November Extension Connection Sullivan County 2016

Volume LXXXXVII, No. 11

Liberty, NY – November, 2016

(USPS) 525 - 100

Winter Rye: A Reliable Cover Crop Fall Garden Checklist Hydrogen Sulfide: Effects & Elimination Student Loans for the Layperson Protect Home Devices from Hackers Healthy Meetings CCESC staff cooked and served over 60 guests at the annual FarmFresh Chamber of Commerce First Friday Breakfast in October.

Upcoming Programs “Denim & Diamonds” Gala

Black Bean & Pumpkin Soup Recipe Winter Squash National Caregivers’ Month Intergenerational Programming

Caregiver Support Groups Technology for Farmers Class

Consider the Conversation WeConnect International Program Save Energy, Save Dollars Class

4-H Youth Achievement Night Right to Farm Law Workshop 4-H Youth Winter Workshops

CCESC 102nd Annual Meeting Artisan Cheese-Making 3 Day Training

See page 1 7 for a complete list.

CCE Sullivan County Master Gardener Volunteers did their usual magic creating the centerpieces for the Denim & Diamonds Afternoon Gala on November 6, 2016. This year, bling meets rustic with these adorable, handmade pieces. Don’t miss your opportunity to bid on them at the Gala live auction.

Message from the Executive Director

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In Case You Missed It

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Winter Rye: A Reliable Cover Crop

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“Denim & Diamonds” Afternoon Gala

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A Fall Garden Checklist

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Upcoming Programs & Events

17

Hydrogen Sulfide: Effects & Elimination

7

CCESC Spotlights

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Student Loans for the Layperson

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Protect Home Devices from Hackers

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Opportunities for You: Don’t Forget to Renew!

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Healthy Meetings

10

Fast Facts

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Black Bean & Pumpkin Soup Recipe

10

News to Use

24

National Caregivers’ Month

12

Member Exchange

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Advances Toward Intergenerational Programming

13

Follow Us on Social Media

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WeConnect International Program

14

Master Gardener Volunteer Poinsettia Sale

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Necessary Business The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-.

Extension Connection Sullivan County Edited by: Nicole Slevin & Colleen Monaghan Layout & Design by: Nicole Slevin Produced at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

2016 Board of Directors Donna Willi..……..…...…..………….………..………..President Earl Myers…………..…….………………….........Vice President Pamela Rourke……………………………...…………...Secretary Glenn Pontier…………………………...…….…………Treasurer Dawn Boyes Amy Erlwein Christopher Gozza Sonja Hedlund Robert Kaplan Steve Mogel Edward Moran Klu Padu Luisa Parker Janet Threshman Terri Ward, Legislative Rep. Cooperative Extension in New York State provides Equal Program and Employment Opportunities. New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, New York State College of Human Ecology, and New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension Associations, County Governing Bodies, and the United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating.

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

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Regular Office Hours 8:30 am to 4:30 pm | Monday-Friday Phone: 845-292-6180 | Fax: 845-292-4946 Website: www.sullivancce.or g Email: sullivan@cor nell.edu Twitter.com/ccesullivan Facebook.com/ccesullivan Instagram.com/cce_sullivan_county

Staff Members Colleen Monaghan...…..………...…..…………...Executive Director SueAnn Boyd……….…………….…..Healthy Schools Coordinator Wanda Cruz………….………….Healthy Communities Coordinator Emily Devore..……….………....Healthy Communities Coordinator Dayna Gaeta……….Community Horticulture Program Coordinator Marylin Jones...……….………...…….….4-H Program Coordinator Bonnie Lewis……….….…........................Dependent Care Educator Michelle Lipari………….……………………....Ag & 4-H Educator Vincent LoCascio…….…......ESNY Community Nutrition Educator Erica Lynch ……….………….……...Catskills Kitchen Coordinator Melinda Meddaugh……………...Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Nicole Slevin………………………...…..Communications Manager Kaitlyn Smith………………....Administrative & Program Assistant Tara VanHorn...…………..…..……………….…..Finance Manager Sean Welsh……...………..……….....Energy & Consumer Educator John Wilcox……...…….………….....Building & Grounds Manager

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director cm638@cornell.edu Greetings! As the season of Thanksgiving approaches and the weather cools, I’m reminded of the upside of the dark season. After a summer of toiling, waiting for rain, and sneaking in a few days at the beach, we now have a chance to look inward, and to spend some much needed downtime with our families.

This year, my parents will stay in Florida for the Thanksgiving holiday, and my brother and niece are moving. This means I’ll likely spend the holiday around a much smaller table in my kitchen with my awesome son Kiran.

And as much as I’ll miss the hustle and bustle of five grown adults, a small person, and four dogs in my 500 square foot first floor living space, I’ll be so grateful to spend a long day warmed by the stove with some Arlo Guthrie playing quietly in the background, just my boy and me and our two pups. And lots and lots of pie.

For this, I am so very grateful. After last month’s storms and in anticipation of a harsh winter, I can’t help but count my blessings and consider how to share

them. The work we do at Extension gives me some comfort in knowing we have a team of hardworking folks who come to work each day with gratitude and hope in their heart and with the intension of doing what they can to help others have some piece of mind in their own special way.

Every month, 4-H program coordinator Marylin Jones and volunteers host an intergenerational crochet and knitting group. This committed group meets year round to make hats, scarves, and mittens for Sullivan County residents served by the Federation for the Homeless and an international orphanage.

The Caregiver Resource Center’s Bonnie Lewis travels to just about every municipality in the county to make sure seniors and their caregivers have access to the services and supports they need to wade through the aging process. Energy and consumer educator Sean Welsh works with some of our county’s most vulnerable families to help them carve a path to independence through budgeting and financial education. Our Master Gardener Volunteers, with horticulture program educator

Dayna Gaeta’s help, greet incoming guests to our offices with open arms.

When I think about the quiet time I will spend with my son on Thanksgiving, and the work I’ll do with the Extension team every day until then, I can’t help but think that I am one of the luckiest ladies I know. And I want to thank all of CCESC’s supporters for making it so. For giving us all a reason to show up every day and do meaningful work that makes a difference in the lives of our families and neighbors.

To celebrate each other and the season of Thanksgiving, please consider joining us at this year’s annual Afternoon Gala, to be held Sunday, November 6 from noon to 3:00 pm at Bernie’s Holiday Restaurant in Rock Hill. Or join us at next month’s 102nd Annual Meeting to be held Wednesday, December 7 at 7:00 pm at the Extension Education Center. It would be our pleasure to spend the time with you.

Until then, thank you again for your continued support of Extension and our very special team.

Photo credit: Barry Lewis November, 2016

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Michelle Lipari, Agriculture & 4-H Educator | Written by Vern Grubinger, University of Vermont Extension Why Rye? Cer eal r ye is an excellent winter cover crop because it rapidly produces a ground cover that holds soil in place against the forces of wind and water. Rye’s deep roots help prevent compaction in annually tilled fields, and because its roots are quite extensive, rye also has a positive effect on soil tilth.

Compared to other cereal grains, rye grows faster in the fall and produces more dry matter the following spring-up to 10,000 pounds per acre, although 2 tons is more typical in the Northeast.

Rye is the most winter-hardy of all cereal grains, tolerating temperatures as low as -30°F once it is well established.

It can germinate and grow at temperatures as low as 33°F, but it sure won’t grow very much when it’s that cold.

When sown in late fall, around the time of the first light frost, winter rye is still able to put on just enough growth to provide some protection against soil erosion over the winter. High seeding rates should be used for late-sown winter covers to assure a decent amount of ground cover, since individual plants will be small.

Growing Rye: Cer eal r ye thr ives on well-drained loamy soils but it’s tolerant of both heavy clays and droughty, sandy soils. Rye can withstand drought better than other cereal grains, in part

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because of its prolific root system. It grows best with ample moisture, but excessive rainfall can suppresses subsequent vegetative growth and flooding can it. Rye can grow in low-fertility soils where other cereal grains may fail. Optimum soil pH is 5.0 - 7.0, but pH in the range of 4.5 - 8.0 is tolerated.

Suggested seeding rates are 1 to 2 bushels per acre if drilled, 1.5 to 3 bushels per acre if broadcast and lightly tilled in. A bushel of rye is said to weigh 56 pounds. It’s best to use seeding rates on the high side if planting into a rough seedbed, seeding late in the fall when growing time will be limited, or trying to establish rye on a field that has a high potential for erosion.

Rye is more sensitive to seeding depth than some other cereals, and it should not be sown more than 2 inches deep.

Rye will often respond to a modest application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, but when it follows corn and other crops that have been well-fertilized with N it seldom requires additional fertilizer.

Rye has a good ability to scavenge residual soil N when it follows other crops, and it is commonly grown for this purpose. This reduces the potential for nitrate leaching into groundwater and it conserves N fertilizer inputs, which saves money.

Flowering in rye is induced by 14 hours of light in spring. Vegetative growth stops when reproduction begins. If allowed to grow to maturity, rye residues tend to have a high carbon to nitrogen ratio and high percentages of lignin and cellulose, so they can be slow to decompose.

Extension Connection

Excessive amounts of spring residue produced by rye can delay cash crop planting and actually decrease the availability of N to subsequent crops as N is tied up or ‘immobilized’ by the decomposing residues. To avoid these problems, and to avoid ‘grow-back’ of the rye, it is best to thoroughly incorporate it when it is between 12 and 18 inches tall and still relatively succulent.

In some years wet spring weather may prevent timely field operations, resulting in larger amounts of rye residue than desired.

Rye Plus Legume: Winter r ye can also be grown in mixtures with a legume such as hairy vetch and/or crimson clover. During the fall and winter, cereal rye protects the soil, scavenges soilN, and acts as a nurse crop for the legume. In spring, rye provides structural support for the climbing legumes. The relatively high N content of legumes reduces the overall C:N ratio of the rye/ legume mixtures, and increases the nitrogen available to the following crop.

When growing a winter rye and legume mixture, the rate of winter rye seeding should be reduced to no more than a bushel per acre to allow space for the legume to grow. A seeding rate of about 20 to 30 pounds of hairy vetch per acre is recommended. The mixture should be sown several weeks before the typical first fall frost date to allow time for the legume to adequately establish so it can survive the winter.

In winter hardiness zones 6 and above, about 10 pounds of crimson clover can be added to the mix above, or the clover can be sown at 15 to 20 pounds per acre in place of the vetch. In fields where they have not been grown before, legume cover crops should be inoculated with the proper Rhizobium bacteria to be sure that root nodules are (Continued on page 5) November, 2016

(Continued from page 4) formed and nitrogen fixation takes place.

as a surface mulch it is difficult if not impossible to manage escaped weeds with mechanical cultivation. Thus, a poor no-till cover may be worse than no mulch at all in terms of weed management.

A mixture of hairy vetch plus rye can produce a lot of biomass that can enhance soil quality while providing a significant amount of nitrogen to a subsequent crop. If a fine seedbed is needed the following spring, it may be better to mix hairy vetch with oats, which winter kill in northern locations, since there will be less plant residue to deal with than will be the case with mature rye stems Allelopathic Effects: Cer eal r ye pr oduces several compounds in its plant tissues and releases root exudates that apparently inhibit germination and growth of weed seeds. These allelopathic effects, together with cereal rye's ability to smother other plants with cool weather growth, make it an ideal choice for weed control.

However, allelopathic compounds may suppress germination of small-seeded vegetable crops as well if they are planted shortly after the incorporation of cereal rye residue. Large-seeded crops and transplants rarely are affected. There is some evidence that the amount of allelopathic compounds in tillering plants is lower than in seedlings.

DHI

November, 2016

Research at Penn State, Michigan State and elsewhere has looked at the use of a roller-crimper to mechanically kill winter rye for no-till crop production.

Rye for No-Till: Because it leaves a lot of residue on the soil surface, no-till rye can be an effective way to avoid erosion and help control weeds. Mowing or using a burn-down herbicide are two common methods of killing a rye cover crop for no-till plantings. To kill rye by mowing, it should be done at flowering when the anthers are extended, and pollen falls from the seed heads when shaken. If mowing is done earlier, the rye simply grows back. Studies are underway looking at rolling instead of mowing as a means of physically killing winter rye.

Grow your own Mulch: Some gr owers harvest winter rye to be used for mulching strawberries over winter or for mulching to suppress weeds between vegetable crop rows. Rye can provide a very clean mulch so long as it is cut before any viable seed is set.

After mowing it should be allowed to thoroughly dry in the field and then baled using traditional baling equipment.

The book Managing Cover Crops Profitably is available for free as a pdf or order online at: http://www.sare.org/ Learning-Center/Books/Managing-

For no-till to be effective, it’s important to first grow a very good stand of rye before killing it. When rye is left

September

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Dayna Gaeta, Community Horticulture Program Educator | Written by Dr. Leonard Perry, University of Vermont they can use your leaves for making high quality compost.

Fall is a more relaxed time in the garden, but there is still plenty to do. I usually keep busy until snow flies and I can’t see the ground! Tending to and tidying gardens and landscapes now will give you a jump on activities next spring. Here is a checklist for gardeners of some usual and important fall outdoor projects .

Fall is a good time for planting trees, shrubs, bulbs, and perennials. Earlier in the fall is best, as it gives them time to form roots and get established before the soil gets too cold and roots stop growing (often when the soil temperature gets down to 40 degrees F). Spring bulbs should be planted in fall, even if you do so late, rather than try to hold them until next season.

Evergreens, especially wide-leaved ones such as rhododendrons, should be kept well-watered in early to mid fall, particularly if they don’t get an inch or more of rain per week. This is all the water they’ll get until spring, once the ground gets cold and freezes. Without sufficient water, their leaves will dry out and burn, turning brown. Sprays called “anti-dessicants” are sometimes used to help prevent them from drying out in winter, but may not be effective.

As long as your grass is growing, keep it mowed. Then, usually about midOctober with the last mowing, you can lower the mowing height by about a third. This keeps the grass from being too long by spring, more susceptible to snow mold and other diseases.

Canna, gladiolus, dahlias, and other summer bulbs should be dug for winter storage, after frost kills the tops. Canna can be stored in pots with soil or compost, gladiolus can be stored dry in paper bags. Dahlias should be allowed to dry, once dug, for only a few hours to a day, or they will begin to shrivPage 6

Clean up dead annuals and vegetables in fall, and rake leaves from under fruiting trees and shrubs.

Such “sanitation” removes possible overwintering diseases, and is a good practice for cultural control of diseases.

el. Then either wrap the dahlia tubers in plastic wrap, or store in slightly moistened peat moss or sawdust. Kept too dry over winter, and the tubers will shrivel; kept too wet and they’ll rot.

Fall is not the best time to prune, as wounds won’t heal fully before winter, and so diseases can enter the exposed stems. Do prune if you can’t wait until spring, or if branches are dead, diseased, or damaged. Prune them too if they’re crossing and rubbing other branches.

This is a good time to test your soil, particularly for pH if nothing else.

This is the soil acidity— responsible for nutrients being available to plants. Generally in our area it can be a bit low, needing the application of lime. Use a slow-acting form (not hydrated) of lime in fall, so the soil will be ready by spring. Wait until spring when plants begin growth to add fertilizer.

Keep leaves raked, particularly from lawns, as they’ll smother grass. They can be left on perennial beds to help provide winter protection, and recycle nutrients back into the soil, but you’ll need to make time to rake them mostly off next spring. You can compost leaves, use them as a mulch around shrubs, or, if no place for them and too many, haul to a recycle center where Extension Connection

Fall is a great time to add compost to flower and garden beds, particularly once they’re cleaned up. The compost can work into the soil over winter, and be ready for spring planting. Since compost breaks down in the soil, it needs to be added every year or two. If you add compost yearly, you can merely “topdress” lightly. Otherwise, add an inch or two, and scratch into the soil with a tined hoe or gravel rake.

If perennials such as daylilies have gone by and are looking ugly, cut their leaves back to a few inches high. Also, cut back any perennials whose leaves may be diseased, such as phlox with powdery mildew. Dispose of diseased leaves in trash, don’t compost them, as disease spores often will survive. Leave perennials that are upright, attractive, and that have seed heads to provide food for birds.

Most peonies can be left in place for many years, even decades. But if they are too large or need moving, fall is the time to divide them. Dig them up, cut off the stems, then divide the roots into sections. Each section should have at least three “eyes” or growing buds— they’re usually reddish, plump, and quite obvious. Don’t replant peonies too deeply—buds should only be an inch or two deep—or they won’t bloom. Once divided, it may take peonies a year or two before they bloom.

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(Continued from page 6) If you have garden beds, fall is a good time to edge them to keep grass from encroaching. You can use edging tools just for this purpose, or a square-tipped spade to cut the edge and hoe to remove any grass. If a small and more formal area, you might consider adding an edging material such as paving stones or flexible upright plastic edging from home supply stores.

If you have special trees, particularly newly planted ones this year, you may need to protect them from deer and rabbit browsing.

You can wrap (loosely) tree trunks with hardware cloth screen, or buy special tree trunk wrap at garden stores and online. Tree wraps may be white, and may be fabric or plastic. The white reflects light, keeping the tender bark on trunks from sunscald in winter. If sunscald isn’t a concern, you can wrap trunks with black plastic mesh tree guards.

Once you’re done with tools and

equipment such as mowers, get them ready for winter. Add stabilizer additives to mower fuel, or drain the fuel so it can be added fresh in spring. Clean grass clippings from mower decks.

Drain hoses, and store clay pots so they won’t get wet, freeze, and crack. Clean dirt off tools, and oil them so they don’t rust. Now is a good time to sharpen hoes and pruning tools.

Many hardware and garden stores have sharpeners for the latter.

Wait until late fall to mulch tender plants such as roses and some perennials. You can mulch sooner if you want to trap some ground heat, keeping soils warmer longer and roots growing later into fall. This may be a good idea for recent plantings. Don’t use straw or leaves around roses and shrubs if you have mice in the area. They’ll make winter homes in this material and chew on plant stems. Compost and soil

work better around and over tender plants in such situations.

Don’t forget during these last days in the garden this season to reflect back and make notes on changes, crop rotations, new plants for next year, and what worked and didn’t work out well. If you have plant labels, revisit all your plants one last time and make sure the labels are intact, legible, and don’t need replacing.

Take time to enjoy the fall colors, the weeded beds, your new plantings, and birds in the garden as you put out feeders and heated birdbaths. Check at feed and garden stores for fall sales on high quality bird seed (such as black oil sunflower), and suet, and stock up for winter.

Source: University of Vermont Extension

Submitted by Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director Hydrogen sulfide is a gas with a characteristic rotten-egg odor. In groundwater systems, it is common and originates from bacterial reactions with organic matter or hydrocarbons often associated with oil and natural gas. In groundwater, hydrogen sulfide may occur in water dissolved or as a gas.

Hydrogen sulfide is pungent to humans at low concentrations—often at levels above 0.03 parts per million (ppm).

Human reactions to hydrogen sulfide may include: Discomfort, headaches, depression, dizziness, coughing, throat irritation, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, Irritability, sleep loss, fatigue, memory loss, loss of appetite, weight loss, bronchitis, eye irritation, conjunctivitis and pain, eye damage, pulmonary edema, and death.

November, 2016

Hydrogen sulfide forms an explosive mixture with air from 5.9 percent to 77.2 percent by volume. Ten (10) ppm is the standard concentration in air established by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to trigger an on-site warning; 50 ppm is the standard for triggering emergency actions.

As little as 1 ppm can corrode iron, steel, copper, and brass, leaching metal into the water. Mechanical cleaning and disinfection of the well can help.

Eliminating the Problem Sometimes it is possible to deepen an existing well or drill a new well that yields water without unacceptable hydrogen sulfide levels. A gas-venting well cap also can be effective. In other cases, some form of water treatment Extension Connection

may be needed.

Among the technologies used are:  Aeration, which mixes air with water to separate out sulfide  Carbon filters  Chlorination  Ion exchange in which a resin absorbs hydrogen sulfide  Manganese greensand filtration  Oxidizing filters that change the hydrogen sulfide to sulfur for removal  Ozone treatment that chemically separates sulfur for removal.

Always work with qualified water well system or water treatment professionals when considering well system modifications or water treatment.

Source: www.WellOwner.org.

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Submitted by Sean Welsh, Energy & Consumer Educator Student loans are a great way to obtain the finances needed for a degree, but students need to grasp a couple of things prior to signing on the dotted line to help pay for school. When researching loans, consumers should be able to confidently identify some key information.

What are the loan repayment options and terms? How much interest will you pay? When does your payment plan begin? With these questions in mind, consumers should be able to identify a product that works well for them.

The two broadest types of student loans are based on who the loan is coming from. There are private, sometimes called alternative loans, and federal, or government student loans.

Let’s take a look at some of the differences.

Need-based and non-need-based loans ar e based upon financial need (income and assets). Eligibility for need based loans is largely determined by information submitted in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for a students’ and parents’ income and assets. The FAFSA can be found online at www.fafsa.ed.gov along with other resources to assist students and parents with the application. This is a free application and must be used for any seekers of federal loans or aid. government. There are different types of federal loans, based on financial need and the borrower. Let’s look at some commonalities of federal student loans. 

Do not have to be repaid until a student graduates, leaves school, or enrolls less than half-time (exception: PLUS loans to parents are repaid while a student is in school- 60 days after final disbursement of funds- but payments can be deferred)

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Have a fixed interest rate that is set for the life of the loan at the time of the loan disbursement

Private student loans 

May require repayment while a student is still in school

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Generally have variable interest rates that can go as high as 18%

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All interest is paid by borrowers without any subsidy

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Often require a borrower with an established credit record, requiring a co-signer in many cases

May provide an interest subsidy while a student is enrolled at least half time (subsidized loans)

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Do not require a credit check (except PLUS loans for parents of undergraduate students and graduate students) or a co-signer

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Does not require entrance and exit loan counseling

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Unlikely to offer loan forgiveness or flexible payment options during time of financial hardships

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Unlikely to discharge loan in the event of a student’s death; a cosigner would be required to repay

Require loan counseling at the time of first loan payment and students’ exit from school

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Offers loan flexibility options such as public service loan forgiveness, deferment, and forbearance

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Discharges loan payment liability after required documentation of student’s death is submitted.

Federal student loans ar e loans that are funded or guaranteed by the federal Page 8

Extension Connection

The two types of need based loans are Federal Perkins Loans and Federal Direct Subsidized Loans. Per kins Loans are awarded by colleges to undergraduate and graduate students based on financial need. Annual loan limits and total loan limits for undergraduates and graduate students apply.

Federal Direct Subsidized Loans pay a student’s loan interest while the student is in school and during grace and deferment periods. Annual loan limits and total loan limits for undergraduate students apply.

The two types of non-need-based loans are Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Feral Direct PLUS loans. With unsubsidized loans, interest starts accruing from the time that loan monies are disbursed. This means that by the time a student graduates or leaves school, the amount that is owed is increased. However, interest can be paid while a student is in school so that the loan balance does not grow. Unsubsidized loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students and financial need is not required. Annual loan limits and total loan limits for undergraduate and graduate students apply.

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Submitted by Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director | Written by Jenni Ryall and Jason Abbruzzese "What if somebody could control the thermostat and crank the heat up all the way? Or turn a coffee maker on when you're not home?" Fier said.

A massive cyber attack last month used a system of smart devices like cameras and DVRs to attack important internet infrastructure, leading to widespread problems for some of the web's most popular destinations.

The DDoS attack that targeted an obscure but crucial internet infrastructure company used Internet of Things (IoT) devices, according to analysis by cybersecurity firm Flashpoint. There are more than 6 billion such devices currently running, according to Gartner Research. That number could reach more than 20 billion by 2020.

The attack affected many major websites and services including Twitter, Spotify, and Paypal, which users struggled to access for most of the day. The attack was orchestrated by using malware to infect and influence devices such as televisions, coffeemakers, routers, webcams, and other devices connected to the internet. Flashpoint claimed that the main devices implicated in this attack were digital video recorders. And this could just be the beginning. Next time, it could be something far more serious than not being able to tweet.

your device by using a piece of computer code that searches for any internetconnected devices that have default settings.

This means if you haven't updated your login and password from admin and admin, you are probably being targeted. The malware code scans the internet looking for these devices, which it can then enter and turn into zombies later used to launch an attack on a particular target. B

But how do you stop this happening?

With the average person becoming more and more connected to the internet and introducing more and more devices into their network, being security aware is more important than ever. These attacks are just going to grow in size the more devices become connected. At the moment the average person might have two "The really frightening part of this is not devices, in four years, they might have that we will be struggling with these new 10. attacks for some time, but that the underUpdate, Update, Update: The easiest way lying weakness which makes them sucis to make sure you install automatic upcessful can and will be used to unleash dates. more serious attacks that steal credit "Keep your machines as up to date as cards and weapons designs, manipulate possible. Keep your IoT devices as up to processes like the SWIFT global funds date as possible. When they send out uptransfers, and even destroy physical dates, don't ignore those," Justin Fier, things like the 30,000 PCs at Saudi Ardirector for cyber intelligence and analyamco," wrote Chris Sullivan, general manager of analytics firm Core Security, sis at Darktrace, told Mashable. It's not just the internet that is at stake. This kind in an email. of simple security procedure will make sure none of your devices are part of The good news is that there are steps you can take to help stop this problem. some zombie-machine horde, as well as ensure that whoever controls these devicHow They Get In: An attacker gets into es can't cause problems in your home.

November, 2016

Extension Connection

Be Kind, Reboot: Making sure your connected devices are secure can be as easy as restarting them.

Reboots can wipe malicious code from the memories of connected devices.

That's only a temporary fix, however, as the device can still be susceptible to new scans that then reinstall the malicious code.

Get Smart: The proliferation of internetconnected devices combined with the growing acceptance of technology into our personal lives has created a general need for what Fier calls "good cyber hygiene."

Making sure your home devices aren't being hacked is the kind of basic tech device that we need to internalize much like "don't click on links you shouldn't be clicking on," he said.

Fier noted that this is particularly important as people begin buying more devices for their homes that connect to the internet.

"Four years ago, your house only had a router and maybe a computer per person, now you've got on average, for the typical household of four, eight devices connected to the internet," he said. "Let's put three TVs on top of that, Amazon fire stick or Apple TV. We are already up to a dozen devices and people aren't watching the activity."

Source: Adapted from “The One Thing You Need to Do to Stop Your Home Devices from Getting Hacked� http://mashable.com/2016/10/21/protecthome-devices-iot-hacks/?utm_cid=mashprod-synd-apple-all-full#O8IRf.b8hSqg

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Written by Emily Devore, Healthy Schools Coordinator One component of the worksite wellness initiative of the Creating Healthy Schools and Communities program at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County is healthy meetings.

One worksite wellness strategies includes hosting healthy meetings. Using healthy meeting guidelines creates an environment where individuals are able to choose healthy food options and a chance to move around. Both promote health and wellness. The nutritional approach to healthy meeting guidelines works to increase healthier food and beverage choices. The following strategies are ways to encourage healthy meetings and are good reminders at a time when holiday gatherings and celebrations are plenty. 

Offer nutritious food and beverage options such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and non-sugarsweetened beverages whenever food is offered.

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Use smaller plates, bowls, and serving utensils.

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Provide infused water instead of sugary drinks to limit the intake of sugar.

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Cut desserts in half or serve small portions.

The worksite wellness initiative has several strategies in which worksites in Liberty, Fallsburg, Forestburg, Bethel, Monticello, Mamakating and Thompson can explore with CCE Sullivan staff. Healthy meetings guidelines are just one.

Ingredients: 3- 15 oz. cans black beans

1 -16 oz. can diced tomatoes 1 1/4 cup onion, chopped 4 cloves garlic, chopped 2 Tbsp. olive oil 2 Tbsp. ground cumin Sources: NANA Meeting Guidance.

Center for Science in the Public Interest. (May 11, 2016). Retrieved on October 7, 2016 from https://cspinet.org/ nutritionpolicy/Healthy-MeetingGuidelines.pdf.

4 1/2 cups low fat, low sodium beef or vegetable broth 1 16 oz. can pumpkin puree 1/2 lb. chopped ham (optional)

4 Tbsp. apple cider vinegar Healthy Meeting Toolkit. Center for Science in the Public Interest. (April 1, 2014). Retrieved on October 7, 2016 from https://cspinet.org/resource/ healthy-meeting-toolkit.

Healthy Meeting Hacks. Center for Science in the Public Interest. (August 1, 2016). Retrieved on October 7, 2016 from https://cspinet.org/resource/ healthy-meeting-hacks.

Creating Healthy Schools and Communities. Cornell University Cooperative Extension Sullivan County. Retrieved on October 7, 2016 from http:// sullivancce.org/food-nutrition/creating -healthy-schools-communities.

Directions: 1. Pur ee beans and tomatoes, set aside. 2. In a large pan heat oil. Add onion, garlic, cumin and pepper and cook until lightly browned. 3.

Stir in bean/tomato puree, beef broth and pumpkin. 4. Simmer 25 minutes or until thick enough to coat back of spoon. 5. Add ham and vinegar; stir until heated through.

Serving Size: 1/14 r ecipe (about 1 cup) , Yields about 14 servings Nutrition Facts per Serving: Calories 160 Dietary Fiber 7g Calories from Fat 40 Sugars 2g Total Fat 4.5g Protein 10g Saturated Fat 1g Vitamin A 100% Cholesterol 10mg Vitamin C 10% Sodium 600mg Calcium 6% Total Carbohydrates 18g Iron 15% Source: Recipe from Cooking Together for Family Meals Teaching Guide, Year 2, 2/18/08. Pat Thonney, FNEC Finger Lakes Region and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University

To learn more about healthy meetings and worksite wellness, contact the office at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County at 845-292-6180 and ask for Emily Devore or Wanda Cruz.

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1/2 tsp. pepper

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Submitted by SueAnn Boyd, Healthy Schools Coordinator Winter squash is often thought of as just a decorative gourd used during the fall season; pumpkins for Jack-o'lanterns and pretty yellow or green gourd-type squash for decorating the porch with corn stalks. Most people are unfamiliar with the wonderful variety of hard-shell winter squash that are available for consumption.

Winter squash is a warm-season vegetable that can be grown in most of the country.

It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage, when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind.

When ripened to this stage, fruits of most varieties can be stored for use throughout the winter. Squash is a tender vegetable. The seeds do not germinate in cold soil, and the seedlings are injured by frost. Do not plant until all danger of frost is past and soil is thoroughly warmed. Squash plants should be kept free from weeds by hoeing and shallow cultivation. Irrigate if an extended dry period occurs in early summer. Squash requires minimal care after the vines cover the ground. Bees are necessary for pollinating squash and pumpkins and are killed by insecticides. If insecticides are used, they should be applied in late afternoon or early evening after the bees stop visiting blossoms for the day. Winter squash can be harvested whenever the fruits have turned a deep, solid color and the rind is hard. Harvest the main part of the crop in September or October, before heavy frosts hit your area.

Be sure to cut squash from the vines carefully, leaving two inches of stem attached if possible. Avoid cuts and bruises when handling. Fruits that are not fully mature, have been injured, have had their stems knocked off, or have been subjected to heavy frost do not keep and should be used as soon as possible or be composted (watch for seedlings in the compost). Be sure to November, 2016

store your squash in a dry area where the temperature is between 50 and 55° F. For prolonged storage, do not pile up squash more than two fruits deep. It is preferable, where space allows, by placing the fruits in a single layer so that they do not touch each other. This arrangement minimizes the potential spread of rots.

Selection and Storage: The squash family includes pumpkins, summer squash, and winter squash.

They are really edible gourds. There are many varieties with a wide range of flavors and textures. Winter squash does not look the same either. Their tough outer shells can be smooth or bumpy, thin or thick, and rock hard with a wide array of colors. The most popular winter squash includes acorn, buttercup, butternut, Hubbard, spaghetti, and sweet dumpling. Winter squash is planted in the spring, grows all summer, and is always harvested at the mature stage in early autumn before the first frost. Immature winter squash lacks flavor, so wait until the rind is hard. Harvest winter squash with two inches of stem remaining. A stem cut too short is like an open wound, which will cause early decay.

For storage, harvest sturdy, heavy squashes with fairly glossy skin that is unblemished by soft spots, cuts, breaks or uncharacteristic discoloration. The large hard rind winter squash can be stored up to six months under these conditions.

Warmer temperatures simply mean shorter storage time. The smaller acorn and butternut do not store as well, only up to 3 months.

Store cut pieces of winter squash in the refrigerator. Refrigeration is too humid for whole squash, and they will deteriorate quickly. Winter squash is a tasty source of complex carbohydrate (natural sugar and starch) and fiber.

Fiber, which was once called roughage, absorbs water and becomes bulky in Extension Connection

the stomach. It works throughout the intestinal tract, cleaning and moving waste quickly out of the body. Research suggests that this soluble fiber plays an important role in reducing the incidence of colon cancer.

Winter squash is also a source of potassium, niacin, and iron. The orange-fleshed squash is also an excellent source of beta carotene. As a general rule, the deeper the orange color, the higher the beta carotene content. Beta carotene is converted to Vitamin A in the body.

Vitamin A is essential for healthy skin, vision, bone development and maintenance, as well as many other functions.

How to Prepare and Serve: Peeling winter squash can be a challenge to the novice. The thin-skinned varieties (acorn, butternut, and sweet dumpling) can be peeled with a paring knife or vegetable peeler. Most recipes using these varieties call for cutting the squash in half. Position the squash on a cutting board, stem end facing you.

Place the blade of a heavy chef’s knife horizontally along the length of the squash. With a hammer or mallet, repeatedly hit the back of the blade near the handle to drive it into the squash until it breaks in half. Place the larger varieties (Hubbard and Turk’s turban) on newspaper and use a sharp cleaver to split the hard-rind open. Or use the chef’s knife method described above.

Once you have a slit cut, bang on a hard surface and pull apart. Pieces are easier to peel. With a spoon, scoop out the seeds and strings and discard, or set aside if you plan to roast the seeds. To cook winter squash, place unpeeled pieces cut sides down on a shallow baking dish and bake in a 350°F oven for 30 minutes or longer. Check for doneness by piercing with a fork or skewer. When the squash is tender, remove from the oven and allow the pieces to cool. Spoon out the soft flesh (Continued on page 14) Page 11

Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, Dependent Care Educator November is National Family Caregivers’ Month.

The theme for National Family Caregivers Month November 2016 is “Take Care to Give Care”.

Beginning in November 1994, National Family Caregivers Month was inaugurated by the National Family Caregiver Association. President Clinton signed the first Presidential Proclamation in 1997, and each successive president has followed suit. Now, we set aside a month to honor and celebrate the invaluable contributions caregivers make to families and community.

As this month also marks Alzheimer’s Disease Awareness Month, let’s not forget those who care for people with Alzheimer’s.

President Obama writes: “Family caregivers have an immeasurable impact on the lives of those they assist, but their hours are long and their work is hard.”

He reaffirms his administration’s support of programs like the National Family Caregiver Support Program, the Lifespan Respite Care Program, the National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease and the Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act, which gives financial support to veterans injured since 9/11, and their caregivers.

those caring for a person older than 65, the average age of caregivers is 63, with one-third of these caregivers in fair to poor health.

The first rule of taking care of others: take care of yourself first.

Caregiving can be a rewarding experience, but it is also physically and emotionally demanding. The stress of dealing with caregiving responsibilities leads to a higher risk of health issues among the Nation’s 90 million family caregivers.

So as a family caregiver, remember to pay attention to your own physical and mental wellness, and get proper rest and nutrition.

Only by taking care of yourself can you be strong enough to take care of your loved one. You really do need to “take care to give care!”

Sources: Caregiver Action Network, http://caregiveraction.org/nationalfamily-caregivers-month, American Society on Aging, http:// www.asaging.org/blog/show-you-carecelebrate-national-family-caregiversmonth

Here are some quick facts about caregiving in the United States, from the Administration on Aging (AOA):  65.7 million caregivers make up 29 percent of the U.S. adult population.  An estimated 66 percent of caregivers are female. One-third take care of two or more people, and the average age of a female caregiver is 48.  Many caregivers of older people are older adults themselves. Of Page 12

Provided by Caregivers Action Network (CAN) 1. Seek support from other caregivers. You are not alone!

2. Take care of your own health so that you can be strong enough to take care of your loved one.

3. Accept offers of help and suggest specific things people can do to help you.

4. Learn how to communicate effectively with doctors.

5. Caregiving is hard work so take respite breaks often.

6. Watch out for signs of depression and don't delay getting professional help when you need it.

7. Be open to new technologies that can help you care for your loved one.

8. Organize medical information so it's up to date and easy to find.

9. Make sure legal documents are in order.

10. Give yourself credit for doing the best you can in one of the toughest jobs there is!

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Submitted by Marylin Jones, 4-H Program Coordinator Intergenerational programming refers to a wide range of initiatives that aim to bring young people and older adults together to interact, stimulate, educate, support, and provide care for one another. In recent years there has been a groundswell of intergenerational program activity, grounded in a variety of disciplines and taking place in a wide range of settings. The National Council on Aging defines “intergenerational programs” as “activities or programs that increase cooperation, interaction or exchange between any two generations” and involves the “sharing of skills, knowledge or experience between old and young”.

Cornell University has been active in joining other land grant universities throughout the country to network and develop intergenerational programming strategies that can be used to strengthen and enrich extension programs, particularly for children, youth, and families.

The Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research at Cornell has identified “Intergenerational Connections” as one of the core research projects for its PRYDE initiative: Program for Research on Youth Development and Engagement “to promote positive youth development through innovative research and evidence-based approaches.”

Work by Cornell researcher, Karl Pillemer, has found that exposing young people to active and productive elders improves attitudes toward aging and fosters openness to making contact with older people. His research on intergenerational connections aims to expand on previous findings by testing innovative models linking 4-H youth to older people in meaningful activities.

The “Building a Community Legacy Together” (BCLT) project, which involved a number of extension programs throughout New York state, November, 2016

energy and resources of older adults (as well as young people) in service to people of other generations.

including Sullivan County’s own 4-H and Caregiver Resource Center programs, has been a particular focus of his research. Youth were taught basic interviewing skills by extension educators, to prepare them for meeting elders and collecting the nuggets of wisdom older citizens have gained through life experience. Pre- and post-interview surveys were taken to collect data on demographics as well as perceptions about aging by those involved. The recorded interviews as well as the surveys were integrated into Pillemer’s research.

At the root of these activities is a conceptual framework that attributes social significance to intergenerational programs and practices. In their paper “In Search of an Intergenerational Agenda for Cooperative Extension,” authors Matthew Kaplan and Mary BrintnallPeterson note that “we are in the midst of a longevity revolution, a dramatic increase in the size of the older population. Whereas in 1900, 4 percent of the population (3 million) were age 65 or older, in 2000 that group grew to 13 percent (35 million), and it is estimated by 2030 will grow to 20 percent (over 70 million) of the population .

Intergenerational programming is often referred to as a separate “field” in and of itself. However in the Extension system, much programming has already incorporated an intergenerational approach: the 4-H Youth Development’s connection to adult volunteers and mentors, Master Gardener community beautification efforts and horticultural programs for youth, literacy initiatives such as Ag in the Classroom, nutrition and food safety programs (e.g. food preservation classes), as well as community development efforts.

Thus, although the intergenerational studies field is still considered to be in its infancy, Matthew Kaplan, Penn State University faculty in the Department of Intergenerational Programs and Aging, noted in a recent presentation at Cornell University, that there is abundant information available on how to create intergenerational programs, and he encourages educators, mentors and communities to begin “thinking intergenerationally.”

Sources: Matthew Kaplan and Mary Brintnall-Peterson, “In Search of an Intergenerational Agenda for Cooperative Extension”, Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, Volume 7, Numbers 1 & 2, (20012002). PRYDE, https:// blogs.cornell.edu/pryde. Penn State Intergenerational Program, http:// extension.psu.edu/youth/ intergenerational.

Whether this trend is viewed in positive or negative terms, Kaplan and Brintnall-Peterson conclude, will depend to a large extent on the contributions older adults make to family and community life, with intergenerational programs mobilizing the talents, skills, Extension Connection

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(Continued from page 11)

(Continued from page 8)

and mash with a fork or process in a blender or food processor. Peeled pieces can be cut into cubes and boiled until tender. Use with any recipe calling for cooked mashed or pureed squash. You can also microwave the squash pieces on high for 15 minutes or longer. Small acorn squash and spaghetti squash can be pierced in several places with a long-tined fork or metal skewer and baked whole. Piercing prevents the shell from bursting during cooking. Place the squash in a baking dish and bake for 1 1/2 to 2 hours at 325°F. Test for doneness by squeezing the shell. When it gives a bit with pressure, it is done.

Home Preservation for Squash: You can store whole winter squash in an area where temperatures range from 45 to 50°F for three to six months. At room temperature reduce storage time to one and a half to three months depending on variety. Cooked squash freezes well. Pack into freezer containers or freezer bags leaving 1/2 inch head space and freeze for up to one year. Make sure you date the freezer bag and its contents. Spaghetti squash does not stay cubed during heating; it should be frozen instead of canned.

The Federal Direct PLUS Loans are made to parents of dependent undergraduate students and to graduate or professional students.

Sources: www.ces.ncsu.edu; www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov

Annual loan limits apply (the total cost of college, minus other aid received) but they have no maximum loan amount. Financial need is not required, but a good credit history is.

Parents’ PLUS loans cannot be transferred later to a student and become the students’ financial responsibility.

The US Department of Education is the lender for subsidized and unsubsidized Federal Direct loans.

Below are student loan resources that may prove helpful during this process:

Direct Loans http://www2ed.gov/offices/OSFAP/ DirectLoan/index.html Types of Aid: Loans http://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/types/loans Types of Loans- Federal vs Private https://studentaid.gov/sa/types/loans/ federal-vs-private Sources: Get Help Paying for College, (fafsa.ed.gov, October 2016) retrieved from https://fafsa.ed.gov/ on Oct, 4 2016 Types of Student Loans, (O’Neil, Barbara, 2016) Rutgers Cooperative Extension, retrieved from http:// articles.extension.org/sites/default/files/ Types_of_Student_Loans_B.O'Neill.pdf on Oct, 4 2016

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Extension Connection

November, 2016

Consumer & Financial Table August 19, 20, 21 Thousands of contacts viewed the consumer, financial, and energy efficiency educational exhibits available in CCESC display area of the 4-H Youth Building at the Sullivan County Youth Fair.

Landlord/Tenant Class

4-H Youth State Fair Exhibits Displayed at Gov’t Center

vice projects for the Sullivan County Federation for the Homeless.

October 3-7 In celebration of National 4-H Week the 4-H program assembled a display of the majority of its static exhibits which advanced to the 2016 State Fair in Syracuse. Over 25 youth participated in the exhibition at the government center.

August 23 Seven participants attended a class on landlord and tenant rights offered in collaboration with Town of Liberty Parks & Recreation Department as well as the Legal services of the Hudson Valley presenting.

Budgeting Workshop August 29 Six people were in attendance at Action Towards Independence in Monticello to learn basic budgeting skills.

Credit/Debt Workshop August 30 Nine people were in attendance at Action Towards Independence in Monticello to learn about the importance of credit and ways one can get out of debt.

Distilling Grains Workshop October 5 Ten farmers and aspiring grain producers attended a presentation on distilling grains by Justin O’Dea from CCE Ulster. Topics discussed were harvesting, drying, and storage of grains, as well as variety selection and what distillers and brewers are looking for in a product.

Leaf-Peeping Hike October 8 A free program in collaboration with National Park Service of the Upper Delaware River brought ten participants to the Mongaup River Trail via bus for an easy hike suitable for all ages and in time for the leaf changes.

Farm & Food Conference Catskill Kitchen Launch October 21 A day of educational workshops where over 50 participants learned proven strategies for promoting their agricultural or value-added products and business from leading experts. This program was held on the site of the new Catskills Kitchen Food Business Incubator, formerly known as EaT Kitchen.

4-H Strategy Committee October 19

4-H Window Displays October 2-8 Eleven clubs representing over 130 4-H members assembled displays throughout the county in celebration of National 4-H Week. Clubs were responsible for planning, designing, and assembling a display in a business or public location featuring the 2016 theme of “4-H Grows Here” .

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Formed of both adult and youth volunteers, 7 members were in attendance to work on final components of a long term 4-H strategic plan.

4-H Winter Workshops Committee Meeting October 28

4-H Intergenerational Textile Project October 21 Presentation of handmade items for the Romanian orphanage was made to “Kids Town Organization” community contact, Tina Johnstone. Participants continued work on their ongoing serExtension Connection

A final meeting was held for the committee to wrap up details for the 4-H Winter Workshops event on December 3 (snowdate December 4). Twelve lead adult volunteers will be supported by up to twelve teen leaders to offer 10 stations of make-and-take activities at this popular annual event.

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Afternoon Gala & Live Auction Our annual Afternoon Gala is on November 6 and we really need your support at this important fundraiser!

This year’s theme is Denim and Diamonds, so join us in jeans, or dressed to the nines.

Help us to honor Denise Frangipane, Karen Mariner, and Richard Schulman, as outstanding friends of Extension with the Now & Then Awards.

Enjoy locally-sourced cuisine, a silent auction of local ar t, and the BEST live auction around including hand crafted quilts and table sets, a private portrait session in NYC, farm-fresh quality square hay bales, a one-on-one gardening consultation, NY Knicks tickets, a rustic repurposed barn wood wine rack (with wine), a “treat yourself” package, a signed NY Rangers framed collectible, a fishing package, a local food package, beautiful paintings, NY Jets memorabilia, recreational experiences, assorted gift certificates, and MORE! Can’t make it? You can take an ad out in our gala jour nal at affor dable r ates, or be an event sponsor at $250 for one free ticket and a quarter page ad, or $500 for two free tickets and a half page ad.

Help us celebrate over 100 years of grassroots education for farmers, families, individuals in need, and young people.

Call 845-292-6180 | E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu | Visit sullivancce.or g Page 16

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4-H Achievement Night

Life is about making healthy choices.

Make Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County YOUR resource of choice!

Donate on National Giving Day November 29, 2016 sullivancce.org/donate

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Extension Connection

The public is invited to celebrate all that our 4-H youth members have accomplished this past year at an awards ceremony on November 18 from 7:00 to 9:00 pm at Bethel Woods Events Gallery! Please RSVP if you plan to come.

Fly Fishing Club Interest Anyone who is interested in starting a 4-H fly fishing club at the Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum in Livingston Manor can contact the CCESC office to add your name to the interest list. Call Colleen at 845292-6180 or e-mail her at cm638@cornell.edu.

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Volunteer Spotlight - Richard Schulman

Staff Spotlight - Vincent LoCascio

Richard Shulman has been a member of CCESC for 54 years and counting!

Richard has an impressive resume with vast experiences and stories. He completed the Master Food Preserver and Master Gardener Volunteer trainings, and even attends tai chi at CCE. He has donated over 100 hours of volunteer time to the MGV program since graduating in 2014. Richard also has a long history as a reputable local poultry farmer, knowledgeable in every phase of poultry production.

He has hosted many educational poultry meetings and Down on the Farm Day at the Cochecton family farm. From engineering his construction projects, to raising laying hens and meat birds, to growing sweet potatoes, Richard is a Jack-of-all-trades. He is described by his fellow volunteers as a kind, generous, industrious individual, who is always there when you need him.

He helped build the front garden beds and designed and built a solar food dehydrator and 60 screech owl boxes to raise money, and is working on tree identification plaques for the CCE grounds. He has been chosen to receive a 2016 Gala Award for outstanding service. Congrats, Richard!

The new Eat Smart New York Nutrition Educator for Sullivan County educates individuals and families who are using SNAP benefits on how to purchase and prepare healthier foods, while stretching their benefits to get the most out of them. Vincent helps local agencies through creating healthy policy, and environmental, and systemic changes.

He graduated from SUNY Oswego with a bachelor’s in wellness management, while interning for the Eat Smart New York program at CCE Orange County over the summer.

Farm Spotlight - Rosehaven Alpacas Michele Armour and Rob Bruce started in the alpaca business in 2003 at a family farm in Warwick.

Once established, they moved the herd to Callicoon in 2006.

After starting with processing fiber into yarn on their farm, they opened a farm store in 2007, which eventually moved their products into more retail and farm market locations, including Union Square and Brooklyn Green Markets in NYC. The farm holds about 110 alpacas on 40 acres of land. Recent successes include winning Grey Female National Championship for fleece this past July and Halter Championship in 2016 at the North Carolina Alpaca Show, in addition to many other blue ribbons across the country. This year, they opened a retail establishment in Bethel that highlights their farm’s products and fashion lines.

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4-H Member Spotlight - Sean & Colin M. Sean and Colin M. have been exceptionally active 4H’ers in the Sullivan County program. The brothers, Sean a four year member and Colin a three year member, each enrolled in 4-H at the age of five and have remained busy exploring a wide range of project areas ever since. Aside from their interests in science, the arts, textiles, and community service, they are very active in the 4-H Poultry Program. As part of the Jack and Jills Club, the Sullivan County Shooting Sports Program, and as individuals, they have taken advantage of the many opportunities 4-H makes available county wide, regionally, and at the state level including International Night, Bethel Woods Trip, Camp Shankitunk, Animal Crackers, and Insectapalooza at Cornell. Each year, they are involved in Public Presentations and exhibiting at the Youth Fair, with a number of still exhibits from both Colin and Sean selected to advance to State Fair. With their longstanding interest in raising chickens and eggs, they have been key volunteers for the Youth Fair poultry department, especially with their mom as Poultry Superintendent. A special note of appreciation goes out to these young men for taking time out of their busy schedules to host interactive booths in the Youth Building at fair this year, teaching others how to build mini-catapults and other toys out of household items.

They exhibit leadership and serve as positive role models.

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Program Spotlight - Tai Chi for Fall Prevention

Two classes of tai chi practitioners graduated in late September after eight twice-weekly sessions, to learn the six basic ‘sun’ style tai chi movements. These 23 new graduates, one group based out of the Mamakating Senior Center and the other at Cornell Cooperative Extension, used these gentle and graceful exercises to improve their balance, strengthen their muscles, and improve their coordination. These groups, along with an earlier spring graduating group out of the Bethel Senior Center, were led by Bonnie Lewis, RN/ Dependent Care Educator of the CCESC Caregiver Resource Center program.

According to the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults over the age of 65 falls each year. A recent review of 111 randomized trials involving over 55,000 subjects singled out tai chi to be an effective exercise to prevent falls. With regular practice, tai chi improves balance while improving calmness and confidence in not falling. Thus, both physically and mentally, tai chi is an extremely effective exercise for fall prevention.

The basic principles are movement control (slow, smooth, and continuous, helping to strengthen internal muscles), weight transference (transferring weight with each step, helping to improve mobility, coordination, and balance) and integration of the mind with the body (using a confident and calm focus on their posture and movements).

Congratulations to all the graduates for taking a pro-active stance in their health!

Graduates from the Mamakating Senior Center are: Loretta and Tony Alteio, MayBella Blair, Maria DeLourdes - Dallin, Theresa Ether, Ann and Joseph Gallo, Mickey Maher, Marie Neye, Marion Penna, Louise Rozos, Joan Thomas, and Annemarie Willard. The Cornell Cooperative Extension graduates are: Carol Smythe, Dyan Campbell, Georgia Grammer, Hans Marcussen, Helen Hessinger, Mia and Joe Koerner, Richard Schulman, Sylvia Baidowsky, and Vickie LaPolt.

November, 2016

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One farmer feeds: 128 people

Cornell University has approximately 21,000 students, 245,000 living alumni, and 14 distinguished public and private colleges and schools Male peppers have 3

bumps on the bottom, fewer seeds, and are better to cook with.

Female peppers have 4 bumps, are sweeter, and best for eating raw

Soupbone: A pitcher’s throwing arm

The ginkgo tree is among the most ancient of plants still in existence for 200 million years

Lanolin, a constituent of wool grease secreted by the sebaceous gland of sheep is reclaimed from the waste fluids of the fleece scouring process and is widely used in skin care November is National: products Family Caregivers’ It takes 9 seconds to harvest enough wheat to make 70 loaves of bread

Forage Exchange Site is Now Live!

Resource Libraries

Given the severe drought across much of NYS this year and the potential need for additional forage on dairy farms across the state, Cornell Cooperative Extension at the state level is restarting the online CCE Forage Exchange.

Did you know that we have several resource libraries with collections of books and informational publications on topics ranging from urban rooftop gardening to tenants’ rights, to farming, to family budgeting, to caregiving, to insurance, to residential energy efficiency, and much, much more!

Producers or growers with surplus forage or corn may use this site for free to list what they have for sale. Interested buyers may use this site to find what they need and make arrangements directly with sellers.

Forage exchange: http://forage-exchange.cce.cornell.edu How to post an ad video: https://youtu.be/Olrwm9drrgU

Public Health Survey YOUR INPUT IS IMPORTANT! Visit the right sidebar of our website homepage at www.sullivancce.org for the link to a Sullivan County Public Health survey that will help inform local initiatives for community health.

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Diabetes Awareness Novel Writing Peanut Butter Lovers’ Native American Heritage Good Nutrition Hunger Awareness Latin American Heritage

Month

We even have some materials available in Spanish, and we’re working to increase access to Spanish translated documents so that we can better serve the diverse communities of Sullivan County.

The libraries are housed at our Extension Education Center so stop by Monday through Friday to check it out.

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Charles Keating Cell: 570-430-1045 Fax: 570-689-2688

Member Exchange ANIMALS & SUPPLIES

 Cattle Feed Bran $160 ton delivered call 845

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292-9224 for information Ewes, lambs for sale. Il de Franc x Dorset crosses. Easy keepers. All twins, some blacks.

Triplet 2 year old ram. Freezer lambs. La Mancha doe and female twins. Apple Pond Farm 845 482 4764 Rabbits for all Reasons and Chicks to Hens of Many Breeds. Member of A.R.B.A. for 37 years. 845-888-0274 Oak Ridge Farm – Horses Boarded, Large Indoor arena, excellent quality hay grown on farm, lessons available 845-482-4686 Lashside Farm. Full board or turnout. 845-292 -3765 Retired Horse Boarding on 45 acre farm. Your horse will be well taken care of on our peaceful farm. 845-482-4779 Lambs, Baby Goats and Hay 845-434-7764 Registered Polled Hereford Bulls for Sale.

Bred cows. Call Stone Ridge Farm 845-4394359 Trout for sale. 6"-8" Brook Trout. Delivered or picked up. Call Beaverkill Trout Hatchery for details. 845-439-4947 Bring us your retiring horse or those in need of rest. We will provide personalized care on our 50 acre farm at reasonable cost. Heaven’s Gait Farm 1-516-721-9173.

For Sale Royal Palm Turkeys White Birds Breeding Stock, Polled Hereford Bulls and Cows Call 845-439-4359 Goats for sale. 845-252-7434

November, 2016

AUTOS & OTHER VEHICLES

 4 person peddle boat, Large, Mint heavy duty ~ 2003 Arctic Cat pantera, 2 up(seater) 2000 miles, mint condition snowmobile ~ Artic cat 370cc snowmobile 1000 miles. Mint condition Call for prices Pete (845-557-8678) petetraina4u@yahoo.com

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EQUIPMENT FOR SALE  Buhler Grain 180 Roller Mill PTO Drive Auger

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ea. Dorm size fridge $10 292-5098 Narrowsburg Yarn for sale. Alpaca 2 ply& core yarn 516941-7207 2 slots machines, mint working condition.

Lights and sound with tokens ~ Antique Mantle clocks (mint) Many other items Pete 845-5578678 petetraina4u@yahoo.com 1983 Glassport 19' 7'' inboard/outboard, 350 Chevy and 20' dual axle trailer. Needs work.

Make offer. 203 740 0167 Hot water radiators 25.5" x 15.5" to 47" [10 total] and 19" x 36.5" and 39" BO 203-7400167 Men’s size 8 chest high fishing waders with felt soles. Worn once paid $200 asking $85.

914-237-2329.

5 foot 3 pt. hitch Woods Finish Moore RM59.

Asking $500. 434-6850

Discharge new $4000. 8”x24’ Auger Electric Motor & Hopper Never Used $1000 call 845292-6960.  16 x7 dual axle Cargo Mate Trailer for $2,500, call Denise at 845-807-7540  5 Power Angle Plow for 1980’s CJ Jeep all controls work $450 845-985-7052  John Deere 3010, Diesel, WFE, Dual Hyd. Outlets, Rops. Asking $6,000. 845-551-1649

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MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE  Need great bags & purses? Contact Tanya@

HAY FOR SALE  For Sale: 4X4 Round Bales $15.00 ea. 845-

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Initials,inc.www.myinitials-inc.com/ tanyahuggler ; tanyasinitialsinc@gmail.com ; (845)807-7502 ; Initials,inc. Creative Partner.

Little Bear of Aspen Snow Shoes—2 pr. $45 973-890-1747 Leave message 300 gal gas tank with hand pump on skids $300.00 845-647-8506 Casio- multi function display electric keyboard with stand. 845-887-5288 Lawn Stork-A sign you rent out when someone is having a baby. Start your own business $200.00 OBO 845-557-6090 Maytag 16 cu freezer 2 yrs old $200; Full Size Microwave $25; 2 two drawer file cabinets $10

Extension Connection

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482-4061

 HAY – Square Bales - Local Delivery available 845-887-4582

 Hay 1st, 2nd, 3rd square, round and wrapped.

Protein – 19.1 – 22.6 composted. Topsoil, sand, gravel and cattle. 845-985-7866  Hay square bales 845-807-2532  Round Hay Bales for sale – 583-6024  4x4 Second cutting hay. $40 in the field waded. 292-7042

(Continued on page 26) Page 25

Member Exchange (Continued from page 25) FARMERS’ MARKET CORNER

 Mountain Side Farm 100% Grass Fed Beef &   

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Pure NY Maple Syrup 845-742-6281, 845-7334809 Wacky Weeds Produce Natural Grown Certified Wholesale Farmer 845-693-1153 Muthig Farm - Maple Syrup, Maple Cream, Maple Jelly, Maple Sugar. Tours in March by apt. 845 -292-7838 Justus Asthalter Maple Syrup Inc. – New & used maple equipment & supplies for all size maple producers. Syrup, Cream, Candies, we ship anywhere. Sugar Hill Containers and Leader glass in stock. Call us at 845-292-8569 or email family@justusmaple.com/ www.justusmaple.com CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HONEY Pollen, propolis, Royal Jelly, bee supplies & equipment.

Hives supers frames from our shop. Save $$ Jim Kile 845-647-6759 Farm fresh real food prepared and delivered weekly. Naturalcontents.com 888-551-8625 Wahldairyfarm.com Home grown Pork, Beef and Eggs. Guinea Fowl – 845-887-5737 Asian Specialty Vegetables. Charlie Koh. Seon Organic Farm 631-599-0072 Nutritious and Delicious Home Made Soups and Breads delivered to your door.

Woodridgesoupemporium.com Organic Garlic for sale; reasonable prices. Call John 845-292-1195 "Dogs Luv'em" all natural Murray's chicken dog treats. 845-283-1128 Story’s Neversink Plant Co.-Rare succulents and interesting plants. By app’t. Only. John W. Story, Proprietor 845-985-5071 Korwan's Nursery Rhododendrons, perennials, trees, shrubs, and woodcarving. Landscaping 845-482-3345 Beaverkill Trout Hatchery- top quality trout, brook, brown & rainbow for sale. Trout preserve open Apr.1- Labor Day- 845-439-4947 email: troutlady61@yahoo.com THEODORA ORGANIC FARM Email: Theodoraorganicfarm@gmail.com- 646-710-0505 “No Farms, No Food” On farm vegetable and fruit stand open Saturday 10-2. River Brook Farm, Cochecton, NY 845-932-7952 Fertrell organic fertilizers, soil amendments and complete soil testing with recommendations available. Baron Organics, Products & Support, Jeffersonville, NY 12748. 845-482-3902 BK Logging Firewood for Sale—Standing Timber Wanted hard & soft wood 845-292-4942

FOR BETTER BUSINESS  Steven N. Mogel Attorney At Law 457 Broadway, STE 16A Monticello, NY 12701 www.sullivancountylawyers.com 845-791-4303

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 Klein's Tax Service. 25+ Years Experience.   

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(845) 292-9225 Free photographic app’ts by appointment 845434-3147 Liz Lawrence I. Oestrich- Licensed land Surveyor, Estimates, Boundaries, and Subdivisions. 845791-4541 Licensed Security Guards & Any size property patrol. Alarm & camera installation with central station. Since 1980” When you are away your neighbors will play” Reasonable rates. 845-557 -8678. petetraina4u@yahoo.com Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto and life, group benefits and health plans-please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794-5544 ext 2615 for free no obligation quote.

Muthig & Sons - Landscaping - Logging Decks - Roofs - Firewood (845) 807-1711 Clown for all occasions, info @ www.misssunshinetheclown.com for all your party entertainment. 845-807-6222 Wurtsboro Veterinary Clinic- 163 Sullivan St. Box 190, Wurtsboro, NY 12790 845-888-4884 Dr. Linda Tintle, Dr. Dean Tinter, Dr. Nancy Odell, Dr. Joe D’Abbraccio Norbert’s Clock Repair. Antique specialist. Fair Price. For estimate/pickup 845-887-5831 Old interesting barn finds? Call for free appraisal 482-4901 Hartley Consulting, INC. Strategic Development for Non Profits. www.hartleyconsulting.com Duke Pottery. www.dukepottery.com Pottery Studio, Art Gallery, Gift Shop. Open Year Round, Fri, Sat, Sun 11:00-5:00 or by chance.

855 Co. Rd. 93, Roscoe, NY O&L Digital Photo- Weddings, Sweet 16, Birthdays, Baptisms and special events. Album packages & DVD video. 845-932-5020 or 917693-9891 www.dbase.com or olima@msn.com

FURNITURE & HANDMADE ITEMS  Visit Charlie Barbuti Furniture Mall for all your furniture and mattress needs. 292-4826 www.barbutifurniture@verizon.net  Majek Furniture- Full Line Furniture and Mattress showroom; www.Majekfurniture.com

FOR A BETTER YOU

 Strumpflers Mt View Cottages 845-252-7494  Jin Shin Jyutsu, Near Grahamsville. Energetic, Harmonizing 647-6572

 Yoga classes near Neversink Dam. Gentle stretches for seniors and beginners. Schedule Mon, Wed, Sat a.m. Thurs. p.m. I free introductory class. Yoga improves flexibility & health.

Reiki sessions by appt. Relieve stress & pain.

Call Joy 845-292-7870

HELP WANTED  Looking to work on a farm this summer? Call

ble. Must have transportation to Swan Lake.

845-701-2572.

REAL ESTATE – AGENCIES, PROPERTIES, & RENTALS

 Strumpflers Boarding House- 845-252-6675  Catskill Brokers, Inc. Real Estate Services.

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Cynthia L. Johnson, Broker. Woodbourne, NY 845-434-7860- email: catskillbrokers@hvc.rr.com For all your real estate needs come for a visit and stay for a lifetime. “Trout Town USA” Roscoe, NY. Sullivan County, Delaware County – Lilly@elliot-pomeroy.com McKean Realtors – Farms and Lake Front Homes 845-583-6003 Barbanti Realty- 40 years in business- 845-292 -2800 Rieber Realty, Monticello, NY 845-794-0211. www.RieberRealty.com

WANTED  Looking for a piglet to raise for 4 months for slaughter.

733-4031 or emaill ler384 @hotmail.com  Wanted: Speedex Tractors Parts & Accessories 845-557-8030  Wanted: Llama for pet. Please call 845-4823509  Wanted: Side Delivery Hay Rake in Working Condition. Call Mike 482-3628

ORGANIZATIONS & EVENTS  Garden Lovers – consider joining a garden club. Meets 3rd Tues. of each month. Call 845794-6139  Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto, life, group benefits & health plans – please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794 -5544 ext 2615 for a free no obligation quote.

Earl Kinney

Excavating & Trucking Ready To Meet Your Needs Free Estimates - 40 Years Experience  DRAINAGE  SEPTIC SYSTEMS  FOUNDATIONS  DRIVEWAYS  ROADS  PONDS  LAND CLEARING  GRADING STONE SAND GRAVEL REDSHALE

No Job Too Big or Too Small

887-5540

OFFICE - 46 ROCK AVE., HORTONVILLE EVENINGS - 887-5647

Marilyn about a traveling farm position availa-

Extension Connection

November, 2016

Follow Us! Specializing in Saving Trees Insects Disease Fertilization

Facebook & Twitter @CCESullivan Instagram @CCE_Sullivan_County

Visit Us on the Web SullivanCCE.org

And now Lawn Spraying Trucking & Hauling

Fully Insured Registered NYS Business

(845) 985-3073

(845) 798-0642

Bulldozing

J. HUGHSON EXCAVATING, INC. - CONSTRUCTION -

Foundations — Sand — Gravel—Fill—Topsoil Septic Systems Installed

845-482-9826

PO Box 557 Jeffersonville, NY 12748

Page 28

Extension Connection

November, 2016