August Extension Connection Sullivan County 2016

Volume LXXXXVII, No. 8

Liberty, NY – August, 2016

(USPS) 525 - 100

Llamas and Alpacas Business Planning: Risk Management Don’t Move Firewood On the Lookout for Giant Hogweed Master Forest Owner Volunteer Solicitation Complete Streets: What Are They?

5 Tips to Eat Healthy at Your Local Fair Local News from 4-H Club Secretaries Balance Can Cause Big Problems Over 60 4-H members and volunteers joined staff in preparing the Grahamsville Fairgrounds for the Sullivan County Youth Fair on August 19!

Upcoming Programs “Denim & Diamonds” Afternoon Gala Active Trails Hiking Bus Trips Youth Gardening Workshops Cover Crops & Soil Health Distilling Grains Culinary Tourism Getting into the Food Business Powerful Tools for Caregivers Cornell FREE Online Course on Sharks

See page 1 5 for a complete list.

Recognizing and Responding to Trauma Eating Outdoors: Handling Food Safely

Five youth employees from Sullivan County Workforce Development work at the Extension Education Center learn skills in gardening, budgeting, cooking, first aid, marketing, and more!

Message from the Executive Director

3

In Case You Missed It

14

Llamas & Alpacas

4

Upcoming Programs & Events

15

Business Planning: Risk Management

6

Recognizing and Responding to Effects of Trauma

17

Don’t Move Firewood

7

NYSERDA Offers No-Cost Energy Audits

18

Who Can See Your Credit Report

8

Eating Outdoors: Handling Food Safely

19

On the Lookout for Giant Hogweed

9

CCESC Spotlights

20

Complete Streets: What are They

10

Youth Fair Schedule

22

5 Tips to Eat Healthy at Your Local Fair

11

Recommended Screenings for Women 50+

23

Local News by 4-H Club Secretaries

12

Fun Facts & News to Use

24

Balance Can Cause Big Problems

13

Farmers' Market Schedule

28

Necessary Business The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-.

The Extension Connection

REGULAR OFFICE HOURS

Edited by: Nicole Slevin & Colleen Monaghan Layout & Design by: Tracey Argent Produced at Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County

8:30 am to 4:30 pm | Monday-Friday Phone: 845-292-6180 | Fax: 845-292-4946 Website: www.sullivancce.or g Email: sullivan@cor nell.edu Twitter.com/ccesullivan Facebook.com/ccesullivan Instagram.com/cce_sullivan_county

2016 Board of Directors Donna Willi..……..…...…..………….………..………..President Earl Myers…………..…….………………….........Vice President Pamela Rourke……………………………...…………...Secretary Glenn Pontier…………………………...…….…………Treasurer Dawn Boyes Amy Erlwein Christopher Gozza Sonja Hedlund Robert Kaplan Steve Mogel Edward Moran Klu Padu Luisa Parker Janet Threshman Terri Ward, Legislative Rep. Cooperative Extension in New York State provides Equal Program and Employment Opportunities. New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, New York State College of Human Ecology, and New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension Associations, County Governing Bodies, and the United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating.

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

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Staff Members Colleen Monaghan...…………...…..…………...Executive Director Tracey Argent……………...……Sr. Administrator & HR Manager SueAnn Boyd…………………….…..Healthy Schools Coordinator Wanda Cruz…………………….Healthy Communities Coordinator Erica Dahl……………….....ESNY Community Nutrition Educator Jaycee DeGroat……Healthy Schools & Communities Team Leader Emily Devore..………………....Healthy Communities Coordinator Dayna Gaeta…………..Community Horticulture Program Educator Marylin Jones...………………...…….….4-H Program Coordinator Bonnie Lewis……….……........................Dependent Care Educator Michelle Lipari………………………………....Ag & 4-H Educator Erica Lynch ……….……………………..EaT Kitchen Coordinator Melinda Meddaugh……………..Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Nicole Slevin………………………...…Public Affairs Coordinator Kaitlyn Smith………………...Administrative & Program Assistant Jennifer Simpson………………………….....Ag Business Educator Tara VanHorn...………….…..……………….…..Finance Manager Sean Welsh……...……………….....Energy & Consumer Educator John Wilcox……...……………….....Building & Grounds Manager

Extension Connection

August, 2016

Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director cm638@cornell.edu Wow, I can’t believe August is here already! Last month we gave a midyear update on the work we’ve been doing. I finally had a chance to do the math, and compared to the same period last year (January—June), CCE Sullivan doubled our number of contacts and outreach. The support of our membership and volunteers, the Sullivan County Legislature and Departments of Planning, Public Health, and Youth, and community partners like Sullivan Renaissance is what makes this growth and success possible. Our team is looking forward to finishing the year even stronger, and we are so grateful to have such enthusiastic benefactors!

You can share in celebrating CCESC programs by joining us at this year’s 4-H Youth Fair at the 137th Little World’s Fair in Grahamsville to be held August 19-21. Over three straight days of interactive learning and showcases, we invite you to see more than 400 exhibits and animals that 4-H’ers have been working on all year. Fairgoers can participate in family activities hosted in the Youth Building, see some bunnies, test their luck playing Bessie Bingo, and take part in the annual Pie and Livestock Auctions, both on Sunday.

neering, and math (STEM), and health and wellness related workshops and afterschool opportunities, using a group mentoring approach.

Two of those programs will start in the upcoming school year in partnership with the Monticello Central School District! Research shows that youth who participate in 4-H STEM programs and who have caring, adult mentors in their lives do better in school, are kinder to themselves and each other, and are more prepared to go to work. The 4-H model relies on volunteers to bring our curricula and programs to youth. As always, CCESC is seeking volunteers! If you’re interested in learning how to volunteer for an afterschool 4-H club, please give us a ring at 845-292-6180.

See you at the fair Aug. 19-21

As always, be well, stay cool, and see you at the Fair!

Extension staff and volunteers will be on hand all weekend. Please consider stopping in to chat about what we do.

We’d love the opportunity to tell you about the events and activities we’re busy with, hear about your experiences, and brainstorm ways we can work together to provide Sullivan County’s young people with the opportunities and supports they need to be healthy, contributing adults.

In addition to the community club model, the CCESC 4-H Strategy Subcommittee and staff are working to offer more science, technology, engiAugust, 2016

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Michelle Lipari, Ag & 4-H Educator Species Characteristics Llamas are larger than alpacas, standing 40–45 inches at the withers and five and a half to six feet at the head.

They can weigh between 280 and 450 pounds and the average lifespan is 15 to 30 years. Females usually begin breeding at 15–18 months and males at two and a half years. A llama’s normal gestation is 350 days, giving birth to a single cria (pronounced creeah). Crias are usually born during daylight hours and weigh between 20–35 pounds.

Within an hour post-parturition, the cria is standing and nursing from its dam. Average weaning age is four to six months. Alpacas weigh about 100– 175 pounds and stand about three feet at the withers. Their life span is about 15–25 years. A female alpaca is usually bred at 14–16 months and a male reaches full maturity in two to three years. The average gestation is 335 days and a cria may weigh 15–19 pounds. Alpacas generally have little trouble during parturition and the cria is usually found nursing after the first hour. Twins are rare and there is a low infant mortality rate. Llamas and alpacas share some characteristics. They both communicate through their posture and through ear and tail movements. Aggressive modes of communication are foot stamping, kicking, and spitting. Both have two toes on each foot, with a leathery pad on the bottom.

They are social creatures and do best when pastured together. Both llamas and alpacas are induced ovulators, exhibiting no heat cycle. Ovulation occurs approximately 24–36 hours postbreeding, enabling them to be bred at any time during the year. It is recommended that females not be bred until at least 12 months of age and when they have reached 60% of adult body weight. They should not be bred during the hot summer months in North America when heat stress may be a problem.

South American llamas are bred during Page 4

cooler months for this reason. There are a few differences between llamas and alpacas, including size, ear shape, hair, fleece, and back curvature.

Uses and Economics Some llama and alpaca uses are: packing, guarding, and wool production, the latter two of which predominate in North America. The packing capacity or maximum weight which a llama can bare is 70–120 pounds, and its padded feet make it a good pack animal, leaving the ground virtually unharmed. Llamas may be used in pet therapy programs for nursing homes and schools as these camelids make excellent pets and can be trained to pull a cart. Llamas are also raised for their wool, although it is not as fine as that of the alpacas. Their fiber is oil free and lightweight and may yield up to 93 percent of its original weight when processed.

Llama fiber colors range from white to black, with shades of beige, brown, red, and roan. Its fleece may be spotted, solid, or marked in various patterns. Llamas have been shown to be effective guard animals against coyotes and dogs. It is recommended that the animals used for this purpose be at least 18 months old and in good health.

All males should be gelded (neutered) after two years if they are going to be used as guards. Early gelding may contribute to abnormal skeletal development.

Females with or without crias have also been used successfully. It is desirable for all potential guards to be in good physical condition and conformationally sound.

Passive and timid animals or those that flock near Extension Connection

feeding stations and barns are not considered good choices. Most important, those chosen to guard should not exhibit aggressive behavior towards humans (International Llama Association, 1997). Alpacas are also prized for their wool or fiber, which is noted for its fine and soft touch and strength. It also holds dyes well. It is warmer than sheep’s wool, less likely to produce allergens, and contains less lanolin.

The average adult alpaca produces six to nine pounds of fiber per year, and shearing one animal can produce enough fiber to make four to six sweaters. South American Indians use alpaca dung for fuel and fertilizer. Alpacas can be easily halter trained to lead for the show ring and are docile enough so that children can handle them. They can be used for packing but carry considerably less weight than llamas.

Nutrition In general, camelid nutritional requirements are similar to those of sheep, and sheep data have been used to replace unknown llama requirements. Llama and alpaca nutrition is divided into life stages. Animals over three years of age that are not working or females in the first two trimesters of pregnancy are fed to meet maintenance (maintain body condition and weight) needs only.

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August, 2016

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The growing stage is from birth until three years of age. Feed intake is equivalent to 1.8–2.0% of animal body weight in dry matter, and normal daily water intake is about four liters per hundred pounds of body weight. Recommended maintenance protein levels for llamas and alpacas are 8–10% of the diet dry matter. Periods of pregnancy and lactation require 12–14% protein levels. The growth stage has the highest protein requirement, 13–14%.

Fiber is recommended at 20–30% of the diet dry matter, regardless of stage.

Pasture and hay should comprise the bulk of the diet and fresh water is necessary. Loose salt and minerals are easier for these animals to lick than in block form. On a dry lot, camelids may consume three to five pounds of hay a day. Llama and alpaca requirements are similar, but amounts vary between species due to body weight difference.

Check with your local county extension educator if you have questions.

DHI

Herd Health Routine health practices include annual vaccinations, routine worming, toenail trimming, and shearing. The specific vaccinations that you administer to your herd should be based on the diseases present in your area, as well as those that are effective in other small ruminants, such as sheep or goats.

Presently there are no vaccines specifically approved for llamas. Work with your veterinarian to determine a vaccine protocol specific to your herd and area.

Maintenance Costs These camelids are relatively inexpensive to maintain. Up to four llamas can graze comfortably on one good acre of pasture, and an adult llama on a dry lot will require as much as a bale of hay per week. Yearly maintenance costs (including veterinary expenses) are estimated at $150 to $250 per animal.

A small yard is sufficient for a llama, but exercise room is needed. A three-

MAY

sided shelter that provides a good winter wind break and ample shade in the summer is suggested.

Statistics Nearly all the world’s alpacas reside in Peru, Argentina, and Chile, with the number of llamas and alpacas in South America estimated at about three million of each. Today there are about 125,000 llamas and 27,000 alpacas in the United States (Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association, 1998).

Source: Adapted from Rutgers Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet FS917

Farm to Market Opportunities & Readiness Survey Throughout the United States there are millions of people that eat meals away from home. These meals can be consumed at colleges, hospitals, schools, restaurants, work place cafeterias, and even prisons. These places are becoming more interested than ever to find ways to connect to local farmers for the products they need.

Selling to this type of market is not always easy and you can face many different challenges due to order size, specificity of a product, and food safety requirements.

At Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County we are here to help you overcome these hurdles and provide you with the necessary classes and certifications. If you are interested in expanding your business and would like to have your products used locally please call our office at 845292-6180 and/or complete the survey at the link below to get started.

JUNE

http://bit.ly/2abF48q August, 2016

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Jennifer Simpson, Ag Business Educator Every business has risk associated with it. A farm business has more risk than usual and it is important to know how to manage the risk. How your business is set up, the type of insurance coverage your business has, and the types of activities that are done on the farm all need to be considered. The best approach for your business is dependent on the present and future plans and outlook of your farm business. Having a business plan will allow you to have a clear vision of your long-term goals and where your operation is going.

Although it is not required, it is recommended that you protect your business name by registering it with your county. There is a fee associated with this but it will protect you from others using your name. Some banks may even require it for opening a business checking account or credit card. There are many different ways to structure a business. It is very important to know what these structures are and the legal ramifications behind them. The options can be found at this link: http:// cooperatives.dyson.cornell.edu/pdf/ DoingBusiness.pdf.

Below is a brief description of each structure: 



Sole Proprietorship – The simplest form of organization wherein an individual simply declares to be a business operator. No paperwork is needed to file with government agencies to establish the existence of the business. The proprietor has unlimited liability for the actions and debts of the business.

General Partnership – A partnership agreement between sole proprietors. No paperwork is need to form this business and partners have unlimited liability.



Limited Partnership – Also known as a silent partnership wherein an individual joins a partnership but stays out of the management aspects of the business. For remaining silent in the operation, that partner generally obtains the profits of an owner and does not have the legal liability of a full partner.

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Limited Liability Company (LLC) – A partnership offering the limited liability of a corporation. Paperwork must be filed with the state to establish this form of ownership and management meetings must be held.

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Business C Corporation – The business is operated by a management team that reports to a board of directors. Ownership of the business is in the form of stock and shareholders of that stock have different levels of control over management and the board of directors by the quantity held and class of their stock (e.g., Class A, B, C, preferred, etc.). Shareholders have limited liability in the company.



Business S Corporation – A corporation that is operated like a partnership and offers limited liability to shareholders. Paperwork must be filed with the state to establish this form of ownership and management meetings must be held.

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Cooperative – An organization owned by members who contribute equity toward the business and share in profits generated. This is formed by filing with the state and has similar governance as a C corporation. Voting is either one vote per member or in proportion to patronage of the coopera-

tive. Members have limited liability.

Insurance is available through different brokers and depending on your business there are different policies that you could have. General farm policies will usually cover things like property damage and claims against the farm.

However, there are many policies that you may need but didn’t think about.

Supplemental Comprehensive Coverage and/or Product Liability Insurance If you have the public coming to your farm, you may want to consider increasing your farm’s comprehensive personal liability insurance in case someone gets hurt on your property. If you sell products for human consumption, you run the risk of people getting sick from your products. Make sure your general comprehensive policy covers product risks, or purchase product liability insurance.

Workers’ Compensation Insurance Employers are required to carry workers’ compensation insurance for employees if cash wages exceed $1,200 in the preceding calendar year.

Coverage must be obtained effective April 1 of the year immediately following the year when the farm had $1,200 of payroll. If a farm has one or more unpaid interns or apprentices for the growing season, workers’ compensation insurance must be provided for these workers too. State law also requires that employees be covered by a disability benefit if they are disabled off the job. Most workers’ compensation insurance will also include this.

Family members (spouse or children) and farm laborers are exempt from this requirement if the farm is not incorporated. If the farm is held as a corporation or LLC then the family member (Continued on page 18.)

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August, 2016

Submitted by Melinda Meddaugh, Ag & Food Systems Team Leader There are many invasive insect species in New York that cold kill trees in forested communities. These include emerald ash borer, Asian long-horned beetle, and others. Why is there an emphasis on firewood? Firewood itself isn’t the problem; what is potentially the problem is moving it from one place to another. The bark on firewood can harbor insects and diseases that may be unseen but can kill trees. Many of these pests have been transported via the movement of firewood. Commercial lumber, unlike most firewood, is typically kiln-dried, which kills most pests.

further than 50 miles from the firewood's source. Acceptable firewood heat treatment must raise the core temperature of the firewood to 71 degrees C, or 160 degrees F, and hold it there for at least 75 minutes. Most "kiln-drying" processes that reduce the moisture content to less than 18% achieve this sterilization standard.

For additional information regarding this regulation call this toll-free number: 866-640-0652 or e-mail: firewood@gw.dec.state.ny.us Source: Article provided by the Agroforestry Resource Center of Cornell Cooperative Extension Greene and Columbia Counties

By transporting firewood, you could be spreading diseases and invasive insects that can quickly kill large numbers of trees. Help STOP THE SPREAD and obey the Firewood Regulation: 

It is best to leave all firewood at home - please do not bring it to campgrounds or parks.



Get your firewood at the campground or from a local vendor - ask for a receipt or label that has the firewood's local source.

If you choose to transport firewood within NYS: 

It must have a receipt or label that has the firewood's source and it must remain within 50 miles of that source.



For firewood not purchased (i.e. cut from your own property) you must have a Self-Issued Certificate of Source and it must be sourced within 50 miles of your destination.

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Only firewood labeled as meeting New York's heat treatment standards to kill pests (kiln-dried) may be transported into the state and August, 2016

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Sean Welsh, Energy & Consumer Educator Consumers are entitled to a free credit report from each of the three major credit bureaus, every year. To gain access to your free reports visit www.annualcreditreport.com or call 1-877-322-8228.

Once you receive your report you may find no mistakes and no old information; your report may be in poor shape for reasons linked to financial difficulties. Whether you are experiencing financial hardships or not, there are a limited number of parties who are able to access your information.

Creditors are able to look into your reports as you apply for various types of credit such as a mortgage, credit card, or a car loan. Remember, the lower your score and the higher credit to debt limit ratio, the more likely you are to be offered higher interest rates on loans.

Employers can also look at your report under certain circumstances; however, they must have written authorization from you to do so. Some employers take a look when considering staff for raises, promotions, hiring, and other

employment reasons. More frequently, employers are looking to credit when it comes to employment decisions. Eleven states restrict employer credit checks, but New York is not one of them, unless you are applying for a job in New York City.

Government agencies are also able to access your credit file when you are applying for public assistance. Credit information can give a sense of whether an individual has hidden income or assets that need to be considered.

Insurance companies in many states look at credit scores to decide whether or not to do business with consumers, and what to charge for premiums. Insurance companies may ask reporting bureaus about your medical history and other insurance claims you have filed.

Landlords are also able to look at your credit when they are contemplating renting a facility or living space out. If a landlord turns you down because of bad credit you may be able to explain some of the problems and show a non-

traditional line of credit, like rent receipts from your last home rental.

Make sure when you do check your credit inquires that all the parties inquiring about your credit information are actually allowed to do so. Too many inquires may damage your score, and most inquiries from places you are doing business with will require a written authorization.

For more information on this and other consumer education related topics, contact Sean Welsh at the CCESC office by calling 845-292-6180.

Check page 15 for upcoming consumer and financial education classes.

Sources: Article adapted from Loonin, Deanne NCLC, Guide to Surviving Debt (National Consumer Law Center, 2010) pg 50- 51, and Credit Reporting Basics: How Private is my Credit Report (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, April 2016) retrieved from https://www.privacyrights.org/ how-private-my-credit-report on April 11, 2016

Financial Education Series II Action Toward Independence, 309 E Broadway, Monticello, NY 11:00 am - 1:00 pm

— FREE — Credit - August 30:

Budget - August 29:   

Setting Financial Goals Analyzing spending Determining money “leak” areas

  

Understanding credit Managing debt and repairing credit Improving credit score/ report

Smart strategies for a successful financial future!

Registration is required in advance.

Call 845-292-6180 | E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu | Visit sullivancce.or g Page 8

Extension Connection

August, 2016

Written by Dayna Valenti-Gaeta, Community Horticulture Program Educator Giant hogweed is a biennial or perennial herb in the carrot family (Apiaceae).

It grows along streams and rivers, and in fields, forests, yards, and roadsides.

It prefers open sites with abundant light and moist soil but it can grow in partially shaded habitats, too. It is a federally listed noxious weed. The total plant height can reach 14 feet tall (depending upon growth stage and if mowed or cut). It has huge leaves, up to 5 feet across, that are incised and deeply lobed. The flowers are white and have 50-150 flower rays clustered into an umbrella shaped flower cluster that can be up to 2.5 feet across. Late June to mid-July is when giant hog-

weed will flower, so be on the lookout.

Its sap, in combination with moisture and sunlight, can cause severe skin and eye irritation, painful blistering, permanent scarring, and even blindness. Contact between the skin and the sap of this plant occurs either through brushing against the bristles on the stem, or breaking the stem or leaves. The giant weed is often confused with some common look-a-likes including cow parsnip, wild parsnip, angelica, and poison hemlock.

Conservation (NYSDEC) Giant Hogweed Information Line at 845-2563111 or ghogweed@dec.ny.gov. The line is a place for people to report new sightings, ask questions about the plant and how to control it, and connect with the statewide control project. Note that inquiries will must be accompanied by photos in order for NYSDEC to confirm reported sightings. For more information about giant hogweed, visit the NYS DEC website at www.dec.ny.gov/animals/ Source: http://www.dec.ny.gov/ animals/72766.html Photo: NYSDEC

Please report all hogweed sightings to the NYS Department of Environmental

CCE Master Forest Owner Volunteer Solicitation The 2016 Master Forest Owner (MFO) training will be held from September 7-10 at the Cornell University Arnot Teaching and Research Forest in Van Etten, NY (www.arnotforest.info). The $125 ($200 per couple) fee helps defray the cost of publications, food, and equipment for the four-day training. Volunteers may stay at the Arnot at no additional cost. The training combines classroom and outdoor field experiences on a variety of woodland management and educational topics.

The MFO volunteer program has expanded support to volunteers, improved monitoring of woodland owner needs and requests, and streamlined documentation for impacts. We need your assistance in identifying woodland owners to serve as candidates for the training of new volunteers. Please identify one or two woodland owner s that ar e sincer ely inter ested in sustainable woodland management and who we can train to spread the word about woodland management resources.

MFO volunteers meet with woodland owners to listen to their woodland goals, concerns, and questions. Volunteers then offer sources of assistance and encourage owners to work with professionals. The success of this program is grounded in the power of approximately 150 peer woodland counselors.

Volunteers can be from any background, young or old, resident or absentee, large or small parcels, with varied woodland experiences. Candidates receive a bit of forest management training, but the program is primarily designed to help them develop as volunteers for peer-to-peer counseling to encourage sustainable woodland management. Apply at http://bit.ly/2ahiUiB

Once you’re signed up, let Colleen at CCE Sullivan know so you can be recognized with our local association!

August, 2016

Extension Connection

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Submitted by Jaycee DeGroat, Healthy Schools & Communities Team Leader Complete Streets are streets for everyone. They are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and transit riders of all ages and abilities. Complete Streets make it easy to cross the street, walk to shops, and bicycle to work. They allow buses to run on time and make it safe for people to walk to and from busy access points.

Creating Complete Streets means transportation agencies and towns must change their approach to community roads. By adopting a Complete Streets policy, communities direct their transportation planners and engineers to routinely design and operate the entire right-of-way to enable safe access for all users, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation. This means that every transportation project will make the street network better and safer for drivers, transit users, pedestrians, and bicyclists – making your town a better place to live.

transportation inconvenient, unattractive, and, too often, dangerous. Changing policy to routinely include the needs of people on foot, public transportation, and bicycles would make walking, riding bikes, and riding buses and trains safer and easier. People of all ages and abilities would have more options when traveling to work, to school, to the grocery store, and to visit family. Making these travel choices more convenient, attractive, and safe means people do not need to rely solely on automobiles. They can replace congestion-clogged commutes in their cars with swift bus rides or hearthealthy bicycle trips. Complete Streets improves the efficiency and capacity of existing roads too, by moving people in the same amount of space – just think of all the people who can fit on a bus or streetcar versus the same amount of people each driving their own car. Getting more productivity out of the existing road and public transportation systems is vital to reducing congestion.

So, what does a Complete Street look like? There is no singular design prescription for Complete Streets; each one is unique and responds to its community context. A Complete Street may include: sidewalks, bike lanes (or wide paved shoulders), special bus lanes, comfortable and accessible public transportation stops, frequent and safe crossing opportunities, median islands, accessible pedestrian signals, curb extensions, narrower travel lanes, round-a-bouts, and more. A Complete Street in a rural area will look quite different than one in an urban area, but both are designed to balance safety and convenience for everyone using the road.

Complete Streets are particularly prudent when more communities are tightening their budgets and looking to ensure long-term benefits from investments. An existing transportation budget can incorporate Complete Streets projects with little to no additional funding, accomplished through re-prioritizing projects and moving funds to projects that improve overall mobility. Many of the ways to create more complete roadways are low-cost, fast to implement, and high impact.

Building more sidewalks and striping bike lanes has been shown to create more jobs than traditional car-focused transportation projects.

Policies are needed for Complete Streets. Why? Incomplete streets (i.e., those designed with only cars in mind) limit transportation choices by making walking, bicycling, and taking public

Many states, cities, and towns have adopted bike or pedestrian plans that designate some streets as corridors for increased bicycling and walking. More and more, communities are going be-

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Extension Connection

yond this to ensure that every street project takes all road users into account. So, by now I am sure you are wondering, “How do I get Complete Streets’ policies adopted in my community?” Advocating for Complete Streets means working with your neighbors and local policymakers, including elected officials and government staff. Talk with them about particularly problematic and unsafe streets (e.g., schools that have no sidewalks out front, bus stops that are not accessible for people in wheelchairs, missing crosswalks by the grocery store, and a lack of safe bicycle routes to work). Work together to identify ways to make these places safer and more attractive. Then, present your ideas to others. Make your case and show examples of what your streets could look like. For more information on Complete Streets, call the CCESC office at 845-292-6180 and ask for a Healthy Schools and Communities educator.

Sources: Smart Growth America, Creating Healthy Schools and Communities, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Sullivan County

August, 2016

Submitted by SueAnn Boyd, Healthy Schools Coordinator, CHSC Warm air will soon be filled with the tantalizing scent of fried candy bars, funnel cakes, and candy apples! Local and state fairs may offer thrilling rides and fun games, but perhaps the biggest attraction is the food. For many of us, a trip to the fair isn’t complete without at least one deep-fried treat. Fair food tastes delicious and tends to bring back fond childhood memories. However, it’s important to remember that the calories can add up quickly. Just think: one giant turkey leg comes in at 1,140 calories, a funnel cake at 760 calories, and a fried Snickers bar at 450 calories.

You can see how easy it is consume a day’s worth of calories in a short amount of time. But that’s no reason to skip out on going to the fair; just reason to eat in moderation while you’re there.

Before digging in, here are some tips on how to enjoy the food at the fair without going overboard:

place you see, scope out all of your options. Higher-protein foods like chicken or steak kebobs help keep you fuller longer. A lower-calorie treat is roasted corn on the cob.

1. Stay hydrated: Br ing an empty water bottle that you can fill at a water fountain. Drinking plenty of water not only satisfies your thirst but also fills you up so you’re less likely to make poor food choices.

2. Don’t arrive hungry: Make sur e to eat before you go. The smells of the fair foods cooking can quickly derail any hopes of control.

4. Spilt and share: If ever yone wants an extremely large specialty fair item such as a turkey leg, pull off the skin and share it. It’s simple math: one-fourth of a calorie-dense treat is healthier than the whole.

5. Planning: Having a str ategy in place can help you make healthier choices as you walk the fair midway.

Sources: Wake Forest Medical Center, Michigan State University Extension

3. Seek healthier alternatives: Instead of buying food at the first

Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development Workshops Culinary Tourism September 13 | 10:00 am - 12:00 pm $10/ person; $5/ CCESC enrollee* For budding food entrepreneurs interested in getting involved in the exciting culinary tourism industry as a tour provider or destination. The class, provided by the Mid-Hudson Small Business Development Center, will provide information about current trends in the industry, regulations, insurance requirements, and more.

Getting into the Food Business October 4 | 10:00 am - 12:00 pm $10/ person; $5/ CCESC enrollee* The Mid-Hudson Small Business Development Center will provide a “soup to nuts” over-view of the process of opening a food business, including regulatory issues, start-up con-siderations, financial projections, menu planning, marketing and financing, and more.

Held at the Extension Education Center on 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road in Liberty.

Space is limited. Paid, non-refundable registration is required in advance.

Partial scholarships are available with support from Sullivan Renaissance. *Enroll in CCESC for $25 per household, annually. Donations are appreciated.

August, 2016

Extension Connection

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Compiled by Marylin Jones, 4-H Program Coordinator The 4-H Club Secretary plays an important role in maintaining accurate minutes of meetings, taking role call and recording attendance, and handling and keeping a file of correspondence, reports, and rules made by the club. 4-H Secretaries who submit at least 10 monthly reports to the CCESC 4-H office during the program year will be recognized with “Honor Secretary” status at the 4-H Achievement Day ceremony. Age range for 4-H membership is 5-19 years.

4-H Moo Juicers by Maggie K. April 8 - Club business meeting covered the Memorial Day parade, club trip, Dairy Promotion, animal lease papers, fair registration and Dairy Camp. Guest Speaker was Joe D’Abbraccio, DVM.

May 13 - Discussion at monthly club meeting included 4-H t-shirts, the new entry tags available online for still projects, Public Presentations opportunities at fair, Vet Science classes to be held June 29, July 6, and July 13, the club trip to a registered Jerseys farm in Newark Valley, the deadline for fair animal entries and the Dairy Camp opportunity in Morrisville.

June 10 - The monthly club business meeting included discussion on still exhibits, the new entry tags, recruitment of new still judges and other changes and updates regarding the fair.

Members are reminded to be at Tractor Parade.

4-H Puppy Pals by Caleb E. April 17 - Club officers read reports.

Caleb read a letter from the Tri-Valley Board of Education thanking Patrick K. and Kaylin K. for coming to speak about the Simple Supper. The total amount of money raised at the Simple Supper was $1,615.10 and at the Pampered Chef party we made $479. The end of the year trip will be at Bear Page 12

Mountain State Park. We went to see a wind turbine; Mr. Phil Coombe gave us a tour and explained how it works.

Then, we built wind turbine kits. Animal registrations for fair animal entries are due on June 1, but horse registrations are due earlier.

June 24 - Karen Coombe started by giving congratulations to Kaylin K. for placing on the state level for her presentation. Club officers read reports. We shared a letter from Ms. Edwards from Tri-Valley Teachers’ Association who thanked our club for the Back Pack donation. Ms. Edwards gave out project surveys to ask members what kind of projects they would like to do next year. We voted to form a new position, Historian, who will make and keep a scrapbook of our 4-H club activities. Mr. Coombe prepared packets for the Green Books for each family.

Kenoza Lake Hummingbirds by Emma M. April 12 - We made chocolate chip cookies.

the frozen t-shirt contest! No meetings will be held in June or July. In August we prepare for the County Fair!

Youngville Busy Beavers by Kaydence K. March 20 - At the Easter craft meeting we made a bonnet and we decorated it with eggs, flowers, and butterflies.

March 25 - Our meeting was held at the Youngsville Firehouse. We colored a lot of eggs for community service for the Fire Department’s egg hunt. It was FUN! April 17 - We looked up information and discussed how to make terrariums.

We are going to shop for the stuff we need. Also we planted seeds in pots.

We hope everything will grow!

Don’t forget

to visit the 4-H youth buildings and show rings at the Little World’s Fair in Grahamsville, NY August 19, 20, & 21

April 19 - We made a birthday sponge cake.

April 26 - We baked the Highway Department sugar cookies and chocolate chip cookies.

May 3 - We made flower lollipops for Mother’s Day and also decorated mason jars for vases.

May 10 - The club picked up litter on Callicoon Center Road. Afterwards, we had ice cream sundaes.

May 17 - The club used money we have raised by taking a trip to the Villa Roma Resort for bowling.

May 24 - Our annual end of the year picnic was held with lots of food and games. All the girls look forward to Extension Connection

August, 2016

Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, Dependent Care Educator The troublesome sensations of feeling dizzy or lightheaded is more than annoying; it can be life threatening.

If the feeling happens often, it could be a sign of a balance problem. Balance problems are among the most common reasons that older adults seek help from a doctor. In 2008, an estimated 14.8 percent of American adults (33.4 million) had a balance or dizziness problem during the past year.

Why is Good Balance Important?

Having good balance means being able to control and maintain your body's position, whether you are moving or remaining still. An intact sense of balance helps you:  Walk without staggering  Get up from a chair without falling  Climb stairs without tripping  Bend over without falling The part of the inner ear responsible for balance is the vestibular system, often referred to as the labyrinth. To maintain your body's position, the labyrinth interacts with other systems in the body, such as the eyes, bones, and joints.

Good balance is important to help you get around, stay independent, and carry

out daily activities. As we get older, many people experience problems with their sense of balance. They feel dizzy or unsteady, or as if they or their surroundings are in motion. Disturbances of the inner ear are a common cause.

Balance disorders are one reason that older people fall. Falls and fall-related injuries, such as hip fracture, can have a serious impact on an older person's life.

If you fall, it could limit your activities or make it impossible to live independently. Many people often become more isolated after a fall. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third of adults, ages 65 years and older, fall each year. Among older adults, falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths.

What Can Help?

Here are some changes one can make:  Be physically active.  Have your medicines reviewed.  Limit alcohol use.  Have your blood pressure checked when both lying and standing.  Get a vision check-up. Avoid multifocal glasses when walking.  Choose safe footwear.

Tai chi is one type of exer cise that may help prevent falls by improving balance and control. This exercise uses slow, flowing movements to help people relax and coordinate the mind and body. It can also boost your selfconfidence. Dancing and other rhythmic movements can help as well.

Bonnie Lewis, the CCESC Caregiver Resource Center’s Dependent Care Educator, is an instructor of tai chi, trained by the NYS Department of Health. The program, Tai Chi for Arthritis (to prevent falls), is an eight week program that specifically works on balance. The sessions are held twice a week for one hour, and can be modified to be practiced while in a chair. These are mild, fluid movements that work on improving posture and increasing strength.

Tai Chi classes will start August 2 at 4:00 pm at the Extension Education Center, to be held every Tuesday and Thursday, concluding September 22. A suggested $10 commitment fee is requested and refunded if the participant attends 13 or more of the 16 classes.

Participants are encouraged to register with CCESC (845-292-6180) and note the sessions are closed to new participants after the third session (August 9).

Powerful Tools for Caregivers Workshops Mondays: August 22 & 29, September 12, 19, 26 & October 3 4:30 - 6:30 pm | FREE! Ethelbert B. Crawford Public Library, 479 Broadway, Monticello

A nationally recognized, science-based program for caregivers Bonnie Lewis, RN & Liliam Stettner, CSW present:  Self-care behaviors (exercise, relaxation techniques, medical check ups)  Self-efficacy (increased confidence in coping with caregiving demands)  Management of emotions (reduced guilt, anger, depression)

August, 2016

Extension Connection

Reserve Your Spot!

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu Visit sullivancce.or g Before August 19 Page 13

4-H Junior Award Trip June 29 4-H Junior Award recipients from Achievement Day 2015 were given the opportunity to visit Bethel Woods Center for the Arts and participate in an educational “Explore the 60’s Program”, focusing on the history of civil rights movements of the time, and expressions of those movements in the contemporary art and music of the period. Seven of the twelve award winners were able to take advantage of this program.

Vet Science 3-Part Series June 29, July 6, & 13 Twenty enthusiastic youth attended this three-part series where they learned about animal first aid, rabbit anatomy, and toured the ins and outs of a veterinary practice in Jeffersonville.

Financial Education Series: Budgeting June 30 Nine participants attended this workshop held in Monticello to learn how to put together a household budget and how to analyze and track spending.

Tips on how to be a savvy consumer were also discussed.

Eat Smart New York: Quick Healthy Meals & Snacks July 1 The Eat Smart New York program provided nutrition education and outreach at the Liberty Farmers’ Market for more than 30 shoppers. This outreach as well as food demos by Sullivan County chefs will continue at markets across the county for the duration of the market season!

Monticello Prime Timers July 11 The Caregiver Resource Center met with 74 seniors in Temple Sholom for an overview of the programming provided by the CRC. Many questions relating to Alzheimer’s disease and caregiving were raised during the course of the presentation, and several participants were interested in future classes. Tai Chi for Arthritis was demonstrated and received a great deal of interest.

4-H Horse Program Educational Clinic July 13 Fifteen youth and thirteen adults attended a full day Educational Horse Clinic at Rubin Livestock to learn from L & B Tack about Standardbreds, Terry Finch on Equine Dentistry, Colleen Osterhout on Equine Leg Wraps, and Dr. Joe D’Abbraccio, DVM about Equine Basic First Aid. Participants were able to work hands-on with horses to practice the skills they learned!

Financial Education Series: Managing Credit July 14 Thirteen participants attended this workshop held in Monticello to learn the best practices for rebuilding credit, managing debt, and working on a debt repayment plan.

Intergenerational Textile Group Monthly Meeting July 15 Page 14

The Intergenerational Textile Project Extension Connection offers crochet and knitting project sup-

port and community service opportunities. Meetings are held the third Friday of each month, 6:00-8:00 pm at the Extension building in Liberty. Nine were in attendance for the July 15 meeting.

Dialogue to Change July 16 Extension staff served as volunteers and participants in many aspects of the Dialogue to Change movement, and attended the capstone event at Bethel Woods on July 16. CCESC will continue its support of the grassroots community effort as requested, by providing meeting space, outreach support, and links to Cornell University resources at the Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Human Ecology.

Legal and Financial Planning for Alzheimer’s Disease July 19 CCESC educators, Bonnie Lewis and Sean Welsh, partnered at the Sullivan County Adult Care Center to review basic estate planning issues with the public.

This two-part course was geared for families and individuals in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (but appropriate for all individuals). Ten participants received a large packet of information to refer to as appropriate. Advanced directives (health care proxy, living will), wills, power of attorney, MOLST, Medicare, and Medicaid were primary topics within the two-hour time span.

Avoiding Fraud and ID Theft July 20 Thirty-two participants attended this presentation on how to avoid ID theft, recognize fraudulent solicitation e-mails and mailings, and how to deal with ID theft if it happens.

4-H Fair Work Night July 21 Over 60 adult volunteers, 4-H youth members, and CCESC staff attended to prepare the 4-H Youth Building, animal barns, and show rings for the 4-H August, 2016 Youth Fair to be held August 19 –21.

August, 2016

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No-Till & Cover Crop Workshops Active Trails Hiking Bus Trips Supporting healthy living by getting people out and active in national parks through projects promoting recreation and exercise.

August 28 | Tusten Mtn Trail | CCESC, Liberty - A hike designed for a more experienced group, this 3 mile long trail is moderately difficult and takes two hours to complete.

October 8 | Mongaup River Trail | Gov’t Center, Monticello - During prime leaf-peeping season, this moderately difficult, 2 mile long hike is appropriate for older adults and families, and takes about an hour to complete.

September 1 | Cover Crops & Soil Health | 11:00 am - 1:30 pm CCESC educators will discuss the different cover crop species available, benefits of each, basics of soil health, and tips on equipment used to seed and harvest cover crops. Crop insurance and risk management education will also be provided by the USDA and NYSDAM. Pesticide credits pending.

October 5 | Distilling Grains | 6:00 - 8:30 pm Justin O’Dea of CCE Ulster County will provide information and research on best practices for growing distilling grains, and will share data and conclusions derived from an experiment on growing bar-ley using a no-till seeder, conducted in Sullivan County.

Pesticide credits pending.

Held at Extension Education Center in Liberty. $15 per person, per class | $10 per CCESC enrollee*, per class Paid non-refundable RSVP is required in advance. *Anyone can enroll for $25 per household per year.

Partial scholarships available with support from Sullivan Renaissance.

Participants should board the bus at 10:00 am sharp at location indicated or meet at hike site if registered.

Bus trips are FREE. Registration is required.

In the event of special needs, please contact CCESC at 845-292-6180 or sullivan@cornell.edu.

Call 845-292-6180 E-mail sullivan@cor nell.edu Visit sullivancce.or g

Upcoming Junior Master Gardener Workshops August 24 | The Buzzzzz on Entomology Good bugs, bad bugs…discover both harmful and beneficial insects found in your garden.

September 14 | Grow It... Pick It... Cook It… Eat It! Enjoy “food for thought” on harvesting your own grown food, and reflect on the season.

Individuals: $15 each; $45 for series | Enrollees/ 4-H*: $10 each; $30 for series Held from 6:00-7:30 pm at the Extension Education Center in Liberty.

Space is limited. Paid, non-refundable registration is required in advance.

Partial scholarships are available with support from Sullivan Renaissance.

*CCESC enrollment is $25 per household, annually. 4-H youth membership is free.

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Extension Connection

August, 2016

Submitted by Marylin Jones, 4-H Community Educator “A traumatic event is any incident experienced by the person that is perceived to be traumatic…including terrorist attacks, mass shootings, and severe weather events.” While technology provides positive outcomes in quicker, universal dissemination of upto-date information, it also makes it more challenging for individuals to filter out traumatic events. With 24 hour capability for news coverage in a wide array of media, providing constant updates and graphic photos and videos from the scene, it can be extremely difficult to step away from the experience and continue with our daily lives.

In addition to national events and local disasters, trauma can be a personal experience and 59% of men and women experience at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) in their life; 9% experience five or more ACEs. Such trauma can include witnessing someone being badly injured or killed; experiencing a life threatening accident/assault; or being involved in a fire, flood, or other natural disaster. Nearly half (48%) of young people have encountered at least one of nine types of adverse experiences, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, deprivation, addictions, and exposure to violence. The impact of this trauma can affect a person across many parts of life: health, behavioral health, family, work, school, and more, with associated societal and economic impacts to our communities. 

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Children with histories of traumatic experiences are twice as likely to have chronic health conditions and are 2-1/2 times more likely to have to repeat a grade in school.

Up to 90% of people who receive public mental health care have been exposed to trauma.

August, 2016

choice, and empowerment. Community members can be supportive by remembering ten tips to help someone experiencing trauma:

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Two-thirds of adults in addiction treatment have experienced child abuse and neglect.  70% of teens in addiction treatment have history of trauma experience.  The cost of untreated traumarelated alcohol and drug abuse was $161 billion in 2000 alone.

The good news is that trauma is treatable. There are evidence –based models and promising practices designed for specific populations, types of trauma, and behavioral health manifestations.

The first step in helping someone experiencing trauma is to recognize some of the signs: 1. Shock, denial, or disbelief 2. Anger, irritability, or mood swings 3. Sadness or hopelessness 4. Confusion or difficulty concentrating 5. Anxiety or fear 6. Withdrawal from others 7. Trouble sleeping or nightmares 8. Easily startled 9. Fatigue 10. Racing heart, aches and pains, or muscle tension

The five principles of trauma-informed care are safety, trust, collaboration, Extension Connection

1. Learn about local resources in your community.

2. Ask how you can best help.

3. Talk with the person as an equal.

4. Offer support in whatever form seems right, including small things like a hug or having coffee together.

5. Know that behaviors like withdrawal, irritability, and bad temper may be a response to trauma. Remain friendly.

6. Encourage the person to talk about their reactions if they feel ready and want to do so.

7. Don’t interrupt to share your own feelings, experiences, or opinions.

8. Don’t trivialize the person’s feelings or minimize his or her experience.

9. If the person wants help, offer your support and connect them with local resources or services.

10. If at any time the person becomes suicidal or begins abusing drugs or alcohol, seek professional help.

Addressing trauma is now the expectation, not the exception in behavioral health systems and health organizations are working to increase awareness and readiness in adopting the key components of trauma-informed care.

More information for this topic can be found in the sources at National Council for Behavioral Health (www.thenationalcouncil.org) and Mental Health First Aid (www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org).

Page 17

Submitted by Melinda Meddaugh, Ag & Food Systems Team Leader NYSERDA launched the Agriculture Energy Audit Program in March 2016. The program offers farms and on-farm producers no-cost energy audits that provide recommendations for energy efficiency measures. The program also offers assistance identifying and accessing funding to implement the measures identified in the audits. Three levels of audits are offered: Level 1: This walk-through energy audit provides a summary letter with limited evaluation of feasible energy efficiency measures. This level is ideal for smaller operations with minimal energy use, or for quick assessments.

Level 2: This detailed ener gy audit analyzes the far m’s previous year’s utility bills, along with equipment specifications and run-time information for that equipment. This information will then be used to help calculate estimated energy savings for energy efficiency upgrades on the farm. The comprehensive report will provide a list of recommended measures with associated energy and cost savings and measure payback. This audit meets ANSI/ASABE 612 standards.

This level is the most common and the best option for most farms.

Level 3: This ener gy audit is focused on a specific system, energy efficiency measure, or renewable energy. This report is ideal for operations with a complex system to be analyzed beyond standard energy efficiency upgrades, or if the farm is interested in renewable energy.

Once the audit report has been completed, NYSERDA’s program implementer, EnSave, will assist each farm in identifying the most appropriate measures to implement and programs to pursue for implementation funding. There are several options available, including programs through utilities and the federal government.

Funding for audits is available on a first-come, first-served basis. Call 800-732-1399 or e-mail aeep@nyserda.ny.gov to discuss program options and obtain an application.

Source: Agriculture Energy Audit Program

(Continued from page 6.) exemption does not apply because no one is related to a business entity.

Health Insurance Farm employers are not required to carry health insurance for their employees if they have 50 or fewer employees. However, health insurance for farmers and farm families who do not have off-farm jobs can be very costly. Farming is a high-risk occupation and families put themselves at risk when they do not carry or cannot afford health insurance coverage. Always shop around to find a program that meets your coverage needs and provides the protection you desire. NY farm families can call 1-855-355-5777 to speak to a free health insurance navigator to help identify the best plans for their families.

Crop Insurance Crop insurance is available for specific crops to protect against weather-related and other common causes of loss. Federally subsidized policies are created by the USDA Risk Management Agency, but purchased from a crop insurance company. Policy information is at: www.rma.usda.gov. Federal disaster programs also protect against significant crop losses, if beginning farmers sign up annually by the applicable deadline. Disaster programs are administered by county USDA Farm Service Agencies, listed on each State’s FSA website. www.fsa.usda.gov.

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Extension Connection

August, 2016

Submitted by Erica Lynch, EaT Kitchen Coordinator Pack and Transport Food Safely

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Keep cold food cold. Place cold food in a cooler with ice or frozen gel packs. Keep stored at 40 degrees or below to prevent bacterial growth.

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Organize cooler contents. Consider packing beverages in one cooler and perishable items in another – the beverage cooler is likely to be opened more frequently, and this way the perishables will not be exposed as often to warm air.

held or touched raw meat, poultry or seafood can spread bacterial to other cooked foods. Have a clean platter and utensils ready, grill-side for serving the food.

Safely Serving Food Food that is left in the “Danger Zone” (between 40 and 140 degrees F) for more than two hours can become a food safety danger due to the potential growth of bacteria.

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 Keep coolers closed. Limiting the number of times the cooler lid is opened will keep foods colder. 

Don’t cross-contaminate. Be sure to keep raw meat, poultry, and seafood securely wrapped to keep their juices from contaminating other foods.

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Clean your produce. Rinse fresh fruits and vegetables under running tap water before packing in the cooler.

Safe Grilling Tips

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Marinate safely. Marinate food in the refrigerator, not on the counter or outdoors. If you plan to use some of the marinade as a sauce, set a portion aside before adding the raw meat.

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Cook immediately after partial cooking. If you partially cook food in order to reduce grilling time, do so immediately before food goes on the grill.

 Cook food thoroughly. Have your food thermometer ready and know the safe food temperatures (see third column). 

Keep ready food hot. Keep food that is done hot by moving it to the side of the grill rack, away from the coals.

This will keep it hot but prevent overcooking.

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Don’t reuse platters or utensils.

Any plate or cooking utensil that has August, 2016

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Keep cold food cold. Cold perishable food items should be kept at or below 40 degrees F. One you’ve served it, don’t let it sit out. Foods like chicken salad in a container can be placed in a pan filled with ice – just be sure to drain water and replace ice frequently.

Keep hot foods hot. Hot food items should be kept at or above 140 degrees F. Wrap hot foods in an insulated container until serving, and do not let sit out for more than two hours.

Foodborne Illness Foodborne illness is defined as disease carried or transmitted to people by food. Certain bacteria present in food can cause people to become ill. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 76 million cases of foodborne illness occur each year in the United States. The majority of cases are mild and cause symptoms for only a day or two, but sometimes cases can be severe.

How Food Becomes Unsafe  Purchasing food from unsafe sources  Failing to cook food adequately  Holding food at improper temperatures  Using contaminated equipment  Poor personal hygiene

Extension Connection

The best way to avoid foodborne illness is to practice safe food handling.

Be sure to always follow these four guidelines: 1. Clean: Wash hands and cleaning surfaces.

2. Separate: Don’t cross-contaminate.

Keep raw meat and poultry separate from cooked foods.

3. Cook: Cook foods to the proper temperatures. Use a food thermometer to check temperatures.

4. Chill: Refrigerate or freeze foods promptly.

USDA Recommended Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures Steaks: 145° Roasts: 145° Fish: 145° Pork: 160° Ground beef: 160° Egg dishes: 160° Chicken breast: 165° Whole poultry: 165° Food Safety Resources: www.fightbac.org This website of the Partnership for Food Safety Education (PFSE) is a consumer food safety resource. www.foodsafety.gov This feder al r esource for food safety also includes updates on food recalls and alerts.

Source: Article adapted from the FDA Food Facts

Page 19

Partner Spotlight - L & B Tack, Monticello Liz Stubits and Barb Merton of L & B Tack are based at the Monticello Raceway and are local experts in Harness Racing and care of Standardbred horses. The sisters, along with their assistants, Jeff and Liz, and equine dentist Terry Finch, volunteer their time to teach young people and communities about the Standardbred breed and how to best care for them.

In fact, L & B Tack spent a half-day with the Sullivan County 4-H Horse Program in July doing just that at Rubin Livestock, also in Monticello. Introducing the group to two retired Standardbreds, Liz and Barb demonstrated and let us try out how to adorn the horses with dozens of pieces of equipment that ensure racing horses are prepared and safe to run the track, rest afterwards, and stay healthy and safe between working.

All the partners at the clinic, including L & B, offered their expertise and time at no charge.

CCESC is so very grateful for their enthusiasm and willingness to collaborate to provide the most up-to-date, practical information on horse breeding, care, and commitment and for allowing our 4-H’ers to practice hands-on with their animals and equipment.

Many thanks to L & B Tack!

Volunteer Spotlight - Marcie Ehrman

Farm Spotlight - Buck Brook Alpacas

Marcie Ehrman is an advocate for people with disabilities and an avid horse enthusiast and volunteer. She has earned numerous therapeutic riding credentials, published many articles, and served on a number of committees in the field. As a member of the 4-H Horse Task Force, Marcie provided riding evaluations for 4-H youth to prepare them for participation in this year’s local and New York State fairs. Beyond a basic riding evaluation, Marcie takes great care with each youth to provide positive reinforcement and constructive feedback so they can work towards continuous awareness and improvement of their riding skills and abilities.

When driving to Buck Brook Alpacas Farm, you think you are in the middle of nowhere. But once you turn down their driveway, a beautiful farm emerges. Established in 2013, this alpaca fiber farm hosts about 100 alpacas, several barns, and a fiber shop for agri-tourism. In addition to breeding and boarding the alpaca, the McElroy family travels around the country to alpaca shows and performance competitions.

In addition, Marcie recently brought sensitivity training to CCESC staff through her work with Independent Living, Inc. She and her colleague asked staff to think critically about their assumptions and considerations of differently abled individuals and gave them tools to make sure that all Extension guests are greeted with a safe, welcoming, and engaging community space. Thank you, Marcie for working with us!

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Extension Connection

August, 2016

4-H Member Spotlight - Allison K. Crafty Chameleons Club member, Allison K., may be softspoken in nature but when it comes to her project work in Communications and Expressive Arts, she is outstanding!

For several years in a row she has been nominated to advance to District Public Presentations.

With her club she has presented at annual 4-H International Night events and in interactive community service opportunities. She has served as a Teen Leader for 4-H Winter Workshops, always providing patient assistance to young participants in the instruction of “make -and-takes” at the perennially popular and busy event.

2016 Marks Allison’s 13th year of 4-H membership. Each year, she has successfully met, without fail, all the requirements for a Certificate of Achievement, including Public Presentations, exhibition in the Sullivan County Youth Fair, and annual submission of 4-H Records for evaluation. With her club she has pursued a variety of project opportunities, particularly crafts, visual and fine arts, sewing and textiles, horticulture, and community service, with a number of her project exhibits advancing from the Sullivan County Youth Fair to the NYS Fair in Syracuse. Allison’s positive attitude, consistency in involvement, and outstanding efforts earned her the opportunity in 2015 to represent the Sullivan County 4-H Program as a delegate at NYS Capital Days to meet with our Assembly and Senate representatives in Albany.

A recent graduate of Monticello High School, Allison will be building upon her long-time interests in music, dance, and theater when she begins college next fall with a goal to study music therapy. CCESC is proud of Allison!

August, 2016

Extension Connection

Page 21

DAILY – August 19-21 5:00 am

Morning Milking Begins – Livestock Building

8:30 am

All Stalls and Cages Must Be Cleaned

9:00 am

Livestock Barn & Youth Building Open to Public

5:00 pm

Evening Milking Begins – Livestock

Building 9:00 pm

Youth Building Closes

10:30 pm

Lights out in Livestock Barn

11:00 pm

Youth Curfew FRIDAY – August 19

ALL DAY:

Family Activities in the Youth Building

9:00 am

Open Horse Show – Lower Show Ring

10:30 am

4-H Public Presentations: Main Stage (Tentative)

1:00 pm

4-H Poultry & Egg Judging – Livestock Building

2:00 pm

4-H Cloverbud – Tell Me About It! – Livestock Building

3:00 pm

4-H Sheep Show – Upper Show Ring

4:00 pm

4-H Goat Show – Upper Show Ring

5:00 pm

Alpaca Agility Show – 4-H Animal Science Club – Upper Show Ring SATURDAY – August 20

ALL DAY:

Family Activities in the Youth Building

10:00 am

4-H Dairy Show – Upper Show Ring

4:00 pm

Bessie Bingo – Upper Show Ring SUNDAY – August 21

Page 22

ALL DAY:

Family Activities in the Youth Building

9:30 am

Beef Show – Upper Show Ring

12:00 pm

4-H Pie Auction- Main Stage

2:00 pm

4-H Livestock Auction – Upper Ring

3:00 pm

Still Exhibits Released

3:30 pm

Small Animals Released (Rabbit, Poultry)

4:00 pm

All Livestock Exhibits Released

Extension Connection

August, 2016

Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, Dependent Care Educator  BRCA 1 and 2 Genes: If you have

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a family member with breast, ovarian, or peritoneal cancer, talk with your doctor or nurse about your family history. Women with a strong family history of certain cancers may benefit from genetic counseling and BRCA genetic testing.

Breast Cancer: Talk with your health care team about whether you need a mammogram.

Cervical Cancer: Get a Pap smear every 3 years or get a combination Pap smear and human papilloma virus (HPV) test every five years until age 65. If you are older than 65 or have had a hysterectomy, talk with your doctor or nurse about whether you still need to be screened.

Colon Cancer: Between the ages of 50 and 75, get a screening test for colorectal cancer. Several tests (e.g., a stool test or a colonoscopy) can detect this cancer. Your health care team can help you decide which is best for you. If you are between the ages of 76 and 85, talk with your doctor or nurse about whether you should continue to be screened.

Depression: Your emotional health is as important as your physical health. Talk to your health care team about being screened for depression, especially if during the last two weeks: you have felt down, sad, or hopeless, or if you have felt little interest or pleasure in doing things.

Diabetes: Ask your doctor if you should be screened for diabetes.

Diabetes can cause problems with your heart, brain, eyes, feet, kidneys, nerves, and other body parts.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Get screened one time for HCV infection if you were born between 1945 and 1965, you have ever injected drugs, or you received a blood transfusion August, 2016

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before 1992. If you currently are an injection drug user, you should be screened regularly.

High Blood Cholesterol: Have your blood cholesterol checked regularly with a blood test if you use tobacco, you are overweight or obese, you have a personal history of heart disease or blocked arteries, a male relative in your family had a heart attack before age 50 (or a female relative before age 60), you have diabetes, or you have high blood pressure. High blood cholesterol increases your chance of heart disease, stroke, and poor circulation.

High Blood Pressure: Have your blood pressure checked at least every two years. High blood pressure can cause strokes, heart attacks, kidney and eye problems, and heart failure.

HIV: If you ar e 65 or younger , get screened for HIV. If you are older than 65, talk to your doctor or nurse about whether you should be screened.

Lung Cancer: Talk to your doctor or nurse about getting screened for lung cancer if you are between the ages of 55 and 80, have a 30 packyear smoking history*, and smoke now or have quit within the past 15 years. (*Your pack-year history is the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day times the number of years you have smoked.) Know that quitting smoking is the best thing you can do for your health.

Osteoporosis (Bone Thinning): Have a screening test at age 65 to make sure your bones are strong.

The most common test is a DEXA scan (a low-dose x-ray of the spine and hip). If you are younger than 65 and at high risk for bone fractures, you should also be screened. Talk with your health care team about your risk for bone fractures.

Extension Connection

 Overweight and Obesity: The best

way to learn if you are overweight or obese is to find your body mass index (BMI). You can find your BMI by entering your height and weight into a BMI calculator, such as the one available at http:// www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm. A BMI between 18.5 and 25 indicates a normal weight. Persons with a BMI of 30 or higher may be obese. If you are obese, talk to your doctor or nurse about getting intensive counseling and help with changing your behaviors to lose weight. Overweight and obesity can lead to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.  Sexually Transmitted Infections: Talk to your doctor or nurse about whether you should be screened for sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.  Vision Disorders: If you ar e age 60 or older, you should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year. If you are at increased risk for or have any age-related eye disease, you may need to see your eye care professional more often.  Other Tests to Ask About: You know your body better than anyone else. Always tell your doctor or nurse about any changes in your health. Ask them about being checked for any condition you are concerned about, not just the ones listed here. If you are wondering about Alzheimer's disease, skin cancer, or hearing loss, for example, ask about them.

Source: Women Stay Healthy at 50+, developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.http:// nihseniorhealth.gov/ ealthscreeningsandimmunizations/ recommendedscreeningsforwomen50/01.html Page 23

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library offers 170,000 sounds and videos of wildlife for the public to explore at MacaulayLibrary.org

Honeybees pollinate About 80% of all fruit, vegetable and seed crops in the U.S

“When tillage begins, other arts follow.

The farmers, therefore, are the founders of human civilization.”

– Daniel Webster

Woodchuck incisors grow about a sixteenth of an inch each week

On August 2, 1909, the Lincoln penny was issued.

NY State Fair Syracuse, NY August 25 - September 5 For a complete list of events visit: http://nysfair.ny.gov/

A thunderstorm is classified as “severe” when it contains one or more of the following: hail one inch or greater, winds gusting in excess of 57.5 mph, or a tornado.

Blueberries 1 cup 85 Calories 4 grams Fiber 24% of your daily recommended Vitamin C

Land used for growing corn in 2016 is the third-highest since 1944.

94.1 million acres of corn have been planted across the country.

-USDA

August is National:

Peach Month Children's Vision Month National Breastfeeding Month American Indian Heritage Month National Goat Cheese Month Mutt-i-grees Rescue Month Water Quality Month National Golf Month Rye Month

Farmers’ Market Survey TAKE A SHORT SURVEY TO HELP LOCAL MARKETS You can remain 100% anonymous – We’d love your honest feedback. Visit www.sullivancce.org and click on the sur vey that descr ibes you best.

40th Annual Dairy Day New York State Fair Grounds Syracuse, NY August 29th ~ 9 am

Highlights include: Processing and Manufacturing Industry Award, Big Cheese Auction, Celebrity Milk Shake Contest, Dairy Parade, and demonstrations such as cheese carving by Sarah “The Cheese Lady” Kaufmann. The Dairy Building will hold concessions like the Milk Bar, NY State Cheese Booth, YO2GO yogurt, and other displays such as the butter sculpture.

For more information, visit: http://nysfair.ny.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2015/08/2016-Dairy-DayFlier.pdf Page 24

Extension Connection

August, 2016

Charles Keating Cell: 570-430-1045 Fax: 570-689-2688

Member Exchange ANIMALS & SUPPLIES

 Cattle Feed Bran $160 ton delivered call 845

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292-9224 for information Ewes, lambs for sale. Il de Franc x Dorset crosses. Easy keepers. All twins, some blacks.

Triplet 2 year old ram. Freezer lambs. La Mancha doe and female twins. Apple Pond Farm 845 482 4764 Rabbits for all Reasons and Chicks to Hens of Many Breeds. Member of A.R.B.A. for 37 years. 845-888-0274 Oak Ridge Farm – Horses Boarded, Large Indoor arena, excellent quality hay grown on farm, lessons available 845-482-4686 Lashside Farm. Full board or turnout. 845-292 -3765 Retired Horse Boarding on 45 acre farm. Your horse will be well taken care of on our peaceful farm. 845-482-4779 Lambs, Baby Goats and Hay 845-434-7764 Registered Polled Hereford Bulls for Sale.

Bred cows. Call Stone Ridge Farm 845-4394359 Trout for sale. 6"-8" Brook Trout. Delivered or picked up. Call Beaverkill Trout Hatchery for details. 845-439-4947 Bring us your retiring horse or those in need of rest. We will provide personalized care on our 50 acre farm at reasonable cost. Heaven’s Gait Farm 1-516-721-9173.

For Sale: Miniature Donkey Jacks. 845-4824061 Goats for sale. 845-252-7434

AUTOS & OTHER VEHICLES

 4 person peddle boat, Large, Mint heavy duty ~ 2003 Arctic Cat pantera, 2 up(seater) 2000 miles, mint condition snowmobile ~ Artic cat 370cc snowmobile 1000 miles. Mint condition Call for prices Pete (845-557-8678) petetraina4u@yahoo.com

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EQUIPMENT FOR SALE  Buhler Grain 180 Roller Mill PTO Drive Auger



Discharge new $4000. 8”x24’ Auger Electric Motor & Hopper Never Used $1000 call 845292-6960.  16 x7 dual axle Cargo Mate Trailer for $2,500, call Denise at 845-807-7540  5 Power Angle Plow for 1980’s CJ Jeep all controls work $450 845-985-7052  John Deere 3010, Diesel, WFE, Dual Hyd. Outlets, Rops. Asking $6,000. 845-551-1649

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MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE  Need great bags & purses? Contact Tanya@

HAY FOR SALE  For Sale: 4X4 Round Bales $15.00 ea. 845-

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August, 2016

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ea. Dorm size fridge $10 292-5098 Narrowsburg Yarn for sale. Alpaca 2 ply& core yarn 516941-7207 2 slots machines, mint working condition.

Lights and sound with tokens ~ Antique Mantle clocks (mint) Many other items Pete 845-5578678 petetraina4u@yahoo.com 1983 Glassport 19' 7'' inboard/outboard, 350 Chevy and 20' dual axle trailer. Needs work.

Make offer. 203 740 0167 Hot water radiators 25.5" x 15.5" to 47" [10 total] and 19" x 36.5" and 39" BO 203-7400167 Men’s size 8 chest high fishing waders with felt soles. Worn once paid $200 asking $85.

914-237-2329.

5 foot 3 pt. hitch Woods Finish Moore RM59.

Asking $500. 434-6850

Initials,inc.www.myinitials-inc.com/ tanyahuggler ; tanyasinitialsinc@gmail.com ; (845)807-7502 ; Initials,inc. Creative Partner.

Little Bear of Aspen Snow Shoes—2 pr. $45 973-890-1747 Leave message 300 gal gas tank with hand pump on skids $300.00 845-647-8506 Casio- multi function display electric keyboard with stand. 845-887-5288 Lawn Stork-A sign you rent out when someone is having a baby. Start your own business $200.00 OBO 845-557-6090 Maytag 16 cu freezer 2 yrs old $200; Full Size Microwave $25; 2 two drawer file cabinets $10

Extension Connection

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482-4061

 HAY – Square Bales - Local Delivery available 845-887-4582

 Hay 1st, 2nd, 3rd square, round and wrapped.

Protein – 19.1 – 22.6 composted. Topsoil, sand, gravel and cattle. 845-985-7866  Hay square bales 845-807-2532  Round Hay Bales for sale – 583-6024

(Continued on page 26.)

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Member Exchange (Continued from page 25.)

FARMERS’ MARKET CORNER

 Mountain Side Farm 100% Grass Fed Beef &   

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Pure NY Maple Syrup 845-742-6281, 845-7334809 Wacky Weeds Produce Natural Grown Certified Wholesale Farmer 845-693-1153 Muthig Farm - Maple Syrup, Maple Cream, Maple Jelly, Maple Sugar. Tours in March by apt. 845 -292-7838 Justus Asthalter Maple Syrup Inc. – New & used maple equipment & supplies for all size maple producers. Syrup, Cream, Candies, we ship anywhere. Sugar Hill Containers and Leader glass in stock. Call us at 845-292-8569 or email family@justusmaple.com/ www.justusmaple.com CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HONEY Pollen, propolis, Royal Jelly, bee supplies & equipment.

Hives supers frames from our shop. Save $$ Jim Kile 845-647-6759 Farm fresh real food prepared and delivered weekly. Naturalcontents.com 888-551-8625 Wahldairyfarm.com Home grown Pork, Beef and Eggs. Guinea Fowl – 845-887-5737 Asian Specialty Vegetables. Charlie Koh. Seon Organic Farm 631-599-0072 Nutritious and Delicious Home Made Soups and Breads delivered to your door.

Woodridgesoupemporium.com Organic Garlic for sale; reasonable prices. Call John 845-292-1195 "Dogs Luv'em" all natural Murray's chicken dog treats. 845-283-1128 Story’s Neversink Plant Co.-Rare succulents and interesting plants. By app’t. Only. John W. Story, Proprietor 845-985-5071 Korwan's Nursery Rhododendrons, perennials, trees, shrubs, and woodcarving. Landscaping 845-482-3345 Beaverkill Trout Hatchery- top quality trout, brook, brown & rainbow for sale. Trout preserve open Apr.1- Labor Day- 845-439-4947 email: troutlady61@yahoo.com THEODORA ORGANIC FARM Email: Theodoraorganicfarm@gmail.com- 646-710-0505 “No Farms, No Food” On farm vegetable and fruit stand open Saturday 10-2. River Brook Farm, Cochecton, NY 845-932-7952 Fertrell organic fertilizers, soil amendments and complete soil testing with recommendations available. Baron Organics, Products & Support, Jeffersonville, NY 12748. 845-482-3902 BK Logging Firewood for Sale—Standing Timber Wanted hard & soft wood 845-292-4942

FOR BETTER BUSINESS  Steven N. Mogel Attorney At Law 457 Broadway, STE 16A Monticello, NY 12701 www.sullivancountylawyers.com 845-791-4303

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 Klein's Tax Service. 25+ Years Experience.   

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(845) 292-9225 Free photographic app’ts by appointment 845434-3147 Liz Lawrence I. Oestrich- Licensed land Surveyor, Estimates, Boundaries, and Subdivisions. 845791-4541 Licensed Security Guards & Any size property patrol. Alarm & camera installation with central station. Since 1980” When you are away your neighbors will play” Reasonable rates. 845-557 -8678. petetraina4u@yahoo.com Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto and life, group benefits and health plans-please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794-5544 ext 2615 for free no obligation quote.

Muthig & Sons - Landscaping - Logging Decks - Roofs - Firewood (845) 807-1711 Clown for all occasions, info @ www.misssunshinetheclown.com for all your party entertainment. 845-807-6222 Wurtsboro Veterinary Clinic- 163 Sullivan St. Box 190, Wurtsboro, NY 12790 845-888-4884 Dr. Linda Tintle, Dr. Dean Tinter, Dr. Nancy Odell, Dr. Joe D’Abbraccio Norbert’s Clock Repair. Antique specialist. Fair Price. For estimate/pickup 845-887-5831 Old interesting barn finds? Call for free appraisal 482-4901 Hartley Consulting, INC. Strategic Development for Non Profits. www.hartleyconsulting.com Duke Pottery. www.dukepottery.com Pottery Studio, Art Gallery, Gift Shop. Open Year Round, Fri, Sat, Sun 11:00-5:00 or by chance.

855 Co. Rd. 93, Roscoe, NY O&L Digital Photo- Weddings, Sweet 16, Birthdays, Baptisms and special events. Album packages & DVD video. 845-932-5020 or 917693-9891 www.dbase.com or olima@msn.com

FURNITURE & HANDMADE ITEMS  Visit Charlie Barbuti Furniture Mall for all your furniture and mattress needs. 292-4826 www.barbutifurniture@verizon.net  Majek Furniture- Full Line Furniture and Mattress showroom; www.Majekfurniture.com

FOR A BETTER YOU

 Strumpflers Mt View Cottages 845-252-7494  Jin Shin Jyutsu, Near Grahamsville. Energetic, Harmonizing 647-6572

 Yoga classes near Neversink Dam. Gentle stretches for seniors and beginners. Schedule Mon, Wed, Sat a.m. Thurs. p.m. I free introductory class. Yoga improves flexibility & health.

Reiki sessions by appt. Relieve stress & pain.

Call Joy 845-292-7870

HELP WANTED  Looking to work on a farm this summer? Call

ble. Must have transportation to Swan Lake.

845-701-2572.

REAL ESTATE – AGENCIES, PROPERTIES, & RENTALS

 Strumpflers Boarding House- 845-252-6675  Catskill Brokers, Inc. Real Estate Services.

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  

Cynthia L. Johnson, Broker. Woodbourne, NY 845-434-7860- email: catskillbrokers@hvc.rr.com For all your real estate needs come for a visit and stay for a lifetime. “Trout Town USA” Roscoe, NY. Sullivan County, Delaware County – Lilly@elliot-pomeroy.com McKean Realtors – Farms and Lake Front Homes 845-583-6003 Barbanti Realty- 40 years in business- 845-292 -2800 Rieber Realty, Monticello, NY 845-794-0211. www.RieberRealty.com

WANTED  Looking for a piglet to raise for 4 months for slaughter.

733-4031 or emaill ler384 @hotmail.com  Wanted: Speedex Tractors Parts & Accessories 845-557-8030  Wanted: Llama for pet. Please call 845-4823509  Wanted: Side Delivery Hay Rake in Working Condition. Call Mike 482-3628

ORGANIZATIONS & EVENTS  Garden Lovers – consider joining a garden club. Meets 3rd Tues. of each month. Call 845794-6139  Marshall & Sterling provides a full line of property & casualty insurance, personal insurance for home, auto, life, group benefits & health plans – please call Brian Seigerman at 845-794 -5544 ext 2615 for a free no obligation quote.

Earl Kinney

Excavating & Trucking Ready To Meet Your Needs Free Estimates - 40 Years Experience  DRAINAGE  SEPTIC SYSTEMS  FOUNDATIONS  DRIVEWAYS  ROADS  PONDS  LAND CLEARING  GRADING STONE SAND GRAVEL REDSHALE

No Job Too Big or Too Small

887-5540

OFFICE - 46 ROCK AVE., HORTONVILLE EVENINGS - 887-5647

Marilyn about a traveling farm position availa-

Extension Connection

August, 2016

Follow Us! Facebook & Twitter @CCESullivan Instagram @CCE_Sullivan_County

Visit Us On the Web SullivanCCE.org

Trucking & Hauling

Specializing in Saving Trees Insects Disease Fertilization And now Lawn Spraying

Fully Insured (845) 985-3073

Registered NYS Business

(845) 798-0642

Bulldozing

J. HUGHSON EXCAVATING, INC. - CONSTRUCTION -

Foundations — Sand — Gravel—Fill—Topsoil Septic Systems Installed

845-482-9826

PO Box 557 Jeffersonville, NY 12748

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Extension Connection

August, 2016