May/June Reservoir 2020

In This Issue...

Closing the Gap III: Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 2018 Gussow #Geohomeschool – Geology Related Activities for Kids $7.00 MAY/JUNE 2020 VOLUME 47, ISSUE 3 Canadian Publication Mail Contract – 40070050

Upcoming Training at CSPG Machine Learning Workshop

August 19, 2020 Instructor: Sunil Garg, dataVedik geoLOGIC Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 8

WCSB Devonian Carbonate Core Workshop: Essential guide to depositional settings and lithologies, with examples from the Clive Leduc CO2 CCS August 25, 2020 Instructors: Eva Drivet, Drivet Geological Consulting Ltd. & David Hills, Enhance Energy Inc AER Core Research Centre | CPD Credits: 7.5

Field Trip to Grassi Lakes - Devonian Leduc equivalent: New perspectives for CO2 CCS August 26, 2020 Instructors: Eva Drivet, Drivet Geological Consulting Ltd. & David Hills, Enhance Energy Inc CPD Credits: 9.5

The Athabasca in situ oil sands: History, Geoscience, Development, Production and Technology

Instructors: Stan Stancliffe and Gord Stabb, Durando Resources Corp.

August 29, 2020 CSPG Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 7.5

Structural Geology Transect in the Eastern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Field Course from Calgary (AB) to Field (BC) September 3, 2020 Instructor: Normand Bégin, Nanook Geo-Exploration Inc. CPD Credits: 9

3D Printing in Geoscience and Engineering: Emerging Technology in Education, Research, and Communication September 3, 2020 Instructors: Sergey Ishutov, Kevin Hodder, Rick Chalaturnyk, University of Alberta geoLOGIC Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 7.5

Introduction to Geosteering

September 24-25, 2020 Instructors: Janelle Springer, ROGII geoLOGIC Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 12

Oil Reservoir Engineering for Geoscientists

October 29, 2020 Instructors: Kamal Malick, P.Eng, TAQA North geoLOGIC Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 7.5

Gas Reservoir Engineering for Geoscientists

October 30, 2020 Instructor: Kamal Malick, P.Eng, TAQA North geoLOGIC Classroom - Aquitaine Tower | CPD Credits: 7.5

www.cspg.org/education

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2020 CSPG OFFICE #150, 540 - 5th Ave SW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 0M2 Tel: 403-264-5610 Web: www.cspg.org Please visit our website for all tickets sales and event/course registrations Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 4:00pm The CSPG Office is Closed the 1st and 3rd Friday of every month.

OFFICE CONTACTS

Membership Inquiries Tel: 403-264-5610 Email: membership@cspg.org Advertising Inquiries: Emma MacPherson Tel: 403-513-1230 Email: emma.macpherson@cspg.org Sponsorship Opportunities: Yarina Moharam Tel: 403-513-1235, Email: yarina.moharam@cspg.org Conference Inquiries: Saundra Diardichuk Tel: 403-513-1238 Email: saundra.diardichuk@cspg.org Accounting Inquiries: Kasandra Amaro Tel: 403-513-1232 Email: kasandra.amaro@cspg.org Education Inquiries: Kristy Casebeer Tel: 403-513-1233 Email: kristy.casebeer@cspg.org Managing Director: Yarina Moharam Tel: 403-513-1235, Email: yarina.moharam@cspg.org

EDITORS/AUTHORS

Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office.

Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date. (e.g. January 23 for the March/April issue) To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size.

CSPG COORDINATING EDITOR

Emma MacPherson, Communications Coordinator, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Tel: 403-513-1230, emma.macpherson@cspg.org

The RESERVOIR is published 6 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. The purpose of the RESERVOIR is to publicize the Society’s many activities and to promote the geosciences. We look for both technical and non-technical material to publish.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the publisher. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office.

No official endorsement or sponsorship by the CSPG is implied for any advertisement, insert, or article that appears in the Reservoir unless otherwise noted. All submitted materials are reviewed by the editor. We reserve the right to edit all submissions, including letters to the Editor. Submissions must include your name, address, and membership number (if applicable).The material contained in this publication is intended for informational use only.

While reasonable care has been taken, authors and the CSPG make no guarantees that any of the equations, schematics, or devices discussed will perform as expected or that they will give the desired results. Some information contained herein may be inaccurate or may vary from standard measurements. The CSPG expressly disclaims any and all liability for the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user of information contained in this publication. Under no circumstances shall the CSPG and its officers, directors, employees, and agents be liable for any injury, loss, damage, or expense arising in any manner whatsoever from the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user.

PRESIDENT Jen Russel-Houston Osum Oil Sands Corp.

PRESIDENT ELECT Neil Watson Enlighten Geoscience Ltd.

president@cspg.org

presidentelect@cspg.org

PAST PRESIDENT Marty Hewitt

FINANCE DIRECTOR Kelty Latos ConocoPhillips Canada Ltd.

pastpresident@cspg.org directorfinance@cspg.org

FINANCE DIRECTOR ELECT Jason Frank Athabasca Oil Corp.

DIRECTOR Kurt Armbruster technicaldivisions@cspg.org

directorfinanceelect@cspg.org DIRECTOR Mona Enachescu Cavalier Energy Inc.

DIRECTOR Amy Fox Enlighten Geoscience Ltd.. education@cspg.org

outreach@cspg.org

DIRECTOR Chad Glemser Paramount Resources

DIRECTOR Kiersten Mohr publications@cspg.org

conferences@cspg.org

DIRECTOR Genga Nadaraju membershipdirector@cspg.org

DIRECTOR Mark Mallamo Acquisition Oil Corp. fieldtrips@cspg.org

Printed by CBN Commercial Services, Calgary, Alberta.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

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Thank you to all of our sponsors Diamond Sponsors

Titanium Sponsors

Platinum Sponsors

Silver Sponsors

Gold Sponsors

Bronze Sponsors

Corporate Supporters Cabra Consulting Ltd. Rockwell Consulting Ridgeback Resources Ltd. Ember Resources Husky Energy Inc. Earth Signal Processing Ltd. Geomodeling Technology Corp.

H2Sweet IEC Holden Inc. Isotopes Canada Pason Systems PrairieSky Royalty Ltd. Rocking Horse Energy Services Inc. Waterline Resources

Enersoft Inc. Katalyst Data Management Keitech Consulting ARC Financial Corporation Athabasca Oil Corporation Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. CAPL CNOOC International Continental Laboratories (1985) Ltd. Geo-Steering Solutions Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Halliburton InPlay Oil Corp.

*As of April 1st Magus Engineering Limited National Oilwell Varco (Varco Canada ULC) Petrocraft Products Ltd. RBC Capital Signature Seismic Processing Inc. Sleeman Breweries Ltd. XRF Solutions Ltd Dynacore Solutions Ltd. Emerson Explor Government of Greenland, Ministry of Industry, Energy and Research Parks Canada

Sigma Explorations ConocoPhillips Canada Limited Midwest Surveys Tri Alta Projects Altura Energy Inc. Newsco Drilling Santos Inc. United Oil and Gas Ltd GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. Eucalyptus Consulting Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MAY/JUNE 2020 – VOLUME 47, ISSUE 3

MONTHLY SPONSORS...............................................................................................4 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR....................................................................................6 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT.............................................................................7 LETTER FROM THE BOARD.....................................................................................8 TECHNICAL ARTICLE Closing the Gap III: Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 2018 Gussow..........................................................................................10 Go Take A Hike.........................................................................................................13 #geohomeschool – Geology Related Activities for Kids........................................17

SOCIETY NEWS CSPG Squash Tournament Wrap-up.....................................................................23 2019 President’s Award............................................................................................24 2019 R.J.W. Douglas Medal Award..........................................................................25 2019 Honourary Membership Award.....................................................................25 2019 Graduate Student Thesis Award – Best M.Sc.................................................28 2019 Graduate Student Thesis Award – Best Ph.D.................................................30

FRONT COVER Mount Allan Syncline, Alberta.

This southeast-facing view illustrates the core of the Mount Allan Syncline near Canmore, Alberta. Sediments of the Cadomin and Gladstone formations have been folded into an overturned syncline in the footwall of the Rundle Thrust (out of the picture to the right). The core of the syncline exhibits a beautiful out-of-syncline thrust fault.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

Photo By: Peter Sutherland

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LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Summer approaches again, hopefully, given the delayed Spring we seem to be having this year.

Tom Sneddon Professional Geologist (Alberta), Professional Geoscientist (B.C.) retired recently as Director of Geoscience and Outreach for APEGA, has been a member of the CSPG for over 40 years, and has pursued a career in geoscience since his university days. He has two degrees – both from Alberta: initially from the University of Calgary in 1969 (B.A. Geography), and from the University of Alberta (M.Sc. in Water Resources, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981). His initial industry experience was with Amoco Canada in 1967-69 as a “Geophysical Professional Assistant” for seismic data management, processing, and seismic section preparations.

Tom has taken his broad geoscience experience – over 30 years of earth sciences experience, including experimental watershed research, hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, oil and gas prospect development, drilling programs, and extensive field work in minerals exploration and development – in both government and industry, and applied it to the promotion of professionalism within the geosciences, through his role at APEGA.

As the prescribed Social Distancing reverie me at my desk, I hear something - what is that sound? The music of helicopter rotor blades thumping over the office. As happens every year about this time, random memories of field trips past come to mind immediately and the heart races. Maps and field book laid out neatly on the bubble ledge of a Hughes 500 (Disclosure – the photo is a Robinson R44 flying over Fairview from a different Adventure!) punctuated with instructions to the pilot and rude interruptions from ATC McMurray. “Can we put down over there, Charley next to the bridge?” - “No prob – Going to get out?”; “Yah, just give me 2 minutes to collect a sample”. “Roger that, get ready to bale out as soon as we touch down”. “Ooops… there is a moose just under the starboard skid. We can sample on the back haul.”

stuff rather than the long hours following the trace of an outcrop or lineations that might be faults or something else unrelated to the rocks underlying the forest. There will be a lot of those conversations during GeoConvention and the 2020 Global Petroleum Show (which is re-branding itself as the Global Energy Show), in their post-COVID-19, post-summer time slots.

The other big conversation this summer will be the newly minted online Reservoir.

See Kiersten Mohr’s take on this change in presentation, later in this edition. Starting with this current edition, all hot links will be live, however the rest of the content will be pretty conventional. Beginning with the September/October edition, some digitalonly content will appear. Stay tuned! There will be more details provided in the July/ August 2020 edition on exactly what to expect.

Summer is in the air, and so is change! As we used to say in Scouts – “Be Prepared”!

Whenever geologists gather, out come the field adventures. We remember the neat

Readers of The RECORDER, The Source, the CSPG Reservoir, and The PEG have seen Tom’s numerous articles on the role of the professional geoscientist.

Book Cliffs Utah

World class outcrop analogue for shoreface-deltaic, fluvial, and tidal-estuarine sandstone reservoirs.

Now booking company-specific, applied geological field trips.

Contact: Dr. Simon A.J. Pattison pattison@bookcliffsgeology.com www.bookcliffsgeology.com

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T.I.H. Consulting Ltd. Geologic Well-Site Supervision

1602 – 5th St N.E. Calgary, AB. T2E 7W3 Phone: 403-233-7729 www.tihconsulting.com e-mail: tih@shaw.ca

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

By Jen Russel-Houston, Osum Oil Sands Corp.

W

hen I wrote in the Jan/ Feb Reservoir about my sailboat and used the quote “We cannot control the wind, but we can adjust our sails” I neglected to mention that I often capsize. Sometimes I tip the boat purposefully to clean out the cobwebs and leaves from winter.

Occasionally, a big wind gusts unexpectedly and if I cannot react quickly enough, the wind blows me right over. When I capsize this way, my heart races, the wind howls, I am suddenly wet and disoriented, and I have to calmly make my way around the boat, up on the centerboard and swing the boat back up and into irons.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

The wind is howling this spring and we are trying to respond calmly and thoughtfully at the CSPG. The staff have now set-up their home offices and with the volunteers are working on rescheduling events and making training and technical division talks available digitally to our members.

The CSPG Core Conference, Technical Luncheons, the student industry field trip (SIFT), and many of our social networking events are postponed until the late summer or fall. The Geoconvention, our annual joint conference with CSEG, and CWLS will now be held August 31-September 2 with an excellent technical program that this year includes GAC-MAC participants.

offering new opportunities to help you stay connected and contribute to your professional growth and knowledge during this time. The digital Reservoir you are reading is one such example. Thank you to Kiersten Mohr (Director of Publications) and Emma McPherson (CSPG staff ) for making our vision a reality.

Every time I capsized in my boat I was able to right it into irons, gather my breath and sail back to the shore. We have found our irons at the CSPG. We will make it back to shore.

Stay safe.

The volunteers and staff at the CSPG are determined to support our members by

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LETTER FROM THE BOARD

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

By Kiersten Mohr G O I N G DIGITAL I have been a member of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists for my entire career. As I look back, I feel grateful for the value that the CSPG has provided to me, not only including the knowledge I have gained, but above all, the connections that I have made and maintained with so many other Geoscientists. In our continually changing industry, the CSPG has been my constant.

Throughout this time, I have always looked forward to receiving my copy of Reservoir, always with a stunning photo on the cover drawing me to immediately tear off the plastic and begin digesting all that was inside. Without fail, the publication was always abundant with new insights from so many geoscientists who I had admired or who I would eventually come to admire throughout my career. This publication provided a regular and reliable portal into all that was new and exciting in both the discipline and industry of Petroleum Geology.

Without a doubt, when I accepted the role of Publications Director, I was both excited and nervous to be taking on accountability for the future of a publication that has been such an integral part of CSPG's history.

If Reservoir had been important to me throughout my career, I was sure it was also a staple for many others. With much excitement and enthusiasm, our team began to dig in and take the time to look critically at our publication to ensure that we continue to provide maximum value to our membership.

Firstly, we carefully considered how geoscientists today are consuming information. It became evident that for many of us, in our fast-paced and busy lives, having information at our fingertips has become the standard. We are digesting information between meetings, at the coffee shop or on the train ride home.

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This realization challenged us to identify new accessibility means of our content to members locally and globally.

Secondly, we explored how the discipline of Geoscience has evolved throughout the last few decades. It is unquestionably clear that geoscientists have embraced technology and are making engaging observations, creating incredible interpretations and visualizing both of these in multiple dimensions. However, currently, to publish in Reservoir, authors need to go through the challenging exercise of distilling their work down into a handful of static photos. We quickly came to realize that more flexibility and a more modern solution was needed to showcase the work of our authors and offer more utility to our readership.

Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, we considered what drives geoscientists.

Reflecting on my career, I am grateful to have connected with so many innovative, passionate and knowledgeable geoscientists. While each person has been unique, the commonalities are clear. Geoscientists are passionately driven to share learnings, respectfully debate and challenge interpretations, showcase prized photographs, and share exciting and challenging discoveries and projects. Taking this into consideration, we realized that perhaps the most significant element missing from the traditionally printed publication of Reservoir, was the opportunity for meaningful connection within the profession.

So, in the fall of 2019, with clarity of vision, the Reservoir publications team embarked on a journey to modernize how the CSPG delivers content. We began investigating multiple pathways that would enable us to take Reservoir to the next level and bring to our membership the convenience, technology, and connection that we desired.

After careful evaluation of the many commercial options available, and driven by our established principles, our team

narrowed in on JooMag Digital Publishing Solutions. JooMag provides an all-in-one digital publishing platform with the ability to create astounding interactive content and the potential to present real-time connections between members around the world. Working closely with the JooMag technical team, we were delighted with the functionality that this well-established platform could bring to the CSPG. Imagine this: What if, instead of a single outcrop photo, you could see a slideshow of high-resolution images? What if you could view each photo in high definition and zoom-in on the details that interest you? What if, instead of a static geomodel image, you could see a walkthrough video of the entire model? What if, instead of just reading, you could ask questions to the author and discuss the content live with other readers? What if you could listen to an interview with an author before reading their article? What if instead of static advertising, you could see videos and click links to new and cutting-edge technology from our sponsors? What if you could purchase luncheon tickets right from your copy of Reservoir? The functionality was endless.

Armed with a great deal of confidence and excitement, the publications team brought forward a proposal to the board in late 2019. We were thrilled to receive unanimous approval and began our formal engagement with JooMag, beginning Reservoir's transition into the digital world.

Agreement in place, we built a plan to transition Reservoir into a digital space for our 2020 Fall issues. Initially, the publications team planned a soft launch for the May/June and July/August issues, with the expectation that, after providing a great deal of notice to our members through the summer months, the publication would transition entirely to a digital format in the fall of 2020.

Unfortunately, as we all know, our world has suddenly changed. The disruptions

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

caused by COVID-19 have compromised our ability to produce a print copy through the Spring and Summer months as we initially planned. The CSPG executive team has worked quickly to ensure that we maintain service to our membership through this uncertain time, deciding to fast track our digital rollout beginning with this issue.

While the reasoning behind the quick switch is unfortunate, the publications team remains incredibly positive and excited to make this transition, and we believe that

T

he Gussow Conference is a singletrack, multiple-day technical meeting hosted by the CSPG with a focused theme.

The conference is typically held in the fall, but with all of the changes to our calendar resulting from COVID-19, Gussow will be postponed until March 2021. Gussow participants will revisit the geology of the Mannville Group and investigate the innovations that have changed how heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs are produced. The co-chairs Mark Caplan (Cenovus), Steve Hubbard

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

it will dramatically increase the value of this publication for our members. We feel grateful for the strong foundations of this publication, allowing our team to adapt quickly and maintain service throughout this uncertain time.

new-and-improved digital Reservoir! *Not interested in a digital Reservoir? No problem! On your next membership renewal, you will see included an option to request a hard copy for a small additional charge per issue.

Without a doubt, this is a significant evolution for the CSPG. I hope that my words here have provided you with an exciting glimpse of what is to come, scratching only the surface of all that we will gain through this transition. Your CSPG Board is thrilled to be bringing you your

(University of Calgary), Jason Lavigne (CNRL), Jen Russel-Houston (Osum Oils Sands), and Michael Webb (Suncor) have designed a technical program that will be of interest to geoscientists and engineers working in the Mannville. From continental-scale depositional systems to the grains of sand impacting completion design, the conference participants will explore the play at all scales with a focus on understanding how geoscience can improve profitability. Speakers will present the most recent results from academic

research and practical case studies from thermal oil sand operators and primary heavy oil producers. A technology and innovation exposition will showcase methods that will optimize your geoscience workflow in the development of heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs. To keep the costs low for participants, the conference will be held in Calgary. Watch for updates from the CSPG on the exact dates and please plan to attend.

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

CLOSING THE GAP III: ADVANCES IN APPLIED GEOMODELING FOR HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS 2018 GUSSOW Conference Special Edition Foreword By: David Garner

T

his special edition is a collection of five technical papers submitted after the 2018 Gussow Conference.

“Closing the Gap III: Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs” covered “must read” topics in the field of Geomodeling. In this foreword, the conference, its theme, and the current state of geomodeling as a distinct technical discipline will be discussed. The papers in this edition address relevant challenges, describe them, and illustrate practical solutions giving paths forward for each of the different situations.

The papers cover subjects such as: 1) the transfer of geological sedimentary concepts to models capturing the concept patterns; 2) sampling outcrops with a relevant list of issues for building properly representative models; 3) fully integrated models with attention to details to address critical physical parameters for the reservoir; 4) adapted multi-variate geostatistical solutions to bypass the disconnect between standard static models and unconventional forecasting; and 5) a clever twist in the practical integration of seismic to guide facies models in oilsands while considering the importance of geobodies to connectivity.

The techniques and workflows in each of these papers can be included in our toolkits and serve to add sophistication to our perspectives on multi-disciplinary problem solving, from rocks to models to engineering applications. Thus, we continue to expand the availability of geomodeling tools for multi-disciplinary studies. Today, geomodeling is an integral part of subsurface collaboration in the petroleum industry. The practices continue to grow and mature. Geomodeling is broadly recognized as a distinct subsurface

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discipline, yet it requires a reasonable level of multidisciplinary expertise, along with what we may well designate as three core competencies (to be described shortly).

In the practice of geomodeling, we draw expertise from diverse subjects such as geology, geostatistics, petrophysics, geophysics, geomechanics and reservoir engineering.

Sophistication and adaptability are key. In most play types, characterizing structure and reservoir heterogeneities through modeling yields a critical set of deliverables, allowing us to work with the geometric and property complexities when planning and forecasting. In unconventional (and to an extent thermal oilsand) developments, the static reservoir heterogeneities are factors in the implementations to be both characterized and mechanically modified.

Each play type, including conventional, on-shore, off-shore and mature, has unique requirements in delivering useful models that address the development purpose.

A team goal is to identify heavyhitting reservoir parameters that will focus characterization and modeling efforts.

Expertise is adapted through open team communication and healthy collaboration. Geomodeling is an enabler.

For proper execution, there are three core competencies underpinning the geomodeling discipline. These are: 1) a foundation in geostatistical theory; 2) skills in geomodeling software applications; and 3) grounding in best practices for appropriate workflow designs based on geosciences and engineering. Geostatistics is a formal academic field of study taught in universities as a degree major.

Industry short courses are readily available for basic theory and application. However, further learning is generally required

to develop a working proficiency. The commercial vendors provide thorough training options for their geomodeling software applications, often with minimal geostatistical theory taught due to time constraints and training priorities. An individual vendor’s specific software implementations can drive aspects of the application workflow training. Best practices are a foundation of core workflow elements in the geomodeling hierarchy.

They are suited to most applications and utilize “rules of thumb”. Building strength in the combination of all three core competencies provides practitioners with sophistication, as well as the ability to adapt and customize as individual career experiences grow. Subsurface teams engaged in growing bench strength in these core areas can improve quality deliverables and timelines.

The five research papers in this special issue, as a sampling of topics, collectively incorporate themes from each of the core competency elements, allowing us to build on our knowledge. There have been three Gussow conferences on Closing the Gap: Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. These were held in Banff in 2011 and 2014, and lastly in Lake Louise in 2018. The Rocky Mountains in Banff Park are a welcoming draw for international participants, and the locale serves as an idyllic natural backdrop where participants can focus energies on the conference.

As chairman for the meetings, I defined the premise that, with the proliferation of geologists applying geomodeling techniques, we recognize gaps that persist between the applications of geomodeling, geostatistics, the software tools, and the appropriate practice of those

RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

TECHNICAL ARTICLE

techniques in the broader community. The multidisciplinary aim was to emphasize the applications and challenges, to expose the difficulties causing pain in our workflows, and to underscore actionable research ready to be implemented today.

The purpose of the meetings was to gather world-wide expertise from practitioners, software vendors and Geostatisticians in order to present and discuss materials to help focus the participants on their path to ensure the continuing success of the geomodeling community.

A goal was to share, engage and expose one another to aspects of the three different elements: theory, implementation, and practice. These events delivered multiple levels of exciting technical discussion around innovations and the use of effective and efficient geomodeling methods, sparking insights for the future. Shared experience is a key to bridging the gap. The participation at each conference included researchers and practitioners from universities, institutions, industry, service companies, government, and societies. The total number of participants had dropped from 134 to 120 to 96 in the latest Closing the Gap. The number of institutions and companies represented went up from 55 to 56 to 62. The diversity and representation increased to attendees traveling from twelve countries on five continents up from six countries on three continents in 2014, and from seven countries on three continents in 2011. Of the three conferences, 2018 saw the widest sampling of experts in geostatistics and geomodelling. The 2018 conference themes were broken into five sessions over three days.

The sessions covered topics which are relevant today and will be actionable tomorrow for our evolving industry: 1) Reservoir Management and Decision Making 2) Integrating Geology in Geomodeling 3) Multi-scale Data and Modeling in Practice

Multi-variate

4) Challenging Properties, Workflows and Case Histories 5) Modeling Uncertainty: What is Next?

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There were 33 oral presentations and 11 posters. Software vendors were solicited and included to present real technical solutions highlighting their software as part of the oral and poster sessions. The benefit for software and service companies was from the novel takeaways, including excellent interaction with the technical attendees and the exchange of quality ideas. Most importantly, Closing the Gap III highlighted the emerging trends in technical themes that will influence strategies for subsurface integrated teams in the future. It is interesting to note that the publicly popular umbrella topics of machine learning and artificial intelligence have been an ongoing technology direction within geostatistics and geomodeling for decades.

In closing, the earth sciences are complex, being an outcome of endeavors to describe nature’s physical processes.

For petroleum development, we attempt to model and predict the confluence of the subsurface interactions with the engineering implementations for extraction of hydrocarbons. The choices of available methods for simulating reservoir parameters are growing. There are trade-offs, depending on goals and information available. Models are made to be useful. Ultimately, economic decisions are made. Petroleum companies ignoring the embodied technical directions of Geomodeling and Geostatistics do so at their peril and may be left behind, technically. Finally, will there be a Closing the Gap IV in 2022?

The public awareness has served to catalyze the focus on growing the actionable applications within our industry. Many volunteers contributed to the conference success and I will name a few. At the CSPG office, Kristy Casebeer was the crucial administrator for the event and venue, making it a success. Emma Macpherson handled the conference website. Lis Bjeld, CSPG Executive Director, provided guidance to the administrative team and ever useful advice to the volunteers. The CSPG Geomodeling Division technical committee members provided much needed support. The conference session co-chairs solicited most of the invited paper presentations from their broad networks.

Enlisting world-reknown experts as technical co-chairs ensured that the technical program came together to fit the themes. The efforts of the editors for this special edition took persistence.

Weishan Ren, consultant and chairman of the Geomodeling Division Committee, organized the papers and guest editors for the publication and was himself a guest editor. Other guest editors were Olena Babak of Cenovus Energy, Eric Niven of Suncor Energy, and Kristin Rohr of the Geological Survey of Canada. The BCPG Editor-in-chiefs, Hairuo Qing (University of Regina) and David Morrow, oversaw the review process. Krista Boyce, the managing editor, kept the publication process progressing. Beverly Ross, the production editor, checked all the boxes to get to the final publication.

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New Issue of the Bulletin 2018 GUSSOW CONFERENCE SPECIAL EDITION Guest Editors: Weishan Ren, Olena Babak, Eric Niven, Kristin Rohr

VIEW ONLINE TODAY WWW.CSPG.ORG/BULLETIN

Table of Contents Foreword: 2018 Gussow Conference Special Edition Closing the Gap III: Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs D. Garner Utilizing sedimentary process-based models as training images for multipoint facies simulations I. Aarnes, H. van der Vegt, R. Hauge, B. Fjellvoll and K. Nordahl Characterization of complex fluvial architecture through outcrop studies – dealing with intrinsic data bias at multiple scales in the pursuit of a representative geomodel S.M. Hudson, S. Meek, B.J. Steeves, A. Bertoch, C. Jolley, A. Treviño and J. Klimek Geological process simulation in 3-D lithofacies modeling: Application in a basin floor fan setting D. Otoo and D. Hodgetts Data analytics and geostatistical workflows for modeling uncertainty in unconventional reservoirs M.J. Pyrcz Uncovering potential of seismic for reservoir characterization in Canadian oil sands O. Babak and J. Gallop

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 3 • MAY/JUNE 2020

TECHNICAL ARTICLE

GO TAKE A HIKE

La Saline Natural Area, north of Fort McMurray Georgia Hoffman, Chris Schneider, and Philip Benham

Trailhead: There are no roads or formal trails to La Saline Natural Area; this trip requires the use of a boat, canoe, or kayak; or you can hire a jet boat or helicopter from Fort McMurray. Launch into the Athabasca River from the east end of the Peter Lougheed Bridge about 50 km north of Fort McMurray on Highway 63, and follow the east bank south (upstream). Go ashore at the north end of an isolated limestone cliff (Station 66 of Norris (1963), UTM Zone 12, 468385E, 6325175N). From there you can walk or portage northeast along the small trail to the west shore of Saline Lake.

The tufa hill lies directly across the lake on the east shore.

Distance: About 9 km from Lougheed Bridge to the outcrop, or about 40 km by river from Fort McMurray. The trail from the outcrop to the lake is about 0.25 km; crossing the lake to the tufa hill is about 0.5 km.

Elevation gain: Less than 5 m along the portage trail; about 15 m to the top of the tufa hill.

La Saline Natural Area includes a tufa hill, salt springs, and a saline lake that is an important spot for migrating waterfowl and shore birds. Isolated outcrops of fossiliferous Devonian limestone lie along its western edge.

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Boating south from the Peter Lougheed Bridge you will pass discontinuous outcrops of the Moberly Member (early Frasnian) of the Waterways Formation along the east bank of the Athabasca River. These outcrops were mapped and described by A. W. Norris (1963), a Métis geologist who travelled the rivers by canoe – camping, fishing, and hunting as he mapped.

The Waterways was deposited in a carbonate platform environment during late Devonian (late Givetian to early Frasnian) time. It was tilted westward during post-Devonian tectonism and, after a period of erosion, the Early Cretaceous (late Barremian to Aptian) McMurray Formation was deposited unconformably on top of it throughout the Fort McMurray area.

Go ashore at Station 66 of Norris (1963), a conspicuous limestone cliff at UTM 468385E, 6325175N. This cliff exposes Moberly Member strata that form a hill between the river and Saline Lake. The hill and the cliff are a positive topographical remnant of the extensive karstification that occurred prior to deposition of the McMurray sands. Take some time to examine this outcrop.

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The Moberly Member can be subdivided into 14 informal units (Schneider and Grobe, 2014). Although nine of them are exposed in the cliff face, only Units 1 and 2 are easily accessible.

Figure 1: The route to the La Saline Natural Area (yellow dashed line), and photo locations (coloured dots).

Image from Google Earth.

Figure 2: The limestone cliff (Moberly Member, Waterways Formation) at Station 66 of Norris (1963). The arrow shows the start of the trail to Saline Lake.

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Figure 3: The stratigraphy of the Moberly Member cliff at Station 66. Numbered beds correspond to stratigraphy in Schneider et al. (2015).

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Figure 4: Bedded and bioturbated (orange staining) argillaceous limestone of Moberly Member unit 1 of Schneider et al. (2015).

Figure 5: Brachiopods, crinoid stems, and a bulbous stromatoporoid (arrow) on a bedding plane in the Moberly Member.

The lowermost 3.3 m of the cliff are the top of Unit 1, which is a recessive, wavy-bedded, burrow-mottled lime mudstone that includes brachiopods, gastropods, and crinoid ossicles. Unit 2 is less argillaceous, more resistant, and about 1.3 m thick. Look for bulbous and branching stromatoporoids, gastropods, and brachiopods, as well as a dark grey, phosphatized hardground that lies about 40 cm above the base of the unit. Thalassinoidesbioturbation is common in both units. If you search the ground, you may find loose brachiopods, gastropods, and stromatoporoids that have weathered from the limestone!

The Waterways is underlain at depth by the Prairie Evaporite Formation (Givetian), a thick sequence of halite (rock salt) and anhydrite with minor beds of gypsum, limestone, dolostone, and shale. As the salt, anhydrite, and gypsum dissolve, the overlying strata, including those of the Waterways, subside and collapse (Schneider, 2011). Some 100–150 m of salt are estimated to have been removed in this area, and the strata collapse has been substantial and, in some cases, catastrophic (Broughton, 2017).

Like all Waterways outcrops in this region, this cliff shows signs of the deformation caused by the strata collapse. On a large scale, the axis of an anticline with gently dipping limbs runs through the hill parallel to the cliff face. On a much smaller scale there are enlarged joints and fractures, some filled with sparry calcite and others stained with bitumen or hematite. Salt dissolution is still active along the Athabasca River today, as you will see at Saline Lake, which is fed in part by salt springs. Hike or portage to the lake via the short trail at the north end of the cliff.

Saline Lake is an oxbow that has been cut off from the Athabasca River. Looking east across it, you will see a bare hill made of tufa, a porous carbonate rock that has formed around some calcareous salt springs. Tufa is much like travertine, but softer and more friable. If you've brought a canoe, kayak or raft, you can paddle across and explore the hill and springs (hiking to the hill is precluded by the surrounding marshes).

Figure 6: The bare hill at the southeast end of Saline Lake consists of tufa, a porous, friable carbonate rock that has formed around the carbonate-rich salt springs.

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Figure 7: A salt spring on the tufa hill. The spring water has a very high total dissolved solids content (Borneuf, 1983).

Figure 8: The porous, friable tufa includes calcite, dolomite, quartz, gypsum, anhydrite, barite, and sulfur (scale in inches).

Dissolution of the soluble minerals in the Prairie Evaporite Formation has proceeded across the region from east to west since the Late Devonian.

The zone of active dissolution (the 'salt scarp’) currently lies just west of the Athabasca River and runs roughly parallel to it. The scarp is estimated to be about 10 km wide, 100 m high, and 300 km long. Salt dissolution, karstification, and strata collapse played a major role in shaping the highly irregular paleotopography of the pre-Cretaceous unconformity surface, which was a significant structural control on the deposition of the overlying McMurray Formation, as well as on the regional groundwater flow systems (Broughton, 2017).

The dolostones of the Keg River Formation (Givetian) are the primary pre-Cretaceous aquifer in the region. Brine travels up from the Deep Basin via this aquifer, mixes with descending Pleistocene to Recent surface recharge, and rises to the surface via fracture systems where the Prairie Evaporite Formation (an aquiclude) is dissolving (Bachu and Underschultz, 1993; Broughton, 2017). At La Saline, the brine surfaces at the contact with the bitumen-saturated sands of the McMurray Formation, which are an aquitard. Dissolved carbon dioxide is then released and some of the minerals precipitate, forming the tufa (Alberta Parks, 2019).

The brine at the tufa hill is a sodium chloride type. Borneuf (1983) reported its total dissolved solids content as 71,400 mg/L, with flow rates of 0.40–0.75 L/s. X-ray analysis of the tufa has shown that it includes calcite, dolomite, quartz, gypsum, anhydrite, barite, and elemental sulfur.

Hydrogen sulfide gas sometimes bubbles from the brine (Borneuf, 1983).

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Figure 9: Brine from the Deep Basin and surface recharge rise from the Keg River Formation aquifer where the Prairie Evaporite (an aquiclude) is dissolving, reaching the surface via fracture systems. At La Saline, the brine surfaces where it meets the bitumen-saturated sands of the McMurray Formation, which are an aquitard. Modified from Broughton (2017). Not to scale.

Figure 10: Gypsum crystals in the tufa (scale in centimetres).

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Figure 11: The salt springs provide minerals that are needed by wildlife. Bioturbation by ungulate hooves is common.

Figure 12: The salt marshes at Saline Lake host rare salt-tolerant plant communities. Note moose tracks on the mud flats.

Saline Lake is an important rest stop for birds that migrate along the Athabasca River. Some, including coots, mallards, widgeons, buffleheads, and green-winged teal, nest on the lake. In summer, migratory shore birds feed on the Daphnia (small planktonic crustaceans) and other small invertebrates that are abundant in the saline waters (Timoney, 2015). Moose and deer are attracted by the salt springs that provide minerals for them (SAPAA, 2019). Geologists visiting the region, including the authors, have noted that the lake also provides optimal beaver, bear, and wolf habitat, based on the abundance of prints and other spoor relative to other Norris (1963) localities. Saline Lake also hosts rare brackish and saline plant communities in its marshes, and the tufa supports rare hypersaline plants (Timoney, 2015).

References • Alberta Parks, 2019; La Saline Natural Area: Information and facilities; available from https://www.albertaparks.ca/parks/northeast/lasaline-na/ [accessed 30 December 2019].

• Bachu, S. and Underschultz, J. R., 1993; Hydrogeology of formation waters, northeastern Alberta Basin; American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 77, p. 1745-1768.

• Borneuf, D., 1983; Springs of Alberta; Alberta Research Council, Earth Sciences Report 83-3, 95 p.

• Broughton, P. L., 2017; Collapse of the Devonian Prairie Evaporite karst in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Structuration of the overlying Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands and regional flow system reversal by subglacial meltwater; In: E.L. Kuniansky and L.E. Spangler (eds.), U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, San Antonio, Texas, May 16-18, 2017, p. 92-106; U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5023, 245 p.; available from https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5023/sir20175023.pdf [accessed 13 March 2020].

• Norris, A. W., 1963; Devonian stratigraphy of northeastern Alberta and northwestern Saskatchewan; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 311, 168 p.

• SAPAA (Stewards of Alberta's Protected Areas Association), 2019; La Saline Natural Area; Available from http://sapaastewards.com/PAInfo/NaturalAreas/OC/La%20Saline/La%20Saline%20info.pdf [accessed 30 December 2019].

• Schneider, C. L., 2011; Effects of Prairie Formation salt dissolution on the overlying Waterways Formation in northeastern Alberta; Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta; Annual Convention 2011, extended abstract, 4 p.

• Schneider, C. L. and Grobe, M., 2014; Structural deformation and karst in the Devonian Waterways Formation: Examples from outcrops along the Athabasca River; Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta; Annual Convention 2014, extended abstract, 4 p.

• Schneider, C. L., Grobe, M., Leighton, L. R., Hauck, T. E., and Forcino, F., 2015; Outcrops of the Upper Devonian Moberly Member (Waterways Formation) on the Athabasca River north of Fort McMurray, Alberta (NTS 74D/14, 74E/3, and 74E/4). Alberta Energy Regulator / Alberta Geological Survey Open File Report 2015-02, 73 p.

• Timoney, K. P., 2015; Impaired wetlands in a damaged landscape: The legacy of bitumen exploitation in Canada; Springer, New York, 232 p.

GO TAKE A HIKE REQUEST FOR SUBMISSIONS: Now that the volume of past CSPG Go Take a Hike (GTAH) articles has been compiled and published, we are refocusing on new articles for the CSPG Reservoir. Although Alberta remains the centre of attention, we are happy to receive submissions for areas in other provinces and throughout the world.

Before you start to write, please check with series editor Philip Benham (Philip.Benham@shell.com) to ensure that there is no duplication of articles. Philip will provide guidance and a template to use so that all hikes will have a similar format. If you wish to try your hand at an article but don’t have a location in mind, Philip can provide suggestions. GTAH is intended to be a ‘living’ project and CSPG is looking at an ongoing digital presence for articles after their publication in the Reservoir. Stay tuned!

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#GEOHOMESCHOOL – GEOLOGY RELATED ACTIVITIES FOR KIDS

By Jon Noad, Sedimental Services In these difficult times, many of us with children are struggling to find ways to entertain them while hopefully imbuing them with a little wisdom. All the museums and provincial parks are closed, so it is clearly necessary to find other options.

This is what led me to start the Twitter feed #geohomeschool. Your child may not end up as a fully qualified geologist, but hopefully trying some of the suggested activities below will introduce them to geology despite themselves. Each of these bite sized tasks should take around one to two hours and they are designed to be suitable for kids of all ages. My daughter Arizona, age 8, and I have road tested them over the last three weeks, usually in Arctic temperatures (most are outdoor), and we can recommend giving them a try.

Hopefully you will consider trying them out even once the “stay at home” edict is lifted.

The aim is to make them educational and fun at the same time!

also got to grips with, and she was able to see how far two benches were apart using the map and a ruler. We took bearings on the chimney of the Colonel Walker House from two different points at the ends of the survey, to give us an idea of the errors in our readings. When we got home we had lunch (essential fuel for junior surveyors) and then plotted up the final version of the map using a protractor and ruler. To be completely honest I took the lead in plotting up the map, but Arizona helped and made the map look beautiful. You can see our draft and final maps in Figures 3 and 4, and Figure 5 shows the Google Maps version of the lake. We compared this satellite map to our map (more learnings there) to see how accurate our map turned out to be.

Figure 3

Day 1 Lake mapping We visited the Inglewood Bird Sanctuary with compass and notebook in hand.

I explained the concept of measuring direction and distance, going to that spot and then repeating the action. We tested how long our paces were to save using a tape measure, and then chose a fixed point (the point where the bridge joined the path) to begin our survey. We were a little thrown by the bridge being made of iron (sending the compass haywire), but were eventually able to map out a portion of the lake. Arizona read off the compass bearings (Figure 1) as well as taking notes on any animal traces, including beaver droppings and coyote dung (Figure 2). I paced out the straight line distance to where the lake edge (and path) made a turn, and then we wrote up the results before taking our next bearing.

We plotted up the preliminary results on our draft map, using a very convenient 1:1000 (1 centimetre equals 10 metres) scale. This was something that Arizona

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Figure 4

Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 5

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Day 2 Fossil familiarization Fortunately, I had an old set of fossil casts kicking around the house (Figures 6 and 7). These are readily available through Ebay or from geological suppliers such as UKGE (www.ukge.com or www. geologysuperstore.com ). We spent a relaxed afternoon at home going through each of the fossil casts – Arizona already knew quite a few of them. We then drew some sketches of how each of the animals lived, in order to fix the ideas in her mind.

Finally, we tested her newfound knowledge and identification skills using some real fossils from “the collection”. As we will see, this knowledge would come in very useful on Day 5.

Figure 6

Figure 7

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Day 3 How big is your river?

Some of the concepts introduced during #geohomeschool would test the understanding of an adult, yet did not seem to faze an eight year old. We visited Confluence Park in Beddington (Figure 8) to investigate ancient rivers. It was snowing (with wind chill it was -20 degrees) but we had fun anyway (tip - never forget your snow pants and a snack!). What is nice about this little glacial valley is that you can examine Nose Creek and estimate its width and depth. You can also see clearly that it is a meandering river (Figure 9). Then

you can go to two contrasting outcrops of the Paskapoo Sandstone and see a much larger meandering channel at one locality (Figure 10), and some channels that are almost exactly the same size as Nose Creek at the second stop (Figure 11). Plus you can talk about cross-beds, point bars… ok, I was losing her attention, so we did a little fossil hunting instead and found some bivalves (Figure 12) and a possible fish poo (coprolite, which we later told Grandma all about). We also looked at Split Rock (Figure 13), which has some child friendly climbing potential.

Figure 12

Figure 8

Figure 10

Figure 9

Figure 11

Figure 13

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Day 4 What to do with all your corks?

One of the joys remaining to us right now is enjoying a bottle of wine, and over time it is possible to build up quite the cork collection (yes really). One thing to do with your spare corks, and another indoor activity for a really foul weather day, is to grab a packet of kebab sticks and use them and the corks to build a dinosaur skeleton. We researched what a real dinosaur skeleton looked like (you can use books or go online) and tried to match it.

Unfortunately, the corks are quite solid, so pushing the sticks in needed some adult assistance, but our final model still felt like a success (Figure 14). We followed this up with one of those scraper kits…because we need another dinosaur in our house like a fish needs a bicycle. We ended up using the (real) geological hammer to speed up the excavation (Figure 15) and reconstructed a lovely Stegosaurus skeleton (Figure 16) to be “friends” with Corky the longneck.

Figure 14

Figure 16

Figure 15

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Day 5 Grocery fossil safari Fossil hunting is how I first got into geology, and it continues to hold a fascination for many kids. My daughter is no exception, and so the intrepid young geologist and I headed out to Bite, our local grocery store.

The cladding for this building is Ordovician Tyndall Stone, mined in Manitoba and shipped all over Canada. We spent two hours spotting fossils (Figure 17, 18, 19), drawing them in our notebooks (Figure 20) and counting their relative abundance. It was actually a blast, although we got some odd looks from passers by. We found at least 13 different species (Arizona is clearly a “splitter” when it comes to differentiating types of fossil), and once back home I showed Arizona how to reconstruct the Ordovician seafloor. She did an awesome job drawing both field sketches and her final interpretation (Figure 21).

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 19

Figure 20 Figure 21

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Day 6 Neoichnology for kids One of my favourite aspects of sedimentology is ichnology, the study of trace fossils. We decided to make another visit to the Bird Sanctuary this week to investigate modern traces. We found several types of footprints preserved in the snow, some of which we observed in the process of being made, helping us to nail down identifications. There were lots of magpie tracks (Figure 22) and rabbit trackways (Figure 23), as well as squirrel, goose, plover and deer tracks.

We also thought about the actions of the animals that made them, especially those that showed changes in direction. We even found a trackway where a rabbit had stopped to look around and then carried on running. Arizona also found beaver gnaw marks (Figure 24), a beaver dam and goose poop (Figure 25), which we had a good chuckle about as we drew it into our notebooks. We also observed some great animal behaviour including an eagle knocking a seagull out of the air, which was then usurped by a crow; two flickers sparring; and courting geese rotating their heads in unison. We plan to put together a summary sketch later this week.

Figure 22

Figure 23

Summary These diverse activities have given Arizona and I the chance to bond, for her to see what I do all day (sort of, anyway), and most importantly are a valuable step in teaching her how to observe. I am sure that you can think of many more ideas along the same lines, and hope that this article will pique your interest. There are many more options online, including virtual museum visits, webinars for kids and videos, but to my mind nothing can beat getting outside and seeing for yourself… even when it is snowing and chilly. To finish, my daughter wanted me to add a final photo, of a goose in a tree, just because (Figure 26).

Figure 26

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Figure 24

Figure 25

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SOCIETY NEWS

CSPG SQUASH TOURNAMENT WRAP-UP By: Jay Williams The 37th Annual CSPG Squash Tournament was held on March 5th, 6th and 7th at the Bow Valley Club. The tournament was a great success this year with over 80 participants. A good time was had by all and there were some impressive skills shown on and off the court.

Men's E Winner: Nolan Hanna Runner-up: Terry Phillips

This year’s winners were: Men's A/B Winner: Graham Kerford Runner-up: Dell Pohlman

Women's C/D Winner: Danielle Demmans Runner-up: Melissa Williams

Men's C Winner: Dino Zelantini Runner-up: Colin Thiessen Men's D Winner: Corey Shearer Runner-up: Mitchell Gillrie

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Women's A/B Winner: Andrea Henry Runner-up: Ann Burrage

Women's E Winner: Riley Medd Runner-up: Le Huynh Doubles Competitive Winner: Gord Copp & Ian Young Runner-up: Dell Pohlman & Neil Pohlman

Doubles Recreational Winner: Luc Gravel & Jordan Vandean Runner-up: Colin Thiessen & Kent Wilkinson Best Costume Singles Winner: Le Huynh Doubles Winner: Luc Gravel & Jordan Vandean Cindy Riediger “Spirit” Award Chris Thompson The tournament was held at the Bow Valley Club, which was an excellent venue for the Squash event. A big thank you to the Bow Valley Club and Staff and all our wonderful tournament sponsors.

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 PRESIDENT’S AWARD The President’s Award is CSPG’s most prestigious form of volunteer recognition. It is presented for sustained and distinguished service to the Society. Recipients are selected by the President at the end of their term.

Past winners share the traits of providing exemplary leadership in a variety of roles and capacities that the Society recognizes as a model of service and achievement to be emulated. Many recipients continue their contributions to Society programs and events such that this award often provides a milestone in a distinguished career of exemplary membership.

President of BJT Geoscience Associates Limited, a consultancy focused on delivering excellence in geoscience, engineering, earth sciences and field staff training. Previously, Tom was the Director of Geoscience and Outreach for APEGA. He has been a member of the CSPG for 53 years and has pursued a career in geoscience since his university days. He has two degrees – both from Alberta - initially from the University of Calgary in 1969 (B.A. Geography), and from the University of Alberta (M.Sc. in Water Resources, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981).

The recipient of the 2019 President’s Award, as chosen by 2019 CSPG President Marty Hewitt, is Tom Sneddon.

Tom is currently the editor of The Reservoir and is being recognized with this year’s President’s Award for his years of service to the CSPG as well as his contributions to other Canadian technical societies and his promotion and support of individuals pursuing a professional career in the geosciences.

His initial industry experience was with Amoco Canada in 1967-69 as a “Geophysical Professional Assistant” for seismic data management, processing, and seismic section preparations. That was followed by seven years in Ottawa as an assistant administrator in the Ministry of Labor, and approximately 15 years with the Government of Alberta (with Environment and Alberta Energy) – where his projects included a wide range of geoscience projects.

Tom is a Professional Geologist in Alberta and Professional Geoscientist in British Columbia and is the founder, CEO &

Tom has taken his broad geoscience experience – over 30 years of earth sciences experience, including experimental

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watershed research, hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, oil and gas prospect development, drilling programs, and extensive field work in minerals exploration and development – in both government and industry, and applied it to the promotion of professionalism within the geosciences, through his role at APEGA and now at his consultancy and well as in his volunteer initiatives.

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 R.J.W. DOUGLAS MEDAL AWARD The R.J.W. Douglas Medal was established by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists in 1980 to honour the memory of one of Canada's outstanding geologists, Dr. Robert J.W. Douglas. It recognizes those who best emulate the scientific qualities of this extraordinary geologist. This medal is awarded annually by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists to an individual for outstanding scientific contributions to the understanding of sedimentary geology and, just as importantly, commending major contributions to regional tectonics and structural geology that are important to petroleum geology in Canada.

of Dr. R.J.W. Douglas through her careful fieldwork, detailed multi-disciplinary laboratory studies, regional analyses, and her love of stratigraphy, structure and tectonics.

Award sponsored by:

Dr. Carol Evenchick is a distinguished geoscientist whose careful and detailed studies carried out over 30+ years with the Geological Survey of Canada have led to important advances in understanding the nature and timing of Jurassic — Cretaceous tectonic events that formed the central Canadian Cordillera, and the response of intramontane sedimentary basins to these tectonic events.

Through regional mapping, her work defined stratigraphic units and structural styles of the Bowser Basin and refined the geological framework of the Sustut Basin.

Collectively this provided essential context for interpretation of basin-wide laboratory studies conducted in collaboration with government, academic, and industry partners. Her research has been used to improve knowledge of natural resources and establish the petroleum systems of the Bowser and Sustut basins. Dr. Evenchick disseminated results to the geological community in numerous papers on the depositional and structural histories of these basins and their implications for the tectonic evolution of the Canadian Cordillera. She has published multiple datasets and more than 45 geological maps at a variety of scales, including panbasin compilations. More recently, Dr. Evenchick has mapped in the Sverdrup Basin of the Canadian High Arctic where she clarified a number of contentious stratigraphic relationships and refined our knowledge of the timing of magmatism.

She truly emulates the scientific qualities

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 HONOURARY MEMBERSHIP AWARD Honorary Membership is the oldest award bestowed by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. Any person who has contributed distinguished service to the cause of energy geosciences in eligible for membership as an Honorary Member.

Recipients are persons who have made outstanding contributions to the society or geologists or other earth scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the cause of petroleum geology on a national or international basis. Past Presidents of CSPG are given honorary membership at the age of retirement with automatic consideration for honorary membership being given earlier (i.e. at the end of their three-year term) on the basis of the preceding criteria.

Dr. David W. Morrow is an outstanding recipient for Honorary Membership in the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists based on his significant contributions to our Society and to our understanding of northern Canadian geology relevant to the petroleum industry.

Throughout Dr. Morrow’s career he has made a number of exemplary contributions to the CSPG as a scientific contributor, scientific editor and committee member.

For his volunteer efforts he has been recognized with a number of the Society’s Volunteer Awards, including a Tracks Award in 2018. In the same year, the

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cumulative significance of his technical contributions were recognized by receiving the prestigious R.J.W. Douglas Medal.

As a scientific contributor he has given highly informative talks at our conventions and Technical Division meetings, chaired technical sessions at our conventions and led field trips to mainland northern Canada. Dr. Morrow has been an active member on a number of CSPG committees including the Link Award Committee, Continuing Education Committee, Sedimentology Technical Division, Thesis Award Committee, Organizing Committee 2nd International Devonian Symposium and a lead in the Stratigraphic Lexicon Committee (and its predecessor the Historical Publication Committee) on Geologic Names of the MacKenzie and Yukon. Additionally, David served as a board member (Secretary) to the Executive.

In Dr. Morrow’s professional and scientific capacities, he has consistently been a champion of carefully documented scientific data and knowledge transfer.

Besides being an outstanding scientific contributor, including publishing exemplary composed and illustrated articles published in the Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (BCPG), he has been an Associate Editor and most recently its Chief Editor. Here he applied his personal high standards to thoroughness and technical excellence. Just as importantly, not only did he get the Bulletin back being published on time but also getting the Bulletin restored on the critical Thomas-Reuters journal impact scoring system for science journals. In doing so he exceeded everyone’s expectations as to how fast it could be done, an accomplishment noted in a special letter from the CSPG President. Clearly Dr. Morrow established a new standard for succeeding Chief Editors of the CSPG Bulletin to follow.

Dr. Morrow has had a very active career as a field geologist and as a researcher with the Geological Survey of Canada Calgary. He is an outstanding example of the regional geologist with a record of highly significant accomplishments in the

mapping and interpretation of the Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy of the northern Cordillera, with a particular specialization in the Devonian System of the Yukon stable Block and Northwest Territories. David Morrow is recognized internationally as the foremost expert on Devonian stratigraphy and a leading expert on lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and general geology for the northern Canadian Mainland. His work is an incredible achievement of tectonicstratigraphic analysis, regional tectonic synthesis, and basin analysis including heat flow and thermal maturation. Collectively Dr. Morrow’s publications, including GSC Open Files, will be the ‘bible’ for those trying to extend future petroleum exploration and resource development into the northern Mainland and on to the MacKenzie Delta and the Beaufort Sea. Dr. Morrow is an internationally acknowledged expert on all aspects of dolomitization including the characterization and analysis of dolomitization, with an emphasis on hydrothermal dolomitization, as exemplified by the Manetoe and Presqu’ile dolostones. His studies have emphasized factors controlling the occurrence and origin of these hydrothermal dolostones and their role as reservoirs of natural gas. He is Canada’s foremost expert in understanding this type of dolomite reservoirs, both in the petroleum industry and also in Mississippi Valley Pb-Zn deposits. More recently he has provided unequivocal evidence concerning the controversial origin of ‘zebra’ and ‘boxwork’ dolomites commonly associate with hydrothermal dolomite petroleum reservoirs. His field work, modelling and theoretical studies have led to significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the process of regional dolomitization, a subject of first importance in the study of carbonate reservoirs worldwide.

The reputation of the CSPG is greatly enhanced by bestowing a Honorary Membership on such a world-class geologist as Dr. Morrow. We therefore welcome Dr. David W. Morrow into CSPG Honorary Membership.

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SOCIETY NEWS

role in Petro-Canada’s Frontier & International Strategic Planning Group.

In 1994, Marty returned to Petro-Canada’s Frontier Exploration Group assessing new opportunities offshore Newfoundland and Nova Scotia as well as in selected international basins, most notably in Norway. In 1997, Marty moved back into the Frontier Development Group and was the geoscience lead for Petro-Canada’s non-operated East Coast and Norwegian assets.

The CSPG recognizes Martin Douglas Hewitt as an Honourary Member of the Society. Marty is being recognized for his career long contributions to the Society over a span more than 35 years culminating with his year as President in 2019.

Born in Hamilton, Ontario in 1959, Marty developed a strong interest in both urban and physical geography in his high school years and decided to become a geologist when his cousin, Brian Pratt, a professor of geology at the University of Saskatchewan, had excited Marty about the science. This was combined with his love of the outdoors from his many trips with his parents, Joan and Douglas Hewitt, to the New England states as a child.

Marty concluded his undergraduate schooling at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario and completed an undergraduate thesis under Dr. Gerry Middleton.

After graduating in 1982, Marty accepted a full-time job with Petro-Canada and worked as a geologist in their Calgary office exploring and developing assets in northeast British Columbia and northwestern Alberta. In 1987, Marty was assigned to Petro-Canada’s Frontier Development Group to work on the PetroCanada-operated Terra Nova development project, offshore Newfoundland.

During that same period, Marty returned to school and obtained an MBA from the University of Calgary and in 1992, Marty was assigned a business development

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In 2000, Marty made his first move, to PanCanadian Petroleum, to work for Gerry Macey’s highly successful Gulf of Mexico exploration team, initially as a geologist, then as a Team Lead working on exploration and development in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico during which time PanCanadian participated in several of ChevronTexaco’s discoveries including Tahiti in 2002. After the formation of EnCana Corporation in 2002, Marty moved from the Gulf of Mexico to manage EnCana’s Alaska assets until 2004 when he moved to the role of development Group Lead for the EnCana-operated Weyburn miscible flood in the Williston Basin, southeastern Saskatchewan.

with Honourary Membership in 2014.

Today, Marty and his wife Anne along with their two children, Joey and Katie, who are now young adults, all live in Calgary. Marty and Anne are passionate golfers and are members of Pinebrook Golf and Country Club.

I’m honored to prepare this far too brief summary of the life and career of my friend and colleague. Marty is a very caring person, who is both respected in the geological community and is known by all as an honest, intelligent, businesslike geologist who works hard, gives back to this community and is very deserving of Honourary Membership in the CSPG.

By John Hogg, CSPG Honourary Member

In 2006, Marty moved to Nexen as a Division Manager to work in their International Business Development group. Marty was then promoted to the role of General Manager of International Planning and Economics. In 2008, Marty moved to Dallas and later, Houston, Texas as Exploration Manager for Nexen’s Gulf of Mexico assets.

Marty retired from Nexen in 2013 and returned to Calgary.

Marty’s involvement with CSPG began in 1983 when he volunteered for the Publications Sales Committee.

From that humble beginning Marty spent a considerable amount of volunteer time in the CSPG working on field trips, SIFT, Mixed Golf and Conventions. Marty was General Vice-Chair of the AAPG/CSPG Convention in 2005, on the Executive as the Finance Director that same year and has served the last three years as PresidentElect, President and Past President of our Society. Marty was honoured to receive the CSPG President’s Award in 2005.

Along with his CSPG service, Marty has been a tireless worker for the AAPG throughout his career and was recognized

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 GRADUATE STUDENT THESIS AWARD – BEST M.SC. The recipient of the 2019 CSPG Best M.Sc. Thesis award is Kienan Marion. Her thesis, entitled Integrating Petrophysics and Allostratigraphy to Find Sweet Spots in the Upper Cretaceous Belle Fourche and Second White Specks Alloformations, West-Central Alberta, Canada, was supervised by Dr. Burns Cheadle at the University of Western Ontario. Funding for this research was provided by Husky Energy, Devon Canada Corporation, and Tuzo Energy; a SPWLA Foundation Grant and an AAPG Grantsin-Aid Award in 2016 provided additional financial support.

Kienan is a graduate of the University of Western Ontario (B.Sc. Geology ‘14, M.Sc. Geology ‘18). She completed geoscience and petrophysical internships at NAL Resources, Imperial Oil, and Shell Canada throughout her education, and spent some time as a geologist at GLJPC. Currently, Kienan is a consulting geologist with Purlin Consulting Inc. Using a novel combination of allostratigraphy and petrophysical modelling, Kienan demonstrated that stratigraphic architecture, brittle rock behavior, and enhanced depositional porosity all significantly impact the viability of the Second White Specks tight oil play in Alberta.

The calcareous and organic-rich mudstones of the lower Cretaceous Colorado Group represent a major unexploited hydrocarbon resource for light oil in the Western Canada

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Sedimentary Basin of Alberta. In particular, the Cenomanian through early Turonianaged Second White Specks Formation has an estimated OOIP of 450 billion barrels.

Despite tantalizing results from certain Second White Specks-targeted vertical wells (>100,000 BOE; exceptionally >1,000,000 BOE), Second White Specks horizontals have been plagued with issues like severe wellbore instability, lost circulation, and high-pressure kicks. Moreover, the nonbrittle and clay-rich nature of the Second White Specks has made it very difficult to produce consistently from horizontal wells at commercial rates – fractures are required for oil to flow through the rock matrix, as the formation has extremely low permeability (<1 mD). These issues have prevented widespread pursuit of the Second White Specks as a viable resource play in Canada.

This thesis sought to answer the following question: can we reliably predict what geographic areas and stratigraphic zones are more likely to produce consistently well from the Second White Specks Formation, and why? It was hypothesized that areas with higher relative brittleness (increased silica and carbonate content) and higher effective porosity would co-locate with improved inflow performance from the Second White Specks Formation, as they are more likely to be naturally fractured. Brittle behaviour and fracability is enhanced in

mudstone reservoirs with significant silica, feldspar, or carbonate content, because calcareous and siliceous minerals (except for clay minerals) impart their brittle characteristics to their host rocks. Focusing in the Willesden Green and Gilby regions of west-central Alberta (Township 35-45, R1-10W5), the “sweet spotting” method outlined in this thesis involves overlaying maps of petrophysically-modelled properties related to storage capacity and fracability (i.e.: thickness, clay volume, TOC, kerogen-corrected effective porosity, and brittleness) that are confined within coeval depositional units (allomembers).

The interval of interest, which was constrained below by the K1 disconformity and above by the allomember VII flooding surface from Tyagi et al. (2007), was subdivided into four allomembers (BF1, BF2, BF3, and Allomember VII) that are assumed to represent coeval depositional units within the Second White Specks alloformation (Figure 1). Facies observed in this study are consistent with a distal to mid-shelf, marine, low-gradient ramp setting in a shallow (40 to 70 m water depth) epicontinental sea, wherein sediments were transported offshore by stormgenerated combined flows.

The contact between the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks alloformation,

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SOCIETY NEWS

capped by the “red” bentonite and spanning the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, was observed to be unconformable across the study area. The top of allomember BF3 was, at times, truncated by this unconformity.

Across this unconformity, the depositional style of lower Colorado Group allomembers subtly change: in the Belle Fourche alloformation, coarser-grained “reservoir” facies do not exhibit a high degree of amalgamation; in the Second White Specks Formation, by comparison, a higher degree of amalgamation and vertical stacking of coarser-grained facies was observed.

This results in increased reservoir facies thickness in allomember VII relative to allomembers from the Belle Fourche (BF1, BF2, and BF3). Beyond its depositional implications, the presence of an erosional unconformity at the CenomanianTuronian boundary has major implications for vertically stacked pay (Figure 1).

Prior to this work, no static petrophysical models of the Second White Specks and Belle Fourche alloformations had been published. Previous workers characterized regional variations in reservoir quality and lithology based on maps of average wireline log values and core analyses, which cannot adequately capture the lithological complexity of these organicrich mudstones. Variations in reservoir quality were revealed when petrophysical properties were confined to allomembers, suggesting they may be depositionallycontrolled.

The sweet spot maps generated in this thesis (e.g.: Figure 2) reveal regions where modelled petrophysical properties colocate with successful producing wells from allomembers BF3 and VII. Producing wells for allomembers BF3 and VII can be broadly separated by township 39. North of township 39, elevated porosity-thickness and brittleness overlap with reduced clay content and improved well performance – this is likely due to the presence of thick, relatively porous and brittle reservoir that became naturally fractured. South of township 39, sweet spots are constrained best by modelled TOC. These fairways have not been previously delineated in any currently published studies. Using the workflow outlined in this thesis could increase the likelihood of drilling successful wells in similar exploration scenarios that suffer from a paucity of data.

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Fig 2: North of township 39, sweet spots are defined by regions where elevated porosity-thickness (orange) and brittleness (purple) coincide with reduced clay content (grey).These petrophysical properties define regions where well productivity from the Second White Specks interval is historically higher.Vertical wells that experienced increased production in these areas are attributed to thicker units of porous and permeable reservoir that was likely naturally fractured.

This thesis is available for download from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5440/

Award sponsored by:

References: Tyagi, A., Plint, A.G., and McNeil, D.H. 2007. Correlation of physical surfaces, bentonites, and biozones in the Cretaceous Colorado Group from the Alberta Foothills to southwest Saskatchewan, and a revision of the Belle Fourche - Second White Specks formational boundary. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44: pp. 871-888. doi: 10.1139/E07-004

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SOCIETY NEWS

2019 GRADUATE STUDENT THESIS AWARD – BEST PH.D.

T

he recipient of the 2019 Ph.D. thesis award is Cynthia Hagstrom.

Her thesis, entitled “Stratigraphic Architecture and Lithofacies Distribution in Meander-belt Deposits, South Saskatchewan River and Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Alberta”, was supervised by Dr. Stephen Hubbard at the University of Calgary. Financial support was provided by the McMurray Research Consortium, CNOOC International, and an NSERC Discovery grant to Dr. Hubbard.

Cynthia has worked at CNOOC International (formerly Nexen Energy) since 2004 and is presently a sedimentologist with the Atlantic Canada offshore exploration team.

Cynthia’s research focused on the fluvial stratigraphy and sedimentology of the McMurray Formation in the southern Athabasca Oil Sands region. The McMurray Formation is the main bitumen reservoir in this area and dominantly comprised of heterolithic point-bar deposits contained within regionally extensive meander belts.

The influence of meander-belt geometry and point-bar stratigraphic architecture on lithofacies distribution in these pointbar deposits is poorly understood, despite the potentially adverse effects lithological heterogeneities have on reservoir fluid volume and movement.

The goals of the project were to: (1) investigate McMurray Formation channelbody (e.g., meander-belt) geometry and facies to identify linkages to reservoir

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distribution or quality; (2) establish a relationship between accretion-package geometry, migration style, and lithofacies distribution in McMurray Formation point-bar deposits; and (3) characterize and quantify point-bar sedimentation and erosion that occurs in meandering rivers during high-magnitude floods, events during which point-bar growth or retreat typically occur.

A revised stratigraphic framework for the McMurray Formation was used to identify and delineate discrete channel bodies at multiple stratigraphic levels over a distance of 150 km, allowing for a regional comparison of their sedimentological and morphological features, and reservoir properties (Fig. 1). This work concluded that although average McMurray Formation channelbody thickness varies regionally and temporally, average reservoir parameters are generally consistent between all channel bodies. This information will enable better field analogue selection to evaluate and compare bitumen-producing assets. Furthermore, the regional mapping provides a foundation for investigations of upstream-downstream sedimentological, ichnological, and morphological trends in the strata that could shed light on the formative sedimentary processes that shaped deposits of the McMurray Formation.

In fluvial reservoirs like the McMurray Formation, understanding intra-pointbar lithological variability is imperative due to its potentially adverse effects on reservoir fluid volume and movement. A 3-D seismic dataset and dense wellbore penetrations were used to investigate the relationship between accretion-package geometry, migration style, and lithofacies distribution in McMurray Formation point-bar deposits. Detailed geological mapping showed that these deposits have distinct intra-point-bar lithological heterogeneities that typically occur across discontinuity surfaces bounding point-bar accretion packages (Fig. 2). Thus, seismic time-slice images can be used to predict the position of planform lithological

Figure 1. Map of the southern Athabasca Oil Sands Region overlain with McMurray Formation channel bodies (oldest to youngest): C (purple), B2 (blue), B1 (green), and A2 (red). Locations of commercial steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) projects are shown in yellow. heterogeneities in McMurray point-bar deposits, enabling prediction of reservoir compartmentalization.

Extreme floods in fluvial systems are important drivers of geomorphological change.

Linking flood-induced geomorphological change to pointbar sedimentology provides important information about the sedimentary facies deposited during flood events, when pointbar accretion and retreat often occur. In June 2013, there was a 1 in 100-year flood of the South Saskatchewan River; Police Point Park, a modern point-bar deposit located in Medicine Hat, Alberta, was nearly entirely inundated with floodwaters.

This high-discharge event inspired a comprehensive analysis of point-bar erosion and sedimentation caused by an extreme flood in a mixed sand and gravelbed river (Fig. 3). Cynthia’s research concluded that although extreme floods in meandering rivers are often catalysts for pronounced geomorphological change, an extreme-flood deposit on a point bar in a sand and gravel-bed meandering

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SOCIETY NEWS

Figure 2. (A) Seismic horizon slice of McMurray Formation point-bar deposit with interpreted outline of point bar and abandoned channel (red). Dashed line – bar apex. (B) Line trace drawing with rose diagrams displaying the dip direction of IHS bedding (red) and dune foresets (blue) interpreted from formation image logs. (C) Line trace drawing showing discordant surfaces (red).

(D) Map showing location and style of accretion packages. (E) Percent net sandstone map.

Figure 3. (A) Summary of depositional and erosional features of 2013 flood on the Police Point Park point bar. (B) Median sediment grain size deposited on point bar. Sand was not deposited in the region inland of the black dash line.

Grey areas did not receive sediment or were not investigated. Black dots are sample locations.White stars are accumulations of large woody debris.

river is not typified by a single grain size or sedimentary structure; instead, it consists of beds with a coarser texture (particularly gravel, if available) than what is average for that location on the point bar. This study provides quantitative data on sedimentary facies that can be used to infer spatial changes in flow during extreme-flood events and discriminate between the scale of events in the rock record.

Fluvial deposits comprise some of the most stratigraphically complex strata in the rock record. In particular, the complex internal stratigraphic architecture in meandering-river deposits can result in lithological heterogeneity at many scales. The results of Cynthia’s research represent a step towards: (1) elucidating

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the stratigraphic and depositional architecture of the McMurray Formation, host of one of the world’s largest inplace volumes of hydrocarbons, and (2) delineating lithological heterogeneities in point-bar deposits, in both the modern and ancient depositional records.

D.A., and Durkin, P.R., 2019, The effects of accretion-package geometry on lithofacies distribution in point-bar deposits: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 89, p. 381-398

Award sponsored by:

A copy of the thesis can be downloaded at: https://prism.ucalgary.ca/ handle/1880/109479 Hagstrom, C.A., Leckie, D.A., and Smith, M.G., 2018, Point bar sedimentation and erosion produced by an extreme flood in a sand and gravel-bed meandering river: Sedimentary Geology, v. 377, p. 1-16.

Hagstrom, C.A., Hubbard, S.M., Leckie,

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