A Multimedia Course in the Catholic Faith Based on the Catechism of the Catholic Church
_________________________________________
PARTICIPANT’S BOOK A Written Summary of the Teaching Content of the EVANGELIUM Presentations
CREED
SACRA MENTS
MORALS
PRAYER
Fr Marcus Holden MA (Oxon), STL Archdiocese of Southwark
Fr Andrew Pinsent MA (Oxon), DPhil, STB, PhL, PhD Diocese of Arundel and Brighton
Catholic Truth Society
Nihil obstat: Father Anton Cowan, Censor. Imprimatur: Rt Rev. Alan Hopes,VG, Auxiliary Bishop in Westminster, Westminster, 3rd July 2006, Feast of St Thomas, Apostle. The Nihil obstat and Imprimatur are a declaration that a book or pamphlet is considered to be free from doctrinal or moral error. It is not implied that those who have granted the Nihil obstat and Imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions or statements expressed.
Acknowledgements The authors extend their thanks to the Catholic Truth Society, especially the members of the editorial board and staff who encouraged the development of EVANGELIUM from a catechetical course delivered at the Venerable English College in Rome to a published product: the Rt Rev. Paul Hendricks, Mr Fergal Martin, Fr Peter Edwards, Ms Glynn Johnson, Mr Pierpaolo Finaldi, Mr Richard Brown and Mr Stephen Campbell. They also thank the professors of the Pontifical Gregorian University, in particular Fr Kevin Flannery SJ, Emeritus Dean of Philosophy, and Fr Joseph Carola SJ, Professor of Patristic Theology, for their detailed reviews of the theological and philosophical content. They express their gratitude to Fr Michel Remery, Fr Bruno Witchalls, Fr John Flynn, Fr Christopher Miller, Fr James Mackay, Fr David Charters, Mr Neil Brett, and the members of the ‘Bellarmine Project’ for their reviews and suggestions. The authors also acknowledge those who have encouraged, promoted and co-operated on this project in a multitude of ways, including the Most Rev. Raymond Burke, Fr Tim Finigan, Fr Mark Vickers, Fr Nicholas Schofield, Fr Richard Whinder, Fr Richard Biggerstaff, Fr Stephen Langridge and Prof. Eleonore Stump. The authors also thank their parents, John and Irene Holden and Charles and Teresa Pinsent, for their on-going moral support, prayers and advice.
Evangelium – Participant’s Book: All rights reserved. First published 2006 by the Incorporated Catholic Truth Society, 40-46 Harleyford Road, London SE11 5AY. Tel: 020 7640 0042; Fax: 020 7640 0046; www.cts-online.org.uk. This edition published 2009 copyright © 2009 Marcus Holden and Andrew Pinsent. ISBN: 978 1 86082 393 0
(CTS Code EV1)
Other Evangelium Resources Evangelium Presenter’s Guide, ISBN 978 1 86082 394 7; CTS Code EV2; Published 2006, revised 2009 Evangelium CDRom, CTS Code EV3; Published 2006, revised 2009 The publisher acknowledges permission to reproduce the following:- Cover: The Holy Trinity, 1420s (tempera on panel) by Andrei Rublev (c.1370-1430) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia/Bridgeman, Baptism of Christ 1450s (tempera on panel) by Piero della Francesca, (c.1415-92) National Gallery, London, UK/Bridgeman, Moses with the Tablets of the Law (oil on canvas) by Guido Reni (15751642) Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy Lauros/Giraudon, The Virgin in Prayer, 1640-50 (oil on canvas) by Il Sassoferrato (Giovanni Battista Salvi) (1609-85) National Gallery, London, UK/Bridgeman. Pg v: Baptism of Christ 1450s (tempera on panel) by Piero della Francesca, (c.1415-92) National Gallery, London, UK/Bridgeman. Pg vi: Mary Magdalen Reading, courtesy of the trustees of the National Gallery. Pg 1: School of Athens, from the Stanza della Segnatura, 1510-11 (fresco), Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520)/Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 2: Sistine Chapel Ceiling (1508-12): The Creation of Adam, 1511-12 (fresco) (post restoration), Buonarroti, Michelangelo (1475-1564)/Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 3: Expulsion from Paradise (oil on panel), Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia, (1403-83)/Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 4: Detail from Expulsion from Paradise (oil on panel), Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia, (1403-83)/Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library, Garden of Eden by Jacob de Backer, Groeningen Museum, Madonna and Child with a Serpent, 1605 (oil on canvas), Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (1571-1610)/Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 5: The Sacrifice of Isaac, 1603 (oil on canvas), Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (1571-1610)/Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 6: The Crossing of the Red Sea, from the Sistine Chapel (fresco) (b/w photo), Rosselli, Cosimo (1439-1507)/Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 7: The Annunciation (Cortona Altarpiece), c.1438 (tempera on panel), Angelico, Fra (Guido di Pietro) (c.1387-1455)/Museo Diocesano, Cortona, italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 8: The Nativity by Petrus Christus/ Natinal Gallery of Art, USA. Pg 9: The Entry into Jerusalem, c.1305 (fresco), Giotto di Bondone (c.1266-1337)/Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 10: The Calling of St. Matthew, c.1598-1601 (oil on panel), Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (1571-1610)/Contarelli Chapel, S. Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 11: The Crucifixion (fresco), Giotto di Bondone (c.1266-1337)/San Francesco, Lower Church, Assisi, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 12: The Resurrection, c.1463 (fresco), Francesca, Piero della, (c.1415-92)/Pinacoteca, Sansepolcro, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 13: The Holy Trinity with St. John the Baptist, Mary Magdalene, Tobias and the Angel, c.1490-95 (tempera on panel), Botticelli, Sandro (1444/5-1510)/© Samuel Courtauld Trust, Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 14: The Holy Trinity, 1420s (tempera on panel) by Andrei Rublev (c.1370-1430) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia/Bridgeman. Pg 15: Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, from the Sistine Chapel, 1481 (fresco), Perugino, Pietro (c.1445-1523)/Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 16: The San Marco Altarpiece, c.1438-40 (tempera on panel), Angelico, Fra (Guido di Pietro) (c.1387-1455)/Museo di San Marco dell'Angelico, Florence, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 17: St. Matthew and the Angel, 1602 (panel), Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (1571-1610)/San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 19: The Coronation of the Virgin, completed 1453 (oil on panel), Quarton, Enguerrand (c.1410-66)/Villeneuve-les-Avignon (Hospice), Anjou, France, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 20: Tabletop of the Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things (oil on panel), Bosch, Hieronymus (c.1450-1516)/Prado, Madrid, Spain, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 21: Baptism of Christ 1450s (tempera on panel) by Piero della Francesca, (c.1415-92) National Gallery, London, UK/Bridgeman. Pg 22: Communion of the Apostles, 1451-53 (tempera on panel), Angelico, Fra (Guido di Pietro) (c.1387-1455)/Museo di San Marco dell'Angelico, Florence, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 23: Episodes from the Life of St. Augustine, 1463-65 (fresco), Gozzoli, Benozzo di Lese di Sandro (1420-97)/Sant' Agostino, San Gimignano, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 24: Pentecost by Duccio di Buoninsegna © Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana, Siena, Italy/Archivio Scala. Pg 25: The Altarpiece of the Seven Sacraments, c.1445-50 (oil on panel), Weyden, Rogier van der (1399-1464)/Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp, Belgium, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 26: The Last Supper or, The Communion of the Apostles, 1474 (oil on panel), Joos van Gent (Joos van Wassenhove) (fl.1460-75)/Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library, The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece, detail of Angels Adoring the Mystic Lamb, 1432 (tempera on panel), Eyck, Hubert (c.1370-1426) & Jan van (1390-1441)/St. Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 27: Return of the Prodigal Son, c.1668-69 (oil on canvas), Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606-69)/Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 28: St. Peter healing a cripple, and the raising of Tabitha, c.1427 (fresco), Masolino da Panicale, Tommaso (1383c.1447)/Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 29: The Marriage Feast at Cana, c.1305 (fresco), Giotto di Bondone (c.1266-1337)/Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 30: The Ordination of St Lawrence by Fra Angelico © Musei Vaticani. Pg 31: Sistine Chapel Ceiling: The Fall of Man and the Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, with four Ignudi, 1510 (fresco) (pre-restoration), Buonarroti, Michelangelo (1475-1564)/Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 32: The Temptation of Christ by Duccio di Buoninsegna © the Frick Collection NY USA. Pg 33: Moses with the Tablets of the Law (oil on canvas) by Guido Reni (1575-1642) Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy Lauros/Giraudon. Pg 35: St. Peter Baptising the Neophytes, c.1427 (fresco), Masaccio, Tommaso (1401-28)/Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 37: The Virtues c.1305 (fresco), Giotto di Bondone (c.1266-1337)/Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 38: Tabletop of the Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things (oil on panel), Bosch, Hieronymus (c.1450-1516)/Prado, Madrid, Spain, Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 39: Christ Carrying His Cross by Sir Stanley Spencer © Tate, London 2006. Pg 41: The Virgin in Prayer, 1640-50 (oil on canvas) by Il Sassoferrato (Giovanni Battista Salvi) (1609-85) National Gallery, London, UK/Bridgeman. Pg 42: The Mocking of Christ with the Virgin and St. Dominic, 1442 (fresco), Angelico, Fra (Guido di Pietro) (c.1387-1455)/Church of San Marco, Florence, Italy,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 43: Maesta: eleven scenes from the Passion, 1308-11 (tempera on panel), Duccio di Buoninsegna, (c.1278-1318)/Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 44: Agony in the Garden, Bellini, Giovanni (c.14301516)/National Gallery, London, UK,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 45: The Last Supper, from the Arte della Lana Altarpiece, c.1426 (oil on panel), Sassetta (Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo) (c.13921450)/Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena, Italy, Alinari/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 47: The Light of the World, c.1851-53, Hunt, William Holman (1827-1910)/Keble College, Oxford, UK,/The Bridgeman Art Library. Pg 49: Mary Magdalen Reading, courtesy of the trustees of the National Gallery. Pg 50: Richard II Presented to the Virgin and Child by his Patron Saint John the Baptist and Saints Edward and Edmund, c.1395-99 (egg on panel), Master of the Wilton Diptych, (fl.c.1395-99)/National Gallery, London, UK,/The Bridgeman Art Library. (For those images where identifying copyright has been unsuccessful, the publisher would be grateful for information to trace copyright ownership).
ii
Contents
CREED
SACRAMENTS
MORALS PRAYER
Introduction............................................................................................................................................. v The Meaning of Life............................................................................................................................... 1 Creation and Fall..................................................................................................................................... 3 Salvation History..................................................................................................................................... 5 The Incarnation....................................................................................................................................... 7 The Life of Christ.................................................................................................................................... 9 The Paschal Mystery............................................................................................................................. 11 The Trinity............................................................................................................................................. 13 The Church............................................................................................................................................ 15 Scripture and Tradition........................................................................................................................ 17 Mary and the Four Last Things.......................................................................................................... 19 Liturgy and Sacraments........................................................................................................................ 21 Baptism and Confirmation.................................................................................................................. 23 The Eucharist......................................................................................................................................... 25 Confession and Anointing................................................................................................................... 27 Marriage and Holy Orders................................................................................................................... 29 Moral Action.......................................................................................................................................... 31 Natural Law and the Ten Commandments.......................................................................................33 Grace and the Beatitudes..................................................................................................................... 35 Virtues and Vices.................................................................................................................................. 37 Christian Life in the World................................................................................................................. 39 The Life of Prayer................................................................................................................................. 41 The Lord’s Prayer.................................................................................................................................. 43 Praying the Mass................................................................................................................................... 45 The Practice of Confession................................................................................................................. 47 Catholic Devotions............................................................................................................................... 49
iii
The Baptism of Christ by Piero della Francesca
This picture reminds us of the teaching of the gospel - that all people are called to follow Christ. Like the catechumen in the background of this picture, we too are called to leave behind our sinful ways of life to follow Christ, who is in the foreground, along the path of discipleship to the kingdom of heaven. iv
Introduction
CREED
SACRAMENTS
MORALS PRAYER
Go into all the world and preach the gospel to the whole creation. Mark 16:15
What is ‘EVANGELIUM’? ‘Evangelium’ means ‘gospel’ or ‘good news’. This course is called EVANGELIUM because it aims to teach the good news of our salvation in Jesus Christ.
Aim of EVANGELIUM The EVANGELIUM multimedia catechetical course teaches the essentials of Catholic faith and life in a straightforward, precise and attractive manner. The course is based on the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the materials are organised in the same fourfold way: Creed, Sacraments, Morals and Prayer. Those who with God’s help have welcomed Christ’s call and freely responded to it are urged on by love of Christ to proclaim the Good News everywhere in the world. This treasure, received from the apostles, has been faithfully guarded by their successors. All Christ’s faithful are called to hand it on from generation to generation, by professing the faith, by living it in fraternal sharing, and by celebrating it in liturgy and prayer.
Teaching an EVANGELIUM session using a PC projector, one way in which the course can be used by groups, such as RCIA candidates
BENEFITS OF EVANGELIUM
Concise, precise wording to communicate key ideas in a timely manner The use of computer based presentations to animate and link concepts and images
Catechism of the Catholic Church par. 3 (Prologue)
Who is EVANGELIUM for?
Quotations from Scripture, the Catechism and other Catholic sources to illustrate and explain
EVANGELIUM is for all those who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Catholic Faith, whether or not they are practising members of the Church.
Suggested further reading and activities to reinforce learning
The course materials are intended principally for those participating in the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults (RCIA) or other adult catechetical programs. Other uses include Confirmation preparation, youth catechesis, marriage preparation and self-instruction. The study of the course materials can be carried out in classes, in small groups or by individuals.
Beautiful religious art to convey a rich visual experience of the key persons and ideas
A modular approach: each session can stand alone to provide maximum course flexibility
The centuries-old conciliar tradition teaches us that images are also a preaching of the Gospel. Artists in every age have offered the principal facts of the mystery of salvation to the contemplation and wonder of believers by presenting them in the splendour of colour and in the perfection of beauty. It is an indication of how today more than ever, in a culture of images, a sacred image can express much more than what can be said in words, and be an extremely effective and dynamic way of communicating the Gospel message.
The aim of this Participant’s Book The principal aim of this Participant’s Book is to assist each person taking part in an EVANGELIUM course; it summarises the course presentations and provides additional references for further reading. This Participant’s Book can also be used independently of any course, as a complete, attractive and concise summary of the key teachings of the Catholic Faith.
Pope Benedict XVI, Introduction to the Compendium of the Catechism.
v
The order of the sessions
Course materials and sources
The order of the sessions in this Participant’s Book follows the main fourfold division of the Catechism. Creed
Sacraments
Morals
Prayer
10
5
5
5
EVANGELIUM COURSE MATERIALS
Presentations on CD. A self-starting CD with
twenty-five PowerPoint Viewer© presentations.
Participant’s Book. A written summary of the content of the presentations.
Presenter’s Guide. A guide to presenting the
sessions with further references and activities.
Since each session is a complete lesson in itself, the order in which the sessions are presented is flexible and should be adapted to the needs of participants. Page 51 of this book shows a possible sequence of sessions to accompany the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults (RCIA). Page 52 presents an alternative sequence for general purpose catechesis.
The main reference sources for EVANGELIUM are Scripture and the Catechism. Scripture citations are generally taken from the Revised Standard Version (RSV) Catholic Edition. Citations from other standard translations are used occasionally when an alternative translation highlights a particular point more clearly. On such occasions, the alternative translation is indicated by an abbreviation.
The estimated time required for teaching a session using the CD is 1 hour 10 minutes.
The following tables list the Bible translations and Biblical books cited in EVANGELIUM: BIBLE TRANSLATIONS USED IN EVANGELIUM No abbreviation
Revised Standard Version
NRSV
New Revised Standard Version
NJB
New Jerusalem Bible
DRA
Douay-Rheims Bible
KJV
King James Version
BIBLICAL BOOK ABBREVIATIONS
Viewing EVANGELIUM presentations on a laptop, one way in which the course can be used for personal study
Praying and living the Gospel EVANGELIUM seeks to impart much more than information. Although it is possible to know about the Catholic Faith using human reason alone, to know the faith with a kind of inner illumination of its truth is a gift from God. It is important to ask God to impart and increase this gift of faith.
Gen
Genesis
1 Cor 1 Corinthians
Ex
Exodus
2 Cor 2 Corinthians
Deut Deuteronomy
Eph
Ephesians
Isa
Isaiah
Col
Colossians
Mt
Gospel of Matthew
Jas
James
Mk
Gospel of Mark
1 Pet
1 Peter
Lk
Gospel of Luke
2 Pet
2 Peter
Jn
Gospel of John
1 Jn
1 John
Rev
Revelation
Rom Romans
References to the Catechism of the Catholic Church are indicated by “ccc.” followed by the paragraph number. The reference “ccc. 50”, for example, indicates paragraph 50 of the Catechism.
It is therefore highly recommended to begin and end each session with a prayer. Page vii offers a suitable prayer of St Thomas Aquinas; others are provided in the Presenter’s Guide and the course presentations.
The majority of other citations are sources cited by the Catechism. In such cases, both the original source and the Catechism reference are provided.
To know the faith also involves experiencing and living the faith. Catholic art, prayers and practical suggestions are included in this course to encourage and nurture this experience and life of grace.
The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent, and believe in the gospel. Mk 1:15 vi
The Magdalene Reading by Rogier van der Weyden
Opening Prayer As the final goal of Christian teaching is to know God, it is good to ask for God’s help at the beginning of each session. The following short prayer is from St Thomas Aquinas, who always prayed before study.
Bestow upon me, O God, an understanding that knows you, wisdom in finding you, a way of life that is pleasing to you, perseverance that faithfully waits for you, and confidence that I shall embrace you at the last. Amen.
vii
The Church in glory: detail from The Last Judgment by Fra Angelico
This symbolic representation of the kingdom of heaven reminds us of the happiness God desires us to have as the true goal and meaning of our lives: to be gathered into heaven where we shall see the face of God, in the company and friendship of the angels and saints in everlasting glory. viii
The Meaning of Life
CREED
Let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice! Psalm 105:3
The meaning of life refers to the most fundamental reasons for the existence of the world and ourselves.
Wh y? As a child grows up, the most persistent question he or she will tend to ask is ‘why?’ As human beings we not only ask what things are but also why they are. The Greek philosopher Aristotle said that this desire is universal, “All people by nature desire to know! ”
The School of Athens by Raphael Sanzio
Question the beauty of the earth, question the beauty of the sea ... question all these realities. All respond: ‘See, we are beautiful ’. Their beauty is a confession. These beauties are subject to change. Who made them if not the Beautiful One who is not subject to change? St Augustine, Sermon 241 (ccc. 32)
The question ‘why?’ can also be applied to the whole universe and to human beings. Why is the universe here? Why are we here? What is the goal of human life? Men and women throughout history have attempted to answer these questions.
What does creation teach us about God?
What is the ‘first be-cause’?
From what has been created, we can learn that God is one, all powerful, all good and unchanging.
All the things we see in the universe are caused by other things. Many thinkers have concluded that this chain of causes cannot go on forever. There must be a ‘first be-cause’, a necessary, eternal and unchanging ‘first cause’ which creates and sustains everything. This first cause is what people naturally call ‘God’.
MISTAKES ABOUT GOD
⌧ Polytheism
In addition, the universe shows evidence of many processes that are ordered towards things of great complexity and beauty. This order and goodness encourages belief in a God who created them.
⌧
What is ‘God’?
Pantheism
‘God’ is what people rationally call the first cause and purpose of things, but this raises questions about what God is and God’s relationship with us.
Denies the one God in favour of many ‘gods’. This is wrong since there can only be one first cause; several gods would introduce chaos and unintelligibility into creation. Denies that God is distinct from the world. This is wrong because the first cause is unchangeable, unlike all the other beings of creation.
⌧
Denies that God is all-powerful. This is wrong because the first cause A powerless must have the power to cause ‘god’ everything in creation.
For Aristotle, ‘God’ was the unmoved mover. For Plato, he was the unchanging good. For Anselm, he was ‘that greater than which nothing can be conceived ’. For Newton, he was the architect of the laws of nature.
⌧
All rational models of the cosmos also require a ‘first be-cause’. Einstein, for example, often referred to the first cause of the intelligibility of the universe using the language of ‘God’ or the ‘mind of God’.
An evil ‘god’
Denies that God is good. This is wrong because what God has created is good. Evil in the world always refers to the corruption of some intrinsically good thing.
For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities – his eternal power and divine nature – have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made. Romans 1:20 NIV
1