

Exterior Directory 2025
FEATURING THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY PAVING COLLECTION


Credit: David Loy of Your Garden Design
Shaping the Outdoors, Beautifully
At Ca’ Pietra, we believe a great outdoor space deserves more than just practicality, it deserves soul.
Our collections are chosen for how they feel underfoot, how they weather with time and how effortlessly they sit in a landscape. Whether it’s a walled garden, a modern courtyard or a coastal terrace, this guide is here to help you specify surfaces that are built to last and built to be lived in.
Why choose Ca’ Pietra for outdoor projects?
Ready-stocked for residential and light commercial use.
Reliable UK lead times - no guessing, no waiting. Samples, showrooms and expert support when you need it.
Bespoke fabrication through our in-house Ca’ Pietra Artisans workshop.

Endorsed by
the Royal Horticultural Society
PAVING COLLECTIONS SHAPED FOR LIFE OUTDOORS.
We’re proud to announce that our paving collection is now officially endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), a mark of trust and excellence in garden and landscape design.
The RHS is the UK’s largest gardening charity, helping people and plants to grow.
Their mission is to make gardening a way of life that is accessible to everyone –nurturing health, happiness, stronger communities and a more resilient world.
Guided by 220 years of experience, they support gardeners of all ages with expert advice, community and schools projects, scientific research, professional qualifications, their five RHS Gardens, and events including the iconic RHS Chelsea Flower Show.
This endorsement covers our collection of natural stone and porcelain paving showcased from page 8 to 53. It’s a reflection of our commitment to surfaces that don’t just look beautiful on day one, but are built to perform - season after season, year after year.
From heritage flagstones and warm limestone terraces to contemporary porcelain designs, every Ca’ Pietra paving product is carefully selected, finished and tested to meet the practical demands of outdoor living. Whether you’re designing a quiet courtyard, a grand country garden or an urban terrace, our paving offers the balance of craft, durability and style that today’s landscapes demand.
This collaboration with the RHS feels natural and is based on a shared belief that great outdoor spaces deserve materials that are thoughtfully chosen, expertly made and designed to stand the test of time.





Wychwood Limestone Tumbled & Etched
Credit: Siân Parry Jones. Photography by Nick Smith.
Stone Paving
Natural Stone & Clay
CHARACTERFUL, DURABLE AND MADE TO LIVE OUTDOORS.
Crafted in clay and natural stone, our outdoor tiles are frost-resistant and thicker than our in/out collection, making them easy to install and built to endure. Designed to work beautifully on their own or in harmony with indoor spaces, they’ll weather over time, adding depth and character to any landscape.
ANTIQUE ENGLISH
BRITISH SANDSTONE - RECLAIMED
Reclaimed, traditional English paving flagstones, ideal for heritage and restoration projects. Each project is sourced and priced individually and usually supplied as a random rectangular pattern.
ATELIER COLLECTION


Suitable for exterior paving. Can be supplied as coursed or random rectangular paving. Calibrated and non-calibrated options also available.

Credit: David Loy of Your Garden Design

Credit: David Loy of Your Garden Design
BUSCOT
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
A versatile, durable, fine-grained limestone, similar in tone to native Cotswold stone with occasional fossil markings. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.



FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4
Pool Corner Piece: 1 00 x 100 x 4
3cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Bespoke manufacture
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Internal finishes and formats also available.
Previously known as Neranjo. Please note that Copings, Slabs and Pool Corners are not endorsed by The RHS.
Coping
Pool Corner Piece
Paving
BUSCOT
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED

The tumbled finish roughens the edges and ages the stone, while the additional etched finish provides additional grip, without compromising on the stone's colour. This look makes the stone very adaptable for traditional and contemporary design schemes.






FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3cm
Cobbles: 20 x Random x 3
Klinkers: 5 x 20 x 4
Also available:
Double Pencil Coping: 100 x 40 x 4
Pool Corner Piece: 100 x 100 x 4
3cm Slab (Acid Washed)
4cm Slab (Acid Washed)
2cm Slab
3cm Slab
5cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
PTV
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Bespoke manufacture
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Internal finishes and formats also available.
Previously known as Neranjo. Please note that Copings, Slabs and Pool Corners are not endorsed by The RHS.
Pool Corner Piece
Cobbles
Paving Klinkers Coping



Credit: Viridis Landscapes & Bath Garden Design
Credit: Victoria Mcgrath / Frow Home
Cobbles
Credit: Viridis Landscapes and Bath Garden Design

CASTILAN KLINKERS
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED
Big on character, Castilan Klinkers feature a subtle, organic blend of cream, brown and beige tones, accented by occasional speckled fossils. Their warm, traditional feel makes them perfect for creating inviting spaces and softly dappled terraces.



5 x 20 x 4
Suitable for exterior paving, driveways and pool surrounds, sealing required. FORMAT (CM)
HAMPLEDON BUFF
BRITISH SANDSTONE - RIVEN
This warm buff tone is the classic choice for traditional hand riven York stone.

FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x Random x 4 - 10
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity



SKU 14818
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
AVAILABILITY Special order
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required. Due to the riven finish, dimensional tolerances for this product are high.
HAMPLEDON GREY
BRITISH SANDSTONE - RIVEN


FORMAT (CM)
SKU
£M 2 EX VAT
This soft grey-toned riven York paving has slight beige inclusions and tonal variation which give a characterful effect. £M 2 INC VAT £210.00


AVAILABILITY
Paving: 60 x Random x 4 - 10
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
£175.00
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
Special order
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required. Due to the riven finish, dimensional tolerances for this product are high.
KIMMERIDGE
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
A grey limestone with scattered fossils, and tones ranging from graphite to ash grey, reminiscent of native Purbeck stone. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.



FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4
2cm Slab
3cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
£190.00 each
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request.
Internal finishes and formats also available.
Previously known as Corfe. Please note that Coping and slabs are not endorsed by The RHS.
PTV 81
PTV 77
Coping
Paving
KIMMERIDGE
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
A grey limestone with scattered fossils, and tones ranging from graphite to ash grey, reminiscent of native Purbeck stone. The Tumbled and Etched finish gives an aged look whilst maintaining the colour.

FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3 SKU 30536
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
PTV 45
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Previously known as Corfe.
Credit: Claire Merriman
MATRAVERS
SANDSTONE - SAWN/TUMBLED
A fine-grained, speckled grey sandstone from Europe with subtle tonal variation for added character.

FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3 (Sawn)
Cobbles: 14 x Random x 4 (Tumbled)
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4 (Sawn)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)

BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1926
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
£M 2 INC VAT
£121.50
£139.99
£125.00 each



NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required. Please note that Copings are not endorsed by The RHS.
Coping
Paving
Cobbles


TRAFALGAR
SANDSTONE - ETCHED/TUMBLED
A smooth, homogeneous ivory-greige European sandstone, with exceptionally fine grain for superior weather resistance.




FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3 (Etched)
Cobbles: 14 x Random x 4 (Tumbled)
Klinkers: 5 x 20 x 4 (Tumbled)
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4 (Etched)
4cm Slab (Etched)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Compressive Strength
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)


£M 2 EX VAT
£101.25
£116.66
£125.00
£104.17 each POA
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 1926
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
£M 2 INC VAT
£121.50
£139.99
£150.00
£125.00 each POA
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Please note that Copings and Slabs are not endorsed by The RHS.
Coping
Paving
Cobbles
Klinkers

Credit: Mittelman
by Chris Snook.
TRUSLOE
LIMESTONE - SEASONED
The tones may be soft and muted, but the stone is as hard as nails – virtually indestructible, in fact. The natural riven face of the stone is smoothed off, then ‘seasoned’ to give the appearance of a time-worn, country house terrace.

FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 3
Also available:
Bullnosed coping: 40 x 90 x 4
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
SKU 31058 7064
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
£M 2 EX VAT
£65.83
£95.83 each
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
£M 2 INC VAT
£79.00
£115.00 each
RESULT
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
/ 3.81% 21mm
PTV 76
PTV 56


Paving

Coping
PALLET QUANTITY
13m2
20no.
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Previously known as Farley. Please note that Copings are not endorsed by The RHS.
WENSLEY
BRITISH SANDSTONE - HONED
A soft-toned buff York stone, with subtle markings. A perfect project stone, with plenty of bespoke options.

FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x Random x 4



Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required.
WINDSOR COBBLEHEADS
SANDSTONE - RECLAIMED/SAWN
Sympathetically reclaimed in Europe, these cobbles can be laid with either the old, reclaimed face upwards to recreate the traditional, timeworn look, or with the sawn face upwards to give a more contemporary feel to terraces, pathways. Perfect for introducing authentic heritage to a project.

Approx 10 x Random x 2-5cm


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior floors, external paving. Please note that this product is reclaimed, and therefore different batches may vary in tone, format, and in thickness by up to 4cm.
WYCHWOOD
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
One of our most popular external limestone, with a soft fawn beige tone and light, dappled fossils. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.



FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 2.8
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4
Pool Corner Piece: 100 x 100 x 4
2cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Bespoke manufacture
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request.
Internal finishes and formats also available.
Previously known as Hamlet.
Please note that Copings, Slabs and Pool Corners are not endorsed by The RHS.
Pool Corner Piece
Paving
Coping





Credit: Siân Parry Jones
Credit:
Post Barn
WYCHWOOD
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
One of our most popular external limestones, with a soft fawn beige tone and light, dappled fossils. The Tumbled and Etched finish gives an aged look whilst maintaining the colour.



FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x 90 x 2.8
Cobbles: 13 x Random x 2.8
Also available:
Double Pencil Coping 40 x 100 x 4
Pool Corner Piece: 100 x 100 x 4
3cm Slab (Acid Etched)
4cm Slab (Acid Etched)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)

STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003


AVAILABILITY
Special order
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Bespoke manufacture
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Internal finishes and formats also available.
Previously known as Hamlet.
Please note that Copings, Slabs and Pool Corners are not endorsed by The RHS.
Pool Corner Piece
Coping
FLANDERS
CLAY PAVERS -
TUMBLED
These traditional tumbled clay pavers, manufactured in Europe, provide a hardy and beautiful option for paving, zoning and pathways.


(CM)
5.0 x 20.4 x 6
5.0 x 20.4 x 6
5.0 x 20.4 x 6
5.0 x 20.4 x 6



AVAILABILITY
stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving, pool surrounds, sealing required.
Warm Russet
Charcoal
Buff Dark Russet

Warm Russet

Pierre Gris
Porcelain Paving
WHEN YOU WANT THE LOOK OF STONE WITH THE EASE OF PORCELAIN.
Designed to handle the elements without losing its good looks, our porcelain paving collections are smart, strong and made to last beautifully.
R11 or higher slip ratings.
Frost-proof, UV-stable, low-maintenance. 20mm thick for external use.
Some with matching interior tiles for full flow-through design.
CHIC
A simple, clean, creamy beige toned cement look paving, Béton Chic has a contemporary feel whilst still retaining a rustic warmth thanks to the aged-looking edges.





Credit: Sophia Fanciulli Interiors
BRIT STONE
PORCELAIN - HONED
A smooth, homogeneous ivory-greige European sandstone, with exceptionally fine grain for superior weather resistance.






NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds. Slip rating: R11. Rectified. Previously known as Albion.
14813 Burford
14827 Minster
14831 Pennant
Minster
Burford
Credit: Sophia Fanciulli Interiors

PORCELAIN
With warm beige tones reminiscent of Cotswold flagstones and delicate veining, this artfully aged-looking porcelain gives a classic british feel and matches perfectly with our Cotswold internal tiles too.

x


AVAILABILITY
Usually in
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds. Previously known as Walcot.

- TEXTURED
Taking its cue from natural multicoloured slate; Komodo has a vivacious, realistic print and bright contemporary colours; the perfect choice for unique, colourful paving areas, with a tropical feel.


x 2
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds.


LITHOS
PORCELAIN - TEXTURED
Reflecting the timeless appeal of natural slate, Lithos features a dynamic blend of colors and textures, adding depth and character to any space. The versatile tones makes these paving tiles a perfect fit for a wide range of styles and settings.




Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds.
Blanc Earth Blanc
Earth Blanc
PIERRE
PORCELAIN - TEXTURED

With subtle, dappled tonal variation and an aged edge effect, this porcelain paving is a great fit for traditional properties as a low-maintenance option. MATCHING



59.8 x 89.8 x
59.8 x 89.8 x 2
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds. Previously known as Bordeaux.
Beige
Gris
Gris
Gris
Beige

Beige


PORCELAIN - TEXTURED
A reproduction of antique French limestone paving, this high-quality porcelain paving has high tonal variation and an uneven edge to give a time-worn effect.



60.4 x 90.6 x 2
60.4 x 90.6 x 2
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds. Previously known as Nimes.
Cenere Talco
Talco
Cenere
Talco
SOUTHDOWN
PORCELAIN - TEXTURED
The ideal tone for any space - the creamy, aged-stone effect pairs with almost any style, and is a dream to care for.

(CM)
x 90 x 2
PORTARE COLLECTION


Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing with porcelain pre-grout barrier recommended.


WINCHESTER
PORCELAIN - TEXTURED
With a realistic veined limestone effect print and an endlessly versatile fawny-beige colour, Winchester is a great option for welcoming, neutrally toned patios and terraces.

FORMAT (CM)
60 x 90 x 2


AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing with porcelain pre-grout barrier recommended.

Kimmeridge Tumbled & Etched
In & OUT STONE
DESIGNED FOR SPACES THAT FLOW.
Bridging indoors and out, these stones offer a seamless aesthetic and seasonal durability, designed to feel at home in every corner of your world. Slightly slimmer than traditional paving, they're classed as frost resistant, but do require full bedding onto a prepared sub-base to ensure lasting performance.
Matching internal and external formats.
Finishes that meet slip resistance standards without losing natural beauty.
Perfect for pool houses, garden rooms and contemporary extensions.
BUSCOT
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
A versatile, durable, fine-grained internal and external limestone, similar in tone to native Cotswold stone with occasional fossil markings. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.


FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab
3cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Previously known as Neranjo.
BUSCOT
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
The tumbled finish roughens the edges and ages the stone, while the additional etched finish provides additional grip, without compromising on the stone's colour. This look makes the stone very adaptable for traditional and contemporary design schemes.



FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2
Parquet: 7.5 x 30 x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab (Honed)
3cm Slab (Honed)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request.
Previously known as Neranjo.
Parquet
Paving
CASTILAN
The formats of this limestone may be small, but they are big on character - with a subtle, organic-looking blend of cream, brown and beige tones and occasional speckled fossils.




Parquet
Cobbles:
Parquet:
Cobbles

GALWAY
LIMESTONE - SEASONED
Rustic in character and rough around the edges, this extra strong flagstone looks gorgeous in a chic country kitchen and is perfect for an al fresco dining space.





FORMAT (CM)
60 x 90 x 2
Cobbles: 15 x Random x 2
Parquet: 7.5 x 30 x 2
Also available:
Bullnosed Coping: 40 x 100 x 4
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
£M 2 EX VAT
£62.67
£66.58
£66.58
£M 2 INC VAT
£75.20
£79.90
£79.90
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
20no. SKU 8667 14833 14834 14931
£91.67 each
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157: 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
£110.00 each
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required.
Previously known as Tyrone.
/ 0.02% 22mm
PTV 78
PTV 55
Paving Parquet
Cobbles
Coping


HIGHCLERE
SANDSTONE - WEATHERED
A rustic, moody-toned graphite-brown sandstone with a deeply pitted, naturally riven surface and a finish which replicates all the hallmarks of authentic ageing. Perfect for creating a heritage floor that will look the part in a farmhouse or Victorian terrace alike.


FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2.2
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
PALLET QUANTITY 10m2
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required.
Previously known as Beaumont.

KIMMERIDGE
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
A grey limestone with scattered fossils, and tones ranging from graphite to ash grey, reminiscent of native Purbeck stone. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.


REFER TO PAVING CHAPTER FOR THICKER OPTION
FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab
3cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for exterior paving and pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request.
Previously known as Corfe.
KIMMERIDGE
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
A grey limestone with scattered fossils, and tones ranging from graphite to ash grey, reminiscent of native Purbeck stone. The Tumbled and Etched finish gives an aged look whilst maintaining the colour.



FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2
7.5 x 30 x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab (Honed)
3cm Slab (Honed)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Previously known as Corfe.
Parquet
Paving

RIVIERA
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED
Coming in a traditional small flagstone format, this limestone has a characterful blend of soft browns and beiges, with occasional dappled fossils and swirling veins.


FORMAT (CM)
40.6 x Random x 1.8
TEST
Apparent Density
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Compressive Strength (Dry)
Compressive Strength (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
ASTM c241
ASTM C170
ASTM C170
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, sealing required.
Previously known as Rohan.


ROMAINE
LIMESTONE - VELVET
Perfect for a French feel, this limestone has a warming beige tone, with soft tonal variation and an antique-looking finish.


FORMAT (CM)
61 x Random x 1.8
TEST
Apparent Density
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Compressive Strength (Dry)
Compressive Strength (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
ASTM c241
ASTM C170
ASTM C170
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, sealing required. Previously known as Charmot.
TOURAINE
LIMESTONE - SEASONED
With soft, natural tonal variation from cream to greige, a hand worked seasoned finish is applied to this antique-looking limestone giving the character of an authentic, time-honoured flagstone floor.


FORMAT (CM)
61 x Random x 1.8
TEST
Apparent Density
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Compressive Strength (Dry)
Compressive Strength (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
C170
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, sealing required. Previously known as Pont Neuf.





56 Random x 2.2cm
Parquet
56 Random x 2.2cm
Credit: Mittelman Associates.Photography by Chris Snook.
Credit: Mittelman Associates.Photography by Chris Snook.
TRUSLOE
LIMESTONE - SEASONED
The tones may be soft and muted, but the stone is as hard as nails – virtually indestructible, in fact. The natural riven face of the stone is smoothed off, then ‘seasoned’ to give the appearance of a time-worn, country house floor.




FORMAT (CM)
56 x Random x 2.2
Greek Pattern x 2
Cobbles: 15 x Random x 2.2
Parquet: 7 x 30 x 2
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
£M 2 EX VAT
£57.50
£57.50
£66.50
£75.00
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
£M 2 INC VAT
£69.00
£69.00
£79.80
£90.00
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stocK
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required.
Previously known as Farley.
Cobbles
Parquet
Flagstone
EXTERNAL TERRACOTTA - NATURAL
Thanks to a rare blend of minerals contained within the clay used to make this tile, this Italianmade terracotta tile is extremely hard and durable, suitable even for harsh winter frosts.



Suitable for interior walls and floors, external paving, pool surrounds, sealing required.
WEXFORD
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED
An extremely fine and hard limestone with inky, blue-black tones. The colour of these cobbles will vary with nature, depending on the light and whether they are dry or wet.


FORMAT (CM)
20 x Random x 2
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
PALLET QUANTITY 18m2
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required.
Previously known as Ardmore.
Credit: Sophia Fanciulli Interiors
Credit: Sophia Fanciulli Interiors

WAREHAM
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
A grey limestone with high tonal variation, from greige to anthracite, with a soft tumbled appearance and subtle texture.


FORMAT (CM)
40/50 x Random x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab (Etched)
3cm Slab (Etched)
4cm Slab (Etched)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, sealing required. Use Kimmeridge Etched Copings alongside this product for the best match.
Previously known as Chaldon.
WYCHWOOD
LIMESTONE - ETCHED
One of our most popular external limestone, with a soft fawn beige tone and light, dappled fossils. The Etched finish provides good grip and a lighter, more uniform appearance.


FORMAT (CM)
60 x Random x 2
Also available:
2cm Slab
4cm Slab
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
PTV 91
PTV 67
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request. Previously known as Hamlet.


WYCHWOOD
LIMESTONE - TUMBLED & ETCHED
One of our most popular external limestones, with a soft fawn beige tone and light, dappled fossils. The Tumbled and Etched finish gives an aged look whilst maintaining the colour.


FORMAT (CM)
Paving: 60 x Random x 2
Also available:
3cm Slab (Acid Etched)
4cm Slab (Acid Etched)
TEST
Apparent Density
Open Porosity
Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure
Flexural Strength (3 Point)
Frost Resistance (56 Cycles)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Slip Resistance (Dry)
Slip Resistance (Wet)
STANDARD
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 1936 : 2006
BS EN 13755 : 2008
BS EN 12372 : 2006
BS EN 12371 : 2010
BS EN 14066 : 2013
BS EN 14157 : 2004
BS EN 14231 : 2003
BS EN 14231 : 2003
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
NOTES
Suitable for interior and exterior floors, pool surrounds, sealing required. Bespoke formats and finishes available on request.
Previously known as Hamlet

Cotto 6 x 25 x 1.5cm
REFORM
COMPOSITE STONE - TUMBLED
An ingenious blend of recycled stone materials made in a carbon-neutral factory, Reform is highly durable and yet natural in effect. The rich playful tones are softened by the tumbled finish, with its lightly rounded edges and irresistibly tactile feel. Truly a tile made for the future!

Tiles displayed in sets of three showing expected colour variation.







Tiles displayed in sets of four showing expected colour variation.

























12.25 x 12.25 x 1.5
25 x 25 x 1.5
6 x 25 x 1.5
6 x 25 x 1.5
NOTES
OPTIONS
Bianco, Cotto, Mint, Nero, Salmon Pink
Bianco, Cotto, Mint, Nero, Salmon Pink
Bianco, Cotto, Khaki, Mint, Nero, Salmon Pink Leaf Green
AVAILABILITY
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Usually in stock
Suitable for interior and exterior walls and floors, sealing required. Due to the unique characteristics of this product please see full installation and maintenance guidelines on capietra.com before buying. Previously known as Formation.
Bianco 6 x 25 x 1.5cm
Bespoke Outdoor Detailing
WHEN READY-MADE ISN’T QUITE ENOUGH, WE MAKE IT HAPPEN.

From our complementary slabs to paving, we can create everything from shaped copings and bullnosed steps to curved seating and custom drainage. For more complex three-dimensional masonry, we can also source solid block to craft sculptural details and architectural features.
Cut, carved and finished either in our Wiltshire workshop or with trusted supply partners, we offer site templating, technical advice, and fabrication tailored to your drawings, timelines and ideas. This is where practical meets beautiful. For Bespoke enquires, email artisans@capietra.com



Bespoke Steps, Copings and Architectural details.
Credit: Siân Parry Jones. Photography by Nick Smith.
Credit: Artisan Landscapes
STANDARD PROFILE OPTIONS
This collection of stone profiles has been developed from years of expertise and is fabricated to complement the slabs we stock across many of our natural stone paving collections. If you don’t see exactly what you need here, we can always create something unique to your project.














Bullnosed
Half Bullnosed
Bullnosed Scotia
Double Pencil
Single Pencil
Drip Groove
Double Chamfer
Single Chamfer
Chiselled
LED Groove
Square Cut
Mitred Downstand
STOCK NATURAL COPINGS
Crafted in our bestselling stones and held in stock for quick dispatch, these natural stone copings are the perfect finishing touch for pools, steps and walls alike.

Buscot Limestone Etched Bullnosed Coping
£

Buscot Limestone Tumbled & Etched Double Pencil Coping

Galway Limestone Seasoned Bullnosed Coping

Kimmeridge Limestone Etched Bullnosed Coping

Matravers Sandstone Sawn Bullnosed Coping

Trafalgar Sandstone Etched Bullnosed Coping

Trusloe Limestone Etched Bullnosed Coping

Wychwood Limestone Etched Bullnosed Coping

Wychwood Limestone Tumbled & Etched Bullnosed Coping
Samples
SAMPLES THAT MAKE SPECIFICATION SIMPLE

Choosing the right surface starts with seeing and feeling the material first-hand.
We offer a flexible sampling service to support every stage of your project — from small cut samples to larger 30x40cm panels for key areas like paving and pool surrounds. Full tile samples are also available for select collections.
Whether you’re designing a courtyard, terrace or landscaped garden, our samples allow you to explore texture, tone and finish before making a final decision.
Speak to our team to request your samples and we’ll help you bring the vision to life.

Exterior Installation
Please note these are very general guidelines and not definitive instructions. The issuer of these guidelines cannot be held responsible for installation. It is always recommended that a qualified and professional tiler should take responsibility for the installation of all stone and tile products. We recommend that your installer has adequate understanding of how to install our artisanal materials to ensure the best results.
ON RECEIPT OF YOUR ORDER
When you receive your order, please check that you have all your tiles and that they are in good condition as any discrepancies cannot be resolved after installation.
These are brief guidelines for working with natural stones and man-made paving. This general guidance does not imply any guarantee by Ca' Pietra Artisans. We always recommend that a qualified and professional installer should take responsibility for the specification and installation of all stone and tile products.
Current and appropriate industry standards and codes of practice should be observed in all instances. However, if you do decide to install the stone or tiles yourself, we strongly recommend that you do plenty of research into materials and methods, and seek the best advice on how to carry out the installation.
1. WHEN YOU TAKE DELIVERY OF YOUR ORDER
Check that you have all your slabs and that they’re in good condition. Remember, with natural or handcrafted products there will always be some variations in colour tone, veining, surface texture and natural characteristics.
Tip: Keep the tiles on a level, stable surface, stored vertically to avoid any risk of cracking.
2. BEFORE YOU INSTALL
Tips:
Wipe both sides of the tile clean with a sponge and clean water before installation to remove dust. This will ensure good adhesion.
Don’t install slabs in freezing or cold conditions.
Give yourself a dry run by laying your slabs or tiles as they will eventually be laid. This enables you to check you have the correct number and size of slabs and colour blending.
When installing a flagstone, it is important to ensure it is laid the right way up (one way to identify the top, is to look at the sides of the slab
– which usually taper inwards, so that the top is slightly wider than the underside). If in doubt it’s always best to ask a stone expert.
With natural stones, randomly select and mix tiles from the different boxes or crates you receive to ensure a tonal blend across the entirety of the new surface and avoid any colour banding.
3. GENERAL PREPARATION
The golden rule is: tiles must always be ‘solid bedded’ – in other words, avoid any cavities underneath the material.
The bed should support the full slab, not just the corners or in dots/dabs. Do not ‘spot’ bed as this can cause ‘through bed staining’ and will weaken the integrity of the paving. (Please note that precise standards, falls, bed thicknesses and other specifications may vary dependent on the actual application. You should always refer to appropriate and current standards and codes of practice.)
Cutting tiles
Tiles can be cut using a diamond tipped blade –ideally a water-cooled machine for the cleanest cutting. There are different blades for natural stone and for porcelain so it’s important to have the correct one.
Levelling your tiles
Thin tiles (up to 1cm) should be levelled using hand pressure only. A rubber mallet hammer can be used for thicker, more robust slabs.
4. SUBSTRATE PREPARATION AND INSTALLING THE TILES
There are several different methods of installation for external paving. The two most common methods are:
Option 1: If the external works are a continuation of the internal tiling – lay a structural concrete screed, to the appropriate current standards, with the required sub-base. Ensure that adequate falls, cross falls and intersections are accurately created in the screed to fine tolerances, for good levels of drainage. The tiles can then be installed using a flexible thick-bed floor tile adhesive (suitable for external use) following the same tiling standards as internal flooring.
A 10mm notched trowel will provide a 5mm finished adhesive-bed thickness. Leave 6mm wide expansion joints in accordance with current BSEN requirements and at changes of plane. You should fill these joints with exterior grade mastic, matched to the grout/joint colouration.
Option 2: If you are laying external works as ‘slab paving’ rather than tiling – the appropriate sub-base should be laid and well compacted. For good stability this is usually an even 10cm-thick, compacted layer of type 1 granular aggregate (40mm to dust). For most domestic applications a sub-base of 10cm should be sufficient. However, the paving design must be based on ground conditions as well as type and frequency of anticipated loads.
As previously described, falls, cross-falls and intersections must be carefully formed. You should incorporate a minimum fall of 1.25% (1 in 80) and crossfall of 2.5% (1 in 40) in the sub-layer construction to provide adequate surfacewater run-off. Use a ratio between 4:1 and 6:1 of sharp sand, cement and plasticiser (to BSEN requirements). Prepare a base of mortar beneath the slabs – normally around 30-50mm thick.
Stone Finishes
Our stones come in a range of finishes – these may be for aesthetic or practical effect. In an outdoor shower, for example, you may want a more textured finish for better slip resistance. If you are restoring a heritage property, an ageing process such as seasoned will help you to match existing materials.
Please note these descriptions are only a guide because every stone is unique and reacts to the finishing process differently.

ETCHED
The face of the stone is sand-blasted to give a low slip finish; perfect for external and wet areas. The process gives a ‘bleached’ look that gives it a more contemporary appearance. An etched finish is often used internally and can be used to create a seamless look from inside to outdoors.

A riven finish is naturally split along the strata of the stone to create an authentic surface that will vary from stone to stone. There is normally a high variation in thickness with riven stones (unless they are calibrated at source). In order to achieve a relatively even surface, you can use the adhesive bed to reduce this variation.

TUMBLED
The stones are individually placed in a jumbo rotating vat, which is full of pebbles, to create naturally soft, round edges – much like pebbles on a beach. Great for replicating a ‘lived in’ look that is not too rustic.

HONED
The sawn surface of the stone is planed by machine using high-pressure diamond pads to create a smooth face. Depending on its hardness, the surface will be left with a satin or more matt finish. The edges are diamond-sawn and typically contain imperfections. Once grouted, these imperfections blend into the stone for a truly natural effect.


A simple and natural finish, sawn materials are merely cut to size and the natural cut face becomes the finish. In some cases, some light finishing is applied to the surface; to remove any saw marks.

TUMBLED & ETCHED
This is an extra etching process that is applied to tumbled stone to increase slip resistance. The stone undergoes a washing process that etches the surface, to improve it so that it retains its natural warmth and colour.

SEASONED
Heavily tumbled edges and a textured surface, which is either naturally-occurring or applied to give the stone a rugged, flagstone effect.
RIVEN
SAWN
Understanding Weathering of Natural Stone External Paving
Natural Stone has been used for external paving for the past 5,000 years, and the extraordinary resilience of natural stone for this purpose can be seen in the ancient flagstones that pave the floors of ancient Egyptian temples and Babylonian palaces, which are still walked on to this day.
However, stone will take time to acclimatise to its location, and because our climate is cooler and weather patterns can be quite erratic and regularly experiences temperatures below freezing, this weathering can be more extreme and can affect the appearance or strength of the stone. It is perfectly normal for stone to weather with time and this is very much part of the aesthetic of a natural product; and this will vary from stone to stone and location to location.
Generally weathering becomes noticeable several months (and sometimes even up to years) following installation; depending on atmospheric conditions. Generally the surface will appear more rough and small cavities or fault lines open. This effect is often more clearly seen when the surface of the tile is dirty and wet, therefore regular cleaning with a product like our Sarsen Home Deep Clean, Paving Cleaner or a similar natural stone cleaning product is a good option.
Having supplied natural stone for paving for many years, we have found that, generally, when any extensive surface damage occurs due to weathering, it is an extreme case. We would advise retaining some spare tiles from your original order in case of such occasions, and replacing tiles if desired - alternatively you may leave the paving to take on its own character as has happened to ancient stone paving nationwide.
WHAT IS FROST RESISTANCE TESTING?
Frost Resistance is an industry term used to describe the inherent strength of a natural stone to withstand freeze-thaw weathering. However, it is important to understand that there is no accepted basis for passing or failing a frost test under the BS standards; rather frost resistances tests merely provide comparison to other materials. These tests are highly subjective however, and although we regularly retest materials within our range for frost resistance, it is important to remember that Natural Stone is natural, and thus naturally imperfect.
Natural Stones can experience enormous variance in frost resistance between different areas of the quarry, different production batches; which will influence the brittleness/softness and water absorption, both which are key indicators of material frost resistant strength.
Frost Resistance is based on the BS standard regulated Frost Resistance Flexural Strength test, in which a sample piece of the material will pass through at least 56 cycles of being cooled to below freezing and then thawed. This is designed to simulate wintertime temperature changes. This temperature change causes the stone tiles to expand and contract, which can cause damage to softer/more porous materials.
Often a material strength test is undertaken following this to determine if the material has been weakened, or alternatively a visual inspection after the cycles of testing will determine if there has been any damage to the material, and this is noted on a scale of one to five.
We review these tests to determine whether the material is suitable for use in a UK climate based on our experience of natural stone paving.
Of course, in some areas the temperature will annually drop below freeing more times than the stone has been tested for. This does not mean that the material will denature beyond this point, and many natural stones are suitable for many more cycles than this. However, as an industry standard, it is accepted that at least 56 cycles of testing is sufficient to uncover any material weaknesses.
Another important consideration is that the freezing cycle of the test only freeze-tests the material when dry. Water adds considerably greater stress to the material when the temperature goes below freezing, as this expands inside any natural microscopic faults and fissures in the material and pushes these open, a process known as freeze-thaw weathering. Some finishes applied to external Natural Stones to give enhanced anti-slip properties can make the material more open grain, exaggerating and worsening the effects of this process.
WHAT WILL HELP TO PREVENT WEATHERING?
1. Correct Installation
Several things will influence the rate at which stone will weather; but one of the main reasons for this is due to installation. Faulty installation can severely weaken the tiles and cause accelerated or exaggerated weathering.
For further detail, please see our External Paving Installation Guide, but below are a few pertinent points that concern helping to prevent weathering.
It is very important that natural stone paving is laid to a fall/falls, around a 1 in 80 gradient is the normal industry standard- That means that for
every 80cm the area to be tiled should fall by 1cm. This is so that water does not pool on the surface. Rainwater is mildly acidic, so it will corrode natural stone which is alkaline; also standing water can cause accelerated frost damage if the temperatures fall below freezing. The fall may vary dependent on the size of the area but a fall of 1 in 80 is the optimum level.
When laying the slabs it is important to remember to butter a full coat of adhesive to the back of the tile, as well as onto the screed, using a 10mm notched trowel. If laying onto a compacted subbase with 30-50mm cement mortar, then make sure to prime the back of the tile with SBR prior to laying and tamping into the mortar bed. Again, ensure full coverage on the back of the tile. Never use the dot and dab method, as this will weaken the adhesive and leave the tile more exposed to freeze-thaw issues. Often this method can cause staining on the surface of the tile too.
2. Using Sealant
When a stone is lab frost tested its tested in its natural state, so sealing is not going to stop weathering from frost but we do recommend applying a coat of sealant to your natural stone paving, as this will help prevent against water and dirt penetration with an invisible barrier, shielding the stone from the main causes of weathering. We recommend our Sarsen Home Stain Block or Sarsen Home Stain Block Eco, or similar natural stone sealants.
If sealant is not applied, weathering is effectively accelerated; and you can expect to see a change much sooner. Also we advise to reseal every one to five years, depending on how it is looking. If water is seeping into the natural stone tiles rather than draining away due to the fall of the paving, then this could indicate that more sealant is required.
3. Care & Maintenance
Please note that pressure washing is not advised on natural stone paving and can damage the surface of the tiles and open the grain of the stone exposing it to much more rapid weathering. It also will eat away the protective sealant coat if one has been applied.
We advise using a specialist stone cleaning with a product like our Sarsen Home Paving Cleaner that can be applied with a sprayer and hosed down after it has been given the required time to activate.

PERFECTLY IMPERFECT STONE
Sometimes even the most carefully installed, maintained, frost tested natural stone will weather in unexpected and dramatic ways. This is likely due to material weaknessesbeing a product of mother nature, natural stone is not a consistent product; and may contain pockets of weaker material.
In some materials, an abundance of certain minerals or fossils may cause weaknesses, whilst in others a stone may contain less compacted, softer areas which are more susceptible to freeze-thaw weathering. One point to watch out for is delamination, which occurs in natural stones that are comprised of layers- this is especially common in slates and sandstones. If water gets between these layers and freezes, then sometimes an entire area may break away from the tile. This should not affect the durability of the tile below, and is generally a very rare occurrence.
Generally notably weak batches of tiles are rejected in production; but occasionally a batch may slip through with no visible weaknesses. Due to the unpredictable nature of stone, this is natural and unfortunately unavoidable.
Credit:
The Octavia Hill Garden by
Ann-Marie Powell & Blue Diamond with The National Trust at RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2024 –featuring reclaimed York stone.




Showrooms & Trade Support
SEE IT. TOUCH IT. SPECIFY IT WITH CONFIDENCE.
Devizes HQ & Outdoor Showroom
Stonebridge House, Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 3DY
Design Centre Chelsea Harbour 318 Design Centre East, Chelsea Harbour, London SW10 0XE
Hampshire Showroom
Primrose House, London Road, Hartley Wintney, Hook RG27 8RJ
Call: 01380 735888
Email: sales@capietra.com
Our trade and landscape team are here to support –from samples to site visits and everything in between.
PRODUCT INDEX
AAlbion Porcelain 38, 39
Ardmore Limestone Tumbled 77
Antique English Reclaimed Sandstone 8,9
B
Beaumont Sandstone Weathered 62, 63
Béton Chic Porcelain Paving 36, 37
Bordeaux Paving Porcelain 46, 47
Brit Stone Porcelain 38, 39
Buscot Limestone
Etched 56
Etched Paving 10, 11
Tumbled & Etched 57
Tumbled & Etched Paving 12, 13
CCastilan Limestone Tumbled 58, 59
Castilan Klinkers Limestone Tumbled 14, 15
Chaldon Limestone Tumbled & Etched 78, 79
Charmot Limestone Velvet 70, 71
Corfe Limestone
Etched 64, 65
Etched Paving 18
Tumbled & Etched 66, 67
Tumbled & Etched 19
Cotswold Porcelain 40, 41
FFarley Limestone
Seasoned 44, 45
Seasoned Paving 24, 25
Flanders Tumbled Clay Pavers 32, 33
Formation Composite Stone Tumbled 84, 85
G
Galway Limestone Seasoned 60, 61
HHamlet Limestone
Etched 80,81
Etched Paving 28, 29
Tumbled & Etched 82, 83
Tumbled & Etched Paving 30, 31
Hampledon Buff Sandstone Riven 16
Hampledon Grey Sandstone Riven 17
Highclere Sandstone Weathered 62, 63
K
Kimmeridge Limestone
Etched 64, 65
Etched Paving 18
Tumbled & Etched 66, 67
Tumbled & Etched 19
Komodo Porcelain Paving 42, 43
LLithos Porcelain Paving 44, 45
MMatravers Sandstone Sawn/Tumbled 20, 21
N
Neranjo Limestone Etched 36
Etched Paving 10, 11
Tumbled & Etched 37
Tumbled & Etched Paving 12, 13
Nimes Porcelain Paving 48, 49
PPierre Porcelain Paving 46, 47
Pont Neuf Limestone Seasoned 72, 73
Provence Porcelain Paving 48, 49
RReform Composite Stone Tumbled 84, 85
Riviera Limestone Tumbled 68, 69
Rohan Limestone Tumbled 68, 69
Romaine Limestone Velvet 70, 71
S
Sorbonne Limestone Tumbled 58, 59
Southdown Porcelain Paving 50, 51
TTouraine Limestone Seasoned 72, 73
Trafalgar Sandstone Etched/Tumbled 22, 23
Trusloe Limestone Seasoned 74, 75
Seasoned Paving 24, 25
Tyrone Limestone Seasoned 60, 61
WWalcot Porcelain 40, 41
Wansdyke External Terracotta 76
Wareham Limestone Tumbled & Etched 78, 79
Wensley York Sandstone Honed 26
Wexford Limestone Tumbled 77
Winchester Porcelain Paving 52, 53
Windsor Cobbleheads Reclaimed/Sawn 27
Wychwood Limestone
Etched 80, 81
Etched Paving 28, 29
Tumbled & Etched 82, 83
Tumbled & Etched Paving 30, 31
PLEASE NOTE: All prices in this brochure are recommended retail prices excluding VAT and including VAT. We try our best to ensure all images, descriptions and prices are accurate, if you see something in here that doesn’t look right, please let us know and we’ll make sure we amend it as soon as possible. Errors and omissions expected (E&OE) is a phrase used to reduce legal liability for potentially incorrect or incomplete information supplied in a contractually related document such as a quotation or specification. Whilst we try our best not to make errors, If you do spot a pricing error, you will still need to pay the correct price. Pricing within this brochure may be subject to change.
As you browse this brochure, please note: Due to the nature of natural stone and terracotta, there will always be colour variation from stone to stone, along with chips and other organic blemishes. Allowances should also be made for size and thickness – particularly so with our more rustic products. These features are an intrinsic part of natural materials, adding beauty, charm and character that will be unique to your home.
The colour of our stone and tiles can vary slightly from the images in this brochure, due to natural variation in stone batches and the limitations of photography and print. To see more images and to order samples, please visit capietra.com
Ca’ Pietra is a Ca’ Pietra Group Limited brand, Stonebridge House, Nursteed Road, Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 3DY. © Ca’ Pietra Printed in England
