2021 Sprott Research Review

Carleton University Sprott School of Business

2021 Research Review

Table of Contents Message from the Dean.........................................................................................................................................................................1 Welcome Message................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Research at a Glance............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Features: Investing in Digital Information Systems: It’s All About the Value.................................................................... 4 A Risk Worth Taking: Women Leaders are Good for the Bottom Line......................................................... 6 Value Creation Through Business Model Innovation............................................................................................. 8 Digital Twinning: The Future of Business Management..................................................................................... 10 The Synergy of Two: How a Husband-and-Wife Team is Helping Sustainable Products Succeed in the Market...........................................................................................................................................................12 Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Heart of Research at Sprott..........................................................14 Faculty Q & A: Aron Darmody, Associate Professor, Marketing......................................................................................................17 Jinsun Bae, Assistant Professor, International Business.................................................................................... 19 Faculty News and Research............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Graduate Research: Embolden Voices: Speaking Up to End Workplace Mistreatment............................................................. 26 Think Women Entrepreneurs, Think Innovation..................................................................................................... 28 Q&A with Narmin Tartila Banu......................................................................................................................................... 30 The Impact of Covid on How We Work........................................................................................................................ 31 Undergraduate Student Research.............................................................................................................................................. 33 2021 Publications.................................................................................................................................................................................. 35

Message from the Dean In the best of times, quality research helps us to make sense of complex and evolving issues that affect our organizations and our lives. During the past few years, the need for research that directly and honestly addresses transformations facing us has been greater than ever before. I am immensely proud that the research that Sprott colleagues undertake rises to this challenge.

Dana Brown

Business schools often debate how to integrate impact focused research alongside rigorous, theoretically grounded work that will reach the top journals and attract research funding. Sprott is unique in that, in large part, the research we are conducting is both theory based and grounded. Our researchers work closely with businesses, non-profits and communities to cocreate knowledge and to advance the understanding of new business models and behaviors that lead to positive change.

The value of the research we are producing is demonstrated in recognition by funding agencies and the high quality outlets where Sprott colleagues’ work is published.

Sprott’s research is at the forefront of the knowledge that organizations need to consider now and in the foreseeable future. For example, the research that colleagues are doing around work-life balance in a post-pandemic economy is highly pertinent at a time when companies in Canada and worldwide struggle to attract the talent they need to continue operations and grow. Other research focused on measurement and accountability of social and environmental impact will help to address significant concerns facing companies, governments and consumers around how businesses approach these issues. Sprott’s researchers also investigating the drivers of innovation and the outcomes for companies, communities and society at large.

As you will see in the pages that follow, our research is already making a difference and has the potential to create more widely shared benefits for individuals and organizations worldwide.

We are proud of all that we have overcome and accomplished especially over these past few, challenging years, and we hope that you will enjoy learning more about Sprott research in this fourth annual review.

Dana Brown Dean, Sprott School of Business

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Welcome Message I am proud to present the 2021 Sprott Research Review which features major achievements in research funding, activities, and events, as well as highlights initiatives in research capability building by the Sprott research community.

Research funding: As shown by the increase in research funding, Sprott researchers thrived on applying and securing research funding, from Tri-agency and other partners. The amount of Tri-agency funded research projects surpassed $1 million for the first time in the School’s history. Sponsored research funding grew significantly as measured by both the number of projects and programs and by funding level.

Scholarly works: Sprott faculty continues its excellence in producing important, relevant, and impactful scholarly works. The number of peer reviewed journal (PRJ) papers published reached a new level, a reflection of the growth in both faculty number and individual Shaobo Ji productivity. Among all PRJ papers published in 2021, more than twothirds (2/3) address emerging and complex business problems in EDI, entrepreneurship, innovation, social impact, and sustainability management. A number of those scholarly works are recognized by external professional organizations in the form of awards and prizes.

Research support capacity and service: In addition to significant growth in research funding and published scholarly works, Sprott has added additional resources to support researchers and graduate research programs. 2021 saw the appointment of Dr. Leighann Neilson to the position of Academic Director, Sprott Graduate Research Programs (PhD and MSc), and Melissa Doric to the position of Knowledge Mobilization and Research Support Officer.

Graduate student accomplishments: PhD candidate Chelsie Smith received the 2021 Vanier Graduate Scholarship – the first Sprott student to win this prestigious award! Sprott also celebrated the first graduates of the MSc in Management program in 2021. Launched in 2019 this program provides students with the research foundation to advance to doctoral studies or applied research careers in the public, private or not-for-profit sectors. Guided by the expert mentoring of our research faculty, we look forward to welcoming our future MSc graduates to our PhD in Management program and beyond!

Shaobo Ji Associate Dean, Research and International

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Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

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Feature

Investing in Digital Information Systems: It’s All About the Value Gerald Grant, Professor, Information Systems, has spent decades reframing the narrative on how businesses look at the governance of innovative digital information systems (IS) investments and how to help public and private organizations optimize value from both a strategic and organizational behaviour perspective.

If technology is a significant driver of innovation, then it is essential that organizations understand how to use the power of technology to deliver outcomes their customers want and are willing to pay for. Gerald describes how companies see technology and innovative ideas as instrumental, yet most have a limited perspective on technology’s role in a company.

“It’s not about the technology itself; it’s about understanding how the technology will add value to the customer and how an organization manages the process of integrating innovative digital systems into organizational life.”

Gerald understands that the mindset and process need to be responsive and improvisational to the dynamic environment of an organization and its culture. As such, he devotes much of his research to helping organizations, countries—people—build their capabilities to leverage technology successfully.

Gerald advises organizations to focus on the end goal and to ask this important question: How will the desired

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Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

technology add value, not just for your organization, but for your customer as well? So much appears intuitive— we think technology equals better, faster, more efficient.

It can, but it is not that simple. From a governance perspective, many organizations remain short-sighted.

The problem may stem from an idealized expectation of technology. Organizations are dynamic and fluid.

There is a human element of course, so people create multiple dimensions that change how technology can add benefits—or where it can fall short—to the day-today operations.

The pandemic, for example, has shown us that without technology, many businesses would have ground to a halt.

“What we are facing now is not only the significance of digital technology but the realization that it’s at the core of what organizations do; it’s no longer something on the side.”

And so, private and public organizations need first to understand the desired goals, and then allow IS integration to include strategies that help mitigate issues, improve efficiencies, and most importantly, add value to the organization. The concepts of organizational learning, building new capabilities, and understanding new employee and operational routines are what bind the technology with the value an organization seeks to achieve.

“We need to look at technology as symbiotic. We don’t need it to replace humans, we need it to integrate with how humans function in society. Technology should be enhancing and synergistic.”

Gerald’s years of experience and expertise in research and his visionary approach to IS governance, management, and integration have earned him the role of a highly coveted advisor.

Gerald Grant

Prompted to put pen to paper, Gerald, along with coauthor, Robert Collins, wrote, The Value Imperative: Harvesting Value from Your IT Initiatives (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). The book aims to help both business and information technology (IT) leaders to shift their focus from technology project implementation to that of value realization and introduce them to a new business model called “The Agricultural Model” for managing IT in organizations.

Perhaps the seed to his great ideas of reframing IS integration was planted during Gerald’s PhD work at the London School of Economics, focusing on the implementation of large-scale enterprise IS in organizations in Zimbabwe. His work on strategic management of digital technologies in developing countries revealed the importance of understanding the end goal; that integrating technology is not linear, and that limitations with successful IS integration were not about a lack of training or knowledge, but more a governance issue.

Gerald went on to consult on projects related to the digital divide, information communication technology (ICT) capacity building, and the development of national ICT strategies in Commonwealth countries. He was instrumental in planning and facilitating seminars and

workshops for senior government officials in the UK, Malta, East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia.

Gerald truly practices what he preaches: bringing value to organizations and to his own life and community. His research has strong societal undertones of inclusivity and reframes how we think about technology and the value it brings to our world. One of Gerald’s current projects focuses on facilitating Black communityled research to break down systemic barriers Black entrepreneurs face in Canada today.

A further testament to his ongoing commitment to community is his role as chair of the board of Connected Canadians, a nonprofit organization that aims to bridge the gap between seniors and technology by promoting digital literacy skills and provide technical training and support—and one of the founders just happens to be one of Gerald’s PhD students.

Gerald’s overarching mission in his research, his teaching, and his life is to allow organizations and people to live to their full potential—with a little help from technology.

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Feature

A Risk Worth Taking: Women Leaders are Good for the Bottom Line “Risk is a mixture of danger and opportunity”—a quote by Sana Mohsni, Associate Professor, Finance—a person who is highly intrigued by corporate risk-taking behaviour.

Sana has many projects on the go with collaborators from around the world that look to uncover how changes in firms’ governance, policies, and organizational structure shape risk tolerance and appetite. For instance, she looks at how firm privatization influences firm risk behaviour, or in another study, if the establishment of corporate directors and officers insurance influences a firm’s risk behaviour.

Sana is certainly a numbers person and quantitative data, usually measured through profit maximization, is instrumental to evaluating the success of firms, but Sana is also tapping into an area of business that is quite noteworthy. In a concurrent collaborative project, Sana examines the impact of gender diversity on the performance of companies and their risk-taking behaviour. What is incredible is that their findings are substantiating the value of women as board members— and they have the numbers to prove it.

From Tunisia (where Sana was born and raised) to Canada, and the numerous countries in between, Sana has visited and collaborated with many scholars from around the globe; experiences that have allowed her to build a robust research program that fosters and infuses multiple perspectives from different corporate cultures. But it has also punctuated the reality of gender inequality and discrimination against women in business.

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Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Sana Mohsni

Sana is keen to change this. Sana wants to better understand both the impact of gender diversity on the bottom line (profit maximization), as well as the impact to the risk-taking behaviour of firms when more women occupy board seats.

Traditional measures of firm success would suggest that increased risk equals better performance. And, traditionally, when men drive decision-making on boards, risk-taking is considered high and performance profitable—a formula that persists in the business culture. Sana’s research findings, however, are throwing a curve ball to this ideology. When comparing the performance of firms with female directors to firms without, the female-strong firms’ risk-taking behaviour was notably reduced, but it was done without compromising performance—there was no negative outcome. In fact, firms with more women on their boards often performed better than those with less women on

their boards. These findings are extremely significant and demonstrate that firms can have the best of both worlds—less danger, more opportunity.

“We need more women on boards. Their presence brings unique skills, balance, and a voice. It’s their critical mass that influences board behaviour in a very positive and productive way. The numbers prove this.”

In addition, with more women occupying board seats, the board becomes more disciplined, has better monitors, and effective critical thinkers—resulting in greater accountability, a modifying risk culture, and ultimately improved profit maximization. Sana will further examine which factors drive this inverse relationship between risk and performance when women are leaders. “It may be where women leaders choose to take risks.”

Notwithstanding, it is quite simple: without women on boards, companies may be taking unnecessary risks and incurring undue costs. Conversely, female leadership is proven to increase performance, even when risktaking behaviour is more conservative. This is sure to be intuitive—the world needs both women and men to create a balance of perspectives and provide unique skillsets and decision-making abilities. Yet many countries lack a stringent enough regulatory framework that incentivize and encourage corporations to meet a minimal and

acceptable ratio of female representation at the board and executive levels—this is particularly evident in highly masculine societies. Even Canada with its current, “Comply or Explain” regulation (enacted in 2014), which is arguably weak. If a publicly traded firm cannot meet the 30 per cent gender diversity expectation for board members, they only need to explain why. Moreover, it remains unclear if the regulation is motivating business to reach the desired percentage at all.

“There is a movement, a political desire, to increase gender diversity in many countries; in those societies that recognize the value of women in business, for example. In Canada, the government is moving in the right direction and considering tougher regulations.

We are transitioning, but it’s slow.”

Sana knew very early on that she would pursue higher learning and explore the world, ever curious about social phenomena (and cats, but that’s another story!). She was raised by parents who valued education and wanted their daughters to grow up in a world where equality was guaranteed. Now Sana’s research is helping to change mindsets, not just in Canada, but throughout the business world—contributing to the narrative of the importance of equality and inclusivity—that the value of women in business and on boards transcends cultures.

She is proving, through the numbers, that women are indeed valuable, productive, and certainly worthy of leadership. And that is a risk worth taking.

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Feature

Value Creation Through Business Model Innovation There are people who know exactly what they are meant to do; be where they are meant to be; who genuinely follow their passions—passions so powerful that you can feel their excitement. Ahmed Doha is one such person. As Associate Professor, Supply Chain Management, Ahmed is highly passionate and committed to his mission: To lead business into the future to solve societal problems while creating value with the power of business model innovation and artificial intelligence (AI).

Ahmed has a fantastic arsenal of expertise in computer engineering, technology and business, and has created a robust research program rich in projects that continually evolve, keeping pace with the rapidity of technological advancement. Early on in his academic career, Ahmed examined how imitation, along with innovation, was a significant research and development (R&D) strategy in the top three R&D-intensive industries in the United States—pharmaceuticals, semi-conductors, and computer technology.

He demonstrated that imitation is a large part of how companies and economies grow and ultimately innovate.

This work led him to an important finding and one that has shaped his current research.

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Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Ahmed Doha

“In the path of value creation and competition, I discovered that, equally, if not more important than innovating on technology, is that business must innovate on the business model. The success of today’s most valuable firms owes more to business model innovation than to technology, process, or product innovation.”

This recognition now fuels Ahmed’s research to create business models to solve problems and create value out of new technologies. AI and the Internet of Things, two nascent and booming technologies, are the playground for this research.

What’s more, he is tapping into some exciting research to turn AI’s powerful capabilities into valuable solutions to save lives. Not yet published, a glimpse into this amazing work reveals innovative AI models that enable researchers to accomplish literature discovery tasks at a fraction of the time and cost currently needed. This technology can expand beyond researchers to include many critical care and mission-driven professions where instant access to vital information is invaluable.

Ahmed’s passion to innovate to solve problems started early in life and led him to work in the telecom industry in Egypt, where he was born and raised. A country that is pursuant on the industry ideology of consumption versus industriousness, he was disillusioned by the lack of industrial creativity and innovation in Egypt. He looked to Canada to pursue higher learning in computer engineering; a decision that changed his life’s journey, but one that came with great sacrifice.

Born into a male-dominated culture, Ahmed was the only boy among four sisters, a fate that would have him stay in Egypt and be the patriarch of the family. This was further cemented when his father died, leaving him the only man of the house. But, as fate would have it, his mother and sisters were born with courage and strength and who proved to be the foundation of Ahmed’s success.

“If it weren’t for my mother and sisters’ support, I wouldn’t have been able to move to Canada and pursue my passion. Today, my lovely wife carries the mantle. These women have pushed me; they have supported me in ways that I will be forever grateful.”

Ahmed’s passion was further proven when he made a pivotal decision that, once again, transformed his world.

After his MSc in computer science, he was presented with a highly coveted offer from a top university, with a top Canadian scholarship, to attend the PhD program—a clear path to a successful and prestigious computer engineering career. Yet, Ahmed’s passion to work toward his vision of shifting society’s gears toward innovation—

and to live up to his family’s sacrifice—was far more powerful.

“My vision of creating change wasn’t being realized in the computer engineering realm. I knew I needed to ask business and management related questions that would get me closer to identifying and addressing societal problems using innovation and technology.”

He knew then what he was meant to do. He accepted an offer from York University’s PhD program in Management.

Ahmed never forgets his roots and the women who had the courage to empower him. As a result, one of his research projects is close to his heart: Investigating AI-enabled innovative business models to identify and fight corruption at individual and organizational levels.

With this, he hopes to help empower women and other vulnerable groups to speak up against the misconduct of those with authority.

“I am inspired to be an agent of change for those who experience hardship and subjugation; for those who have no way or voice for retribution. To give them an equalizer—I owe this to the women in my life.”

Now, that is passion.

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Feature

Digital Twinning: The Future of Business Management

“In simple terms, a DT is a digital virtual replica of a process, product, or service that allows analyses of data to monitor the processes, anticipate problems, prevent downtime, innovate, and simulate several what-if situations.”

Amazon’s Founder and former CEO, Jeff Bezos’ maxim: “Relatively, we’re still at ‘day one’ of the Internet,” could perhaps apply to Alex Ramirez’s research program. You see, Alex, Associate Professor, Information Systems (IS), is riding the rollercoaster of the digital age, and he is sitting in the front row.

This emerging technology is essentially taking the Internet of Things to the next level. Creating a digital twin—of virtually anything from cars to buildings—allows for two-way communication between the “thing” and the virtual representation of that object. With integrating DT into a business infrastructure, organizations can stay ahead of the digital game by understanding all facets of business—from organizational efficiencies to consumer needs. What’s more, it allows one to see into the future.

From his early start in nuclear physics, to his now futuristic world of Digital Twin (DT) and smart cities, Alex is at the leading-edge of technology research in business. But what’s more, Alex is all about integrating all aspects of decision support systems to help maximize technology for the betterment of humanity.

One of the most important questions that businesses can ask today is: How do we integrate technology to improve our managerial decision-making processes so that we can maximize productivities and stay competitive?

Alex realized early in his career that by mobilizing knowledge in automated decision-making and data analyses, businesses can lower the burden and demand on human time—essentially allowing people to work to their full potential and allow machines (computers, artificial intelligence (AI), etc.) to do the so called dirty work of data processing and analysis.

Alex has been a leading expert in his field for decades, creating solutions to emerging technologies to support managerial decision-making. As such, Alex has witnessed the numerous iterations of technology used to help advance decision-making potential in business, from hypertext to his most recent work in DT.

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It’s brilliant really—technology that uses AI and IS to be preemptive rather than reactive—the collaboration of data to create a synergistic approach to managing decisions. And, it is game-changing.

“Once you invest in IS, you can collect and analyze massive volumes of data that can better explain business and operational phenomena that we didn’t understand in the past. Data is being taken to the next level of value.”

Alex is very excited about his most recent project—one that will gain a lot of exposure at the national level and will most certainly be a game-changer.

Alex is working with a collaborative multidisciplinary team at Carleton University that is reimagining how we look at cities—the urban future—through the concept of DT. The team’s project, funded by the Government of Canada’s New Frontiers in Research Fund, is called: “Imagining Canada’s Digital Twin.”

Alex outlines that their goal is two-fold: First, to build an inclusive and multidisciplinary consortium comprised of academic, indigenous, not-for-profit, public, and private partners that represent local and regional networks.

The second involves developing the DT prototype of the Montreal-Ottawa-Toronto corridor. The work

Alex Ramirez

involves creating digital versions of city features, then synchronize data connections between them in real-time.

These smart cities can help reduce waste and improve efficiency for things such as energy use, essentially improving how we work and live.

Alex knows how ground-breaking this work is—it is machine intelligence and connectivity to the cloud that will allow for unprecedented potential for largescale implementation of technology for companies in a variety of industries. Alex strongly believes that this work, and technology-based business innovation, is highly beneficial to the future of Canada—for business, economies, and society. Smart cities can create more inclusive and equitable societies by providing a platform where information is available to everyone, at the right time, in a useful way.

technological innovation—the research, the application, and the pedagogy of this field.

In fact, it was a veer off his career path from nuclear physics that led him into the world of IS. A temporary gig in Mexico teaching math to administrators led him to study how to change the scope of education through computer education—this then led him to his wife, three children, a PhD in IS, and a permanent life in Canada.

And now, still riding the rollercoaster, Alex continues to find excitement in the speed of digital evolution, teaching future generations about the endless possibilities in information technologies in business innovation and about fostering collaboration and equality for society.

Alex would be the first to tell you that he continually reinvents himself—staying attune to the rapid changes of the digital age. He has always been passionate about

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Feature

The Synergy of Two: How a Husband-andWife Team is Helping Sustainable Products Succeed in the Market Irene Lu and Ernest Kwan could possibly be referred to as Sprott’s dynamic duo—the Watson and Crick, the Ben and Jerry, Sonny and Cher? Joking aside, the point being that Irene and Ernest have found that magical, synergistic collaboration—as researchers and as a married couple. By working together at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business and combining their areas of expertise, they have allowed their research programs to grow and evolve, and as a result, they tap into some very novel areas of ecologically responsible consumption; research that will create solutions in marketing for businesses and government— and that just may raise societal environmental consciousness through creativity.

Their research focuses primarily on repurposed goods— defined as the transformation of old products into new products of greater value that serve a different function. Repurposing goods is growing in popularity— particularly in ecommerce—for both producers (creators) and consumers. Moreover, repurposing goods is a key strategy to reduce waste and promote ecological sustainability. Because it is an emerging market, not much is understood about consumer motivations and attitudes toward repurposed products (to date, most

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research has focused on refurbished or recycled products), and as a result, Irene and Ernest are keen to close the gap in our knowledge.

Their research takes a multipronged approach to gain a holistic picture of sustainable products and examines both the production of repurposed goods—such as seller motivation, barriers faced, and outcomes to selling—as well as consumer preferences and motivations. What is interesting is that repurposed products are a bit of a nuance from other sustainable consumer goods. Irene and Ernest believe motivations and attitudes will differ because what makes repurposed products unique from other sustainable products is the amount of creativity that is required to repurpose something. Think hockey sticks into garden chairs, or earrings out of computer parts—this ingenuity and uniqueness could be alluring to both producers and consumers. Motivation to buy repurposed products, then, may not necessarily be about the environment, instead, about the prestige or novelty of a one-of-a-kind unique product.

Irene, associate professor of marketing, and Ernest, associate professor of supply chain management, currently work under a SSHRC Insight Development Grant to investigate producer and consumer perceptions and motivations of repurposed products with the goal to help business create marketing strategies that effectively reflect the needs of consumers.

This is valuable because when we have consumers more conscientious and willing to purchase sustainable products, it is good for our planet. What has been quite relevant in their findings so far is they have discovered that the primary motivation to produce/ create repurposed products is not always environmental concern, but through producers’ creative process of repurposing goods, they go through a transformation.

Irene and Ernest found that producers’ attitudes, beliefs, and ultimately their consumer habits are modified to become more environmentally conscious. Raising consciousness through creativity is a great unintended consequence to this.

Ultimately their research will not only empower producers, but also offer guidance to policymakers on how to help entrepreneurs effectively promote conservationism and sustainability—and to encourage consumers to embrace greener living. Irene and Ernest’s

Ernest Kwan & Irene Lu

next step is to address the impact of social media influencers on repurposing as a lifestyle.

synergistic research projects together in the sustainable product marketing sphere.

Further to this, and what came as a natural secondary question to this research, Irene and Ernest want to understand the impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have on consumer preferences and attitudes toward sustainable products. Will concerns about COVID-19 discourage consumers from being sustainable if they are given the choice between a new versus a “used” product? Will there be additional factors influencing motivation and preference?

And, what’s great about working together?

“The interesting thing about collaborative work with your spouse is there are a lot more opportunities to bounce ideas off one another. The moment an idea occurs to you, there is ample opportunities to engage in a discussion right away. We can share ideas easily; that aspect of it is exciting.” Ernest reveals.

So, how did the dynamic duo come to be?

It was a day at a data-analysis workshop that changed everything. Irene came as a marketing PhD student looking to advance her quantitative data-analysis techniques and Ernest was teaching the workshop as an expert in quantitative methodology in the social sciences (his roots are in psychology). A combined love of research (and serendipitously, for each other), their academic careers changed course, and in 2008, Irene and Ernest began their academic careers at Carleton’s Sprott School of Business. Their research programs remain within their teaching areas of expertise, but over the years, they have amassed some novel and

The double-edged sword: Both Irene and Ernest recognize that it is vital to maintain a healthy worklife balance. So, although it is tempting to talk shop whenever the mood strikes, there are gentle reminders to each other about work boundaries; particularly when it comes to family time.

Through their research, Irene and Ernest are highlighting how business can effectively market sustainable products and allow this area of commerce to grow.

Dynamic duo, Sonny and Cher, however you would like to see it, Irene and Ernest are a winning combination for Sprott and for our planet.

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Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Heart of Research at Sprott In this fast-pasted world of rapidly evolving technology, it has become increasingly important for businesses to stay on top of— even ahead of—these changes. The future of business relies heavily on innovative strategies to improve value creation, promote growth, and remain competitive.

Simply, companies must innovate to stay relevant. This is true for existing businesses and for entrepreneurial start-ups that must include innovation as a key part of their strategic management.

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But innovation and entrepreneurship is not just about a fiduciary goal; it must also consider the moral obligation and accountability to its community and society; embracing inclusive, equal, and multidimensional perspectives that allow businesses to grow and be profitable concurrent to the cultural, societal, and environmental realities.

The Sprott School of Business lives and breathes this ideology—one that considers global perspectives, inclusivity, and staying relevant. The Sprott team also recognizes that it is an exciting time for innovation and entrepreneurship given the level of technology and capital available in a market with unlimited growth potential. Sprott is committed to fostering excellence in programming, teaching, and research to create solutions to the most pressing global challenges.

As such, Sprott is excited to open their first ever Innovation Hub in the new Nicol building in 2021. The Hub will be a fantastic opportunity to bring work from around the university, students, and community partners to one location and allow collaborative research and training within the entrepreneurial sphere to flourish.

With many entrepreneurial initiatives on the go, the mission is to foster mentorship, ideation, and relevant skills.

The research happening at Sprott is focused on addressing critical questions that examine innovation and entrepreneurship from a multidimensional lens—one that understands the importance of value maximization and likewise, inclusivity, equality, and a global imperative.

For example, Rick Colbourne’s (Associate Dean, Equity and Inclusive Communities) perspective is that Indigenous entrepreneurship is a process of extracting and contributing value that is anchored in a community’s socioeconomic condition. Indigenous entrepreneurship allows Indigenous peoples to exercise their rights to design, develop, and maintain culturally relevant political, economic, and social systems or institutions that promote sovereignty, self-determination, and socioeconomic well-being. One of Colbourne’s research goals is to create ethical spaces for engagement that bridge Indigenous ways of being and knowing with Western ones to challenge colonization and develop alternative perspectives and understandings. Moreover, Colbourne is working on integrating the consideration of urban, rural, and northern influences, along with

territory and community values, Aboriginal law, treaty, community and corporate governance, and even the legacy of colonization, into a wholistic framework for understanding Indigenous entrepreneurship and economic development. “It’s not about helping—it’s about enabling self-determination and socioeconomic well-being. It’s about community working in their traditional territories and creating ventures that address their specific socioeconomic needs and values.”

Rodney Nelson (Instructor III, International Business) uses his expertise and sagacious insights to explore innovative ways of looking at sustainability and social issues in business. Nelson’s work in economic sustainability and agritourism in Northern Italy, for example, describes how small, once economically depressed communities are creating “locality” for local farmers, generating revenue and jobs through a regeneration of old farming practices. Young, educated locals are coming back to their homes, creating experiences for tourists that are enriching, authentic, and immersive. They are driving tourism with unique and

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successful business models. In fact, much of Nelson’s research centers around how small business ecosystems in Indigenous communities in Canada and around the world create successful business ventures, and he is inspired to share their success stories; narrating the ingenious ways members of communities have learned to overcome socioeconomic challenges and achieve entrepreneurial success. What is fantastic is that Nelson has experienced and witnessed, firsthand, the people and their practices: “Working with diverse people and understanding their ways and practices is so valuable.

This gives you a true perspective on their issues and what their needs are.”

Stoyan Tanev (Associate Professor, Entrepreneurship) examines the changing landscape of how entrepreneurs identify opportunities, shape new businesses, and articulate value to customers to compete in the international market. One area of Tanev’s research examines how a new firm can articulate an effective value proposition and integrate it into its business model narratives so that it resonates with new customers and ensures success in the global market.

This includes exploratory research based on publicly available online information combined with topic modelling and text summarization tools. Tanev also explores the linguistic aspects of entrepreneurship and innovation management by emphasizing that they are both dependent on effective conversational skills and the specific language used by the companies to articulate value to customers. This approach appears to be highly valuable as most companies, especially startups, struggle to articulate their value propositions in a clear, competitive, and viable way.

Mika Westerlund (Associate Professor, Entrepreneurship) educates aspiring entrepreneurs in Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) master’s degree program. In fact, Westerlund is all about entrepreneurship and his research program includes a robust and diverse look into entrepreneurship that includes emerging technologies, business model innovation, entrepreneurial marketing strategies, and management models in high-tech and serviceintensive industries, among others. One area that is highly noteworthy includes his work examining “Green Business Models” and sustainable entrepreneurship.

“We need entrepreneurs and leaders with the courage and conviction to take bold action ahead of others. We also need radically new business models that create true value for the environment and society, bring competitive advantage to companies, and have the potential to transform industries globally.”

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Francois Brouard (Professor, Accounting) is taking a unique perspective on the comedy industry in Quebec. His research aims to elucidate successful business strategies for comedians. “Comedians are entrepreneurs; they need to manage their business and their careers to ensure they are successful and to potentially become famous.” Brouard is looking at this from many angles, including the factors that distinguish “A” listed comedians from those less successful, such as commonality in script content, to venue location and production—teasing out the factors that allow a comedian to rise to stardom. Brouard also examines how female comedians fare in the industry—a very sensitive and important issue in entertainment and business alike. To date, males dominate the comedy world, but as female representation grows, Brouard is interested in comparing female and male perceptions of women in this industry.

Gerald Grant (Professor, Information Systems) has spent decades reframing the narrative on how business looks at the governance of innovative information system (IS) integration and how to help both public and private organizations optimize value. If innovation is all about technology, then it is essential that organizations understand how to use the power of technology for good and not evil, so to speak. Grant describes how companies see technology and innovative ideas as instrumental, yet most have a limited perspective on technology’s role in a company. “It’s not about the technology itself; it’s about understanding how the technology will add value to your consumer and how an organization manages the process of integrating innovation and digital systems.” Grant understands that the mindset and process need to be responsive and improvisational to the dynamic environment of an organization and culture. As such, Grant devotes much of his research to helping organizations, countries— people—build their capabilities and leverage technology successfully.

This is just some of the work happening within Sprott’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.

FACULTY Q&A

Aron Darmody, Associate Professor, Marketing Aron Darmody is an Associate Professor of Marketing. He joined Sprott in July 2021 from Suffolk University in Boston. He has a Bachelor of Commerce from University College Cork (Ireland), a Master of Marketing from Dublin City University (Ireland), and a PhD in Marketing from York University’s Schulich School of Business (Canada).

What are your current research interests and research agenda?

Broadly speaking, cultural studies of marketing practice.

I try to look at the overlap of marketing strategy/the marketer and consumers. For example, I’m currently studying a phenomenon of consumer knowledge hiding.

I’m also interested in corporate philanthropy. Looking at different ways organizations can be, or try to be, strategically philanthropic and in what ways they channel their resources and energies.

Is there a particular research project that you’re excited about?

I’m very interested in digital marketing and digital marketers. A project I’m working towards is trying to understand the concepts of marketing from the perspective of digital marketers. Marketing is changing, and the functions of many at the cutting edge of digital marketing is so different from what we typically associate with marketing. I would like to study and understand that change, but to do so primarily through the lens of those practitioners. How do they see marketing today and how do they understand their role in this change?

Aron Darmody

What attracted you to a career in higher education?

My Master’s degree was part professional, part thesis.

Although I went back to work after graduation, the experience of doing the thesis was deeply rewarding and I’ve always felt most engaged in an academic setting. I liked the intellectual challenge of undertaking academic work. A career in higher education allows me to undertake more of this.

Which course or courses are you most looking forward to teaching?

I’m really excited to teach Consumer Culture Theory (BUSI 4209) this upcoming Winter term. It’s an undergraduate course at Sprott which is very uncommon as schools will usually have this as a small part of a wider Consumer Behaviour course, but not as a stand-alone one. In Consumer Culture Theory, we look to understand consumers from a socio-cultural perspective. It’s a very important way for students to understand people, consumption, and the world that we live in. We live in

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Aron Darmody

a hyper-commercialized world and it’s very interesting for the students to understand things like how it is that consumers form relationships with brands and integrate them into their lives, how through consumption they connect and communicate with one another.

What drew you to join the Sprott School of Business?

The marketing area at Sprott is a small but diverse group.

Amongst the faculty there is a diversity of research interests and ways of doing research. Sprott is a place that values academic freedom and to find a School that does this is great. I have a fairly wide set of research interests and I can pursue them here. There are also colleagues in other areas doing work of interest and it will be nice to pursue projects with them. Also, with the new Nicol Building, a strong strategic plan, there’s an energy; it is a school that wants to go places and that’s something that I wanted to be a part of.

18 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Is there anything you’d like to tell us about your life outside of academia? Any hobbies or interests that you enjoy?

I like to get outdoors, go cycling and hiking. I do love movies, travel, good food and cooking. I like going to restaurants which I haven’t been able to take advantage of recently due to the pandemic but I’m looking forward to visiting in the future. Likewise, with travel. The only recent travel I’ve done is crossing the border to start my new position at Sprott.

Fun fact: Ahmed Doha [Associate Professor, Supply Chain Management] and I played on the same soccer team for a couple of years back when we were both PhD students at York University in Toronto!

FACULTY Q&A

Jinsun Bae, Assistant Professor, International Business Jinsun Bae joined Carleton’s Sprott School of Business at the height of the global pandemic in Fall 2020. As an assistant professor of International Business, it seems a fitting time to start the next chapter of her career in a new country. We recently sat down with Jinsun to discuss the journey that led her here.

Before joining Sprott, Jinsun was a postdoctoral associate with the “New Conversations Project: Sustainable labor practices in global supply chains” at the School of Industrial & Labor Relations at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. She received her PhD in Business Economics and Management from the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark with her thesis focusing on corporate social responsibility perceptions and practices in Myanmar’s apparel industry.

What attracted you to a career in higher education?

I didn’t necessarily set out to become a professor when I first began my post secondary education. As a student, I had considerable personal and intellectual growth and I had great professors who were supportive and always encouraging me to do more than I thought I could do. My hope is that I can provide this support to future students that I teach. I am also attracted to the university because it is a place where diverse actors such as the business, government, and civil society can come together to share ideas and develop collaborations aimed to address grand societal challenges.

What current research are you working on?

Much attention has been paid to understanding whether companies are doing corporate social responsibility (CSR) but I’m more interested in how these companies are doing their CSR. Under that broad umbrella, I am interested in learning how global companies work with their suppliers to bring about changes in the labour conditions and labour practices in supply chains.

I’m currently working on three research projects. The first one is looking at how global companies enforce private labour standards to regulate working conditions in global supply chains. The second project focuses

on first-tier suppliers and their roles in this private regulation. These are the suppliers that undertake the final stage of manufacturing and they are the ones that then ship the finished products to the global companies.

The third project comes from my doctoral research on how the idea of CSR has been understood and practiced in Myanmar’s apparel industry. I’ve been following that industry since the country’s reform in 2011.

Why is the study of CSR in global companies important?

It is easy to think that global companies (in the likes of Apple and H&M) directly manage CSR in global supply chains. When they say they are tackling excessive overtime in factories making their products, we think that these companies are the ones implementing these changes. Often times, the responsibility to implement and manage these changes rests on their suppliers who own and manage these factories and are not usually visible to us. This outsourcing of responsibility has complicated the task of verifying whether the company’s promise of better working conditions is being met.

Meanwhile, these suppliers are under what they call “paradoxical” demands because global buyers want them to produce quickly and cheaply, while making more investment in improving safety and labour practices.

Those complexities are what I’m trying to demonstrate through my research and teaching.

What impact are you hoping your research will have in this area?

I want to bring out and understand the complexities inherent in the company’s pursuit of economic, social and environmental goals. From this research, I hope to provide recommendations and practical insights for companies and other relevant actors that they

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of my key informants was a factory manager, and he liked getting a massage because he spent many hours supervising people and walking around in the factory.

So, I had my “rapport building” sessions with him by getting a massage.

Are you planning on bringing your CSR research into your teaching?

I’m actually in the process of developing a new course for undergraduate students, tentatively titled ‘Responsible Business in a Globalized Economy’. By taking this course, students will understand the main debates and key concepts around CSR in the context of global supply chains. We will also explore how companies are trying to regulate working conditions using their private standards and discuss the achievements and shortcomings of such private labour regulations.

What do you enjoy most about working at the Sprott School of Business?

What makes my experience deeply enjoyable is that it’s a very supportive and collegial environment. I feel comfortable asking questions or reaching out for clarification which has been helpful since I began working at Sprott during the pandemic. I also like how the School takes a more inclusive and interdisciplinary approach to business. I sometimes feel like I don’t do traditional mainstream international business research.

At Sprott, I feel very much at home and that people appreciate and encourage the kind of research that I do.

I feel lucky to be here.

Jinsun Bae

find realistic, well-contextualized and actionable. The research should fill the knowledge gaps experienced by people on the ground and shed more light on the actors of the global economy that are not readily visible but are nonetheless very important.

What is your experience in conducting research in other countries?

When I was in Myanmar, before actually collecting any data I spent a month at the Myanmar Garment Manufacturer’s Association. I offered to do an internship with them and took on a research assignment. This helped me build a relationship with those at the association who then facilitated my research stay in the country and access to some of the member factories.

A funny anecdote: Sometimes, I met informants before an interview to introduce myself and build rapport.

Normally, such a meeting was over a cup of coffee. One

20 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

What is your favourite part about being a professor?

I like being an entrepreneur of ideas. I can undertake research that I think has important contributions and social implications that have not been picked up yet by government or business. I can be critical, holistic and long term in pursuing my topic of interest. I also like being able to bring people together through research and teaching.

Outside of research/teaching, what do you like to do for fun?

I love cooking! That’s my main stress reliever. I appreciate any type of food and from all regions. I also enjoy hiking, listening to podcasts and doing yoga. Walking and biking around the city has helped me explore my new home and I’m looking forward to discovering new areas of Ottawa.

Faculty News & Research Research Achievements 2021 Carleton University Research Award Isaac Otchere, Professor, Finance Isaac Otchere is a Professor of Finance. In recent times many firms with unsustainable business practices are being excluded from the investment portfolios of environmentally and ethically focused public investors. While this is meant to be a punishment for their environmental sins, little is known about the effectiveness of this strategy in actually changing corporate behaviours because other investors could fill this void. Through his project, The Price of Environmental Sin, Isaac is examining this effectiveness and researching if it does indeed force the excluded firms to become more environmentally sustainable.

Isaac Otchere

This award is administered by the Office of the Vice-President, Research and International, and selected by a committee of past recipients. It provides 10 faculty members across campus with funds in support of a research project.

2021 Carol-Ann Tetrault Sirsly Research Award Mika Westerlund, Associate Professor, Entrepreneurship Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. Econ, is an Associate Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University. Previously a technology entrepreneur, he is teaching and educating aspiring entrepreneurs in Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program.

Mika is an innovation researcher interested in emerging technologies, practices and phenomena that may have major social, economic, ecological or other types of implications on our current and future societies. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, social big data analytics, AI & autonomous systems, business strategy, SME, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries, among others.

He has published widely in both the academic and practitioner literatures in the areas of technology and innovation management, entrepreneurship, and industrial marketing.

Mika Westerlund

The Carol-Ann Tetrault Sirsly research award was established by the Sprott School of Business in memory of Carol-Ann and the foundational role she played in the Sprott community. This annual recognition is presented to a Sprott faculty member for exemplifying quality in research.

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Fulbright Distinguished Visiting Research Chair Fulbright Canada has established a unique 25-year commitment with Carleton University to support collaborative scholarship between researchers from the United States and Canada. The Sprott School of Business will host one of four Carleton Visiting Chair opportunities through a series of one-year appointments from 2018 through 2043.

The Sprott School of Business welcomed Jeffery Reuer as the 2020/21 visiting Fulbright Canada Distinguished Chair in Entrepreneurship.

Jeffrey Reuer

22 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Jeffrey Reuer is the Guggenheim Endowed Chair and Professor of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Operations at the Leads School of Business (University of Colorado Boulder). His research is focused on governance and design of alliances, collaborative strategies, and applications of information economics and real options theory to various problems in strategy, international business, and entrepreneurship.

Newly Funded Research Projects Each year Sprott researchers apply for external research support from a variety of funders including Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), New Frontiers Research Fund (NFRF) and Mitacs. Several of these funding opportunities include partner organizations outside of Carleton University and involve direct collaboration in the research.

Please see below for a list of research projects funded in 2021 by external funding agencies various programs.

External Research Funding Principal Investigator

Title

Funding Agency

Program

Partner Organization

Merridee Bujaki

Indigenous perspectives on creating a better system to support and encourage Indigenous employment

SSHRC

Partnership Engage

Indigenous Works

Dana Brown

Developing EvidenceBased Approaches for Successful Implementation of Supplementary Meal Programs

SSHRC

Partnership Engage

Akshaya Patra

Rick Colbourne

Indigenous Works and Sprott School of Business: Collaboration for Reconciliation in Action

SSHRC

Partnership Development

Indigenous Works

Rick Colbourne

Two-eyed seeing, Grand Challenges and Wicked Problems: Indigenous-led responses to the neoliberal restructuring of cities and urban centres

NFRF

Exploration

Rick Colbourne

Rebuilding Dispersed Indigenous Communities: Creating a Joint Urban Reserve

SSHRC

Partnership Engage

Leanne Keddie

Can Corporate Social SSHRC Responsibility performance based incentives contribute to greenhouse gas emission reduction?

Insight Development

Leanne Keddie

2021 Imagining Canada’s Future Ideas Lab: Canada and the Circular Economy

SSHRC

Invited Workshop

Ruth McKay

Urban Flooding in Ottawa, Canada: Business as Usual or New Friction between Public and Private Stakeholders?

SSHRC

Insight Development

Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek (Sand Point First Nation)

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Steven Muegge

Development and implementation of an Edge AI IoT device with domain specific architecture to autonomously monitor children around pools

Mitacs

Accelerate

Spectergy

Isaac Otchere

The Cost of Committing Environmental Sin

SSHRC

Insight Development

Kate Ruff

Flexible Framework for Impact Measurement of Social Finance Funds

SSHRC

Partnership Engage

Sujit Sur

2021 Imagining Canada’s Future Ideas Lab: Canada and the Circular Economy

SSHRC

Invited Workshop

10C

In addition, Sprott researches have access to several Carleton University administered research funding opportunities. These opportunities are available through a variety of Carleton offices such as Office of VicePresident (Research and International), Carleton International, and SSHRC Institutional Grants (SIG). Sprott School of Business research centres such as the Centre for Research on Inclusion at Work (CRIW) also offer small research grants to support members. Please see below for a list of research projects funded in 2021 by internal calls for proposals.

Internal Research Funding Principal Investigator(s)

Title

Funding Agency

Program

Mohamed Al Guindy

Deciphering Digital Assets

Carleton

Multidisciplinary Research Catalyst Fund

Merridee Bujaki

A Critical Literature Review of Academic Research on EDI in the Accounting Profession

Carleton

CRIW Ignite! – Special Funding

Merridee Bujaki

Faculty Writing Groups and COVID-19 Research Support

Carleton

CRIW Ignite!

Rick Colbourne

Multimedia storytelling with Indigenous youth and postsecondary students: Youth cocreation of a vision for sustainable development as a strategy toward reconciliation

Carleton

Multidisciplinary Research Catalyst Fund

Rick Colbourne

Just Transitions, EDI, Work and the Workplace

Carleton

CRIW Ignite! – Special Funding

Rick Colbourne

Advancing Intersectional Analyses of Entrepreneurship: A critical exploration of entrepreneurial activity in Canada and the United Kingdom

Carleton

International Research Seed Grant

Angela Dionisi

Workplace Mistreatment Among Those Living with Disabilities: A Scoping Review

Carleton

CRIW Ignite! – Special Funding

24 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Linda Duxbury

Exploring the Consequences of Work-Family Imbalance

Carleton

CRIW Ignite!

Diane Isabelle

Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Women’s Lived Experiences of Labour Market Integration, Occupational Discrimination and Systemic Employment Barriers in Ontario

Carleton

CRIW Ignite!

Shi Li

Meme Stocks

SSHRC (SIG)

Explore Research Development

Leighann Neilson

Do Social Enterprises Achieve Higher Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Goals? A Scoping Review of the Empirical Evidence

Carleton

CRIW Ignite! – Special Funding

Isaac Otchere

The price of environmental sin

Carleton

Research Achievement Award

Kate Ruff

Indigenous and Anti-Colonial Carleton Approaches to Impact Measurement

CRIW Ignite! – Special Funding

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Graduate Research Student Feature

Embolden Voices: Speaking Up to End Workplace Mistreatment Sometimes the best things come from our worst moments. Or perhaps; when life gives you lemons, you make lemonade.

Chelsie Smith did just that. A third year PhD in Management candidate at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business, Chelsie transformed her own adverse experience in the workplace into a Vanier Graduate Scholarship for her research in workplace mistreatment.

Lemons to lemonade, Chelsie has cemented her passion in research and in creating constructive solutions that will foster a positive workplace culture, help individuals gain access to support and knowledge, and to empower individuals to speak out safely against workplace mistreatment.

Mistreatment in the workplace has long been an issue, yet it is becoming more covert, and voice (speaking up about harmful interactions) is not always an available option—particularly in precarious work (characterized as poorly paid, unprotected, and insecure).

The problem seems to stem from the organizational approach on how to foster a positive work environment.

Companies that create “good” jobs will (more often) focus some resources to motivate, support, and provide

26 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

employees with tools to succeed. The “bad” jobs (most often precarious jobs) may tend to push employees without concern for their well-being, quality of work environment, or desire for retention, development, or support.

Moreover, precarious work often aligns with marginalized groups and individuals who may need to stay in their role to simply live a subsistence lifestyle. There is a chasm that exists not only between good and bad workplaces, but as well as in the literature. Precarious work environments are generally overlooked in mainstream voice management research, even though psychological safety and trust—two key factors for voice—are less common in precarious work contexts.

“A climate that is constantly silencing you will have consequences. Unfortunately, a predominant trope in voice research is to overlook precarity, ignoring that safe voice is substantively a privilege inaccessible to many groups.”

Working under the supervision of Angela Dionisi (Associate Professor, Management), Chelsie’s research will focus on the intersection between mistreatment, voice, and precarious work.

Chelsie will investigate lived experiences of mistreated employees in precarious/low-income work and determine if and how much they speak up about the misconduct, their motivation for doing so, and to understand the barriers they may have faced preventing them from voicing their experience(s).

Chelsie’s research will not only explore untapped areas of precarious workplace mistreatment, but she will further delve into bystander behaviour with the goal to design and implement interventions that will help give support through training and education on safe voice practices—both within an organization and beyond.

As a target of workplace mistreatment herself, Chelsie did not have the tools to navigate incident reporting with

Chelsie is the first Sprott student to win a Vanier Graduate Scholarship. This prestigious scholarship is awarded to Canadian PhD students who conduct exceptional research. It is valued at $50,000 per year for three years during a student’s doctoral studies.

Chelsie’s research can enlighten government to create policies that incentivize companies to adopt effective employee outreach support and education.

“We need organizations to work as a collective and foster a positive work environment, a safe space to communicate, and to ultimately deter individuals from acting in harmful ways.”

Chelsea Smith

success, “Knowing the right thing to do was difficult.

There was no clear path forward.”

Chelsie’s personal experience reveals how a target can often suffer beyond the mistreatment from a lack of support from the organization that fails to provide effective solutions. It is often the target, not the perpetrator, who is penalized; most often having to acquiesce to minimize disruption to everyone else.

“It’s imperative that functional solutions, pathways, and strategies are in place to first and foremost help the target navigate the problem effectively, fairly, and with their emotional well-being nurtured.”

Positive voice management is a key predictor of future voice. If an issue is managed positively, the target is more likely to use their voice in the future. Ultimately, Chelsie’s research can contribute to organizational management of workplace mistreatment and foster positive workplace culture. As well, provide the vocabulary and tools to empower individuals with the confidence to use their voice safely. What’s more,

Chelsie has already amassed an impressively robust research profile and co-authored papers within both the business and psychology fields (where she first started out), including investigating “mansplaining” as a form of incivility in the workplace. As well, Chelsie is the recipient of numerous awards, including the 2021 SSHRC Doctoral Award; the 2019, 2020, and 2021 Ontario Graduate Carleton University Scholarship; the 2019 Sprott Graduate Award in Business—and of course her highly coveted Vanier Scholarship.

But, most impressively, Chelsie has the courage—despite the vulnerability of her story—to use her experience to create solutions.

“All employees deserve to feel safe from workplace mistreatment and safe to advocate for such conditions. It is time for academic research to give a voice to the silenced.”

Chelsie is most definitely turning those lemons into lemonade.

Supervisor: Angela Dionisi, Associate Professor, Management 27

Student Feature

Think Women Entrepreneurs, Think Innovation There is a great divide. One that represents the inequality between women and men; a divide that exists and persists in business ecosystems around the world. Even in Western cultures, such as Canada, where there is a healthy economy and a progressive society, the divide is evident—and it is a problem. Tasnuva Chaudhury, PhD in Management candidate, is conducting research that is working to change this.

Through her work looking at women and non-dominant groups, such as immigrants in business, Tasnuva aims to shift ideologies, dismantle stereotypes, and shatter that glass ceiling, once and for all. It is very exciting because Tasnuva’s research can help change the narrative to one that highlights and honours women as leaders, entrepreneurs, and innovators.

Although Canada is ranked third in the world for a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem, the reality is that women are still significantly underrepresented in business. Studies indicate a continued slow growth in the advancement of women in leadership positions. On average, 17 to 19 per cent of executive officers or board members of Canadian companies are women. Moreover, women-led small to medium sized businesses (SMEs) account for only 16 per cent of all SMEs—37 per cent if you include selfemployed women.

“Compared to male entrepreneurs, we do not have enough women entrepreneurs participating in innovative ecosystem. We need to break down the structural barriers to change this.”

Tasnuva is keen to uncover the structural barriers that women entrepreneurs face when it comes to starting a 28 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Tasnuva Chaudhury business and maintaining a competitive edge through innovation. With a rapidly changing business world, innovative strategies are critical for growth and survival; businesses need to be adaptable and nimble and bring novelty to their products and services. Yet, the problem ensues: women entrepreneurs struggle with innovative strategic growth. Tasnuva wants to know why and to better understand the noticeable inherent gender biases that exist against women within the Canadian entrepreneurial ecosystem—likely a large part of the problem.

“Stereotypical representation of women in the media, a need for more inclusive entrepreneurship policies, less access to capital, underrepresentation of women in entrepreneurship pedagogy, and perception of lower entrepreneurial skill, are some of the challenges inhibiting women’s advancement in entrepreneurship.”

As part of her research, Tasnuva studies the existing paradigms around business culture that point to leadership and innovation being strongly associated with masculinity. Tasnuva recognizes that the “think manager, think male” phenomenon is a serious limitation

for women and underrepresented groups because far too often men are depicted as the successful leaders of business concurrently failing to see women’s leadership potential. Without an inclusive and equitable construct, women are at a disadvantage—the consequence: women have unequal access to capital and therefore limited when it comes to innovative strategies.

Tasnuva wants to change the narrative to: “Think women entrepreneurs, think innovation. We need to move away from this connotation of a masculine syndrome and make it an equal playing field.”

Furthermore, the existing literature and pedagogical templates are still very fragmented when it comes to innovation and entrepreneurship—especially for women in business.

“We need a holistic understanding of the factors, drivers, and barriers for innovative SME entrepreneurs and the strategies women employ to create successful innovative ventures. The field is still developing so there is so much room for growth.”

Tasnuva knows that for the entrepreneurial ecosystem to evolve and be more progressive—in other words, be more inclusive and equitable—dissemination of information and resources that help women navigate the entrepreneurial world and gain the required skills is essential.

“Among many things, we need more government or entrepreneurship hubs that support women-led initiatives.”

Much of Tasnuva’s work while living in Bangladesh was as a research associate and consultant for organizations such as Save the Children, UK, and International Organization for Migration, where she developed initiatives to help improve the lives of vulnerable groups. These experiences sparked a passion, driving her desire to pursue her MBA, and now her PhD, and continue her work helping vulnerable communities with entrepreneurial and innovative solutions and pathways.

Tasnuva is a voice and advocate for women and all those underrepresented—a person who absolutely loves what she does and wants to see real change happen. Tasnuva is the president of the Sprott Graduate Research Programs student society, the recipient of the 2020-2021 Ontario Graduate Scholarship and the 2021 recipient of the Carol-Ann Tetrault Sirsly Memorial Scholarship—awarded to an outstanding PhD student working in the areas of business that have significant impact to corporate and social responsibility.

It is time to adopt Tasnuva’s maxim: Think Women as Entrepreneurs, Innovators, and Leaders. It really will make the world a better place.

Supervisor: Lorraine Dyke, Professor, Management and Strategy

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Student Q&A

Narmin Tartila Banu, PhD Candidate, Marketing Narmin Tartila Banu is a third year PhD in Management student at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business.

She received an MBA from the National University of Singapore (exchange at the Paul Merage School of Business at University of California, Irvine), and a BBA from the Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka.

Prior to embarking on an academic career, Narmin spent five years in the corporate world, spanning fast-moving consumer goods, telco and IT industries. She worked as a PR and Communications Executive at Banglalink Telecom, Brand Manager at Reckitt Benckiser and Planning Consultant at SAP. She taught Brand Management and Strategic Marketing for five years at the North South University as a Senior Lecturer.

What attracted you to Sprott’s PhD in Management program?

Firstly, the faculty members at Sprott are unbelievably supportive and go out of their way to nurture students and help them achieve their goals. I am confident that had I taken admission to any other PhD program, I would not feel as supported as I do now. My supervisor, Dr. Lindsay McShane, is perhaps the most patient supervisor out there as she takes her time to explain concepts no matter how basic they are. Dr. Leighann Neilson matched me with a co-author with similar interests, pushed me to work on research that is outside my own interest area, and had me present at an excellent conference.

For someone like me, who walked into academia from industry, the learning curve is steep, and this supportive environment made a world of difference.

What was one of your favourite courses?

I must mention two! One was Professor Linda Schweitzer’s Quantitative Research Methods, and the other was Professor Leighann Neilson’s Directed

30 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Narmin Tartila Banu Reading on Marketing and Sustainability. While the first course was important to build the foundation in quantitative methods for those who are pursuing this line of research, the second one played a key role in letting us immerse in papers that are of interest to us.

For me particularly, with my interest in sustainability, the Directed Reading course allowed me to explore the field in more detail and provided me with an opportunity to prepare for participation in a good conference.

What is your current research interest?

Marketing and sustainability. Specifically, I am curious to explore how consumers can be motivated to make more responsible choices.

What impact are you hoping your research will have in this area?

At present, the world is perhaps going through the most profound change in terms of its reaction to climate change. And being able to contribute from my field at this juncture has the potential to make meaningful impacts both in academia and in management. My

research can not only address certain gaps in the literature on hypocrisy and sustainable consumer behaviour but also open up the possibility for further discourse along these veins. My research can also contribute to managerial decision making especially on the importance of “walking the walk” particularly for companies subscribing to a sustainable business model.

Any advice to new/incoming PhD students?

Build up a network of co-authors from as early on as you can. Learn about and respect research methods different from your own. Watch out for phenomena of interest and integrate that into your research. And enjoy the journey!

Narmin was the 1st place winner of the 2021 GRADflix competition, where graduate students were asked to explain their research in a video in just one minute. View the winning video: Ugly Food to Fight Climate Change.

What’s your favourite way to relax/recharge when taking a break from your studies?

I’m an avid biker. Occasionally I indulge in cooking!

Supervisor: Lindsay McShane, Associate Professor, Marketing

Student Feature

The Impact of Covid on How We Work By: Lin Moody, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs It’s been an unusual two years for students at Carleton and other universities. Many, including Sprott PhD Student Christina Dreger-Smylie, have spent part of that time working remotely.

In fact, COVID-19 has impacted the landscape of many workplaces.

The pandemic created an opportunity for Dreger-Smylie to examine the experiences of employees working from home during the pandemic and to help organizations develop post-pandemic work arrangements.

She is leading projects with two Federal Government Departments.

Christina Dreger-Smylie

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for how employees will enact their hybrid work arrangements.

Living Her Research “I really do live and breathe my work. I have always been interested in employees work-life issues and right now, we are living in this crazy time where we have brought our offices home. Although the past two years have been challenging, I think I will always view them positively for providing me with these research opportunities.”

Dreger-Smylie works in change management at a Federal Government Department in Ottawa. In this role, she leads research and engagement with employees in the Department that is informing the development of hybrid work arrangements. This allows her an opportunity to use what she learns from her research in a practical sense.

The PhD student is supervised by Canadian work-life balance expert and Sprott Chancellor’s Professor, Dr. Linda Duxbury. Duxbury has produced several reports on how workplaces have been affected by Covid. As well, she has authored or co-authored many, many reports and two books about this topic. She has been lauded for her research by several organizations.

Christina Dreger-Smylie, Linda Duxbury Dreger-Smylie explains her first project. “I am examining how the experiences of the same 15 employees fluctuate over time, how they are coping with the various challenges they experience, and why some employees can adapt or thrive and why others cannot.”

At regular times along the way, she presents her findings back to the organization and employees have an opportunity to ask questions and make suggestions about interview questions for the next timepoint.

Throughout this research project, employees have contacted Dreger-Smylie with items they would like added to future engagement (e.g., impacts of screen time, impacts of increased meetings, personality questions) and managers have been altering their strategies based on what they hear at the findings presentations.

Her second project is helping a section of a specific Federal Government Department decide on its definition of hybrid work and implement this definition. The end goal is a definition of hybrid work with clear expectations

32 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Dreger-Smylie is grateful for Duxbury’s guidance. “The past three years in the PhD program have been marked by my immense growth as a researcher. I attribute all of this growth to Dr. Duxbury. She is an amazing mentor and I love working with her.”

Dreger-Smylie is not the only Carleton graduate student to sing the praises of Duxbury. She has won two Faculty Graduate Mentoring Awards at Carleton University, which are presented to faculty who have gone above and beyond to mentor their graduate students.

Going Forward Dreger-Smylie says that the COVID-19 pandemic has set in motion a structural shift in the way we work. “As organizations have learned that employees can, and at times prefer, working from home, leaders agree that the future of work in the developed world is hybrid.”

Her research will offer two strong examples of the implementation of hybrid work for practitioners, scholars, and organizational leaders and she hopes that this research will lend itself to the successful implementation of post-pandemic work arrangements for them.

You can find out more about the work of Grad students and Linda Duxbury by going to this website.

Undergraduate Research We are pleased to support undergraduate student involvement in research projects through our faculty’s participation in the Sprott School of Business Summer Undergraduate Research Internship. This program provides research opportunities to engage students in their undergraduate years that may inspire them to continue into graduate studies.

2021 Sprott School of Business Undergraduate Research Interns •

Ellena Damini (Bachelor of Commerce) – Supervisor: Howard Nemiroff

•

Taylor Morris (Bachelor of Commerce) & Noah Geens (Bachelor of Commerce) – Supervisors: Ruth McKay & Gary Martin

•

Julie Cho (Bachelor of Commerce) – Supervisor: Troy Anderson

Undergraduate Summer Research Experience 2021 By: Taylor Morris and Noah Geens Historically, higher education has played a huge role in achieving transformational societal change. Studies show that students undergo profound changes in epistemological assumptions and in identity during their university years. This provides the opportunity for universities to influence profound growth amongst students. Giving universities the chance to promote more change than any regulatory or market systems, by fostering future generations of citizens who will steer society in a more sustainable direction. As far as we’re concerned, it is a university’s responsibility to help society move towards more sustainable futures.

Now, more universities are engaging in education for sustainable development. Business schools around the globe are teaching responsible management and other types of sustainability education, and the Sprott School of Business is doing the same!

Studies show that successful strategies of education for sustainable development depend on a good understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs held by students. So, to help Sprott School of Business create successful strategies for education, we studied through a survey Sprott students’ attitudes perceptions and understanding of environmental sustainability.

Our survey allowed us to gauge the knowledge and attitudes of Sprott students on environmental sustainability challenges and issues in several different industries. We asked students to rate their familiarity, perceived relevancy to business students, and their interest in learning more about environmental sustainability issues across 11 different business sectors.

We then used this data to inform our research team of content to be included in an upcoming course - Business and Environmental Sustainability II. Our findings show that Sprott students are aware of their lack of knowledge of environmental sustainability issues.

Familiarity with each sector was lower than both relevancy of that knowledge and interest in that knowledge.

Sprott students rated their familiarity highest for sectors like retail, energy, and transportation. This is unsurprising since environmental issues in these sectors issues are highly visible in the media. It is common to see discussions of rising oil prices, electric cars, and fast fashion brands being snubbed for greenwashing in the media today.

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Taylor Morris

Noah Geens

What surprised us most was that the finance and banking sectors scored lowest for student familiarity, far behind any other industry, yet many would expect business students to have higher knowledge in this area!

of environmental issues tackling the many pressing and systemic environmental challenges of business today.

A wonderful thing to see from our results was the elevated level of interest in learning about environmental challenges in each area of business. Interest rated higher than familiarity and relevancy across the board, sometimes even dwarfing familiarity (cough, cough, finance and banking, cough). Interest was highest in retail, transportation, energy, natural resources, and waste management.

Therefore, these industries will be covered in the course by knowledgeable and established industry speakers.

As a final question, we asked students to provide any feedback, ideas, or concerns that they had about the development of the course. We received great feedback, directly from students just like us. Most students voiced their excitement for the course, hoping to be able to take it soon (or eventually for some first years). While some shared ideas, such as a suggestion to cover the topic of fast fashion, moving towards a circular economy, and ensuring the course is taught with an emphasis on critical analysis.

We also had a few negative comments, such as: “I personally don’t care about any of this. Business students don’t need a science class. We need courses that can give the students more real-world skills that could be used for good.”

However, this isn’t a science course. It is a business course, showing how environmental sustainability issues are approached from the experience of business managers and employees. In this course, participants will dive into topics and debates that will help students learn more about economics, policy, and the intersectionality 34 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

We have learned a lot over the last few months working on this research. This research project allowed us to flex our academic muscles. We know more about running surveys than before. We learned that creating a well-thought-out survey that provides useful data is easier said than done.

And we learned that getting students to both see and answer a survey can be challenging, especially during the summer. Although our study produced a small pool of data from just one business school, we are very hopeful the results will be used to encourage the development of meaningful course content in environmental sustainability.

The Undergraduate Summer Research Experience was challenging but rewarding. We have learned that Sprott has students who care deeply about environmental sustainability and want to learn more about the challenges businesses face. We learned that students have an interest in the future course Business and Environmental Sustainability II and other sustainability-centered courses here at Sprott. With so many students interested in learning more about sustainability and business, we look forward to a brighter future for everyone.

We would like to thank our supervising Professors, Dr. Ruth McKay and Dr. Gary Martin. We would also like to thank Sprott faculty and staff, both for the opportunity to be involved in this research project as well as the support along the way. Finally, we’d like to thank the Sprott Student’s Business Society, without whom we would not have had any data to support our project!

2021 Publications Books

Papadopoulos, N., & Cleveland, M. (2021). Marketing Countries, Places, and Place-associated Brands: Identity and Image. Edward Elgar.

Book Chapters

Colbourne, R. (2021). Indigenous Entrepreneurship. In T.M Cooney (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook on Minority Entrepreneurship. Abington, United Kingdom: Routledge.

Farivar, S., & Wang, F. (2021).

Influencer Marketing: Current Knowledge and Research Agenda.

In Francisco J. Martínez-López and Steven D’Alessandro (Eds.), Advances in Digital Marketing and eCommerce (pp. 201-208). Springer.

Koul, S., Kumar, U., Kumar, V., & Rajput, P.K. (2021). Being Distinctive and Successful is a Balancing Act – Evidence from an Indian MSME. In A.K. Dey, Ville-Veikko Piispanen and S. Mishra (Eds.), Sustainable Entrepreneurship Innovation and Transformation (pp. 175-188). India: Bloomsbury India.

Papadopoulos, N., & Cleveland, M. (2021). Introduction: The ‘Country’ vs.

‘Place’ and ‘Marketing’ vs. ‘Branding’ Conundrum. Marketing Countries, Places, and Place-associated Brands: Identity and Image. Edward Elgar.

Papadopoulos, N., & Cleveland, M. (2021). Will the Twain Ever Meet?

‘Place’ vs. ‘Country’ in Research

and Practice. Marketing Countries, Places, and Place-associated Brands.

Edward Elgar Cleveland, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2021). The Fabric of PersonPlace-Time: What Metaphors from Outer Space Can Teach Us in Place Branding. Marketing Countries, Places, and Place-associated Brands: Identity and Image. Edward Elgar.

Papadopoulos, N., & Bartikowski, B. (2021). Consumer Dispositions and Product Connections to Places: From Parochialism to Cosmopolitanism and Beyond. Marketing Countries, Places, and Place-associated Brandscts. Edward Elgar.

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Cleveland, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2021). Epilogue: ‘Between a Rock and a Hard PLACE. Marketing Countries, Places, and Placeassociated Brands: Identity and Image. Edward Elgar. di Tollo, G., Andria, J., & Tanev, S. (2021). Neural Networks to Determine the Relationships Between Business Innovation and Gender Aspects.

Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance (pp. 193-199). Springer.

Peer-Reviewed Journals

Al Guindy, M. (2021). Corporate Twitter use and cost of equity capital.

Journal of Corporate Finance, 68, 101926, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jcorpfin.2021.101926.

Al Guindy, M. (2021). Cryptocurrency price volatility and investor attention. International Review of Economics and Finance, 76, 556570, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. iref.2021.06.007.

Al Guindy, M. (2021, online).

Fear and hope in financial social networks: Evidence from COVID-19.

Finance Research Letters, 102271., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. frl.2021.102271.

Apaydin, M., Jiang, G., Demirbag, M., & Jamali, D. (2021). The importance of corporate social responsibility strategic fit and times of economic hardship. British Journal of Management, 32 (2), 399-415, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/14678551.12402.

Aweisi, A., Arora, D., Emby, R., Rehman, M., Tanev, G., Tanev, S. (2021). Using web text analytics to identify digital health company

market offers. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11 (7/8), 6578, doi: http://doi.org/10.22215/ timreview/145.

Ayoobzadeh, M., Lyons, S. T., & Schweitzer, L. (2021). Career Expectations of International and Domestic Students in Canada.

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-20, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-02109504-0.

Bae, J., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Lindgreen, A. (2021). Global Value Chains and Supplier Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of Garment Manufacturers in Myanmar. Global Networks, A Journal of Transnational Affairs, 21 (4), 653-680, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1111/glob.12298.

Bahri, M., Sakka, O., & Kallal, R. (2021). The impact of corruption on the export intensity of SMEs in Tunisia: moderating effects of political instability and regulatory obstacles. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13 (5), 1134-1151, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-032020-0055.

Bashuri, E., & Bailetti, A. (2021).

Strategies for a Small to Mediumsized Enterprise to Engage in an Existing Ecosystem. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11 (7/8), 5-19, doi: http://doi. org/10.22215/timreview/1453.

Becker, H. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on the Cuban Tourism Industry and Recommendations for Cuba’s Response. Multidisciplinary Business Review, 14 (1),

36 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

71-83, doi: https://doi. org/10.35692/07183992.14.1.7.

Ben Amar, W., Bujaki, M., McConomy, B., & McIlkenny, P. (2021). Gendering Merit: Challenging the discourse of merit in corporate disclosures related to women on boards. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 75, 1-23, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cpa.2020.102170.

Bujaki, M., & Brouard, F. (2021).

Students Reflections on Assurance and Taxation during COVID-19: A Commentary. Accounting Perspectives, 20 (3), 327-355, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/19113838.12262.

Bujaki, M., Durocher, S., Brouard, F., & Neilson, L. (2021). Conflicting accounts of inclusiveness in accounting firm recruitment website photographs. European Accounting Review, 30 (3), 473-501, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.17 86420.

Bujaki, M., & McConomy, B. (2021, online). Internal controls, labour processes and work at the Isthmus Lockstation, Rideau Canal, 1832– 1854: Discipline and governmentality at a distance. Accounting History, 27(2):231-258, doi: https://doi.org/10.

1177/10323732211028366.

Cai, S., & Wang, X. (2021). Boundary spanner closeness to partner firm as relational governance in turbulent versus stable environments.

European Journal of Marketing, 56 (1), 252-282, doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/EJM-05-2020-0356.

Cai, S., Jun, M., Wang, X., & Yang, Z. (2021). On boundary spanners and interfirm embeddedness:

the moderating effect of guanxi institution in China. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 27 (1), 100671, doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pursup.2021.100671.

Cai, S., Wang, X., Zhou, X., Hyman, M. R., & Yang, Z. (2021). Political and Community Logics Jointly Affect ‘Social Distancing’ Compliance.

Sustainable Cities and Society, 74, 103200, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scs.2021.103200.

Callery, P., & Perkins, J. (2021).

Detecting false accounts in intermediated voluntary disclosure.

Academy of Management Discoveries, 7 (1), 40-56, doi: https:// doi.org/10.5465/amd.2018.0229.

Callery, P., Goodwin, C., & Moncayo, D. (2021). Norm proximity and optimal social comparisons for energy conservation behavior. Journal of Environmental Management, 296, 113332, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2021.113332.

Chung, S., Down, H., Bae, J., & Lee, J. (2021). A double-edged sword of strong ties: The case of a Korean MNC and its labor auditing. Journal of Asian Sociology, 50 (1), 33-54, doi: 10.21588/dns.2021.50.1.003.

Cleveland, M., Papadopoulos, N., & Laroche, M. (2021). Global Consumer Culture and National Identity as Drivers of Materialism: An International Study of Convergence and Divergence. International Marketing Review., doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/IMR-02-2021-0097.

Dang, V. Q., Otchere, I., So, E. P., & Yan, I. K.M. (2021). Not All Shadow Banking is Bad! Evidence from Credit Intermediation of Non-

Financial Chinese Firms. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 57, 1437–1462, doi: https://doi. org/10.1007/s11156-021-00983-4.

Deng, Q., Hine, M., Ji, S., & Wang, Y. (2021). Understanding consumer engagement with brand posts on social media: The effects of post linguistic styles. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 48, 101068, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101068.

Deng, Q., Hine, M., Ji, S., & Wang, Y. (2021). What Makes Brand Social Media Posts Engaging? An Integrative Framework and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Internet Commerce., doi: https://doi. org/10.1080/15332861.2021.20115 99.

Deng, Q., Wang, Y., Rod, M., & Ji, S. (2021). Speak to head and heart: The effects of linguistic features on B2B brand engagement on social media. Industrial Marketing Management, 99, 1-15, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indmarman.2021.09.005.

Duxbury, L., Bardoel, A., & Halinski, M. (2021). ‘Bringing the Badge home’: exploring the relationship between role overload, work-family conflict, and stress in police officers.

Policing and Society, 31 (8), 9971016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/104 39463.2020.1822837.

Elnahla, N., & Neilson, L. (2021).

Retaillance: A conceptual framework and review of surveillance in retail.

International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 31 (3), 330-357, doi: https://doi.org/1 0.1080/09593969.2021.1873817.

Farivar, S., Wang, F., & Yuan, Y. (2021). Opinion leadership vs. parasocial relationship: Key factors in influencer marketing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102371, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jretconser.2020.102371.

Firoozi, M., & Keddie, L. (2021).

Geographical Diversity Among Directors and Corporate Social Responsibility. British Journal of Management., doi: https://doi. org/10.1111/1467-8551.12481.

Gaudet, S., Marchand, I., Bujaki, M., & Bourgeault, I. L. (2021). Women and gender equity in academia through the conceptual lens of care.

Journal of Gender Studies, 31 (1), 7486, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0958 9236.2021.1944848.

Gong, Q., Jacoby, G., Li, S., & Lu, L. (2021). Commonality in disagreement. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 67, 101573, doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101573.

Greve, K., De Vita, R., Leminen, S., & Westerlund, M. (2021). Living Labs: From Niche to Mainstream Innovation Management. Sustainability, 13 (2), 791, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ su13020791.

Han, Y., Chaudhury, T., & Sears, G. (2021). Does career resilience promote subjective well-being? Mediating effects of career success and work stress on the career resilience – life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Career Development, 48 (4), 338-353, doi: https://doi. org/10.1177/0894845319851875.

Han, Y., Gulanowski, D., & Sears, G. J. (2021, online). International student

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graduates’ workforce integration: A systematic review. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 85, 163-189, doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.11.003.

Hari, A., Nardon, L., & Zhang, H. (2021, online). A Transnational Lens into International Student Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Global Networks, A Journal of Transnational Affairs., doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12332.

Ibrahim, S., Fowler, A., & Kiggundu, M. (2021). Business management education in the African context of (post-) Covid-19: Applying a proximity framework. Africa Journal of Management, 7 (1), 13-38, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2 021.1878807.

James, Y., Bourgeault, I., Gaudet, S., & Bujaki, M. (2021). Care Work and Academic Motherhood: Challenges for Research and Tenure in the Canadian University. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 51 (4), 85-99, doi: https://doi.org/10.47678/ cjhe.v51i4.189061.

Khosrojerdi, F., Akhigbe, S., Gagnon, S., Ramirez, A., & Richard, G. (2021). Integrating artificial intelligence and analytics in smart grids: a systematic literature review.

International Journal of Energy Sector Management., doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/IJESM-06-2020-0011.

Kuzhabekova, A., & Nardon, L. (2021). Refugee students’ transition from higher education to employment: Setting a research agenda. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies., doi: https://doi.org /10.1080/15562948.2021.1995922.

Kwon, H., Bae, J., Lee, J., & Chung, S. (2021). Toward a bipolar apparel GVC? From the perspective of first-tier suppliers. Journal of Asian Sociology, 50 (1), 9-32, doi: 10.21588/dns.2021.50.1.002.

McShane, L., Pancer, E., Poole, M., & Deng, Q. (2021). Emoji, Playfulness, and Brand Engagement on Twitter.

Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53, 96-110, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. intmar.2020.06.002.

Lanctot, A., & Duxbury, L. (2021).

When everything is urgent! Mail use and employee wellbeing. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100152, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chbr.2021.100152.

Mkansi, M., & Nsakanda, A. (2021). Leveraging the physical network of stores in e-grocery order fulfilment for sustainable competitive advantage. Research in Transportation Economics., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. retrec.2019.100786.

Leminen, S., Rajahonka, M., Westerlund, M., & Hossain, M. (2021). Collaborative Innovation for Sustainability in Nordic Cities.

Journal of Cleaner Production, 328, 129549, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2021.129549.

Lento, C., Butt, I., Bujaki, M., Anderson, N., & Ogima, C. (2021). A Canadian Perspective on Indigenous Peoples and Accounting Research: Using a Systematic Literature Review to Promote Inquiry and Inclusion.

Accounting Perspectives, 20 (4), 771806, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/19113838.12268.

Lu, I., Kwan, E., Heslop, L., Brouard, F., & Isabelle, D. (2021).

Entrepreneurial Motivation in University Business Students: A Latent Profile Analysis based on Self- Determination Theory.

Entrepreneurship Research Journal., doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-20200449.

McIntyre, M., Caputo, T., Hodgkinson, L., Wang, L., & Davidson, R. (2021).

Using Organizational Performance Assessment to Improve Service to the Community. Police Practice and Research., doi: 10.1080/15614263.20 20.1795859.

38 Carleton University Sprott School of Business RESEARCH REVIEW 2021

Mohsni, S., Otchere, I., & Shahriar, S. (2021, online). Board gender diversity, firm performance and risktaking in developing countries: the moderating role of culture.

Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 73, 101360, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. intfin.2021.101360.

Mohsni, S., Otchere, I., & Yamada, K. (2021, online). Passive trading and firm performance: A quasi-natural experiment using the TSE-OSE merger in Japan. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 70., doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101666.

Muegge, S., & Sandstorm, G. (2021). Editorial: Distributed ledger technologies for smart digital economies. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11 (6), 3-5, doi: http://doi.org/10.22215/ timreview/1444.

Muhammad, H., Migliore, S., & Mohsni, S. (2021). Capital structure and firm performance: the role of corporate governance. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 15 (4), 436 - 458, doi: 10.1504/IJBGE.2021.118595.

Muhammad, H., Migliori, S., & Mohsni, S. (2021). Corporate governance and R&D investment: the role of debt financing. Industrial and Corporate Change., doi: https://doi. org/10.1093/icc/dtab056.

Nardon, L., & Hari, A. (2021).

Sensemaking through metaphors: The role of imaginative metaphors in constructing new understandings.

International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1-10, doi: https://doi.org /10.1177%2F16094069211019589.

Nardon, L., Hari, A., & Aarma, K. (2021). Reflective Interviewing – Increasing Social Impact through Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20., doi: https://doi. org/10.1177/16094069211065233.

Nardon, L., Hari, A., Zhang, H., Hoselton, L., & Kuzhabekova, A. (2021, online). Skilled immigrant women’s career trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion., doi: 10.1108/EDI-09-2020-0255.

Nardon, L., Zhang, H., Szkudlarek, B., & Gulanowski, D. (2021).

Identity work in refugee workforce integration: The role of newcomer support organizations. Human Relations, 28 (1), 29-51, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1177/0018726720949630.

Nelson, S., & Duxbury, L. (2021).

Breaking the mold: Retention strategies for generations X and Y in a prototypical accounting firm.

Human Resource Development Quaterly, 32 (2), 155-178, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21414.

Ng, E.S.W, Sears, G., & Arnold, K.A (2021). Exploring the influence

of CEO and chief diversity officers’ relational demography on organizational diversity management: An identity-based perspective.

Management Decision, 59 (11), 25832605, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ MD-01-2019-0135.

Nsakanda, A. (2021). Introduction to the Supplement: Advancing the practice of operations management and innovation to drive Africa forward in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Africa Journal of Management, 7, 6-16, doi: https://doi. org/10.1080/23322373.2021.19306 92.

Oldford, E., & Otchere, I. (2021).

Institutional cross-ownership, heterogeneous incentives, and negative premium mergers. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 57, 321-351, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11156-020-009461.

Prabaharan, R., Bliemel, M., & Tanev, S. (2021). Value Proposition Misalignment and the Failure to Become a Born-Global Company.

Technology Innovation Management Review, 11 (4), 38-51, doi: http://doi. org/10.22215/timreview/1435.

Richelieu, A., & Webb, A. (2021).

Strategic Sports Marketing in the Society of the Spectacle. Journal of Strategic Marketing., doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/096525 4X.2021.1965188.

Rojas-Mendez, J. (2021). Explaining People’s Worry Levels During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Socio-Economic and Cultural Dimensions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 737917–737917, doi: https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737917.

Rojas-Mendez, J., & Kolotylo, J. (2021). Why Do Russian Consumers Prefer Foreign-Made Products and Brands? Journal of Global Marketing., doi: https://doi.org/10.10 80/08911762.2021.1968555.

Ruff, K. (2021). How Impact Measurement Devices Act: The performativity of Theory of Change, SROI and dashboards. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 18 (3), 332-360, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-022019-0041.

Ruff, K. (2021). In support of making up users. Critical Perspectives on Accounting., doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102325.

Sadavoy, J., Sajedinejad, S., Duxbury, L., & Chiu, M. (2021).

The impact on employees of providing informal caregiving for someone with dementia.

Aging & Mental Health., doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1871878.

Sears, G., & Han, Y. (2021). Do employee responses to organizational support depend on their personality?

The joint moderating role of conscientiousness and emotional stability. Employee Relations, 43 (5), 1130-1146, doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/ER-06-2020-0267.

Sears, G., Ng, E., & Backkaloglu, M. (2021). White and minority employee reactions to perceived discrimination at work: evidence of White fragility?

International Journal of Manpower, 42 (4), 661-682, doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/IJM-12-2019-0535.

Shareef, M. A., Dwivedi, Y., Ahmed, J. U., Kumar, U., & Mahmud, R. (2021).

Stakeholders conflict and private–

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public partnership chain (PPPC): supply chain of perishable product.

International Journal of Logistics Management., doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/IJLM-12-2020-0486.

Shareef, M. A., Dwivedi, Y., Wright, A., Kumar, V., Sharma, S.K., N. P. Rana (2021). Lockdown and Sustainability: An Effective Model of Information and Communication Technology.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 65, 120531, doi: 10.1016/j. techfore.2020.120531.

Shareef, M.A., Kumar, V., Dwivedi, Y., Kumar, U., Akram, M.S., R. Raman (2021). A New Health Care System Enabled by Machine Intelligence: Elderly People’s Trust or Losing Self Control. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120334, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2020.120334.

Shaw, J. A., & Muegge, S. (2021). Ecosystems, design, and glocalization: A multi-level study of Technovation. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11 (5), 32-43, doi: http://doi. org/10.22215/timreview/1440.

Sieklicki, S., & Tanev, S. (2021).

From Description to Action: ActorNetwork Theory and Innovation Management. International Journal of Innovation Management, 21400061-18, doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/ S1363919621400065.

Singh, A., Misra, S.C., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2021). Identification and ordering of safety performance indicators using Fuzzy TOPSIS: A case study in Indian construction company. International Journal of

Quality and Reliability Management., doi: 10.1108/IJQRM-02-2020-0051.

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CONTACT US Associate Dean, Research and International Sprott School of Business, Carleton University Tel: 613-520-2388 Email: info@sprott.carleton.ca Web: sprott.carleton.ca/research