Bear Island Blast

KAAKIJIISHII KIIZIS

GROUNDHOG MOON FEBRUARY

Bear Island

In this issue: You’re invited to the DPHC Info Session - Pg 10 You’re invited to the L&R Forestry Info Session - Pg 27 Juniper: The Little Warrior by BradLey Paul - Pg 36

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PG 2 TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION Regular Council Meeting Become a Portal Member Chief Shelly Moore-Frappier’s Update - January 24, 2021 PG 7 TEME AUGAMA ANISHNABAI Regular Council Meeting Joint Council Meetings Ogimaa Leanna Farr Update Joint Council Update PG 10 DOREEN POTTS HEALTH CENTRE Health Promotions - Facts about HIV / AIDS DPHC Information Session with THU PG 12 INTERIM COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGER Ice Road update

Bear Island

PG 14 LANDS & RESOURCES Media Release: FN Leaders will not consem to Timiskaming Forsest Plan The Importance of 9-1-1 for the Community The Commuity Energy Champion: Update Hydro One Gezhtoojig Economic Development Websites Available for Band Members Firewood Photography Online Workshop COVID Business Links Regional Relief and Recovery Fund Ontario Small Business Support Grant Forestry Information Session Climate Change Project - Intro to Carbon From the Desk of the Lands & Resources Director PG 35 TMFC PRESENTS ONLINE YOGA WITH CHRISTINE FRIDAY PG 36 JUNIPER: THE LITTLE WARRIOR - BY BRADLEY PAUL PG 39 TFN TUTOR PROGRAM PG 39 TFN ANISHNAABEMOWIN SAGASWE’IDIWIN

Bear Island Blast Submissions can be sent to communication@ temagamifirstnation.ca or call 705-237-8943 EXT.107

CONNECT WITH US temagamifirstnation.ca

PG 41 CALL OUT FOR HUNTERS, TRAPPERS AND FISHERS PG 43 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION

NOTICE Regular Council Meeting Thursday, February 11, 2021 7:00 pm at

*NOTE - Due to TFN State of Emergency Level 3 measures: 1. Under agenda item “ANY MATTER A RESIDENT WISHES TO RAISE” - all matters are to be put in writing and sent by mail or email (tfn@temagamifirstnation.ca) by 3:00 p.m. on February 5th.

2. This meeting is accessible via Zoom.

Webex will not be available for this meeting.

Bear Island

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The Bear Island Blast is a monthly publication.

To submit content or subscribe, email communication@temagamifirstnation.ca.

The deadline for submissions for the March Edition is February 22nd, 2021.

www.temagamifirstnation.ca | FEBRUARY 2021

TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION

Sign in as a member on the www.temagamifirstnation.ca website

Find all privileged TFN Chief and Council information on the website when you sign is a member.

More information is being added.

Contact Heidi Jobson Communications Officer communication@ temagamifirstnation.ca or Phone 705-237-8943 ext. 107 if you have any questions.

VACCINE FACTS Vaccination is a personal choice.

By choosing to get the #COVID19 vaccine, you will protect yourself, your family and your community.

Learn more: https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/16069413798 37/1606941507767

Check out the website for all Covid-19 related information.

Stay home, stay safe. www.temagamifirstnation.ca

Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION

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www.temagamifirstnation.ca | FEBRUARY 2021

TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION

Chief Shelly Moore-Frappier

VIDEO UPDATE TO COMMUNITY

Chief Moore-Frappier will be regularly releasing community updates via video to be published

on the Temagami First Nation website and Facebook pages. Like and follow her Ogimaa

page to see all virtual correspondences. We realize some members choose not to participate

virtually, so we will release the information in BI Blast articles in addition to online.

January 24, 2021 Kwe Kwe Temagami First Nation Citizens With the new year now upon us, I want to begin by conveying my gratitude to everyone for your ongoing commitment to keeping our community free of Covid-19. With the recent announcement extending the lockdown, I know that things are even more challenging but it is because of your patience and diligence that our community has no reported cases of the Covid-19 virus.

While we do not have any reported cases, it is imperative that we remain as vigilant as ever in our preventative measures. What we have learned from other First Nation communities is that letting your guard down just slightly can lead to a full-blown outbreak in a matter of days. What we also know is that several factors beyond our control put us at greater risk of attracting the virus.

We know the virus itself can last longer in the cold which increases the likelihood of transmission.

There is a new variant of Covid, B-117, that is more contagious and there are reported cases as far north as Barrie.

There have been several outbreaks in both north eastern Ontario schools and First Nation communities.

Constance Lake First Nation just declared a State of Emergency.

We know the virus spreads often through asymptomatic individuals, that is, people who have COVID-19 but do not show any symptoms like a sore throat or cough.

The choices we make today will affect us in two weeks’ time and this is why the lockdown has been extended and the schools remain closed. Please know that at the heart of every decision we make as your Chief and Council is the safety and wellbeing of our community as a collective. We have several Elders and community members that have underlying health issues that make them extremely vulnerable. Also, as First Nations people, we know that while the virus does not discriminate,

the healthcare system does as many of us have experienced racism in hospitals. We do not want to see any of our community members hospitalized if it can be prevented!

Right now, most of the Intensive Care Units in Ontario are at or over capacity and we need to help curb the upward spike. This means doing our best to stay home with immediate family members, whether home is on Bear Island or in an off-reserve community. It means wearing a mask when outside our homes and keeping at least 6 feet away from another individual who doesn’t reside with us. It means doing our best to limit travel for only essential reasons even with the opening of the ice road. While we are used to traveling and spending time with family and friends at this time of year, we need to postpone our visits.

I want to acknowledge that the lockdown measures and school closure do put increased pressures on our emotional, mental and spiritual being. Remember, we are a community that has faced a pandemic before and that our

Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION

history speaks of resilience and a commitment to help one another. If you or someone in your home needs assistance please contact the Doreen Potts Health Centre. We have dedicated staff to help ensure you have food and necessities. If you are struggling with your mental health, please reach out to staff at the Doreen Potts Health Centre or the Family Healing and Wellness Centre.

Please remember that the lockdown measures are not forever and your Chief and Council continue to meet

regularly to monitor the situation and collectively make decisions that reflect the ever-changing reality we face.

Also, we have hired a new pandemic coordinator, Rachel McKee, who has been seconded from Community Home Care. Rachel is there to assist you with questions about our community response to the pandemic. One of our present priorities is the launch of a community Covid-19 rapid test program and more information will follow once this is in place.

You all have done a great job in keeping the community safe from Covid-19 and we thank you for your continued perseverance and the sacrifices you have had to make.

We will get through this just as our ancestors did.

Closing All my relations, I wish you good health, In the spirit of unity.

Wai Winai Miigwech, and stay safe.

Ogimaa Shelly Moore-Frappier

www.facebook.com/Ogimaa-Shelly-Moore-Frappier • www.temagamifirstnation.ca/ogimaa-shelly-moore-frappier

Virtual Jingle Dress Making Course

for Children and Adults

www.deannehupfield.com 6

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TEME AUGAMA ANISHNABAI

NOTICE

Teme Augama Anishnabai Regular Council Meeting Monday, February 1, 2021 7:00 pm

Meeting held via Zoom Please contact Natasha Fortin for information on attending this zoom meeting as an observer or if you would like anything added to the agenda at jointadmin@temagamifirstnation.ca or 705-978-0110

NOTICE

TAA/TFN Joint Council Meeting Monday, February 8, 2021 & Monday, February 22, 2021 7:00 pm

Meeting held via Zoom Please contact Natasha Fortin for information on attending this zoom meeting as an observer or if you would like anything added to the agenda at jointadmin@temagamifirstnation.ca or 705-978-0110 Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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TEME AUGAMA ANISHNABAI

TEME-AUGAMA ANISHNABAI Kwe Kwe Teme Augama Anishinabai Citizens: Waabi-bineshiinh biisi biisaa-kwe ndizhinikaaz.

Maang dodem. Bear Island n’Daki Menan ndoonjba.

Happy New Year everyone, and I hope that this letter finds all of you well and safe in 2021! I would like to take this time to provide a few updates on the work that Teme Augama Anishinabai Council has been doing.

In early December, TAA Council held an Information Session with our citizens by zoom. We provided some introductions from all of our newly elected Council members; we had our fellow TAA citizen, Dale Turner, on as a guest speaker to talk about Indigenous law and governance; and we provided some brief updates on matters such as citizenship and negotiations and asked for feedback on how to engage with our citizens during this COVID-19 pandemic. We heard some amazing feedback from our citizenship and plan to have another TAA zoom sharing session soon.

Chi Miigwetch to all who had attended, and we hope to see you at our upcoming sessions.

Regarding Negotiations: As you may be aware, our Director of Negotiations, Harvey Filger, passed away suddenly in November. TFN/TAA Joint Council has provided direction for the Director of Negotiations position to be posted.

If you, or anyone that you may know, would be interested in applying for this very important position, please keep an eye out on the Temagami First Nation webpage under Employment or contact the TFN Human Resources Department at 705-237-8943 to find out more. Negotiations are in the early exploratory stages and our TFN/ TAA Councils are working together to become more informed on these matters and will be sharing more information with you soon for your feedback.

Regarding TAA Citizenship: Under previous Joint Council, a Citizenship Committee had been formed. The Citizenship Committee members are Hugh McKenzie, Raymond Katt, Julian Cote,

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Laura Irvine, Dwayne Becker and Cathy Beddows . The TAA and TFN Chiefs sit on the Committee in an ex-officio capacity.

The Committee has been tasked with assisting in the creation of a draft TAA Citizenship Law and development of a plan for moving forward with citizen engagement and ratification of this Law. The draft Citizenship Law has been circulated out to TAA citizens and we are working on plans for upcoming engagements with citizens on the draft Law. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult to hold inperson engagements; however, we are striving forward to share information and receive your feedback as best we can during these difficult times. The Citizenship Committee will be revising the engagement work plan for the Citizenship Law to facilitate engagements during this COVID-19 pandemic. We will share more information with you on that engagement plan once the Committee has had a chance to develop that for Joint Council’s review. In the meantime, the Citizenship Committee is working on the development of a video that can be shared electronically with citizens to provide more information on the draft Citizenship Law as one step to help inform and education our citizens more about this. We hope to share that video in the coming months. Please contact Joint Council Administrator, Natasha Fortin, if you have not yet received a copy of the draft Citizenship Law. She can be reached by telephone at 705-5692663 or by email at jointadmin@temagamifirstnation.ca. Chi Miigwetch to the Citizenship Committee for all of your hard work on this significant endeavour.

Regarding Lands and Resources: There are many activities that are taking place throughout n’Daki Menan. TAA Council has been working very hard with TFN Council and our Lands and Resources Department to ensure our rights and interests are protected with regards to forestry, mining, climate change and all of these many activities which are occurring on our land base. As you may have read in the last BI Blast or other news sources, TAA and TFN leadership have some major concerns with the Timiskaming Forest Management Plan. We are working very hard to ensure our concerns with herbicide use, size of clear cuts, lack of funding and economic benefits and other issues are addressed in a meaningful way. It is our sacred responsibility to protect n’Daki Menan for future generations, and this is just one example of where we are working very hard to uphold that responsibility. There will be a forestry information session held by the Lands and Resources Department soon, and more information will be shared on forestry issues at that

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TEME AUGAMA ANISHNABAI

session for your information and feedback.

Please keep an eye out for communications about the date and time of this session.

Regarding TAA Citizens Contact Information: We need to have your up-todate contact information, so that we can keep you informed about the various matters that our Council is working on. We want to ensure that we have your participation and your voice in all of the matters I have mentioned above. Please contact Joint Council Administrator, Natasha Fortin, to ensure that she has your most up-to-date contact information. She can be reached by telephone at 705-569-2663 or by email at jointadmin@temagamifirstnation.ca.

In closing, TAA Council hopes that all of your families are keeping well and healthy during this difficult COVID-19 pandemic.

We received some feedback during our December zoom information session about holding in person TAA Assemblies. We must err on the side of caution for the health and safety of our citizens and the community.

TAA Council will hold off on scheduling an in-person TAA Assembly until we can ensure that we can all meet together inperson safely. We are hoping very much to hold an in-person TAA Assembly for the Spring. In the meantime, we plan to hold another online zoom information session in February or March to share updates with you and to receive more of your feedback and thoughts.

As always, if you wish to contact me, my email is taachief@temagamifirstnation.ca and you can also reach me by phone at 705-471-1533.

Zaagidewin (Love); Debwewin (Truth) Mnaadendmowin (Respect); Nbwaakaawin (Wisdom); Dbaadendiziwin (Humility); Gwekwaadziwin (Honesty); Aakedhewin (Bravery) I hope for health and wellness to all of you and your families!

Ogimaa Leanna Farr Teme Augama Anishinabai

Joint Council Update February 2021 “We, the Teme-augama Anishinabai Family, have survived and are here today on n’daki menan because of the strong foundation created through the wisdom and strength of our ancestors. To honour them, we commit to build upon their work, with the respect they held for us. Today, we will work with good minds and good words as gifted to us from the Creator, so that the generations that follow will also share this understanding, continue to grow stronger, and flourish with respect and integrity.”

This is the Joint Council mission statement that is used to open meetings, to remind us that we have instructions from the Creator about how to live and we have an obligation to honour our past and future, in the present: To be good ancestors too.

Both councils held elections in July 2020 which saw a change in most leadership positions. Since September, the Joint Council - Teme-Augama Anishinabai and Temagami First Nation Councils – has held meetings monthly.

The Joint Council is responsible for legal matters, including the duty to consult, the settlement negotiations, and lands issues on nDaki-Menan, save for Bear Island which is the sole responsibility of the TFN Council.

Land Settlement negotiations are in a preliminary stage. Formal talks have not begun. Joint Council is in process of hiring the Director of Negotiations, following the sudden death of our friend, Harvey Filger baa.

Crucial to the negotiations is the Citizenship Law. The draft law is complete and the citizenship committee is gearing up for consultations. A short video to help explain the citizenship law is next to complete and will be a major communication tool during the consultation process. The Citizenship Committee plans to hold three virtual sessions on the law. Ontario has taken a hard position: No citizenship law, no agreement.

Meanwhile, the Robinson-Huron Treaty Annuities case is proceeding. We continue to receive correspondence. The Joint Council has set aside one full day to deal with this complex, legal issue before recommending a course of action.

Joint Council directs the Lands and Resources department.

This includes matters relating to the management and uses of lands, waters, plants and animals. Included are any Impact Benefit Agreements, the negotiation of agreements with mining continues on pg 10

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TAA / DPHC continues from pg 9

corporations, and monitoring forest management practices, among others.

Our goal is to make the most out of the ‘duty to consult’: The legal obligation of the Government of Ontario, and the corporations they license, to consult with us and to accommodate our concerns.

In Forest Management Planning under the Ministry of Natural Resources, we deal with four management units: Nipissing, Temiskaming, Temagami, and Sudbury. Seven years ago, efforts were started to keep the Temagami Management Unit from being amalgamated with the Nipissing Unit. In December 2020, the Minister of Natural Resources approved the proposed Local Forest Management Corporation to hold the Sustainable Forest License for the Temagami Unit. Having the Temagami unit in Nipissing would have severely watered down our ability to influence decisions in this unit, which includes Lake Temagami and the set-aside lands. The Joint Councils approved the proposal because it is the best alternative currently, and it has good potential for forest sustainability, co-existence, and economic benefits, such as meaningful jobs and revenuesharing.

We are united with First Nations to the north of us in rejecting the Temiskaming Plan for its brutal approach to forest management that relies heavily on spraying herbicides and clear-cutting.

Wildlife is threatened, especially moose. But there are birds, insects, medicines, and thousands of flora and fauna species that are being destroyed.

There are more responsible methods to manage a forest and still support forest-based industry.

The Sudbury Management Unit is carving a permanent road from the west into nDaki-Menan in an area that is one of the last intact ecosystems in our homeland territory. Elder Alex Mathias has petitioned the councils to stop the Turner Road Extension as it will destroy a 10,000 year old ecosystem for short term gain.

Joint Council has been discussing the need to hire more staff in Lands and Resources. We need increased capacity to honour our sacred obligation to look after our lands and waters for future generations.

Councillor Mary Laronde

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www.temagamifirstnation.ca | FEBRUARY 2021

Health Promotions

THINGS YOU PROBABLY DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT HIV / AIDS 1.

The Symptoms of HIV are different in different stages of infection. People living with HIV tend to be the most infectious in the first few months after being initially infected. Many However, are unaware of their health until later on, when other signs start to show. After the initial infection people may have no symptoms or flu-like symptoms. These symptoms are fever, headaches, rash or sore throat. - https://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids 2.

HIV / AIDS CANNOT be transmitted through kissing, hugging, shaking hands, sharing personal objects, food or water, and can not be picked up by sitting on a public toilet seat. The virus doesn’t live long once it is outside of the human body and loses most of its ability to infect. - https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids 3.

You have probably heard many of the risk factors such as: Unprotected intercourse, being predisposed by another infection (STI’s such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis), Sharing needles, blood transfusions or unsafe injections (which is unlikely due to medical staff needing to test blood) and for health workers, experiencing an accidental needle stick injury. But did you know that a mother who is infected with HIV can protect her baby from HIV by taking Antiretroviral Treatment during pregnancy, childbirth and breast feeding. However, if she stops her treatment while still breastfeeding her baby, she can transfer the virus through her breastmilk. - https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

DOREEN POTTS HEALTH CENTRE

COMMUNITY INFORMATION SESSION With special guest: Acting Medical Officer of Health, TIMISKAMIMG HEALTH UNIT

DR. GLENN CORNEIL

Let’s Talk COVID-19

Vaccine

Join the DPHC and the Timiskamimg Health Unit for Overview of the Local Vaccine Program, Intro to Vaccine Safety with Q & A session for participants via Zoom

Feb.1, 2021 7pm

contact communication@temagamifirstnation.ca for your zoom link Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE

NOTICE

TO COMMUNITY

Welcome Interim Community Infrastructure Manager January 18, 2021 – Temagami First Nation would like to welcome Derek Laronde as Interim Community Infrastructure Manager. We wish to thank Derek for agreeing to step into this role immediately for us. Derek’s experience and skills will definitely help us through this transitional time.

Should you have any questions, please contact Derek Laronde by phone at 705-237-8943 ext. 103 or by email to cim@temagamifirstnation.ca

Temagami First Nation Interim Executive Director David McKenzie

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE 705.237.8943 ext.103 cim@temagamifirstnation.ca | www.temagamifirstnation.ca

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www.temagamifirstnation.ca | FEBRUARY 2021

NOTICE

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE

NOTICE TO COMMUNITY TO COMMUNITY

IceOpening Road Opening Ice Road January 22, 2021 – Temagami First Nation Infrastructure Department wishes to advise the community of Bear Island that the Ice Road will officially OPEN for light vehicle traffic on Monday, January 25th, 2021.

Signs are posted on the ice road and indicate the allowable weight limits. On Monday, January 25th, 2021 the limit will be 3 tonnes. As the ice strengthens the weight limits will increase.

January 22, 2021and – Temagami First Nation w Friendly reminder that when entering exiting the road to reduce yourInfrastructure speed to 20km/hrDepartment and while on the road that the maximum is 40kms/hr. no parking on the road permitted. advise thespeed community ofThere Bearis Island that theiceIce Road will officially OP vehicle traffic on Monday, January , 2021.

Be further advised that those traveling off the marked ice roads25 are doing so at their own risk. TFN Vehicles are not permitted to travel off the marked ice road unless otherwise approved. th

Signs are posted on the ice road and indicate the allowable weight lim

Thank you to the Infrastructure Crew and we remind you all to only travel off island for essential , 2021 the limit will be 3 tonnes. ice streng Monday, January 25threstriction purposes and that a strict No Trespassing for non-residents remains in placeAs untilthe at least February 19, 2021

weight limits will increase.

Should you have any questions, please contact Derek Laronde by phone at Friendly reminder that when entering and exiting 705-237-8943 ext.

103 or by email to cim@temagamifirstnation.ca

the road to reduce y to 20km/hr and while on the road that the maximum speed is 40kms/ parking on the ice road permitted.

Temagami Firstno Nation Interim Community Infrastructure Manager Derek Laronde

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE 705.237.8943 ext.103 cim@temagamifirstnation.ca | www.temagamifirstnation.ca Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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TFN LANDS & RESOURCES

FIRST NATION LEADERS WILL NOT CONSENT TO TIMISKAMING FOREST PLAN (New Liskeard, ON) – First Nation communities in the Timiskaming region are unanimous in their disapproval of the proposed 10-year Timiskaming Forest Management (TFM) plan.

After multiple efforts to work with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests and the Timiskaming Forest Alliance Inc. (TFAI), it has become clear that legitimate efforts to improve the plan, and ensure that First Nations share in the economic benefits of the forest, were not taken seriously. Many serious issues remain unresolved.

MNRF Regional Director Grant Ritchie unilaterally cancelled a scheduled Issue Resolution meeting on Friday, January 15, 2021saying that the First Nations did not provide new information for his consideration. As a result, the First Nation communities of Temagami, Matagami, Matachewan, Teme-Augama Anishnabai, Beaverhouse, and Timiskaming, will not support or consent to the plan, as it now stands.

"Our representatives participated in the forest planning process in good faith, bringing our concerns repeatedly to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, but these concerns have not been addressed in a meaningful way," says Chief Sacha Wabie of Timiskaming First Nation.

Chief Wabie says that the MNRF and the companies do not take their legal obligations to First Nations seriously. "There are literally millions of dollars being made off the Timiskaming forest by companies like Georgia Pacific and Eacom. First Nations receive nothing. The Crown has a legal duty to both consult and accommodate. In this plan they have failed at both."

Chief Chad Boissoneau stated that many ongoing issues related to herbicide spraying, how communities are engaged in the process especially with the government-imposed restrictions during this Pandemic, and respecting values and active land use within the Plan. "The impacts occurring on our traditional land base are drastically decreasing the useable land base, traditional food sources, traditional medicinal plants and further depleting the relationship the First Nations have with the Crown."

Chief Jason Batisse of Matachewan says legitimate concerns and questions about the impacts of herbicide spraying and the size of clear cuts could not be resolved.

"We are strongly opposed to the use of herbicide in the forest, the size of clear cuts, and the lack of adequate protection for moose. Our communities rely on the forest for our food and medicines. We have attempted to share our traditional knowledge with the timber companies and the MNRF, but they do not take it seriously. They have to realize that Western science isn't the only knowledge system. Our Elders tell us they can no longer find the quality of birch they need. The massive clear cuts near our community are just heart-breaking."

Beaverhouse Chief Wayne Wabi says, "Our communities try to participate in good faith in the MNRF planning process but it is demanding and time-consuming. It is a serious burden for First Nations, yet the MNRF refuses to provide financial support to enable meaningful participation.

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TFN LANDS & RESOURCES

MNRF have also refused to adjust the pace of the process even though the CoVid-19 pandemic has made it impossible for us to get feedback from our community members. That puts us at a real disadvantage."

Chief Shelly Moore Frappier, Temagami First Nation, states, "There are very clear indicators that we should be alarmed about the health and wellbeing of our forests. Our community members continue to witness and experience first-hand the effects of climate change within our territory. At the same time, we struggle to uphold our ethics and stewardship practices based on our understanding that the land must be cared for as our relative. This government continues to ignore both the forest management issues we collectively bring forward and yet state they are committed to relationship-building. Well, this relationship should be based on the knowledge that we have centuries of prior experience in sustainable forest management. Unfortunately, this government is choosing to bulldoze its way to a plan that we know will intensify the damage to our forests and increase the threat posed by climate change."

The First Nations have met with the MNRF and sought solutions to these important issues for decades. Teme-Augama Anishnabai Ogimaa (Chief) Leanna Farr says the MNRF and the companies need to respect the forest and its original people. "The Crown has stated to us that they do not need our consent to push the plan forward. This speaks to their dismissive attitude and disregard toward First Nations people. Currently, many First Nations receive no economic benefits from the degradation of our homeland territories which threatens our cultures, our Aboriginal rights and our ability to meet our obligation to provide for future generations. We will not walk away from our sacred duty to protect the land and waters, our inheritance. We will protect our homeland and its biodiversity which has sustained since time immemorial."

The Timiskaming regional First Nations are insisting that the Crown fulfill their fiduciary obligations to meaningfully consult and accommodate with First Nations.

-30For further information please contact: Tara Dantouze, Timiskaming First Nation at Tara.Dantouze@atfn.ca 705-561-3688 Robin Koistinen, Temagami First Nation at robin.koistinen@temagamifirstnation.ca705-2378943 X204 Cathy Yandeau, Matachewan First Nation at landsresources@mfnrez.ca705-962-0764

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TFN LANDS & RESOURCES

Lands and Resources IMPORTANCE OF 9-1-1 FOR THE COMMUNITY As you know our emergency services in our community may require assistance from an outside agency. If they do not know where a particular lot number is or how to access it, this could result in delays in reaching the member in an emergency.

Emergency 9-1-1 is the internationally recognized three-digit telephone number which is used to report an emergency or to request emergency assistance and makes it faster and easier to reach police, fire, and ambulance services. Enhanced 9-1-1 means that the name, address, and phone number of the 9-1-1 caller made from a landline phone are displayed to the call taker at the dispatch centre.

If a community member requires the services of fire, ambulance or police (resident is extremely ill or unable to talk or cannot remember their address), the address will be displayed at the dispatch centre through all landline calls. The resident only needs to remember to dial 9-1-1 and does not need to remember the ten-digit number for emergency services.

If the call is disconnected (caller hangs up) then the call is still displayed at the dispatch center and in most cases the police are sent to the address. The dispatch center can also call back the number as the number is not lost. The dispatcher can also give assistance by providing medical information which could help save a resident’s life while the caller waits for the emergency services to arrive.

Difficulties have often been encountered by emergency services trying to locate properties by using elaborate directions that usually require familiarity with the area. That is another reason to assign each lot with a 9-1-1 address. It can be very confusing for emergency services from outside the area to try and locate your lot without an accurate address.

Without road names and house numbers, it can extremely be difficult to locate your residence as outside emergency services may not be familiar with who resides where. Any past confusion experienced with explaining where you live is virtually non-existent with the 9-1-1 addressing.

This important initiative is in the early stages, will keep you updated as it proceeds.

If you have any questions please contact Mike Molyneaux, Assistant Lands and Resources Director at 705-237-8943 Ext. 205 or assistantlandsdirector@temagamifirstnation.ca

Lands and Resources, Temagami First Nation, General Delivery, Bear Island, ON, P0H 2H0, 705-237-8943

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TFN LANDS & RESOURCES

TEMAGAMI FIRST NATION, THE COMMUNITY ENERGY CHAMPION

From the Desk of: The Community Energy Champion

UPDATE on Hydro One COVID-19 Energy Assistance Programs

- Harri Makivirta –

cec@temagamifirstnation.ca | 705-237-8943 x214

CEAP is still offering up to a maximum of $750.00 for over due Hydro One bills for the second wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic and up to a maximum credit of $1,500 for small business.

1.

2.

In order to qualify, you must meet all of the criteria listed below: You have a overdue amount owing from one or more electricity bills incurred since March 17, 2020. This includes accounts subject to an arrears payment agreement.

If you previously received funding under this program and are reapplying based on overdue amounts still owing, you may qualify for additional funding up to a total combined maximum credit of $750.

Ontario Government Rate Relief - $0.085/kWh ends January 28th st

As of January 21 no extension for Rate Relief has been announced. Hydro One rates will return to the standard (TOU) Time-Of-Use rates and Tiered pricing rates. As of January 1, 2021 the Ontario Government reduced the Ontario Electricity Rebate from 33.2% to 21.2% on the pre tax amount of the bill. This will increase the cost of Electricity in 2021 by approximately 16% compared to pre Covid-19 standard TOU rates.

TOU rates will be :

•

$0.208/kWh peak

•

$0.144/kWh mid-peak

•

$0.101/kWh off-peak

and Tiered pricing will go to :

•

$0.139 above 1,000 kWh/M

•

$0.119 below 1,000 kWh/M.

Note: minus the Ontario Hydro Rebate

Additional Help from Hydro One * Pandemic Relief Program *Late Payment Fee Suspension *Winter Relief

For questions and comments please contact: Harri Makivirta, Community Energy Champion cec@temagamifirstnation.ca | 705-237-8943 x214 Temagami First Nation - BI Blast | FEBRUARY 2021

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Location: Cambrian College, Sudbury Campus 15 WEEK CERTIFICATE PROGRAM Gezhtoojig Employment and Training in partnership with the Infrastructure Health and Safety Association and Cambrian College are seeking interested ABORIGINAL participants for this 15 week job readiness program.

This program will prepare individuals for integration into employment opportunities in the Power Line and Construction sector. As new power grids and infrastructure projects are being developed across Canada, the need for skilled workers in these industries are increasing.

This program is designed to prepare the trainee for entry level and pre-apprenticeship opportunities with various power and construction companies seeking safety conscious ready to work employees.

REQUIREMENTS Valid Drivers License Grade 12 Diploma Must be 18 & over

Financial Assistance is Available

TRAINING MODULES                       

WHMIS Construction Health & Safety Traffic Control Temp. Work Zones Defensive Driving-Commercial Hoisting & Rigging-Basic Safety Mobile Crane Operator 0-8 Ton Anchors Elec. Safety-Hydrovac Operators Equipotential Grounding & Bonding Pole Line Construction ...

1) Climbing 2) Framing 3) Theory 4) and Transformers Introduction to Electrical Theory Electrical Safety High Voltage Working at Heights-Fundamentals of Fall Prevention Propane in Construction Confined Space Hazard Awareness for construction Ladder Handling MSD Prevention Workshop-Trades Safe Pole Handling Hydraulic Aerial Equipment Rescue Practices Conductor Stringing Methods Chainsaw Operation and Maintenance

TO APPLY SEND COVER LETTER AND RESUME TO:

Gezhtoojig Employment & Training Sandra Martin, Special Projects Coordinator getinfo@gezhtoojig.ca 705-524-6772

Visit our website www.gezhtoojig.ca And LIKE US on

Gezhtoojig Employment & Training, 117 Elm St., Unit 102, Sudbury, ON P3C 1T3 Tel: 705-524-6772 or 1-800-361-9256 Fax: 705-524-5152 www.gezhtoojig.ca

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Economic Development Free websites available to band members’ businesses

TFN Economic Development, through the Lands and Resources department, is offering free webpages to Temagami First Nation members' businesses. A professional webpage will be designed for all interested members to promote their businesses and a link will be provided on the Temagami First Nation Website. There is no charge for this service.

Please email John Shymko, Economic Development Officer, at ecdev@temagamifirstnation.ca, or call Lands and Resources, 705-237-8943 ex 203 to book an appointment with John to discuss what photos and information is needed.

Items a website should have: 1) A phone number.

2) An email address.

3) Business Hours.

4) Business Location 5) A photo of your Business, or an image related to your business.

6) A photo of the business owner(s).

7) A description of what you do.

8) A logo, if you have one.

9) A link to a facebook page, if you have one.

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Economic Development FIREWOOD

Pickup or Delivery in the Temagami Area $100.00 per face cord + HST Delivery (with fee) with minimum 3 face cord order: ($300.00 + Delivery Fee + Applicable Taxes) Delivery Fees: (other locations on case by case basis) Temagami - $60.00 * Mine Landing - $80.00 Latchford - $80.00 * Marten River - $80.00 Cheque or Cash only OR Pickup at Daki Menan Yard Site Also Selling Bagged Firewood at $6.00 + HST per bag (Pickup Only) We now accept etransfers to lands@temagamifirstnation.ca

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Economic Development Photography Online Workshop Tuesday, February 23, 6:30 pm

Temagami First Nation - Economic Development is hosting a series of entrepreneurial workshops.

Our sixth online workshop. We will focus on the process of digital photography.

This workshop is a beginner and intermediate level photography workshop but caters to all levels. Bring your camera and/or smartphone ready and learn more about how photography works.

If you would like to learn how to take beautiful photos, this workshop is for you. The workshop will introduce you to the basics of exposure and composition techniques that will open the door to endless photographic possibilities.

Please bring any questions you might have to this workshop.

For those participating, I suggest that if you are are using a smartphone, download the Open Camera for Android or VSCO for Iphones (both are free) or a similar app. These downloads are not mandatory but will help you to override auto settings. Help will also be provided to maximize the automatic settings on your phone.

Register ahead of time as there is limited space in the workshop. The workshop is free and you may join by the following link: Joining info: https://temagami-myca.3cx.net/webrtc/open/1385c201d5f266004bdd56ed1aa78fbdcf16cf3b

from Chrome or Firefox Contact John Shymko via email: ecdev@temagamifirstnation.ca or call 705 237 8943 ex. 203 to register.

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Economic Development January 2021 Covid Business Links Canadian Business Resilience Network

This is the most up to date and comprehensive website I have found.

Resources are laid out in an easy to navigate structure.

Click on the “+” sign to expand any item. https://www.canadianbusinessresiliencenetwork.ca/resources/support-for-business/ Canadian Council for CCAB builds bridges between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples, Aboriginal Business businesses, and communities.

An excellent source for First Nation specific resources. https://www.ccab.com/covid-19-resources/ Coronavirus (COVID-19) Indigenous Services Canada Covid 19 resources and Indigenous communities https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1603131816717/1603131838805 Ontario Business Health A toll-free line to provide support to Ontario businesses who have Questions questions about the province's emergency orders following recommendations by Ontario's Chief Medical Officer of Health. Help is available from Monday to Sunday, from 8:30 a.m.―5:00 p.m.

1-888-444-3659 COVID-19 response Ontario’s Covid–19 plan, including regional health measures and framework: keeping sector-specific public health and workplace safety measures.

Ontario safe and open https://www.ontario.ca/page/covid-19-response-framework-keeping-ontario-safe-andopen#levels Ontario Chamber of COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness Toolkit Commerce https://occ.ca/wp-content/uploads/OCC-Pandemic-Preparedness-Toolkit-for-COVID19_final.pdf Ontario Chamber of Business and Employee Supports Commerce https://occ.ca/covid19-supportforbusinesses/ Waubetek The Waubetek Business Development Corporation is an Aboriginalowned and controlled organization that delivers business financing and economic development services to First Nations and Aboriginal entrepreneurs in North-Eastern Ontario. Waubetek also delivers an aquaculture initiative in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. https://www.waubetek.com/ Gezhtoojig Gezhtoojig Employment and Training is a resource centre for all Anishnabek people in employment, training and business services. http://gezhtoojig.ca/ Ontario Covid https://covid-19.ontario.ca/ Information

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Economic Development The Regional Relief and Recovery Fund (RRRF) is a special relief fund established by the Government of Canada to support businesses and organizations economically impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It will help to address gaps left by other measures as part of Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan, and complement those already provided by other levels of government, as well as take into account regional needs and realities.

In January 2021, the Government of Canada announced an additional $29 million in support of RRRF in Northern Ontario, raising the total of RRRF investments to more than $100 million in the region since the start of the pandemic.

Recognizing the importance of the Fund in supporting the region's tourism sector, FedNor will earmark a minimum of 25 per cent of all RRRF funding to assist local tourism businesses.

Who Can Apply: • • •

A Canadian or provincially-incorporated business, co-operative, partnership or an Indigenous-owned business with 1 to 499 full-time equivalent employees; or Organizations, including social enterprises, that are engaged in commercial activities as a significant portion of operations (i.e., the exchanging of goods or services); or Chambers of commerce, business or sector associations and other economic development organizations that provide support to businesses

FedNor is partnering with Northern Ontario's 24 Community Futures Development Corporations (CFDCs) to offer financial support directly to small businesses and entrepreneurs in rural areas.

This includes sole proprietorships or partnerships not covered under the Regional Economy stream. Each CFDC is managing its own application and selection process in accordance with the parameters set out in the RRRF, and will determine ultimate funding recipients in accordance with its own policies and procedures.

Our Community Futures Development Corporations is Waubetek.

Waubetek Business DC General Delivery, P.O. Box 209 Birch Island,ON P0P 1A0 Tel: 705-285-4275 Fax: 705-285-4584 https://www.waubetek.com/

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Economic Development Ontario Small Business Support Grant Applications are open for the new Ontario Small Business Support Grant, which helps small businesses that are required to close or significantly restrict services under the Provincewide Shutdown effective December 26, 2020.

Starting at $10,000 for all eligible businesses, the grant provides businesses with funding to a maximum of $20,000 to help cover decreased revenue expected as a result of the Provincewide Shutdown.

The business must demonstrate they experienced a revenue decline of at least 20 per cent when comparing monthly revenue in April 2019 and April 2020. This time period was selected because it reflects the impact of the public health measures in spring 2020, and as such provides a representation of the possible impact of these latest measures on small businesses.

New businesses established since April 2019 are also eligible provided they meet the other eligibility criteria.

Businesses will be able to use the support in whatever way makes the most sense for them. For example, some businesses could use the support to pay employee wages, while others may need support maintaining their inventory.

To receive the grant, a small business must: • be required to close or restrict services subject to the Provincewide Shutdown effective 12:01 a.m. on December 26 • have fewer than 100 employees at the enterprise level • have experienced a minimum of 20 per cent revenue decline comparing April 2020 to April 2019 revenues. New businesses established since April 2019 are also eligible provided they meet the other eligibility criteria Businesses that are not eligible include those that were already required to close prior to the introduction of modified Stage 2 measures on October 10, 2020, and essential business permitted to operate with capacity restrictions (e.g., discount and big box stores selling groceries, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, pharmacies, and beer, wine and liquor stores).

Businesses will have to have a business number in order to be eligible. If a business does not have a business number, they will be directed to apply for a business number before they can proceed with their application.

They also need to have information about the revenue decline and number of employees available and would have to attest to the information provided in their application.

https://www.ontario.ca/page/businesses-get-help-covid-19-costs

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CALL OUT to “On-Reserve” Member Owned Businesses Only Economic Support for Indigenous Businesses that do not qualify for other Government of Canada COVID-19 relief measures.

Deadline to apply is February 28, 2021 by 4:00 P.M. January 29, 2021 This fund is to assist First Nation businesses and microbusinesses whose revenues have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The fund seeks to provide support for businesses that do not qualify for other Government of Canada COVID-19 relief measures. It is intended to relieve financial pressure and allow these businesses and microbusinesses to strengthen operations and support their viability during the pandemic, with the goal of positioning them for recovery.

This is a call for applications to “on-reserve,” “on-island” home-based single proprietorship or family-run businesses that could not access other Federal programs for Covid relief. It is recommended that the following criteria be included in the application and the maximum amount of each grant may be up to $5,000.

Qualifying Questions 1. Are you a member of Temagami First Nation?

2. Do you own at least 51% of a business operating on Bear Island?

3. Is your business a home-based single proprietorship or familyrun business? (A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated (not a legal corporation) business owned exclusively by one person.

A family-run business is usually one in which more than half the business is controlled by members of the same family.)

4. Can you clearly demonstrate that your business was in operation since October 1, 2019? Please provide details.

5. Can you clearly demonstrate that you could not or cannot get Covid-19 relief through the Federal government? NOTE: Please specify why you are ineligible.

Yes (eligible) Yes (eligible)

No (ineligible) No (ineligible)

Yes (eligible)

No (ineligible)

Yes (eligible)

No (ineligible)

Yes (eligible)

No (ineligible)

(If your business is registered with the CRA, you MAY be eligible for Federal Covid-19 relief. Please contact the Economic Development Officer at 705-237-8943 ex. 203 or email at ecdev@temagamifirstnation.ca if you would like assistance in determining if you are eligible for Federal Covid19 relief programs.

Scored Questions Lifespan of Business 6. How many years has your business has been in operation

Percentage Points (adding to 100 possible percentage points) 5%

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Dependence of individual on business: 7. Is this business your primary source of income?

8. Is this a full-time or part-time business?

9. Is your business seasonal, and, if so, what is your operating season?

Covid-19 effect on business: 10. How many employees do you have? How has Covid-19 affected your ability to provide employment to others? How so? (ie – reduction in employee hours / reduction in number of employees) Please cite examples.

11. What is the estimated difference in income between the periods of April 1 2019 – March 31 in 2020 and April 1 2020 – March 31 in 2021?

Business income April 1 2019 – March 31 in 2020 ____________________________________ Minus (-) Business income April 1 2020 – March 31 in 2021 (please predict your income for future months up to March 31, 2021) ____________________________________ Equals(=) Difference between the two periods ____________________________________ 12. How has Covid-19 affected your ability to operate your business? (ie Covid restrictions and how they have affected you, limited markets, limited supplies, etc.)

13. Are there specific Covid-19 related expenses you have incurred? (ie - Personal Protective Equipment) (Please be specific) Other Information: 14. Is there any information you feel is relevant that you would like to add to this application?

Appropriateness of requested amount: 15. How much are you requesting in relief? (Maximum $5000.00) Total:

20%

45%

5% 25 % 100 %

To apply: Submit your application that includes the above mentioned criteria to: Email your application to ecdev@temagamifirstnation.ca Or mail to: John Shymko, Economic Development Officer General Delivery, Bear Island, Lake Temagami, ON, P0H 1C0 Phone: (705) 237-8943 Ext. 203 All applications must be postmarked or received by email by February 28, 2021, by Midnight, EST.

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Lands and Resources FORESTRY INFORMATION SESS I O N The Lands and Resources Depar tment is hosting an information session

Tuesday Febr uar y 9, 2021 6:00 pm to 8:30 pm --- By Zoom ---

Sign up with Heidi, TFN Communications Officer communication@temagamifirstnation.ca Watch for Zoom link by email There will be representatives from:   



Temagami Management Unit Timiskaming Management Unit Nipissing Management Unit Sudbury Management Unit

with information on their Annual Work Schedules, that includes harvesting areas, road construction and silviculture treatments.

Trappers, hunters and n’Daki Menan users please join the session.

Robin Koistinen 705-237-8943 Ext. 204 robin.koistinen@temagamifirstnation.ca

Lands and Resources, Temagami First Nation, General Delivery, Bear Island, ON, P0H 2H0, 705-237-8943

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Lands and Resources AN INTRODUCTION TO CARBON AND THE BASICS OF CARBON FIXATION Alexandra Clarke

Understanding the mechanisms behind climate change allows us to make better and more informed decisions. Large amounts of carbon are stored in natural carbon sinks such as soil, forests, wetlands, grasslands and oceans – effective management of these natural resources can help maintain and increase the amount of carbon captured and stored in the biomass. Part of adaptation is also using climate data to help determine which species of trees will be most suitable for the region in 20-50 years to maintain the

health of future forests and ensure sustainability. It is more than just species; genetic diversity and fitness of the species and seeds planted is highly important to ensure healthy plants in a changing climate. In some areas “assisted migration” of species is utilized to populate areas with species of specific genetic makeups that make them more fit for future conditions. Along with any action comes potential risks and benefits.

Assisted migration: human intervention to deliberately move species to new, more favorable locations, with the goal of helping them to survive and flourish in a changing climate.

Over the next few months we will be discussing the importance of carbon in terms of climate change and carbon fixation. This article will lay out some essentials for understanding the role carbon plays in terms of greenhouse gasses and climate change.

AN INTRODUCTION TO CARBON Everything on Earth is made up of a combination of different elements found on the periodic table - the main one being carbon. Carbon is the main component of sugars, proteins, fats, DNA, RNA, muscle tissue - pretty much every living thing is primarily composed of carbon. The electron configuration of carbon is what makes it special. Electrons (e-) form shells around the central nucleus (p+ and nº), the most stable conformation for an atom is to have eight electrons in its outer shell. With 4 electrons in its outer shell carbon wants to gain 4 electrons from elsewhere to form a more stable configuration, this is achieved by forming bonds with other atoms - a good example of this is carbon dioxide (CO₂).

The Lewis Dot Structure for Oxygen has 6 valence electrons in its outer shell. Keeping in mind that atoms want to have 8 electrons in the outer shell, this means that 2 electrons need to be shared with the oxygen to stabilize it.

The Lewis Dot Structure for Carbon shows us that there are 4 valence electrons in its outer shell. Keeping in mind that atoms want to be stable and have 8 electrons in their outer shell, this means that 4 electrons need to be shared with the carbon to stabilize it.

In the Lewis Dot Structure for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) we see that electrons are shared between a central carbon and two oxygens (one on either side), so that all atoms have a valence of 8 electrons.

These bonds between the carbon and oxygens absorb thermal energy from the sun which excites electrons. Generally single bonds are weaker than double bonds; a single C-O bond can be broken

with 336kJ of energy per mole, while breaking a C-O double bonds requires 803kJ per mole (more than double the amount to break a single bond). The energy from the sun absorbed by these bonds is

released as heat, weather or not the bond is broken. Forming bonds requires energy input, breaking bonds releases energy; energy is also released when excited molecules release energy in the

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Lands and Resources form of heat which contributes to warming. Excited molecules have a higher energy state than ground (non-excited) state; excitation can happen through solar radiation (energy) absorption. The chemical composition of greenhouse gasses determines how much energy can potentially be stored and released.

however the greenhouse effect is getting stronger as the concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere increases. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

The atmospheric lifetime of a gas is also important in determining its’ effect. If there are efficient environmental removal mechanisms for a greenhouse gas (ie. it has a short atmospheric lifetime) the gas will accumulate in the atmosphere more slowly than the rate at which it is emitted. If a greenhouse has had a long atmospheric lifetime (ie. It is removed and “fixed” at a slower rate than it is emitted), then even though not a lot of it is emitted from various sources, the atmospheric concentration of the gas will continually increase, allowing the gas to contribute more to global warming.

Major greenhouse gasses: - Water vapor (H2O) - Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Methane (CH₄) - Ozone (O₃) - Nitrous oxide (N₂O) - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine)

GREENHOUSE GASSES

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface – without it the Earth’s temperature would be below freezing. It is a natural process,

These gas molecules all are made of three or more atoms which creates dipoles (charged ends) which allows more readily for infrared absorption. The atoms vibrate when they absorb infrared energy, eventually they release the energy in the form of heat when the excited electrons drop back down to ground state (non-excited state). This process keeps heat near the Earth’s surface. Most of the gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen (N2) and oxygen(O2), which cannot absorb heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect (they are considered not infrared active); this is because nitrogen and oxygen are symmetrical (no dipole moment there is no charged end and therefore no solar radiation absorption potential) and do not absorb infrared photons (form of energy). Their symmetry means that neither nucleus has a stronger pull on the electrons, so when you

stretch them out the electric field does not change. Greenhouse gasses essentially trap heat and keep the Earth warmer than it would be without them.

Science agrees that climatewarming trends observed over the last century are likely due to human activities (anthropogenic effect); which correlates with large advancements in technology and increasing population. Currently the main issue is the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is caused mainly by the combustion of fossil fuels (ex. Coal, crude oil, natural gas).

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration

Global average long-term atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂), measured in parts per million (ppm). Long-term trends in CO₂ concentrations can be measured at high-resolution using preserved air samples from ice cores.

Carbon dioxide: carbon dioxide molecules make up a small fraction of the atmosphere, but have a large effect on climate. There was about 270 parts per million volume (ppmv) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the mid-19th Century at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The amount is growing as burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. There is about 400 parts per million volume (ppmv) now.

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Lands and Resources

Above: (Left) The Earth’s surface, warmed by the Sun, radiates heat into the atmosphere. Some heat is absorbed by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and then radiated to space (A). Some heat makes its way to space directly (B). Some heat is absorbed by greenhouse gases and then radiated back towards the Earth’s surface (C).

(Right) With more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere later this Century, more heat will be stopped by greenhouse gases, warming the planet. (Image: Lisa Gardiner/UCAR)

More greenhouse gasses = a warmer earth.

Long-lived greenhouse gases, for example, CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), are chemically stable and persist in the atmosphere over time scales of a decade to centuries or longer, so that their emission has a long-term influence on climate. Because these gases are long lived, they

become well mixed throughout the atmosphere much faster than they are removed and their global concentrations can be accurately estimated from data at a few locations. Carbon dioxide does not have a specific lifetime because it is continuously cycled (think carbon cycle and photosynthesis)

between the atmosphere, oceans and land biosphere and its net removal from the atmosphere involves a range of processes with different time scales. Ultimately human activities – primarily related to fossil fuel combustion – releases fixed stored carbon at a faster rate than nature is able to fix carbon .

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Lands and Resources CARBON FIXATION

polyatomic ions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, carbonate and carbide in carbon. Carbon dioxide is the most easily used form of inorganic carbon as photosynthetic organisms convert it to organic carbon.

Carbon fixation (carbon assimilation) is the process by which inorganic carbon is transformed into organic carbon.

Inorganic Carbon: carbon (C) that is in form that is not found in living things. Examples of organic carbon ex. Sugars, proteins, fats.

Examples of inorganic carbon are carbon oxides such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;

Carbon fixation is an important natural biological process for removing carbon from the atmosphere and transforming it into useable energy for living things – this is done through the

Calvin cycle (part of photosynthesis). Plants require carbon dioxide, water and light to perform photosynthesis which outputs sugars which plants need to grow and oxygen. Plants are also constantly respiring – aerobic respiration is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis.

Respiration requires oxygen and sugar input to proceed, it is constantly occurring and plays a role in regulating substrate concentrations in plant cells.

A CARBON FIXATION TIPPING POINT? electrons), the metabolic pathway that performs photosynthesis requires functional enzymes to proceed.

Forests are an important carbon sink that mitigates approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions (Duffy et al. 2021) i, however rapid global warming may transform these natural carbon sinks into carbon sources in the future.

There are many reasons for this, but if we are considering photosynthesis we can consider photosynthetic rates. While the structure that captures light energy will still function at elevated temperatures (porphyrin ring structure that captures light energy when light excited

Enzymes have optimal temperature operating ranges,

outside these ranges the enzyme becomes less efficient. The enzymes become less and less efficient as temperatures increase outside of the optimal operating ranges – when temperatures become to extreme, the enzymes can denature (lose their shape, proper conformation of enzymes is key to function).

So at higher temperatures, respiration (which releases carbon dioxide as a by-product) rates continue to rise in contrast with sharply declining rates of photosynthesis. Ultimately increasing respiration rates

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Lands and Resources without a corresponding increase in photosynthetic rate, would decrease the efficacy of the ecosystem to fix and sequester carbon. While we may not experience the temperatures anytime soon that cause these biochemical shifts in autotrophic energy production – areas closer to the equator that experience more extreme temperatures may.

In the recent study by Duffy et al., it was found max photosynthetic rates of 18° and 28°C for C3 and C4 plants (note that there could be other limiting factors such as substrate availability that can affect this). Respiration rates were found to increase up to 38°C which far exceeds the temperatures reported for photosynthesis; experimental manipulated thermal maxima for leaf and soil respiration is ~60° and 70°C (soil also respires – think of all the microorganisms, bacteria, fungi and organic matter decaying in the soil). The takeaway from the study is that

photosynthetic rates peak at a certain temperature and that respiration can continue far beyond the temperature at which photosynthesis takes a nosedive – meaning that past this point, the rate of carbon dioxide emissions from plants sharply increases as the rate of carbon fixation decreases.

The relationship between temperature, photosynthesis and respiration is important when considering the efficacy of natural landscapes as carbon sinks in the long term.

Currently Canada’s plan to help offset carbon emissions includes protecting and restoring natural forests, wetlands, habitats etc., this plan also includes the “planting of 10 billion trees over the next ten years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 12 megatons by 2050” (14 December 2020). ii Planting trees is an excellent step in meaningful and

long-term impactful job creation and stewardship.

Young trees sequester carbon at a faster rater in their youth as they are working to grow – however this does not compete with what larger, more mature trees have already been able to build and sequester in their trunks and branches over time. Yes – younger trees will sequester carbon at an increased rate – however mature trees have already fixed and sequestered carbon in their more “permanent infrastructure” and it will require considerable time and favourable conditions for new trees to fix and sequester as much carbon. So if a tree is chopped down and burned (combustion equation: Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O), how long does it take for a new tree to grow in place of the one that was taken down? And how long does it take for the new tree to re-fix all the carbon that was released during combustion?

Join us on Facebook:

TFN Climate Change Team Questions, comments, discussion?

Please contact: Alexandra Clarke

Temperature dependence of global carbon fluxes. The normalized global temperature response of C3 photosynthesis (green), which exhibits photosynthetic max of 18°C, C4 photosynthesis (yellow) that exhibits photosynthetic max at 28°C, and total ecosystem respiration (brown) derived from the FLUXNET 2015 synthesis dataset.

ClimateResearcher@temagamifirstnation.ca or 705-237-8943 x212 Stay tuned for next month for discussions on carbon sequestration!

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: K. A. Duffy, C. R. Schwalm, V. L. Arcus, G. W. Koch, L. L. Liang, L. A. Schipper, How close are we to the temperature tipping point of the terrestrial biosphere? Sci. Adv. 7, eaay1052 (2021).

1 https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2020/12/minister-oregan-launches-canadas-plan-to-plant-two-billion-trees.html billion-trees.html 1

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Teme-Augama Anishnabai and Temagami First Nation joins legal proceeding challenging the sweeping changes to the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act and the related Class EA for Forestry.

Robin Koistinen, Lands & Resources Director, Temagami First Nation.

Ontario passed a new Ontario Environmental Assessment Act (EAA) through Bill 197, an omnibus bill entitled “Covid 19 Economic Recovery Act.” Bill 197 was introduced on July 8, 2020 and passed on July 21, 2020, less than two weeks later, with no consultation. This followed closely on the heels of Ford’s revocation of all environmental assessments for forestry – done through a regulation on July 1, 2020.

Chief Shelly Moore-Frappier advised the community about this matter in her video address on November 4,2020, https://www.temagamifirstnation.ca/ogimaa-shelly-moore-frappier/. As follows, “we moved swiftly when discussions on the Judicial Review of Bill 197 came across our desks. As stewards of this land, we understand our inherent rights and know it was incredibly important to challenge the changes that the provincial government made to Ontario’s Environmental Assessment Act.” At the Community Information Session, on Sunday November 29, 2020, TFN Chief Shelly MooreFrappier further advised the community about this legal challenge during her presentation “Joint Council – Judicial Review Bill 197.”

Teme-Augama Anishnabai and Temagami First Nation (TAA/TFN) joined with the Association of Iroquois and Allied Indians, Attawapiskat First Nation, Chapleau Cree First Nation, Eagle Lake First Nation, Fort Albany First Nation, Magnetawan First Nation, and Mohawks of the Bay of Quite and launched a legal proceeding in court challenging the sweeping changes the Ford Government made to the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act (“EAA”) and the related Class EA for Forestry. We joined this action because: 1. The Government of Ontario passed Bill 197 which includes significant amendments to the Environmental Assessment Act (“EAA”); 2. As part of the amendments to the EAA, public sector projects and undertakings no longer require an environmental assessment (“EA”) at all unless they are explicitly designated in a regulation by the Minister, allowing a great deal of ministerial discretion and no criteria or requirements of how it may be exercised; 3. This degree of unfettered ministerial discretion leaves First Nations with too much uncertainty and inability to know or predict whether, when, or how any type of project or undertaking may be subject to an EA; 4. EA’s are triggers to the duty to consult and accommodate First Nations; 5. The amendments to the EAA leaves First Nations uncertain about whether, when or how any duty to consult and accommodate might be triggered or not; 6. This is a violation of Indigenous inherent rights as well as section 35 Constitutional rights, the Crown’s duty to consult and accommodate, the honour of the Crown and the purpose of reconciliation;

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TFN LANDS & RESOURCES

7. The Government of Ontario also revoked the Class EA’s for forestry operations (which includes harvesting, disposition of rights to forest resources, planning, etc.) occurring on the Area in a Schedule 1 of the Declaration Order MNR-75, removing this trigger to the duty to consult and accommodate First Nations; 8. The Government of Ontario passed Bill 197 is a wholly undemocratic way without any public or First Nation consultation.

Temagami First Nation and Teme-Augama Anishnabai, continue to object to using western judicial processes to enforce our inherent rights and, on an interim basis, will participate in the judicial review legal action without abrogating or derogating from our own processes and jurisdiction.

We are participating in filing the Judicial Review with Olthuis Kleer Townshend Law acting as legal counsel.

Following TAA/TFN Joint Council meeting where it was agreed that we would participate in the Judicial Review, the Lands & Resources Director had been extremely busy filing an Affidavit that contained 17 Exhibits during the month of November. Since returning to work in January after the holidays, the Lands & Resources Director has been reviewing Ontario’s affidavits and filing a rebuttal Affidavit on Monday, January 25, 2021, that contains 13 Exhibits.

“The combined effect of the stripped EAA and the removal of any EAs for forestry going forward, leaves the environment and First Nations who depend on it and connect to it for their very identities and cultures, completely vulnerable to a provincial government that seems intent on pushing us back 40 years,” says lawyer Kate Kempton. “These changes were rammed through, using the pandemic as an excuse when they have nothing to do with that.”

The EAA changes upend the statutory regime. In the past, all public projects automatically required an EA unless specifically exempted by the Minister in a regulation (and such exemption proposal was subject to consultation and challenge). Now, no public projects require an EA unless the Minister decides to designate anything – and there are no rules or criteria in the Act at all for what if anything would be included. This creates an open-ended discretionary regime subject to political whim.

The revocation of all environmental assessment for forestry undoes critical conditions that had been in place for the last three decades. These conditions came from a four-year hearing that heard from all sectors of the public and First Nations about how important the forests are and how decimated they would become if clear cutting and other practices continued without more scrutiny and oversight. These hearings were held in response to years of protests in Ontario’s forests that was dubbed the War of the Woods. Mary Laronde, Stewardship Director, and Robin Koistinen, Assistant Stewardship Director of the TAA presented to this hearing on April 7, 1992. We have had a long history with the Class Environmental Assessment on Forestry and trying to implement the Conditions of the Class EA Declaration Orders over the last 28 years.

The Notice of Application was filed with the Ontario Divisional Court. The hearing will be held in Toronto, likely some time in the Spring 2021.

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TILLIE MISSABIE FAMILY CENTRE

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Juniper: The Little Warrior A Short Story by Bradley Paul

Just as she feared, her sister’s condition is worse… much worse than this morning.

Juniper steps into the cave with the noon’s sunlight pouring in through the entrance.

Juniper joins her two other siblings in the cave, who have been watching the youngest one.

Juniper is still dressed from her morning hunt, and still armed with her wooden pike. Juniper enters the cave to tend to the youngest sister, Daffodil.

Paler than this morning, Daffodil continues to cough and rasp while in her sleeping bag.

Daffodil’s eyes are closed; she’s trying to rest and sleep… but a sickness is overtaking her.

Juniper checks her forehead to see how ill her sister is… and her forehead burns like a soft fire. Daffodil sweats constantly; Juniper knows this isn’t going away without a fight. For her sister, Juniper must go find a cure… because she knows Daffodil may not have long.

Juniper turns to the twins, Twig-Twig and Blueberry, and reminds them to keep watch.

Twig-Twig and Blueberry are not surprised, given how sick Daffodil is. The twins are already prepared because they are still armed; Twig-Twig has his club, and Blueberry has her bow and arrow like Juniper. Juniper is going to be in much more danger… because she must go out to the bigger world again. Unknown to them, Juniper and her siblings are the little people of legend… just a myth to their giant relatives.

Juniper’s leather clothing isn’t born from moose; it’s born from a mouse. Juniper can’t be any bigger than three inches, making her prey for all sorts of animals. Nevertheless, Juniper is Daffodil’s only hope… and she must

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run.

For our little hunter, it’s now taking too much time. The full moon is in the sky, and nightfall is here. The wind howls now that summer fades away and autumn starts to call. A lot of dark trees in the forest; no lamp post or house light to light the way. No matter how dark it is, there is still hope and this time it comes in a flower.

Close to the cold ground, there is a purple flower called Mother’s Touch. Juniper recognizes from afar, and scurries through the darkness. Wasting no time, Juniper plucks the flower from the ground and hurries for cover.

Juniper can’t afford to stay in one place, even for a second; all sorts of terrible creatures rule and roam the night. Juniper leaps over a stone, runs on moss, and continues her run for home.

Juniper finally sees a hiding place in an abandoned firepit. Juniper scurries and hides underneath some rocks. While hidden, Juniper inspects the flower to make sure it’s going to be enough. Juniper sees that the flower is still violet and soft, not pale and crinkly. Juniper goes underneath her cloak, and puts the flower in a pocket.

With the Mother’s Touch tucked away, Juniper freezes… it’s not silent anymore. Juniper hears something else rustling in the bushes behind her—It’s moving in her direction.

Juniper peeks around the rock with her brown eyes, hoping to see what’s coming for her.

Not hearing any steps, it’s just what Juniper feared… it’s slithering. A snake tracks Juniper to the fire pit with its keen senses, and seeks to devour the little hunter.

breath, stands up, and jumps onto the next stone. Far away, the owl lets go of the branch and finally takes flight.

Juniper scurries and jumps onto another stone, hoping to get more distance from both predators.

Behind her, the snake makes it on top of water and slithers faster. The owl glides across the forest, much closer to Juniper. Leaping from rock to rock, Juniper finally starts to lose breath and slows down. The owl glides close, the snake slithers closer, and both are close to their prey.

Photo by Roberto Nickson from Pexels

Upon seeing it, Juniper wastes no time and bolts away from the pit. The snake follows Juniper through the wilderness, using its senses to keep track. Juniper has a head start but she must slow down because she’ll tire too fast. To escape the snake, Juniper must now run a marathon because the snake can follow for a long time. The snake picks up speed to cause haste, but not enough to catch up to Juniper.

Juniper keeps running away from the snake; the snake keeps slithering for the little hunter. Juniper glances over her shoulder to keep an eye on the predator, seeing it’s still far away.

Juniper sprints uphill to disappear from sight, hoping to have time for a quick plan. Juniper must lose the snake or it’ll follow her home to endanger herself or her family.

Juniper finally takes a moment, hoping to devise an escape plan.

Juniper sees a river down the hillside, which is a stream to ordinary humans.

She could use the river to lose the snake, but snakes can slither faster on water and Juniper isn’t a good swimmer. One wrong move, Juniper can either drown in the stream or get devoured whole by the serpent.

If Juniper keeps to the same road, the snake will follow her home. A coo echoes across the woods, Juniper’s widen with fear… for there is another predator.

Juniper turns to the trees and sees an even more dangerous predator… a Barn Owl. Owls are known to eat snakes, but they prefer to eat rodents and the little people are considered as prey like mice. To Juniper’s horror, the owl sees Juniper across the woods… with its talons ready to set loose from its branch. Juniper hears a hiss and remembers the snake behind her. Juniper has only one chance now, and she must try to cross the river.

Juniper sees the owl leering at her and hears the snake slithering behind her. No matter what, Juniper must run to save her own life. Juniper sprints for the river; the snake continues to follow. The owl watches the chase ensue, and its talons loosen and its wings ready to glide.

Closer to the river, Juniper sees a path of rocks she can use to cross.

Juniper sprints, then jumps onto the first stone and lands perfectly. The snake closes in on the river, hoping to reach the water. Juniper takes a

Juniper can’t stop; she leaps to the next rstone. On her last leap, Juniper leaps for the next stone after… unable to see the snake closing behind her.

Snake launches at Juniper with its fangs, ready to catch and strangle its prey. From above, the owl nearly snatches Juniper from midair… but barely misses and then clutches the snake instead. Juniper leans on the next rock, turns around with haste… panting and out of breath.

Towards the moon, the owl reluctantly flies away with a snake in its talons. The snake is lifeless as its body dangles and mangles.

Juniper’s relieved for a moment, hearing only the stream and her every breath. However, it’s still nightfall and Juniper must still hurry.

Juniper continues crossing the river, and begins another marathon to complete her sole mission.

The sky turns slight orange; the sunrise is coming. Juniper runs through the grass, knowing her sister needs medicine this very instant. Seeing familiar ground, Juniper now sprints across the road taken. Juniper sees the cave that is home, hurries for the entrance. At the entrance, Juniper sees that she’s not yet too late.

Twig-Twig and Blueberry stand aside,

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finally relieved of duty. Juniper hurries to the mortar and pestle; Daffodil needs medicine right away.

Juniper, out of breath, pulls the flower from the pocket of her cloak and puts it into the bowl. Juniper crushes it with an instrument; she hears Daffodil’s raspy breaths. TwigTwig and Blueberry can only watch their older sibling try to save their youngest sister… and they wish they could help.

By the fire, there is a small pot with boiling water inside. After crushing the flower to muck, Juniper grabs a ladle and dips into a pot of water.

Juniper pours water into the mortar and pestle; the medicine is nearly brewed. Juniper pours more hot water and continues mixing the medicine. When a moment passes, Juniper grabs the ladle and dips into the medicine that is Mother’s Touch.

Juniper carefully carries the medicine to Daffodil, hoping to savor

every drop; the twins help Daffodil to take the medicine. Blueberry opens Daffodil’s mouth, and then Juniper gently pours the medicine into her mouth. Twig-Twig lays Daffodil back down, and then everyone steps away. Daffodil continues to keep rasping; it may be too late now. In their minds, Juniper and the twins pray that Daffodil will survive and still pull through.

Crying and tearing, Juniper kneels towards the little girl and holds her close. Juniper shares one last hug, and weeps for her little sister. The twins cannot help but cry as well, and they hold each other close with the same loss. Unseen by everyone in the cave, the little girl’s hand twitches… a sign of life coming back. The little girl raises her hand to hold her bigger sister close.

Their worst fears happens…

Daffodil’s breathing slows and quiets down. Juniper and the twins helplessly watch Daffodil become weaker and weaker… it seems that the Mother’s Touch isn’t enough after all. Daffodil is silent now and not moving anymore. Juniper survived two deadly creature just to save the youngest one… but it still wasn’t good enough. Not breathing or moving anymore, Juniper realizes she’s too late to save her beloved Daffodil.

Juniper notices, and pulls away with teary eyes. Daffodil is okay and their little warrior is going to live. Now overwhelmed with joy, Juniper wipes the tears away with her thumb. Juniper is now smiling, knowing her sister is alright. Through the entrance, the sunrise pours in with a blinding light as the sisters smile. Juniper holds the little warrior close, having kept her promise she made a long time ago…

The End

VACCINE FACTS Vaccines help protect the persons that are more likely to contract #COVID19.

Elders, older adults, residents & staff of long-term care homes and people with certain medical conditions are part of this group.

Learn more on how you can help protect them: https://www. sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1606941379837/1606941507767 38

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TFN TUTOR PROGRAM

TFN’s Tutor Program 4Need help with your homework?

4Need tips about how to write better communications and essays?

4Struggling with how to understand concepts in your course?

4Want study and homework strategies?

4Test taking strategies?

4Online learning is a challenge?

4 Want better grades? to work one-to-one with a friendly and easy-going, 4Want experienced, qualified teacher?

!

lem b o r P o N

The Secondary Tutor is available day or night to lend a helping hand!

How? • • •

by phone: 705-358-9342 by email: secondarytutor@temagamifirstnation.ca face-to-face on Zoom (I’ll send you a link) No need to wait or schedule a time. Just reach out. All it takes is you!

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TFN ANISHNAABEMOWIN SAGASWE’IDIWIN

N’daki menan Place Name

Art by Kimberley Chapman

Anishnawbek Name:

1) Mashkoday-pijiki Puckuding 2) Chee-buy-osh Tigwan O’baw-jee-waung 3) Kaw-waum-inash-ing 4) Kaw-gah-zhab-koka Oniguming 5) Wauns-skig--gah-mahn-sing

Anishnawbek Meaning: a) Sharp Rock Portage b) Place of the Coarse Sand c) Place of the Sharp Curve d) Spirit Head Narrows e) Buffalo Mountain

English Name:

aa) Obabika Bay bb) Sharp Rock Portage cc) Skull Narrows dd) Ferguson Mountain ee) Sandy Inlet

Can you match these up?

Answers on page 43

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TFN Anishnaabemowin Sagaswe’idiwin Update Patsy Turner, Chair The Language Commission continues to meet and make some plans to move forward with trying to unite TFN Anishnaabemowin efforts. We have been meeting monthly and will continue to share our initiatives as we move along. We wanted to share some more vocabulary that might be of interest to you.

Biboon winter Biiskonyen! Get dressed!

Odaminoodaa! Let’s play!

John magimose. John is snowshoeing.

Madeline zhooshkwaade. Madeline is skating.

Zenon zhooshkijewe. Zenon is sliding.

Julia zhooshkwabonoo. Julia is skiing.

A big shout out to parents and guardians!

I am noticing an improvement in my students.

Stay encouraged. Be strong and rejoice.

It’s your perseverance that I see in them!

It’s your attitude and your resilience that shines.

Go! Bear Island! Go! Mrs. Potts

FAMILY HEALING AND WELLNESS CENTRE

Call out for Community Hunters, Trappers and Fishers We are looking for community members who are open to sharing and teaching some of the hunting, fishing and trapping ways with the youth.

These outings will be filmed and avaliable on line.

If interested contact Tyler Paul at 705-237-8022 ex 405 by email: fwb@temagamifirstnation.com or Demi Mathias at demimathias18@hotmail.com

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ATTENTION! SERVICE CANADA READY TO HELP Please access our many online services at:

Canada.ca/service-canada-home

If you require assistance accessing services, please complete an online request at:

Canada.ca/service-canada-e-service

A Service Canada officer will contact you within 2 business days.

If you do not have access to the internet and require assistance accessing services, please contact us at: Western Provinces and Territories: 1-877-631-2657 Ontario: 1-877-355-2657 Quebec: 1-877-760-2657 Atlantic Provinces: 1-877-464-2657 TTY: 1-833-719-2657

Follow the infection prevention and control guidance provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada available at:

Canada.ca/coronavirus If you experience these symptoms, please contact your health care provider or your local public health unit.

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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

NATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHER Purpose: Temagami First Nation has an available opportunity to join the Education Department as the Native Language Teacher. This full-time position would provide language teaching in Ojibway to Learners of the Laura McKenzie Learning Centre as well as children attending the Tillie Missabie Family Centre.

Application due: WILL REMAIN OPEN UNTIL FILLED RELIEF SHUTTLE BOAT DRIVERS - Ongoing Casual Position Purpose: The Temagami First Nation is seeking Casual Relief Shuttle Boat Drivers. Relief Drivers will be responsible for the safe transportation of visitors and community members, to and from Bear Island. This position will work on a casual basis and will be required to be available after-hours and sporadically throughout the day, when on-call. The Relief Driver will be needed for the duration of the 2019 water travel season, ending approximately December 16, 2019 (based on ice development on the lake).

Application due: WILL REMAIN OPEN UNTIL FILLED

Detailed Job Postings including required qualifications and application submissions can be found at www.temagamifirstnation.ca or TFN Administration Office

Answers N’daki Menan Place Name 1), e), dd)

2), d), cc)

3), b), ee)

4), a), bb)

5), c), aa)

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Make sure you have the facts about COVID-19 vaccination Look for information from trusted sources: ⨠ ⨠ ⨠ ⨠

canada.ca/COVID-19 canada.ca/coronavirus-info-indigenous provincial and territorial health authorities your community health centre, nursing station or local healthcare provider

Check the date ⨠ Check whether the information is current. Old information may no longer be true as the science evolves

Consider the source before sharing ⨠ Look into whether the information is true because sharing false information can be harmful ⨠ Before sharing information, ask yourself these questions: ] Why am I sharing this? ] How do I know if it’s true? ] Where did it come from?

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7

Sunday 1

Monday

Zoom

Family Day

7:00pm

Zoom

7:00pm

Zoom

TAA Council Mtg

7:00pm

DPHC Info Session

8

15

Joint Council Mtg

14

22 Zoom

7:00pm

Joint Council Mtg

21

28

18

26

19

27

20

Saturday

FEBRUARY 2021

6

Friday 5

13

Thursday 4

12

Wednesday 3

11

Tuesday 2

10

17

25 Regular Council Mtg

24

7:00pm

MgM Council Chambers

Regular Council Mtg

9 Zoom

6:00pm

Forestry Info Session

16

23

Photography Online Workshop 6:30-pm see page 21

7:00pm

MgM Council Chambers