November/December Reservoir 2019

In This Issue...

Characteristics of polygonal faulting in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations 2019 CSPG Classic Golf 2019 – CSPG Mixed Golf 30th Anniversary Tournament RETURN UNDELIVERABLE CANADIAN ADDRESSES TO: CSPG – 150, 540 – 5th Ave SW Calgary, AB, T2P 0M2

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December Technical Luncheon & geoLOGIC Holiday Social Fairmont Palliser | Crystal Ballroom

DECEMBER 5th, 2019

Wine & Appetizers 10:30-11:30 Technical Luncheon 11:30 - 1:00

LUNCHEON SPEAKER

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2019 CSPG OFFICE #150, 540 - 5th Ave SW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 0M2 Tel: 403-264-5610 Web: www.cspg.org Please visit our website for all tickets sales and event/course registrations Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 4:00pm The CSPG Office is Closed the 1st and 3rd Friday of every month.

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EDITORS/AUTHORS

Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office.

Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date. (e.g. January 23 for the March/April issue) To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size.

CSPG COORDINATING EDITOR

Emma MacPherson, Communications Coordinator, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Tel: 403-513-1230, emma.macpherson@cspg.org

The RESERVOIR is published 6 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. The purpose of the RESERVOIR is to publicize the Society’s many activities and to promote the geosciences. We look for both technical and non-technical material to publish.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the publisher. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office.

No official endorsement or sponsorship by the CSPG is implied for any advertisement, insert, or article that appears in the Reservoir unless otherwise noted. All submitted materials are reviewed by the editor. We reserve the right to edit all submissions, including letters to the Editor. Submissions must include your name, address, and membership number (if applicable).The material contained in this publication is intended for informational use only.

PRESIDENT Marty Hewitt

PRESIDENT ELECT Jen Russel-Houston

president@cspg.org

Osum Oil Sands Corp. presidentelect@cspg.org

PAST PRESIDENT Clinton Tippett

FINANCE DIRECTOR Ray Geuder

pastpresident@cspg.org

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FINANCE DIRECTOR ELECT Kelty Latos

DIRECTOR Laurie Brazzoni membershipdirector@cspg.org

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DIRECTOR Amy Fox

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While reasonable care has been taken, authors and the CSPG make no guarantees that any of the equations, schematics, or devices discussed will perform as expected or that they will give the desired results. Some information contained herein may be inaccurate or may vary from standard measurements. The CSPG expressly disclaims any and all liability for the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user of information contained in this publication. Under no circumstances shall the CSPG and its officers, directors, employees, and agents be liable for any injury, loss, damage, or expense arising in any manner whatsoever from the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user.

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOV/DEC 2019

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 – VOLUME 46, ISSUE 6

MONTHLY SPONSORS...............................................................................................4 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR....................................................................................6 MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD.................................................................................7 TECHNICAL ARTICLE Characteristics of polygonal faulting in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations......9

UPCOMING EVENTS Technical Luncheon................................................................................................16

FRONT COVER Skaftafell, Iceland.

Hanging basalt columns at Svartifoss (Black Falls) in Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland.

The columnar structure within the basalt is formed by rapid cooling and contraction of the intrusive lava. This unique waterfall has eroded down through the columns.

Photo: Ryan Taylor

Division Talks...........................................................................................................18

GEOCOMMUNITY GeoWomen Talk.......................................................................................................27

SOCIETY NEWS 2019 CSPG Classic Golf...........................................................................................28 2019 – CSPG Mixed Golf 30th Anniversary Tournament.................................................... 29

RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019

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LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR wouldn’t meet the major publications stringent academic criteria. By all means, give us a try. The Reservoir remains resolutely “No Page Fee”.

Winter. Again. Everything is back to normal (silver grey days; very black, long nights; white snows) and the skiers are dreaming of deep powder and powder blue skies. CSPG activities and events are in full swing, racing the Christmas break.

Tom Sneddon

Your September/October edition of the Reservoir was replete with the traditional announcements for the CSPG October conferences. This month we feature a synopsis of the Gussow “New Directions in Geosciences for Unconventional Resources (October 15-16) and the tightly focused Core Characterization Workshop (October 3) that was a cooperative effort with the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Despite bad economic times, a lot of good science is being done by CSPG Members and their associates.

This edition has a lead-off technical article by Andy St-Onge entitled Characteristics of polygonal faulting in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations. All the technical divisions are active and the new Geothermal Division proudly presents an extended abstract from its inaugural meeting in September.

Professional Geologist (Alberta), Professional Geoscientist (B.C.) retired recently as Director of Geoscience and Outreach for APEGA, has been a member of the CSPG for over 40 years, and has pursued a career in geoscience since his university days. He has two degrees – both from Alberta: initially from the University of Calgary in 1969 (B.A. Geography), and from the University of Alberta (M.Sc. in Water Resources, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981). His initial industry experience was with Amoco Canada in 1967-69 as a “Geophysical Professional Assistant” for seismic data management, processing, and seismic section preparations.

On the topic of technical articles, we who keep the good ship Reservoir afloat would like to make a pitch for more operational research manuscripts for inclusion in future editions of the Reservoir. Jon Rotzien, who delivered an excellent “Stratigraphic Analysis of Sediment Gravity Flow Deposits and Implications” presentation at the September Technical Luncheon, noted in passing his difficulty in getting a manuscript past the editorial boards of various publications.

Tom has taken his broad geoscience experience – over 30 years of earth sciences experience, including experimental watershed research, hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, oil and gas prospect development, drilling programs, and extensive field work in minerals exploration The reason for passing on his submission and development – in both government and was that they don’t do operational industry, and applied it to the promotion of research reports in their publications. professionalism within the geosciences, through And, of yes, they also wanted a sizeable  his role at APEGA.  fee for the privilege of printing acceptable

We also do a big reveal on the outcomes from the August Mixed Golf Tournament (page 29), wherein your humble Editor and team achieved notoriety as the least dishonest of the lot. It didn’t rain for once and a good time was had by all. If you subject yourself to the Game of Golf, put the Mixed on your calendar for next year!

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Readers of The RECORDER, The Source, the CSPG Reservoir, and The PEG have seen Tom’s numerous articles on the role of the professional geoscientist. 

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manuscripts. We feel that geoscientists are keen on learning about the ins and outs of structures and sediments that

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Well, that wraps it up for this edition.

Your Reservoir Team will have a crop of CSPG Centennial activities to report in the coming months, so please watch for them here and in the weekly newsletter.

We also look forward meeting as many of you as possible at the annual technical luncheon and holiday.

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019

MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD

MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD By: Laurie Brazzoni Sustainability – certainly a word we hear in so many contexts today! The CSPG is working to ensure our mandate of “advancing the profession of energy geosciences” not only survives but thrives. Our organization needs to evolve to remain sustainable. With your help, we can do this! Facing our new reality of challenging economics, social license issues, and emerging technologies we clearly need to adapt. To be sustainable, flexible and nimble to roll with the punches the Board is working on Vision 2025. More on this as the board executive develop and refine the plan.

Viability

In the meantime - what can we as members do to ensure the CSPG stays sustainable?

Two themes: financial viability and relevance. Viability comes with increasing membership numbers, or even just stable membership numbers! Reliable attendance at events such as Technical Luncheons, courses, conferences, etc. keep our organization financially healthy.

Help us spread the word about the great offerings the CSPG currently has, especially to colleagues and friends who are not members and are missing out. Challenge yourself to bring along a non-member to an event this year and let’s see if we can flatten the decline in membership numbers.

Diving into the details, attached is a graph of the membership numbers by category since 2012. Total membership in the CSPG has declined about 25% from the peak in 2014; no surprise to anyone reading this! The dark blue category, the free in-transition membership, expired at the end of 2018 and was not renewed. In order to keep current members happy and encourage more people to join the CSPG the Executive Committee created the membership director role in 2017. Membership is tasked with retaining current members and attracting new members.

To help corporations with the cost of individual memberships, CSPG has created

industry bundles combining membership fees with discounts on courses and publications at a reduced rate. Please contact either membership@cspg.org or myself if you’d like to learn more.

Relevance Regarding the second theme of relevance – who better to help adapt to changing energy needs than geoscientists? So many energy sources are accessed by the geosciences.

The education, conference and divisions of the CSPG are always striving to find the highest quality speakers and instructors to bring us new research and technologies in a myriad of geoscience topics. Whether you are at the start of your career, or further along, there is always more to learn and new ways to generate value. You can help by giving us feedback on what you’d like to see. Even better, volunteer to share your expertise or convince an expert at your organization to share their expertise.

The membership committee is working to reach out to as many organizations as we can to gather feedback on current trends, what is working at the CSPG and what suggestions you may have for improvement. We can also explain the membership bundles at this time. As of the writing we’ve contacted approximately 120 organizations. If you have received an email and haven’t yet responded please do so

RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019

NOW! We’d truly appreciate your feedback.

If you haven’t received an email but would like to be part of this please drop us a line at membershipdirector@cspg.org.

Last, a shout-out to the dedicated individuals rebuilding the CSPG mentoring program – GeoMatch. Whether from another country, or just new to the industry, support will be offered to the mentees discussing cultural norms, expectations, and other topics to aid in developing careers. They are in the process of matching up mentees with mentors. Please contact membership@cspg.org if you are interested in participating.

We believe the CSPG provides many benefits for members - obviously the education component is a major draw for members. The CSPG is a source of consistently excellent conferences, Technical Luncheons, division talks, and publications. The Bulletin historically has been a go-to reference source; stay tuned for future plans to modernize this venerable repository of knowledge. Also, I want to highlight the incredible networking and social opportunities the CSPG provides – whether it is a Young Professionals event, mentoring through GeoMatch, or (Continued on page 8...)

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(Continued from page 7...) just socialization opportunities like the golf tournaments or the Road Race. So many opportunities to socialize, meet new geoscientists, and re-connect with colleagues.

As my term on the CSPG board is ending I am happy to announce the new Membership Director. Genga Nadaraju will be assuming this role and is currently transitioning. Please feel free to reach out to her at membershipdirector@cspg.org.

The Board wants to make sure our organization stays viable, we’d love a few more members to join and reap the benefits you already receive – so please be an ambassador for us and check around your organization and peer group. Grab a couple of friends and bring them to a division talk or a social event and help us spread the

word! We’d appreciate all feedback on how to keep relevant; we are always looking for more volunteers, speakers, writers, etc.

Come join and expand your network!

Our membership fee is small price to pay for continuation of many years of fulfilling our mission of advancing the profession of energy geosciences and fostering scientific, technical learning and professional development.

On behalf of the Board and staff at the CSPG, we wish you a wonderful holiday season.

UPCOMING SHORT COURSE Unconventional Mudrocks from a Canadian Perspective With Special References to the Devonian Duvernay Formation

NOVEMBER 20-21 Instructors: Per Pedersen & Raphael Wust AER Core Research Centre

This intermediate core workshop course aims to broaden the understanding of unconventional mudrocks with a particular reference to the Devonian Duvernay Formation. Lectures provide insights into mudrock/shale classifications, facies and stratigraphic descriptions, depositional processes and models, core and fluid analysis, Duvernay outcrop equivalents and mechanical stratigraphy. This course is aimed for intermediate experienced geologists with some understanding of the Duvernay formation.

REGISTER ON WWW.CSPG.ORG/EDUCATION

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYGONAL FAULTING IN THE LEA PARK/MILK RIVER FORMATIONS By: Andy St-Onge1, PFS Interpretations Ltd., Calgary Alberta, geophysicist@shaw.ca, www.greatplainsstudy.com Abstract In southwest Saskatchewan a stratabound polygonal fault system has been identified on a 3-D seismic data in a Lower Campanian to Upper Santonian interval of fine-grained sediments. The faulting occurs in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations.

The faults average ~450 m in length, have random strike directions and on average ~+/-5 m vertical throw. The 3-D seismic dataset imaging the faulting lies about 60 km east of the Hatton gas field producing from the Alderson Member of the Lea Park Formation. The pervasive faulting in the fine-grained reservoir can be dated using correlative offset bed movements in closely spaced wells and could have affected the in-situ reservoir permeability.

Introduction Strata-bound fault systems have been identified in over 100 basins worldwide.

These fault systems contain extensive fracturing and faulting in absence of tectonic forces. The areally extensive networks of fractures and faulting have been identified in fine-grained sediments that can form colloidal suspensions (Cartwright, 2014). Shortly after deposition, the suspensions aqueously dewater, and normal faults initiate. The faults continue to grow in lateral distance and vertical throw until they intersect other similar faults and fractures. The fault traces have polygonal forms when viewed in a map sense; hence the name polygonal fault system (PFS).

PFS have been recognized and their characteristics investigated, usually with 3-D seismic datasets acquired to image targets for drilling to extract hydrocarbons.

Wellbore drilling density is low where PFS have been identified, as most PFSs have been identified along continental margins where dense borehole drilling is not required for hydrocarbon production (Cartwright, 2011).

Figure 1 – Outline of the Upper Cretaceous Campanian Pierre Shale Formation deposited within the bounds of the Great Plains of North America (simplified from Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, 1995, via St-Onge, 2017). The rectangle is the approximate outline for Figure 3; the asterisk is the approximate location of the 3-D seismic dataset discussed here.

The aim of this paper is to present previously unreported faulting of the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park/Milk River Formations

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(Continued on page 10...)

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE (Continued from page 9...) within the Great Plains polygonal fault system (GPPFS). The Cretaceous GPPFS is a large set of faults and fractures hosted in fine-grained Cretaceous strata deposited within the Western Interior Seaway (WIS, see Fig. 1). The GPPFS is the only PFS found to date that is extensively sampled with well control, 3-D seismic data, and outcrop.

Previously unreported faulting and fracturing in the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park/Milk River Formations is presented using a 3-D seismic dataset and accompanying well control from a location in southwestern Saskatchewan.

The seismic data shows the characteristics of the extensive polygonal faulting and the well control enables the determination of the fault timing. The faulting occurred during the lower half of the deposition of the Lea Park Formation and the upper third of the Milk River Formation fine-grained sediments (as defined by Accumap well tops from HIS Markit for Saskatchewan wellbores). The faults average ~500 m in length, have random strike directions and on average ~+/-5 m vertical throw. The pervasive faulting could have affected the permeability of low porosity sediments.

Moreover, the presence of the extensive faulting should encourage further investigation to examine other possible ramifications of the phenomenon within the Western Interior Seaway.

Figure 2 – Strat chart for the Milk River Formation in southern Alberta and northeast Montana (modified from Payenberg et al., 2003, Ridgley, 2000 and Gilboy, 1987).

Geological Overview The Great Plains are underlain by sediments deposited in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS). The seaway covered most of central North America during much of the Mesozoic from Texas to the Arctic Ocean when the North American continent was split into two land masses Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east. Strata were deposited between the Cenomanian and the Campanian interval during rising and falling sea levels (Schröder-Adams et al., 2001).

Coarse to fine-grained sediment was deposited adjacent to the Sevier Orogeny to the west and sand and mud supplied by the North America craton to the east (Blakey, 2014).

The WIS hosts a succession of sediments, including a large volume of continental muds and clays, bentonite, and other finegrained material (see Schultz et al., 1980, Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, 1995, for example).

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Figure 3 – Map showing the areal extent of Milk River gas reservoirs in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan (from O’Connell, 2002), as well as the approximate location of the 3-D seismic survey.

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Figure 4 – seismic base map showing the seismic line location for Figure 5 and the locations of the two wells shown in Figure 10.

During Coniacian to Santonian time, relative highstand conditions were present in the WIS (the Niobrara cyclotherm, Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, 1995).

Fine-grained bentonitic muds, calcareous muds, lime and detrital muds were deposited over a wide area. During Campanian time, fine-grained pelagic muds were deposited as represented by the Pierre Shale (homotaxially equivalent to the Lea Park Formation). Figure 1 shows the extent of the Pierre Shale (Figure 2 for stratigraphic column) as defined by outcrop edges. The reader is referred to Schultz et al. (1980) for a detailed description of the composition and properties of the Campanian Pierre Shale.

Clay shale, siliceous shale, marlstone and bentonite have all been observed and analyzed by Schultz et al. (1980) within the WIS. The Upper Cretaceous Alderson Member of the Lea Park Formation is a predominantly fine-grained, low-permeability interval of up to 200 metres of pervasively bioturbated sandy mudstone containing significant proportions of swelling clays (Lemiski et al., 2011). The Alderson Member is a shallow marine transitional facies between

Figure 5 – West to east seismic line that ties the wells shown in Figure 4. The data were tied to a sonic log and a 10/15-70/90 Hz. Xero phase wavelet convolved with the sonic log recorded in the 2-25-17-16W3 wellbore.

the sandy nearshore and foreshore facies of the Eagle Formation (in Montana) and Milk River Formation and the marine, offshore shale facies of the Lea Park Formation (Meijer Drees and Mhyr, 1981). Moreover, Payenberg et al. (2003) showed that the Alderson Member is coeval with the deltaic Upper Eagle Formation of Montana, U.S.A. The Alderson Member is commonly referred to as a portion of the Milk River Formation, or the “Milk River Equivalent” (Meijer Drees and Mhyr, 1981; Gatenby and Staniland, 2004). Recent studies suggest that the Alderson Member is, for the most part, several million years younger than the shallow marine–continental Milk River Formation deposits in southern Alberta (e.g. Payenberg et al., 2003; Pedersen, 2003, via Lemiski, et al., 2011). Biogenic natural gas is present in a sandy shale unit within the Alderson Member.

The dataset (Figure 4) for this work consists of a data volume totalling ~13 km2. The data were acquired to image deeper oil and gas targets within the Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments that range from ~950 to ~1000 m depth. The seismic data were recorded using vertical component geophones and a dynamite source and were processed to enhance P-wave energy.

The data were processed to a final stacked dataset and a post-stack time migration was applied.

Seismic Data

Figure 5 shows a west to east seismic line that intersects the 2-25-17-16W3 wellbore where a 10/15-70/90 Hz. zero phase wavelet was convolved with a stretched sonic log from the wellbore. The data phase was deterministically estimated by matching a stretched sonic log from 2-25-

There is a paucity of 3-D seismic data within the Upper Cretaceous production area; the 3-D seismic dataset used for this study was acquired about 70 km to the east (Figure 3).

The Lea Park and Milk River Formations are present but unproductive at this location.

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The data fold at the zone of interest was ~10.

The data has interpretable signal up to 100 Hz based upon frequency intervals plotted as separate displays to look for coherent signal. Minor amounts of acquisition footprint (-20 dB compared to peak signal reflection amplitudes) were apparent on the data down to the Westgate reflection.

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Figure 7 – Lea Park 3 seismic marker gradient map.

Figure 6 – Lea Park 1 seismic marker gradient map.

17-16W3 (Figure 5) to construct a least square estimate of the wavelet at the well tie point. The 3% stretch is probably due to seismic velocities being estimated with a high frequency sonic log tool. The phase was rotated to 0˚ phase, so that a positive impedance contrast (i.e. low to high velocity with increasing depth) was displayed as a zero-phase peak reflection.

The three relatively shallow Lea Park reflections have the lowest signal to noise ratio data within the dataset; these are the shallowest interpretable horizons. Two reflections from impedance contrasts within the Lea Park Formation are shown here. The Lea Park 1 and Lea Park 3 gradient maps are the product of two 3x3 convolution masks (X = [-1 0 1, -2 0 2, -1 0 1], Y = [-1 -2 -1, 0 0 0, 1 2 1]) applied to the two-way traveltime values (Figures 6 and 7).

Observations The Lea Park 1 and 3 gradient maps show faulting in either reflection (Figures 6 or 7). The fault geometry statistics for the Lea Park 3 seismic horizon (Figure 8) shows a

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Gaussian distribution of fault lengths, with a mean fault length of ~500 m. The faults have almost random strike direction. The faulting for the Lea Park 1 and Lea Park 3 seismic reflections averaged ~ 5 m of throw (~5 ms at 2,000 m/s interval velocity), as estimated by the Lea Park 3 to Milk River isochron offsets from a regional surface (3rd order polynomial fit, not shown here) applied to the data shown in Figure 9. The seismic data show isochron variations in any of the Lea Park 1, 2, or 3 reflections and the Milk River Formation reflection (by inspection, Figure 5). Figure 9 shows the Lea Park 3 to Milk River isochron which shows relative lows where the faulting occurred.

A simple two well cross section (Figure 10) is instructive even though only two wells are used to exemplify the PFS faulting. Refer to Figure 4 for the seismic line location and the geology cross section location. The twowell cross section shows highly correlative log signatures throughout the wellbores ~400 m apart. The beds can be correlated so that their offsets as a function of depth can be shown, as plotted at the right of the

figure. This “correlation throw curve” shows bed offsets from the middle of the Lea Park Formation to about the upper third of the Milk River Formation (again, using Accumap formation tops). Deflections to the left indicate faulted sediments in the 6-26 wellbore, and deflections to the right show subsequent sediment infilling in the increased accommodation space.

Also shown on the cross section is a zone demarked as “offset perforations”. The 7-25 wellbore to the east was perforated in this zone but not put on production.

Discussion The layer bound faulting presented here is consistent with polygonal faults identified in fine-grained sediments in other areas.

Although the dataset was only about 13 km2, there were two other confidential datasets (totalling ~40 km2) that confirmed the observations in this study. The stratbound faulting, the polygonal nature of the fault traces, the apparent absence of tectonic forces (as indicated by the almost random fault strike directions) and the relatively small (~5 m) fault throws are consistent with the criteria for polygonal

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Figure 8 - Lea Park 3 fault geometries. The fault lengths have somewhat of a Gaussian distribution and somewhat random strike direction.

Figure 10 – A two well cross section showing bed correlations; the differences in the correlations are used to construct the correlation throw curve on the right.

The two-log section location is shown in Figure 3; the wellbores are ~400 m apart.

The faulted interval start and end correlations are shown here and on the seismic line (Figure 5).

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Figure 9- Lea Park 3 to Milk River interpreted seismic horizon isochron map is displayed on this plan view map. There are clearly many faults (purple) evident on this display that appear as small grabens, but this effect may be due to the subvertical nature of the faulting. The 6-26 (west) and 7-26 (east) wellbores are shown by the arrows.

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

faulting as discussed by Cartwright and Dewhurst (1998).

Polygonal fault systems are observed almost exclusively in fine-grained rock (Cartwright and Dewhurst, 1998). The Santonian – Campanian fine-grained sediments presented here cover a large area within the outlines of the Western Interior Seaway; it may instructive to look for PFS faulting in other homotaxially equivalent strata beneath the Great Plains.

For example, Inks et al. (2010) reported on the utility of imaging the Tiger Ridge Field in Montana with 3-D seismic data.

Inks et al. (2010) interpreted rotational fault blocks (each approximately 35 acres in size) in the Eagle Formation sandstone (Milk River equivalent). The fault blocks were interpreted to have occurred during the Eocene Bearpaw uplift with subsequent gravity sliding.

A PFS interpretation would simply modify Inks et al. (2010) interpretation to recognize that the faulting did not occur with the Bearpaw uplift, and, in fact, occurred in situ (St-Onge, 2017).

It is reasonable to assume that the permeability of the Lea Park and Milk River Formations would have been increased by the apparent pervasive amount of faulting observed on the seismic data. Maher et al., (2015) noted that fluid access along fractures may have occurred at outcrop of the Pierre Shale Formation in South Dakota, creating permeability within the shale. Other studies looking at the Lea Park and the Milk River and their homotaxial equivalents with the WIS should look for evidence of PFS and its’ potential to affect permeability. Moreover, there may be the possibility to extend current Milk River/Lea Park Formation biogenic gas production in areas that may be polygonally fractured (in a higher than current commodity price environment).

There are a number of wireline log correlation cross-sections in other literature that span many 10’s of km of distance correlating Lea Park and Milk River stratigraphy. Because of the potential for structural differences over a small distance (see Figure 10), it is recommended to use closely spaced two-well cross sections to check correlative variations.

There are two other PFS identified on the dataset that are worth noting here. It

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appears the PFS continues up shallower into the Pakowki Formation, as some of the faulting has occurred after the deposition of the Lea Park 1 seismic marker. However, there is no interpretable reflection above this horizon. Due to the quickly changing Lea Park 1 two-way traveltime values between the wellbores, no attempt was made to correlate the Pakowki Formation bed offsets in adjacent wellbores. There are indications of faulting on the logs; it is recommended that a 3-D dataset with recording parameters more suited to shallow imaging but used to interpret the shallower zones. This faulting may have been affected by the Milk River faulting presented here. Deeper, beneath the Turonian Second White Speckled Shale Formation, there exists a polygonal fault system which initiated in bentonites within the Westgate Shale Formation (StOnge, 2019); evidence of this can be seen on the rugose Westgate Reflection on the seismic line presented here (Figure 5). It is interpreted that the effects of this faulting do not continue up into the Lea Park/Milk River Formations.

Conclusions A Lower Campanian to Upper Santonian polygonal fault system was identified on 3-D seismic data from southwest Saskatchewan and faulting statistics were presented. The faulting occurred within Milk River/Lea Park fine-grained sediments as evidenced on the seismic data and well control. The faulting could have affected the in-situ permeability. Other reservoirs of similar age within the Western Interior Seaway should be investigated for evidence of the pervasive faulting.

Acknowledgements Andrew Dyke (403-781-6234) of TGS Canada Corp is thanked for making available the seismic data.

References Blakey, R., 2014, Paleogeography and paleotectonics of the Western Interior Seaway, Jurassic-Cretaceous of North America, AAPG Search and Discovery Article #30392, 72.

Cartwright, J., and Dewhurst, D., 1998, Layer-bound compaction faults in fine-grained sediments, GSA Bulletin, v. 10, n. 10, p. 1242–1257, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1242:LB-

CFIF>2.3.CO;2.

Cartwright, J., 2011, Diagenetically induced shear failure of fine-grained sediments and the development of polygonal fault systems, Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28 (2011), p. 1593-1610, doi: 10.1016/j. arpetgeo.2011.06.004.

Cartwright, J, (2014) Are outcrop studies the key to understanding the origins of polygonal fault systems? Geology, v. 42 (6), p. 559-560, https://doi.org/10.1130/ focus062014.1.

Gatenby, W. and Staniland, M. 2004.

Preliminary sedimentology of Milk River equivalent in the New Abby/Lacadena gas fields, Saskatchewan. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Core Conference Abstract Book, p. 55–68, accessed on September 25, 2019, at: http:// www.searchanddiscover y.com/pdfz/ documents/2015/20300gattenby/ndx_ gattenby.pdf.html Gilboy, C., 1987, Aspects of the regional geological framework of low-permeability shallow gas reservoirs in Upper Cretaceous strata, southwestern Saskatchewan; 1n Summary of Investigations 1987, Saskatchewan Geological Survey; Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report 87-4.

Inks, T., Baclawski, P., Seaton, C., and Estes, S., 2010, Productive wrench grabens imaged on 3D seismic, Tiger Ridge Field, Blaine and Hill Counties, Montana, AAPG Search and Discovery Article #20083.

Lemiski, R., Hovikoski, J., Pemberton, G., and Gingras, M., 2011, Sedimentological, ichnological and reservoir characteristics of the low-permeability, gas-charged Alderson Member (Hatton gas field, southwest Saskatchewan): Implications for resource development, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 59(1), p.

27-53, doi.org/10.2113/gecpgbull.59.1.27.

Maher, H., Ferguson, S., Korth, R., Marshall, J., and Pickett, L., 2015, Strata bound vein array in the Pierre Shale, Lake Francis Case, South Dakota, U. S. A., Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 153–165, doi:10.2113/gsrocky.50.2.153.

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

Meijer Drees, N., and Mhyr, D., 1981, The Upper Cretaceous Milk River and Lea Park Formations in Southeastern Alberta, CSPG Bulletin 29(1): pp. 42-74, available for purchase at: http://archives.datapages. com/data/cspg/data/029/029001/0042. htm O’Connell, S., The unknown giants – lowpermeability shallow gas reservoirs of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Convention, 2002, Calgary, accessed on September 25, 2019, at: https://cseg.ca/assets/files/resources/ abstracts/2003/105S0127.pdf Payenberg, T., Braman, D., and Miall, A., 2003, Depositional environments and stratigraphic architecture of the Late Cretaceous Milk River and Eagle formations, southern Alberta and northcentral Montana: relationships to shallow biogenic gas, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, V. 51(2), p. 155-176, doi: 10.2113/51.2.155.

Schröder-Adams, C.J., Cumbaa, S.L., Bloch, J., Leckie, D. A., Craig, J., Seif El-Dein, S. A., Simons, D.-J.H. and Kenig, F., 2001, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Campanian) paleoenvironmental history of the Eastern Canadian margin of the Western Interior Seaway: bonebeds and anoxic events; Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 170, p. 261–289, https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00259-0.

Schultz, L., Tourtelot, H., Gill, J., and Boerngen, J., 1980, Composition and properties of the Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks, northern Great Plains region, USGS Professional Paper 1064, http://pubs.usgs. gov/pp/1064b/report.pdf.

St-Onge, A., 2017. A Late Cretaceous polygonal fault system in central North America, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 129(5): B31582.1, DOI:10.1130/ B31582.1 St-Onge, A., 2019, Polygonal fault systems: a seismogenic nature to their initiation?, in review.

Pedersen, P. 2003.

Stratigraphic relationships of Alderson (Milk River) strata between the Hatton and Abbey-Lacadena Pools, southwestern Saskatchewan–preliminary observations.

In: Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Summary of Investigations 2003, Volume 1, p. 1–11, accessed on September 25, 2019, at: https://publications.saskatchewan. ca/#/products/4678 Ridgley, J., 2000, Lithofacies architecture of the Milk River Formation (Alderson Member of the Lea Park _Formation), southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta - its relation to gas accumulation; in Summary of lnvest1gat1ons 2000, Volume I, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Energy Mines, Misc. Rep. 20004.1., accessed on September 25, 2019, at: http://publications.gov.sk.ca/redirect. cfm?p=5008&i=88590 Robinson Roberts, L., and Kirschbaum, M., 1995, Paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of Middle North America: coal distribution and sediment accumulation, USGS Professional Paper 1561, US Government Printing Office, QE501.4. P3R63. http:// pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1561/report.pdf.

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TECHNICAL LUNCHEON

Using Multivariate Analysis to Optimize Development in Western Canadian Unconventional Resource Plays SPEAKER Tyler Schlosser | McDaniel & Associates

Time: 11:30 am doors open Date: November 20, 2019 Location: Hyatt Hotel, Imperial Ballroom 5/7/9, 700 Centre Street SE, Calgary AB T2G 5P6 CSPG member ticket price: $46.50+gst Non-member ticket price: $55+gst Please note: The cut-off for ticket sales is 4:00pm, November 13, 2019

ABSTRACT Predicting and optimizing production performance, recovery and economics in large resource plays like the Montney and Duvernay requires integrating different types of information from a variety of data sources. One of the most important sources of information to accomplishing this is a consistent and, hopefully, predictive geological model that provides coverage across the entire play. A multivariate analysis workflow is outlined which incorporates geospatial, geological, fluid composition, completion, pad design and parent-child effect data together in

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one model. Identifying and deriving data features that offer the most predictive and interpretive capability to is important in arriving at a model. Advantages and difficulties related to this workflow when compared to more traditional reserves or development planning workflows are explored.

The challenges of model interpretation, data dimensionality and correlation, integrating domain knowledge and causal constraints, unexplained variance, model transparency and interpretability, and model application are discussed.

Progressing through the workflow from training to prediction to optimization is iterative and usually involves many people. Applied workflow examples and some findings from real projects done in the Montney and Duvernay are highlighted, including some field development scenarios and economic optimization results.

BIOGRAPHY As Director of Business Intelligence at McDaniel & Associates, Tyler Schlosser applies his 16 years of machine learning experience to the oil and gas industry

for completion and field development optimization, performance prediction and a deeper understanding of the drivers of asset value and productivity. Tyler is also experienced in the technical and economic evaluation of oil and gas reserves and resources, probabilistic economic and commodity price forecasting, and risk modeling.

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TECHNICAL LUNCHEON

Negative Emissions Technologies with Energy Production: Can Canada’s Oil & Gas Industry Help Reverse Climate Change?

SPEAKER Steven Bryant | University of Calgary

Time: 10:30-11:30am: geoLOGIC systems Holiday Social 11:30am luncheon doors open Date: December 5, 2019 Location: Fairmont Palliser, Crystal Ballroom | 133 9th Avenue SW, Calgary AB T2P 2M3 CSPG member ticket price: $55.00+gst Non-member ticket price: $65.00+gst Please note: The cut-off for ticket sales is 4:00pm, November 28, 2019

ABSTRACT What is the role of the oil and gas industry in a future low-carbon world? Christiana Figueres, the former executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, framed this question more starkly during the UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019. She told a gathering of international oil company CEOs they have the power “to either put a nail in the coffin of global efforts [to mitigate climate change] or be the industry to deliver the solution.”

In this talk I explain how the latter option is a very real possibility. Indeed, the oil and gas industry is uniquely positioned to produce energy for which global markets and infrastructure already exist, while simultaneously removing CO2 from the atmosphere – more CO2, in fact, than is released when consumers use the oil or gas.

Negative Emissions Technologies came center stage in late 2018, as a series of reports from the IPCC, Energy Frontiers Initiative, US National Academies et al. concluded that avoiding emissions, for example by capturing CO2 from flue gas, is essential but no longer sufficient for avoiding catastrophic climate change.

Now, and for many decades to come, we must also actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

Unfortunately, very few options for negative emissions are currently on the table. Society urgently needs more choices in order to allocate resources to greatest effect. The idea of coupling emerging technologies to capture CO2 from the atmosphere with familiar technologies for injecting and producing fluids in subsurface reservoirs is therefore quite timely. This combination also addresses many of the drawbacks of existing options.

Canada has the resource base and technical expertise to handle the subsurface technology and is home to the leading company that captures CO2 from the atmosphere. The “industry to deliver the solution” can start right here.

BIOGRAPHY As UCalgary’s first Canada Excellence Research Chair, Bryant leads an interdisciplinary research program in materials engineering for unconventional oil reservoirs. With a team of national and international collaborators, he is bringing together advances in fields such as nanotechnology, novel materials and microbiology to re-imagine how society can benefit from hydrocarbon resources with reduced environmental impact.

To date this work has yielded more than a dozen inventions and four Startup companies. Previously he held the Bank of America Centennial Professorship in the Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, where he directed the Geological CO2 Storage Joint Industry Project and the Nanoparticles for Subsurface Engineering Industrial Affiliates Program. Bryant worked in industry research centers in Europe for a decade before joining academia. He has published 360+ times on applications in production and reservoir engineering and formation evaluation, led major research initiatives involving industry partnerships and trained 140+ graduate students and postdoctoral fellows.

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DIVISION TALKS

BASS TECHNICAL DIVISION TALK The Sunset Prairie Formation: Insight on the Complexity of the Montney-Doig Boundary through the Integration of Sedimentology, Ichnology and Sequence Stratigraphy SPEAKER Carolyn Furlong | University of Alberta

Time: 12:00 pm Date: Tuesday, November 5, 2019 Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 5405th Avenue S.W., Calgary ABSTRACT The Sunset Prairie Formation is a newly named Middle Triassic formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and is found mainly in northeastern British Columbia (Furlong et al., 2018a). Sitting above the Montney Formation (one of Canada's most important unconventional reservoir intervals), the Sunset Prairie Formation has the potential to contribute valuable hydrocarbon resources to wells drilled into Triassic horizons. This study incorporates sedimentological and ichnological characteristics of the Sunset Prairie Formation to construct a sequence stratigraphic framework to understand depositional dynamics and basin evolution. All of this is useful for evaluating and predicting reservoir distribution and exploration potential of the Sunset Prairie Formation.

The Sunset Prairie Formation is lithologically, ichnologically and paleontologically distinct from underlying and overlying strata. The formation consists of interbedded light gray, pervasively bioturbated sandstone and dark gray, diminutively bioturbated to non-bioturbated siltstone. Trace fossils within the unit include Asterosoma, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Diplocraterion, Helminthopsis, Palaeophycus, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Rosselia, Scolicia, Skolithos, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos. Paleontological assemblages include bivalves, gastropods, lingulid brachiopods (which all occur within the Montney and Doig Formations),

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and spiriferid brachiopods, terebratulid brachiopods, echinoderm spines and crinoid ossicles (which are quintessential components of the Middle Triassic fauna).

Collectively, seven facies were identified and are ascribed to offshore, offshore transition and lower shoreface depositional facies associations (Furlong et al., 2018b). Three shoaling-upward parasequences can be identified through upward increases in grain size (up to very fine-grained sandstone), bioturbation intensity and trace fossil size. Additionally, a Glossifungites-demarcated discontinuity surface and/or conglomeratic lag deposit is observed at the base of each parasequence.

The retrogradational stacking pattern of parasequences suggests an increase in relative sea level during deposition. The formation is bound by unconformities. The lower unconformity truncates the underlying Montney Formation. The upper unconformity, at the base of the Doig phosphate zone, truncates the Sunset Prairie Formation and, to the east, incises into the Montney Formation. Two sequence stratigraphic frameworks are proposed for the Sunset Prairie Formation. The first interprets the formation to represent lowstand systems tract during deposition of the lowermost parasequence, which is capped by a maximum regressive surface; the overlying two parasequences represent the transgressive systems tract. The second model interprets the entire formation to represent a transgressive systems tract.

Each model has strengths and flaws associated with its interpretation.

Regardless of which model is favoured, the retrogradational nature of the parasequences cause the lowermost parasequence to exhibit the thickest packages (up to 7 meters) of pervasively bioturbated, very-fine grained sandstone.

Fine-grained sand content, thickness of coarse-grained beds and bioturbation intensity decrease with each proceeding parasequence. The result of this retrograde stacking pattern and high net to gross sand in the lowermost parasequence produces a “pseudo conventional” reservoir within a dominantly tight sandstone/siltstone interval. Elucidating the sequence stratigraphic architecture allows for better prediction of potential reservoir intervals to optimize hydrocarbon recovery within the Sunset Prairie Formation.

References Furlong, C.M., Gingras, M.K., Moslow, T. and Zonneveld, J-P. 2018a. The Sunset Prairie Formation: Designation of a new Middle Triassic formation between the Lower Triassic Montney Formation and Middle Triassic Doig Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 66, p. 193-214.

Furlong, C.M., Gegolick, A., Gingras, M.K., Hernandez, P., Moslow, T., Prenoslo, D, Playter, T. and Zonneveld, J-P. 2018b.

Sedimentology and Ichnology of the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Sunset Prairie Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 66, p. 215-236.

BIOGRAPHY Carolyn Furlong recently received her PhD in geology from the University of Alberta. Her thesis focused on naming and describing the Sunset Prairie Formation.

Her previous research has focused on understanding the interplay between geology and biology within both modern and ancient settings. Carolyn holds a B.Sc. in earth science education from the State University of New York College at Cortland and a M.Sc. in geology from the University of Alberta.

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DIVISION TALKS

INTERNATIONAL DIVISION TALK Driving Overland From Alaska To Argentina: A Grand Adventure SPEAKER Tom Feuchtwanger. P.Geol.

Time: Doors open at 11:30am Date: Wednesday, December 11, 2019 Location: Bottlescrew Bill’s Pub Calgary, 140, 10 Avenue SW, Calgary AB T2R 0A3 ABSTRACT After circumnavigating Africa overland independently, my wife Janet, and I struggled to settle back into our suburban middle-class lifestyle. We missed the adventures and adrenaline rushes. As a result, we built a ruggedized customized camper, sold our home, said goodbye to our sons and friends and in July 2010 and set off to drive from Prudhoe Bay Alaska, the most northerly driveable point in North America to Ushuaia Argentina, the most southerly driveable town in the world.

We covered 65,000kms over a 18 month period traversing Canada, the USA, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. In 2019 we returned to Ushuaia and sailed to Antarctica.

This presentation will give you a sense of the landscapes, history, cultures, experiences and challenges of this classic Pan-American overland journey. Driving our own vehicle allowed us to wander off the beaten path, to stay a while or move on. It was a grand adventure. As well as seeing many of the famous tourist sites and landmarks such as Machu Pichu and Iguazu falls we drove the backroads, the Dalton Highway, the Carretera Austral of Chile, Route 40 etc. We explored Patagonia, witnessed volcanic eruptions, and their resulting devastation. We camped on the Salar de Uyuni the immense salt flats of Bolivia avoiding the drug runners of the night. We stumbled into billionaires’ hide way village, hiked through the Amazon jungle and discovered nature’s wonder here and in many other wild places. We will

share some of the highlights, humorous and scary events, inspirational encounters and mind-broadening encounters.

For those of you considering or dreaming of undertaking such a road trip, this presentation will hopefully inspire you to take the leap and do it! For those do not have that desire or circumstances which allow you to do it, this presentation is an opportunity to live vicariously through our stories and experiences.

Would we do it again? In a heartbeat.

BIOGRAPHY Thomas Feuchtwanger graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Hons) from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1973. He began his exploration career as a mineral exploration geologist in Southern Africa.

In 1979 Thomas immigrated to Canada where he worked for 12 years at Gulf Canada Resources Inc. Here he earned positions of increasing responsibility including Chief Geologist, Exploration Manager for Western Canada, and Business Unit manager for Gulf’s non-operated tertiary EOR production. In 1992, Thomas

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was appointed VP Expl. at CS Resources, a Western Canadian junior heavy oil producer. CS Resources pioneered the applications of many technical innovations and reservoir development technologies such as horizontal drilling and SAGD. Subsequent to CS being acquired in 1997, Thomas worked in senior executive positions in several junior international and Canadian companies including; President, CEO, Director Largo Petroleum Inc., VP Expl. Encounter Energy Inc., Business Manager and New Ventures IFPT Canada Inc., President, COO, Director Vecta Energy Inc. and President, CEO, Director PetroMaroc Corporation Plc. Thomas remains actively involved in the international upstream sector through his consulting practice XploreNow Inc and CanAfrica Resource Consultants.

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

GEOTHERMAL DIVISION TALK Subsurface Characterization Methods For Multilateral Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems. Case Study of Field Scale Technology Demonstration Project in Alberta, Canada.

SPEAKER Jeanine Vany | Eavor

Time: 12:00 pm Date: Wednesday, November 27, 2019 Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 5405th Avenue S.W., Calgary ABSTRACT The production of heat and electricity from geothermal energy is an old concept and has been around since the early 1900’s. However, many geothermal projects are plagued by high up-front exploration costs and have financing difficulty because of the geological risk, namely low permeability, and many do not make it past the exploration phase. To solve these issues technologies such as hydro shearing and production from hot dry rocks are pursued. Historically geothermal energy is produced from high capacity aquifers.

Recently the concept of production from enhanced geothermal systems through hydro shearing tighter aquifers or production from hot dry rock is growing in popularity. Hydroshearing is often met with uncertainty by local stakeholders because it is perceived as fracking on the scale of that of the oil industry.

Drilling into hot dry rock involves drilling deep and costly wells into plutonic rocks and has, in some instances, caused induced seismicity.

The concept of producing geothermal energy from true multilateral closed loop systems, whereby there is zero interaction with the formation seeks to solve the problem of permeability risk and avoids the negative association to fracking and does not involve ultra deep drilling into plutonic rocks.

Closed loop systems extract heat through the process of conduction which has challenges such as limited conductive heat

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transfer through rock and high drilling costs of multilateral wells. Eavor Loop is a novel closed loop system addressing these issues through the drilling of long, closed loop multilateral wells in sedimentary basins.

This system can produce heat and power at temperatures between 100 and 180 degrees Celsius.

course for industry professionals and spearheaded new business initiatives for the firm in unconventional resource plays.

Jeanine holds an Honours B.Sc degree in Geology and Environmental Studies from Saint Mary’s University and a Business Essentials Certificate from the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary.

This talk will demonstrate: • Standard geological and geophysical work flows for oil and gas prospecting can be applied in closed loop geothermal settings for the determination of geothermal gradient, permeability and rock type • The potential for scalability in sedimentary basins across the globe • Overview of the Eavor Lite Pilot near Sylvan Lake, Alberta Novel/Additive Information • Implications for reduction in exploration costs and the overall bankability of early stage geothermal projects

BIOGRAPHY Jeanine Vany is an APEGA registered professional geologist with a career spanning over 15 years in the oil and gas industry.

Her experience ranges from reservoir characterization, drilling and operations to full field delineation strategies, asset management, and acquisition. Ms. Vany has spent her career at foremost E&P companies such as EnCana, Devon and Total. She joined GLJ Petroleum Consultants in 2012, where she led the geoscience aspects of in-situ reserves and resource evaluations in addition to working deep basin unconventional plays.

With a passion for people, projects and technology development, Ms. Vany led GLJ’s first oil sands technology panel, created and taught GLJ’s In-Situ Resource and Reserves

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

PALAEONTOLOGICAL DIVISION TALK In addition to the main presentation by

Mark Powers and Matthew Rhodes, Daegan

Kovacs will provide a brief presentation.

Discovering Mary Anning’s Jurassic Coast SPEAKER Daegan Kovacs is a grade 11 homeschooled student partnered with Willow Home Education and is an active member with the Alberta Palaeontological Society.

Time: 7:30pm Date: Friday, November 15, 2019 Location: Mount Royal University, Room B108 ABSTRACT I travelled to England in the spring of 2018, and while on vacation I went to the Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO world heritage site. It was designated under UNESCO because, despite being called the Jurassic Coast, it

contains a mostly continuous rock strata spanning 185 million years of the Mesozoic, and shows how the environment changed over that time. It spans a distance of 154km from East Devon to East Dorset along England's southern shores. It is well known for its incredible cliffs and equally amazing fossils. I will focus on the 2 fossil sites that I visited, one at Charmouth and the most famous one at Lyme Regis where none other than Mary Anning lived. I visited museums at each site including a museum named after Anning, and I will also speak about just who Ms. Anning actually was and some of the challenges she faced. Finally I will speak about how different the fossils of the Jurassic Coast are compared to most of Alberta's fossils, as was the world these

animals inhabited almost 200 million years ago. I hope you enjoy Discovering Mary Anning's Jurassic Coast.

BIOGRAPHY Daegan Kovacs is a homeschooled student partnered with Willow Home Education.

He is currently working towards a diploma, finishing off his core grade 11 courses such as Physics 20, Math 20-1, and English 201. His learning has taken him to natural history museums in Drumheller, Bozeman, San Diego, Nebraska, and London, England as well as to sites in Western North America and, as mentioned above, the Jurassic Coast in England. His interests include vertebrate palaeontology, entomology, and zoology.

SAVE THE DATE August 15-19, 2021 | Banff Centre | Banff, AB, Canada

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

PALAEONTOLOGICAL DIVISION TALK Description of the first unequivocal dinosaur trackway from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation near Morrin, AB SPEAKER Mark Powers and Matthew Rhodes Authors: Mark Powers1, Stephen Mendonca2, Matthew Rhodes1, Ryan Wilkinson1, Matthew Pruden2, Philip Currie1 and Gregory Funston1 1.

epartment of Biological D University of Alberta

Sciences,

2.

epartment of Earth and Atmospheric D Sciences, University of Alberta

Time: 7:30pm Date: Friday, November 15, 2019 Location: Mount Royal University, Room B108 ABSTRACT Animal behaviour can be inferred from the traces they leave behind. This is true for modern and extinct animals as their traces can be captured in the fossil record.

These trace fossils are referred to as ichnofossils, and a variety of behaviours can be represented by ichnofossils including, feeding, mating, burrowing, and movement. Ichnofossils representing dinosaur behaviour are most commonly represented by footprints which give us indicators for locomotion and social behaviours. Footprints are preserved when extinct animals step into soft substrates that morph around the track makers foot. When this substrate hardens quickly, and is subsequently buried, it can become lithified in the rock record to be discovered later. The most common form of preservation is depressions, that are molds of the trackmakers feet, preserved on large concreted slabs of rock. An alternative preservation, less commonly reported on, are natural casts of the track maker’s feet. These occur when the animal leaves the impression of its foot and this mold is then infilled with a sediment. During lithification it is the infills which become more concreted than their surrounding

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rocks and therefore are more resistant to the effects of weathering. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, has produced a number of footprints of various dinosaur groups. However, these footprints are often isolated, too incomplete to identify possible track makers, or restricted to a pair of footprints. In 2017, a University of Alberta team discovered the first unequivocal dinosaur trackway in the Morrin member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, near Morrin Alberta.

The trackway is comprised of concretionary casts of large tridactyl footprints. The preservation of the footprints is so detailed that skin impressions are preserved on several of the footprints. The underside of one collected footprint even shows evidence of invertebrate burrows through the cast of the heel. Three footprints are in series with alternating morphologies indicative of a left-right relationship, suggesting a single individual track maker.

Other footprints were found at the site but cannot be confidently identified as belonging to the same track maker, or a different individual. Many of the footprints identified at the site are small, arcuate casts which are similar to the footprints of the forefoot previously described for hadrosaurs. This in combination with large, tridactyl pedal footprints, strongly suggests the track maker was a large hadrosaur dinosaur. Given our knowledge of the hadrosaurs which lived during this time the track maker is most likely one of three hadrosaur genera; Edmontosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, or Saurolophus. The spacing and orientation of the footprints suggests the animal was walking in a paleo north direction which may have implications for migration hypotheses previously proposed for hadrosaurs.

Biographies Mark Powers – BSc Paleontology, MSc student

Born in Calgary Alberta and grew up in Eckville Alberta. Passion for palaeontology came from concurring his fear of dinosaurs at a young age after his mother took him to see Jurassic Park in theatres at the tender age of two. Despite a general interest in animals, he has always come back to dinosaurs as the centre of his infatuation.

His particular interests focus around predator-prey relationships with an inkling toward the predator side of the equation.

Upon finishing highschool, his son, Adam Brozny-Powers was born. Mark took a few years off school, working and raising his son before going back to pursue his dream of palaeontology. During his undergraduate degree he served as an executive member of the University of Alberta Palaeontological Society for a year and then two more during his master’s degree. He completed his undergrad, specialization in paleontology, with distinction at University of Alberta and started a master’s in 2017 with Dr. Philip Currie, studying the snouts of dromaeosaurid ‘raptor’ dinosaurs and their biogeographical significance.

Matthew Rhodes – BSc Paleontology, MSc Systematics and Evolution Born in Calgary Alberta and grew up in Nanton Alberta. Matthew has always had a sharp mind and an interest in pursuing knowledge. Like many children, dinosaurs offered a world of fascination that enticed his imagination and inspired him to pursue science. He was involved in scouts where he developed his wilderness skills as well as an appreciation for the natural world. He worked for several years at the Aviation museum in Nanton as an interpreter and even appeared in a short film depicting World War II pilots in action. After highschool Matthew began his undergraduate degree at the University of Alberta where he spent several years in the University of Alberta Palaeontological Society as an executive member, joined a dodgeball team within Lister residence and

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

acted as a residence assistant throughout most of his four years in lister, all while still graduating with honours from his undergrad in palaeontology in 2016. He then went on to complete a master’s in systematics and evolution with Dr. Philip Currie. His thesis focused on hindlimb reconstruction of coelurosaurian theropods and inferences on locomotion.

SUPPORT GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION December 31 is the deadline for making a charitable contribution for 2019.

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DIVISION TALKS

STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK “Foldastic” and “Faultastic” Deformation Features at the Base of the Lewis Thrust Sheet in the Kananaskis Area LEADER Normand Bégin, (Nanook Geo-Exploration Inc.)

Time: 12.00 pm Date: Thursday, November 7th, 2019 Location: Province Rooms (2nd Floor), Schlumberger Canada 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary ABSTRACT The Lewis Thrust Fault extends over 450 km in mapped view length, from the Rockies in Montana to the Southern Canadian Cordillera, where it dies into folded carbonate beds of the Mississippianage Rundle Group at Mount Kidd in the Kananaskis Area. South of Mount Kidd and along the Highway 40, the thrust juxtaposed steeply SW-dipping (50-70 degrees) carbonaceous units of the Rundle Group in the hangingwall, against also steeply SW-dipping clastic units of Mesozoic-age in the footwall. Although complex folding is somewhat visible in the hangingwall, when driving by the highway and looking up to the various summits of the Lewis Range, hiking and scrambling up peaks and ridges reveal far more spectacular views of the deformation features in the basal part of the Lewis Thrust Sheet. In the summer of 2019, several named and unnamed summits from King Ridge and northward to Opal Ridge South were climbed, capturing a series of photos that outline a range of complex deformation features in the Lewis Thrust Sheet, otherwise not present further south along the Lewis Range in the vicinity of Highwood Pass.

Heading from the Highway 40 and northeastward to about three quarters of the way up those summits, in the structurally highest levels of the Lewis Sheet, a train of broad open folding (100’s meters in wavelength) with essentially no faulting is observed. Higher up towards the summits and structurally lower where the deformed

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panel gets at its steepest for this portion of the Lewis Range examined, duplexes and ramp anticlines are common. Thrust faults have m’s to 10’s m of displacement with a NE sense of displacement. Multiple detachment horizons are present in the thinly laminated carbonaceous units, with faulted offsets on thickly and massive carbonate layers. The basalmost part of the Lewis Thrust hangingwall section, on the backside (NE) of the summits, display folded units with the interlimb angle typical of a tight to almost isoclinal geometry. C-S fabrics (top to the NE) in cataclasites are observed in thinly laminated interbeds.

Collectively, those structures described above could represent a broad strain gradient from higher up to lower down in the basal part of the Lewis Thrust Sheet in the Kananaskis Area. The folds, detachment and other shear-related structures would have been passively tilted to the SW, as a result of motion on the easterly and underlying major imbricates like the Rundle and Misty thrust sheets. Further south in the Lewis Range such as Little Highwood Pass, the hangingwall section structurally above the Jurassic units consists mainly of a SW-dipping homocline in Mississippian units, with a much thinner sheared package above the thrust.

commercial hydrocarbon discoveries in thrust-fold belts of the Canadian Rockies Foothills, Llanos Foothills of Columbia, Zagros Belt of Kurdistan. For the last four years with Repsol Canada, he worked on projects in Papua New Guinea, Russia, Algeria and Bolivia. Since the late 1990’s, he has led several structural geology trips for the industry Alberta, Kurdistan and Australia.

BIOGRAPHY Normand graduated with a BSc in Geological Engineering at Laval University in 1985, then completed a Ph.D. in Geology at Queen’s University in 1989. He worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Calgary (1990-1992), then in mining exploration in the NWT for 2 years as a structural geologist and field mapper.

He worked with the Foothills Research Project (U of C) from 1994 to 1996, before joining Talisman Energy as an exploration geologist and structural specialist in various deformed belts around the world. Along with his teammates, he has successfully geosteered over 50 wells with several

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DIVISION TALKS

STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK The Effects of Mechanical Anisotropy on the Development of an Orogenic Wedge SPEAKER

the wedge can be gained.

Malcolm A. Lamb, Geosciences Manager Shale Petroleum Ltd.

Time: 12:00 pm Date: Thursday, December 5, 2019 Location: Province Rooms (2nd Floor), Schlumberger Canada 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary ABSTRACT The development of an orogenic wedge is a complex process that reflects the interaction of many components and rates. One of these components, mechanical anisotropy, is present in all bedded sedimentary rocks, and understanding its influence on the development of the orogenic wedge is important due to its influence on failure geometry. By examining the structures at the leading edge of an orogenic wedge with respect to the orientation of the mechanical anisotropy relative to the principal stress directions, insight into the development of

Field data (fracture orientations, bedding orientations, bedrock maps, and hammer seismic data), were combined with subsurface data (well log, seismic and aeromagnetic data) to interpret the anisotropy and structures at the leading edge of the orogenic wedge in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. The data indicate that strength anisotropy influences the development and geometry at the leading edge of the orogenic wedge.

BIOGRAPHY Malcolm has operated a private consulting practice in Calgary completing various projects locally and internationally and teaching field courses. He has also been Geoscience Manager for Shale Petroleum for the past 6 years. Before starting his consulting practice, he spent over 20 years at Schlumberger in a variety of technical roles. Malcolm holds PhD from University of Calgary.

2019 Membership Renewal Make sure your membership is paid and up to date to ensure discounts at upcoming CSPG events and Conferences!

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DIVISION TALKS

STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK Late Mesozoic Reactivation of the Snowbird Tectonic Zone and its Effects on Viking Formation Stratigraphic Architecture SPEAKER Sarah Schultz Geologist – Subsurface Geology & Geohazards, Alberta Geological Survey

Time: 12:00 pm Date: Thursday, December 5, 2019 Location: Province Rooms (2nd Floor), Schlumberger Canada 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary ABSTRACT The Paleoproterozoic Snowbird Tectonic Zone (STZ) is a basement structure that was reactivated during the evolution of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). The STZ is a fault zone in the western Canadian Shield that trends southwest through central Alberta to the Cordilleran deformation front.

Brittle faults associated that parallel this basement structure have propagated up into the overlying Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary cover, affecting the distribution of sedimentary environments as well as resulting stratal architectures. In the late Albian, the convergence of terranes with the western margin of the North American craton led to the reactivation and subsequent differential subsidence within the STZ. During deposition of the Viking Formation, shorelines record significant along-strike variability in orientation as a result of this tectonic reactivation. Additionally, marked changes in the thickness at different intervals of the Viking point to local changes in accommodation space associated with the STZ, complicating the recognition and correlation of stratigraphic surfaces in the study area.

Two conspicuous sequence stratigraphic architectures have resulted due to this tectonic activity and concomitant differential subsidence. The first occurs along the lowstand paleoshoreline trend preserved between the Judy Creek and

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Joarcam fields. At these producing fields, the Viking Formation is 20 – 30 m thick and interpreted to have been deposited in a low accommodation setting. Between the fields (and lying within the STZ), however, an anomalously thick (45 – 60 m) deltaic unit is preserved, recording the creation of accommodation along depositional strike attributed to subtle differential subsidence of the underlying Paleozoic carbonates and Mesozoic siliciclastic units associated with basement reactivation. The timing of such readjustments are well expressed by the progressive distortion of stratigraphic datums internal within the Viking Fm. The second architecture occurs adjacent to the SE fault margin of the STZ. There, the Viking records the concurrent accumulation of transgressive and regressive sedimentary successions, manifest as lateral juxtaposition of stratal packages showing retrogradational and progradational stacking patterns, respectively. The resulting stratal architecture demonstrates marked diachroneity of the maximum flooding surface (MFS) separating the transgressive systems tract from the highstand systems tract.

Incorporating the effects that basement reactivation imposed on the Viking is integral to resolving the complex depositional geometries that are present across the STZ. The fact that convergence of allochthonous terranes along the western margin of the North American craton occurred throughout Mesozoic and Paleogene time suggests that other formations may have been similarly influenced. Results of this study underscore the importance of recognizing the relationships between basement tectonics and stratal evolution of sedimentary systems that is key to resolving complex stratigraphic architectures.

Octavian Catuneanu, University of Alberta

BIOGRAPHY Sarah Schultz currently works as a geologist for the Alberta Geological Survey and is focusing on the mapping of Triassic units in west-central Alberta.

Sarah obtained her BSc Specialization Geology in 2014 from the University of Alberta. She is nearing completion of her PhD at Simon Fraser University, which focuses on creating a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Viking Formation in central Alberta. The results of her PhD thesis have been published in 2 journal articles and presented at 8 conferences.

Co-Authors of the Paper: James A. MacEachern, H. Daniel Gibson, and Shahin E. Dashtgard, Simon Fraser University;

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GEOCOMMUNITY

GEOWOMEN LUNCHEON TALK An Energetic Leader SPEAKER Jen Russel-Houston

Time: 12:00 pm Date: Tuesday, November 26, 2019 Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 5405th Avenue S.W., Calgary ABSTRACT Join GeoWomen of Calgary & the CSEG Mentorship program for a presentation by Jen Russel-Houston, VP of Geoscience and Land at Osum and CSPG President-Elect.

Come and hear Jen’s story about her path to success in the Petroleum Industry. Gain inspiration and insight into the choices, attitudes and so much more that led Dr. Russel-Houston to where she is now.

Houston worked for Shell on both onshore and offshore projects where she developed expertise in reservoir evaluations, thermal production geology, and leading technical teams. As Vice President, Geoscience and Land she oversees Osum’s geoscience evaluations as they relate to current assets and guides the assessment of future potential opportunities of interest to Osum. Dr. Russel-Houston is an active member of APEGA and is the President Elect of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. Jen is most content exploring the mountains with her husband and her two boys, who accommodate her frequent stops to hunt fossils and look at outcrops.

DIVISION INFORMATION For more information on GeoWomen of Calgary, please visit www.geowomen.org

Free Event - Bring your lunch and questions - Everyone is welcome!

GeoWomen of Calgary is a GeoCommunity of the CSPG www.cspg.org

BIOGRAPHY

GeoWomen of Calgary is a member of AWSN www.awsn.org

Dr. Jen Russel-Houston, VP of Geoscience and Land at Osum.

Prior to joining Osum in 2008, Dr. Jen Russel-

Maximum word count for division abstract, biography and information- 600 words

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 CSPG CLASSIC GOLF June 19, 2019 Elbow Springs Golf Club On the morning of June 19, 2019 most of us woke up to a drenching downpour however by tee off time at 8 AM the rain had stopped and allowed the tournament to proceed as scheduled interrupted only sporadically by short periods of scattered showers.

Since 2014 the Classic has been changed to a 27-hole tournament made of three 9-hole matches using 3 different formats: individual, alternate shot and 2-person best ball. Players may register as a team or individually. There is a lunch break between match 2 and match 3 which allows for a time of networking and renewing friendships. It was conceived as an opportunity for sponsors to invite clients and spend the day in a social setting away from the business environment. Under the current regime the tournament can only accommodate 72 registrants.

The following is a list of the winners of the 9 flights: Flight #

Flight Name

Flight Sponsor

Flight Winning Team

Flight 1

Paskapoo

Little Rock Printing

Mike Bell ; David Nordin

Flight 2

Brazeau

geoLOGIC Systems

John Murray ; Brian Fyke

Flight 3

Wapiabi

MJ Systems

Darren Hiscott; Nash Hayward

Flight 4

Bighorn

BMO Capital Markets

Colin Thiessen; Richard Chisholm

Flight 5

Blackstone

ProGeo Consultants

Daryl Curtis; Jeff Dutchak

Flight 6

Mountain Park

Continental Laboratories Ltd

Colby Ruff ; Keith Raskob-Smith

Flight 7

Rocky Mountain

Chinook Consulting Services

Deno Adams ; Foon Der

Flight 8

Palliser

AGAT Laboratories

Ron Hill; David ; Middleton

Flight 9

Pre Cambrian

Typhoon Energy Ltd

Bob Earle; Darren Lazaruk

Other trophies awarded are as follows: • The team judged to have the most fun: Jocelyn Frankow and Jacey Neumann wins the Bainbridge Trophy • The person judged to embody the spirit of the CSPG Classic: Rick Barlett wins the Quinn Memorial Trophy The Classic Golf Tournament thanks the 2019 Sponsors: Diamond Emerald Gold Silver AGAT Laboratories Chinook Consulting Belloy Consulting Cordax Evaluation Technologies geoLOGIC Systems Typhoon Energy MJ Systems Continental Labs Little Rock Printing PROGEO Consultants Pason Systems Keitech Consulting Weatherford RBC Securities Rockwell Consulting BMO Capital Markets Geo-Steering Solutions

Winners of the Paskapoo Flight: David Nordin and Mike Bell

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Winners of the Bainbridge Trophy: Jocelyn Frankow and Jacey Neumann

Winner of the Quinn Memorial Trophy: Rick Bartlett

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 – CSPG MIXED GOLF 30TH ANNIVERSARY TOURNAMENT

By David Middleton & Brenda Pearson 2019 co-chairs, CSPG Mixed Golf Committee The 30th Annual CSPG Mixed Golf tournament was held 23 August without the usual smoke obscured skies and torrential rain that usually plagues our tournament. I think all the golfers were in shock as the cool winds and clouds gave way to sunshine and short sleeve weather to make the tournament a complete hit with all the attendees. We are pleased to report an increase in participation, with 100 golfers attending, and the smiles and good times should help ensure lots of returning golfers in 2020.

The team low net trophy and tournament winner was the team of Karl Mirotchnik, Scott Rayner, Clayton Thompson & Josh Townsend. The low gross score trophy was taken by the team of Justin Besplug, Brian Ard, Randy Smith and Thomas Weedmark, and the Spirit Award “fossil coprolite” trophy went to the most honest team of Scott Erickson, Lori Moores, Maria Neuwirth and Tom Sneddon.

We recognize how our great sponsors came through for this year, and we appreciate each and every one of them. The on-course beverage cart was sponsored by geoLOGIC Systems, who provided much appreciated drinks and food throughout the course. All teams enjoyed a hot breakfast provided by AGAT Laboratories, rode in golf carts sponsored

by Chinook Consulting Services, and benefited from visiting hospitality tents and skill/challenge contests provided by the ProGEO $10,000 hole in one and beat the hack for Flames game tickets(James Ablett/Lisa Stickle) on hole #5, RPS Group Spin the wheel and KP on #8, and the AGAT Laboratories Hole-in-One contest on #17.

Prize holes were additionally sponsored

by Belloy Petroleum Consulting, Chinook Consulting Services, Birchcliff Energy and MJ Systems. We certainly appreciated the prize donations of two sets of clubs, travel bag, and wine & gift card by Typhoon Energy (Foon Der), the framed print and golf balls donated by Hawk Machine Works

(David Clyde), the rounds of golf donated

by XRF Solutions (Thomas Weedmark) and Rockhound Advisory Corp (Tyler Tolton-Ropchan), the golf bag from Rigsat (Terry Phillips), gift cards from Enersoft (Stan Cena) and the always popular Belloy Petroleum Consultants (Brian Fyke) cooler filled with beer.

During the delicious steak banquet dinner, sponsored by McDaniel & Associates Consultants, teams relived the good times and the missed shots that could have put them in contention. In the end, the members, guests, sponsor players and representatives enjoyed a great day catching up with colleagues, making new friends, and succeeded in delivering $2260 to support the CSPG Foundation.

I would like to thank the many sponsors, golfers, and the greens-keeping, pro shop and catering team at Lynx Ridge Golf course and especially the fine organizing committee of co-chair Brenda Pearson

Thank you to our 2019 Mixed Golf Sponsors GOLD

HOLE

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SILVER

PRIZE DONORS Enersoft Hawk Machine Works Rockhound Advisory Typhoon Energy Ltd. XRF Solutions

Printing provided by:

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SOCIETY NEWS

Mixed Golf Low Net Team 2019

Mixed Golf High Gross Team 2019

(registration), Norm Hopkins (trophies), Jeff Boissonneault (sponsorship & signage), Rachel Lea (sponsorship), Darren Hiscott (teams) and Nash Hayward (course prizes) and our CSPG office support from Kristy Casebeer and Emma MacPherson. A big thank you to the geoLOGIC team and to ProGEO Consultants for all the pictures taken at the event. Hopefully, by the time this is published, all the pictures taken by various groups will be on the CSPG website.

Attending members and sponsors overwhelmingly expressed their enthusiastic support for continuation of the event, and we will plan for the tournament in 2020. We look forward to your attendance at next year’s tournament tentatively set for Friday, 21 August 2020 as we celebrate the 31st Annual tournament.

Geologic Sponsored Drink Cart

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STUDENTS! Did you know there is over $15,000 available in CSPG awards and scholarships?!

Please visit www.cspg.org/students for more information