August Extension Connection Sullivan County 2017

USPS-525-100

Extension Connection

YOUR LINK TO LOCAL, RESEARCH-BASED SOLUTIONS TO BETTER YOUR LIFE

VOLUME LXXXXVIII NO. 8

AUGUST 2017

The 6th Annual Caregiver Wellness Retreat at Frost Valley YMCA brought in over 60 seniors and 20 youth and volunteers for a free day of relaxation and fun.

Upcoming U pcoming Events Events & Programs Programs No-Cook Summer Meal Prep with Natural Contents Sullivan County 4-H Youth Fair Junior Gardeners: Entomology Write a Business Plan Class Powerful Tools for Caregivers Cornell Country BBQ & Live Auction Junior Gardeners: Cook the Harvest

Issue Issue Highlights Hiigh ghliigh ghts Different Business Structures Hot Hay Alert Scouting for Disease Lily Leaf Beetle IPM Blueberries: Good for Blood Pressure & Brain Alzheimer’s Hallucinations Monthly DHI Report

Junior Gardeners: Pumpkin Party!

Community Guest Editorial: Amanda Langseder, CRMC

Quick Guide to QuickBooks

CCE Sullivan Spotlights

See page 12 for more events!

See page 14 for a spread on the State of Youth Health!

Welcome W elcome to to the the Issue!

Issue!

Table Table of of Contents Contents

Page 3 Letter from the Executive Director

Page 10 It’s Fair Time!

Page 20 CCESC Spotlights

Page 11 Youth Fair Aug. 18-20

Page 22 Opportunities for You

Page 4 Different Types of Business Structures

Page 12 Upcoming Programs

Page 24 Sponsorships

Page 5 Wet Hay Alert!

Page 13 Farmers’ Market Clean Eating: No-Cook Summer Meals

Page 6 Scouting for Vegetable Disease on Your Farm

Page 14 The State of Youth Health

Page 26 Alzheimer’s Hallucinations, Paranoia, & Delusions

Page 7 Lily Leaf Beetle IPM Page 8 Staying Safe Online Page 9 Blueberries: Good for Blood Pressure & Brain

Page 16 In Case You Missed It Page 17 Monthly DHI Report Page 18 Community Guest Editorial of the Month

Page 27 Cornell Country BBQ Sept. 16 - Back to Our Roots!

Page 28 Powerful Tools for Caregivers Fall Series

Page 19 Health Medal Challenge

The Extension Connection (USPS-525-100) is published monthly for $25.00 enrollment by Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, located at 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903. Entered at Liberty, New York, as a periodical class matter.

Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 412, Act of February 24, 1925. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Extension Connection, 64 Ferndale-Loomis Road, Suite 1, Liberty, NY 12754-2903.

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8:30 am to 4:30 pm Monday-Friday Phone: 845-292-6180 Fax: 845-292-4946 Website: www.sullivancce.org E-mail: sullivan@cornell.edu Twitter.com/ccesullivan Facebook.com/ccesullivan Instagram.com/cce_sullivan_county

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2017 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Donna Willi................................President Robert Kaplan...................Vice President John Kiefer.................................Secretary Dawn Boyes...............................Treasurer Todd Brown Amy Erlwein Pamela Fisk Sonja Hedlund John “JP” Lang Earl Myers Klu Padu Luisa Parker Glenn Pontier

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Edited by: Nicole Slevin & Colleen Monaghan

Produced by: Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County is an employer and educator recognized for valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities and provides equal program and employment opportunities.

NOTICE: Official endorsement of advertisers and their products is not intended by the acceptance of their advertisements for the Extension Connection.

STAFF MEMBERS Colleen Monaghan............................................................................Executive Director SueAnn Boyd......................................................................Healthy Schools Coordinator Wanda V. Cruz...........................................................Healthy Communities Coordinator Dayna Gaeta.........................................................Community Horticulture Coordinator Marylin Jones..........................................................................4-H Program Coordinator Bonnie Lewis..........................................................................Dependent Care Educator Michelle Lipari...............................................................................Agriculture Educator Erica Lynch.......................................................................Catskills Kitchen Coordinator Melinda Meddaugh.....................................................Ag & Food Systems Team Leader Barbara Moran...............................................4-H Animal Science Program Coordinator Nicole Slevin.........................................................................Communications Manager Kaitlyn Smith......................................................................................Program Assistant Nat Tompkins............................................................................Agriculture Coordinator Tara VanHorn.......................................................................................Finance Manager Malinda Ware.................................Health & Community Development Program Leader Sean Welsh..........................Energy & Consumer Educator and Operations Coordinator John Wilcox.......................................................................Building & Grounds Manager

Extension Connection

August 2017

Dear Extension Friends: Can you believe it’s August already?! Before we kiss the summer goodbye, gear up for harvest, and get everyone back to school, it’s time to celebrate Sullivan County kids at CCE’s 4-H Youth Fair at the 138th Little World’s Fair in Grahamsville, August 18-20. Over three days of interactive learning and showcases, you’ll see more than 400 still exhibits and 200 animals that 4-H’ers have been working on all year. We have more species coming than we have in recent memory, with ducks, goats, sheep, pocket pets, and alpacas, along with our strong dairy, beef, rabbit, and poultry sections. Fairgoers can participate in daily activities in the Youth Building, test their luck playing Bessie Bingo on Saturday afternoon, and take part in the Pie Auction on the main stage, or the annual Livestock Auction in the upper ring, both on Sunday.

Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County (CCESC) staff and volunteers will be on hand all weekend. Please consider stopping in to chat about what we do. We’d love the opportunity to tell you about the events and activities we’re busy with, hear about your experiences, and brainstorm ways we can work together to provide Sullivan County’s young people with the opportunities and supports they need to be healthy, contributing adults.

In addition to the community club model, the CCESC Program Advisory Committee and staff are working to offer more science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) opportunities in the afterschool setting using a group mentoring approach. Research shows that youth who participate in 4-H STEM programs and who have caring, adult mentors in their lives do better in school, are kinder to themselves and each other, and are more prepared to go to work. The 4-H model relies on volunteers to bring our programs to kids. As always, CCESC is seeking volunteers! If you’re interested in learning how to volunteer for a 4-H afterschool program, please give us a ring at 845-292-6180.

As always, be well, stay cool, and see you at the Fair!

Warm Regards,

Colleen Monaghan, Executive Director, cm638@cornell.edu

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES Submitted by Nat Tompkins, Agriculture Coordinator There are a lot of things that go into starting your farm business. In fact, there are a lot of things that go into starting any type of business. One of the most important parts that go into starting your business is how you want to set it up legally. Most folks, not all, end up going with the simplest and cheapest strategy of filing for their DBA (doing business as), and becoming a sole proprietorship. This tends to be the quickest, but may not be the best way. When it comes to creating your business there are multiple options to choose. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages. None of them are one-size-fits-all. Let’s face it, that’s why NYS recognizes six different types of businesses, and not just one. This article will discuss the four most common types, which are sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability corporations, and corporations. Each one comes with its own unique challenges, rules, and benefits.

Sole Proprietorships: Sole proprietorships are businesses with only one owner. Also, the business and the individual are not legally separated.

Being that the company is not separated from the owner, the liability can be quite high. The owner will be responsible for all debts incurred, judgements, and lawsuits brought Page 4

against the company. This means that the owner can have money taken from their personal checking and savings accounts to cover what the business may not be able to. Depending on your risk tolerance, this may or may not be a huge issue. An advantage for a sole-proprietorship is the easy setup. As previously stated, you need to file your DBA, and get a business license from the state. Taxes are made relatively simple also. All of the income/loss can be filed a part of an individual’s tax return.

Partnerships: Partnerships are very similar to sole-proprietorships, but do have some differences. Partnerships happen when two or more people start a business. Each partner shares in all the profits and losses that happen to the business. The setup is similar to sole-proprietorships, and does not require filing articles of incorporation.

When tax time rolls around every year, each partner is taxed based on their investment in the business.

Regardless of whether or not the partner decides to take the profit, or leave it in the partnership. They are still responsible for the taxes.

Partnerships can be multi-faceted when it comes to decision making and ownership. Partners can be in two roles, active or silent. A silent partner is a great option for family members, or others, who want to invest money into the business, but don’t want to take an active role in the management part of it. When forming a partnership, make sure to have strongly and explicitly written partnership

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agreements! Having down on paper which partner(s) has what expectations, contributions, decisionmaking power, and responsibilities will never hurt your business when disagreements happen. The percentage of profit shares should also be included on this agreement!

When a partnership is formed, each partner is still personally liable for anything that happens with the business. Each partner is also liable for all other partners’ obligations.

If one partner cannot pay debts, defrauds a customer, or puts the business in a legal quagmire, all other partners are responsible for what happens.

Limited Liability Corporations (LLCs): Limited liability corporations (LLCs) are like the hybrid car of business structures. They aren’t quite sole-proprietorships, but they aren’t quite an incorporated business either.

To form an LLC, you must file Articles of Organization with the Secretary of State, which typically comes with a filing fee from the state.

There is also a liability shield when it comes to forming an LLC. The business is considered a separate entity from the person that owns the business. This means that any member of the LLC is free from any debts, lawsuits, and judgements against the company. Only the assets of the LLC would be at risk, so the members could only lose their investment in the company, and nothing that they did not invest into

the business. However, it is important to note that members can be liable if they are using the business as an extension of the person or personal finances. This is another reason, of many, why you keep your personal finances separate from the business.

For example, titles of vehicles used for the business should be in the name of the business, and not your own name. Even if you are the only member of the LLC, it is the business’ vehicle and not yours. For individuals who may be more risk adverse, this can be a pretty big incentive to form an LLC. Taxes for the LLC are treated similarly to a sole proprietorship, or a partnership. It truly depends on if the LLC is owned by one member, or it has multiple. The IRS treats multi-member LLCs as if they are partnerships, and the members end up paying taxes for the business based on what their share of the profits or losses are. The member’s share of the profit is called a “distributive share”, and the share is based on the ownership interest in the company. Each member’s share should be determined in the original membership agreement.

duties of its officers and directors, how and when board members get replaced, how the books get audited, when and how the votes are taken, how the business will make large transactions such as loans or contracts, and how to distribute stock in the business.

Both off corporations require B th types t ti i more attention to detail when it comes to creating the business, and also with its ongoing operations. When forming the business you must create bylaws, appoint a director(s), keep accurate minutes of meetings held by the board, issue out stock, and file with the Secretary of State.

S-corporations’ profits and losses pass through to the shareholders who report it on their individual tax returns. In an S-corp, there is no entity level tax. Whereas, in C-corporations the business must pay taxes on its netincome, and individual shareholders must pay taxes on the dividends they receive from the business.

Decision-making power should be treated like a partnership, and should be well written into a membership agreement early on. If help is needed coming up with an agreement, hiring a lawyer should be considered. It may cost a couple hundred dollars now, but it can end up saving a lot of heart and headaches later on.

The liability that comes with running a corporation is similar to an LLC. Since the business is considered its own entity it is able to shield shareholders from its own debts and lawsuits. However, just like with the LLC, if personal and business finances get mixed up, the liability shield is no longer impenetrable. Also, if a shareholder personally guarantees a loan for the business, that shareholder is responsible for that debt incurred.

Corporations: When it comes to corporations, they are considered their own entity. They are completely separated from the owners, and owners are considered shareholders in the business. There are two types of corporations, S-corporations and C-corporations. The letters don’t really stand for anything; they only refer to the tax code that the IRS uses.

Corporations are owned by its shareholders. The shareholders operate with a board of directors they elect. How much authority the board has is determined by the bylaws of the operation. The bylaws are paramount to creating a corporation that can function properly. They help to define when and where shareholders and the board meet,

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Corporations may seem like you need to be running a multi-national company that’s worth billions of dollars to start up. However, that’s not the case! There are many small businesses that operate as a corporation, and have as little as one shareholder.

When it comes to deciding which business structure you would like, there is no 100% right answer. Each one is different, and it is up to you to decide which one you think would best fit what type of business you are running, what your risk tolerance is, and how you would like to run the business. In the end, it is best to make sure that you have all agreements in writing, and choose a business structure that you are comfortable working within for the long haul. An ounce of prevention is certainly worth a pound of cure in this case!

Source: Blackman, Carrie. Business Structures for Small Farms: A Quick Guide.

September 2015. University of Washington.

WET HAY ALERT! Oddly enough, wet hay is more likely to lead to a spontaneous combustion fire than dry hay. If hay is put into a barn or stack when it has more than about 22 percent moisture, not only does the hay lose forage quality, but it has an increased risk of spontaneous combustion.

To avoid hay fires, small, rectangular bales should not exceed 18 to 22 percent moisture, and large round or rectangular bales should not exceed 16 to 18 percent moisture for safe storage.

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SCOUTING FOR VEGETABLE DISEASES ON YOUR FARM Submitted by Michelle Lipari, Agriculture Educator

(it is complicated!), it might be worth considering hiring someone to scout for you.

Scouting

Walk through your fields in a regular pattern; say a ‘Z’ pattern. Regardless of the pattern chosen, make a point to go through the entire field instead of around the edges. It might be a good idea to be sure to hit areas that you suspect of having problems. For example, a low area or an area where irrigation pipes leak might be more likely to have a soil borne disease such as Phytophthora. An area that gets shade from nearby trees might stay wetter in the mornings and have more foliar disease.

If preventative management is the underlying theme to organic vegetable disease management, why should one scout for diseases?

Doesn’t the concept of scouting for disease imply reactive management?

Let’s think about the word scout as a military term. Scouts precede the army in an attempt to determine the enemy’s whereabouts and movements. In doing so, it is possible to react to the enemy’s movements and to prevent an enemy surprise attack. In this sense, scouting is both reactive and preventative. Vegetable disease scouting should be the same.

Preventative schemes include crop rotation and variety selection.

Management schemes that include these factors have to be developed prior to the growing season. However, the length of time between crops, which crops should be included in the rotation, and what disease resistance is needed in varieties are questions that can only be answered with knowledge of one’s own cropping systems.

Occasionally, knowledge gained in scouting will cause one to make rapid changes in management. For example, a fungicide application schedule may change, or you may decide to harvest a crop early, if a disease makes an appearance in your field.

Once you decide to start scouting, set up a regular schedule. It is not sufficient to ride by a field with the window down or look at the plants from atop a tractor. Make a point to set aside some time, say once a week, for scouting. If this seems undoable or the following seems pretty complicated beside the other items you have to know and keep track of Page 6

An effective scout will learn how to recognize patterns. Some patterns are obvious and do not indicate a problem. For example, plants of different planting dates will be different sizes. A bit less obvious might be why the plants in one area of a field are chlorotic (yellow) and stunted. This area of the field might have been too wet. Or a soil borne disease might be present. To determine the difference between these two possibilities, one might dig up a plant and examine the roots.

Before one can determine whether roots or any other plant part appears healthy, one must know what a normal healthy plant looks like. This is another key concept and will require one to find and carefully examine a few healthy plants.

Some patterns will be man-made.

Irrigation, fertilization and cultivation will often create regular patterns which can be differentiated from the more or less random patterns produced by a disease. Foliar diseases often create lesions in a more a less random pattern on a leaf.

Nutritional disorders, on the other hand, often manifest themselves along leaf margins or veins. Remember that

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old leaves often become chlorotic (yellow) or even necrotic (areas of dead tissue) as they senesce (die back naturally). However, if new growth begins to appear chlorotic or necrotic, there might be reason for concern.

Diagnostics You may have learned to recognize a good many vegetable disease problems by sight. However, there may come a time when you observe a problem that you suspect might be a plant disease, but you aren’t sure.

What do you do next?

One possibility is to compare your symptoms with those of a diagnostic manual or website. There are many excellent resources available. Many seed and pesticide companies produce excellent manuals. Your county Extension educator should be able to point you to resources that your land grant institution might have.

It makes sense to compare several different websites and manuals. The more you know about your crop and the diseases that might be present, the better use you will be able to make of the resources available. Avoid quick comparisons of photos with your plant; a hasty conclusion might be a wrong one.

Source: Adapted from: Egel, D. 2006.

Scouting for Vegetable Diseases. New Agricultural Network. http://new-ag.msu. edu/ (verified 15 Mar 2010).

LILY LEAF BEETLE IPM Submitted by Dayna Gaeta, Community Hort. Coordinator If you grow Oriental, Asiatic, Easter, or tiger lilies you may be familiar with a relatively new pest – the lily leaf beetle (lilioceris lilii). Although native to Europe, the lily leaf beetle made an appearance in Montreal, Canada in 1945. It wasn’t until 1992 that the lily leaf beetle hitched a ride to Massachussets and began spreading throughout the Northeast.

In 2015, a survey conducted by researchers at Cornell University indicated that lily leaf beetles were present in 30 New York counties.

Adult beetles can be identified by their bright red color. They have a black head, antennae, legs, and undersurface. Around May, the adults emerge and lay eggs in a line-like fashion on the underside of leaves.

The eggs turn orange and red and hatch 4-8 days later. The larvae are small and slug-like, and can be orange, yellow, tan, or greenish with a black head. They grow from less than 1 millimeter when first hatched to roughly 1 ¼ centimeters (1/2 inch), and they cover themselves in fecal matter. Adults and larvae are capable of causing extensive damage to leaves, buds, and flowers. The adults and larvae can devour a lily (Lilium) or fritillary (Fritillaria) plant in just a few days, much to the dismay of many gardeners. Most gardeners first discover that the lily leaf beetle has invaded their garden when they notice that their beloved lilies have totally lost their leaves. Once the larvae have fed for 16-24 days, they drop to the ground and emerge as adult beetles. In the pupae stage, they are fluorescent orange in color! Contact your local Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) office for identification.

In Sullivan County, y, CCE identifies invasive species p for free,, in collaboration with Catskill Regional g Invasive Species p Partnership (CRISP).

If you choose to your lilies, h t keep k lili be b on alert and scout regularly for the evidence of the lily leaf beetle. They are active from April to October.

Products containing neem oil, a botanical insecticide, can be helpful in killing eggs and young larvae, and deterring adults, but must be applied every 5-7 days. In addition, products containing spinosad, which is a microbial insecticide, may also help with control. Home gardeners have access to products containing imidacloprid, a potent systemic insecticide.

Apply pesticides in the evening when bees and beneficial insects are less active. Avoid windy conditions when applying to keep pesticides from drifting. Do not apply pesticides to flowers (and weeds) when they are in bloom.

Gardeners, don’t despair! Your lilies have a fighting chance! Current research and the continued release of the native-European wasp, Tetrastichus setifer , has proven effective in the fight against the lily leaf beetle in Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachussetts, and Maine. The tiny, parasitic wasps

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s specifically target the lily leaf beetle a lay eggs on the larvae (killing and t them).

If the populations establish themselves, they have the ability to t control the lily leaf beetle without c pesticides.

Entomologists at the p University of Rhode Island Biocontrol U Lab L began evaluating this parasitic wasp back in 1999 as a biological w control of the lily leaf beetle. In co c recent years, New York State rre Integrated Pest Management, Cornell IIn University, and several Cornell U Cooperative Extension offices have C joined the University of Rhode Island jjo research efforts. Since 2015, the rre wasps have been released at CCE w Putnam, CCE Albany, and Cornell’s Pu P Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center. Later this year, they will also be released at CCE Erie County. Researchers will continue scouting around New York State in order to track the growth of the wasp populations and survey what they hope will be a decline in the lily leaf beetle population.

Please note that some pesticides are being studied for their possible role in the decline of bees. When using pesticides it is important to take precautions to protect pollinating insects such as bees.

Sources: Ramanujan, ByKrishna. Parasitizing wasps offer hope against devastating lily beetle | Cornell Chronicle. Accessed July 21, 2017. http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2017/07/ parasitizing-wasps-offer-hope-againstdevastating-lily-beetle.

Admin. “Lily Leaf Beetle.” Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. July 05, 2017. Accessed July 21, 2017. https:// ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/ fact-sheets/lily-leaf-beetle.

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STAYING SAFE ONLINE Submitted by Sean Welsh, Energy & Consumer Educator Safe computing is an ongoing battle in today’s modern environment.

We are constantly utilizing devices, phones, and wireless technology that can leave us vulnerable. Below are some important pieces of information that are worth revisiting.

Protect Your Personal Data: Evaluate the sites you visit, and don’t give away personal information on sites that are not secure. Read privacy policies to find out what a site will do with any personal information you divulge.

Transmit Sensitive Financial and Personal Data via Secure Sites: During a secure (encrypted) connection, a site’s Internet address will be preceded by “https” and, depending on the browser you use, a closed lock or unbroken key symbol will appear in the lower portion of your window. Make sure both the “https” and either the closed lock or unbroken key appears.

Don’t Fall for Scams: Be aware of attempts to get your personal information through spamming and phishing. Spamming is flooding the Internet with many copies of the same message, in an attempt to force the message on people who would not otherwise choose to receive it. Most spam is commercial advertising, often for dubious products or get-richquick schemes. Phishing occurs when someone sends an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information for identity theft purposes.

Limit Annoying Spam: Use protections offered by your Internet Service Provider (“ISP”) or a standalone filter. Do not respond to spam or retaliate – this will only result in Page 8

more spam.

Avoid Downloading Spyware: Don’t freely click on offers for no-cost software products such as games, music, screen savers or even antispam filters. Ask other users of your computer to follow this rule.

Exercise Caution When Shopping Online: Shop from reputable websites that use encryption. Look for third party verification, review their privacy policy, and use a dedicated credit card to allow an easy review of purchases. Never use a debit card.

Exercise Caution When Banking Online: Make sure that the banking institution is legitimate and deposits are federally insured. Take advantage of all security programs your bank offers, even optional ones.

Understand the Security Limitations of Wireless Technology: Criminals can steal data transmitted wirelessly over an unsecured network by monitoring chat, instant messaging, and e-mail. Criminals can also set up “rogue” networks mimicking real ones. Always check the qualities of a network before connecting. Don’t transmit sensitive data in a public hotspot unless you trust it, even if the transmission is encrypted.

Don’t Fall Victim to Online Identity Theft: Use complex passwords and change them regularly. Lock your computer when you are not using it. Dispose of old computers properly.

If you are a victim, take action.

Security Breach Awareness: If data you have transmitted to an online business has been stolen, know your rights about notification under New York State law and

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other remedies available through the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Be a Smart Computer User: Monitor all computer usage, including that of children. Educate them about proper computer and Internet usage. If you use a computer for word processing, back up files frequently.

Having a conversation with youth regarding safety while online is important, but it can be hard to discuss all the aspects of internet safety.

Resources are listed below to help parents and guardians in having these conversations, while touching all the important topics: • Kidshealth.org • Kids.usa.gov • Netsmartz.org

For more detailed information regarding the material discussed in this article visit staysafeonline.org.

Source: Division of Consumer Protection.

Accessed July 13, 2017. https://www.dos. ny.gov/consumerprotection/identity_theft/ protect_yourself_from_identity_theft/ internet_computer_safety.html.

Stay Safe Online. Access July 20, 2017 https://staysafeonline.org/stay-safe-online/

BLUEBERRIES: GOOD FOR BLOOD PRESSURE & BRAIN Submitted by SueAnn Boyd, Healthy Schools Coordinator With the domestic blueberry season about to begin, there’s no better time to celebrate the bountiful health benefits of Americans’ secondfavorite berry (after strawberries).

New research has linked blueberry consumption to better blood pressure, and Tufts scientists continue to explore how blueberries protect the brain. More than three-dozen current clinical trials are testing blueberries’ possible benefits for vision, gout protection, arterial function, blood sugar, and more. Blueberries are rich in polyphenols called anthocyanins, which give them their distinctive color. They are also a good source of vitamin C, manganese, and dietary fiber.

One of the few fruits native to North America, blueberries reach their peak in June and July. Imports from South America, however, have made the berries available year-round.

Research has also shown that frozen blueberries retain most of their anthocyanin content. (Cooking at temperatures above 350 degrees damages these polyphenols, however, so go easy on the blueberry muffins.)

Cardiovascular research has suggested that blueberries could help improve cholesterol levels.

Blueberry consumption has also been linked to reduced oxidation of the bad LDL cholesterol; this oxygen damage makes the LDL particles more dangerous. Because the anthocyanins in blueberries can cross the bloodbrain barrier, they might decrease vulnerability to the oxidative stress

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that occurs with aging, reduce inflammation, and increase signaling between neurons.

According to GlycemicIndex.com, the Glycemic Index is a relative ranking of carbohydrate in foods according to how they affect blood glucose levels.

Carbohydrates with a low GI value (55 or less) are more slowly digested, absorbed and metabolised and cause a lower and slower rise in blood glucose and, therefore insulin levels.

Although blueberries fall in the lower middle of the glycemic index, which is somewhat higher than other berries, they seem beneficial for blood-sugar regulation.

Source: Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter Revised: July 24, 2017

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IT’S FAIR TIME! Submitted by Kaitlyn Smith, Program Assistant As July rolls into August CCESC’s 4-H Youth Development program is in full fair mode. During the third week of August (August 18 – 20) 4-H members converge at the 4-H Youth Fair, part of the Grahamsville Little World’s Fair, to show off their projects and accomplishments for the year.

The members arrive with animals, still exhibits, and leadership skills in tow for the three day event. During that time, youth project exhibits are evaluated and receive awards on standards for age and experience level. An exhibition of project work follows, and is a proud display of youth efforts and accomplishments shared with the community. But what does this accomplish? Do the youth really learn anything from experiences such as these or is it more about the prizes?

At the Youth Fair, 4-H members participate in many different project areas. For animals, youth participate in areas such as poultry, rabbit, cavy, goat, sheep, dairy, beef, swine, dog, small animal, horse, or alpaca. Still exhibit areas include: personal development & leadership, communications & expressive arts, consumer & family sciences, visual arts, horticulture, environmental science, plant pathology, entomology, and science engineering & technology. Under these still exhibit areas, youth can choose to enter in over 450 different classes divided among the previously listed departments. For animal areas, youth can choose to participate in over 880 different classes divided among the animal species sections.

For many of these areas, youth undergo face-to-face evaluations from volunteer judges who are experts or mentors in their field. This gives Page 10

youth the opportunity to practice their public speaking skills while presenting their projects. In addition to receiving the evaluation results for their projects, they also receive encouraging feedback from the evaluators, and tips on how to move to the next level within that project area next year. 4-H’ers are encouraged to interact with the public during fair by teaching bystanders about 4-H and their specific project areas. In this way, leadership skills are highlighted at the fair. Youth can choose to sign up to be a Teen Leader, where they interact with the public at different 4-H booths and assist the department areas. 4-H’ers also set up educational displays in the livestock barns to further expand their animal projects with visual ads. For youth who really want to take their public speaking skills to the next level, they can sign up to present their public presentations on the Main Stage to a wider audience!

Through the experience of fair, 4-H members enjoy many experiential learning opportunities. They can brush up on their public speaking, demonstrate their specific skills and interests through exhibits, eventually reaching a level of mastery in any area of their choice, show off how hard they worked with their animals since last year, and yes, even reach the goal of receiving a blue ribbon, State Fair Selection, or Master Showman recognition. Prizes and ribbons give youth a physical goal to keep in mind while working on projects throughout the year. Fair is the time for kids to really shine and show off what they’ve learned through 4-H and what they can do. It is used as active encouragement and celebration for all the work they do and for the skills they have gained. They get to interact with each other and with their community. Fair is a critical part of

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the 4-H year because it involves all of the most important aspects of positive youth development, rolled into one event. So, it’s fair time! Please let 4-H members know you support them by coming out to see their projects. You might even learn a thing or two from them.

FAIR SCHEDULE August 15 Fair Set-up Day & Exhibitor Orientation – Grahamsville Fairgrounds August 16 Still Exhibit Evaluations – Grahamsville Fairgrounds, 3:30-6:30 pm August 17-20 Fair Exhibitions & Animal Shows – Grahamsville Fairgrounds August 20 Noon Pie Auction, Main Stage 2:00 pm Livestock Auction, Upper Ring

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VET SCIENCE STARTS July 6, 2017 The CCESC 4-H Animal Science Program kicked off the annual Vet Science Series!

Young people get an opportunity over three sessions to learn about anatomy & physiology, tools of the vet science trade, and can explore careers!

PROGRAM FLYER OUTREACH July 7 Once a month, CCESC staff take turns bringing our workshop fliers to public spaces and businesses around the county.

If you have an idea of where we should be dropping off information, please let us know. Extension is for everyone!

LOVE CANNING FROM MY HEAD TO-MA-TOES! June 7 & 8 The CCESC Master Food Preserver volunteers teamed up in the Catskills Kitchen to offer a Canning Tomatoes workshop. We got it in early so you know what to do with all those bushels harvested next month. Call us for an info booklet if you missed it!

Now our volunteers can share what they learned through the Master Gardener Helpline.

KNOW THE 10 SIGNS OF ALZHEIMER’S

4-H PROJECT PREP NIGHT

July 12

The CCESC 4-H Youth Development team hosted a volunteer and club member training, Project Prep Night. Over two hours, participants learned about all the ways young people can make the most of hands-on learning through the 4-H model, and how caring adults can help.

The CCESC Caregiver Resource Center visited the Loch Sheldrake Senior Group to teach them “Know the 10 Signs”. This workshop helps folks to understand the signs and symptoms that could point to dementia-related diseases, including Alzheimer’s.

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT YOUTH July 12 - August 14 In partnership with the Sullivan County Center for Workforce Development, CCESC is hosting seven summer youth employees for six weeks. These teens are being paid by the county to help us take care of some important projects including records management, bulk mailings, annual maintenance tasks, garden

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July 17-22 The Extension Education Center hosted the Sullivan County Department of Public Health’s Healthy Families staff for a weeklong training. We have four classroom spaces that are available for public/ non-profit use at a minimal fee. Keep us in mind if you are looking for a flexible, welcoming space to host a training or meeting!

The Extension Education Center hosted the CCE Hudson Valley Shared Business Network meeting. With a visit from CCE administration out of Cornell University, Sullivan, Orange, Rockland, Westchester, Ulster, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties’ executive directors began to chart a course for the next three years of our formal regional partnership. management, and more!

CATSKILLS KITCHEN VISIONING

CCE GARDEN TLC The Master Gardener Volunteers held their monthly meeting. Diana Weiner, CCESC Program Advisory Committee member and Sullivan Renaissance horticulture program manager, worked with the group on some much needed pruning and cut backs on the property.

HEALTHY FAMILIES TRAINING

July 18

July 11

July 12

July 13

HUDSON VALLEY SBN

AG ON THE ROAD Board member, Earl Myers took Nat Tompkins, CCE’s new ag business coordinator, on the road to meet some Sullivan County farmers. Keep a look out for Earl and the ag team as they go out for monthly visits!

throughout the county. If you know a group that would like a CCESC general speaker, call us!

CCE 101 PRESENTATION July 13 CCESC staff visited the Monticello Senior Group for a CCE 101 presentation. This kind of outreach helps us get the word out about the different workshops and volunteer opportunities Extension offers

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July 19 The CCESC Program Advisory Committee had a lively discussion about the future of 4-H programming and the Catskills Kitchen. Next year, we’ll be rolling out an exciting new food-based series highlighting local chefs and food products.

More than 100

July offerings included

Vet Science, Junior Gardeners, Canning Tomatoes, farm visits, caregiving classes, 4-H trainings, & more!

CCE hosted a

week long training for

4-H’ers and

their families attended Youth Fair Work Night

Public Health

YOUTH DIG GARDENING July 19 The annual Junior Master Gardener series kicked off with our community horticulture program coordinator, Dayna Gaeta introducing soils. Participants will get their hands dirty three more times through October!

FAIR WORK NIGHT July 20

OPEN TEXTILE GROUP MEETS July 21 The 4-H Intergenerational Textile Group held its monthly activity. This group meets the 3rd Friday of every month at 7:00 pm and creates knitted, crocheted, and sewn goodies for our friends and neighbors in need. There is no cost to participate and the meeting is open to the public. Come check it out!

More than 100 4-H’ers and their families joined the 4-H program staff at the Grahamsville Fairgounds for pizza and to begin preparations for the annual Youth Fair. With more than 400 still exhibits and 200 animals, this year’s fair will be a sight to see! Don’t miss it: August 18-20.

THROUGHOUT JULY If you stopped in to any of the farmers’ markets around the county, you likely had a chance to say hi to CCESC staff and volunteers! We’re out and about to help you understand the incentives for shopping the markets, including cooking demos and workshops that help you use all that tasty Sullivan County bounty!

If you’re a frequent visitor to the Extension Education Center, you may have noticed we have begun to switch the building over to a keyless entry system and have installed security cameras. Luckily, we have had minimal security issues over the 30 years at this location, but we have recently experienced equipment loss and property vandalism. We kindly ask for your patience as we adjust to a new way of operating p g to ensure our facilities, guests, and equipment are safe and se secure for members. future generations of members

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CCE & CRMC INSPIRE WORKSITE WELLNESS ACROSS SULLIVAN Submitted by Amanda Langseder, Director of Community Health, Greater Hudson Valley Health System “The Robert Wood Johnson County Health Rankings and Roadmaps reports that Sullivan County’s health status ranks 61 out of New York’s 62 counties for the last eight years. To engage the business and non-profit sector in creating a culture of health in Sullivan, Catskill Regional Medical Center (CRMC) rolled out the US Chamber Foundation Health Means Business campaign. The Sullivan Chamber of Commerce was visited and a presentation was done at a young professionals mixer. All members of the Chamber and the community were invited to a first ever Sullivan Wellness Coordinator Training.

The need for this type of program came from the fact that there were several non-profit agencies providing worksite wellness programming, some of them engaging the same businesses or organizations and many looking to increase their connections in Sullivan. In addition, there were many county businesses, schools and organizations that didn’t have active Wellness Committees and didn’t know how to get started with worksite wellness efforts. When the partner programs began meeting they knew they had the resources to pull off something great that would inspire new wellness committees and increase worksite wellness programming around the county.

The training was a collaborative effort of multiple organizations that provide free worksite wellness programming and health education. CRMC partnered with Cornell Cooperative Extension, Eat Smart New York, the Page 18

American Heart Association, the CRMC Cancer Services Program, Health Link, Public Health and Sullivan 180 to provide a robust training which was attended by approximately 70 participants. After several months of meeting and planning, the training took place on Friday April 7th at New Hope Community in Loch Sheldrake.

The event started with a brief video from the HBO documentary, “The Weight of the Nation” which features a construction company struggling with poor employee health outcomes and what they did to change their overall company health status. Opening speaker, Amanda Langseder, Director of Community Health for the Greater Hudson Valley Health System focused her remarks on the clear connection between the health of a community’s population and the health of its economy explaining that businesses can only thrive with a healthy and productive workforce. Langseder shared facts from the National US Chamber Foundation Health Means Business campaign and encouraged Sullivan worksites to start the conversation and create a culture of health in their worksites.

Sullivan Public Health Director Nancy McGraw reminded training participants, “as a community leader, you are uniquely positioned to use the County Health Rankings as a call to action by helping others in your workplaces and community understand what impacts health and how worksite wellness programs are one key way to improve quality of life”.

The day concluded with a writing exercise led by Dr. Tony P. Burgess, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) and founder of the Cornwall Leadership Institute. Tony inspired the group to think about their plan moving forward and then complete commitment

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cards. On the commitment cards were seven free worksite wellness programs which the participants had learned about during a speed networking session. Forty three participants representing 27 different Sullivan businesses and organizations completed commitment cards.

Included were five of the seven county school districts, Head Start, BOCES, and SUNY Sullivan. In all one hundred and forty five commitments were made by participants to bring available worksite wellness programs to their workplace.

The committee believes that the training is the start of a collective impact movement to improve health in Sullivan. At the tail end of the day a medals challenge was issued by Malinda Ware, Health and Community Development Program Leader for Sullivan CCE, in which committed organizations who start a wellness committee in 2017 will earn a bronze medal, performing health education with their employees will earn them a silver, and implementation of policy or environmental change will garner a gold medal. Businesses and organizations will be “medaled” at the Cornell Cooperative Extension Annual Meeting in December 2017.

There is still time to get involved, so get your worksite wellness committee going and contact Amanda Langseder, Director of Community Health at CRMC 845794-3300 ext. 2187 or Malinda Ware at CCE 845-292-6180, ext. 103. Be a part of the Sullivan Health Medal Challenge!

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CCE Sullivan Spotlights

4-HSpotlight 4-H EXPLORERS CLUB Representatives from the 4-H Sullivan County Explorers Club presented Father Bill Scafidi of St. Peter’s Church, Liberty with items to support the church’s Sullivan Renaissance project.

The 4-H group’s year focused on learning about pollinators. They contributed items the group made including a bat house, painted bee rocks, butterfly feeders, butterfly food, and a hand-painted milk can with marigold flowers that were planted by the group from seeds. The group of 17 children ages 6-13, chose to support the St. Peter’s Renaissance project, which received a grant from Sullivan Renaissance, a beautification and community development program, and is competing to win an award for landscape beautification.

Back row: Parent Abby Rodden, Father Bill Scafidi, Co-Leader/Parent Karen Reilly, Parent Colleen Hindley, Parent Myrna Baena holding son Jaxon Front row: Dominic M., Will R., Megan R., Cael R., Jaden B., Aine R. 4-H empowers youth to reach their full potential, working and learning in partnership with caring adults.

4-H Members have opportunities to connect to Cornell University, learn through hands-on activities, lead, be inspired, and inspire others.

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Program Spotlight ALZHEIMER’S ASSOC. HUDSON VALLEY CHPT

Volunteer Spotlight CHARLIE FAUSOLD

Family caregivers assisting an individual affected by Alzheimer’s disease or a dementia know that the Alzheimer’s Association provides education, support groups, and personal counseling which can now be accessed in the CCESC building via a partnership with the Caregiver Resource Center. The Alzheimer’s Association is also a six year, fantastic supporter of the yearly Caregiver Wellness Retreats at the Frost Valley YMCA!

Charlie Fausold earned a B. A. in biology from Gettysburg College and a Master’s in Environmental Management from Duke University.

He spent 20 years in New England working on a variety of environmental, natural resource and land use policy issues. Among other positions, he was Director of Water Resources and Environmental Programs at the New England Governors’ Conference and a Fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

This free respite day for caregivers offers healthy stress reducing options such as massages, gentle exercise and music, art, and pet therapy.

Alzheimer’s Association’s Donna Davies, LCSW shared her thoughts on the Retreat: “We are blessed to be a part of this wonderful program, and to work with all of you! Seeing the 4-H and FFA kids at work, reaching out to our participants, talking with folks two or even three generations older than them, sharing activities... is priceless! I am grateful to you (the Caregiver Resource Center) for leading the way with your gentle and kind approach, your patience and understanding... helping it all come together beautifully!”

An upstate New York native, he returned with his family in 1997 to begin a second career with Cornell Cooperative Extension, first as Executive Director of CCE Schuyler County and most recently as a State Extension Specialist. As a State Specialist, he has worked with more than 40 county CCE offices, including Sullivan, strengthening linkages to the university and supporting executive directors and boards of directors in their work. Charlie said, “It has truly been a privilege to get to know so many dedicated and talented CCE volunteers and staff members around this diverse and beautiful state.”

Charlie plans to retire at the end of the year. We are honored to have had Charlie as our Extension Specialist!

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CCE Sullivan Spotlights

School Spotlight BENJAMIN COSOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL With help from CCESC’s Creating Healthy Schools & Communities program, a beautiful sign has been placed at the trailhead for the Benjamin Cosor Elementary School Hiking and Nature Trail behind the school building.

Newman Signs created the sign, and local contractor Pat Mickelson encased it in wood. Carpenters Brian Durban and Richard Stacey assisted Mickelson in anchoring the sign.

Administrator of the grant to restore and reconstruct the new trail and BCES teacher Mrs. Leah Exner organized a brief ceremony to mark the “unofficial” opening on June 19, 2017. On hand were students from kindergarten through sixth grade chosen by teachers as among the most dedicated in the Extended Day Nature Class. Mrs. Exner referred to them as Guardians of the Trail.

The work that went into the design, building and placement of the sign was a small but vital part of the many busy hands of students, school staff, community volunteers, service agencies, Town of Fallsburg Parks Department, and local businesses that helped bring the project from concept through to completion.

Nominate a Star Know someone who deserves the shine of the spotlight?

Email Nicole Slevin: nas96@cornell.edu

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SCHOLARSHIPS FOR EVERYBODY CCESC Association Scholarship For General Public | Amount Varies

SULLIVANCCE.ORG | 845-292-6180 Deadline to Apply: Rolling

To stimulate interest in educational programs offered by Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County. In the event of financial limitations that prevent a Sullivan County resident from receiving educational services, program fees may be partially covered by this scholarship. Sponsored by Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, and Sullivan Renaissance. Inquire with CCESC.

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Correction: It was incorrectly printed in previous issues that Family & Consumer Science and Agriculture programs were listed as being separate scholarship opportunities when in fact these all fall within the CCESC Association Scholarship.

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ALZHEIMER’S HALLUCINATIONS, PARANOIA, & DELUSIONS Submitted by Bonnie Lewis, Dependent Care Educator As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, the person with the disease may have hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia.

During a hallucination, the person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels something that isn’t there. They also may have delusions - false beliefs that the person thinks are real.

Paranoia is a type of delusion in which a person may believe - without a good reason - that others are mean, lying, unfair, or “out to get me”. He or she may become suspicious, fearful, or jealous of people.

Keep in mind that someone with Alzheimer’s disease may have a good reason for acting a certain way.

They may not be paranoid. There are people who take advantage of weak and elderly people. Find out if someone is trying to abuse or steal from the person with Alzheimer’s.

are happening in the room.

• Make sure the person is safe and can’t reach anything that could be used to hurt anyone.

Paranoia In a person with Alzheimer’s disease, paranoia often is linked to memory loss. It can become worse as memory loss gets worse.

For example, the person may become paranoid if they forget: • Where they put something. The person may believe that someone is taking their things.

• That you are the person’s caregiver.

Someone with Alzheimer’s might not trust you if they think you are a stranger.

• People to whom the person has been introduced. He or she may believe that strangers will be harmful.

Hallucinations & Delusions Here are some tips for coping with hallucinations and delusions: • Tell the doctor or Alzheimer’s disease specialist about the hallucinations or delusions.

• Discuss with the doctor any illnesses the person with Alzheimer’s has and medicines they are taking. Sometimes an illness or medicine may cause hallucinations or delusions.

• Try not to argue with the person about what they see or hear. Comfort the person if they are afraid.

• Distract the person. Sometimes moving to another room or going outside for a walk helps.

• Turn off the TV when violent or upsetting programs are on. Someone with Alzheimer’s may think these events Page 26

• Directions you just gave. The person may think you are trying to trick them.

Paranoia may be the person’s way of expressing loss. The person may blame or accuse others because no other explanation seems to make sense.

Here are some tips for coping with paranoia: • Try not to react if the person blames you for something.

• Don’t argue with the person.

• Let the person know that he or she is safe.

• Use gentle touching or hugging to show you care.

• Explain to others that the person is acting this way because they have

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Alzheimer’s disease.

• Search for things to distract the person, then talk about what you found. For example, talk about a photograph or keepsake.

Keep in mind that someone with Alzheimer’s disease may have a good reason for acting a certain way.

They may not be paranoid. There are people who take advantage of weak and elderly people. Find out if someone is trying to abuse or steal from the person with Alzheimer’s.

Read “Caring for a Person with Alzheimer’s Disease”: www.nia.nih.gov/ alzheimers/publication/ caring-person-alzheimers-disease Visit www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/ topics/caregiving Call the ADEAR Center toll-free:1-800-438-4380 The Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral (ADEAR) Center is a service of the National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health. The Center offers information and publications for families, caregivers, and professionals about Alzheimer’s disease and agerelated cognitive changes.

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Please note: this ad is a spanish translation of the Youth Fair flyer found on page 11.

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