Integrated Design Audit (IDA) Report

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City Terroir

Integrated Design Audit IDA Report Studio One, Caveh Bahreyni Toossi

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Content

Introduction IDA Report is the second part of the Integrated Design Audit series started with the IDA Diary which was a compilation of the work done through the academic year towards the final project, which will be presented in this report.

The final design project continuing the idea of City Terroir, aims to create a public space with the theme of food in an urban context.

The proposal in this report is for a centre, a civic space, based on the connection between food, people and the interrelating industry, in a location dominated by the national rail viaduct crossing through the city of London , at a place that one of the first train stations of the city was built.

The location of the proposal is Dockley Road Industrial Estate close to Spa Terminus, SE16 3SF, Bermondsey London, in the Borough of Southwark.

Introduction 03 Site History and Context 06 Location 06 History 07

Social context 08 TPO 10

Urban context 12 Architectural context 14

Current situation 16

Viaduct and arches 16

Spa Terminus region 20 Management, Practice and law 22

Spa master plan 22 Procurement 23

Planning application and permissions 23 Client 23 End user 23 Design Team 23 Consultants 23 Contract 23 Funding 23 Case Studies and precedents 24

Bastides of South France 24

Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana 25

Civil Government Building 26

Chiswick House Cafe 27 Design Development 28

Mass modelling 28

Early proposal drawings 30

Unapproved proposal 30

The approved design 31 Professional context 32

Site plan 32

Building regulations 34

Access to and use of Buildings 34

Means of access 34 Lifts and stairs 37 Toilets 40 Fire safety 43 Ventilation 46

Protection from falling, collisions and impact 47

Environment, Services, Energy and Sustainability 48 Material 48 Walls 48 Façade 49 Interior 50 Landscaping 51

Vertical connection and clustering 52

Solar exposure and partial insulation 53

Energy usage and solar gain 54

Artificial lighting, reduced demand and energy saving 55

Sun path and shadow study 56

Structure, construction and materials 58 Structure 58

Foundation and substructure 58

Over the ground structure 59

The complete structure 60

Wall and facade structure 61 Architectural drawings 62

Plans and section 62

Basement and Ground floor (1:500) 62

Floors 1 to 6 Residential/Commercial plans (1:500) 63

Exhibition hall plan (1:500) 64 Section 65

Spacial illustration 66

Circulations and habitation 67

Basement and Ground Floor 67

Upper Floors 68

Exhibition hall level 69

Proposal in context 70 Façades 72

Sections and details 73 Overview 73

Ground Floor window 74

Floor and window details 75

Concrete slab details 76 Bibliography 78

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The location of the site Dockley Road Industrial Estate - in the Borough of Southwark, southeast London.

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Site History and Context

Location

The boundaries of Bermondsey area of the Southwark Borough and the location of the site within the borough.

Picture: Southwark Council website Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/southwark.jsp?mapcfg=Historical_ Selection&tooltip=Hist_tips [Accessed 2 May 2015].

The site for our final proposal is located at southeast London in the Bermondsey area of the borough of Southwark and under supervision of the Southwark Council.

The area is surrounded on the east by the railway track, on south bordered to Dockley Road, on west limited to Rouel road which terminates at Enid street and has been cut by Spa road between the two mentioned ones.

It is adjacent to the National Rail viaduct crossing and cutting through London. The site is located on the southern side of the viaduct and includes several of the arches beneath the railway bridge and also the space in front of it.

The site currently is called ‘Dockley Road Industrial Estate’ ans is a collection of food, and food related industries providing a whole sale production for the city of London.

At the present time there is a proposed plan for the area to demolish the current buildings on the industrial estate and the construction of residential and commercial spaces have been suggested.

The area used to be a very busy location as the first train station of London (the Spa Road Station and Spa Terminus Station) was built here, hence the name Spa Terminus which is used for the area. The station and some parts of the office currently exist but it is not operating.

Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/southwark. jsp?mapcfg=Planning&tooltip=Plan_tips&banner=planning [Accessed 2 May 2015].

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History

1915-1920 survey

1896-1899 survey

1949-1954 survey

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1980

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4 Š Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2015. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

Apr 03, 2015 15:23

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In the early 1800s the parts which are now called 150 m 300 m Industrial Estate the Spa Terminus0 m and Dockley Road were not yet parts of London and still were farms and belonged to the local workers.

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By the end of the 19th century development had started in the area and the increase of trade and commerce through the River Thames caused the expansion of industrial units and construction starting from the banks of the river and expanding inwards in the city of London.

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During the World War II most of the area of the currently Dockley Road Industrial Estate was destroyed by the Nazi bombing and the remaining was either mostly damaged or irreparable and as seen on the map of the mid 20th century the area has been removed and has left a void in the area (3).

Currently the site has been occupied with two rows of one storey buildings built with Steal frame and masonry on the north and the south sides of the area dating back to 1980s (4).

The end of the 18th century also brought the railway and the tracks to London which crossed through the Bermondsey area and the Spa Road Station was built to serve the area (1,2)

Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/southwark.jsp?mapcfg=Historical_ Selection&tooltip=Hist_tips [Accessed 2 May 2015].

Caveh Toossi London Metropolitan University

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Social context

Archaeological priority zones

Southwark Borough The borough is made of 21 wards and 63 councillors which the majority are of The Labour party who are leading the council. The borough has a very young population as the majority are less than 35 years old.

Also it has the highest number of residents who were born in Africa and includes a large number of Latin American residents. This is the reason for the %75 of the children at the age of reception to be from black and minority ethnic (BME) groups.

There are about 120 languages spoken in the borough and about %10 of the households have not any member who has English as the first language.

The Borough of Southwark is one of the areas with the highest population in England and Wales with having 9,988 residents per square kilometre.

The area of Bermondsey within the Borough of Southwark does not have significant importance from the archaeological aspect, although the rest of the borough is of interest in this field (the green area in 1 are of archaeological interest).

listed buildings GII-green GII star-red 1

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There are a few listed buildings (2) of Grade II and Grade II star around Dockley Road Industrial Estate. Interestingly not the viaduct itself but the tunnel at Spa road (3) is a Grade II and St. James’s Church (3) on the other side of the via duct is a Grade II star listed building.

The Estate area and to a far distance of the bridge on either sides there are some conservation areas but not close to or in the area of our site, thus there is no historical significant importance to cause any conflict with any new construction at the area (5).

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Show more on the map Listed buildings Listed buildings Grade I Listed buildings Grade II Listed buildings Grade II star

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4 Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/index.jsp?tooltip=yes [Accessed 2 May 2015].

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Show more on the map Conservation areas Conservation areas

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Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/index.jsp?tooltip=yes [Accessed 2 May 2015].

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TPO

Show more on the map 0m 350 m Individual TPO zones Individual TPO zones Group TPO zones The TreeTPO Preservation Order at the area of Bermondsey Group zones Area TPO zones is not very significant. As mentioned earlier the coverage of trees and vegetations is not abundant at Area TPO zones Woodland TPO this area aszones well.

Woodland TPO zones EXCD_LondonBoroughs The current situation of TPO is as shown on the EXCD_London_boroughs above map. The turquoise patches show the parts

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of Individual TPO zones, the brown areas are Group TPO zones, the yellow parts are Area TPO zones, and the green pieces (which do not exist in the area of Bermondsey) are Woodland TPO zones.

It is clear that there is no current tree preservation at the location of the site and thus the existing trees are not protected. The aim will be to safeguard these as much as possible and if required to remove them, they will be re-located to a nearby area. If this option was not possible then for each tree cut more than one will be planted to increase the number of the trees and enhance the green quality of the proposal.

Maps.southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Stratus Connect. [online] Available at: http://maps.southwark.gov.uk/connect/southwark. jsp?mapcfg=TPOs&banner=TPO&tooltip=TPO_tips [Accessed 5 May 2015].

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Urban context

The area surrounding the Dockley Road Industrial Estate if analysed through the network of roads and streets it could be seen that there are several connections and the area is well connected through the network. There are major underground stations such as Bermondsey and London bridge stations, the South Bermondsey train station, and several bus stops on both east and west of the area where the main streets pass through (1).

The public spaces of the area are more noticeable on the northwest, northeast, east and far west of the site which are mainly new built multistorey buildings and on the contrary on the west were the recently massive compound has been built, all the land has been used for construction. The little public space on the southern side of the site also is due to the low and old style terraced housed buildings or council houses which the outdoor space is kept as private gardens for occupiers (2).

1:1000 @ A2 The road and transport network surrounding the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

Source: Digimap

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The spread of green area at the neighbourhood is not satisfying and the lack of vegetations and green area is very obvious at the site. This situation improves towards south and west where there are some parks and to the north where the church is located, otherwise the amount of green sections are not considerable (3).

More importantly if the urban density of the area is checked, the higher rate tends to be on the west and northern parts and these are many new built structures which consist of multi-storeys flats and tall buildings with very high capacities. This is totally opposite on the southern parts as it is still dominated by the clusters of scattered two to three storey dwellings or four to five storey council houses (4).

1:1000 @ A2 The footpaths and public spaces surrounding the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

Source: Digimap

1:1000 @ A2 The green area and variegations surrounding the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

Source: Digimap

1:1000 @ A2 The buildings and constructions surrounding the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

Source: Digimap

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Aerial views of the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

A view from above showing the relation of the site compared to the River Thames, and the adjacent viaduct and the urban texture of the area which becomes dense towards north and west (1).

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A view from the northeast of the site from the other side of the viaduct enhancing the monstrosity of the viaduct and a comparison of it size next to the tall and massive structures around it (2).

A view from southeast and the current urban texture of the area towards west and northwest. In the view again the viaduct and its significant impression over the urban structure is emphasized (3).

Images taken from Apple maps

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Architectural context

The architecture around the site consists of the old structures built around the time the viaduct was built which is mostly masonry and from the pre-modern time but perhaps after the industrial revolution.

They are mostly heavy structures with thick walls and incorporated with steel in the newer ones. These elements create a unique feeling for the site which is challenged by the new tall and modern buildings cladded in the newly developed material and glazed windows.

The Industrial Estate (1), the listed bridge (2), the other tunnels under the bridge (3,4, 5) and the water tower next to the viaduct (6) are some aspects of this amazing mixture.

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The other type of buildings at the Spa Terminus area are those which are recently developed and in the recent decades have been built.

There is also a transition through the council houses built in the 60s and 70s to the new and modern architecture and a shift from a low rise building to a higher level and multi-storey dwellings accompanied by vertical growth, in order to gain the most benefit from the limited amount of ground.

The buildings on the southwest side of the Estate (1), the structures on the opposite side of the viaduct (2,3,4) and the modifications of the interiors of the tunnels for better insulation and prevention from moisture as the tunnels are always moist on the inner side (5) are just a few scenes at the area.

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Current situation

Viaduct and arches

SPA (N)!

SE16 4EJ

DISCOV SE16 4

Fosse Meadows &!

Oliveology

Monmouth!

Coffee!

Company!

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Carrington!

Flowers

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Little Bread Pedlar

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Available

Ice Cream Union

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SPA (S)!

SE16 3FJ &

Southerden F Co ern le V m er an ro Co w! ffe e!

Av a

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DOCKLEY! SE16 3SF

The arches beneath the viaduct are the property of UK National Rail and the land adjacent to it, and under the viaduct if is not privately owned but belongs to Southwark Council.

Currently a private establishment through negotiation has leased the arches (coloured on the above diagram) on a long-term basis and intends to sub-lease them to possible clients.

The future plan is to lease and use all the arches for food or food related industry for the purpose of whole sale and not for direct contact with individual or household sales.

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Inn & Out

Monmouth Coffee Company

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MCC! (temp)

The Butchery

South!

East!

Fruits

English Preserves

Mons!

Cheese w. Aubert & Mascoli

Fiveways Express

Jayne..Duveen!

Shared

John & Elena Veg!

Kappa !

Casein

Kernel Brewery

Ham & Cheese Co.

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Crown & Queue!

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The London Honey Co.

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4A Pieces

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days of the week according to the enterprise’s plans for Spa Terminus.

At present the existing occupants of the arches at the location of the site include Kernal Brewery, English Preserves, The Butchery, Ham & Cheese Co., Crown & Queue, The London Honey Co., Little Bread Pedlar, and those at the adjacent area at Voyager Business Estate on the north side of Dockley Road Industrial Estate are Fosse Meadows & Oliveology, South East Fruits, Mons Cheese w. Aubert & Mascoli, Kappa Casein, Fiveways Express, Jayne Duveen, John & Elena Veg.

There is only a Saturday market event held weekly for direct sales with customers but this will not extend to the This map has been distributed through the studio students by the tutors and was given by the current leaseholder of the arches of the viaduct.

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Dynamic Vines

VOYAGER! SE16 4RP

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Security Hut

VERY! 4RA

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ST JAMES! SE16 4RA

8 Natoora

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Aon

Tower Pizza

Neal’s Yard Dairy

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! !

NOTES GREY SHADED SPACES ARE CURRENTLY UNOCCUPIED BUT RESERVED FOR THE BUSINESS WHERE LABELLED.!

TURQUOISE SHADED UNITS ARE SHORTLY TO BECOME AVAILABLE. THESE UNITS CAN BE SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER AREAS

Spa Terminus Ltd CURRENT PLAN SCALE

NTS DATE

OCTOBER 2014 Matching Green Ltd

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The current situation of the Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

The top drawing is the southwest view of the estate (marked with red lines) in front of the viaduct. The bottom drawing is a view to the north from within the estate (marked with red lines) and the new development on the left and the viaduct on the right.

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Spa Terminus region

SPA TERMINUS

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Spa Rd

Arch 5 Voyager South

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John & Elena Fruit & Veg Co. Kase Swiss Jacob’s Ladder Farms

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Arch 2 Spa North England Preserves

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South East Fruits Arch 4 Voyager North

Friern St 1

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Aubert & Mascoli Mons Cheese

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Arch 4-6 Spa South Little Bread Pedlar Coleman Coffee Roasters

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Arch 8 Spa South Crown & Queue Meats Arch 10 Spa South The Ham & Cheese Co Arch 11 Spa South The Kernel Brewery Arch 13 Spa South The Butchery Unit 11 Dockley La Grotta Ices Southerden Unit 10 Dockley Fern Verrow Unit 6 Dockley Neal’s Yard Dairy Arch 4 Discovery South Dynamic Vines Arch 12 Discovery South The Ice Cream Union Arch 13 Discovery South Natoora

Arch 7 Spa South The London Honey Company

Spa Terminus Ltd 36 Maltby Street Bermondsey London SE1 3PA +44 20 7232 3010 www.spa-terminus.co.uk

The Dockley Road Industrial Estate itself is a combination of several different industries ranging from printing to janitorial along with the Neal’s Yard dairy products. A variety of trades are presented at this site.

Currently the occupants of the Industrial Estate (excluding the occupants of the arches of the viaduct) include the followings: Neal’s Yard dairy productions, La Grotta Ices, Southerden, Fern Verrow & Coleman Coffee, London News Distribution, Heron & Driver, Prelude Building Services, Coleman Coffee Roasters Ltd., R H B Print Finishers Ltd., Bayleaf Janitorial Supplies Ltd., and Comag.

Some of the businesses have been closed during the recent years, such as Proudman Hemm Limited, MP Diemakers Limited, Poppy’s Foods Limited.

Endole.co.uk, (2015). Companies in SE16 3SF, Dockley Road Industrial Estate, Dockley Road, London - Endole. [online] Available at: http://www.endole.co.uk/ company-by-postcode/se16-3sf [Accessed 3 May 2015].

Spa-terminus.co.uk, (2015). Map | Spa Terminus. [online] Available at: http://www.spa-terminus.co.uk/map/ [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Management, Practice and law

Spa master plan

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According to the Southwark Council documents there is currently a master plan provisioned for the Spa Terminus area (1) covering Dockley road industrial Estate and the surroundings. Some of these plans have already been started or even finished and some of them such as the plans for the site of our proposal is under progress (marked red on the above map).

At present time there is a proposal offered to Southwark Council to demolish the Dockley Road industrial Estate and make space for the construction of a residential and commercial compound with multi-storeys flat and including affordable housing with commercial space provided on the lower levels.

The last phase of the approved master plan has started in 2010 and is in progress. This master plan is to change the area and bring new life, and a livelihood neighbourhood within the new developments with creating gardens and public squares between the buildings.

Dockley Road estate (marked with red and labelled ‘N’ in the map) is also one of the future sites to undergo the demolition and redevelopment following the master plan.

Southwark.gov.uk, (2015). Bermondsey Spa masterplan | Bermondsey Spa masterplan | Southwark Council. [online] Available at: http://www.southwark. gov.uk/info/200180/bermondsey_spa/1144/bermondsey_spa_masterplan [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Procurement

Planning application and permissions

engaged and involved in the process.

The planning permissions and applications will be completed and revised thoroughly and with the consultation of a planning and permission expert the documents will be presented to Southwark Council planning committee. This proposal will be according to and following the Master Plan of Bermondsey Spa and thus has no conflict of interests with the scheme already planned for the borough.

Design Team

Client For this project the client is a combination of several groups. One is the Southwark Council , since the master plan is under progress and the design has to be approved by the scheme of the master plan. Also if the agreement is to build a public space to be used by the residents and the public the support of the local council will be significant.

The other clients are the trade owners who are allowing their current venue to be demolished and the new proposal to be built. These are the businesses which are currently occupying the arches or the other units of the industrial estate and are willing to join and participate in the construction and invest in the regeneration of the area and later be able to use the newly developed units.

In addition there are some outside businesses who are interested in having a share in the future commercial spaces and are willing to join thus be able to have a part of the soon to-be-built trade centre.

The other client is the private enterprise who is currently holding the lease of the arches of the viaduct, as having control on the viaducts they have great influence and control over the area and their support or rejection can change the plans and designs dramatically and therefore they might not be directly the client (unless they would offer their sponsorship for the project) but have to be involved and regarded as a potential client.

End user The end user of the proposal due to the nature of it consists of various groups. One end user group is the food industry including those businesses who were acting as client at the construction phase or those who have leased or acquired a unit after the completion of the plan.

Upon agreement on having the addition of residential unit on the proposal the end user will also be the general public who will have the possibility to live there, although considering the little number of residential units and the size of the flats, these will not fit in the category of affordable housing.

The target group who is one of the end users and the user which the design is focused on is the general public.

As it will be mentioned the proposal is for creating a place focused on the theme of food and to be able to attract people and gather them together. This end user is also the reason for the Southwark Council to be highly

The proposal includes many clients and users and is fairly a big project. All these requires a work done by more than one group of experts.

The teams to be involved are the architectural group, the structural engineering advisors, landscape designers and architects, material and fabrication experts, fishing experts, industrial management advisor, land surveyors, quantity surveyors, negotiators, HR managements, PR management, advertising agencies, planning and permission experts, soil and land analysis experts, climate and energy experts, health and safety advisor, food and hygiene experts, and the Council representatives.

Consultants Other bodies and organizations which would be involved are the trade union representatives, the transport and logistic experts, the national rail, and etc..

Contract The contract for this proposal considering its complexity and challenges requires the designers to be fully involved and aware of the construction. As a result the best possible contract to be used with The Joint Contracts Tribunal approach is the Design and build contract.

The Design and build contract allows the architects to act as the main contractor and then they can carefully hand-pick the suitable contractors for each task and use them efficiently under direct supervision. By this contract the design will be perfectly executed and finished.

Another possible contract, if the Design and build contract is not accepted by the clients, could be the traditional contract and the architects work as the designers and consultants and then clients have the freedom to choose their own contractor which might be the architectural designing firm as well. This might give more control to the clients but as well can reduce the efficiency and accuracy of the outcome.

Funding The funding will be partially achieved through the Southwark Council as the proposal has the value for general public and offering the residents of the area for a public square and market. The rest of the funding will be provided by the industries interested to invest and later occupy the units and expand their business to a higher level with using this new site with all its potentials.

A part of the funding will also be obtained through advanced marketing and selling of the residential or commercial units of the Ground Floor or upper levels of the proposal for those who are interested in buying the units or flats.

Tate, R. (n.d.). A Guide to Standard forms of Construction Contract. 1st ed. [ebook] SCALA and the Local Government Task Force. Available at: http://constructingexcellence.org.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2015/03/standard_forms.pdf [Accessed 3 May 2015].

Jctltd.co.uk, (2015). Design and Build. [online] Available at: http://www.jctltd.co.uk/design-and-build.aspx [Accessed 3 May 2015].

Designingbuildings.co.uk, (2015). Design and build procurement route - Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_and_build_procurement_route [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Case Studies and precedents Bastides of South France

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The Studio One study trip to south France was an inspiring adventure guiding through the phases of the design process. Visiting the Bastides and their market squares had great influence on the proposal. There are similarities between the market squares and the suggested building for Dockley Road Industrial Estate.

The proposal incorporates a roofed courtyard designed in a form of a grid with the main building shifted to a side and sets of colonnades which create a public urban area which could be used for different types of activities while people are gathered to visit the market, and for other usage if the space is not occupied.

It has to be mentioned that beside the bastides, the market squares, and the other precedents the viaduct itself had great impact on the design.

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3 1 and 2, Grenade Sur Garonne, 3 Gimont.

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Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana

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The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana in Rome was another precedent looked at and also an aspiration for using columns as part of the facade and having the building envelope set back to the rest of the building shell The grandness , simplicity and empowering characters of this building all were sources of inspiration for the proposal, and as seen in the pictures the building has certain impact on the surrounding area.

Flickr - Photo Sharing!, (2015). Civiltà in tramonto. [online] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/78867146@N04/6964775650/ [Accessed 3 May 2015].

BOOMSbeat, (2014). 35 Photos of Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana in Rome Italy. [online] Available at: http://www.boomsbeat.com/articles/9317/20141001/35-photos-of-palazzo-della-civilt%C3%A0italiana-in-rome-italy.htm [Accessed 3 May 2015].

Pinterest.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/nivekremas/architecture/ [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Civil Government Building

The other precedent used for this building is the Civil Government Building in Spain. This building is a massive construction set in a very urban area. The rectangular shape, the voids in the building and the layout were all influential on the final design of the proposal as well as assuring that it is possible to create a large scale public building in a dense urban area.

Another element of interest from this building was the form and shape of the windows as they vary almost each one from the other.

Bluffton.edu, (2015). Civil Government Building by Alejandro de la Sota in Tarragona, Spain. [online] Available at: https://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/spain/tarragona/delasota/civil.html [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Chiswick House Cafe

The simple, effective and elegant design of the Chiswick House Cafe was also used as a precedent for both the main proposal and its adjacent building (which was omitted from the proposal through the design process).

This little building has well used the space and simply by adding a roofed section to the sides of the building used by public, it has created a connection of indoor and outdoor spaces.

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Design Development

Mass modelling

The mass modelling of the proposal in order to understand the flaws of the design and achieve a better understanding of the proposal within the context.

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Alterations of the structural elements and their appearance and enhancing some features, while reducing some others, were part of the improvements applied through the design development.

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Early proposal drawings Unapproved proposal

The initial proposal consisted of a market hall on the ground floor with a mezzanine floor inside covering some parts of the ground floor, and the first floor as an exhibition hall, the upper parts were commercial or residential.

There was a suggestion of a small cafe adjacent to the building (the lower row of drawings) which later on was omitted due to the expansion of the main building in the next series of designs.

1:200 @ A2 Left to Right: West elevation, South elevation and Elevation

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The approved design

1:500 @ A2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN AND ENTRANCE CONFIGURATION IN CONTEXT

1:500 @ A2 BUILDING IN CONTEXT

In the future design progress the building will be as shown in the above drawings. It will sit well within the context and has various connections to the surrounding. A few to mention are the mass which is a connection to the great and tremendous space that the viaduct occupies over the city of London, the arches both on the Ground floor and on the openings on the facade of the upper floors, the height which is

a connection to the tall structures around the building shown earlier, from The Shard at the far North to the new developments next to it, or St Jame’s church on the other side of the viaduct, the modern design which is a representation of modernity brought to the area, and usage of brick which ties the building to the history of the site and the previous structure familiar to the eyes of the locals.

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Professional context

Site plan

0

5

10

15

A 1:2000 site map of the site for the proposal, marked with red line. Note that the site extends from Dockley Road Industrial Estate over Spa Road to the adjacent Business Estate.

20

25

30

35

40

45

50 m

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Dockley Road Industrial Estate is located at Southeast London (SE16 3SF) and is between Dockley Road, Rouel Road and Enid Street, and separated from the adjacent business estate on its northwest by Spa Road. It is also limited to the viaduct of National Rail and the arches underneath, on the east border.

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Building regulations

Access to and use of Buildings Means of access

Basement (car park) and Ground Floor Plan In accordance to document M step free access to the ground floor from either side has been provided and designed with proper width and radius to facilitate the entrance/exit of a wheelchair with or without assistance.

As part as document M also there is a designated access route to the upper floors (floors 1 to 8) from the Ground floor.

The access to the Ground and upper floors is shared if entry is made from the basement by vehicle, since both residents and visitors will use the car park facility.

Access to the building with vehicle Separate access to the upper floors Access to the Ground floor

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) TOP: BASEMENT (CAR PARK AREA) PLAN BOTTOM: GROUND FLOOR (MARKET AREA) PLAN

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Upper Floors Plans (floors 1 to 6) As part of document M step free access at each floor (both residential level and commercial level) with suitable free space for easy access and manoeuvre with wheelchair has been provided.

The access to the floors is achievable through both the cargo lift and the passenger lift and fire exit stair case is accessible as an alternative route.

Access in the upper floors

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) UPPER FLOOR PLANS TOP: RESIDENTIAL PLAN BOTTOM: COMMERCIAL / OFFICE PLAN

36

Exhibition hall plan (top: upper level, bottom: entry level) Access to the exhibition hall levels following guidelines of document M has been made through different routes.

Access to the entry level of the exhibition hall is achievable by the step free access through the routes mentioned on the previous levels. A step free access with required width has been considered.

To access the upper storey of the exhibition hall is possible by the means of the cargo lift which will continue to the top storey (the passenger lift will terminate at the entry level of the hall), or by the wide U shaped staircase provided.

Access in the upper floors

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) EXHIBITION HALL PLANS TOP: UPPER FLOOR PLAN BOTTOM: LOWER FLOOR PLAN

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Lifts and stairs

Basement (car park) and Ground Floor Plan Following instructions of document M for lifts and staircases, from the basement to the top there is one staircase (indicated in red), one passenger lift (shown by blue) and one cargo lift (marked in green).

Except from the staircase and the passenger lift which will end at the lower level of the exhibition hall (the highest part of the building) the cargo lift extends to the last floor.

The same layout has been applied to the ground floor with the difference that there has been an extra staircase (highlighted in yellow) provided to reach the upper floors.

This secondary staircase terminates at the 6th floor and does not reach the highest levels of exhibition hall.

It should be noted that these staircases are fire escapes and thus are structured according to the fire safety regulations of document B. For security reasons also the secondary staircase is only a fire escape route and thus upward access is prohibited with all the doors opening inward into the staircase on the upper floors and open outward on the Ground Floor level.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) TOP: BASEMENT (CAR PARK AREA) PLAN BOTTOM: GROUND FLOOR (MARKET AREA) PLAN

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Upper Floors Plans (floors 1 to 6) Similar to the Ground floor, considering document M, there are several means of access to the floors 1 to 6 of the proposal.

Each floor is accessible through two separate staircases, one passenger lift and one cargo lift. The secondary staircase (marked in yellow) however is a fire escape and not a public route, thus can not be used for daily access to the floors.

This staircase has direct entry to inside of each level and therefore special security measurements have to be considered and only one way doors will be fitted at their entry/exit point, in order to prevent unauthorized access to the levels.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) UPPER FLOOR PLANS TOP: RESIDENTIAL PLAN BOTTOM: COMMERCIAL / OFFICE PLAN

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Exhibition hall plan (top: upper level, bottom: entry level) The lifts and stairs provided for the last two floors are slightly different from the rest of the building.

Access to the lower floor of this section of the building is through the main staircase mentioned earlier (coloured red) or via the two lifts (either passenger lift, blue, or cargo lift, green).

Access to the last floor is made by the U shape stair case turning around the cargo lift and ending at the upper floor, or it is possible to reach the last level by the cargo lift.

As mentioned, neither the main staircase, nor the passenger lift extend to this level.

The cargo lift extends to the highest floor while the passenger lift terminates at this level.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) EXHIBITION HALL PLANS TOP: UPPER FLOOR PLAN BOTTOM: LOWER FLOOR PLAN

40

Toilets (Male, Female and Disabled)

Basement level (car park area)

Market floor

At the basement level where the car park is located, toilets for male (green), female (pink) and disabled people (blue) has been considered. According to document M the following has been applied.

At the Ground floor where the market space will be placed, according to document M one female toilet (pink), one male (green) and one disabled toilet (blue) has been envisioned. Following the guidelines the units are as explained.

Male toilets: 1 cubicle, 2 urinals, 2 wash basins.

Female toilets: 2 cubicles, 2 wash basins.

Disabled toilet: self sufficient.

Male toilets: 2 cubicles, 2 urinals, 2 wash basins Female toilet: 3 cubicles, 2 wash basins Disabled toilet: self sufficient 1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) TOP: BASEMENT (CAR PARK AREA) PLAN BOTTOM: GROUND FLOOR (MARKET AREA) PLAN

41

Upper Floors Plans (floors 1 to 6) On floors 1 to 6 depending of the purpose of the level (residential or commercial) the arrangement of the toilets will differentiate to comply with document M. On the commercial plan for each level toilets for each gender (male: green, female: pink) has been allocated. One disabled accessible toilet (blue) has also been recognized.

On this level the toilets detail are as following Male: 1 cubicle, 2 urinals, 2 wash basins.

Female: 2 cubicles, 2 wash basins.

Disabled: self sufficient

On the residential floors however, according to document M, as there was no need for gender specific facilities, the toilets (marked in yellow) each include one toilet, one wash basin and one bath tub. On each residential floor there are 4 toilets (2 in each flat, which one is located in the master bedroom).

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) UPPER FLOOR PLANS TOP: RESIDENTIAL PLAN BOTTOM: COMMERCIAL / OFFICE PLAN

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Exhibition hall Top: upper level, Bottom, entrance level) At this level, being a semi-Public space and considering the purpose of these two floors, with regards to document M, one male toilet (green), one female toilet (pink) and one disabled toilet (blue) has been considered. All these facilities are on the lower level of this two storey section of the building.

The details of the facilities are: Male toilet: 1 cubicle, 2 urinals, 2 wash basins.

Female toilet: 2 cubicles, 2 wash basins Disabled toilet: self sufficient.

However, on the last floor (upper floor of the exhibition hall) there are no toilets. This is due to the fact that the level is designed only for showcasing the exhibits and thus having a wet area and toilets at this part may jeopardise the safe keeping of the exhibits.

As there are both stairs and a goods lift, thus the toilets in the lower floor are accessible without difficulty.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) EXHIBITION HALL PLANS TOP: UPPER FLOOR PLAN BOTTOM: LOWER FLOOR PLAN

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Fire safety

Basement (car park) and Ground Floor Plan With consideration to the document B on the basement there are two separate outlets for emergency exit in case of fire.

The first exit is the staircase starting from the basement and extended to the exhibition hall. From the car park access to the ground level directly to the entrance lobby of the ground floor is possible.

The next exit of the basement is close to the car entrance area and is a step free ramp which directly opens to the outside area.

On the ground floor the two main entrances will be used as escape routes in case of fire and also there is an extra fire exit opening into the lobby of the Ground floor which leads directly to the outside area.

The secondary fire escape from the upper levels of floors 1 to 6 (shown in green) also opens to the Ground floor and from there the provided exits will be used.

It should be noted that according to building regulations the car park fire escape should not have direct access to the residential part of the building A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) and thus the secondary fire escape (shown1:200 in@green) does not extend to the level below the ground.

TOP: BASEMENT (CAR PARK AREA) PLAN BOTTOM: GROUND FLOOR (MARKET AREA) PLAN

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Upper Floors Plans (floors 1 to 6) On floors 1 to 6 two in accordance to document B, separate fire escapes have been provided.

Depending on the final plan of the level (residential or commercial) the access to these fire escapes might slightly differ as seen on the plans.

The main fire escape (in red) extends from the basement to the exhibition hall and connects all the levels to the Ground Floor. Direct access to this stair case on each floor is possible through the entrance lobby of the floor.

The secondary escape (in green) which only extends from the ground floor to the 6th floor, provides an alternative route for the residents in case of emergency.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) UPPER FLOOR PLANS TOP: RESIDENTIAL PLAN BOTTOM: COMMERCIAL / OFFICE PLAN

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Exhibition hall plan (top: upper level, bottom: entry level) Fire safety regulations of document B have been applied to the exhibition hall level. The lower storey of the exhibition hall has access to the main fire escape (in red) which extends from the basement to the lower level of the exhibition hall.

the exhibition hall. This requires further analysis and investigation and cost evaluations. Installing a ramp for wheelchair along the staircase between the two levels of the hall might be another possibility.

Access from the upper level of the exhibition hall to the fire exit is possible through the wide staircase connecting the two levels and then through the fire escape of the lower level of the hall as mentioned before.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY)

There has been a controversy on extending the main fire escape stair case to the upper level of

EXHIBITION HALL PLANS TOP: UPPER FLOOR PLAN BOTTOM: LOWER FLOOR PLAN

46

Ventilation

For the purpose of ventilation following document F the cores of the fire escape stair cases and the shafts of the two lifts will be used as ventilation channels.

Not only the concrete structure will act as a thermal mass but also having this duct from the basement (or Ground floor) extending to the top of the building, it creates a ventilation passage for the building.

Placing openings in this core will allow the movement of the air in and out according to the temperature.

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Protection from falling, collisions and impact

1200 mm

300 mm

1100 mm

1175 mm

900 mm

190 mm

4000 mm 20 mm

300 mm

Considering document K in the proposal several different measurements have been applied.

The rise of each stair is 190 mm with a going of 300 mm, and the overlap of 20 mm has been considered.

The handrail will be fixed at a level of 900 mm above the stairs and considering the width of the staircase (which is more than 1000 mm) on each side hand rails will be fixed, The headroom is 4000 mm (which is more than the 2000 mm required by document K) and the distance between the door and the first step is more than the

required 400 mm according to document K. The landing is 1100 mm which is approximately the width of the stairs .

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Environment, Services, Energy and Sustainability

Material Walls

The material to be used for the structure will be mainly reinforced concrete due to the height and large spans used in the design. Also considering the vibrations from the viaduct, and the area the ground floor will cover a concrete frame grid will be used for the weight-bearing structure.

The walls will be masonry and the bricks used here are those re-used from the demolition of the existing masonry buildings of the site. Upon demolition the bricks will be collected and then re-used.

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Faรงade

The facade consists of two parts, the exposed structure and the arched openings. The structure will be built by insitu reinforced concrete as the large spans of the arches, the long roof, the colonnades and the tower above, require a strong and steady structure. This is more important as the building is close to the viaduct and constant vibration is unavoidable.

The arched openings will be precast prefabricated concrete because having the narrow and long sides will interfere with the pouring and settling of the concrete if it is done insitu. These will be built outside and then installed on the facade.

The walls as mentioned earlier will be built with red bricks which remain from the demolition of the existing buildings. The combination of red brick and concrete if used properly can create a pleasant and warm environment.

The images on the right are examples of the exposed concrete columns which stand before the real building envelope as a shell.

The lower picture is an illustration of the proper harmony achieved between warm red brick and cold grey concrete together.

Architectureserved.com, (2015). Environmental Research Institute UCC on Architecture Served. [online] Available at: http://www.architectureserved.com/ gallery/950196/Environmental-Research-Institute-UCC [Accessed 10 May 2015].

Uic.edu, (2015). University Hall. [online] Available at: http://www.uic.edu/depts/oaa/walkingtour/8uh.html [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Trendir Modern House Designs, (2015). Ogrydziak Prillinger Architecture of Concrete, Brick and Glass. [online] Available at: http://www.trendir.com/house-design/ogrydziak-prillinger-architecture-ofconcrete-brick-and-glass.html [Accessed 11 May 2015].

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Interior

The interior walls of the Ground floor and the envelope of the building on the upper floors will also be constructed with red brick.

In cases were hygiene is concerned, or for any specific reason brick is not appropriate, dry wall or gypsum will be substituted. The usage of red brick enhances the visual aesthetics and is easy on the eyes.

Also considering the mass of the building which is concrete, using red brick will provide some visual comfort and reduce the heaviness of the structure and possibly lighten the design.

Frearson, A. (2015). Wangstudio’s F Coffee is a Vietnam cafe built with brick arches. [online] Dezeen. Available at: http://www.dezeen.com/2015/03/13/ wangstudio-f-coffee-cafe-vietnam-brick-arches/ [Accessed 3 May 2015].

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Landscaping

Considering the building ground floor (the skirt of the building) is covering most of the space on the site, and the tall tower above, the approach in landscaping will be providing space to the public for outdoor activity and to reduce the pressure and intensity of a huge building on the area.

By leaving empty spaces around the ground floor the design will smoothly integrate with the surrounding and it will avoid the feeling of oppression by the building on the area, especially as the viaduct with its great impact has already created a dramatical influence.

Boyd, B. (2011). Martha Schwartz Interview via ASLA’s The Dirt. [online] Landscape Invocation. Available at: http://landscapeinvocation.com/marthaschwartz-interview-via-aslas-the-dirt/ [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Pinterest.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/amandacamaraa/urbanismo/ [Accessed 11 May 2015].

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Vertical connection and clustering

A In both residential (A) and commercial (B) plans the main services (shown in red) are positioned vertically above each other and in the same area and creating a sequence resulting in less usage of plumbing and pipelines for the surface used.

In floors which more than one service location has been necessary (where there are two individual flats on each level, residential series, plans (A) in the picture above) it is tried to put the service area as close as possible and creating a cluster at one section (marked blue, and green).

B In this way the scattering of service area around the total floor area has been greatly prevented.

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Solar exposure and partial insulation

1

2

3

4

1- nothwest facade 2- southwest facade 3- aerial view of the southwest corner of the building showing the gap between the frame structure and the building facade 4- southeast facade 5- southwest elevation

The pictures above are a representation of one floor of the proposal. This sliced section will be repeated vertically and thus the same situation applies to the rest of the floors (floors 1 to 6).

The faรงade of the building on the southeast and southwest sides has been set back against the concrete frame structure. There are sets of arched shaped openings installed on the concrete framework which act as shades for the windows.

As seen on the above pictures due to the gap between the building and the facade and the use of the arched openings most of the faรงade which is exposed to extreme sunshine (the faรงades facing towards south) are protected and in shade.

However to optimize the use of natural sunlight, the are large windows installed for places such as bedrooms, dining area and living area of the residential flats,

5

and the conference rooms, meeting area, kitchens and work spaces of the commercial spaces, while the openings for toilets, wash rooms, staircases, and etc. which do not require abundant sunlight have been designed as multiple but narrow openings with a shorter length.

The provided gap between the building and the facade also provides some degree of insulation since it is closed at the bottom (the rooftop of the Ground floor) and above (the building roof) and in front is partially covered by the arched openings.

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Energy usage and solar gain

N

N

The building layout and design allows for maximised use of daylight and sunlight. The windows of the Ground floor are all almost floor-to-ceiling and full length windows which allow for efficient use of natural light while the roof of the Ground floor on the southern side with the extension over the actual building, provides shade to eliminate the direct sunlight and heat gain.

On the upper floors where necessary, such as bedrooms or dinning areas, large windows have been placed to facilitate the natural light entrance while in places such as stairways, toilets, bathrooms or similar, shorter or narrower windows have been placed. On the upper

floors on the south side the design of the facade with the setting back of the building and the arched openings on the facade will prevent direct sunshine into the building to avoid excessive heat gain.

The area which will benefit from the shade as a result of the design has been coloured grey while an illustration of the openings are highlighted with yellow.

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Artificial lighting, reduced demand and energy saving

1

2

3

4

1- maximising the daylight usage by large windows, and use of direct and local lighting with LED light bulbs or Energy Saving CFL (Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb).

2- maximising sunlight usage by open spaces around the structure, while reducing the heat by the roofed courtyard and covered area.

3- using direct and local lighting with LED lights, and application of energy efficient light bulbs or Energy

Saving CFL (Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb), if the space requires enhanced lighting.

4- using energy efficient light bulbs or Energy Saving CFL (Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb) if local lighting is not possible, and using internal windows to reduce the need for artificial lighting in closed inner spaces.

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Sun path and shadow study

4

1

5

2

6

3

7

1 January 9 am (1), 12 pm (2), 3 pm (3)

1 April 7 am (4), 10 am (5), 2 pm (6), 5 pm (7)

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1

3

2

4

5

6

7

8

1 July 6 am (1), 9 am (2), 2 pm (3), 4 pm (4)

1 October 7 am (5), 10 am (6), 1 pm (7), 5 pm (8)

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Structure, construction and materials

Structure Foundation and substructure

The proposal is a reinforced concrete building which is constructed as an interlocking grid, with the pile foundation which is built under the basement of the structure.

The parts of the building outside of the tower, which fall out of the ground floor have a foundation with piles with a shorter length as they only have to hold the weight of the roof above the area.

The above drawings show (only) the structure which is under the ground level which includes the basement (the car park) and the actual foundation beneath it, and the parts of the foundation which only will be holding the columns which carry the weight of extended roof structure.

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Over the ground structure

The structure above the ground is a continuation of the columns from the basement and with the support of three cores which will stabilize the building against tension caused by wind or any twist in the building.

These cores are the fire escape staircase at the east side of the building, the 2 elevator shafts for goods and passenger lift, and the secondary fire escape staircase at the west side of the building.

These elements could be seen in the drawings above, which are from below the structure looking upward.

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The complete structure

The complete structure of the building is shown in these four drawings.

The core foundation of the whole stricture which is responsible for the load of the building is shown in light blue while the pillars which only hold the roof outside of the ground floor are indicated in light yellow.

The 3 cores which hold the structure against twist and tension are presented in three shades or red which can be seen below.

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Wall and facade structure

The exterior wall and faรงade has a few main components without considering the finishes and the details.

Glass panel

Window frame

The concrete slabs and beams which hold the structure and are floored with concrete as part of the structure.

Above this is the external wall which sits back from the concrete framing for 1000 mm on the south side faรงades.

Arched openings on Faรงade Concrete floor and the brick wall

in-situ concrete frame structure

On the concrete frame there are arched like openings placed in various distances.

On the wall the large wooden framed windows are placed which are then fitted with large double glazing glass.

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Architectural drawings

Plans and section Basement and Ground floor (1:500)

1 2

3 45 67 8 9

10

1

11

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12 Potential spaces for trade and commerce in the market

Car park (basement): 1- ramp access to car park 2- fire exit with ramp access to external space 3- male toilets 4- female toilets 5- fire escape 6- disabled toilet 7- goods lift

Ground Floor: 8- passenger lift 9- bike lock rack 10,11 - disabled parking space

1, 11- market entrance/exit 2- disabled toilet 3- male toilets 4- female toilets 5- fire escape 6- fire exit 7- goods lift 8- passenger lift

9- cold storage area 10- storage space 11,1- market entrance/exit 12- secondary fire escape

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Floors 1 to 6 Residential/Commercial plans (1:500)

Commercial plan: 1- ground floor roof 2- fire escape 3- female toilets 4- male toilets 5- disabled toilet 6- entrance lobby 7- goods lift 8- passenger lift

Residential plan: 9- conference area 10- meeting space 11- market space sky lights 12- office space 13- secondary fire escape 14- lobby 15- personnel refreshment space

1- service duct 2- laundry area 3- toilet 4- fire escape 5- entrance lobby 6- goods lift 7- passenger lift 8- dining area

9- toilet 10- master bedroom toilet 11- master bedroom 12- kitchen 13- living room 14- bedroom 15- secondary fire escape

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Exhibition hall plan (1:500)

1

1

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8

10

11 12

11 12

Exhibition hall (Upper and Lower floors) 1- ground floor roof 2- female toilets 3- fire escape 4- male toilets 5- disabled toilet 6- service duct 7- entrance lobby

8- goods lift 9- passenger lift 10- stairs (to upper level) 11- exhibition area 12- second roof top

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Section (Not to scale)

14

13 1

2

12

3

11

4

5

6

The following parts are indicated in the section: (The section is through the secondary fire escape marked with light brown)

7

1- the staircase connecting the lower and upper levels of the exhibition hall 2- the section through a residential floor 3- the section through a commercial floor 4- the entrance lobby to the upper floors

8

9

5- the passenger lift 6- the goods lift 7- the entrance/exit to the Ground Floor 8- the foundation piles 9- the basement (car park) 10- the outdoor colonnade space 11- the large windows of

10

the Ground Floor 12- the secondary fire escape 13- the lower level of the exhibition hall 14- the upper level of the exhibition hall

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Spacial illustration

The illustration above is a representation of the spaces on the Ground Floor. A spacial configuration of the market with stores and equipments.

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Circulations and habitation Basement and Ground Floor

Upper diagram: The course of the entering of a vehicle (indicated in red dashed line), its stopping in a parking bay, and the exit (green dashed line) is shown on the car park plan. In addition the path that a possible passenger might take after leaving the vehicle to enter either the market area (Ground Floor) or the upper floors has been indicated (coloured in blue). It should be noted that from the basement the entry to the Ground floor and the Upper floors will be the same.

Lower diagram: The purple dashed line shows the path that a visitor might possibly take when entered the Ground Floor. To clarify and avoid confusion it must be mentioned the horizontal wall-like structures between the columns at the central walkway are not walls but impressions of the arched like ornaments added between the columns at the ceiling

level shown on the floor, which are illustrated on the 3D presentation of the Ground floor previously.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) TOP: BASEMENT (CAR PARK AREA) PLAN BOTTOM: GROUND FLOOR (MARKET AREA) PLAN

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Upper Floors Floors 1 to 6

Upper diagram: The circulation of a resident of either flats on a residential level has been illustrated (indicated in green for one flat and blue for the other). this is a possible movement within the area.

The path through to the fire escape from either sides has also been shown on both flats (marked in red), which ultimately will end up at the same place.

Lower diagram: 1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY)

On the lower drawing the possible path taken by an employee in the commercial level (the offices or workshops) has been shown (marked in yellow) as a suggestion of the real condition. The way to the fire escape in case of any incident, also has been added (in red) to the circulation.

UPPER FLOOR PLANS TOP: RESIDENTIAL PLAN BOTTOM: COMMERCIAL / OFFICE PLAN

69

Exhibition hall level Upper and lower floors

IURP WKH ORZHU ÁRRU

WR WKH XSSHU ÁRRU

Upper diagram: Exhibition hall: upper floor This diagram is an illustration of the circulation of a visitor on the way from the lower floor to the upper storey, and the possible movements around the area.

Lower diagram: Exhibition hall: lower floor This diagram is a representation of the paths taken by a visitor upon entering the space and moving around as well as the path leading to the upper floor should the visitor take the stairs instead of the goods lift.

1:200 @ A2 (INDIVIDUALLY) EXHIBITION HALL PLANS TOP: UPPER FLOOR PLAN BOTTOM: LOWER FLOOR PLAN

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Proposal in context

71

72

Faรงades

73

Sections and details Overview

The approximate location of the second section

The approximate location of the third section

The approximate location of the first section

Original Drawing 1:200 @ A1

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Ground Floor window

1 2 9

3

10

4

11

5

12

6 7

8

13

8

14

The detail shown here is for the windows on the Ground Floor at the market space (not on the floors 1 to 6 of the tower) where the brick walls are set within the concrete frame structure and fixed large windows are placed on the brick walls with timber frame.

Window and wall construction details 1:5 1- Air cavity 2- Thermal Insulation in Cavity 3- Outer Brick Wall 4- Pressed Steel Lintel 5- Cavity Closer 6- Drainage Groove 7- Seal Watts, A. (2001). Modern construction handbook. Wien [Austria]: Springer.

8- Timber Framed Window 9- Internal Plaster/Dry Wall 10- Inner Brick Wall 11- Inner Pre-cast Concrete Lintel 12- Reinforcement 13- Double Glazed Window 14- Timber Inner Cill

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Floor and window details

1

2

12

3

13 14

4

15 16

5

17

6 7

18

8

9

19

10 11

13

2

12

1

Floor and window construction details 1:5 1- Double Glazing Window 2- Inner Brick Layer 3- Parquet 4- Underfloor Heating 5- Cement Screen 6- Steel Frame 7- Lightweight Concrete 8- Gutter To Main Drainage Pipe 9- Concrete (Exposed On The Outside) 10- Thermal Insulation The details shown here are from the 6th floor ceiling where above that the 7th floor (the exhibition hall) covers a smaller space and thus parts of the rooftop are exposed and are outside area, hence the placement of the gutters beneath the window and further away.

DETAIL review of Architecture, Roofs, Vol 1, 2015

11- Internal Plaster 12- Outer Brick Layer 13- Wooden Frame 14- Cement Board 15- Grit 16- Stainless Steel Gutter 17- Vapour Barrier 18- Gutter Connection To Outside Drain 19- Seal

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1

Concrete slab details

2

3

6

7 8

9

10

11 4

5 12

13

The concrete slabs construction details 1:5 1- Outer Brick Layer 2- Thermal Insulation 3- Air Cavity 4- Cold Bridge Barrier 5- Soft Joint 6- Parquet

7- Cement Screen 8- Under Floor Heating 9- Vapour Barrier 10- Thermal Insulation Board 11- Concrete Slab (Exposed In The Exterior) 12- Inner Brick Layer 13- Internal Plater/Dry Wall

The cold bridge caused by the concrete slab extending from interior to the exterior is prevented by the structure shown here. The Schock Isokorb with its components eliminates the exterior cold to enter the interior of the building through the slabs. This structure is laid in the concrete prior to it being poured in the casts.

Schoeck.co.uk, (2012). Download - Schöck Ltd. [online] Available at: http://www.schoeck.co.uk/en_gb/download-uk/isokorb--12 [Accessed 6 May 2015].

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Bibliography

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