Camelid Connections Issue 10 December 2019

Camelid Connections C C

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MAGAZINE

Merr� Christma� IN THIS ISSUE ● Christmas Gift Ideas ● Plum Pudding Tea Cosy ● Sand Colic ● Camel Milk Cocktails ● Heat Stress in Alpacas

BE I R

● AAA Swing Tags

Issue 10 - December 2019

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Publisher Camelid Connections is published by Oak Grove Graphics ABN 84 171 413 342 PO Box 4059, Candelo NSW 2550 Telephone +61 (0)2 6493 2036 Email: info@camelidconnections.com.au Web: www.camelidconnections.com.au

Contents Meet The Team.............................................................5 Plum Pudding Tea Cosy..................................................6 Heat Stress In Alpacas...................................................8 New Kuna Store...........................................................12

Editor Esme Graham Telephone: 0457 304 868 Email: esme@camelidconnections.com.au

AAA Swing Tags...........................................................14 Camel Milk Cocktails.....................................................16

Designer Julie McClen telephone 02 6493 2036 Email: julie@camelidconnections.com.au

Sand Colic...................................................................18

Designed and Produced

By Oak Grove Graphics PO Box 4059, Candelo NSW 2550 Telephone +61 (0)2 6493 2036 info@oakgrovegraphics.com.au www.oakgrovegraphics.com.au

Macca The Alpaca Give Away Winners...........................24

Copyright All material appearing in Camelid Connections is subject to copyright.

Reproduction in whole or part is not permitted without the written permission of the publisher and the author.

Alpaca Herd Health......................................................32

Liability Views expressed by the contributors to this publication, and the advertisements appearing in this publication, are not necessarily endorsed by the publisher.

Every care is taken in compiling the contents of this publication, but the the publisher or editor assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of information contained in the text or advertisements.

Christmas Gift Ideas.....................................................20 Congenital Joint Deformities In Cria...............................26 Peruvian Alpaca Workshop............................................28 Camelid Events............................................................31

Advertisers AAFL.............................................................................2 Sol Alpaca.....................................................................3 Boston Fine Fibres........................................................11 Alpaca Dynamics..........................................................13

Contributions are accepted at the sole discretion of the publisher and the publisher reserves the right to edit contributions for style or content.

No correspondence will be entered into as to why a contribution may have been rejected or edited. In submitting articles for publication contributors accept, acknowledge and agree with these terms.

AAFT...........................................................................13 Alpaca Ultimate............................................................13 Maylands Alpacas.........................................................23 The Camelid Dynamics Method.....................................25 Tandarra Farm Alpacas.................................................25 Micron Man.................................................................25 Nerimbura Alpaca Transport.........................................25 Oak Grove Graphics.....................................................33 Services Directory........................................................34

Cover: ‘Christmas Cria’ Design by Oak Grove Graphics

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Welcome to Camelid Connections This edition has articles to help with heat stress (see page 8) and also sand colic. Sand colic, which seems to be a problem for horses, appears not to be such to be a major problem in camelids in ‘normal’ times but with the terrible drought many are suffering through it may be something you need to keep your eye on. (Page 18) On a happier note as we get closer to Christmas perhaps a look at our Christmas gift pages may help you make some decisions on gifts for friends and loved ones and support our industry at the same time. (Pages 20 - 23) The lucky winners of our Macca The Alpaca gift packs will have an extra gift for the young children in their families or perhaps to donate to their favourite Christmas charity to distribute to children who don’t see too many Christmas gifts.

I believe that tea is once again an “in drink” with specialty shops selling all manner of items connected with tea so we thought perhaps our craft loving readers may like to knit a Christmas tea cosy for themselves or as a gift. See page 6 for the pattern.

We have additional husbandry articles this issue with cria leg deformities and aging alpacas by their teeth featured on pages 26 and 28.

A big thanks to our advertisers who support this publication and make it free for our readers - so please use their services or purchase your alpaca related products from them when you can if you enjoy reading Camelid Connections.

Camelid Connections achieved it’s 2 year milestone last issue - so thanks for reading and please share our magazine with other camelid lovers. If you haven't already please subscribe to get an email message when the next issue is online and ready for you to enjoy! Subscribing is FREE and helps us secure advertisers.

Wishing all readers some rain in December, a happy Christmas and better rainfall in 2020!

Meet The Team Esme Graham - Editor

Julie McClen - Designer/Editor

My husband and I have bred suri alpacas for over 20 years, I was heavily involved with both regional committees and the national board of the Australian Alpaca Association for a number of years and had the honour of being selected as a life member of the Association.

A breeder of ultrafine Huacaya alpacas for over 19 years, I have a passion for fine fibre and the genetic connection to the most diminutive and finest of the camelids - the wild Vicuna.

My major interest has been in marketing and education and to this end I was editor of Alpacas Australia magazine for six years and I hope that the experience I gained editing that publication can be extended to educate and inform a wider range of alpaca and llama breeders who are not necessarily association members but have a love of all things camelid.

I strongly believe that education in any industry is the key to success, so with Camelid Connections we hope to provide interesting and informative articles to assist all camelid owners in getting the most out of their animals and businesses.

I also own Oak Grove Graphics a web and graphic design agency which is producing this magazine, and also allows me to connect with many different people in the camelid related world through my design and web work. www.oakgrovegraphics.com.au 5

Plum Pudding Tea Cosy

By Angela Smith One Tree Hill Alpacas

Merry s a m t s i r h C Materials Main Colour (MC) – 50 g chocolate 8 Ply yarn for the pudding Contrast Colour (CC) – 10 g cream 8 Ply yarn for the sauce 4 mm knitting needles

To Make Cast on 49 stitches using MC Row 1-40: knit 2 purl 2 to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 41: Change to CC. Knit 10 more rows the same way until you have a total of 50 rows or the length is approx. 1.5 cm from the top of your teapot Row 51: Knit 2, then (purl 3 together, knit 1) until 3 stitches remaining, purl 2, knit 1 Row 52: Knit 2, purl 2, then (knit 1, purl 1) across the row ending with knit 1 Row 53: Knit 1, then (slip 1, knit 1, pass slip stitch over) until 2 stitches remain, knit 1 Row 54: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 55: Knit 2 together across the row Cast off (knit 2 stitches, pass right stitch over left, knit 1, pass right stitch over left, repeat to the end. When 1 stitch is left, cut yarn leaving approx. 15 cm of yarn and pass the yarn through the loop of the last stitch and draw up to a neat knot) Make 2 pieces as above 6

Knitted Holly Materials 10 g of green yarn for 3 leaves 4 mm knitting needles To Make Cast on 3 stitches Knit 3 rows Row 4: Knit 1, yarn over needle, knit 1, yarn over, knit 1 (5 stitches) Row 5: Knit 1, purl to last stitch, knit 1 Row 6: Knit 2, yarn over needle, knit 1, yarn over, knit 2 (7 stitches) Row 7: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 8: Knit 3, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 3 (9 stitches) Row 9: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 10: Knit 4, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 4 (11 stitches) Row 11: Cast off 3 stitches, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 12: Cast off 3 stitches, knit 2, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 2 Row 13: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 14: Knit 3, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 3 (9 stitches) Row 15: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 16: Knit 4, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 4 (11 stitches) Row 17: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 18: Knit 5, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 5 (13 stitches) Row 19: Cast off 4 stitches, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 20: Cast off 4 stitches, knit 2, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 2 Row 21: Knit 1, purl to the last stitch, knit 1 Row 22: Knit 3, yarn over, knit 1, yarn over, knit 3 (9 stitches) Row 23: Knit 1, purl 2, purl 3 stitches together, purl 2, knit 1 Row 24: Knit 2, slip 1 stitch, knit 2 together, pass slip stitch over, knit 2 Row 25: Knit 1, purl 3 stitches together, knit 1 Row 26: Knit 3 stitches together, cut yarn and thread end through the remaining stitch and draw a neat knot. Weave the thread in on this end but leave the thread at the cast on end to use to attach it to the tea cosy.

Make 3 or more leaves.

Making up Materials to complete the project Two knitted halves of tea-cosy body Three (or more) knitted holly leaves Two or three red pom poms for holly berries Yarn needle for sewing up Method It is best to sew up your tea cosy using your teapot as a guide.

First, sew the two tea-cosy body halves together at the bottom on one side, with right sides together, using the tail of yarn from when you cast on. Sew just a few stitches so that the seam ends just below the bottom of the handle of your teapot.

Do the same on the spout side of the cosy.

Then sew the two halves together at the top, leaving a neat space for the knob of your tea pot lid to poke through (if your teapot doesn’t have a knob then sew straight across) Attach holly leaves, positioning where you want them, using the tail from the cast on end, and secure with a few stitches.

Finally attach the holly berry pom-poms either using hot glue (the easy way) or stitch with matching thread (harder but possibly better).

Merry Christmas!

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In alpacas in Australia

By Dr George Jackson BANKSIA PARK ALPACA STUD. WA

What is heat stress?

It occurs when an alpacas core body temperature is elevated to a point where it interferes with normal metabolic processes. It is caused by excessive heat gains or an inability to lose heat (this excludes fever due to infection) The condition is also called “heat stroke” “sun stroke” and “heat exhaustion” but most accurately, it is hyperthermia.

Alpacas are very adaptable animals and are capable of surviving in a wide range of climatic conditions. Especially suited to cold, they will nevertheless manage in warmer climates with sensible management.

Heat stress is a continuum along a line from the animal being able to cope to not coping at all. It is not possible to put a figure on the temperature at which an animal will pass from being a little warm to suffering from heat stress.

Temperature at approximately 38.0 to 38.5 degrees Celsius.

Some of these can be observed as the level of heat stress progresses (see the table below).

NORMAL Seeking shade, seeking cool water, maintain a low activity level.

MILD Panting, nasal flaring, obsessively seeking water, sweating.

SEVERE Open mouth breathing, collapse, incoordination, convulsions, shock and weak pulse.

However some of the effects of a period of heat stress are not so obvious.

Infertility of male alpacas can be caused by relatively mild increases of body temperature. It may take 6-8 weeks for their sperm count to recover and more prolonged or permanent damage is possible. Some males definitely appear more fertile in the cooler weather. Females can also be affected by infertility due to heat stress, premature labour, abortion and stillbirths have been reported that could be at least partly attributed to an episode of heat stress.

How alpacas lose heat Evaporation Heat is removed from the body during the process of water evaporation from the body surfaces. The alpaca loses heat through the respiratory tract during respiration by evaporation from the mucous membrane and also through the exchange of air. The efficiency of these methods of heat loss is dependent on ambient temperature and humidity.

Radiation Heat is lost from the body through direct radiation into the surrounding atmosphere. The alpaca has a ventral area of its caudal abdomen that is sparsely covered in hair, called a “thermal window” as it allows heat transfer in heavily fleeced animals.

Heat moves from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature at a rate proportional to the temperature difference. If ambient temperature is greater than body 8

temperature an alpaca will tend to absorb heat. If ambient temperature is close to but below body temperature, heat loss by radiation will be very slow and inefficient.

Conduction Heat is transferred directly by close contact between bodies of different temperatures. Alpacas make use of this method very efficiently by wading into water or sitting down on wet or cool ground. Heat is lost directly to the ground or water, especially through the thermal window on the ventral abdomen.

Risk factors for heat stress in alpacas High ambient temperature The alpaca itself generates heat and needs to dissipate this.

Dissipation of this heat is made more difficult when ambient temperature is close to normal body temperature. The body will tend to absorb heat when the ambient temperature is greater than body temperature. Heat loss mechanisms will be fully tested.

Humidity Heat loss becomes difficult with high humidity because evaporative cooling (panting & sweating) becomes very ineffective. LaRue Johnson (USA) proposes an index for the calculation of the possible occurrence of heat stress.

The index is the sum of the ambient temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity. Eg an ambient temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit and 80% humidity gives an index of 160. An ambient temperature of 90 degrees Fahrenheit but a relative humidity of 25% gives an index of 115. So you can clearly see how relative humidity plays an important part in the likelihood of heat stress.

Index of less than 120 = heat stress is unlikely Index of 120 – 180 = heat stress is possible Index of more than 180 = heat stress is likely Poor ventilation Ventilation assists more effective cooling by evaporation and the removal of radiated heat. It is especially important when transporting alpacas in enclosed floats to have adequate air movement and remember not to park in full sun.

Full dense fleece Full dense fleece does not allow effective heat loss by radiation because of its insulating effects. Full fleece also severely affects heat loss by sweating due to the lack of air movement across the skin. In full fleeced animals heat can only effectively be lost through the thermal window.

No fleece Without fleece, the alpaca body is directly heated and this can cause a rapid increase in body temperature. Studies performed during a period of heatwave conditions

Open mouth breathing have shown that the core body temperatures of full fleeced and minimally fleeced animals were significantly higher than the core body temperature of animals with a 40 mm fleece length. The time of shearing has a dramatic effect on the levels of heat stress experienced over summer. Plan your shearing to have the animals go through the hottest part of the summer with some fleece coverage. Sunburn is also an issue for alpacas shorn too late in the year.

Physical activity and stress All management, which involves some stress or activity will add to the risk of developing heat stress. Consider this when taking alpacas to shows over the warmer humid months. The time of weaning is important in this regard. Cria and mothers may continue to seek each other, standing out in full sun or run along fence lines, failing to take normal measures to reduce heat stress.

Overweight alpacas A large body mass loses heat more slowly, consequently overweight alpacas will be at an increased risk during periods of continuing hot weather. Fat also acts as additional insulation to prevent additional heat loss. Male alpacas will deposit fat in their scrotum that will severely affect their fertility in hot weather.

Advanced pregnancy Additional metabolic rate and body weight increase the risk of heat stress. In some areas of Australia it may be advisable to manage breeding programs to avoid birthing in the middle of summer. I am currently managing my herd to have two birthing seasons, one in spring to early summer and another in autumn.

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Shade and cool water Shade prevents direct heating of the alpaca and provides a cooler ambient temperature. Cool water to drink is extremely important. Beware of dominant animals who may tend to defend their drinking place, consider multiple drinking points in each paddock. Cool ground or grass allows efficient heat loss by conduction but be aware that the use of sprinklers and soaker hoses can dramatically increase the relative humidity and add to heat stress.

Recommendations for management Newborn and old animals These animals have impaired or inefficient thermoregulatory mechanisms and are at increased risk. Crias small bodies heat up very rapidly especially when lying out in full sun during their first few days of life.

Feeding Feeding generates heat, creates activity and competition. It is best done in the cool of the evening.

Unacclimatised animals The moving of animals from cool or temperate areas to hot locations needs to be sensibly managed.

Veterinary Treatment It is extremely important to check rectal temperature regularly and work to reduce the core body temperature slowly.

Mild cases may require the provision of shade and cool drinking water, access to water to sit or wade into, fans to provide air movement. More severe cases may require a cool bath, cool intravenous fluids and drugs to control shock.

Beware the use of cold enemas as suggested by some US authors as you will lose the only method of assessing core body temperature.

Shearing Shear animals at an appropriate time of the year to minimise the risk of heat stress in summer but still provide some insulation. This may require shearing cria as young as 6 weeks of age. We would be planning to have the majority of our animals shorn in September Water Provide plenty of cool clean water, preferably at numerous watering points which can’t be dominated by a few animals Plenty of shade Employ methods to provide cool ground, either by shade trees of open shelters Management practices Activities likely to cause stress and competition, stud servicing, feeding, transporting should all be carried out in the cool of the morning or evening, this will benefit both the owners and the animals.

With sensible management and a greater understanding of the risk factors for heat stress we should be able to continue to successfully farm alpacas in a wide variety of environments

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A L PA C A & V I C U Ă‘ A Australian Alpaca Fleece Ltd have been working very hard over the last few months to introduce a new specialty retail outlet.

This project has now come to fruition and next time you are in Melbourne plan a visit to their new Kuna store.

The first of its kind in Australia, Kuna is bringing to Australia its colourful Lliclla 19-20 collection, the unique art of Kuna Expressions, the ancient Inca’s textile excellence with Kuna Millenium and the exclusivity of Kuna Luxury, the finest natural fibre in the world, Vicuna.

So call in to 234 Collins Street and let the staff show you around the new store and their fabulous alpaca and vicuna fashion.

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AAFT Australian AAFT has a new home!

Janet Bell has taken over from Paul Vallely.

Janet Bell | PH: 0437421640 The new address is 124 O’Neills Road, Gowrie Park. Tasmania 7306

EMAIL: janet@aaft.com.au www.aaft.com.au LIKE US ON FACEBOOK

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AAA Swing Tags

Image courtesy of Tickenhall Alpacas Image courtesy of Onyx Alpacas 14

Association by affirming that the products you wish to licence are sourced from alpacas in Australia and consent to an audit if either requested or at random. Fleece products may contain other fibres (e.g. Wool) provided the fibre source is also from Australia and completely processed in Australian to be consistent. Audits will be conducted by AAA staff either on request by a member to the AAA Board or as part of a random assessment to ensure that logo bearers are abiding by this process.

In return for supporting Australian Alpaca, the AAA will ● List the licenced companies and product category on a specific area of the AAA website for licenced logo holders along with a link to the separate link to the websites/shops of the holders. ● Allow up to 2 social media entries for promotion of a special event or launch of a product – provided the post contains clear prominent featuring of the logo; and ● AAA will also advertise the logo at least 2 times per year to increase the profile of the logo.

The application form and further information can be obtained from the AAA Chief Executive Officer Amanda Olthof at – amanda@alpaca.asn.au

Image courtesy of Tickenhall Alpacas

LOOKING TO BUY “AUSTRALIAN MADE” FOR GIFTS ?

Often this is extremely difficult, particularly if you are a tourist looking to take gifts home and want to avoid the “made in China” label seen on so many gifts in tourist shops.

These days there are a number of shops in tourist areas selling alpaca goods, many made in Peru or other overseas countries, but go searching for the “Guaranteed Australian Alpaca” label. These labels guarantee that the product is made in Australia from Australian grown alpaca fleece and the producer of the product has to satisfy the Australian Alpaca Association that the criteria is met before being issued with a licence to use the label on their products. Many of these products are also available from online shops or at quality markets around the country. Look for the label.

ARE YOU A PRODUCER OF AUSTRALIAN PRODUCT AND WOULD LIKE TO LICENCE IT? You would be helping to build towards a sustainable alpaca industry and assuring buyers that they have an Australian Image courtesy of Adagio Mills

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Christmas Cocktails A generous splash of Good Earth Dairy camel milk is the secret ingredient in this year's best Christmas cocktails - and mocktails. Try out these two recipes and discover the delicious point of difference.

We wish you a wonderful holiday season and a very happy new year. May you make lots of special memories that you'll treasure for years to come.

The Nutty Camel Ingredients 3/4 cup Good Earth Dairy Camel Milk 1/2 cup Frangelico liquor 1/4 cup vanilla vodka (we used Absolut Vanilla Vodka) 1 cup small ice cubes Pinch of powdered or grated nutmeg Method 1. Place all the ingredients in a cocktail shaker and shake thoroughly.

2. Use a strainer when dividing the cocktail mix evenly among four small glasses to sift out the small ice cubes.

3. Sprinkle a little extra nutmeg on top of each drink and serve immediately.

4. Enjoy responsibly.

Serves 4

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Candy Camel Mocktail Ingredients 2 cups Good Earth Dairy Camel Milk 2 scoops vanilla ice cream 1 cup white chocolate buds - melted 4 peppermint candy canes - crushed 1/4 teaspoon vanilla essence Method 1. Melt the white chocolate buds in the microwave or over a pot of boiling water according to the directions on the packet. Let the melted white chocolate cool slightly before using it.

2. Place the candy canes between two sheets of greaseproof baking paper and crush them with a rolling pin.

3. Drizzle the melted white chocolate around the rims of 2 glasses, then dip the chocolate-covered rims in the pile of crushed candy canes.

4. Place the white chocolate and candy cane-encrusted glasses in the freezer until the sweet rims set.

5. Whip the Good Earth Dairy camel milk, vanilla ice cream and vanilla essence together in a blender.

6. Divide the mixture between the two candy-encrusted glasses, garnish with remaining crushed candy canes and serve immediately.

7. Happy holidays!

Serves 2

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Sand Colic In alpacas

By The Editor - Camelid Connections

Very little seems to be written about sand colic in alpacas, although there is plenty of information about this problem in horses, perhaps signalling, that under normal circumstances it is not a major problem.

However with the continuing drought in many parts of Australia our alpacas are possibly grazing areas with very little pasture cover, and perhaps picking up sand and soil as they graze or when they eat feed that has been placed on the bare ground or fallen from feed troughs onto the ground below.

Even when grass shoots start to appear after rain these new shoots are easily pulled up and may bring up fragile roots full of sand and soil and this is another way alpacas may get a stomach full of sandy material.

What is colic?

It is a general term for gastrointestinal ailments in grazing animals including alpacas and llamas and whether it is horses or camelids it could be a veterinary emergency. Mild colic can resolve with treatment, but you need to be in touch with your vet to avoid serious problems.

How do you know if there may be a problem?

You may be able to tell if they are picking up sand by checking the bottom of their water troughs. Are they leaving sand from their mouths when they drink? Do they have sand or soil around their mouths?

Check their faeces for sand by placing a handful of faeces in a ziplock plastic bag, fill with water and swish it around until the faeces are dissolved. Hold the bag with your fingers on 18

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one side and run your thumb down the outside of the bag feeling for sand particles. While this is perhaps not the most scientific of experiments it may give you an indication there is a problem you need to resolve.

How to avoid sand colic.

Feed safely by keeping hay and other feed off the bare ground. If you are feeding in a shed keep the floor clean and make sure your animals have plenty of clean water.

What are the symptoms of colic?

Unfortunately, as with many other camelid problems, symptoms are usually only visible in severe cases. If your alpaca refuses to eat, rolls frequently, kicks at his side or lies flat out for extended periods, or keeps getting up and down he may have colic.

Another possible problem caused by drought which all alpaca owners need to keep in mind!

Colic is painful and he may grind his teeth and generally be restless. Keep in mind that if there is a sand problem the alpaca needs to keep drinking to hopefully move the sand on.

Your vet can conduct a physical examination and talk to you about recent changes in feed or management and perhaps give intravenous fluids to promote gut motility or suggest further treatment such as ultrasound or x-ray

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One free skein* of hand dyed yarn when you purchase a project bag - $50. *50 grams – 80% alpaca and 20% merino – approx. 100 metres Order yours today at: www.blackwattleyarn.com.au

Tickenhall Alpacas All our toys are created to order and are knitted in 100% Australian alpaca mainly from our own animals. Our VERY popular 'fatty alpacas' fly off the needles and have sold within Australia, the United States, Germany and England. They can be made in almost any colour.

Visit www.tickenhall.com.au

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Hand crafted heirloom quality dolls where every purchase buys meals for children in need. Lola the Llama & also Lucas the Llama available along with many other characters.

Visit https://cuddleandkind.com

Stevely Park Suris Soaps are hand made in Queensland with ethical and sustainable products and essential oils. Each soap is covered in a felted coat which shrinks down as the soap is used.

Anti-microbial and anti-bacterial. Easy to hold on to and makes a lovely gift for all ages. $8.00 each

Suri Scarves - The fibre is grown on our farm, processed into yarn at a local mill and knitted by a local lady.

5 natural colours – Black, white, grey, fawn, rose grey 185cm x 25cm $80 each.

Some scarves are hand dyed by Lezley, orders taken for specific colours $85 each.

Visit https://www.stevleypark.com.au/

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The Highlands Scarf A versatile and easy to knit scarf in 4 Ply Alpaca Ultimate yarn from Australian Alpaca Yarn.

Includes 5 x 50gram balls of 4 Ply yarn, the knitting pattern and a calico knitting bag for $50.

Choose from a range of 4 Ply colours to knit your scarf at www.australianalpacayarn.com.au

Unique Drop Spindle spinning kits Your introduction to the ancient art of spindle spinning: a unique, handcrafted drop spindle made from Australian timbers.

Kit includes: leader yarn; approximately 75 grams of soft, natural coloured alpaca tops ready to spin; and simple, easy to follow instructions. Visit www.knitalpaca.com.au/spinning

Real Knitters Colouratura Box The ‘Colouratura’ box contains a 100g skein of ‘Colouratura’ fine suri alpaca which has been hand dyed for knitalpaca. A lovely lustrous yarn, great for scarves and wraps.

Also included are information about alpaca yarns, a pattern suggestion and a discount voucher for a subsequent purchase, all presented in a lovely gift box.

To find visit ww.knitalpaca.com.au/gifts or contact Lauris Jephcott Phone 0417 399 565 22

Rosegum Alpacas "Because I suck at knitting” scarf kit - $39.95 Includes: ● 2 x 8ply balls of variegated yarn from Australian Alpaca Connection of your choice ● set of bamboo needles ● 1 pattern of very easy to follow instructions with some knitting terms and some non knitting terms. ● bag to hold it all For the person who can knit but can’t.

Visit - www.rosegumalpacas.com.au

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Macca The Alpaca Congratulations to the following subscribers who have each won a Macca The Alpaca book pack both local and international subscriber winners!

D Marks - NSW M Rosas - USA A Ashton-Wyatt - Finland

PRIZE PACK

WINNERS

NEW

Macca Book & Toy - Boxed Set The boxed set is available in all good bookshop and in the department stores like Kmart and Big W. RRP $29.99 But if people live remotely they can order online at our online bookstore - use the shop now link below.

SHOP NOW

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NOTES ON:

Congenital/Acquired Joint Angulation Deformities of the Extremities

By Sarah Donahoe - Long Acres Alpaca Farm USA I recently had a cria born with probable congenital/acquired joint angulation deformities of the forelegs secondary to malposition In Utero. This is the second cria (incidence <1%) born at our farm with a deformity that required our intervention. The first cria presented with severe windswept forelegs, knuckling over of the metacarpophalangeal joints joint, and ankylosis of both knees at a 25 - 30 degree angle.

Amazingly, her recovery progressed rapidly utilizing splints and physical therapy. Her deformities were so severe that she was unable to stand for two days. Ninety‐five percent recovery was achieved within two weeks and today, her conformation and gait is correct and she has gone on to lead a productive life.. This recent cria was not nearly so severe as our first cria, so it is our anticipation that his recovery will also progress rapidly and fully.

The incidence of congenital/acquired joint angulation deformities of the extremities due to malposition in utero is defined as angulation greater than 10% of normal and is relatively high. The range of severity is very broad as well, encompassing minor joint angulation deformities that will correct without intervention, to more severe ones that require aggressive intervention including surgery. Most of the documentation of angular joint deformities is found in the equine literature. Given that the female reproductive anatomy of the horse and the alpaca are similar, and that the long extremities of both the horse and alpaca are similar, I believe it possible to interpret some of the research in equine literature and apply it to the cria.

The major differential is a fusion of the bones, which is an abnormality that would not be possible to correct without surgery. Key to the differential is the ability to extend or flex the joint in at least one direction. A totally fused joint will not flex nor extend whereas, a joint angulation deformity that is not fused can be extended, hyperextended or flexed in at least one direction.

For this cria, the key to getting him mobile, was to stabilise the metacarpophalangeal joints joint so that it didn’t knuckle over. I’ve used a couple of “homemade” splints depending on the cria size. With all splints, I take them off and reapply twice daily to perform stretching exercises and to check the skin. I also wrap legs to prevent pressure points. PVC pipe will work but sometimes it’s heavy or too cumbersome for a small cria. A lighter option is the plastic outer case from the 60cc irrigation tip syringes. They work well to stabilize the metacarpophalangeal joints joint. I cut them to size, smooth and cover any sharp edges, and cut them longitudinal just to the flange point. Then I tape the bottom so that the splint cannot ride up the leg. I’ve also used paint rollers, especially if you can find the ones with cardboard on the interior. They do not have a flange end, so they work better for a knee (carpus). See photos.

Key to splinting is to increase mobility, so if the splint makes it too difficult for the cria to stand on it’s own, then you’ll have to rethink and try a different option. I splint the joint that seems to be the key one to getting them to stand. So our goal in splinting is to make it easier for them to stand and apply pressure of their weight. I’ve found that I could splint both metacarpophalangeal joints at the same time, but if I splinted both knees (carpus) at the same time, it made it too difficult for them to rise to a standing position.

With our first cria, I had a Physical Therapist evaluate and offer suggestions for her therapy, which was performed twice daily. One of their suggestions was to include stretching on the shoulder joints. Although not readily obvious, the shoulder can also be windswept and starting the correction in the shoulder turned out to be key to recovery with our first cria. Stretching exercises involved simply holding the stretch in various positions that were opposite to their fixed flexion or extension.

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Of note is making sure that the cria is safe from other crias and mums until recovery is complete. I’ve heard anecdotal success by using Vitamin D injectable to aid recovery. I’m a big advocate of Vitamin D and provided that the dosage is correct and that I’m mindful of the toxicity that can occur with administering Vitamin D, I see no reason not to give it.

I find it amazing how quickly these crias recover from angulation deformities.

Case from 60 cc Irrigation syringe. Flange end with tape across bottom rests against foot pad for support and to provide stabilization to metacarpophalangeal joint and prevent knuckling over.

Cria day of birth (above) unable to stand due to knuckling over and windswept knees that could not fully extend.

At 48 hours (below). Note splint on left foreleg photo. Splint on right removed at 48 hours.

Paint roller with cardboard lining, cut to size and split longitudinal works well for knee (carpus) stabilisation.

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Peruvian Alpacas Workshop

By Michelle Malt - Big Sky Alpacas

with Dr Rito Huayta and Jose Berdejo

When the opportunity arose to attend the Peruvian Alpacas Workshop at Coolawarra Alpacas in Mittagong with a fellow breeder it was an easy decision. I attended the Alpaca Fiesta in Arequipa, Peru in 2014, which included the Vicuna Chaccu prior to the Fiesta, and in addition to the conference and networking events there was an alpaca show. To have the chance to hear from someone with firsthand knowledge who has worked for some of the largest studs in Peru, who is a veterinarian and an alpaca Judge, was something I couldn’t pass up. Dr Rito Huayta was the Judge of the Alpaca Section at Melbourne Royal Show, and Jose Berdejo was the interpreter at the Show and for the four workshops held in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales.

Rito presented a number of sessions providing an overview of alpaca farming in Peru, including a breakdown of the demographics of producers, many of whom have very little formal education, which subsequently impacts the production levels for these breeders. He also covered the

use of embryo transfer techniques at different studs, judging of alpacas in Peru, and the selection criteria used by some advanced studs to assess and improve the quality of the herd. In this session I learned something totally new to me – how to ‘age’ an alpaca by inspecting the teeth.

In Peru there is no breed register, and the majority of breeders (around 95%) have small, often mixed herds. In this case, the definition of ‘mixed’ is that all the camelids are grazed and corralled together – male, female, huacaya and suri (sometimes also llama). Unplanned breeding often occurs, and due to the low level of education and the very basic conditions that many breeders live in, there is no record kept of births. Consequently, for them to be placed into an age class at an alpaca show, their age will be assessed by their teeth.

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Image courtesy of Dr Rito Huayta

Alpacas have 18 – 26 temporary teeth; comprising incisor teeth (found on the lower jaw only), canine, pre-molar and molar teeth. As the animal ages, the temporary teeth are replaced with permanent teeth, and often in the incisor teeth both the temporary and permanent teeth can be seen at the same time, with the new teeth pushing through behind and eventually displacing the temporary teeth. From around 2

years of age the permanent middle (front) incisor teeth will begin to appear, gradually dislodging and replacing the temporary teeth at around 2 ½ years of age. It may be possible to see the holes where the temporary teeth have fallen out while the process is taking place. At around 3 ½ years of age the alpaca will have 4 permanent incisor teeth, with the remaining 2 incisors coming into place at age 4 ½ - 5

Image courtesy of Dr Rito Huayta

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years. By 5 ½ - 6 years of age the alpaca will have 6 permanent incisor teeth on the lower jaw, and a small incisor on the upper jaw. The number of pre-molar and molar teeth will also have increased and the alpaca will have 28 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 32 permanent teeth. As the alpaca continues to age it will be possible to see signs of wear on the teeth, and by age 8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 9, visual separation between the incisor teeth will be more apparent.

As for humans, dentition is important for alpacas in order to be able to graze efficiently and consume adequate amounts of feed. The type of feed the alpacas have access to throughout their lifetime will have some impact on the wearing of teeth, however it is expected that alpacas from the age of 8 years onwards may begin to experience more teeth-related issues.

For alpacas to maximise the benefits of the pasture and feed provided, and to convert that nutrition into production of fibre and to reproduce, the presentation of the mouth is an important consideration, and one of the ranking and selection traits used by a number of alpaca studs in Peru.

In addition to teeth the other conformation traits that are ranked are head, legs (predominantly front legs), balance, and fleece coverage. As one would expect, there are also key fibre selection traits, both objective and subjective.

Objective rankings are determined via collection and testing of fleece samples to produce histograms, while subjective measures include density, crimp character and leg coverage.

For suri alpaca, crimp character is replaced by the independence of lock, and an additional subjective measure is a ranking for lustre. The studs who are using these ranking measures will draw conclusions from correlation of data over time, as heritability and measurement will be affected by environment, and like Australia, Peru is experiencing changes to the usual climate conditions.

The workshop was incredibly interesting and informative, including the presentation from Jose on the life of an ordinary alpaca farmer and the traditions and festivals of the Peruvians. Unfortunately, the day was over very quickly, however we did have time at the end of the day to put into practice the ranking measures that Rito had covered in his presentation on Selection.

Thank you to Coolawarra/Storybook Alpacas for hosting the workshop at Coolaroo, and to Ron Condon and Rochelle Vietch from Accoyo and Angela and Ian Preuss from Surilana for organising the workshops.

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ALPACA EVENTS

NEW ZEALAND ALPACA ASSOCIATION

AUSTRALIAN ALPACA ASSOCIATION (For details see Assoc website)

(For details see Assoc website)

Berwick Show 22/02/20

18/01/20 Levin Show (Central Region)

The Berwick Show Society has a long and proud association with agricultural competition in Victoria, tracing its history back through the Mornington Farmers Society to the founding body in Victoria, the Port Phillip Farmers Society which was established in 1848.

The alpaca competition is a well supported event within the show. A short fleeced halter competition and fabulous fleece competition make for a fun and competitive day for all participants. Fleeces will be judged on Friday 21st Feb

22/01/20 Rotorua Show (Northern Region) 15/02/20 Franklin Show (Northern Region) 07/03/20 Morrinsville Show (Northern Region) 07/03/20 Temuka & Geraldine Show (Southern Region) 14/03/20 Kumeu Show (Northern Region) 28/03/20 Malvern/Sheffield Show (Southern Region)

LLAMA EVENTS AUSTRALIAN LLAMA ASSOCIATION Nothing this quarter.

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Alpaca Herd Health: Performing an Exam

By Sarah Donahoe - Long Acres Alpaca Farm USA

Performing regular examinations on your alpacas is critical to maintaining a healthy herd.

A physical examination can take as little as one minute per animal and can be done many times by one person. Plus it offers an opportunity to “train” BOTH alpacas and handlers to relax….because face it, we aren’t stronger or faster than our alpacas, we can only work smarter and get them to trust us.

Alpacas take their cue from those around them so remember to breathe and relax when handling them. I generally herd the alpacas into a small area and I make it very predictable so that they are not surprised by my touch nor feel as though I have “caught” them. I start with the one that trusts me the most thus allowing the other alpacas to watch and hopefully realise that this is not a bad experience.

Starting at the head and working down and back, I do a

systematic approach so that I don’t miss anything and the examination becomes secondary and flows well. The accompanying video shows me performing an examination and finishing with me administering their shot. At the end, it is important that the alpaca relax before you walk away.

Doing this will affect positively your next encounter with them. If they start to get tense, try relaxing, you will be amazed at the effect relaxation can have on a tense animal.

Ideally it’s good to pick up the feet, but you might not be able to do this without haltering them, which adds time. I work on a dry lot or on concrete so I can at least see their feet well, and then I can come back to them later and check their feet and/or trim toes. I also make a mental note for those that need dental and perform it at a later date. If you have a second handler, you can easily obtain a faecal sample and pick up feet during your examination.

There is a video listed on this same resource page that shows me performing a quick examination we typically do during our herd health or click the image below to watch it now.

CLICK TO WATCH THE VIDEO

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Services Directory FLEECE BUYERS

PRODUCT FOR SALE

Australian Alpaca Fleece Ltd. Unit 2, 114 Fairbairn Road, Sunshine West Vic 3020 Phone: 03 9311 0933 Website: www.aafl.com.au We are the oldest and largest Australian Alpaca Fibre buyer.

AAFL buys Huacaya and Suri in all qualities, quantities, colours and grades. Contact us for our free freight program.

AAFL receives your fleece every business day of the year from 9am to 5 pm.

Australian Alpaca Fleece Ltd. Unit 2, 114 Fairbairn Road, Sunshine West Vic 3020 Phone: 03 9311 0933 Website: www.aafl.com.au Australian Alpaca Fleece Ltd. (AAFL) Distributes in Australian a complete variety of Alpaca made garments under its Australian brand, Australian Alpaca Connection and also is the exclusive distributor in Australia and New Zealand of the internationally recognised Alpaca fashion brand, KUNA.

Waratah Alpaca Fibre 471 Woodlands Road, Mittagong, NSW, 2575 Postal Address: PO Box 280 Gerringong NSW 2534 Phone: Michael Williams Ph 0407 407618 Email: mick@waratahalpacafibre.com.au Website: ww.waratahalpacafibre.com.au A fibre co operative buying fleece from both members and non members. Refer to their website for further details.

Stevley Park Suris Contact: Lesley on 0417 506 855 Website: www.stevleypark.com.au Felted: Soaps - Scarves - Glasses cases - Tote Bags - Throws Baby Blankets Knitted: Soft Toys - Mittens - Beanies - Scarves Pfeiffer Park Alpacas 295 Artillery Road North Rockhampton, Qld 4702 Phone: 0409 129 953 Email: pfeiffer01@bigpond.com Website: www.ppalpacas.com.au Visit our online store to see our large range of clothing, yarn and accessories.

FLEECE PROCESSORS Australian Alpaca Fleece Ltd. Unit 2, 114 Fairbairn Road, Sunshine West Vic 3020 Phone: 03 9311 0933 Website: www.aafl.com.au We are the largest supplier of Alpaca materials in Australia.

Scoured Alpaca, Alpaca Tops and Yarns, in all qualities and a large variety of colour from naturals to fashion colours.

Boston Fine Fibres Contact: Tanya Boston Mobile: 0417 497 940 Email: ttboston@bigpond.com Website: www.bostonfinefibres.com.au Your fleece will be processed with the utmost care to produce top quality products in our Eco friendly facility. We process elite fleece into rovings, batts, felt or yarn in your choice of 2,4,8,10 ply. Bulky and rug yarn also available. Yarn is available in skeins, cones, balls.

FLEECE TESTING AAFT Contact: Paul Vallely Ph: 61 2 4834 2132 Email: info@aaft.com.au Website: www.aaft.com.au Australia’s only fibre testing laboratory dedicated to alpaca breeders.

Micronman Contact: Wayne Marshall Ph: 08 9418 1733 Email: micronman3@gmail.com Website: www.micronman.com.au Prompt service histogram with every test. Using OFDA2000 (profile) and OFDA100 (modulation) Fully accredited.

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