November Extension Connection Sullivan County 2014

Volume LXXXXV, No. 10

Liberty, NY -:- November, 2014

(USPS) 525 - 100

Farm Spotlight: Weiss Farm Corn Silage Farm Funding Opportunities Growing Succulents Swan Lake Castle & Sunken Garden Computer Safety Sauerkraut Poultry: Basting, Brining, and Marinating Food Danger Zone Take a Hike? Don’t Mind if I Do! The Family Hike Fundraiser was enjoyed by all who attended, especially these youth who decided to “work out”.

4-H Opportunities for Fiber Science Fun

Ten Caregivers Complete “Presence at the Bedside” Class Caregiving & the Ambiguous Loss Donation Helps Caregiver Resource Ctr Provide Improved Programming

Centennial Gala Farmers’ Health Insurance Seminar Maple Production School Growing Winter Greens & Tomatoes Greenhouse & High Tunnel Series Draped Cement Workshop

The sold out Holiday Pie Filling workshop was held in the EaT Kitchen on Saturday, October 25th.

Message from the Executive Director

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Sauerkraut

16

Corn Silage

4

Poultry: Basting, Brining, and Marinating

17

Farm Funding Opportunities

5

Food Danger Zone

18

Weiss Dairy Farm

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Out & About - Take a Hike? Don’t Mind if I Do!

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The Garden Gate - Growing Succulents

10

4-H Opportunities for Fiber Science Fun

21

Swan Lake’s Castle & Sunken Garden

12

Ten Caregivers Complete “Presence at the Bedside” Class

22

Financial Fitness - Computer Safety

10

Caregiving & Ambiguous Loss

23

Upcoming Programs & Events

14

Donation Helps CRC Provide Improved Programming

25

Centennial Gala

15

Membership Exchange

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Necessary Business The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903.

The Extension Connection

REGULAR OFFICE HOURS

Edited by: Nicole Slevin Layout & Design by: Tracey Argent Produced at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ~ Monday-Friday Phone (845) 292-6180 Website: www.sullivancce.org Email: sullivan@cornell.edu Twitter @ccesullivan Facebook \ccesullivan

Joan Howard……..…...…..…………………..………..President Earl Myers……………….………………….........Vice President Glenn Pontier……………………………...…………...Secretary Donna Willi..………………………….…….…………Treasurer

Mission: The Cornell Cooperative Extension system enables people to improve their lives and communities through partnerships that put experience and research knowledge to work.

Cooperative Extension in New York State provides Equal Program and Employment Opportunities. New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, New York State College of Human Ecology, and New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension Associations, County Governing Bodies, and the United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating.

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

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Staff Colleen Monaghan...……………..…...Interim Executive Director Melinda Meddaugh……..Ag & Natural Resources Issue Leader & County Ag Planner Sean Welsh………………………...Youth, Family & Community Development Team Leader Michelle Lipari………………...Ag & 4-H Community Educator Susan Dollard……………………...Master Gardener Coordinator Nicole Slevin………………………Director of Communications Bonnie Lewis……….......Caregiver Resource Center Coordinator SueAnn Boyd...…...Admin & Master Food Preserver Coordinator Marylin Jones...…………...….4-H Youth Development Educator Tracey Argent…………………...….Office & Personnel Manager Maria Grimaldi……….…………….Special Projects Coordinator Tara Van Horn...…………………………..Finance Administrator John Wilcox…………………….....Building & Grounds Manager Nancy Pierro…………………………....Administrative Assistant

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November, 2014

Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director cm638@cornell.edu With a month under my belt as executive director here at Cornell Cooperative Extension in Sullivan County, I can’t help but express my hope for CCESC and the County. For 100 years, Extension has served the community in good times and bad. Even through the last decade, which has proved especially challenging, CCESC has remained committed to fulfilling its land grant university mission. You see, Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County exists to serve you. Our most important charge is bringing you the most relevant and current research and solutions to the everyday issues we face in Sullivan County and the Hudson Valley region. If you’re not a member yet, I encourage you to call our office about the dozens of programs, projects, and resources we have to offer the community. As we wrap up our Centennial year I’m encouraged. Cornell University is celebrating 150 years with Engaged Cornell. This work will increase outreach and field research across the state. This, and the Statewide Extension System’s renewed focus on connecting university and communities through local Associations, sets the stage for our Extension office and constituents to really thrive. Despite several transitions here, in 2014, CCESC’s board of directors, staff, and 200+ volunteers, served over 100 farmers, and thousands of youth and families in every municipality in Sullivan County. Partnerships with organizations and groups like the Liberty Community Development Corporation, Sullivan Renaissance, SUNY Sullivan, Sullivan BOCES, Sullivan County Government, CCE Shared Business Network, and many others, weathered storms. CCESC still managed to move forward with several big projects that were dreams and visions and plans on paper napkins two years ago. Agriculture staff is back in the field hearing the concerns and successes of farmers, and providing education and clarification on current issues including Listeria testing and loan opportunities. A teaching greenhouse now sits on the Gerald J. Skoda Extension Education Center grounds. We had a ground breaking for the latest high tunnel project in October, and CCESC staff will work with partners, and master gardeners, on a comprehensive plan for these resources.

The EaT (Entrepreneurial and Teaching) Kitchen is slated for a grand opening for food entrepreneurs and educational classes in early 2015. The 4-H Youth Development program brought 316 animals and over 400 still exhibits to the 4-H Youth Fair which has been held for more than 50 years and hosted this year’s Annual Statewide 4-H Conference! In a few months Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County will release its annual report. I think you will be pleased with the programs and resources that have been shared this year, and as confident and energized as I am about our future. Moving forward, I will be working closely with our board and staff to ensure an Extension office that is stable, responsive, and thoughtful in decision making. I will connect with you, our members and partners, to understand how we can address community needs in creative ways through the five newly defined Extension program areas (Agriculture and Food Systems, Community and Economic Vitality, Environment and Natural Resources, Nutrition and Healthy Families, and Youth Development.) While barebones right now, Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County is strong in knowledge and passion. Building capacity to deliver the highest quality programs, and to be relevant, engaged, accessible, and valued by you is my priority. I thank you now for your patience and support during our growth process, and am so grateful for the opportunity to serve you through the Extension system, where every farmer, family, and young person are both constituents, and our most important local resource. Until next month, be well. Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

Thursday, December 11th ~ 7:00 pm Speaker: Scott J. Peters, Professor, Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University; Professor, Cultural Foundations of Education, Syracuse University Scott will be speaking on Extension Reconsidered Agenda will include volunteer recognition and board and program committee elections. Board and Program Committee nominees and their bios will be available on our website after November 12th.

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Submitted by Michalle Lipari, Ag and 4-H Livestock Community Educator Corn silage is a popular forage for ruminant animals because it is high in energy and digestibility and is easily adapted from stand-crop to time of feeding. Corn silage should have a light, pleasant smell with only a slight vinegar odor. It should be slightly brown to dark green. If it is dark brown or has an odor that is fruity, yeasty, burnt or rancid (butyric acid), excessive heating or improper fermentation has occurred. Knowledge of the silage process often explains why some silage may be of poor quality. Ensiling process Chopped forage is compressed as it is ensiled. The cells of the corn plant are still alive and breathing. This breathing by plant cells and microorganisms forms carbon dioxide and heat by using the trapped air. As carbon dioxide increases, an anaerobic condition is formed in the silo. Desirable bacteria start the fermentation process when plant respiration stops. If too much air is present or if carbon dioxide escapes, respiration will continue and the plant cells will use too much sugar and carbohydrates. This wastes nutrients needed by the desirable bacteria to "pickle" or preserve the green material as silage. This is why packing and covering immediately after filling is important. For desirable bacteria, the silage needs the exclusion of air, temperatures between 80 degrees and 100 degrees Fahrenheit and starches and sugars for food. Three different kinds of silage may be recognized according to the temperature during fermentation: Under-heated silage is drab green in color and has a strong odor, slimy soft tissues, and a pH of 5 or above. Over-heated silage ranges from brown to black and usually has a caramel odor of slightly burned sugar. Properly heated silage is light green to yellow in color and has a vinegar type odor, firm plant tissues, and a pH below 4.5. Harvesting Corn should be harvested for silage after the ear is well dented but before the leaves turn brown and dry. The quantity and quality of corn silage are at their peak in this stage of development. The ear has accumulated most of its potential feeding value, but there has been little loss from the leaves and stalks. After the dent stage, feeding value of corn stalks and leaves decreases while field losses increase. Page 4

Fall temperatures influence the maturity rate of the grain. Maturity usually refers to the time when the ear has accumulated 100 percent of its dry matter production potential. In many years this potential is not achieved because of cool temperatures and cloudy weather. Values listed in Table 2 may be used as a guide to determine when maximum dry matter production has occurred, but variety and weather interactions will exhibit some influence on the result. Ears usually will be well dented somewhere between the 32- to 35-percent moisture stage. Table Relationship of kernel moisture to yield potential Water in kernels

Yield of grain as percent of maximum

40 percent

93.5

38 percent

94.8

36 percent

96.3

34 percent

98.0

26 percent

100.0

21 percent

98.0

Corn harvested for silage in the milk or dough stage will yield less feed nutrients per acre than if harvested later. Corn silage that is cut late and has brown and dead leaves and stalks usually will make fair-to-good quality silage, but total production per acre may be sharply reduced. Field losses as high as 30 percent have been found when silage is made late into the fall or early winter. A 10 percent reduction in the amount of dry matter stored in the silo also has been noted with late-cut silage. Results of feeding trials with late-cut silage tend to vary, but in most cases the quality of late-cut corn silage has been slightly lower than silage made from corn cut soon after the dent stage of Stone the ear.Ridge Farm with pond View from Present research does not support recommending late-cut or mature corn silage as a standard farm practice. However,

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(Continued from previous page) it does indicate that in emergency conditions, corn may be harvested over a wide period of time and still make a satisfactory feed. Damaged corn for silage Corn that has been damaged by drought, high temperatures, blight, frost or hail can be salvaged for silage. Quality will not be as high as where corn has reached the dent stage. Feeding value will depend upon the state of development and how it is handled after the damage occurred. Silage from immature corn usually is higher in moisture, does not ferment in the same manner, frequently has a sour odor and is more laxative when fed in large quantities. Frosted corn has a low carotene content and should be cut as soon as possible. It will dry out quickly and lose leaves. It may be necessary to add water to corn that has frosted and become too dry to pack well. Drought corn may also need added water. When the corn forage is dry, keep the chopper knives sharp and chop as fine as possible. Immature corn that has been damaged by extremely high temperatures should not be immediately ensiled. Although these plants may never produce an ear, some additional stalk growth, and consequently some additional feed, may be produced by delaying harvest. If the plants are harvested for silage soon after they have been extensively damaged by heat, the stalk will have so much moisture that a very low quality silage will result. Nutrients also will decline significantly through seepage. Corn that has been damaged by leaf diseases such as the southern corn leaf blight often are made into silage. The blight organism is not believed to be toxic to ruminants. It also has been shown that it does not survive the ensiling process. In severe cases, a secondary infection of molds on the damaged areas of the plant may produce a harmful toxin. However, limited research indicates that this is unlikely. The greatest problem with this type of silage stems from its lack of energy due to reduced grain formation and improper fermentation due to the excessive dryness of the damaged plant. In severe cases where large areas of the corn plant are dead, fermentation problems caused by the lack of plant moisture could arise. Nitrates Under certain soil and environmental conditions, the corn plant may store an excessive amount of nitrogen compounds. Nitrate poisoning and drought conditions often are associatNovember, 2014

ed, but the condition is difficult to define. The degree of drought and nitrogen availability generally confuses the issue. As the soil moisture level becomes acute, nitrates move toward the soil surface above the corn roots. Some droughtstricken corn may be short of nitrate instead of oversupplied. If heavy rains occur at this point, excess nitrogen is leached downward and may be taken up by the corn root system. This could cause abnormally high nitrate levels in the plant. Under these conditions, avoid harvesting silage from the stricken fields for a few days. One measure that may be helpful in reducing the amount of nitrate in the silage is, to allow the corn plant to grow beyond the period of drought damage. If the plant is capable of making some regrowth following a drought, it may be able to use much of its excessive stores of nitrogen for additional regrowth. The highest concentrations of excessive nitrogen usually are in the lower portion of the stalk. Raising the chopper cutter blade so that the lower 18 or 20 inches of the stalk remain in the field also may reduce the concentration in the silage. Testing for nitrates before silage harvest is frequently unreliable as a feeding guide. Nitrate level in the plant changes rapidly from day to day and usually is reduced about 1/3 in the ensiling process. If silage is suspected to contain excessive nitrates, it can be detected by test prior to feeding. This analysis should be taken as near to the time when the silage will be fed as practical. Silo gases Lethal gases may occur at any time during silo filling. The greatest danger is 12 to 72 hours after filling, but gas may occur up to 10 days after the last silage is put in the silo. If the gases are present in higher concentrations, two of them, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) may be recognized by their irritating odor and color. Nitrogen dioxide is reddish brown and nitrogen tetroxide is yellow. Nitric oxide (NO) is a colorless gas that may be present in deadly concentrations without being visible. They often will layer on top of the silage just below the upper edge of the top door. They may settle down the chute to accumulate at the bottom of the silo, in unloading chutes, in adjacent feed room,s and may even move into the barn, loading areas, or milk houses. They usually leave a yellow stain on silage, wood or other materials they contact. The pres-

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Submitted by Melinda Meddaugh, Ag Issue Leader There are many opportunities for existing and begin$ ning farmers to access loan $ and grant programs, both locally and at the federal level. Below are some of these funding opportunities. To learn more, join Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County on Monday, December 8th from 1-3pm for a workshop on “Farm Funding Opportunities”. Representatives from the Sullivan County Division of Planning & Environmental Management, County of Sullivan IDA, Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources Conservation Service will be on hand to discuss their specific programs. For more information on the workshop, contact Melinda Meddaugh at CCESC at 845 -292-6180 or email mm2592@cornell.edu

$

Sullivan County Agri-Business Revolving Loan Fund The Sullivan County Revolving Loan Funds provide seed capital and early stage loans to eligible entrepreneurial companies who want to establish or expand within the county. Special consideration shall be given to assisting businesses owned and operated by persons of low-to-moderate income, as required by the specific program. For more information call the Sullivan County Division of Planning and Environmental Management at 845-807-0527 or visit http:// www.co.sullivan.ny.us/Website/tabid/3228/default.aspx. County of Sullivan Industrial Development Agency Agri-Business Revolving Loan Fund The IDA administers a revolving loan fund for agribusinesses. For more information on the loan program and an application contact the County of Sullivan IDA office at 845-295-2603 or visit their website at http:// www.sullivanida.com/incentives/loan-programs/

Catskill Mountainkeeper Capital Access $ $ Loan Program $ Catskill Mountainkeeper has created the Capital Access Loan Program to help farmers expand their businesses. After much research (in 2011 they commissioned the Western Catskill Region Foodshed Research & Analysis), they determined that our region’s best option for sustainable economic growth is agriculture. For more information call their office at 845-439-1230 or email info@catskillmountainkeeper.org or visit their website at: http://www.catskillmountainkeeper.org/capital-access/ Residential Agricultural Discount Program Are you a NYSEG Agricultural Customer? If you are, you may be eligible to receive a monthly discount on your electricity delivery bill beginning September 1, 2014. This discount is possible thanks to funding from the New York Power Authority’s (NYPA) ReCharge NY program for NYSEG’s Residential Agricultural Discount program. To learn more visit: http://www.nyseg.com/ResAgriculturalDiscount/ USDA National Agricultural Library: Grants & Loans for Farmers Although limited, financial support for small farms and farm-related businesses is available from a variety of Federal, state and local agencies and from non-governmental organizations. Start your search here: http:// afsic.nal.usda.gov/farms-and-community/grants-and-loansfarmers

Sullivan County Partnership for Economic Development Through the Sullivan Investments Revolving Loan Program and the Incubator Without Walls Revolving Loan Program, the Partnership provides financing along with technical assistance to businesses. For more information on the loan program and an application contact the SC Partnership office at 845-794-1110 or visit their website at http:// www.scpartnership.com/our-services/small-businessdevelopment

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CCESC Ag Staff , Melinda Meddaugh and Michelle Lipari, had the opportunity to stop at Weiss Dairy Farm in Swan Lake this past month. Up high on dairy farmer, Dave Weiss’s, list was chopping corn silage. The production was impressive. A constant delivery from the field to the bunk kept things moving right along. Making sure the bunk was well packed down and consistently filled. Michelle and Melinda were interested to hear his thoughts about this year’s yield and how the weather played its role.

Friday, November 14th 1:00 - 3:00 pm CCE Extension Education Center

Greenhouse & High Tunnel Series Growing Winter Greens & Tomatoes

This class is for farmers and anyone interested in learning about the Affordable Care Act and purchasing health insurance. Join Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County and a regional Healthcare Navigator for a session on the Affordable Care Act and health insurance options. Attendees will be able to review one-on-one healthcare options and the application process.

Thursday, November 13th 1:00 - 4:00 pm $20 per person CCE Extension Education Center Learn from Cornell Extension Vegetable Specialist Judson Reid on how to manage growing and understanding the economics of tomatoes and winter greens in various season extension systems. Also covered will be disease and pest management.

Please register by November 10th Call 845-292-6180 or email mml249@cornell.edu

Contact Melinda Meddaugh at mm2592@cornell.edu for more information.

SE HABLA ESPANOL Speaker can translate to Spanish if needed, please feel free to ask

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DHI Report Will Return Next Month Our apologies, due to technical issues at the DHI office, this month’s report was not available by print time. The report will be available after November 1st and will be printed in next months issue of the Extension Connection. Please feel free to call the office if you would like a copy of the report before the printing of the next newsletter. Extension Connection

November, 2014

(Continued from page 5) ence of dead birds and small animals around these areas is one indication that the gases are at dangerous levels. A few simple rules will prevent tragedy and injury:  Run the blower 15 to 20 minutes before going into a partly filled silo. Keep the blower running while anyone is inside. 

Stay out of the silo for at least a week or preferably two after the silo is filled.



If you experience the slightest throat irritation or coughing, get into fresh air quickly. Immediate treatment by a doctor is an absolute must.



Ventilate the silo room for at least two weeks after filling by opening outside doors and windows to carry away fumes. Removing the chute doors on the silo down to the level of the settled silage will permit natural ventilation where gas tends to be concentrated.



Keep the doors between the silo room and the barn closed to protect livestock.

Length of cut Corn silage should be cut into particles 1/2 to 3/4 inches in length. Particles of this size will pack more firmly in the silo and are more palatable to cattle. Very finely cut silage may be made with a recutter. This will increase the amount of dry matter that can be stored in a silo, but very finely cut silage is less palatable and has resulted in lower butterfat tests when this feed was the primary source of roughage for dairy cattle. Adapted from University of Missouri Extension

Saturday November 22nd 9:00 am – 3:00 pm Cornell Cooperative Extension Join Ryan Trapani from Catskill Forest Association and Steve Childs, the Cornell University Cooperative Extension State Maple Educator, for a full day program on maple tree management, tapping and tubing, and value added maple production. Registration fee is $30, lunch and materials included. Contact Michelle Lipari at mml249@cornell.edu for more information and for farm/organization rates. November, 2014

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Susan M. Dollard Master Gardener Program Coordinator

Now that the outdoor gardening season has ended for this year, my interests have turned to indoor gardening and plants. I have long been fascinated by succulents. If you are looking for an easy and interesting gardening project, why not try your hand at composing a container full of succulents. Local nurseries and garden centers have numerous varieties of these fascinating plants available.

taining adequate cultural conditionsbright light, and proper watering. Propagation Cacti and succulents can be propagated easily by stem cuttings. Many succulents will form new plants from leaves which have been broken off. Propagating a cutting is taking a piece from the original plant, placing the stem in the soil to form roots and therefore making a new plant.

The term succulent refers to a broad, loose category of plants, including cacti, which have developed thick fleshy leaves or stems. These serve as water storage organs to ensure survival under arid conditions. Succulents are found worldwide. Besides cacti, they include many familiar plants: the jade plant (crassula arborescens), the snake plant (sansevieria trifasciata), the medicine plant (aloe barbadensis), the century plant (agave americana), the flowering kalanchoes (kalanchoe blossfeldiana) sold as gift plants, as well as the sedums (sedum sp.), and hens and chicks (sempervivum sp.) so common in the perennial garden. General Care Many cacti and succulents benefit from spending the summer months outdoors. They should be placed in a semishaded, protected area of the yard and then gradually moved to a sunnier location. Avoid locations where they will receive the hot, intense sunlight from 11:00 am -3:00 pm. Once outdoors, these plants will require more water and so should be checked regularly. I just brought my succulent collection indoors and have placed it in a southern window. Good care of succulents includes not letting temperatures drop below 50 degrees, don’t over water them, let them dry out between watering and be sure to provide enough light for them. Cacti and succulents are not troubled much by pests. If they have mealy bugs or scale, the problem can be controlled by wiping them off with alcohol-dipped cotton swabs. Fungal or bacterial rots can almost always be prevented by main-

Here's how propagation of succulent cuttings can be done: 1. Use a clean razor blade or garden pruners to remove cutting just below a node of a non-flowering plant. A node is where the leaf attaches to the stem. It is best to take a cutting with at least four or more nodes. 2. Remove the leaves from the bottom two nodes. These nodes will be the site of your new roots. 3. Let cuttings air dry for a week before sticking the cutting into pre-moistened media. A rooting hormone can be dusted on the cut end to promote faster rooting and more uniformed rooting. Use new plug trays or reuse a sterilized annual flat from the previous season. 4. A mix of one part professional soilless media and one part course sand will provide a porous enough environment for good drainage and root growth. 5. Place in sunny window (south or west) and water only when soil media becomes dry. Overwatering will result in decay and poor root growth. 6. Roots have formed once top growth is increased or a delicate tug reveals resistance. Once roots are formed watering may need to be increased. 7. Do not transplant until healthy white roots have formed a root ball in the plug tray. This may take the rest of the winter and will guarantee a more successful succulent garden. (Continued on page 11)

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Making a Container Garden with Succulents Recently, succulents have gained popularity among gardeners because they can be easy to take care of and their texture and color make them appealing. The most popular succulent garden includes a variety of them planted in a shallow container. Succulent gardens need periodic care by taking cuttings or adding plants to keep up their neat appearance. While this may be an extremely attractive method of display, several precautions should be taken. Choose plants that are compatible in rate of growth so that one or two plants don't outgrow the rest. Even more important, the plants must have similar water requirements. Generally speaking, most cacti need less water than do other succulents. Since these shallow dishes seldom have drain holes, it is essential that the plants aren't overwatered. Broken clay pot shards or coarse gravel at the bottom of the container may provide a bit of drainage, but excess moisture will eventually be drawn back into the soil, which may keep the roots wet too long. It’s better to choose a pot with a drainage hole in the bottom. What you need:  Succulent plants - enough to fill your pot  Plastic window screening, paper towel, a coffee filter or a piece of newspaper  Cactus or succulent potting soil  Container with good drainage  Stones, gravel, sea glass or marbles for top dressing  Bright sunlight When choosing a container for succulent plants, make sure not to use one that is too big. Succulents have a shallow root system and prefer shallow pots. 1. Cut a piece of plastic window screening into a big enough piece to amply cover your pot's drainage hole or holes. This will keep your potting soil in and let the water out. If you don't have window screening, use newspaper, paper towel, or a coffee filter to cover the hole. 2. Add enough soil to the bottom of your pot so that the top of your succulent plants will sit below the rim of your pot. If there's enough room try to leave one half to an inch of space between the top of the soil and the rim of your pot. This makes it easier to water without soil and water overflowing the sides of your container.

tly thread your fingers through the plant and turn it on its side. If it’s stuck, just tap the container on the sides and bottom until your plant slides out. Or course, if you’re dealing with something spiny, wear thick gloves before you attempt handling. 4. Place plants, still in their nursery pots, into your container to get a general idea of where you want them to go. Move the plants around, still in their pots, until you’re satisfied with the arrangement. 5. Gently pack soil around and in between your plants. As you do this, be careful to keep the soil at the level the plant was in its nursery pot. You don’t want the new soil to touch the crown (the part of the plant that meets the soil) of your succulent plant. 6. Unless you are incredibly neat and tidy when adding your soil, it will get all over your plants, which, given all the nooks and crannies of succulents, can be particularly be difficult to clean off. Using a soft brush to gently sweep excess soil off can make the process much easier. I also blow gently on the plants to remove dirt that even the brush can’t get to. 7. After you've finished planting your container garden and cleaning it off, you will often have soil showing in between your succulent plants. To give your pot a finished look, choose a topdressing to cover the soil. Topdressing is a step that people often overlook, and it's a step that can take your pot from looking blah to amazing. 8. You can use almost anything for a top dressing that isn't porous and won't mix with your potting soil. Gravel, sea glass, marbles, or river rocks are common choices. Choose a colored or neutral material, depending on the look you want to achieve. Sometimes using a contrasting colored material for a top dressing can add zing to a pot. A more subtle top dressing can add elegance. The right topdressing can also tie all the elements in your pot together or it can make plants stand out. Remember during the winter, when plants are dormant, water much less frequently, keeping the soil on the dry side, but not letting it dry out entirely. Keep it in bright sunlight. Next summer you can enjoy your succulent garden outdoors. Resources: Cornell Cooperative Extension Nassau County http://www.midwestliving.com extension.illinois.edu

3. Carefully remove your succulent plants from their pots. When doing this, don’t just grab the plant and pull. GenNovember, 2014

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Submitted by Susan Dollard, Master Gardener Coordinator I recently had the pleasure of going on a tour of Swan Lake, NY with Nancy Levine and her faithful dog, Brodie. Nancy was raised in Swan Lake and still lives there. It’s obvious how much she loves her town and its citizens. Throughout our tour I was touched to see how many folks she knew by name. She took the time to chat with many of them asking about their health and families. As we drove through Main Street everyone waved to her and Brodie. I felt like I was with the Mayor of Swan Lake. Her beautification projects, many of them funded by Sullivan Renaissance grants, stretch from one end of town to the other. Nancy seems to have no shortage of ideas to make her town look great. She knows there is much to do, but has accomplished some pretty impressive tasks. I particularly enjoyed the park just off Briscoe Rd. across from the Swan Lake country store; it overlooks Swan Lake. The fall colors surround the lake and I was struck again by how truly beautiful Sullivan County can be. Across the street from the park is a small building containing a welcoming display of local history. Like so many of our county’s towns, Swan Lake definitely had its “Hay Day”. Years ago, my grandmother and then my uncle were town historians. Most of my family is still fascinated with local history and its people. I plan on returning to visit Swan Lake’s display again.

now open to the public. It’s another great accomplishment for Swan Lake, and one I think you would enjoy seeing. So if you are looking for something to do on one of these beautiful fall days, why not visit the castle? Then have lunch or dinner out in one of our many local restaurants. My hat is off to Nancy Levine and her volunteers, they are a real inspiration.

The last stop on my tour was the highlight. Did you know Swan Lake has a castle? Until reading about it in a local paper a year or so ago, I didn’t know it either. I have had it on my bucket list ever since. Just past the Stevensville Hotel is a real treasure. There you will find a sign to direct you to Swan Lake’s stone castle. The castle was built by a gifted Italian mason named Moshini between 1928-1935. Until last year this castle had been completely buried under leaves and branches and overgrowth. Nancy Levine, Tommy LaGattuta, and his brother Mark made it their project this past summer to restore the castle. With the help of many volunteers the castle has been fully restored and is

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November is upon us! Following the beautiful month of October which is both National Cyber Security Month! So, in the spirt of catching up with the times, this month’s article focuses on both this topic. First some basic cyber security tips from the Federal Trade Commission on cyber security for consumers can go a long way in protecting your hard earned dollars and personal information. Criminal activity in cyber space is constantly being upgraded to get past improved security software. Setting up security software from a reputable company, the updates of which automatically give you the best chance to detect and get rid of unwanted malware. Setting up operating systems and web browsers to update automatically ensures you have up to date protections.

passwords are kept in safe places and out of sight in the home or office. Finally backup your files on a regular basis. I ran into an individual who told me they back up their files when going through and paying the household bills on a monthly basis. No computer is completely secure; by using a removable disc or external hard drive you will still have access to your files if the system becomes comprised. Sources: Computer Security, Federal Trade Commission (2014) retrieved from http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/ articles/0009-computer-security on 10-13-14

Make sure to stay away from security software offered through on-line popup messages and emails. These messages often claim to have scanned and detected malware offering a product for a rate, some of which are malware programs in disguise. Personal information is all over our devices and computers. Being vigilant of this fact can save massive financial hardship down the road. Information such as Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, banking and utility accounts can be used to open new accounts in your name. Each request for this information that is asked of a consumer online should be validated by researching the company asking and double checking URL addresses to ensure the company is reputable, and in fact who they say they are. When you do enter your personal information into sites you choose to do business with, make sure that they are secure and encrypted websites. To determine if a site is encrypted look for https at the beginning of the web address, that “s” stands for secure. Protecting yourself with a strong and secure password is ideal. Use a password with at least 10 to 12 characters. A mix of letters, numbers, and special characters is unpredictable and can provide great protection. Stay away from things that can be figured out like birthdates or common words and phrases. Do not use the same password for all your accounts!! It may seem easier but if it is lost or stolen, then all of your accounts become compromised. If you are asked for a password via phone, text, or email do not give it out! This type of message indicates a scam. Make sure your November, 2014

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.

Growing Winter Greens & Tomatoes Thursday, November 13th See page 8 for more information

Farmer's Health Insurance Seminar Friday, November 14th 1:00 - 3:00 pm See page 8 for more information

Maple Production School

Saturday, November 22nd 9:00 am - 3:00 pm See page 9 for more information

Grief: What Helps When It Hurts

Draped Cement Class

HOSPICE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA’S FALL PROGRAM FOR THE PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONALS

Thursday, November 6th 5:30 – 7:30 pm

Wednesday, November 5th 4:00 p.m.

$30 per person All supplies included!

Cornell Cooperative Extension

CCE Extension Education Center

No charge to participate!

Makes a great gift for the holidays! Draped cement crafts are great for growing succulents or displaying candles and flower arrangements. Learn to make a cement mushroom for your garden using hands-on techniques from Master Gardener Volunteers. Space is limited! Please pre-register Call 845-292-6180 or email smd243@cornell.edu

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This program will explore the ways that grief affects us – physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Grieving a significant loss, whether by a death or separation, affects not only the way that we feel but also the ways that we think and behave. Continuing Education (CE) Credits Continuing education credits (1 hour) is available for select boards. The CE cost is $7 per certificate and CE credits are available until November 1, 2015. For additional information contact: Bonnie Lewis, RN (845) 292-6180 or bjl25@cornell.edu

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November, 2014

Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

of Service to Sullivan County Travel Through Time with CCE Sullivan County at its Anniversary Gala You’re invited to celebrate 100 years of innovation and education with Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County (CCESC) at its capstone Centennial Anniversary Gala event on Sunday, November 9, 2014. An afternoon of locally-sourced cuisine and auction items will be held from Noon to 4:00 pm at Bernie’s Holiday Restaurant in Rock Hill. Cash bar will be available. Participants are invited to travel through time by dressing in representation of her or his favorite decade between 1914 and 2014. Music taking guests “through the decades” will be provided by local DJs and members of the Chicka Chicka Chu’s 4-H Club. Phil Coombe III will guide the program as the Master of Ceremonies. This will be the last chance to purchase raffle tickets for the beautiful Century Quilt, donated by Sally Abrams and the Calico Geese CCE Community Group. The long-anticipated raffle winner will be drawn at the conclusion of the event. In celebration of its milestone, CCESC will honor two important members of its organization in past and present with the Now & Then Awards. Andrew King, new farmer from Callicoon Center and Sullivan County Master Gardener, will be recognized for his youthful energy going forward with CCESC. Dorothy Muthig, a farmer from Parksville, has supported the organization in its core mission areas of Agriculture, Family & Consumer Science, and 4-H Youth Development for over half a century. An array of live and silent auction items will be on hand featuring opportunities to bid on local, “priceless” experiences and packages bursting with unique gifts for gardeners, golfers, families, pets, livestock, and outdoor enthusiasts. The talented Eddie Moran Jr., Auctioneer, will direct bidding for the live auction. Gala auction highlights include a quarter of black angus beef from ThunderView Farms; golf packages from Villa Roma Club House and Swan Lake Country Club; a fresh 20 lb. turkey from Campanelli Farm; holiday dining and shopping sprees in Livingston Manor, the SC Winter Farmers’ Markets, and Kauneonga Lake; a family weekend at Frost Valley YMCA; a private fly casting lesson with Joan Wulf at the world famous Wulf Fishing School, complete with supplies; and a children’s birthday party experience at Apple Pond Farm and Renewable Farming Center with a donated cake crafted by award-winning baker Kim Simons, among others! Tickets are $75 per person. Space is limited and payment in advance is strongly encouraged to guarantee seating. The public can make reservations by calling us at 845-292-6180. Payment can be accepted by credit, check, or money order made payable to CCESC and mailed to Gerald J. Skoda Extension Education Center, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Liberty, NY 12754. Payment can be accepted in advance at the office, online at www.sullivancce.org, or at the door on the day of the event. Tickets are free with special Centennial Campaign sponsorship levels. Advertisement opportunities are available in the Gala Journal at affordable rates. Contact Nicole Slevin to inquire about sponsorships or advertisements via email at nas96@cornell.edu.

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Submitted by Andrew King, CCESC Master Gardener Volunteer Homemade Sauerkraut has become the “new, hot thing”. Here is a little bit of information on how to make your own.

filled with water and set on top of the plate or lid. Cover the container with a clean towel.

(Makes about 9 quarts) Ingredients: 25 pounds cabbage 3/4 cup canning salt For the best sauerkraut (“kraut”), use firm heads of fresh cabbage, starting between 24 and 48 hours after harvest. Work with about 5 pounds of cabbage at a time. Discard outer leaves. Rinse cabbage heads under cold running water and drain. Cut heads in quarters and remove cores. Shred or slice to a thickness of a quarter. Put cabbage in a suitable fermentation container. Use stoneware crocks, large glass jars, or food-grade plastic containers. Do not use aluminum, copper, brass, galvanized, or iron containers. Add 3 tablespoons of canning salt per 5 pounds cabbage. Using clean hands, mix thoroughly. Pack firmly until the salt draws juice from the cabbage. Repeat shredding, salting and packing until all cabbage and salt is in the container. Be sure the container is deep enough so that its rim is at least 4 or 5 inches above the cabbage. If juice does not cover cabbage, add boiled and cooled brine (1 1/2 tablespoons of salt per quart of water). Weight down the cabbage so that 1 to 2 inches of brine covers it completely. Use a heavy plate or glass lid that fits down inside the container. If you need extra weight, seal a glass jar or jars

For fermenting, store at 70 to 75° F. At temperatures between 70 and 75°F, kraut will be fully fermented in about 3 to 4 weeks; at 60 to 65°F, kraut may take 5 to 6 weeks. At temperatures lower than 60°F, kraut may not ferment. Above 75°F, kraut may become soft. Check the kraut two to three times each week and remove scum if it forms. Store fully fermented kraut tightly covered in the refrigerator for several months, or can as follows: Hot pack method: In a large pot, bring kraut and liquid slowly to a boil, stirring frequently. Remove from heat and fill jars rather firmly with kraut and liquid, leaving ½ inch headspace. Wipe jar rims. Adjust lids and process in a boiling-water bath. Let jars rest for 24 hours. Check lids to make sure they’re sealed. Remove rings. Wash jars, label, date, and store. Raw pack method: Fill jars firmly with kraut and liquid, leaving ½ inch headspace. Wipe jar rims. Adjust lids and process in a boiling-water bath. Let jars rest for 24 hours. Check lids to make sure they’re sealed. Remove rings. Wash jars, label, date, and store. Source: Michigan State University Extension, 2006

Recommended process times in boiling-water bath canner Style of Pack

Jar Size

Under 1,000 ft.

1,001-3,000 ft.

3,001-6,100 ft.

Over 6,000 ft.

Hot Pack

Pints

10 min.

15 min.

15 min.

20 min.

Quarts

15 min.

20 min.

20 min.

25 min.

Pints

20 min.

25 min.

30 min.

35 min.

Quarts

25 min.

30 min.

35 min.

40 min.

Raw Pack

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November, 2014

Submitted by Maria Grimaldi, Special Projects Coordinator Around the holidays…people are always on the lookout for new and interesting ways to prepare old standards like chicken and turkey.

make random holes in the meat. A needlelike injector may also be used. Poultry can be refrigerated for up to 2 days in a marinade. For easy cleanup, use food-grade plastic bags for marinating and discard the bags afterwards. Food-grade plastic, stainless steel, or glass containers may also be used to marinate food. Cover poultry while marinating it in the refrigerator. Don’t use marinade from raw poultry as a sauce unless it is boiled first to destroy bacteria. If stuffing poultry, marinate the poultry first. Cook immediately after stuffing.

Several methods have become popular in recent years. These involve the use of a liquid to change or improve the flavor, taste, tenderness, or texture of poultry. Various liquids can be added to poultry by several methods, such as injection, marinating, brining, or basting. Consumers can also purchase raw poultry products that have already been marinated, basted, or brined. Dry brining is an easy alternative to traditional liquid brining methods. The technique seasons the meat with salt and spices without the use of a liquid salty solution. This two day process, completed in the refrigerator in a food-grade plastic bag, drains moisture out of the poultry, creating flavorful brine, which is then reabsorbed into the meat without adding additional water. Basting The verb “baste” means to moisten meat or other food while cooking. Melted butter or other fat, meat drippings, or liquid such as a stock is spooned or brushed on food as it cooks to moisten it. A bulb baster can also be used to drizzle the liquid over the food. Basting adds flavor and color, and prevents poultry from drying out. Consumers can purchase raw poultry products that have already been marinated, basted, or brined. These products have been injected or marinated with a solution containing butter or other edible fat, broth, stock, or water, plus spices, flavor enhancers, colorings, or other approved ingredients. If you see terms such as “basted,” “selfbasted,” “marinated,” or “for flavoring” on a raw poultry label, a solution has been added during processing — up to 3% by weight for bone-in poultry and up to 8% by weight for boneless poultry.

Safe Preparation Marinating Whole poultry or poultry parts may be marinated by completely immersing the poultry in the marinade. To help infuse the marinade into the poultry, you may use a fork to

Brining To prepare a brine solution for poultry, add 3/4 cup salt to 1 gallon of water, or 3 tablespoons of salt per quart of water. For best flavor, use sodium chloride — table salt. Add sweetener if desired. Place brining solution in food-grade plastic, stainless steel, or glass containers. Totally submerge poultry in solution and store covered in the refrigerator. For best results, refrigerate at least overnight. Poultry may be left in the refrigerator up to 2 days after thawed or purchased fresh. Remove poultry from brine. Discard brine after use. If stuffing a bird, brine the poultry first. Cook immediately after stuffing. To prepare a dry brine, measure 1 tablespoon of kosher salt, or seasoned salt for every 5 pounds of poultry. Additional aromatic ingredients may be added to the dry brine such as herbs, spices, citrus or garlic. Rub the dry brine mixture over the entire surface area of the poultry, place the poultry in a food-grade plastic bag, press out the air and seal tightly. For best results, refrigerate for up to 2 days and massage the mixture into the skin of the poultry every 8 to 12 hours. Remove poultry from bag, pat dry with a paper towel and cook to a safe internal temperature of 165 °F. Basting If basting poultry while it is roasting, remember that each time the oven door is opened, the oven temperature is lowered and additional cooking time may be needed. Always use clean utensils to avoid crosscontamination.

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General Poultry Preparation Information for Safe Cooking Set oven temperature no lower than 325 °F. Whole poultry and parts are safe cooked to a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 °F as measured with a food thermometer. Check the internal temperature in the innermost part of the thigh and wing and the thickest part of the breast. For reasons of personal preference, consumers may choose to cook poultry to higher temperatures. For optimum safety, do not stuff whole poultry. If stuffing whole poultry, the center of the stuffing must reach a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 °F. Storing Leftovers Remove any stuffing and cut whole or large pieces of poultry into small pieces. Refrigerate leftovers in shallow containers within 2 hours of cooking. Use leftover poultry and stuffing within 3 to 4 days, or freeze these foods. Reheat all leftovers thoroughly to a temperature of 165 °F. FSIS encourages the reprint and distribution of this publication downloaded except for printing of this publication. Call the USDA Meat & Poultry Hotline Send E-mail questions to MPHotline.fsis@usda.gov. Ask Karen! FSIS’ automated response system can provide food safety information 24/7 and a live chat during Hotline hours. AskKaren.gov PregunteleaKaren.gov If you have a question about meat, poultry, or egg products, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline toll free at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854) The hotline is open year-round Monday through Friday from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. ET (English or Spanish). Recorded food safety messages are available 24 hours a day. Check out the FSIS Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov.

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November, 2014

Nicole Slevin, STEM Community Educator & Director of Communications nas96@cornell.edu

Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County (CCESC) held a Family Hike Fundraiser on Saturday, October 18, 2014. Money earned and awareness spread at this event supports the CCESC Centennial Campaign’s initiative to offer future alternative energy education to the public, specifically solar energy education for youth.An energy demonstration area was featured as a main attraction for observers, equipped with a functioning solar panel from Cornell University. Health and fitness was also promoted heavily at the hike with resources on making healthy choices in families and the benefits of physical activity. From 10 am to 2 pm, individuals and families registered and walked the CCESC Turtle Spring Nature Trail located behind the Gerald J. Skoda Extension Education Center on 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road in Liberty. Volunteers, staff, and BOCES Career & Tech program students worked in September to spruce up the trail and prepare it for this autumn event. Several local organizations relevant to the cause shared information while 4-H teen members and volunteers offered Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) activities. STEM education was available in Rocketry, Geocaching and GPS technology, Bird Bingo, clay track making and identification materials for New York State wildlife, and beginner to advanced nature-themed scavenger hunts. Hikers paid $10 per family and non-hikers could purchase tickets for an energy efficient raffle prize, including a solarpowered outdoor light and residential energy-efficient kit, at $5 each. Hikers received a free raffle ticket and a reusable grocery tote full of treats including an umbrella, magnets, gluten-free power bars donated by Morgan Outdoors, snacks donated by Frito-Lay, water bottles donated by Sullivan County Visitor’s Association, and a CCESC educational newsletter. Sullivan County (SC) organizations represented included Catskill Mountainkeeper, SC Parks, SC Recycling program, Sullivan Renaissance, Trailkeeper.org, and the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. CCESC offered public information tables for CCESC Centennial Anniversary Campaign, 4-H Youth Development, and Master Gardener Volunteer program. The event sponsors included Morgan Outdoors, and the Sullivan County Visitor’s Association. November, 2014

“Families enjoy STEM activities after hiking.” Despite some rain, participants enjoyed music and refreshments while taking advantage of one of the County’s most precious assets- its natural resources. Several participants recommended offering the event in every season, annually. “I'm so impressed with the work that's been done on the trail. It’s come a long way,” said Amanda Langseder, WIC Program Coordinator. For more information on the benefits of walking and/or hiking, read on! Why Walk?* Walking is one of the simplest and easiest ways to get the exercise you need in order to be healthy—and almost anyone can do it. Walking can strengthen bones, tune up the cardiovascular system, and clear a cluttered mind. This uncomplicated but important activity continues to attract researchers, reports the March 2011 issue of the Harvard Health Letter. Areas of recent research include: Walking speed and health - Later in life, walking becomes as much an indicator of health as a promoter of it. After age 65, how fast you walk may predict how long you have to live. Walking, or gait, has long been recognized as a proxy for overall health and has been measured in many studies.

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(Continued from page 19) Researchers have found a remarkably consistent association between faster walking speed and longer life.

 Increases your energy

Benefits of hiking poles - Using hiking poles can increase the cardiovascular workload of a walk because you work your arms as well as your legs. Hiking poles help keep a hiker more upright while walking and help with stability. Using poles is also associated with a reduced risk of ankle fracture. One study found that people who used poles reported less muscle soreness and recovered faster than those without poles.

 Slows aging

Finding the right walking shoes - Pain from arthritic knees makes walking difficult. Shoes with thick, cushiony soles are believed to help. But some recent research is challenging that belief with results suggesting that thinner, more flexible soles actually put less of a load on the knees. Walking in thinner walking shoes or flip flops, which were both equivalent to walking barefoot, produced less knee adduction (essentially pressure on the knee joint) than did walking in clogs or stability shoes.

 Helps promote restful sleep

 Helps relieve stress 

Lowers high blood pressure



Helps control and prevent diabetes



Reduces risk of some forms of cancer including colorectal, prostrate, and breast

 Promotes intestinal regularity  Strengthens your bones and reduces bone density loss in older women

 Reduces stiffness in your joints due to inactivity or arthritis

 Relieves most cases of chronic backache  Improves flexibility

Walking Facts and Benefits** On average, every minute of walking can extend your life by 1.5 to 2 minutes.

 Improves posture

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Walking an extra 20 minutes each day will burn off 7 pounds of body fat per year.

 Improves mental alertness and memory



To burn off 1 plain M&M candy, you need to walk the full length of a football field. Think about that next time you dip your hand into a candy bowl at someone's office!

 Elevates mood







Longer, moderately-paced daily walks (40 minutes at 60% to 65% maximum heart rate) are best for losing weight. Shorter, faster walks (20-25 minutes at 75% to 85% maximum heart rate) are best for conditioning your heart and lungs.

Walking provides the following benefits:  Improves efficiency of your heart and lungs

 Burns body fat  Raises your metabolism so you are burning calories faster, even while you rest

 Helps control your appetite Page 20

 Promotes healthier skin due to increased circulation

 Spurs intellectual creativity and problem solving  Helps prevent and/or reduce depression  Improves your self-esteem  Helps control addictions to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and other drugs Walking is much preferable to running or jogging because it creates less stress on your joints, including hips, knees, and ankles. Remember to properly warm up before and cool down after every walking session to avoid injury. Sources: *http://www.health.harvard.edu/press_releases/researchpoints-to-even-more-health-benefits-of-walking **http://www.fshn.hs.iastate.edu/nutritionclinic/handouts/ WalkingFactsBenefits.pdf

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November, 2014

Submitted by Marylin Jones, 4-H Youth Development Educator The clothing, textile and fiber products we enjoy today are so prevalent, plentiful, and easily obtained in this country that most of us take them for granted with little, if any, thought paid to the work and processes which make them available. Yet, the fiber, textile, and apparel industry is of tremendous significance in the areas of health, safety, and scientific application as well as for business and fashion. Education and training is as important for this field as for any other and Cornell University’s Program for Fiber Science and Apparel Design (FSAD) in the College of Human Ecology works to fulfill these needs, both on campus and in youth outreach and Extension programs such as 4-H. FSAD supports a youth program that “develops and implements a variety of textile-related programs in grades Kindergarten-12”. The programs emphasize skill building, science exploration, design analysis, consumer awareness and community engagement. Developed for more than 9,000 New York youth enrolled in 4-H, these programs are also used by childcare programs, scouts, science centers, public schools, and other youth agencies. Some of the available curricula and guidelines include:



“4-H Clothesline” – engaging young people in clothing design and sewing at http://4hclothesline.cce.cornell.edu

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Sewing/Judging Guidelines – http:// nys4h.cce.cornell.edu/events/Pages/StateFair

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4-H Clothing Project Curriculum (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced) as well as a 4-H Clothing Leaders Guide – http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/ handle/1813/3404

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Introduction to non-sewing or minimal sewing textile activities such as weaving and tie-dyeing in publication “Clothing Connections” - http:// dspace.library.cornell.edu/handle/1813/3490

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Community service project ideas in “Simple Gifts” - includes patterns for youth to make researched-based, age-appropriate recreational items for persons who have Alzheimer’s Disease. – http://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/3900

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“The Fabric Flight Connection” – exploration of the role of textiles in aviation available through http://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/30232

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Go Figure! – an interactive web based program engaging youth in science, technology and math

November, 2014

experiences including following jean trends. Visit the Go Figure website.



“In Touch Science” series helps children in grades 3-5 understand the science connection between different fields of study and to recognize science concepts in their daily experiences. Series titles include “Fibers & Animals,” “Foods & Fabrics,” “Plants & Engineering,” and “Chemistry & Environment.” Website: http:// www.intouch.cornell.edu



“Plants & Textiles – A Legacy of Technology,” an online curriculum focuses on past and present technologies that convert plant materials to textile products. For information, how-to videos and activity instructions visit <blogs.cornell.edu/garden/ get-activities/signature…/plants-and-textiles/>

Other educational initiatives for youth that have been supported or developed by Cornell Fiber Science and Apparel Design faculty include the 4-H Science Toolkit (units on flight, polymers, and colors) as well as the Smart Clothing, Smart Girls – Engineering via Apparel Design Program. As the youth development division of the Cornell University Cooperative Extension system, 4-H “connects kids to Cornell.” In support of campus outreach efforts the Sullivan County 4-H Program is offering support for Fiber and Textiles projects this year with workshops offered in Crochet, Sewing and Felting.



The annual CCE/4-H Crochet Community Service Project began October 10 and will continue to meet every two weeks with instructor Beverly Hesse until participants complete their projects. The “Make one for community service, then make one for yourself” project was able to secure yarns for the donated scarves through a generous contribution by Knit One Needlepoint Two in Monticello.



In “How to Make Friends with Your Sewing Machine” instructor Peg Geisel will provide youth and their parent guides an opportunity to learn about basic equipment, sewing terminology, and a familiarity with their own personal sewing machine in completing a sampler book of stitches.

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(Continued from page 21) A beginning “Wet Felting Project” will be offered to youth by alpaca farmer and fiber artist Denise Burkart of Imagine Alpacas! Farm. Learn about some of the science behind the felting process as Denise shows participants how to get started in working wool into objects both functional and aesthetic.

These classes and workshops will be held at the Cornell Cooperative Extension building in Liberty and will require pre-registration; some may have a fee. For more information on the classes listed or the many opportunities available through 4-H Youth Development visit Sullivancce.org or call 845-292-6180. The 4-H Program is open to all youth age 5 through 19 and charges no fee for membership.

Ten Caregivers Complete ‘Presence at the Bedside’ Class The Caregiver Resource Center of Sullivan County was honored to have Padma Dyvine, RN, MA, CHPN and End of Life Care Practitioner present Presence at the Bedside, Care in the Last Days of Life on September 27 to ten individuals. The caregivers all received a certificate of completion and flowers at the close of the four hour session. Ms. Dyvine provided a powerful discussion, reviewing the natural patterns of dying and symptom management (both medical and holistic perspectives) and followed it with an interactive experience of listening and exploring mindfulness. The caregivers found this technique quite beneficial and emotionally charged. Before the close of the session, all caregivers shared an awareness exercise, which helped them understand how the dying individual withdraws and slowly loses what is valuable to them. The workshop, although intense, helped the caregivers better understand and honor the sacredness of living and dying from the perspective of different religions or paths. Padma Dyvine and the Caregiver Resource Center plan to re-offer this four hour program again next year. The CRC is a co-partnered program between Cornell Cooperative Extension and Office for the Aging of Sullivan County, supported through a grant from the NYS Caregiver Program.

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November, 2014

Bonnie Lewis, RN—Caregiver Resource Center Coordinator

Caregiving and Ambiguous Loss ~ or “Learning to Walk in the Fog” Caregiving for a loved one can cause stress in many ways. To manage the stress, which can be dangerous to a caregiver’s health, you must first know what the problem is. Many caregivers of individuals with memory disorders or dementia report that the main problem is not the illness itself, but the ambiguity and uncertainty it causes.

based group. Here are some ideas, questions, and tips to help: 1. Name your problem - Know that one real culprit causing your stress is the ambiguity from a loved one being here, but not here. Call it “ambiguous loss.” It is neither your fault nor the patient’s. It is caused by an illness.

It’s a difficult challenge to care for someone who is here, but not here—here physically, but gone mentally and psychologically. You feel alone, and in some ways, you are. For many caregivers, it’s as if there’s a stranger in the house. Adding to the stress, disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or traumatic brain injury cause unpredictable memory loss that comes and goes—one moment here, the next moment gone. This roller coaster of absence and presence is a very stressful kind of loss ~ambiguous loss. Even the strongest caregivers feel anxious and depressed. The challenge is to learn strategies to cope with this ambiguity that is so much a part of memory loss. Symptoms of Overwhelming Stress Caring for someone with a cognitive impairment—and the ambiguous feelings that arise—can create a constancy of sorrow that can immobilize caregivers. For example, decisions are put on hold, tasks pile up, chores delayed. Doubt, confusion, helplessness, and hopelessness set in, and caregivers can feel anxious and depressed. Friendships are in limbo as caregiving takes more and more of your time. Conflict increases with spouse, children/stepchildren, siblings. Family gatherings and rituals that were the glue of enjoyable family life are cancelled or changed. When a caregiver feels increasingly isolated, the possibility of depression, anxiety, abuse, guilt, shame, lack of self-care, illness, or substance abuse increases. Tips for Coping with the Ambiguity of Memory Loss To manage the stress of caregiving, try to connect with other people: if possible, join a support group either in person or on the Internet, attend a book club, social event, or faithNovember, 2014

2. Practice both/and thinking - It helps to think “both/and” rather than in the extremes of “either/or.” Instead of thinking the care recipient has to be either here or gone, think of him or her as both here and gone. This means balancing two different ideas at the same time—present, and also absent. Both/and thinking is less stressful than continuing to search for an absolutely perfect solution. Here are some examples:  “I am both a caregiver—and a person with my own needs.”  “I take care of both him—and myself.”  “I both wish it was over—and that my loved one could keep on living.”  “I am both sad at my loved one’s illness—and joyful with my new grandchild.”  “I am both sad about my lost hopes and dreams—and happy about some new plans and goals". 3. Know your “family” and community information and support systems - You need predictability (not ambiguity) about whom you can talk to and count on for help. Have some other people become “like family” to you? Does your community offer help and social support? Spiritual support? Recreation and respite? Information support? Talk with your Caregiver Resource Center about what help is available to you. Check the web—a quick online search for “caregiver” offers a wealth of information and online communities. If your biological family offers no help, perhaps you can create a “psychological family” that will be there for you when you

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(Continued from page 23) need help. Talk about how to divide up the work among a “care team.” Make a written plan - who will do what and when. 4. Continue—but revise—family holidays, celebrations and rituals - Do not cancel, but rather, simplify the gatherings with the people you care about to celebrate birthdays, holidays, and religious events and rituals. Families, friends, and communities connect to celebrate life’s transitions. Human connection can help lower your stress in times of sadness. It can help you and a person with dementia feel the spirit of life around you. This is essential to staying strong when the person you care for is not able to connect fully with you. Think and talk about this: what family rituals did you celebrate as a couple or family before the memory loss? Now? How can you simplify your family rituals and celebrations to fit the circumstances now? 5. Revise family roles - To manage the stress of caring for someone with severe memory loss, alterations are needed in what you and other family members previously did. There are changes in family roles as a result of the memory loss. What tasks are you now responsible for? What tasks have you lost? How do you manage these changes? What would help? Is there agreement in the family about who should do the caregiving? Are you resilient enough to change or do you feel you have to do it all as before? Talk about who plays what roles in the family. How do you see yourself now? Do I still feel like a son or daughter or more like a parent to my parent? If my spouse has memory loss, do I still feel married? How should I act? 6. Be aware of family rules - Who is allowed to do what in your family? Is there a team approach or are you expected to do all the work alone? Become aware of your family’s rules and question them. They can change. Do your family’s rules about race, religion, class, age, or gender get talked about? For example, is there an unspoken rule in your family that only females can be caregivers? Are certain people excused from helping? Why are they excused? There may need to be a new family rule about “teamwork” so that caregiving does not fall to one person alone. Include children and teenagers in the circle of information about the illness, its effects, its unclear prognosis, and your need for help and teamwork.

come out as anger or, worse yet, abuse—and that is not acceptable. Talk with someone—a professional or another caregiver—about your negative feelings to prevent acting out your anger. Remember, feeling angry about the ambiguity in memory loss is normal, but acting out that anger against the patient or yourself is not. 8. It seems contradictory, but imagine something new to hope for - To stay healthy, everyone needs hope. When your loved one is ill, and you are tied to caregiving, you must discover new hope. It helps to talk about this with other people—and again, with young people. They might help you imagine new dreams for your future—new connections, new hobbies, new travel plans, new skills, new relationships. Given the stress from caregiving and the ambiguity of memory loss, what can you plan for the future that is clear and certain? How about an outing, a firm date for dinner with a friend, a hobby that has clear outcomes, a TV program that you clearly enjoy? New hopes and dreams will emerge when you can balance the ambiguity with some activities that have clear outcomes, no matter how small. 9. Check on your own health - Seek professional help if you: · Feel depressed, physically sick or hopeless. · Feel like hurting yourself or hurting or yelling at the person you care for. · Depend too heavily on alcohol or recreational drugs. · Fight with your spouse, children, stepchildren, or other family members and friends. · No longer take care of yourself. When you are a caregiver for someone with memory loss, the stress of ambiguity adds to the usual pressures of caregiving. You have a duty and a right to take care of yourself. Summary This article is a caregiver’s guide to managing the extra stress from ambiguous loss. To sum it up, think of managing the ambiguity as learning to walk in the fog. Keep moving forward, despite the stress of not knowing what lies ahead. But at the same time, reach out for support and human connections to stay resilient and strong. Source: Family Caregiver Alliance (https:// www.caregiver.org)

7. Understand that anger and guilt are normal, but avoid harmful actions - While mixed emotions are an understandable outcome of memory loss, the negative feelings can Page 24

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November, 2014

The Caregiver Resource Center has gratefully received a gift from Marilyn Gitlin of Medi-Fair Home Health Care Equipment and Supplies - a new electric hospital bed to increase the programming for area family caregivers. Marilyn, one of the many compassionate people that live in Sullivan County who assists our family caregivers, realized how many responsibilities caregivers take on for their loved ones who are ill or deteriorating. These caregivers often lack the resources, equipment or skills ~ so Medi-Fair has supplied the Caregiver program with two major tools for their ‘care arsenals’ – education and a major piece of equipment! Bonnie Lewis, RN/Caregiver Resource Center Coordinator, joined by Patricia Diane Claiborne, previous Interim Executive Director of Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, thanked Mrs. Gitlin at the Cooperative Extension this fall. The Caregiver Resource Center had previously offered the ‘Caregivers Practical Help’ educational series in the BOCES LPN Academy. “I found the confidence to better take care of my elderly mother, such as transferring her safely from the bed, while protecting my back” was shared by a former graduate Loretta Pettinger who graduated from the “Practical Help” series. “I learned how to give her a bed bath, change the sheets while she was still in bed, look for any changes in her skin condition, how to take her vital signs, and how to monitor her medications and watch for any side effects.” Medi-Fair’s donation of the hospital bed enables the program to be more flexible when offering the class series as well as if a caregiver needs one-on-one assistance. Bedside care can be very intimidating to the family caregiver. The practical tips of these care skills, plus sensitivity, privacy and safety, are best shared with ‘hands-on’ practice ~ not by viewing only videos. The Caregiver Resource Center plans to offer the Caregiver Practical Help series in the near future. The CRC is a co-partnered program between Cornell Cooperative Extension and Office for the Aging of Sullivan County, supported through a grant from the NYS Caregiver Program.

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Charles Keating Cell: 570-430-1045 Fax: 570-689-2688

Notice: Membership Exchange advertisements are published as a courtesy to our members. CCESC does NOT endorse or promote and are not liable for any loss or liability resulting from purchase, use and / or possession of the items or services. HAY FOR SALE

MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE 5 foot 3 pt hitch Woods Finish Moore RM59 Asking #500 434-6850 Motorcycle camper: opens to 14 ft, Queen size sleeping area, pedestal table, attached cooler. Like new. 845-292-4013 Mens size 8 chest high fishing waders with felt soles. Worn Once paid $200 asking $85. 914-237-2329 Go Kart 5 hp. Briggs & Stratton Good Condition 6 yrs old $100 845-557-6090 2 pairs snow shoes—Little Bear Trapper of Aspen $45 973-890-1747 Leave Message

Hay—Square Bales—Local delivery available 845-887-4582 Round Hay Bales for sale 845-583-6024 Hay 1st, 2nd & 3rd square, round & wrapped Protein 19.1-22.6 composted, topsoil, sand, gravel & cattle 845-985-7866 Hay for Sale—Round, Square, Balage, Mulch 845-482-4797 Ebert Square Bales 845-807-2532

WANTED

1983 Glassport 19’7” inboard/outboard 350 chevy and 20’ dual axel trailer Needs Work Make offer 203-740-0167 Hot Water Radiators 25.5”x15.5” to 47” (10 total) and 19”x36.5” and 39” BO 203-7400167 WOODSTOVE- Dutchwest cast iron Convection Heater Model 2462 by Vermont Castings. 2 speed fan, extra large for up to 25”logs, accessories inc. $765 or best offer 845 791-4501 SNOWBLOWER- agway gas dual stage 6 speed #523 23 inch wide $280 or best offer 845 791-4501

Wanted: Speedex Tractors Parts & Accessories 845-557-8030

FOR A BETTER YOU

Wanted: Side Delivery Hay Rake in Working Condition Call Mike 845-482-3628 Looking for a piglet to raise for four months for slaughter 845-733=4031 or email emiller384@hotmail.com HELP WANTED

Yoga & Reiki sessions for stress relief & Healing Neversink Call Joy 845-292-7870

Full time Healthy Food and Bakery Prep. Experience preferred. Send resumé to info@javaloveroasters.com Experienced garden hand Wurtsboro area—Horticulture experience a plus. Assist with raised residential vegetable garden. Seasonal planting, rotating, fertilizing. Will pay 845888-5047 HELP AVAILABLE Part-time farm help available 845-434-8832

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Catskill Aesthetics & Laser Center 0 Loree Ann Stanton RN-HT, CDN—Botox, fillers, laser for hair, Veins, and Brown spots, Peels 794-3030 Jin Shin Jyutsu—near Grahamsville Energetic Harmonizing 845-647-6572

IMAGE OF BEAUTY Nails & Hair 845-292-0754 Dr. Jorge R. Delgado. Board certified Chiropractic Neurologist. 23 yrs. Exp.. Caring, quality chiropractic care in a warm, comfortable atmosphere. Rt. 52 West, Liberty, 845292-3455

AUTO’S & OTHER VEHICLES (Fix & Sale) 1938-39 International Stake Bed Truck Model #D-30-232 Cubic Inch Engine Rating 1.5 ton chassis #D3072207 TWG 13.200 Verg Good Shape Asking—$1200 985-7052

Extension Connection

November, 2014

EVENTS

FARMER’S MARKET

Sullivan County Horse Council meets at CCE every month. Come join us and see what we are planning for 2014 call Eunice @ 845-866-6140 Auction: Every Sat at 6:00 pm—Obverfest Street, Liberty NY 845-292-2814 Garden Lovers—consider joining a garden club—meets 3rd Tues of each month— call 845-513-5263

Story’s Neversink Plant Co. ~ Rare Succulents and interesting plants. By apt. only John W. Story, Proprietor 845-985-5071 Farm Fresh real food prepared and delivered weekly Naturalcontents.com 888551-8625 Organic Garlic for Sale—German White and German Red Varieties $1.50/bulb call George at 292-3639 All Natural Organic Sunbird Cookies—5-6 oz. No dairy handmade with Love. Original Sunbird, Gluten Free & Vegan Kim 845-901-4706 Dogs Luv’em all Natural Murray’s Chicken Dog Treats—845-283-1128

‘TIS THE SEASON Portable Sawmill Services—Kiln drying, planning, lumber, tree harvesting, chipping, residential tree work 845-647-4181 or 845-800-5395 Firewood delivered, Logging & Excavation 845-807-3236 Brad Curry. Firewood - Landscaping - Logging - Scrap Iron 845- 807-8676

FOR BETTER BUSINESS

Norbert’s Clock Repair. Antique specialist. Fair Price. For estimate/pickup 845887-5831 T-shirts and machine embroidery for your business, club, organization. Hats, aprons, tote bags. Local business. Mountain Bear Crafts, Livingston Manor, NY. 845-439-8050. See photos: www.mountainbearcrafts.com Group Travel with Barbara’s Bunch. Call Barbara Hahl, 914-799-3362. Travel with Barbara- relax and enjoy! www.misssunshinetheclown.com for all your party entertainment 845-807-6222 Muthig & Sons - Landscaping - Logging - Decks - Roofs - Firewood 845– 807-1711 Old interesting barn finds? Call for free appraisal 845-482-4901 Kleins Tax Service 25+ Years Experience 845-292-9225 Duke Pottery www.dukepottery.com Pottery Studio, Art Gallery, Gift Shop. Open Year Round. Fri, Sat, Sun 11:00-5:00 or by chance 855 Co. Rd 93, Roscoe, NY Ohana Foods helps passionate farmers makers and producers build their brands to reach their potential

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE John Deere Snow Blower 44”, fits the 500 series John Deere Tractor. Brand New, used once—Call for detalils 845-583-7818 John Deere 3010, Diesel, WFE, Dual Hyd. Outlets, Rops. Asking $6,000. 845-551 -1649 2013 Kobelco Excavator NEW 20 hrs. $85,000 marilynk@mac.com 2005 Navigator 23,000 miles $15,000 marilynk@mac.com

REAL ESTATE Catskill Brokers, Inc. Cynthia L. Johnson, Broker, Woodbourne NY 845-434-7860 EAGLE VALLEY REALTY Farms, Homes, Country Properties, Listings Needed. Gerald Euker, Broker Call: 845-252-3085 McKean Realtors—Farms and Lake Front Homes 845-583-6003

ORGANIZATIONS

Organic Garlic for Sale—reasonable prices—call John 845-292-1195 Nutritious and Delicious Home Made Soups and Breads delivered to your door. Woodridgesoupemporium.com Farm fresh real food prepared and delivered weekly. Naturalcontents.com 888551-8625 Wahldairyfarm.com Home grown Pork, Beef and Eggs. Guinea Fowl – 845-8875737 Asian Specialty Vegetables. Charlie Koh. Seon Organic Farm 631-599-0072 AnDe’s Acre, Callicoon Center, NY. Locally raised sustainable and seasonal vegetables and eggs for the community. Apply for a weekly share though our CSA. Ask about wholesale options. Visit us at the Farmer’s Market. Muthig Farm - Maple Syrup, Maple Cream, Maple Jelly, Maple Sugar. 845 -2927838 Justus Asthalter Maple Syrup Inc. 845-292-8569 family@justusmaple.com Justus Asthalter Maple Syrup Inc. – New & used maple equipment & supplies for all size maple producers. Syrup, Cream, Candies, we ship anywhere. Sugar Hill Containers and Leader glass in stock. Call us at 845-292-8569 or email family@justusmaple.com/ www.justusmaple.com Poultry, Eggs, Produce, ROOT & ROOST FARM 845-292-9126 Year Round! CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HONEY Pollen, propolis, Royal Jelly, bee supplies & equipment. Hives supers frames from our shop. Save $$ - Jim Kile 845-647-6759

FARM ANIMALS & SUPPLIES Lambs, baby goats and hay 845-434-7764 Rabbits for all reasons, Chicks to Hens of many breeds. Member of A.R.B.A. for 37 years. 845-888-0274 Retired Horse Boarding on 45 acre farm. Your horse will be well taken care of on our peaceful farm. 845-482-4779 Registered Polled Hereford Bulls for Sale Bred Cows. Stone Ridge Farm 845-439 -4359 Oak Ridge Farm - Horse Boarding, Riding Lessons. Hay for Sale. 845-482-4686 oakridgefarminc.com Lashside Farm, Full Board or Turnout 845-292-3765 Trout For Sale 6-8” Brook Trout Delivered or Picked-up Call Beaverkill Trout Hatchery for details 845-439-4947 Moran’s Farrier Service Experienced & Reliable Horseshoeing 845-482-3262 845807-8937

Church on the Rock—Route 52 Jeffersonville—Bible based fellowship services: Sunday 9 am bible study ~ Worship & Children's Church 10 am

REPAIR & IMPROVEMENT Mountain Construction Inc—Lynn Dowe—General Contracting & Custom Building, Residential & Commercial (845) 292-3374

FURNITURE & HANDMADE ITEMS Visit Charlie Barbuti Furniture Mall for all your furniture and mattress needs 845292-4826 South Main Street Liberty barbutifurniture@verizon.net Empty Spaces—Handmade Furniture—Beautiful items to decorate any home— 62A Tinker St, Woodstock, NY 845-684-7074—visit us on facebook at Empty Spaces (Troy Grant) - Show me a design/picture & I will build it; specialty orders local delivery options available

November, 2014

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Bulldozing

Trucking & Hauling

J. HUGHSON EXCAVATING, INC. - CONSTRUCTION -

Foundations — Sand — Gravel—Fill—Topsoil Septic Systems Installed

845-482-9826

RD #1, Box 305 Jeffersonville, NY 12748

Earl Kinney

Excavating & Trucking Ready To Meet Your Needs Free Estimates - 40 Years Experience  DRAINAGE  SEPTIC SYSTEMS  FOUNDATIONS  DRIVEWAYS  ROADS  PONDS  LAND CLEARING  GRADING STONE SAND GRAVEL REDSHALE

No Job Too Big or Too Small

887-5540

OFFICE - 46 ROCK AVE., HORTONVILLE EVENINGS - 887-5647

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