September Extension Connection Sullivan County 2016

Volume LXXXXVII, No. 9

Liberty, NY – September, 2016

(USPS) 525 - 100

Silo Safety What You Need to Know about Farm Labor Ginseng Research Projects A Feast of Weeds What Is the Community & Regional Development Institute (CaRDI)?

Worksite Wellness — What Is It? Better Breakfast Month Are Your Kids Healthy Eaters?

Another successful Sullivan County Youth Fair has come and gone, for information and more pictures see pages 12 & 13.

4-H Youth Fair, August 17-21 Debunking the Myths of Older Adults & Falls

Rust Diseases of Apple Trees Mindsets & Motivation

Upcoming Programs “Denim & Diamonds” Afternoon Gala Distilling Grains Junior Gardeners: Grow It, Pick It, Cook It, Eat It Protect Your Back!

Culinary Tourism Getting into the Food Business Social Media for Entrepreneurs 101

See page 1 5 for a complete list.

It’s harvest season! The new high tunnel at the Extension Education Center was loaded with delicious tomatoes last month. Be sure to visit your local farmers’ market; the outdoor markets last until Oct.

Message from the Executive Director

3

In Case You Missed It

14

Silo Safety

4

Upcoming Programs & Events

15

What You Need to Know about Farm Labor

6

Debunking the Myths of Older Adults and Falls

17

Ginseng Research Projects

7

Rust Diseases of Apple Trees

19

A Feast of Weeds

8

What is CaRDI?

9

CCESC Spotlights

20

Worksite Wellness— What Is It?

10

CCE Master Forest Owner Volunteer Solicitation

22

Better Breakfast Month

10

Mindsets and Motivation

23

Are Your Kids Health Eaters?

11

Fun Facts & News to Use

24

4-H Youth Fair, August 17-21

12

Member Exchange

25

Youth Fair Photo Album

13

Farmers' Market Schedule

28

Necessary Business The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-.

The Extension Connection

REGULAR OFFICE HOURS

Edited by: Nicole Slevin & Colleen Monaghan Layout & Design by: Tracey Argent Produced at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

8:30 am to 4:30 pm | Monday-Friday Phone: 845-292-6180 | Fax: 845-292-4946 Website: www.sullivancce.or g Email: sullivan@cor nell.edu Twitter.com/ccesullivan Facebook.com/ccesullivan Instagram.com/cce_sullivan_county

2016 Board of Directors Donna Willi..……..…...…..………….………..………..President Earl Myers…………..…….………………….........Vice President Pamela Rourke……………………………...…………...Secretary Glenn Pontier…………………………...…….…………Treasurer Dawn Boyes Amy Erlwein Christopher Gozza Sonja Hedlund Robert Kaplan Steve Mogel Edward Moran Klu Padu Luisa Parker Janet Threshman Terri Ward, Legislative Rep. Cooperative Extension in New York State provides Equal Program and Employment Opportunities. New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, New York State College of Human Ecology, and New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension Associations, County Governing Bodies, and the United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating.

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

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Staff Members Colleen Monaghan...…………...…..…………...Executive Director Tracey Argent……………...……Sr. Administrator & HR Manager SueAnn Boyd…………………….…..Healthy Schools Coordinator Wanda Cruz…………………….Healthy Communities Coordinator Erica Dahl……………….....ESNY Community Nutrition Educator Jaycee DeGroat……Healthy Schools & Communities Team Leader Emily Devore..………………....Healthy Communities Coordinator Dayna Gaeta…………..Community Horticulture Program Educator Marylin Jones...………………...…….….4-H Program Coordinator Bonnie Lewis……….……........................Dependent Care Educator Michelle Lipari………………………………....Ag & 4-H Educator Erica Lynch ……….……………………..EaT Kitchen Coordinator Melinda Meddaugh……………..Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Nicole Slevin………………………...…Public Affairs Coordinator Kaitlyn Smith………………...Administrative & Program Assistant Tara VanHorn...………….…..……………….…..Finance Manager Sean Welsh……...……………….....Energy & Consumer Educator John Wilcox……...……………….....Building & Grounds Manager

Extension Connection

September, 2016

Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director cm638@cornell.edu Greetings from Extension! The annual Sullivan County 4-H Youth Fair was a great success at the 137th Grahamsville Little World’s Fair. It wouldn’t have been possible without the volunteers, sponsors, auction bidders, and youth who spent dozens of hours and hundreds of dollars to support Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County’s (CCESC) 4-H Youth Development program. The 4-H Horse Task Force broke their own fundraising record selling fancy painted horseshoes, grossing over $1,200! This year’s Pie Auction, led by Barry Lewis and Eddie Moran raised just over $2,300 to support the 4-H Youth Development Program. 4-H’er Ian S. and Tara Bresik’s pies grossed $250 from Jonathan Heimbach and $220 from Diehl Homestead Farm, respectively. Rick Coombe and Larry Bracken raised another $600 from the crowd by taking Tara’s second eclair pie in the face!! Thank you guys for stepping up in the fun for us!

For the record, CCESC owes Tara a 4H baking mitt and apron.

The Livestock & Merchandise Auction raised another $3,500 for the 4-H Livestock Auction Scholarship Fund, which high schoolers can apply for to help them out with college costs. Led by Eddie and Ed Moran and their helpers, five 4-H’ers participated in the Livestock Auction, earning them more than $6,000! A huge thank you to all of our bidders, especially high bidders Delaware Valley Farm & Garden, Youngsville Veterinary Clinic, and Catskill Veterinary Services. Congratulations to all our bakers, animal science 4-H’ers, and to the crowd for raising another $480+ to replace the 4-H Rabbit Program’s missing cages.

The fair is a capstone event for all Extension programs and we tried to pay special attention to some of the little details that make our local fair unique, like sprucing up the signage and table coverings, and having more CCESC September, 2016

“red shirts” on the grounds to help troubleshoot and support activities. It is an interesting time in our community’s history and all eyes are on Sullivan County. This year’s fair experience set a standard for youth development programs and staff, and with participant management skills our community can be proud of. It also challenged CCESC staff and volunteers to reflect on why they choose to participate in and support Extension programs like 4-H. The consensus is that we exist to provide physically and emotionally safe spaces that facilitate fun learning experiences.

The intense fair experience helps us identify program strengths to celebrate, and weaknesses to work on, internally during the off season, using Cornell University directives and local board of directors approved policies and procedures to ensure those safe spaces.

As we bring the summer to a close, we also begin to shift gears to the annual staff training and reporting season, as well as 2017 program planning. Our goal is to continue to elevate the quality of educational programming we make available to the county and to try some new delivery methods. We’re looking into hosting evening talks about hot topics like genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and climate change, expanding the 4-H Youth Development program through global citizenship and peer-to-peer education models, and beginning a new Master Gardener Volunteer Training cohort to grow the reach of the community horticulture program across the county. If you are interested in volunteering with us on these or other programs, please visit www.sullivancce.org to complete a volunteer enrollment application.

I offer my personal thanks to the volunteer fair superintendents, 4-H club and project leaders, parents, judges, staff, and supporters for coming together and working with us to “make the best better”! We are also incredibly grateful to the Neversink Agricultural Society, especially Cathy Bender and Ann Bivins, for being such gracious hosts and supporting more than 200 4-H youth and their families during the fair experience.

With reporting and program planning also comes budgeting. The County allocation and program specific grants CCE Sullivan receives from Sullivan County government accounts for about 30% of our total budget. The fundraising activities and events like the auctions and gala, hosted by CCESC staff, board, and volunteers, are essential to closing the funding gap. Your attendance, participation, and generosity keeps CCESC in the business of offering science-based solutions to farmers, families, and youth for low-or-no-cost so we can all share a good, healthy quality of life in Sullivan County.

Please save the date and plan to join us at the Denim and Diamonds Gala on November 6 for another year of excellent locally-sourced fare, great service, and silent and live auctions, or consider donating an item for the auction. You can find information on all the above and more on our website or by stopping in or calling the office for flyers and registration.

We have an exciting fall season coming up at Extension and we hope you will invite your friends and family to join us in some of the activities planned. Pesticide credits will be available at our Distilling Grains workshop.

There’ll be more carrot cake jam sampling at the Bethel Woods Harvest Festival featuring Cornell Cooperative Extension on September 18. The annual Senior Safety Day is coming up in Monticello this October, and the Denim and Diamonds themed Gala with silent and live auctions follows in November.

Extension Connection

Thanks again for everyone’s help at the fair. Until next month, be well.

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Submitted by Michelle Lipari, Agriculture & 4-H Educator As preparations begin for another fall harvest, it is important to review safety protocols with your farm team before harvest begins.

Last spring, PRO-DAIRY and the OSHA Work Group sent an alert highlighting the importance of adequate sleep during these high paced operations. Unfortunately, low milk prices are pressing many farms to cut costs where they can. The harvest crew should be properly sized to do a good job safely. It may be tempting to work a smaller crew for longer hours, but this is not a good money saver if it increases the risk of accident or injury.

Please be safe and make sure all members of the farm crew are well trained AND that everyone gets enough rest.

An incident or injury can cost much more than any savings realized by cutting corners in this area.

tion. Beware of complacency. The 22nd time at the same stop sign can get boring, but the stop sign must still be observed! 

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Farm specific safety concerns and other issues, including narrow roads, soft shoulders, main highways, traffic, spilling silage, or tracking mud on roads, etc.

Rules of the road, including safe speed, specified routes, and alternatives to reduce neighbor irrita-

Carry water and snacks/ stay hydrated. Take breaks periodically.

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Stay in communication. Let others know of hazards when they are observed.

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Stay in trucks or equipment when waiting. If personnel must exit, radio other operators.

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If personnel are on the ground, they should never walk out in front of or behind any machine or truck without first making eye contact with the operator.

A sample list of items to review for harvest preparation and in safety meetings includes: 

Get a good night’s sleep. Tired operators are more likely to make mistakes. According to research, almost everyone is hard wired to need eight to nine hours of sleep per night. Any less sleep than this, especially night after night, will result in impaired function and significantly reduced reaction time.

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No extra riders unless in training.

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Make sure lighting is adequate for all work performed after sunset.

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Use an escort vehicle to reduce risk when moving poorly marked or lighted equipment at dusk. This time is especially dangerous.

center or the rear of the machine (or as close to the center as possible), and be 2 to 6 feet above the road surface. 

Completely shut down machinery when clearing debris!!! It is not enough to disengage the power supply!!!

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Make sure that staff use the proper personal protective equipment, such as hearing protection in noisy areas.

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Provide fire extinguishers on larger tractors and self-propelled harvesters.

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Make sure road safety features meet the legal minimum.

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Check field entry routes for wash outs and culvert problems.

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Mark driveways with flags so that drivers do not have to guess where the edge is.

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Check common routes for road crew activity or other new issues.

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Consider providing hi-visibility clothing or vests to staff to help prevent run over incidents.

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Each day remind drivers, packers, and chopper operators to be safe, use safety belts, and take no unnecessary risks.

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Make sure all tractors and machinery that travel less than 25 mph on public roads have a properly mounted SMV (Slow Moving Vehicle) emblem. SMV emblems need to be clean and not faded, must be mounted in the Page 4

Extension Connection

Pre-harvest: Check over trucks and equipment.

Ensure that tires are at proper inflation and change excessively worn tires. Check that lights all function and recheck each day before work starts. Trucks need to be equipped with fire extinguishers and safety triangles or flares.

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Filling: If new silage is being added to old silage, mark where the two materi(Continued on page 5.)

September, 2016

(Continued from page 4.)

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als are joined. The joint areas can be very unstable during silage removal and can collapse without warning because the silage will not be interlocked at this point. Extra caution is warranted with any activity in these areas.

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Only the most experienced equipment operators should pack. Provide new packing operators with proper training.

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When using hydraulic dump bodies, do not back up onto the pile to dump due to tip-over hazard.

Avoid putting new silage over the top of existing piles covered with plastic. Major slippage of the top pile can occur during silage removal.

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Inform all staff that only authorized personnel should be in the silo filling area. Extra people should be kept out. Make sure appropriate signage such as “No Unauthorized Personnel” and “Danger” is posted visibly.

Pile height should not exceed the reach of the unloading equipment.

Filling staff should be told the target pile height.

Packing tractor(s) should be ROPS equipped and operators should be belted in.

Rollover hazard is obvious. Side slope steepness is an important safety concern. There are many factors that influence safe operating gradient. Minimize exterior side slopes as much as practical.

Beware of soft spots. Safest packing is achieved when driving up and down the pile. Some references suggest no more than a 3:1 slope for this type of operation. As your farm changes, please consider how to size and organize bunker silos so that pile height and slope allow packing equipment to drive safely over all sections of the pile.

DHI

September, 2016

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Covering crew: Conduct safety meetings before going up onto the piles.

Designate those that will work near the edge. All others stay away!

Make sure workers are not wearing slick surface shoes.

Remind workers to watch out for each other and no horseplay on top.

Bunker Silo Safety Reminder from the OSHA Work Group

Distilling Grains October 5 | 6:00 - 8:30 pm Justin O’Dea of CCE Ulster County will provide information and research on best practices for growing distilling grains, and will share data and conclusions derived from an experiment on growing barley using a no-till seeder, conducted in Sullivan County.

Earn NYS DEC 2.0 pesticide credits in categories 1A, 10, and 21 as well as 1.0 credit in category 23.

Extension Education Center, Liberty. $15 per person $10 per CCESC enrollee* *Anyone can enroll for $25 per year.

Paid pre-registration is required.

Sorry, no refunds.

Partial scholarships available with support from Sullivan Renaissance.

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu Visit sullivancce.or g

JULY

Extension Connection

Page 5

Submitted by Melinda Meddaugh, Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Hiring labor and understanding the rules and regulations can sometimes be a daunting experience. Below are some important resources to have on hand, along with information on workers’ compensation, insurance, disability benefits and minimum wage.

New York State also has several programs and resources available, which are listed below.

NYS Department of Labor Website: www.labor.ny.gov Phone: 888-4-NYSDOL (888-469-7365) NYS Agriculture Labor Program www.labor.ny.gov/immigrants/ agriculture-labor-program.shtm Looking for Workers?

The New York State Department of Labor offers many free services to businesses, including assisting employers with the recruitment of qualified workers on a temporary, seasonal, or year-round basis. The mechanism for doing this is posting a free job order in the job matching system. NYS has Agriculture Labor Specialists who can provide job seekers and business customers access to the services available at New York State Career Centers and other services of the Department of Labor. The Agriculture Labor Specialist can connect a business with workers and help that business gain access to all other Department of Labor services. In addition, the Agriculture Labor Specialist can educate business owners about New York State's labor laws and regulations. Our Sullivan County specialist is listed below.

Columbia, Delaware, Greene, Sullivan, Ulster Agriculture Labor Specialist Katya De Poala Office phone: 845-807-0590 Mobile phone: 845-701-0432 Page 6

E-Mail: Katya.DePoala@labor.ny.gov Fax: 845-791-6851 Mailing address: 50 North Street, Monticello, NY 12701 Hiring Process Need help with the hiring process? Below are a few resources and instructions, such as the Agricultural Employer’s Checklist.

Agricultural Employer’s Checklist This is a publication by Anita Deming which goes through the employee hiring process step-by-step. www.blogs.cornell.edu/smallfarms/ files/2014/08/2014-EmployerChecklist-2dazazm.pdf Workers’ Compensation Insurance Employers are required to have workers’ compensation insurance on their workers if cash wages exceeded $1,200 in the preceding year. Coverage must be obtained effective April 1 of the year immediately following the year where the farm had $1,200 of payroll.

If you host unpaid interns and apprentices on your farm, they must also be covered by workers’ comp (the training and/or room and board you provide them is valued in lieu of wages). The only exception to this is if your farm is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. To learn more, download the Employers’ Handbook: http://www.goer.ny.gov/ Employee_Resources/employee_ handbook/2011Employee_ Handbook.pdf.

Insurance can be purchased from the New York State Insurance Fund (http:// ww3.nysif.com/), private insurers, or an employer can form/join a selfinsurance group if they meet various requirements and post bond.

Disability Benefits State law requires that employees be covered by a disability benefit if they are disabled off the job. Most workers’ Extension Connection

compensation insurance will also include this. Family members (spouse or child) and farm laborers are exempt from this requirement. Farm corporate officers and office workers need disability benefits coverage. If the farm is held as a corporation or LLC then the family member exemption does not apply because no one is related to a business entity.

Minimum Wage As of December 31, 2015, New York State's minimum wage is $9.00 per hour.

Minimum Wage Standards for Farm Workers The Minimum Wage Order for Farm Workers applies only to farm workers employed on farms where the total cash remuneration paid to all persons employed on the farm exceeded $3,000 in the previous calendar year.

The Minimum Wage Order for Farm Workers provides that all workers, with certain exceptions, must be paid at least $9.00 per hour as of December 31, 2016. Please check the most recent labor laws for the most up to date amount. This does not include members of the employer's immediate family.

The wage order permits employers to deduct specified allowances from the minimum wage for: 

Meals

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Lodging (except for seasonal migrant workers)

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Payments in kind must cost no more than the farm market value.

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Employers must post these items in a conspicuous place in their establishment:

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A summary of the wage order

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A copy of the general work agreement September, 2016

Submitted by Melinda Meddaugh, Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Wild American Ginseng (panax quinquefolium) is a native American herb with a range extending from southern Quebec to northern Georgia and from the East Coast to the Midwest. Sugar maple and ginseng co-exist in many hardwood forests as they both require high levels of calcium in the soil.

Understory ginseng plants, particularly herbaceous perennials growing beneath the sugar maples in the Uihlein forest, are the same species that are often associated with wild ginseng populations growing elsewhere. In April of 1998 a soil sample was collected from the Uihlein sugar bush and analyzed for nutrient content at Cornell's Soil Testing Laboratory. The soil appeared to have very similar characteristics as soils in which healthy populations of wild ginseng are found in New York State.

Although many regions of New York have a long anecdotal history of wild ginseng growing within the region, the area near Lake Placid does not seem to share this history based on conversations with long time residents. In 1998, a ginseng research project was started at the Uihlein Field Station to determine if ginseng could be cultivated in a sugar maple forest in the Lake Placid region.

Why Ginseng?

Ginseng is a very popular food supplement, and is in high demand particularly in China and surrounding countries. Raising ginseng is something that can be very profitable in combination with maple sugaring. It requires patience, hard work, some capital investment and is by no means guaranteed income. Age, appearance, and method of cultivation determine the price received by the grower. Ginseng is sorted into 40 different grades based on root shape, color, taste, and age. The current estimated market price for field September, 2016

Each of the six plots was divided into three sections. Each section received two ounces (approximately 700 seeds) of ginseng seed from a commercial source, two ounces of seed from a different commercial source, and approximately 50 one-year-old ginseng rootlets. With the exception of the control, a unique amount of gypsum (calcium sulfate) was added to each of the plots. cultivated ginseng can be between $12 to $20 per dry pound. Woods cultivated ginseng may bring between $25 and $100 per dry pound. Wild simulated ginseng may bring between $150 and $250 per dry pound. Finally, wild ginseng may bring between $250 and $600 per pound or higher for the more unusual rare root. The higher prices are reserved for older plants (over 25 years).

The Research During the summer of 1998, six test plots approximately 6 feet wide by 33 feet long were prepared within the Uihlein sugar bush by removing the surface vegetation and rototilling the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Soil samples were collected and analyzed from each of the six plots. Calcium levels varied substantially from plot to plot.

Calcium is a crucial element for healthy ginseng growth. Calcium levels ranged from 430 pounds per acre to 1,710 pounds per acre. Phosphorous, potassium, and Magnesium levels were not significantly different from plot to plot.

Ginseng seed germination and growth has been monitored for the past three years. In the fall of 2001 a workshop was held at the Uihlein Field Station for clients and Cooperative Extension agents to discuss what makes a good ginseng planting. The results of growth in the six plots after three years varied from poor to excellent. The factors that influenced the success of the plots were compared to a Visual Site Assessment and Grading Criteria form to be used with soil analysis data to help further determine the sites with best potential.

In the October of 2001 a second study was initiated to determine under what alternate dominant tree species ginseng would grow best. Many indications are that ginseng will grow best under sugar maple. However, farmers and growers that want to grow ginseng may lack the sugar maple resource. Five trees of four species, sugar maple, beech, yellow birch, and hop hornbeam, were chosen. Soil samples were taken from around each tree to determine soil type and nutrient qualities and saplings of species other than the sample were removed. Fifty three and four year old rootlets were planted in one-foot spacings on 2, 4, and 6-foot radii under the drip line of the sample trees. Survival and growth will be monitored over the next four years.

Also situated at the Uihlein Field Station Sugarhouse is a demonstration (Continued on page 18.)

Extension Connection

Page 7

Submitted by Dayna Gaeta, Community Horticulture Program Educator Do you ever think, when weeding each year, that there must be some use for all those weeds? Well, there is. Some of our more common weeds can be quite tasty!

Most have heard of dandelion wine, made from the blossoms, but you can begin eating this plant raw in salads. Harvest the youngest plants, those not yet in bloom, for the best taste. You can steam the leaves as you would other greens such as spinach. If you are allergic to members of the aster family, such as ragweed and daisies, use caution when eating this plant or relatives such as chicory and burdock.

If you live near a field or have areas of unplanted soil, you may have burdock.

Africans know it as "gobo" and Italians as "cardone". Roots can be steamed as a vegetable, but the best part is the young stems cut into half-inch pieces and steamed. Use them in stews, soups, or as a cooked vegetable with your favorite topping. Avoid this plant if any dinner guests are pregnant.

The leaves of lambsquarters (chenopodium) can be steamed and eaten as you would spinach. Many who have eaten both actually prefer it over spinach. Try some in quiche. In New England it was traditionally canned for winter use. As with many weeds, the young shoots are best. Or you can keep harvesting new side shoots, promoting more branches and more young shoots.

Lambsquarters is another weed that has been enjoyed around the world, and through time. It was even cultivated in Neolithic times, seeds having been found preserved in archeological sites. Romans, and then later Europeans, cultivated it as a garden vegetable until the 18th century. Native AmeriPage 8

cans ate it, and Japanese still eat it, or preserve it in salt.

There are a couple of cautions with lambsquarters.

If harvested from fields with heavy fertility, plants may contain harmful levels of nitrates. This is also true from herbicide-sprayed plants that should never be eaten of this, or any other weed. Those with arthritis, gastric inflammations, hepatic conditions, gout, rheumatism, or prone to kidney stones should use caution with lambsquarters and other similar plants containing oxalates. This would include dock (rumex) and wood sorrel (oxalis), among others.

Dock, also known as sorrel, has been used in French sorrel soup and cream sauces for fish. The lemony flavor is intense, so only use a tablespoon of chopped leaves. Enjoy in moderation, no more than once a week.

Young shoots of Japanese knotweed (fallopia) are a favored vegetable in Asia, where they are steamed and served with rice. Or they can be used in fruit pies for their tartness. They contain resveratrol, which has been shown to help prevent heart attacks.

Chicory (cichorium) has been enjoyed as a vegetable in Belgium, the cooked roots in Arabia, and as wild greens in Greece and Italy. Young leaves are the least bitter. The blue flowers can be eaten and add color to salads. Chicory roots have been used as a coffee substitute. Grow them in a dark cellar, or hill up earth around the roots, to yield white, tender leaves lacking in bitterness.

The next time you "harvest" any of these or other weeds from your garden, consider supplementing your meals with them. In general, don't make weeds a regular or large part of your diet. Doing so may interfere with your body's chemical balance, or may cause other side effects such as acting as a laxative. Be positive you know what weed you are eating, and that it is edible without unknown consequences!

Doctors and herbal practitioners are a good source of such information.

Source: Written by: Dr. Leonard Perry, Extension Professor, University of Vermont

Leaves of ivy (glechoma) have a woodsy mint aroma, and slightly bitter taste. Use them in salads or in sauces. Until the 17th century when hops became popular to flavor beer, this plant was used.

Leaves of plantain (plantago) can be eaten raw when young, cooked when older. Steam them as greens, or use in soups. Young flowering spikes can be sautĂŠed in butter.

Leaves and stems of chickweed (stellaria) are popular in Japan, traditionally eaten in spring with rice. Harvest this plant, or purslane (portulaca), before flowering and use fresh in salads. The latter has a sweet-sour flavor.

Extension Connection

September, 2016

Submitted by Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director CaRDI is a group of research and outreach faculty and professionals working in critical areas of community development. A federation of programs including LEAD-NY, the Cornell Farmworker Program, the Rural Schools Association, and Rust 2 Green partner with other CaRDI faculty working in areas such as land use, regional economic development, community and energy, and demographics.

Through the rich variety of programs and focal areas, CaRDI seeks to strengthen the capacity, resiliency and sustainability of communities in NY State. CaRDI serves as a campus hub for community development research, training, and community engagement, as well as a space that promotes respectful, informed discussion of potentially contentious issues.

CaRDI Works

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Develop effective leaders

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Mobilize people, resources, and assets

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CaRDI’s mix of applied research, training, and outreach works to foster trust and informed decision-making at the local, regional, and state levels.

CaRDI works with students, faculty, CCE educators, and a wide variety of state, regional, and community partners to promote university-community respect, reciprocity, and mutuality in support of Cornell University’s civic engagement and Land Grant mission.

Promote collaborative relationships within and among communities Since 1990, the Community and Regional Development Institute has strengthened Cornell's role as a leader in responding to current and emerging needs in community, rural, and regional development. Working with Cornell faculty and staff--including Cornell Cooperative Extension's network of county offices--and other state and regional institutions, CaRDI is a center of dialogue and collaboration addressing needs at the local, state, and national levels.

Helping New York Communities

The Mission

CaRDI builds capacity in New York communities through initiatives that help them:

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Offer research-based information in support of identifying solutions to community problems

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Produce, access, synthesize, and interpret research-based data and other information

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Understand the characteristics of healthy, vibrant, sustainable communities

Provide training, based on research and data, for elected and appointed officials and community leaders to foster informed decision making

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Connect Cornell faculty and staff from various colleges to build collaborative partnerships and to envision community development alternatives in key areas

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Articulate a vision and pursue goals for a sustainable future September, 2016

Extension Connection

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Within New York State CaRDI works with local, county and state governments, governmental agencies, state and regional associations, technical assistance providers, and CCE Associations.

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Within Regions CaRDI helps build capacity through targeted initiatives that support innovative, resource-appropriate strategies for community and economic development.

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On Campus CaRDI integr ates faculty, staff and Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) Educators to enhance research and education in support of community development.

Core Funding Support from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell Cooperative Extension, and the College of Human Ecology. CaRDI is administratively housed with the Department of Development Sociology.

To learn more about CaRDI or to subscribe to the CaRDI newsletter, visit: https://cardi.cals.cornell.edu/about

Page 9

Submitted by Emily Devore, Healthy Communities Coordinator Unhealthy eating and physical inactivity are two of the many types of health risks each person is exposed to at the worksite. Fortunately, worksite wellness is one of the main initiatives under the Creating Healthy Schools and Communities grant provided to Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County through the New York State Department of Health.

Worksite wellness initiatives encourage the health of employees through strategies such as programs, policies, environmental supports, community support, and more. The goal of this initiative is to provide employees with the option of choosing healthy wherever food is offered and providing opportunities for physical activity throughout the day. At worksites, the food environment can include vending machines, meetings, events, conferences,

etc., while physical activity can be promoted through environmental changes.

In order to create long-lasting, healthful changes in the community, the Creating Healthy Schools and Communities team wants to work with business leaders in Liberty, Fallsburg, and Monticello to update or create worksite wellness polices. The sites that can participate in this initiative are general worksites, hospitals, municipalities, community-based organizations, and others that may not fit in those categories. Each worksite is unique in its capability of making healthful changes, so as a result, each policy can be as simple or as complex as the business leader wishes to make it.

At Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, a worksite wellness policy has been adopted and implementa-

tion is underway. We are currently installing a water filling station to provide water to employees and community members. The policy ensures that actions will be intact over time and demonstrates the commitment Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County has towards creating an environment in support of healthy choices.

If there are any questions pertaining to the Worksite Wellness Initiative or if your business is interested in participating, please contact Cornell Cooperative Extension at 845-292-6180 and ask for Creating Healthy Schools and Communities.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cornell Cooperative Extension, New York State Department of Health, Obesity Prevention Center for Excellence.

Submitted by SueAnn Boyd, Healthy Schools Coordinator September is Better Breakfast Month, and for good reason. Eating breakfast every day is one of the best healthy habits I can think of. I’ve heard every reason under the sun why people skip breakfast: they’re not hungry early in the morning (that could be because they are eating lots of calories before going to bed), they don’t have time, and they don’t like breakfast foods.

The benefits of eating breakfast are vast and compelling, making the above reasons, well, just not good enough.

Here’s why everyone should be eating breakfast every day: Breakfast kick starts the metabolism. You need food to burn calories. It’s that simple.

After a night of fasting, the body goes into starvation mode and slows down the metabolism to compensate. WithPage 10

out breakfast to get the metabolism going again, the body stays at the lower level of metabolism, burning fewer calories than if it had breakfast. Breakfast is necessary for meeting daily nutrient needs. A study published by the Journal of Adolescent Health showed that adolescents who eat breakfast are two to five times more likely than their breakfast-skipping counterparts to consume more of a variety of essential vitamins and minerals. Eating breakfast helps with weight management. Studies show that adolescents who eat breakfast tend to make better food choices throughout the day. In addition, a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that Americans who regularly skip breakfast are 4.5 times more likely to be overweight.

Extension Connection

Children who eat breakfast get better grades in school and are less likely to be depressed, anxious, or irritable.

Don’t get me wrong, I understand the reasons why people think they can’t eat breakfast. However, all it takes is a little planning and dedication. Here are some tips to overcome the common obstacles:  Take baby steps.

Start by eating something small, like a piece of fruit, glass of milk, or cup of yogurt.

Something is better than nothing.

Slowly build up to a more substantial breakfast of 300-600 calories, depending on what your total daily caloric intake should be. Eating breakfast mindfully sets the tone for the day.

(Continued on page 18.)

September, 2016

Submitted by SueAnn Boyd, Healthy Schools Coordinator 

Healthy eaters… that doesn't necessarily mean that they eat a lot, but rather do they eat a lot of healthy foods?

Healthy Eating If you have a picky eater at home, your kids may be nowhere near the healthy eating plan that the Choose My Plate guidelines recommend, including that children, depending on their age:  eat 1 to 2 1/2 cups of fruit each day (older children need more)  eat 1 to 4 cups of vegetables each day  drink 2 to 3 cups of milk each day (typically fat-free or low-fat if they are at least two years old)  eat 2 to 7 ounces of low-fat or lean meat or chicken, or other foods from the Meat & Beans food group, such as fish, beans, peas, eggs, etc.  get half of their grains from whole grains

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Following the above healthy eating recommendations will help your children follow a diet that has a lot of foods that are high in fiber, low in fat, and have calcium, iron, and other vitamins and minerals that they need.

These recommendations also help them avoid high-calorie and high-fat foods that can lead to childhood obesity and other health problems.

Starting a Healthy Eating Plan If your children don't eat well, you might view the food pyramid as a goal to reach for and use this healthy eating plan to get there:  Offer them at least one serving of fruit each day.  Offer them at least one serving of vegetables each day.  Offer them at least one serving of non-fat milk (skim milk) or low-fat milk (1% or 2% milk) each day or another high-calcium food, like cheese made with low-fat milk.

September, 2016

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Limit 100% fruit juice to only one serving a day.

Eat most meals at home together as a family.

Offer at least one whole grain food each day, such as whole wheat bread, oatmeal, or a whole grain breakfast cereal.

Cook foods by baking, grilling, or roasting as often as possible, instead of frying them.

Prepare and serve whole foods as often as possible instead of processed and packaged kids' meals that are often high in fat, calories, and salt, and low in fiber.

Offer age-appropriate portion sizes when your child eats meals and snacks.

As your family learns to make healthy choices and start to eat better, you can then move closer to the Choose My Plate guidelines, for example, starting to offer them 1 1/2 servings of vegetables each day.

It may take some time, but having a healthy eating plan will help move your children away from wanting to eat chicken nuggets and French fries at every meal.

What To Know About Healthy Eating Plans To help your children with their healthy eating plan, it may also help to: Extension Connection

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Avoid flavorings that can make milk less healthy, keeping in mind that chocolate milk or strawberry milk flavoring will usually add more sugar and calories to your child's serving of milk.

Avoid serving or don't serve fried meats, such as chicken nuggets, corn dogs, or fish sticks, more than once a week.

Avoid serving or don't serve highfat meats, such as sausage, bacon, hot dogs, or bologna, more than once a week.

Don't give your kids drinks with a lot of added sugar, such as sweet tea, soda, or fruit punch or any fruit drinks that are less than 100% fruit juice.

Avoid eating fast food and make healthy choices when you do go out to eat at a restaurant.

Avoid giving sweets on a regular basis, but do limit candy, cookies, and cakes to occasional treats, and offer healthy snacks in between meals and for dessert instead.

Combined with regular physical activity on most days, this healthy eating plan can help your children maintain a healthy weight or even begin to lose weight if they are already overweight.

Sources: Robert C. Whitaker, MD, MPH; Rachel A. Gooze, MPH; Cayce C. Hughes, MPH; Daniel M. Finkelstein, PhD, EdM. A National Survey of Obesity Prevention Practices in Head Start. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(12):1144-1150.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015. Available at http:// health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/ guidelines/.

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Compiled by Marylin Jones, 4-H Program Coordinator In association with the Grahamsville Little World’s Fair, CCESC’s 4-H Youth Development program offers the Annual Sullivan County Youth Fair to showcase county youth project work. Youth Fair activities began on August 17 with 25 volunteer evaluators sharing face-to-face evaluations with youth exhibitors for their project entries. Approximately 373 “still exhibits” (nonlivestock entries) submitted by 126 youth were recorded by the 4-H Youth Building. An exhibition of the youth entries was put on display for the public August 19-21, which included 38 outstanding entries selected to advance to the New York State Fair.

4-H families and volunteer leaders were also responsible for supporting many of the ongoing interactive opportunities available to the public: make-and-take crafts, free games, and youth public presentations of educational topics continuously through Friday, Saturday, and Sunday morning.

Livestock shows began on Thursday and ended Sunday morning with approximately 50 youth participating in 250 classes. Animals remained on display in the Livestock Barn the duration of fair. Always a popular site for the crowds, the barn also offered presentations and demonstrations as well as displays of baby chicks and ducklings.

While at fair, the 4-H program was pleased with their fundraising efforts in popcorn sales, the Bessie Bingo contest, the 4-H Pie Auction, and the 4-H Livestock Auction. Community support continues to be strong and remains a very important component to the success of Sullivan County’s 4-H youth development program.

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September, 2016

September, 2016

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Junior Master Gardener #2 : Botany Workshop

Effective Communication Strategies

July 20

The Caregiver Resource Center met with caregivers at Action Toward Independence for this Alzheimer’s Association educational program. The class explores how communication takes place when someone has Alzheimer’s disease. Attendees learned about communication changes that take place throughout the course of the disease, how to respond in ways that are helpful to the person, and identify strategies to connect and communicate at each stage of the disease.

The second of four Junior Master Gardener classes was held on July 20, 2016. Fifteen anxious children gathered in the CCE Sullivan teaching garden to learn about plant science. The life cycle of a plant was reviewed, covering the difference between flowering and non-flowering plants. Youth got to see a garlic “flower” and it’s component bulbils as well as plant scarlet runner beans and carrots to harvest in September. Then, they learned how to harvest seeds from spent flowers. Each of the 15 children planted a container of nutritious microgreens (broccoli, kale, cabbage, or lettuce) to take home, care for, and of course eat!

August 3

Living with Alzheimer’s Disease in the Early Stages Class for Caregivers August 4 & 11

Budgeting & Credit Course July 26 & 27

Six Workforce Development youth employees participated in this class on goal setting and spending analyzation skills to show how to create a spending plan. Youth were also introduced to credit reports and credit scores. The CCESC educator focused on ways to successfully use credit, to build a credit report, and traps to avoid.

Tai Chi for Arthritis (for Fall Prevention) August 1 & 2 Mamakating Town Hall and Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County are the locations of two eight week long (16 sessions each) Tai Chi for Arthritis trainings. Each class of 20 participants will learn six basic Sun style Tai Chi movements over the course of the eight weeks, with the goal of decreasing arthritis pain and stiffness and improving balance.

Bonnie Lewis from the CRC met with caregivers at the Fallsburg Public Library for this series which assists caregivers to find answers when adjusting to the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. It reviews what plans need to be made and what resources are available.

Consumer Smarts & Business Plans August 8 & 9 Six Workforce Development youth employees learned the rights and responsibilities of a consumer and ways to deal with consumer related issues.

Topics included sample complaint letters, personal information protection, ID theft, and security. The second program discussed the components of a business plan and why to create a business plan, with resources young business people can pursue.

National Youth Science Day Training August 12

Three 4-H volunteers, one 4-H teen leader, and one 4-H staff member traveled to CCE Broome County to take Page 14

Extension Connection

advantage of a regional training opportunity to prepare for the upcoming National Youth Science Day (NYSD) challenge. The 2016 NYSD engineering challenge, “Drone Discovery,” seeks to engage youth with fun and educational activities related to aerospace, flight, and unmanned vehicles.

The Sullivan County 4-H program is planning to participate in the challenge by offering an event this fall.

Financial Educator 101 August 15 & 16 This program was offered to sixty Workforce Development youth employees over a two day period. Youth learned budgeting, goal setting, credit pitfalls, and traps as well as ways to use credit wisely and make it work for the consumer. Presentation also covered building credit scores and reports and the effects different credit scores have on interest numbers.

What Is Tai Chi for Fall Prevention?

August 16 Thirteen members were present at the Family Council at Sullivan County Adult Care Center for a presentation on tai chi, it’s benefits, and principles.

Participants learned the basic warm up exercises, followed by a demonstration of the first tai chi movement called “Commencement”.

Junior Master Gardener #3: Entomology Workshop August 24 Ten youth attended this program where they learned about entomology, the study of insects, and how it relates to our world of gardening. The group reviewed the definition of an insect, what their lifecycle looks like, what they eat, and how to identify them in the backyard.

September, 2016

September, 2016

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Protect Your Back!

September 14, 2016 4:30 - 6:00 pm Extension Education Center Liberty, NY Lecture and demonstrations on using good body mechanics. Learn the SAFE ways to move your body and back -- as you help to lift and transfer your loved one.

Presented by Jill Hubert-Simon, Sullivan County Public Health Educator

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu Visit sullivancce.or g

Junior Master Gardener Workshop September 14 | Grow It... Pick It... Cook It… Eat It! Enjoy “food for thought” on harvesting your own grown food, and reflect on the season.

Active Trails Hiking Bus Trip

Individuals: $15 | Enrollees/ 4-H*: $10

Supporting healthy living by getting people out and active in national parks through projects promoting recreation and exercise.

October 8 | Mongaup River Trail | Gov’t Center, Monticello - During prime leaf-peeping season, this moderately difficult, 2 mile long hike is appropriate for older adults and families, and takes about an hour to complete.

Board the bus at 10:00 am sharp in the back lot at the Government Center or meet at hike site if registered.

Bus trip is FREE. Registration is required.

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu Visit sullivancce.or g Page 16

6:00 - 7:30 pm at the Extension Education Center Paid, pre-registration is required. Sorry, no refunds.

Partial scholarships are available with support from Sullivan Renaissance. *CCESC enrollment is $25 per household, annually.

4-H youth membership is free.

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cornell.edu

Visit sullivancce.org Extension Connection

September, 2016

Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, Dependent Care Educator Falls are NOT a normal part of aging; most falls can be prevented, and individuals have the power to reduce their risk. Steps to help prevent a fall include exercising, managing medications, having your vision checked, and making your living environment safer.

poor lighting. Make simple home modifications, such as adding grab bars in the bathroom, a second handrail on stairs, and non-slip paint on outdoor steps.

Every year on the first day of fall (September 22 for 2016), we celebrate National Falls Prevention Awareness Day to bring attention to this growing public health issue. To promote greater awareness and understanding, here are 10 common myth, and the reality, about older adult falls:

Reality: While we do lose muscle as we age, exercise can partially restore strength and flexibility. It’s never too late to start an exercise program. Even if you’ve been a “couch potato” your whole life, becoming active now will benefit you in many ways—including protection from falls.

Myth 1: Falling happens to other people, not to me.

Reality: Many people think, “It won’t happen to me.” But the truth is that 1 in 3 older adults—about 12 million—fall every year in the U.S. Myth 2: Falling is something normal that happens as you get older.

Reality: Falling is not a nor mal par t of aging. Strength and balance exercises, managing your medications, having your vision checked, and making your living environment safer are all steps you can take to prevent a fall.

Myth 5: Muscle strength and flexibility can’t be regained.

Myth 6: Taking medication doesn’t increase my risk of falling.

Reality: Taking any medication may increase your risk of falling. Medications affect people in many different ways and can sometimes make you dizzy or sleepy. Be careful when starting a new medication. Talk to your health care provider about potential side effects or interactions of your medications.

Myth 7: I don’t need to get my vision checked every year.

Reality: Some people believe that the best way to prevent falls is to stay at home and limit activity. Not true. Performing physical activities will actually help you stay independent, as your strength and range of motion benefit from remaining active. Social activities are also good for your overall health.

Reality: Vision is another key r isk factor for falls. Aging is associated with some forms of vision loss that increase risk of falling and injury. People with vision problems are more than twice as likely to fall as those without visual impairment. Have your eyes checked at least once a year and update your eyeglasses. For those with low vision there are programs and assistive devices that can help. Ask your optometrist for a referral.

Myth 4: As long as I stay at home, I can avoid falling.

Myth 8: Using a walker or cane will make me more dependent.

Reality: Over half of all falls take place at home. Inspect your home for fall risks. Fix simple but serious hazards such as clutter, throw rugs, and

Reality: Walking aids ar e ver y important in helping many older adults maintain or improve their mobility.

Myth 3: If I limit my activity, I won’t fall.

September, 2016

Extension Connection

1 in 3 older adults (about 12 million) fall every year in the United States

However, make sure you use these devices safely. Have a physical therapist fit the walker or cane to you and instruct you in its safe use.

Myth 9: I don’t need to talk to family members or my health care provider if I’m concerned about my risk of falling. I don’t want to alarm them, and I want to keep my independence.

Reality: Fall pr evention is a team effort. Bring it up with your doctor, family, and anyone else who is in a position to help. They want to help you maintain your mobility and reduce your risk of falling.

Myth 10: I don’t need to talk to my parent, spouse, or other older adult if I’m concerned about their risk of falling. It will hurt their feelings, and it’s none of my business.

Reality: Let them know about your concerns and offer support to help them maintain the highest degree of independence possible. There are many things you can do, including removing hazards in the home, finding a fall prevention program in the community, or setting up a vision exam.

Source: National Council on Aging ~ https://www.ncoa.org/healthy-aging/ falls-prevention/preventing-falls-tipsfor-older-adults-and-caregivers/ debunking-the-myths-of-older-adultfalls/

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(Continued from page 10.)

(Continued from page 7.) plot of ginseng grown from seed and goldenseal, another rare herbaceous perennial that has income potential. A demonstration of gourmet mushrooms will also be established this spring.

These demonstration plots will be used to show producers and visitors some sources of alternative income available in their forests.

A repository of ginseng from six southern states was also established to observe the ability of the transplants to survive a northern climate and to provide germplasm and genetic material for future projects.

Source: Written by Colin Campbell, Lew Staats, and Bob Beyfuss Uihlein Sugar Maple Field Station

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Set aside at least ten minutes to eat sitting down. However, if this isn’t possible, there are many healthful breakfast options that can be eaten on the run. To lessen the time burden in the morning, prepare breakfast the night before.

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Aim for at least one serving of fruits or vegetables. Work your way up to two or more.

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Breakfast should make up onefourth to one-third of daily caloric needs.

Who said you have to eat typical breakfast foods? As long as what you’re eating is nutrient dense and getting your metabolism going, it doesn’t matter what it is. There’s nothing wrong with eating a turkey sandwich on whole grain bread or rice and beans for breakfast!

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Choose foods that contribute fiber, protein, and healthy fats. All are essential nutrients and keep you feeling full and running efficiently until that mid-morning snack or lunch.

As you develop your breakfast habit, here are some tips to keep in mind: 

Principal Investigators and Cooperators include: Bob Beyfuss - Cornell Cooperative Extension American Ginseng Specialist, Dr. Louise Buck - Agroforestry Specialist Cornell University, Dr. Marianne Krasny, and Jeff Murphy Uihlein Sugar Maple Field Station.

Sources: Clevelandclinic.org, schoolnutrition.org, actionforhealthykids.org

Eat something within the first hour of waking.

It’s okay to have something small upon waking, followed by a midmorning breakfast or snack.

Follow Us! Facebook & Twitter @CCESullivan Instagram @CCE_Sullivan_County

Visit Us On the Web SullivanCCE.org

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Extension Connection

September, 2016

Submitted by Dayna Gaeta, Community Horticulture Program Educator There are three rust diseases: cedarapple rust, hawthorn rust, and quince rust. The most common is cedar-apple rust.

All three must spend part of their life cycles on red cedar. These diseases can cause economic losses in several ways.

Severe leaf infection and defoliation may make trees susceptible to winter injury. Severe defoliation reduces fruit size and quality, and infected fruit is deformed, sometimes very seriously.

The hosts of cedar-apple rust are leaves and fruit of apple and crabapple trees.

Of hawthorn rust, hosts are leaves of pear, hawthorn, apple, and crabapple; and of quince rust, hosts are the leaves and fruit of quince and the fruit of pear, apple, and crabapple.

Symptoms On leaves, cedar-apple rust, caused by the fungus gymnosporangium juniperivirginianae, first appears as small, pale yellow spots on the upper surfaces. The spots enlarge to about 1∕8 inch in diameter. Eventually, tiny, black, fruiting bodies (pycnia) become visible. Often, a number of orange-yellow protuberances (aecia) are produced in each spot on the underside of the leaf.

Infected leaves may remain on the tree or may become yellowed and drop.

Fruit lesions appear on the blossom (calyx) end. They are somewhat like leaf lesions but much larger and often cause fruit to become disfigured or to develop unevenly.

Light brown to reddish brown galls form on the branches of red cedar.

When they are dry and hard they may be ½ to 2 inches in diameter and are known as “cedar apples”. The galls’ surfaces are covered with depressions much like those on a golf ball. In the September, 2016

Aecia on the undersides of apple leaves or on fruit lesions themselves produce spores. Borne by winds, the spores may be carried back to the red cedar. After lodging in leaf axils or in crevices on cedar twigs, they germinate, infect the twig, and produce tiny galls the following spring. One year later, these galls become able to produce gelatinous horns bearing spores that can infect apple trees.

Disease Management

On leaves, cedar-apple rust first appears as small, pale yellow spots on the upper surfaces. The spots enlarge to about 1∕8 inch in diameter.

Photo credit: K. Peter. spring, when the “cedar apples” become wet, a yellow, gelatinous horn (telial horn) up to 2 inches long protrudes from each depression.

Disease Cycle Spores discharged from these gelatinous telial horns on red cedar are easily windborne, infecting apple leaves and fruit. Spore discharge begins at about the pink stage of apple bloom and is usually completed in a few weeks. Following a few wet periods, the cedar galls die. Basidiospores are produced within 4 hours at 52–77°F. Lesions on leaves begin to appear 10 to 14 days after infection. Visible fruit infections require a somewhat longer time.

Quince rust is economically important primarily when an extended wetting period (more than 48 hours) with a mean temperature above 50°F occurs between tight cluster and late pink bud stages.

Extension Connection

To minimize cedar apple rust infections, remove cedar trees located near orchards. Fungicide applications using EBDCs should be made at the pink bud stage of apples.

Source: Written by: Kari A. Peter, Assistant Professor, Penn State Cooperative Extension

Master Gardener Hort Tip: The sweet potato vine that everyone plants in their flower pots produce potatoes that are good to eat. Tastes great!

Reminder – don’t stop pulling weeds in the garden. Every weed you leave produces thousands of seeds for next year!

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Partner Spotlight - Hofer Log & Lumber Hofer Log and Lumber, located in Callicoon, NY, is a staple of the agricultural community that is owned and operated by Matthew Hofer and family.

Not only do they supply lumber and shavings to farmers and businesses, but also are a huge supporter of their community.

Thanks, Hofer Lumber!

Because of this we would like to recognize them for their donations to the Sullivan County Youth Fair and the sponsorships to the agricultural and 4-H Youth Development programs here at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County.

Every year, the Hofer family donates to the fair and several other ag programs, regardless of the situation.

Without their support, we would not have been able provide such quality products in our programs.

We greatly appreciate their dedicated support over the years!

Volunteer Spotlight - Susan Swann

Farm Spotlight - Somewhere In Time

Susan Swann has been a committed Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County Master Gardener Volunteer since the fall of 2012. Many MG Volunteers go above and beyond their call of duty, and Susan is no exception.

Somewhere In Time Farm, owned and managed by Justin Sutherland and family, is located in Parksville, NY. This 1.5 acre vegetable farm grows over 30 different types of vegetables and also has fresh herbs and cut flowers. The Sutherlands distribute their produce to local farmers’ markets, restaurants, and cafes.

Susan not only participates in important efforts like fielding gardening questions from the public, but also volunteers at various community events in order to share what our programs have to offer, and her passionate interest in gardening.

She and her husband have even set up a holiday tree in our lobby out of the goodness of their hearts, for several years and decorated it with a new theme each time.

Next year, they plan on starting a CSA, where the customer pays a set price for the season and receives a weekly share of the harvest direct from the farm. This year is their first year in operation and they are excited to expand and diversify on the land that was once farmed by Justin’s grandfather and great-grandfather, continuing the family tradition.

Her positive attitude alone can make anybody smile but her hort skills truly impress.

We thank Susan for her enthusiasm and her hard work!

Photo credit: Jason R. Dole Page 20

Extension Connection

September, 2016

4-H Member Spotlight - Erin D. Fifteen year old Erin D. has consistently and cheerfully put forth extraordinary effort to make her seven years of membership in the CCE Sullivan County 4-H program full of memorable experiences.

Currently a member of the Hobby Horse 4-H club, she is also a youth member of the Sullivan County 4-H Horse Task Force— the CCESC committee that plans, organizes, and manages educational youth development opportunities in the Equine project area.

A key teen leader assistant in the Horse Barn during the 2016 Fair, she helped keep the horse shows and activities running smoothly, including the annual 4-H Horse Shoe Sales Fundraiser which raised $1,504.28 this year for the county horse program!

In addition to her longstanding interest in all things horse,related, Erin has pursued a variety of project areas both with her club and independently, particularly showing excellence in public speaking, horticulture, fine arts and crafts, as well as community service. Her project work has advanced to regional and state levels of evaluation, including District Public Presentations, Regional Horse Bowl/ Hippology, and the New York State Fair, and she consistently takes advantage of additional experiential learning activities such as 4-H Equine 101 Camp at Morrisville and the Cornell University School of Veterinary Science Open House.

As a teen leader for many 4-H and CCESC events, she continues to provide mentorship and a positive role model for younger members. With a few more years of membership ahead of her, Erin’s hard work will continue to have positive impact for our county!

September, 2016

Extension Connection

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CCE Master Forest Owner Volunteer Solicitation The 2016 Master Forest Owner (MFO) training will be held from September 7-10 at the Cornell University Arnot Teaching and Research Forest in Van Etten, NY (www.arnotforest.info). The $125 ($200 per couple) fee helps defray the cost of publications, food, and equipment for the four-day training. Volunteers may stay at the Arnot at no additional cost. The training combines classroom and outdoor field experiences on a variety of woodland management and educational topics.

The MFO volunteer program has expanded support to volunteers, improved monitoring of woodland owner needs and requests, and streamlined documentation for impacts. We need your assistance in identifying woodland owners to serve as candidates for the training of new volunteers. Please identify one or two woodland owners that are sincerely interested in sustainable woodland management and who we can train to spread the word about woodland management resources.

MFO volunteers meet with woodland owners to listen to their woodland goals, concerns, and questions. Volunteers then offer sources of assistance and encourage owners to work with professionals. The success of this program is grounded in the power of approximately 150 peer woodland counselors.

Volunteers can be from any background, young or old, resident or absentee, large or small parcels, with varied woodland experiences. Candidates receive a bit of forest management training, but the program is primarily designed to help them develop as volunteers for peer-to-peer counseling to encourage sustainable woodland management. Apply at http://

bit.ly/2ahiUiB Once you’re signed up, let us know so we can recognize you with our local association!

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Extension Connection

September, 2016

Submitted by Marylin Jones, 4-H Program Coordinator When adolescents encounter failures along the way to their goals, why do some people give up while others keep going? Research on “mindsets” offers one answer: youth may hold different beliefs about whether their abilities are fixed or can be improved with effort.

In the March 2016 issue of “Research Facts and Findings” by ACT for Youth Center of Excellence, a collaboration of Cornell University, the University of Rochester, and the Center for School Safety, author Kristen Elmore reports that people use lay theories, sets of assumptions about the social world, to interpret their experiences.

In turn, she notes that mindsets are a specific lay theory about the nature of human traits. Mindsets are categorized into two distinct types:  Fixed Mindset: T raits are fixed

and stable. Suggests that you have little control over your traits; you’re stuck with what you’ve got.  Growth Mindset:

Traits are malleable, can be changed. Suggests that you can control your traits and increase your ability.

Research on mindsets has shown that those with a fixed mindset tend to do less well than those with a growth mindset. Students reporting a fixed mindset were more likely to demonstrate a helpless response to failure, interpreting failure as reflecting an unchangeable lack of ability. In contrast, students with a growth mindset interpreted failure as reflecting an ineffective strategy or approach. Children with growth mindsets were able to remain positive, attempt new strategies, and sustain interest in difficult tasks that offered opportunities to learn, whereas when given the choice, chilSeptember, 2016

dren with fixed mindsets chose easier tasks to demonstrate competence and repair self-esteem.

Notably these mindset differences are most likely to matter when students are struggling or encountering failure.

Individual differences in beliefs about the nature of traits emerge as early as preschool and are shaped over time by messages that children receive from a number of sources, including parents, teachers, and culture. The focus of parents’ praise matters; young people who receive parental praise focused on their effort (rather than their ability) are more likely to have growth mindsets years later. Feedback from teachers, both praise and criticism, also affects children’s mindsets depending upon whether the feedback focuses on the person or the process. Research into different types of feedback demonstrates that children who receive person-focused praise (e.g., “You must be smart at these problems.”) adopt more fixed mindsets and display maladaptive responses to failure, compared to children who receive processfocused praise (e.g., “You must have worked hard at these problems.”).

However, there is encouragement that mindsets are also sensitive to influence from situational factors and interventions. A number of interventions have been developed and evaluated that successfully teach young people to adopt a growth mindset. These growth mindset interventions have been particularly useful for students who face negative stereotypes about their performance based on their race or their gender.

Mindsets influence our goals, motivation, and achievement across many domains. Fortunately, they are not set in stone. Even in small day-to-day interactions, focusing feedback and Extension Connection

praise on adolescents’ effort and progress can be a powerful way to encourage youth to be resilient rather than helpless when they encounter challenges in pursuit of their goals.

Sources: Adapted from Kristen Elmore’s article “Mindset and Motivation in Adolescence” found at www.actforyouth.net with a complete list of references. Additional Mindset resources may be found at http:// mindsetonline.com/, https:// www.mindsetkit.org/ and http:// www.mindsetworks.com/

Interest List for Fly Fishing Club Anyone who is interested in starting a 4-H fly fishing club at the Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum in Livingston Manor can contact the CCESC office to add your name to the interest list. Call Colleen at 845-292-6180 or e-mail her at cm638@cornell.edu.

Interest List for Alpaca Livestock Club Anyone who is interested in starting a 4-H alpaca club can contact the CCESC office to add your name to the interest list. Call Michelle at 845-292-6180 or e-mail her at mml249@cornell.edu.

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Cornell has the only agricultural school in the Ivy League

The red and purple in leaves is caused by sugars from sap that is trapped inside of the leaves.

Farming dictated when elections were held in the 1800s; the agrarian economy was an important factor, and farmers weren’t able to travel easily until the harvest was over, so elections happened in the late fall

“Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful, and most noble employment of man.”

– George Washington

Didaskaleinophobia is the fear of going to school

NY State Fair Syracuse, NY August 25 - September 5 For a complete list of visit: http://nysfair.ny.gov/

Beaver lodges typically contain two dens; one for drying off after Before the school entering the lodge under calendar became national, water, and a second, geography determined when dryer den students attended classes. where the family In small, rural areas, school ran will live from December to March, and and socialize May to August, so that

events,

youth could help plant in the spring and harvest in the fall.

September is National: The average classroom pencil can write approximately 45,000 words

Literacy Month Food Safety Education Month Classical Music Month Preparedness Month Little League Month Service Dog Month Honey Month Good Manners Month Recovery Month

Farmers’ Market Survey TAKE A SHORT SURVEY TO HELP LOCAL MARKETS You can remain 100% anonymous – We’d love your honest feedback.

Visit www.sullivancce.org and click on the survey that describes you best.

Open House on the Farm

The Country Quilters 13th Biannual Quilt Show

Sprucegate Holsteins Dairy, 302 Wallkill Rd., Walden, NY 12586 Saturday, October 15, 2016 10:00 am - 3:00 pm

September 24 & 25

A wonderful outing for the entire family...

Don’t forget to bring the camera!

Open House on the Farm 2016 is coordinated by Cornell Cooperative Extension Orange County and sponsored by Farm Credit East. Only $1/ person suggested donation.

For more info call 845-344-1234 or visit: http://cceorangecounty.org/ events/2016/10/15/open-house-on-thefarm

The Country Quilters will hold their thirteenth biannual quilt show September 24 and September 25, 2016 from 10a.m. until 4p.m. at the Pine Bush High School, 156 State Route 302, Pine Bush, NY. Admission is $7 per day or $10 for both days.

In addition to an amazing quilt display, the show will include, guest speaker Susan Reich, Invitational of Antique Quilts –“Scrap Happy,” a gallery talk, a judged show, a variety of quilt related vendors, a craft supply sale, a block contest, a boutique with Quilts and quilt related items for sale, demonstrations, door Prizes, AQS Appraisals by Sue Reich, and raffle prizes which include Quilt, Quilter’s Attic gift certificate or a handmade basket full of quilting fabric, and a raffle to support the guild’s Pine Bush High School Scholarships! Food and beverages will be available for purchase.

For more information on the show, how to register your quilt, and how to become a vendor for the show visit the guild’s web site: https://www.countryquilters.org Contact: Kelli Palinkas Greer at 845-744-3055 and kellipalinkas@yahoo.com or Cyndi Beres at 845-283-6815 and RBERES@hvc.rr.com.

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Extension Connection

September, 2016

Charles Keating Cell: 570-430-1045 Fax: 570-689-2688

Member Exchange ANIMALS & SUPPLIES

 Cattle Feed Bran $160 ton delivered call 845

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292-9224 for information Ewes, lambs for sale. Il de Franc x Dorset crosses. Easy keepers. All twins, some blacks.

Triplet 2 year old ram. Freezer lambs. La Mancha doe and female twins. Apple Pond Farm 845 482 4764 Rabbits for all Reasons and Chicks to Hens of Many Breeds. Member of A.R.B.A. for 37 years. 845-888-0274 Oak Ridge Farm – Horses Boarded, Large Indoor arena, excellent quality hay grown on farm, lessons available 845-482-4686 Lashside Farm. Full board or turnout. 845-292 -3765 Retired Horse Boarding on 45 acre farm. Your horse will be well taken care of on our peaceful farm. 845-482-4779 Lambs, Baby Goats and Hay 845-434-7764 Registered Polled Hereford Bulls for Sale.

Bred cows. Call Stone Ridge Farm 845-4394359 Trout for sale. 6"-8" Brook Trout. Delivered or picked up. Call Beaverkill Trout Hatchery for details. 845-439-4947 Bring us your retiring horse or those in need of rest. We will provide personalized care on our 50 acre farm at reasonable cost. Heaven’s Gait Farm 1-516-721-9173.

For Sale: Miniature Donkey Jacks. 845-4824061 Goats for sale. 845-252-7434

AUTOS & OTHER VEHICLES

 4 person peddle boat, Large, Mint heavy duty ~ 2003 Arctic Cat pantera, 2 up(seater) 2000 miles, mint condition snowmobile ~ Artic cat 370cc snowmobile 1000 miles. Mint condition Call for prices Pete (845-557-8678) petetraina4u@yahoo.com

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EQUIPMENT FOR SALE  Buhler Grain 180 Roller Mill PTO Drive Auger

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Discharge new $4000. 8”x24’ Auger Electric Motor & Hopper Never Used $1000 call 845292-6960.  16 x7 dual axle Cargo Mate Trailer for $2,500, call Denise at 845-807-7540  5 Power Angle Plow for 1980’s CJ Jeep all controls work $450 845-985-7052  John Deere 3010, Diesel, WFE, Dual Hyd. Outlets, Rops. Asking $6,000. 845-551-1649

MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE  Need great bags & purses? Contact Tanya@

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September, 2016

Initials,inc.www.myinitials-inc.com/ tanyahuggler ; tanyasinitialsinc@gmail.com ; (845)807-7502 ; Initials,inc. Creative Partner.

Little Bear of Aspen Snow Shoes—2 pr. $45 973-890-1747 Leave message 300 gal gas tank with hand pump on skids $300.00 845-647-8506 Casio- multi function display electric keyboard with stand. 845-887-5288 Lawn Stork-A sign you rent out when someone is having a baby. Start your own business $200.00 OBO 845-557-6090 Maytag 16 cu freezer 2 yrs old $200; Full Size Microwave $25; 2 two drawer file cabinets $10

Extension Connection

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ea. Dorm size fridge $10 292-5098 Narrowsburg Yarn for sale. Alpaca 2 ply& core yarn 516941-7207 2 slots machines, mint working condition.

Lights and sound with tokens ~ Antique Mantle clocks (mint) Many other items Pete 845-5578678 petetraina4u@yahoo.com 1983 Glassport 19' 7'' inboard/outboard, 350 Chevy and 20' dual axle trailer. Needs work.

Make offer. 203 740 0167 Hot water radiators 25.5" x 15.5" to 47" [10 total] and 19" x 36.5" and 39" BO 203-7400167 Men’s size 8 chest high fishing waders with felt soles. Worn once paid $200 asking $85.

914-237-2329.

5 foot 3 pt. hitch Woods Finish Moore RM59.

Asking $500. 434-6850

HAY FOR SALE  For Sale: 4X4 Round Bales $15.00 ea. 845482-4061

 HAY – Square Bales - Local Delivery available 845-887-4582

 Hay 1st, 2nd, 3rd square, round and wrapped.

Protein – 19.1 – 22.6 composted. Topsoil, sand, gravel and cattle. 845-985-7866  Hay square bales 845-807-2532  Round Hay Bales for sale – 583-6024

(Continued on page 26.)

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Member Exchange (Continued from page 25.)

FARMERS’ MARKET CORNER

 Mountain Side Farm 100% Grass Fed Beef &   

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Pure NY Maple Syrup 845-742-6281, 845-7334809 Wacky Weeds Produce Natural Grown Certified Wholesale Farmer 845-693-1153 Muthig Farm - Maple Syrup, Maple Cream, Maple Jelly, Maple Sugar. Tours in March by apt. 845 -292-7838 Justus Asthalter Maple Syrup Inc. – New & used maple equipment & supplies for all size maple producers. Syrup, Cream, Candies, we ship anywhere. Sugar Hill Containers and Leader glass in stock. Call us at 845-292-8569 or email family@justusmaple.com/ www.justusmaple.com CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HONEY Pollen, propolis, Royal Jelly, bee supplies & equipment.

Hives supers frames from our shop. Save $$ Jim Kile 845-647-6759 Farm fresh real food prepared and delivered weekly. Naturalcontents.com 888-551-8625 Wahldairyfarm.com Home grown Pork, Beef and Eggs. Guinea Fowl – 845-887-5737 Asian Specialty Vegetables. Charlie Koh. Seon Organic Farm 631-599-0072 Nutritious and Delicious Home Made Soups and Breads delivered to your door.

Woodridgesoupemporium.com Organic Garlic for sale; reasonable prices. Call John 845-292-1195 "Dogs Luv'em" all natural Murray's chicken dog treats. 845-283-1128 Story’s Neversink Plant Co.-Rare succulents and interesting plants. By app’t. Only. John W. Story, Proprietor 845-985-5071 Korwan's Nursery Rhododendrons, perennials, trees, shrubs, and woodcarving. Landscaping 845-482-3345 Beaverkill Trout Hatchery- top quality trout, brook, brown & rainbow for sale. Trout preserve open Apr.1- Labor Day- 845-439-4947 email: troutlady61@yahoo.com THEODORA ORGANIC FARM Email: Theodoraorganicfarm@gmail.com- 646-710-0505 “No Farms, No Food” On farm vegetable and fruit stand open Saturday 10-2. River Brook Farm, Cochecton, NY 845-932-7952 Fertrell organic fertilizers, soil amendments and complete soil testing with recommendations available. Baron Organics, Products & Support, Jeffersonville, NY 12748. 845-482-3902 BK Logging Firewood for Sale—Standing Timber Wanted hard & soft wood 845-292-4942

FOR BETTER BUSINESS  Steven N. Mogel Attorney At Law 457 Broadway, STE 16A Monticello, NY 12701 www.sullivancountylawyers.com 845-791-4303

Page 26

 Klein's Tax Service. 25+ Years Experience.   

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(845) 292-9225 Free photographic app’ts by appointment 845434-3147 Liz Lawrence I. Oestrich- Licensed land Surveyor, Estimates, Boundaries, and Subdivisions. 845791-4541 Licensed Security Guards & Any size property patrol. Alarm & camera installation with central station. Since 1980” When you are away your neighbors will play” Reasonable rates. 845-557 -8678. petetraina4u@yahoo.com Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto and life, group benefits and health plans-please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794-5544 ext 2615 for free no obligation quote.

Muthig & Sons - Landscaping - Logging Decks - Roofs - Firewood (845) 807-1711 Clown for all occasions, info @ www.misssunshinetheclown.com for all your party entertainment. 845-807-6222 Wurtsboro Veterinary Clinic- 163 Sullivan St. Box 190, Wurtsboro, NY 12790 845-888-4884 Dr. Linda Tintle, Dr. Dean Tinter, Dr. Nancy Odell, Dr. Joe D’Abbraccio Norbert’s Clock Repair. Antique specialist. Fair Price. For estimate/pickup 845-887-5831 Old interesting barn finds? Call for free appraisal 482-4901 Hartley Consulting, INC. Strategic Development for Non Profits. www.hartleyconsulting.com Duke Pottery. www.dukepottery.com Pottery Studio, Art Gallery, Gift Shop. Open Year Round, Fri, Sat, Sun 11:00-5:00 or by chance.

855 Co. Rd. 93, Roscoe, NY O&L Digital Photo- Weddings, Sweet 16, Birthdays, Baptisms and special events. Album packages & DVD video. 845-932-5020 or 917693-9891 www.dbase.com or olima@msn.com

FURNITURE & HANDMADE ITEMS  Visit Charlie Barbuti Furniture Mall for all your furniture and mattress needs. 292-4826 www.barbutifurniture@verizon.net  Majek Furniture- Full Line Furniture and Mattress showroom; www.Majekfurniture.com

FOR A BETTER YOU

 Strumpflers Mt View Cottages 845-252-7494  Jin Shin Jyutsu, Near Grahamsville. Energetic, Harmonizing 647-6572

 Yoga classes near Neversink Dam. Gentle stretches for seniors and beginners. Schedule Mon, Wed, Sat a.m. Thurs. p.m. I free introductory class. Yoga improves flexibility & health.

Reiki sessions by appt. Relieve stress & pain.

Call Joy 845-292-7870

HELP WANTED  Looking to work on a farm this summer? Call

ble. Must have transportation to Swan Lake.

845-701-2572.

REAL ESTATE – AGENCIES, PROPERTIES, & RENTALS

 Strumpflers Boarding House- 845-252-6675  Catskill Brokers, Inc. Real Estate Services.

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Cynthia L. Johnson, Broker. Woodbourne, NY 845-434-7860- email: catskillbrokers@hvc.rr.com For all your real estate needs come for a visit and stay for a lifetime. “Trout Town USA” Roscoe, NY. Sullivan County, Delaware County – Lilly@elliot-pomeroy.com McKean Realtors – Farms and Lake Front Homes 845-583-6003 Barbanti Realty- 40 years in business- 845-292 -2800 Rieber Realty, Monticello, NY 845-794-0211. www.RieberRealty.com

WANTED  Looking for a piglet to raise for 4 months for slaughter.

733-4031 or emaill ler384 @hotmail.com  Wanted: Speedex Tractors Parts & Accessories 845-557-8030  Wanted: Llama for pet. Please call 845-4823509  Wanted: Side Delivery Hay Rake in Working Condition. Call Mike 482-3628

ORGANIZATIONS & EVENTS  Garden Lovers – consider joining a garden club. Meets 3rd Tues. of each month. Call 845794-6139  Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto, life, group benefits & health plans – please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794 -5544 ext 2615 for a free no obligation quote.

Earl Kinney

Excavating & Trucking Ready To Meet Your Needs Free Estimates - 40 Years Experience  DRAINAGE  SEPTIC SYSTEMS  FOUNDATIONS  DRIVEWAYS  ROADS  PONDS  LAND CLEARING  GRADING STONE SAND GRAVEL REDSHALE

No Job Too Big or Too Small

887-5540

OFFICE - 46 ROCK AVE., HORTONVILLE EVENINGS - 887-5647

Marilyn about a traveling farm position availa-

Extension Connection

September, 2016

Follow Us! Facebook & Twitter @CCESullivan Instagram @CCE_Sullivan_County

Visit Us On the Web

Trucking & Hauling

Specializing in Saving Trees Insects Disease Fertilization And now Lawn Spraying

Fully Insured (845) 985-3073

Registered NYS Business

(845) 798-0642

Bulldozing

J. HUGHSON EXCAVATING, INC. - CONSTRUCTION -

Foundations — Sand — Gravel—Fill—Topsoil Septic Systems Installed

845-482-9826

PO Box 557 Jeffersonville, NY 12748

Page 28

Extension Connection

September, 2016