September Extension Connection Magazine 2019

Extension Connection

USPS-525-100

Sullivan County

YOUR LINK TO LOCAL, RESEARCH-BASED SOLUTIONS TO BETTER YOUR LIFE

VOLUME XC NO. 9

SEPTEMBER 2019

Farmers donate excess produce from the farmers’ markets, including CCE Sullivan Fresh markets, to the Federation for the Homeless and other charitable organizations.

Upcoming U pcoming Events Events & Programs Programs Tai Chi for Arthritis for Fall Prevention Twilight Farm Tours Effective Communication Strategies Legal & Financial Planning for Alzheimer’s Pocket Pets Program Sullivan County Workplace Wellness Summit Conserving & Managing Your Family Land CCE Family Reunion & Annual Meeting

Issue Isssue sue Highlights Higghhligghhts What You Need to Know about Asian Longhorned Tick NYS Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Knotweed Businesses Help Your Bottom Line by Saving Energy Smart Shopping & Healthy Eating on a Budget World Sepsis Day: September 13, 2019 4-H Fair Season

Social Media Marketing for Beginners

See page for more events!

Check out page for fast facts, and a healthy recipe of the month!

Welcome W elcome to to the the Issue!

Issue!

Page 3 Message from the Executive Director Page 4 What You Need to Know about Asian Longhorned Tick Page 5 NYS Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Knotweed Page 7 Businesses: Help Your Bottom Line by Saving Energy Page 7 DHI Report

Table Table of of Contents Contents Page 8 Fast Facts, Cool Tools, & News to Use! Page 9 Healthy Recipe of the Month Page 10 Smart Shopping & Healthy Eating on a Budget Page 11 Upcoming Programs

Page 14 World Sepsis Day: September 13, 2019 Page 15 4-H Fair Season Page 16 CCE Community Group Youngsville Firecrackers Annual Craft Fair!

Page 12 CCESC Spotlights Page 13 Sponsorships

The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter.

Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903.

OFFICE HOURS

EXTENSION CONNECTION

8:30 am to 4:30 pm Monday-Friday Phone: 845-292-6180 E-mail: sullivan@cornell.edu Website: www.sullivancce.org

Edited by: Nicole Slevin & Colleen Monaghan Designed by: Centermost Marketing, LLC

Twitter.com/ccesullivan Facebook.com/ccesullivan Instagram.com/ccesullivan YouTube: bitly.com/ccesullivan

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

Produced by: Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County is an employer and educator recognized for valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities and provides equal program and employment opportunities.

STAFF MEMBERS

Colleen Monaghan............................................................................Executive Director SueAnn Boyd.......................................................Healthy Schools Program Coordinator Kaitlyn Conklin...........................................................................................4-H Educator Wanda V. Cruz.............................................Healthy Communities Program Coordinator Robert Kaplan..............................President Marylin Jones..........................................................................4-H Program Coordinator Amy Erlwein......Vice President & Secretary Bridget Kackos................................................................................Program Coordinator John Kiefer...................................Treasurer Bonnie Lewis..........................................................................Dependent Care Educator Nadia Rajsz........................Legislative Rep. Erica Lynch.........................................................Catskills Kitchen Program Coordinator Todd Brown Melinda Meddaugh......................................................Ag & Food Systems Issue Leader Brian Brustman Brenda Miller...........................................Community Horticulture Program Coordinator Jenny Chamberlain Barbara Moran...............................................4-H Animal Science Program Coordinator Marcie Ehrman Bee Moser................................................................................Eat Smart NY Nutritionist Denise Frangipane John “JP� Lang Vanessa Petrossian...Hudson Valley Catskills Welcome Center | Taste NY Market Manager Klu Padu Michelle Proscia.............................................................................Agriculture Educator Luisa Parker Nicole Slevin...............................................................Administrator & Diversity Officer Dara Smith Ashley Tully...............................................................................Ag Program Coordinator George Stang Tara VanHorn.......................................................................................Finance Manager Robert Wong Sean Welsh............................................................................Energy Resource Educator John Wilcox.........................................................................................Facilities Manager

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Page 2

Extension Connection

September 2019

Greetings, friends August has been an incredibly busy and rewarding month!

Last month, CCESC hosted the annual Sullivan County Youth Fair at the 140th Grahamsville Little World’s Fair at the Grahamsville Fairgrounds. More than 400 4-H youth exhibits made their way to the youth, livestock, and horse buildings. Your tax dollars pay for 100% of this youth development program, which serves about 250 Sullivan County kids per year. We hope you had a chance to check it out during the busy Woodstock 50th Anniversary Weekend! Read more about the benefits of fair later in this issue.

Besides supporting positive youth development, your support helped raise thousands of dollars to sponsor the event and help make scholarship opportunities possible.

Enjoy a few fun photos from the fair, and save the date for our FREE CCE Family Reunion & Annual Meeting lunch Sunday, October 27 at 1 pm to be held at the Villa Roma Resort & Conference Center in Callicoon!

Be well,

C ll Monaghan, M h Colleen Executive Director cm638@cornell.edu

Extension Connection

September 2019

Page 3

What you need to know about Asian longhorned ticks—a new tick in the United States What do Asian longhorned ticks look like?

ELJŵƉŚ ĂŶĚ ĂĚƵůƚ ĨĞŵĂůĞ͕ ƚŽƉ ǀŝĞǁ͘

Page 4

ELJŵƉŚ ĂŶĚ ĂĚƵůƚ ĨĞŵĂůĞ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌƐŝĚĞ͘

What we know about Asian longhorned ticks

Protect yourself, your pets, and your livestock

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x hƐĞ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů WƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ ŐĞŶĐLJ ; W ͿͲƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶƐĞĐƚ ƌĞƉĞůůĞŶƚƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ d͕ ƉŝĐĂƌŝĚŝŶ͕ /Zϯϱϯϱ͕ Žŝů ŽĨ ůĞŵŽŶ ĞƵĐĂůLJƉƚƵƐ͕ ƉĂƌĂͲŵĞŶƚŚĂŶĞͲ ĚŝŽů͕ Žƌ ϮͲƵŶĚĞĐĂŶŽŶĞ͘ ůǁĂLJƐ ĨŽůůŽǁ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ x tĞĂƌ ƉĞƌŵĞƚŚƌŝŶͲƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĐůŽƚŚŝŶŐ͘ x ^ŚŽǁĞƌ ĂƐ ƐŽŽŶ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĂĨƚĞƌ ƐƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŝŵĞ ŽƵƚĚŽŽƌƐ͘ x ŚĞĐŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŝĐŬƐ ĚĂŝůLJ͘ dŝĐŬƐ ĐĂŶ ŚŝĚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŵƉŝƚƐ͕ ďĞŚŝŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŬŶĞĞƐ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚĂŝƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽŝŶ͘ x dƵŵďůĞ ĐůŽƚŚĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ĚƌLJĞƌ ŽŶ ŚŝŐŚ ŚĞĂƚ ĨŽƌ ϭϬ ŵŝŶƵƚĞƐ ƚŽ Ŭŝůů ƚŝĐŬƐ ŽŶ ĚƌLJ ĐůŽƚŚŝŶŐ ĂĨƚĞƌ LJŽƵ ĐŽŵĞ ŝŶĚŽŽƌƐ͘ /Ĩ ƚŚĞ ĐůŽƚŚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĚĂŵƉ͕ ĂĚĚŝƚŝŽŶĂů ƚŝŵĞ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘ x dƌĞĂƚ ƉĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŝĐŬƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǀĞƚĞƌŝŶĂƌŝĂŶͲĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ͘

Extension Connection

What to do if you think you have found an Asian longhorned tick x ZĞŵŽǀĞ ƚŝĐŬƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ ĂƐ ƋƵŝĐŬůLJ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘ x ^ĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŝĐŬƐ ŝŶ ƌƵďďŝŶŐ ĂůĐŽŚŽů ŝŶ Ă ũĂƌ Žƌ Ă njŝƉůŽĐŬ ďĂŐ͕ ƚŚĞŶ͗ o ŽŶƚĂĐƚ LJŽƵƌ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐƚĞƉƐ LJŽƵ ĐĂŶ ƚĂŬĞ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ƚŝĐŬ ďŝƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŝĐŬďŽƌŶĞ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͘ o ŽŶƚĂĐƚ Ă ǀĞƚĞƌŝŶĂƌŝĂŶ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ƉĞƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŝĐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŝĐŬ ďŝƚĞƐ͘ o ŽŶƚĂĐƚ LJŽƵƌ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ Žƌ ůŽĐĂů ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶ ŽĨĨŝĐĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŝĐŬƐ ŽŶ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ Žƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŝĐŬ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘

For more information, see:

September 2019

Polygonum cuspidtum

NEW YORK INVASIVE SPECIES CLEARINGHOUSE SPECIES PROFILE Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.

Japanese knotweed 9 November 2013

Background Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.), a member of the buckwheat family, was introduced into the U.S. from Eastern Asia (Japan, China, Korea) as an ornamental on estates in the late1800s. It has also been used as an erosion control plant. By the mid1890s, it was reported near Philadelphia, PA, Schenectady, NY, and in New Jersey. Although once sold through seed and plant catalogs, by the late-1930s knotweed was already being viewed as a problematic pest. The plant, which can grow from -DSDQHVH .QRWZHHG WKLFNHW three to 15 feet tall, has bamboo-like stems and is sometimes called Japanese bamboo. As with many invasive plants, knotweed thrives in disturbed areas and once established can spread rapidly, creating monoculture stands that threaten native plant communities. Japanese knotweed can tolerate deep shade, high temperatures, high soil salinity and drought. It is commonly found along streams and rivers, in low-lying areas, disturbed areas such as rights-of-way, and around old home and farmsteads.

Distribution Japanese knotweed can be found in the U.S. in 42 states coast to coast except the arid Southwest, several of the deep South Gulf states and the highest of the Rocky Mountains. It is also in eight Canadian Provinces.

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Extension Connection

September 2019

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Polygonum cuspidtum Page 6

Identification The plant is an upright, shrubby, herbaceous, woody-appearing perennial reaching heights of 10 to 15 feet (3 to 4.5 m). The stems are smooth, stout, and hollow. Where the leaves attach to the stem, the stem is swollen with a membranous sheath surrounding the joints. The leaves are broadly ovate (road and rounded at the base and tapering toward the end), 3 to 6 inches (8 to 15 cm) long by 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) wide, alternating on stem, broadly oval to somewhat triangular or heart-shaped, pointed at the tip.

The plantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shoots come up from a network of spreading rhizomes.

-DSDQHVH NQRWZHHG VKRZLQJ REODWH OHDYHV DQG IORZHUV These horizontal roots can reach lengths of 65 feet (20 m) or more. Japanese knotweed has branched sprays of small greenishwhite flowers from August to September. Although they have complementary male and female organs, those organs are vestigial and the flowers function unisexually. The plant develops small winged fruits Seeds: triangular, shiny, very small, about 1/10 inch (2.5 mm) long.

Japanese knotweed spreads primarily by seed (transported by wind, water, animals, humans, or as a soil contaminant), stem fragments, and by shoots sprouting from its system of rhizomes.

Impacts Japanese knotweed spreads rapidly, forming dense thickets that crowd and shade out native vegetation. This reduces species diversity, alters natural ecosystems, and negatively impacts wildlife habitat. The ground under knotweed thickets tends to have very little other growth. This bare soil is very susceptible to erosion, posing a particular threat to riparian areas. Once established, populations of Japanese knotweed are extremely persistent and hard to eradicate.

Prevention and Control As with most invasive plants, Japanese knotweed can quickly inhabit disturbed ecosystems.

One of the best ways to prevent its colonization is to ensure that disturbed habitats are rehabilitated with native vegetation before knotweed can invade.

Mechanical control Single young plants can be pulled by hand depending on soil conditions and root development.

If all of the root system isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t removed, re-sprouting can occur. For small initial populations beyond single plants, or in environmentally sensitive areas where herbicides cannot be used, grubbing with a pulaski or similar tool to remove all of the roots after cutting back the standing vegetation can be an effective control measure. All parts of the removed plants should be bagged and disposed of in a secure location. It is best if knotweed not be mown or cut with weed trimmers as the pieces of the plant can easily get moved around and re-sprout, spreading, rather than controlling the plant.

Chemical control Chemical controls for Japanese knotweed include application of glyphosate and triclopyr herbicides to freshly cut stems or to foliage. Before using chemicals to control any invasive plant, check with your local environmental or natural resources management agency or Cooperative Extension office to find out what chemicals are legal for use on knotweed in your area.

2

Extension Connection

September 2019

BUSINESSES: HELP YOUR BOTTOM LINE BY SAVING ENERGY Written by Sean Welsh, Community Energy Advisor and Camille Marcotte, Cornell Cooperative Extension Dutchess County Resource Educator Are you spending too much money on energy at your business? There are programs and incentives available to help cut down on your businessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; energy costs. Local utilities offer programs to help businesses cut down on their electricity use through installing energy efficient light bulbs.

There are also programs that will complete an energy assessment of your office building to identify areas to reduce energy costs. The energy assessment can also help you decide if and how you want to invest in clean energy projects. Whether a nonprofit, small business (less than 100 employees), large commercial facility, or an agricultural operation there

most likely is a program that can help with operational costs and long-term energy conservation. Connecting with a Community Energy Advisor is the first step towards a more efficient building for your business.

Save Energy Save $ Looking for a way to help the environment all while saving you money on bills?

To find out more on how your business can save on energy costs, contact your Cornell Cooperative Extension Community Energy Advisor at: 845-292-6180 ext. 127 or visit www. midhudsonenergychoices. org.

Ask local Community Energy Advisor Sean Welsh how.

Residents, farmers, and business owners all over New York are finding that there are programs and incentives to help reduce their energy burden.

Call Sean at 845-292-6180 ext. 127 to discuss resources available for the home, farm, or business.

DHI Report: JULY SAMPLE NO. BREED COWS TYPE

Herdcode HERDOWNER

MILK FAT PROTEIN

21470096 BRANDON PETERS DAIRY DHI-AP

H

98.2 22071 802

686

21470146 THONY'S DAIRY

DHI-AP

H

58.2 19042 711

585

21470021 GLASSEL, ROBERT

DHI-AP

H

47.5 15040 560

457

Extension Connection

September 2019

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September Focus: Fast Facts, Cool Tools, & News to Use!

September is N Square Dance ational Month If you use air tioni tionin oning, ning, a ceilingg conditioning, n will w allow wi a fan you to raise isse the ise t thermostat setting ng aabout 4°F with noo reduction re in comfort. orrt.. Just ort make suree to to turn it off when you ou u leave le the room (fans nss cool co c people, not rooms). m ). ms ms).

Historically, the national 4-H motto is “To Make the Best Better”.

It should be the objective of every member and leader.

Page 8

SaȾron, used as a ɀavoring in Mediterranean c cooking, is harvested from the sstigmas of a type of ffa al fall-blooming crocus, Cro C ro oc cus sativus.

Crocus

New York’ss growing ov forests are faster than er 3 times being har v they are for develop ested, cleared to insects, ment , lost blow downdisease , or — this inclus combined increase in des both the established volume of number of trees and the have becom new trees that e establish ed.

The average straw berry has 200 seeds. It’s the only fruit that bears its seeds on t he outside.

Extension Connection

September 2019

September Focus: Fast Facts, Cool Tools, & News to Use!

Healthy Recipe of the Month!

Extension Connection

September 2019

Page 9

SMART SHOPPING & HEALTHY EATING ON A BUDGET Submitted by Wanda V. Cruz, Healthy Communities Coordinator Are you looking for ways to eat healthier but aren’t sure how to get started? Did you know healthy eating may be better for your budget? Many families are concerned about the rising cost of food. The good news is that eating healthy does not need to be expensive.

Good planning can save you a lot of money at the store.

Here are some smart shopping tips to help you eat better for less: • Plan meals and snacks for the week according to your food budget. If you receive SNAP, remember SNAP is a ‘supplemental benefit’ to help add to your food budget.

• Make a grocery list and only buy what you need for meals for the week.

• Check for sales and use coupons or a store loyalty card to receive discounts.

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• Use the unit price listed on the shelves to get the best price.

Sometimes, the larger item has a lower unit price. For example, large bag of rice is cheaper than the small rice boxes. And a large container of oatmeal is cheaper than individual packets. They are also healthier because they do not contain added salts and sugars.

• Buying store brands instead of name brands can save you money too.

• Buying in bulk can save you money.

• When buying meats, look for what is on sale. If you can afford the bulk package, you can save money by dividing the meat into smaller meal servings and freezing it for future use.

• When buying fruits and vegetables, buy in season and look for sales in the frozen and canned sections.

Frozen and canned vegetables can be just as healthy as long as you buy the kinds without added sugar and syrups.

• Try not to buy expensive snacks— see how much you save while becoming healthier.

Extension Connection

September 2019

Below are some good low-cost foods that can be bought all year round: • Protein - Dried or canned beans can be made into chili and soup, added to salads. Dried lentils do not require soaking and can be made into a great soup/stew. When using canned beans, be sure to rinse off the salt. Eggs also are a great source of protein.

• Vegetables - Carrots, green beans, green lettuces, fresh/frozen spinach, potatoes • Fruit - apples and bananas • Grains - Rice (brown is better), oats, barley • Drinks - fat free or low-fat milk and water are the best choices. Try not to buy sugary beverages Source: New York State Office of Temporary.

“Smart Shopping | Eat Smart New York.”

New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance. Accessed February 14, 2019. http://otda.ny.gov/programs/ nutrition/smart-shopping.asp.

UPCOMING PROGRAMS Mondays

CCE In the Field at Soul Food Café — 170 North Main, Liberty

3:30 — —5:45 5 pm 5:45

Wednesdays CCE In the Field at ENGN — 12 Lower Main St. Callicoon

Shifts Vary

Sept. 4 — Horse Lovers Introduction to Horses (Wednesdays) Sept. 18

4 pm

Sept. 10

Twilight Farm Tours — Wild Russet Farm, Jeơersonville

5:30—7:30 pm

Sept. 18

FREE ATI Farm Stand —Action Toward Independence (ATI), Monticello

10 am—1 pm

Sept. 19

Eơective Communication Strategies — 309 Broadway, Monticello

2 pm

Sept. 23, 30 Living with Alzheimer's for Middle Stage Caregivers — ATI, Monticello 1:30 —3:30 pm Oct. 7 Sept. 24

Legal and Financial Planning for Alzheimer’s Disease

5:30 —8 pm

Sept. 27 Oct. 25 Nov. 22

Pocket Pets Program

6:30 —8 pm

Oct. 4

Sullivan County Workplace Wellness Summit — New Hope Community

9 am —1 pm

Oct. 12

Conserving & Managing Your Family Land

9 am—12 pm

Oct. 14, 21, Living with Alzheimer's for Early Stage Care Partners — 121 Broadway, 10 am —12 pm Monticello 28 Oct. 17, 24, Living with Alzheimer's for Middle Stage Caregivers — 121 Broadway, 4 —6 pm Monticello 31 Oct. 26

4-H Regional Horse Conference — CCE Orange County __

12 —2pm

Oct. 27

CCE Family Reunion & 105th Annual Meeting— Villa Roma Resort

1 pm

Oct. 30

Social Media Marketing for Beginners

5:30 —7:30 pm

Oct. 30

FREE ATI Farm Stand —Action Toward Independence (ATI), Monticello

10 am—1 pm

Nov. 6

Advanced Social Media Marketing

5:30 —7:30 pm

Join us! Registration is required in advance.

Events at the Extension Education Center on 64 Ferndale-Loomis Rd., Liberty NY unless otherwise listed.

Call 845-292-6180

E-mail sullivan@cornell.edu Extension Connection

Visit sullivancce.org

September 2019

Page 11

CCE Sullivan Spotlights

Partner Spotlight HEATSMART ULSTERSULLIVAN

Staff Spotlight BRENDA MILLER Meet Brenda Miller, the newest member of our team here at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County!

As the Community Horticulture Program Coordinator, Brenda brings decades of knowledge and experience in all aspects of horticulture and gardening.

Brenda can help you identify pests, invasive species, plant diseases, flowers, and trees on your property.

Just stop in to drop off a sample or photo, or call the office with your questions. You can also email the helpline at scmghelpline@cornell. edu.

As a professional gardener and orchardist, Brenda will be able to offer many great workshops to help keep your plants, trees and gardens in tip-top shape.

Welcome, Brenda!

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HeatSmart Ulster-Sullivan is a statesupported non-profit program providing public education and discounts with carefully selected contractor partners who can be trusted to do what is best for your building and situation.

The process begins with a free or low-cost home energy audit to increase your homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy efficiency. Through HeatSmart UlsterSullivan, you can learn about heat pumps, which extract heat from the air or ground on your property and distribute it inside your home. Heat pumps can also work to heat your homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hot water, and can even be run in reverse and provide cooling and dehumidification in the summer.

HeatSmart Ulster-Sullivan can connect you with certified contractors and help you identify and get rebates, extended warranties, financing options and other incentives which make heat pumps a feasible option for all homeowners who want to start living cleaner, greener, healthier, and with lower energy bills today.

Visit www.renewableny.org for more information.

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Nominate Nominat ate a Star!

Know w someone who deserves dese serves the shine of the he spotlight?

Email Nicole Slevin: nas96@cornell.edu

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WORLD SEPSIS DAY: SEPTEMBER 13 Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, RN, Dependent Care Educator

compared with hospitalized controls and suffer from physical, cognitive and affective health problems (5).

Sepsis is the most common, but least recognized disease. Sepsis remains the primary cause of death from infection despite advances in modern medicine, including vaccines, antibiotics, and intensive care. Sepsis, which is often misunderstood by the public as “bloodpoisoning” is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Sepsis arises when the body’s response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It may lead to shock, multiple organ failure, and death, especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Between one third and one half of patients with sepsis die (1, 2).

Incidence is increasing dramatically.

The incidence of sepsis is increasing dramatically, due to the ageing population (1, 4) and despite the advantages of modern medicine including vaccines, antibiotics and intensive care. Hospitalizations for sepsis have more than doubled over the last 10 years (4, 7, 9) and have overtaken those for myocardial infarction in the US

To battle the number of victims of sepsis,World Sepsis Day was initiated by the Global Sepsis Alliance, established in 2012. The GSA is a non-profit organization with the mission to provide global leadership to reduce the worldwide burden of sepsis. In the developing world, sepsis accounts for 60-80% of lost lives per year in childhood, killing more than 6 million neonates and children yearly and is responsible for more than 100,000 cases of maternal sepsis (3).

Every hour, about 50 people die from sepsis. Sepsis causes more deaths than prostate cancer, breast cancer and HIV/ AIDS combined. Globally, an estimated 20 – 30 million cases of sepsis occur each year. Experts in the field believe sepsis is actually responsible for the majority of the mortality associated with HIV/AIDS, malaria, pneumonia and other infections acquired in the community, in healthcare settings and by traumatic injury (4).

Patients surviving sepsis have double the risk of death in the following 5 years Page 14

(8, 9) (Fig.1). International and national surveys indicate that 20-40% of sepsis patients that require treatment in the intensive care unit developed sepsis outside the hospital (10). The incidence of sepsis developing after surgery trebled from 1997 to 2006.

The diagnosis of sepsis often is delayed. Sepsis is often diagnosed too late, because the clinical symptoms and laboratory signs that are currently used for the diagnosis of sepsis, like raised temperature, increased pulse or breathing rate, or white blood cell count are unspecific. In children, the signs and symptoms may be subtle and

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deterioration rapid. Sepsis is underrecognized and poorly understood due to confusion about its definition among patients and healthcare providers, lack of documentation of sepsis as a cause of death on death certificates, inadequate diagnostic tools, and inconsistent application of standardized clinical guidelines to treat sepsis (4).

Costs of sepsis are high and rising.

An estimated $14.6 billion was spent on hospitalizations for sepsis in the US in 2008, and from 1997 through 2008, the inflation-adjusted aggregate costs for treating patients hospitalized for this condition increased on average annually by 11.9% (8). The costs related to long-term sequelae of sepsis are unknown. In Europe, it has been estimated that a typical episode of sepsis costs healthcare services approximately 25,000 Euros. Given the considerable loss of life years the human costs of sepsis are enormous (12).

Sepsis is a medical emergency. Rapid initiation of simple, timely interventions including antimicrobials (13, 14), intravenous fluids (14) and targeted treatment to restore the circulation (15) can halve the risk of dying. Patients with suspected sepsis should be referred immediately to an appropriate facility. Early sepsis treatment is cost effective, reducing hospital and Critical Care bed days for patients. Unfortunately, sepsis is still mostly overlooked and recognized too late.

Source: TheWorld Sepsis Day Fact Sheet World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care,n.d.http://www.wfpiccs.

4-H FAIR SEASON Submitted by Kaitlyn Conklin, 4-H Program Coordinator

focal point within the photo and much more.

Welcome to September! The Sullivan County Youth Fair came and went the third weekend of August, and what a success it was. In case you missed it, Sullivan County 4-H youth showed off projects they have been working hard on all year long. Projects included dairy and beef cattle, rabbits, poultry, alpacas, swine, sheep, goats, hundreds of still exhibits, hands-on activities in the youth barn, animal activities in the livestock barns, and the annual Pie and Livestock Auctions! While fair is an exciting and fun part of the year for 4-H members, let’s examine the benefit of participating in the fair.

Now the question is, are these things important to youth development? Is it important we teach youth how to raise an animal and show it? Is it important to teach them how to take good photographs if that isn’t going to be their career? While these are nice bonuses to our program, most staff would argue they are not the goal of the program. They are, however, hooks we use to get to the real purpose of teaching life skills.

County fairs are the most recognizable element of the local 4-H program.

According to Michigan State University Extension, fair is a culmination of many weeks, months or even a year’s worth of learning, creating and discovering through 4-H experiences. For years there have been many different opinions about the purpose of county fairs in regard to the 4-H program.

It may not be the fair itself that is so important to the program, but the entire package.When a youth raises an animal, for example, whether it is for market or for show, they have to care for, work with and learn about that animal. The opportunity to show it at the fair is the driving force that motivates them to get up early, go out and work with their animal, learn how to show the animal, to go to club meetings and so forth. The youth may take good care of their animal because they are a caring person, but most people wouldn’t deny that the youth put in that extra effort knowing they are going to show it at the fair.

This can also be true for non-animal projects.Youth may love to take pictures, but the idea of bringing those photos to the fair to be judged may encourage them to learn more. Through lessons with a project leader or a conversation with a photography judge, youth may learn how to use proper light, crop a photo, find the

Through 4-H projects, youth may learn leadership as they take on roles within their club such as club officer or chair of a committee. They may learn empathy or understanding as they learn about others’ challenges or about youth from another part of the community.Youth learn teamwork and character building as they work together with their club toward common goals.

Youth who raise animals may learn self-discipline and responsibility as they take care of a living thing that depends on them every day for their welfare.

During the judging process, a youth may have to explain their project to a judge, which helps to develop their social and interview skills. During times of disappointment or excitement, they will learn things such as good sportsmanship, managing their feelings or being concerned for others.

people to develop and mature as citizens within a community. Through 4-H, however, volunteers and staff can help youth to develop more of these skills earlier in life, assist them to be successful, to be able to face challenges head-on and to persevere.

So the next time you have the opportunity to visit a county fair, take it and be sure to look at all the 4-H projects.When you see the innovative, creative and outright impressive projects, think of how much more they actually mean and the path the youth has traveled to get the project finished.

Source: Turner, Roxanne.“Why Are Fairs so Important to 4-H?” 4-H Life Skills, November 28, 2018. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/ why_are_fairs_so_important_to_4_h.

Many times the youth don’t even realize all the great things they have learned until they reflect back on their experience in 4-H when they are older. Many will admit that their 4-H experiences helped them to develop their leadership skills and become more well-rounded citizens that are able to see the bigger picture.

Certainly everything one does in life teaches life skills, which in turn help

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Please notify CCE Sullivan if you have a change of address:

845-292-6180 sullivan@cornell.edu