Martial Arts Magazine Budo International 511 March 2025

Join the greats!

Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025

Join the greats!

Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025

BUDO MASTERS 2025 The event:

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Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025

Pearls of the Warrior

“The good master desires no

reward more brilliant than this: That of forming a disciple who surpasses him.”

The metamorphosis of life

I

have never been very nostalgic. By nature I have always looked forward, which to my detriment has led me to have a weak memory. It is only strong when it comes to emotionally intense situations, moments in your life that manifest themselves as crossroads where things (and with them oneself) change.

The end of a cycle, the beginning of a new one, are moments of great intensity, in which remaining tied to memories only hinders our flow in existence.

The dimension of time, for practical purposes, only moves in one direction, forward. The other three directions of evolution must however also be considered in the aforementioned tessituras, i.e. forward, upward, inward and towards the whole. Anything that contradicts the natural flow of these directions will be an inconvenient burden in the process of personal growth to which we are all committed, as long as we know how to flow in a positive way.

From time to time, from the past, some pearl or other comes to us; sometimes they are the residues, gravitational waves that, like traces of the stone that we once threw into the water, and after hitting the limits of infinity, return in the form of unexpected disruption of the present. Unresolved things that knock at your door, sometimes, not infrequently, with an inordinate intensity and certainly always extemporaneously.

Postponing them no longer works, nor does ignoring them, and all that remains is to resolve, and generally to assume, the losses that every ending entails. And the fact is that the endings always come in conspiracy with the energy that accompanies death, that even if they are for the good, the characteristics of the presence of the grim reaper bring with them singular effects.

Nature abhors the emptiness that accompanies death, this is only a moment of passage in the dance of the great forces; nevertheless this uncomfortable companion fulfills an essential function in the evolutionary nature, that although ungrateful, we cannot skip.

The mourning it entails is therefore just and necessary, but just as ignoring it will not shorten it, extending it, gloating over it, will not help us either. Faced with this, as with other great upheavals of our existence, sailing light is always a good thing.

One, who has already built and built several houses throughout his life, knows well that keeping tons of “things” or dragging them halfway around the world, is as useless as inappropriate. In the same way, the endings must be accompanied by letting go of ballast; so that the new can arrive... You have to make room!

When hearts are anchored in memories, nostalgia, or the past in general, all that remains is moaning and sadness, bad companions, sticky vermin that consume the soul... in exchange for nothing. As Les luthiers used to say “any time in the past... was before...”.

The past is only a synaptic reference altered in our minds by countless uncontrollable factors: memory is nothing but a bad imitation of a reality, which, if already lived through the glasses of our preferences, is reprocessed when we store it in such a way that its resemblance to our initial experience is usually anecdotal. The brain is selfish and artful when it comes to choosing the re-reading and storage of our experiences, so that all nostalgia is nothing more than sentimental self-masturbation. To live in the past is to tie oneself to something imaginary, and as such not very different from a hallucinatory state; to live in the past is not life, it is a drug.

From the lament of the cuckold, to the deification of the past, men have always tried to elevate their memories to the altars, thus trying to value their finite experience, to give meaning to the precariousness of our vital time.

Life is a one-way train, with the same terminus station for all. It is the journey in itself that is a transforming experience, which only accumulates and is valued in the friction that wears us down, reshapes us and refines us, leaving shavings of our being in each experience, which, like dead skin, are left on the road.

That change is what shapes our spirit, the only eternal part of our being, that like a butterfly makes us be born worms and so again and again break our cocoons ... forward! upward! and in the end, towards the whole!

What a journey!

ITACA (KAVAFIS) When you set out on the journey to Ithaca, pray that the road is long, full of adventures, full of knowledge.

Pray that the road be long, that there may be many mornings when you will enter a port that your eyes did not know, and go to cities, to learn from those who know.

You must get there, it is your destiny, but do not force the journey at all.

It is preferable that it lasts many years, that you are old when you arrive at the island, rich from all that you will have gained by making the journey, without expecting that it will give you more riches.

Ithaca has given you the beautiful journey, without it you would not have departed.

And if it seems poor to you, it is not that Ithaca has deceived you. has deceived you. Wise as you have become, you will know what Ithaca means.

Farther, you must go, farther From the fallen trees that now imprison you, and when you have conquered them, be mindful not to stop.

Farther, always go farther, farther from today, which now fetters you.

And when you are freed, begin again the new steps.

Farther, always much farther.

Farther away from the tomorrow that is now approaching.

And when you think you have arrived Know how to find new paths.

Farther, always much farther, farther away from the tomorrow that is now approaching, and when you are liberated, be mindful not to stop.

Good journey to the warriors who are faithful to their people, may the God of the winds favor the sail of your ship, and in spite of your ancient strife, find pleasure in the most loving bodies.

Fill nets of dear stars full of adventures, full of knowledge.

Bon voyage to the warriors if they are faithful to their people, may the God of the winds favor the sail of their ship, and despite their ancient strife, may love fill your generous body, and find the paths of old longings, full of adventures, full of knowledge.

Enrique de Vicente interview to Shidoshi Alfredo Tucci on his youtube channel about Ebunto Japanese Shamanism of the indigenous people of Japan

Tribute to Master Hiruma I am in favor of paying tribute to people during their lifetime, therefore, despite the fact that I have not met the Master Hiruma in person, I have got to know him well through his students, the author of this article, Miguel Morales, and his Sempai Francisco Suarez, who taught at the Hombu Dojo for many years. Both of them give me a gentle, humane, humble and affectionate impression of their teacher. It has always been said that one gets to know teachers through their students; if this is the impression Hiruma Sensei leaves on others, how wonderful!

It was undoubtedly fate that led Master Hiruma to start teaching Karate at the Fujiyama gym, just one block from my house, at 10 Rodriguez San Pedro. It was in that beautiful dojo, a reference for Martial Arts in Spain, that I started to go around 1968 to learn Judo. I'm sure that Hiruma Sensei and I crossed paths more than once in those days; if I remember correctly, they trained after our class.

That was the first time I saw Karate being done; nothing could indicate, nor could anyone even imagine, the close connection that this Art would have with my life. Years later I would travel to the Frankfurt Book Fair to obtain, for the first time, from Kodansha, the national publishing house of Japan, the rights to translate and publish in Spanish the books of Funakoshi Guichin, father of Karate, and at the time, teacher of Hiruma's teacher, Egami Sensei.

My life has always been linked to Japan and to karate. In fact, at the moment, as well as the magazine Cinturón Negro, I edit the magazine KARATE. Destiny weaves the meanderings of its whims with a fine thread... that's why I didn't want to miss the opportunity to answer its call, because I firmly believe that despite the futility of things, life and the people in it should be celebrated and attended to in their maximum expression, both in the small everyday things and in the most formal and grand, through bullfighting gestures and toasts to the sun.

I have known Miguel Morales for years, and my brother Paco, Francisco Suarez, even longer, and we also share a Japanese spiritual lineage.

Everything is explained when you know how to look. The circle closes today; destiny has been served; each piece takes its place and the hidden reasons for this tangle become clear in the light of the invitation extended months ago to Miguel to pay homage to this great Master, living history of karate in Spain and the world.

Hiruma Sensei deserves this recognition, this cover, and this article, for a lifetime of impeccable commitment to karate, from which he emerges today as a worthy example, that is to say as the master he is.

Alfredo Tucci

“Hiruma Sensei deserves this recognition, this cover, and this article, for a lifetime of impeccable commitment to karate, from which he emerges today as a worthy example, that is to say as the master he is.”

A life of mastery in Karate.

-First of all I would like to take this opportunity to thank with all my heart or as they say in Japan with all my kimochi (feeling) these almost forty years of teaching, patience and friendship from my Master Atsuo Hiruma.

I met Master Hiruma in 1986 at the Honbu Dojo, which happened to be located in the neighborhood where I lived. I still remember the charisma and strong personality of the Master when I entered the office of the gym. Since then, the bond has been very close, almost bordering on a father-son relationship, as I spent ten years working as a secretary and assistant at the Honbu.

In my tribute I wanted to introduce him as a person and not as a karateka. But it is inevitable to make a small introduction, because, even if he is the pioneer of karate in Spain, there will be many people who do not know him and our School.

Master Hiruma was born in Kanagawa, Japan in 1941. He started practicing Judo and later, at the age of fifteen, he entered the Dojo of Master Egami, a direct student of Master Gichin Funakoshi, who at that time directed the Shotokai School.

They were very difficult times in post-war Japan.

Master Hiruma tells us that the streets were very dangerous, there were many criminals and thugs everywhere. So he decided to train in karate. He remembers how strict and hard Master Egami was with him and how this forged his character (the same way I feel he did with me).

“Master Hiruma was born in Kanagawa, Japan in 1941.

He started practicing Judo and later, at the age of fifteen, he entered the Dojo of Master Egami, a direct student of Master Gichin Funakoshi”

It was 1966 when Master Hiruma came to Spain by boat from Japan, what an adventure!

On a stopover on his voyage in the Indian Ocean, while swimming in the sea, he heard someone shouting from the boat: Shark! Shark! He didn't understand so he continued swimming as if nothing had happened, until he realized that he was surrounded by sharks.

Fortunately his destination was elsewhere and he was saved from that predicament.

When the Master arrived in Spain, very little was known about karate here, and it was also banned! But thanks to some contacts, and his hard work, it gradually became more popular, to the point of ending up giving classes to the Security Forces and the Royal Household.

“It was 1966 when Master Hiruma came to Spain by boat from Japan”

For about twenty years he worked in other dojos such as Fujiyama, where great Shotokai karatekas such as my Senpais Francisco Suárez, Antonio López and Albert Gozlán began their training.

In 1982 he managed to open his own gym, the current Shotokan Honbu Dojo, the main headquarters in Europe of the Shotokai style.

Shotokai Karate is based on fluidity and uninterrupted movements, with very low and flexible postures, giving great importance to physical fitness, especially elasticity and flexibility, as the movements and techniques are very long.

In Shotokai Karate there is no competition; Master Funakoshi did not like competition and on inheriting the direction of the school, Master Egami followed that guideline. Later on, Master Egami focused more on the search for the “Do” (spiritual path) part, giving maximum importance to “Ki”, to harmony with one's partner, emphasizing the aspects related to karate as a path of Selfknowledge of Peace and transcendence of combat, through union with the opponent instead of through conflict.

Training in Shotokai Karate used to be to the point of exhaustion, pushing the limit, in order to break down physical strength and tension and thus be able to liberate the authentic inner strength.

As a teacher, Hiruma Sensei has always helped me to understand that there are no limits, and that attitude is what allows character to be forged. Knowing my quarrelsome character, he always told me: “Ninja! If you get angry, you lose”.

“In Shotokai Karate there is no competition; Master Funakoshi did not like competition and on inheriting the direction of the school, Master Egami followed that guideline.”

After all these years with him, I can only speak fondly of him. I really don't know why, but when I entered the Dojo at the age of just fourteen, Master Hiruma took a liking to me somehow; maybe it was my desire to learn karate? The truth is that the Master liked me. I was passionate about karate and the fact is that I went straight into the tough adult classes.

Over time, a deep relationship was built that goes beyond the usual teacher-student relationship as it is understood in Spain. I started traveling with him to his courses throughout Spain and Portugal. This allowed me to see very quickly that with his students he was a very strict person in the Dojo, but outside of it he was very warm and affectionate. Over the years, I have seen him become more and more understanding and kind. Today the Master continues to teach how to avoid conflict, reminding us that Karate is for peace.

Hiruma Sensei is a person who cares very much that all the students in his different schools feel unique, special and loved by him. He is especially sensitive with children; there is nothing like seeing how much they love him in the courses he teaches, and how they ask him after class to sign their karate gi lapels.

“Hiruma Sensei is a person who cares very much that all the students in his different schools feel unique, special and loved by him. He is especially sensitive with children”

“At eighty-three years of age, he continues to travel and give courses in America, Italy, Portugal and all over Spain, as well as returning to Japan every year to be with his family and visit his friends.”

Hiruma is a person who loves tranquillity, self-care, good food and friendship. Even today, he still fasts regularly and goes to the swimming pool three or four times a week, where we enjoy training and good conversations.

At eighty-three years of age, he continues to travel and give courses in America, Italy, Portugal and all over Spain, as well as returning to Japan every year to be with his family and visit his friends.

Behind this Master with a stern and serious appearance as if straight out of a samurai movie, there is a great man, shy and deeply involved in human relations. In fact, one of his phrases, which we all share at the school, is: “Karate and life is an encounter” (sic).

Despite his age, the Master is still learning; when asked what most catches his attention at this point in his personal work, he told me about the term “Gamaku”, an Okinawan term that refers to the center of the body, where all strength is generated.

In Japanese martial arts, this same idea is known as koshi ( ) in Chinese arts as kua ( ), and involves the muscle bundles around the side, back, abdomen and pelvis that connect the upper and lower body. Although this seems to reflect the Japanese term “koshi” (waist, hips, loin, lumbar), gamaku, like kua, implies the activation of balanced and interconnected contractions and relaxations, rather than a mere physiological designation.

This study has often been linked more to schools such as Goju Ryu, but the truth is that it has deep Okinawan roots. This is also where terms such as Chinkuchi come from, from the Okinawan dialect itself; something that translates as “a single force” or “a small force”. The etymology of the name is that of great “power”, which can be demonstrated with just “a little” movement, in Japanese known as kime.

The Master places special emphasis on the phenomena involved in action-reaction, as well as on the centrifugal and centripetal forces involved in the processes of movement proper to Karate. Energy studies form part of the essence of the Shoto Kai style; it is well known that Master Egami had great power in the use of his Ki, manifested far beyond his physical strength, even when he was old and ill. Many stories are told about him.

Like all the greats, Hiruma remains steadfast on his path, an example for us all to follow.

Thank you very much, Master, BANZAI! BANZAI! BANZAI! Miguel Morales

“Energy studies are part of the essence of the Shoto Kai style; it is well known that Master Egami possessed great power in the use of his Ki manifested far beyond his physical strength, even when he was older and sick.”

The life mastering I saw hope for myself in everything that came from the East: Zen, yoga, meditation, martial arts. I decided on karate and so I signed up for classes at the Fujiyama gym. I started training with great enthusiasm and willpower.

Getting tired was not pleasant, but it gave me a purpose, a discipline, a sedation to my torment. It was his purpose and his mastery that managed to greatly calm my mental indiscipline, and although I did not understand many things, it was my trust in him that always prevailed over other tribulations to continue on the path.

The more I got to know him, the more my respect for him grew. He did all this much more with his actions than with his words, which I never saw him use to speak ill of any other teacher or style; this in particular is for me essential in what I consider to be someone's mastery, even more than the technical explanation of the system itself.

Thanks to him I got to know Japan and its people, as well as other great masters. For 23 years I traveled the path with him, and it was generally a rewarding journey with memorable companions, people, places and events.

I can only express my gratitude, and even though today I don't practice regularly, the purpose I received from him has not diminished.

I am wholeheartedly grateful to him.

Thank you TEACHER. KOKORO NO SOKOKARA ARIGATO GOZAIMASU O SENSEI Francisco Suarez.

“It was his purpose and his mastery that managed to greatly calm my mental indiscipline, and although I did not understand many things, it was my trust in him that always prevailed over other tribulations to continue on the path.”

Martial Arts Evolution in the Modern Era “Hwa Rang Do® is neither a style nor a system, but a Way of life.”

The general public and the martial arts community have always struggled to classify Hwa Rang Do® within the traditional framework of martial arts styles. Is it kungfu?

No. Is it karate? No. Then what is it? This question has echoed for decades because Hwa Rang Do defies categorization, blending an unparalleled breadth of techniques, philosophies, and applications that go beyond the scope of most conventional martial arts.

When we began participating in open martial arts tournaments in the 1970s across the United States, this ambiguity became both a challenge and a testament to the uniqueness of our art. At these events, we faced stringent rules that restricted many techniques fundamental to Hwa Rang Do. For instance, spinning kicks, a signature and highly effective maneuver in our arsenal, were outright prohibited.

Only basic techniques, such as the front kick, side kick, roundhouse kick (what we refer to as the chop kick), and back kick, were permitted. These limitations forced us to adapt and conform to the standardized frameworks imposed by tournament organizers, who were unfamiliar with the diversity and depth of our system.

Adding to the difficulty, we were not allowed to employ throws or takedowns, core elements of our art’s dynamic versatility. As a new martial art in America with a relatively small number of practitioners at the time, we had no choice but to adjust to these conventional rules in order to compete. Despite these constraints, our students not only held their ground but excelled, dominating the competition with sheer skill, discipline, and adaptability.

The challenges extended beyond sparring. During the 70s, 80s, and even into the 90s, Hwa Rang Do forms (hyung) were excluded from forms competitions at open tournaments. Judges and organizers, unfamiliar with the complexity and fluidity of our movements, had no criteria to properly evaluate them. Our forms, which combine grace, power, and intricate transitions that reflect the art’s comprehensive nature, stood apart from the rigid or repetitive patterns of other styles. Their uniqueness, rather than being celebrated, was met with confusion.

“In the United States during the 1960s, martial arts were synonymous with one word: judo. At the time, Judo/Jujitsu was the most prominent martial art practiced in America, largely due to its introduction by Japanese immigrants and its Olympic debut.”

Hwa Rang Do has always stood as a martial art of unparalleled comprehensiveness, integrating striking, grappling, joint locks, weaponry, and internal development into a cohesive whole. This made it difficult for others to understand or label. Unlike kungfu or karate, which are often confined to specific regional traditions or technical specializations, Hwa Rang Do’s philosophy embraces adaptability and mastery of all ranges of combat. This holistic approach is both its strength and the source of the question: what exactly is it?

Our journey has always been about breaking molds and transcending limitations, proving that Hwa Rang Do is not defined by conventional labels.

Instead, it remains a dynamic, evolving martial art rooted in tradition yet responsive to the challenges of every era.

Hwa Rang Do has always existed at the intersection of hard and soft, blending both approaches into a unified system that defies traditional categorization.

Unlike karate, which is often associated with linear, rigid, and powerful techniques, or kungfu, known for its flowing, circular, and softer movements, Hwa Rang Do is a hybrid. It combines the strength and directness of hard styles with the adaptability and fluidity of soft styles, creating a balanced and comprehensive martial art. This unique blend challenged the martial arts norms of the time and influenced the development of open tournament structures in the decades that followed.

For instance, it was largely due to the influence of Hwa Rang Do that, by the 1980s, open martial arts tournaments introduced a combined hard/soft division for forms competitions. Before this, forms were strictly categorized into hard or soft styles, leaving no room for arts like ours, which seamlessly integrate both principles. This evolution in tournament rules reflected a growing recognition of the need to accommodate martial arts systems that did not conform to rigid classifications. Hwa Rang Do’s existence and participation in these events helped pave the way for a broader understanding and acceptance of diverse martial arts philosophies.

Much of what happens socially and how we perceive the world is dictated by popular trends, and martial arts are no exception. In the mid-20th century, the global martial arts landscape was heavily influenced by historical and cultural shifts, particularly the legacy of Japanese imperialism. Having traveled extensively across the world, I observed a common pattern: in virtually every country, people’s martial arts journeys began with either judo or karate. This phenomenon is deeply rooted in history.

During the early 20th century, Japan’s imperial expansion across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and even as far as the Philippines brought its cultural practices, including martial arts, to the forefront. Korea, under Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945, was also profoundly affected. Traditional Korean martial arts were suppressed, and Japanese systems like judo, kendo, and karate were introduced and institutionalized. As Japanese influence spread westward in the post-war period, these arts became the foundation of martial arts training in many parts of the world. The result was a dominant narrative that positioned Japanese martial arts as the standard, leaving little room for indigenous or hybrid systems to gain recognition.

“Our journey has always been about breaking molds and transcending limitations, proving that Hwa Rang Do is not defined by conventional labels”

This social and cultural fusion between East and West accelerated after World War II, as the West became fascinated with Eastern philosophies and martial practices. Karate, in particular, gained immense popularity in the United States and Europe during the 1950s and 60s, partly due to its straightforward, disciplined approach that appealed to Western sensibilities. Judo, having become an Olympic sport in 1964, further cemented Japan’s martial arts legacy on the global stage.

In contrast, Korea’s martial arts renaissance came later, following its liberation from Japan in 1945. Arts like taekwondo and hapkido began to gain international recognition, but Hwa Rang Do, with its comprehensive approach and deep historical roots in Korea’s ancient traditions, stood apart. Its philosophy and techniques were shaped not by the confines of Japanese influence but by the broader legacy of the Hwarang warriors of ancient Silla, who emphasized a balance of physical prowess, mental discipline, and spiritual growth.

As the martial arts community became more exposed to Hwa Rang Do’s distinctive qualities, it began to challenge the dominance of rigid categorizations like "hard" versus "soft" or "Japanese" versus "Chinese." By blending hard, linear strikes with soft, circular movements; integrating grappling, throws, and joint locks; and emphasizing internal development alongside external techniques, Hwa Rang Do represented a new paradigm in martial arts. Its influence not only changed the way tournaments were structured but also broadened the martial arts community's understanding of what a martial art could be.

In the United States during the 1960s, martial arts were synonymous with one word: judo. At the time, Judo/Jujitsu was the most prominent martial art practiced in America, largely due to its introduction by Japanese immigrants and its Olympic debut. This popularity was so pervasive that the Yellow Pages, the primary resource for local business listings, categorized all martial arts under the singular heading of "Judo." This practice persisted well into the 1970s, reflecting the limited awareness and understanding of martial arts diversity among the American public. It wasn’t until the 1980s that the broader term “Martial Arts” replaced “Judo” in popular directories, acknowledging the growing variety of martial arts styles being practiced across the country.

A pivotal shift in this landscape came in the mid-1970s when one man revolutionized the perception of martial arts in the United States: Bruce Lee. Lee’s meteoric rise to fame, fueled by his magnetic presence in films like The Big Boss (1971), Fist of Fury (1972), and Enter the Dragon (1973), captivated audiences and sparked a martial arts phenomenon unlike anything the country had seen before. Bruce Lee’s incredible speed, precision, and charisma turned the focus of martial arts in the U.S. away from grappling and ground techniques toward striking arts—kicking and punching in dynamic, explosive ways.

Before Lee’s influence, many Americans associated martial arts with the throwing, pinning, and grappling techniques characteristic of Judo/Jujitsu. These practices, while effective, often seemed less glamorous or exciting to the uninitiated. Bruce Lee changed that perception entirely. He embodied the ideal of a martial artist as a graceful, powerful, and highly skilled fighter, moving with an elegance that combined traditional martial arts principles with modern athleticism. His work not only fueled a surge of interest in martial arts but also reshaped its image from a niche activity to a widespread cultural phenomenon.

In this environment, Americans began to crave martial arts that emphasized dynamic striking techniques over grappling and groundwork. Schools teaching karate, taekwondo, kickboxing, and kungfu thrived as the public gravitated toward these strikingbased systems, inspired by Bruce Lee’s onscreen displays of martial prowess. The martial arts landscape in the United States was undergoing a profound transformation, with Lee at its center.

“For instance, it was largely due to the influence of Hwa Rang Do that, by the 1980s, open martial arts tournaments introduced a combined hard/soft division for forms competitions”

“Bruce Lee’s incredible speed, precision, and charisma turned the focus of martial arts in the U.S. away from grappling and ground techniques toward striking arts—kicking and punching in dynamic, explosive ways.”

It was against this backdrop of rapid change and growing enthusiasm for martial arts that my father, Dr. Joo Bang Lee emigrated from South Korea to the United States in 1972, bringing with him the ancient art of Hwa Rang Do. Steeped in the rich history of Korea’s warrior culture, Hwa Rang Do represented not just a martial art but a way of life, blending physical mastery with ethical and spiritual development. Dr. Lee envisioned sharing this comprehensive system with the world, introducing a martial art that balanced hard and soft techniques, striking and grappling, physical combat, and personal growth.

Dr. Lee’s mission was both ambitious and challenging. The social landscape of the 1970s favored the theatrical aspects of martial arts— kicks, punches, and flashy techniques popularized by Hollywood movies. Hwa Rang Do, while incorporating all of these elements, also emphasized principles that transcended mere combat.

It was deeply rooted in the legacy of the Hwarang, an elite group of warrior-scholars from Korea’s Silla Dynasty who trained in martial arts, poetry, ethics, and spiritual discipline. This holistic philosophy set Hwa Rang Do apart from many other martial arts of the time, which were often narrowly focused on specific techniques or combat sports.

Dr. Lee’s arrival in the United States during this martial arts renaissance marked the beginning of a long journey to establish Hwa Rang Do as a respected and recognized martial arts system. His dedication to preserving its authenticity while adapting to the evolving martial arts culture of America was a testament to his vision. At a time when many martial arts schools were reshaping their curriculums to align with fleeting popular trends and commercial demands, Dr. Joo Bang Lee stood unwavering in his dedication to preserving the full breadth and profound depth of Hwa Rang Do. He refused to compromise its integrity, understanding that Hwa Rang Do was far more than just a style or system of martial arts—it was a holistic way of life, designed to cultivate the complete human being. Its purpose extended beyond physical combat, emphasizing the pursuit of moral and ethical excellence, personal discipline, and the realization of our highest potential as individuals. For Dr. Lee, Hwa Rang Do was a transformative path, empowering practitioners to harmonize body, mind, and spirit in service of a greater good. His steadfast commitment ensured that Hwa Rang Do remained a living philosophy, offering not just techniques for self-defense but a timeless framework for maximizing human potential and embodying a life of honor and virtue.

Ultimately, both Bruce Lee and Dr. Joo Bang Lee played transformative roles in shaping the martial arts landscape of the United States. Bruce Lee brought martial arts into the mainstream, sparking interest and excitement that opened the door for other styles to emerge. Dr. Joo Bang Lee introduced a martial art that offered not only combat effectiveness but also a path to personal growth and enlightenment. Together, they contributed to the rich and diverse martial arts culture we know today.

This evolution underscores the broader truth that martial arts, like society itself, are shaped by history, culture, and the forces of globalization. Hwa Rang Do’s emergence and impact illustrate the importance of preserving and adapting tradition while challenging the boundaries of convention to create something entirely new.

“Bruce Lee brought martial arts into the mainstream, sparking interest and excitement that opened the door for other styles to emerge. Dr. Joo Bang Lee introduced a martial art that offered not only combat effectiveness but also a path to personal growth and enlightenment.”

COMBAT JUDO Milan, Italy's first gym where Kali, Silat and Jkd were practiced.

Preliminary interview to accept people to the course Me: Have you practiced martial arts before ?

Him: No , Only judo for a few years Me: But judo is a martial art Him: Ah, yes ... well ... more ... a sport maybe

Considerations like these have not been uncommon in the past.

Judo achieved planetary fame by sacrificing, day after day, its martial side. Yet until the 1970s judo on a par with karate were respectable activities on the level of physical preparation psychomotor education and above all self-defense. At a certain point, unfortunately, within the various Dojos, self-defense was practiced separately, forgetting that the martial art that was being practiced, perhaps for several years already, was self-defense. If we take a look at the text of Moshe Feldenkrais, founder of Judo Club France in Paris and the first black belt in Judo in Europe, we can see that a whole series of techniques existed at that time that are completely absent in the curricula today.

I am referring to neck holds with risk of injury to the cervical spine, ankle twists, leg holds to leverage the entire spine, strangulations either with the lapel or with the hands or forearm, strikes in sensitive areas of the body called atemi. In addition, defenses from knife attack, stick and even defense activities against multiple opponents were studied.

My Judo master Giorgio Ciampi (7th Dan who passed away in 2023) belonged to this old school, he was ready to challenge anyone especially if you said you were doing martial arts. He did not care what discipline the other practiced, he always wanted to verify his words on the tatami then we would go to dinner together.

One incident gives insight into the spirit of judo at the time.

Having retired from the police force, Master Ciampi was offered the management of a jewelry store in the center of Milan. One day two individuals with guns entered to enact a robbery. Maestro raised his hands, unable to do anything, but that situation of helplessness made him “mount a great anger inside.” Second by second, his impatience with that situation grew until, unable to resist any longer, he lunged at one of the two, violently projecting him to the ground as the other prepared to intervene by firing his weapon and wounding Master Ciampi in the hand. Despite the fact that the bullet had pierced the limb, the Judoka removed the scarf he wore around his neck and strangled the assailant until he was unconscious. He immediately called his former colleagues to the station, and in the span of a few minutes they caught up with him, watching in amazement and admiration as despite the wound he had bundled up and stunned both assailants.

This is what real judo is all about.

When I teach Southeast Asian martial arts classes I often invite my students to watch videos of Judo great master Mifune so that they can observe the essence of real Judo. However, the gentleness of the movements, the ease with which he executes projections, the absence of a military garb, and the lack of villainous grimaces, calls into question the actual value of the one who in my eyes is an outclassman.

Nice but in reality I don't know if this can work

Answered by some I read on a martial arts forum that that dance is fine in the gym, but the reality is something else entirely....

As usual, people believe more and more in the lamb dressed as a lion and less and less in the lion dressed as a lamb.

If we read Feldenkrais' interview about Master Mifune we would immediately change our minds. The Japanese man in his youth was a “hothead” and loved to prove himself by picking fights with the worst offenders, regardless of number or whether they were armed. Jigoro Kano (creator of Judo) himself had to use his influence as a government man to get him out of prison.

Coming from Calabria, I found myself spending the most dangerous years of a man's life (adolescence) in the hottest place in Italy and perhaps Europe: the Milan of the Lead Years. Judo saved me several times from situations that were embarrassing to say the least.

Just as I have to admit that I had karateka friends who needed only one blow, just one blow, to knock out an even armed enforcer. Other years, other way of training. Today if one takes a blow to the nose and sees a little bit of blood he changes discipline. I, when I was 13 years old, had my arm broken in a judo competition and was crying to convince my father so that after the long hospital stay was over I could return to the Dojo. Later in the years Master Matagay (Arnis de mano bodyguard of Marcos) would also break my arm again, in that case, however, I was old enough to decide for myself, and I decided to finish the class before going to the hospital. I recognize today that this was not a wise decision, but the trai-

ning school at that time provided a sense of sacrifice. Let us return to Judo as a Martial Art. If we search the manuals circulated among the military during World War II especially the British and North American ones we often see the title Combat Judo.

Giving a quick glance at the text and photos in the books we recognize classic Judo techniques such as O soto Gari, O goshi Ippon seoi nage, but most of all we notice an infinity of joint levers either to reduce the other to helplessness or to disarm the opponent armed with stick, knife, revolver and even bayonet. Now here we find a second point much debated in keyboard pundits: joint levers do not work, disarms do not work, against the knife nothing can be done much less against the gun. Working often with the military (and to think that my initial training was on the opposite bank) I have learned one thing: in that world one spends time and money only on what works-valid principle especially in times of war. It is easily deduced that training the military in judo and disarmament techniques even against firearms had to serve a purpose otherwise no one would spend valuable time and resources. By

this one does not want to believe in movie fictions where everything is all too easy, however the experience of those in war, in hand-to-hand combat survived tells us that the study of combat judo saved their lives in a real conflict.

Judo took, rightly or wrongly, another path: sports, attention to children (which is also commendable) but paid a rather high price: it sacrificed its heart as Budo. Unfortunately, with the passing of masters such as the aforementioned M°Giorgio Ciampi and The late M° Cesare Barioli, the essence of Budo is moving further and further away from judo.

The change we are witnessing within modern judo, spectacular and made by extraordinary judoka, has allowed the different forms of ju jiutsu to resurrect occupying a space that at least in the first decades of judo's birth were the domain of judo itself.

Combat Judo also has the characteristic of being practiced in service clothing or, as many photos show, shirtless also to show that a jacket or kimono to attach to is not necessary to practice it. The judo I refer to is very similar to the Silat I have been studying for 40 years indeed if I had not recognized within it common principles I might never have approached the Southeast Asian martial art.

Undoubtedly in Feldenkrais Close Combat the part of the original judo is preponderant and it is not excluded that many military manuals were inspired precisely by the work Moshe Feldenkrais had done in England during World War II. A period in which he divided his time as a scientist engaged in the study of sonar and as a teacher to teach handto-hand combat to the last European troops opposing Hitler.

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“Larga Mano” (Long Hand) simply means long-distance combat, a method that teaches you to stay away from your opponent and hurt him without even entering the hand-to-hand distance. In a way, the Filipino people were ahead of the times, perhaps because, little conditioned by their traditions, they suffered many invasions and, frequently, their habits and customs were altered. But they knew how to turn their misfortune into advantage, and they learned to absorb and integrate everything that could be useful and increase effectiveness. Their Martial Arts are an excellent example of this. Philippine Arts masters did not pose the problem of remaining tied to such or such custom, but without hesitation, integrated into their own systems personal experiences of Karate or Japanese Judo, Western Boxing, Silat of neighboring Indonesia and the ancient traditions linked to Scrima, the art of self-defense perfected in the Italian peninsula.

When the Philippine Arnis spread in the West, to distinguish it from Fencing, it was called "the living hand fencing", because the hand that did not hold the weapon, actively collaborated in the actions of defense and offense. Thus, the difference between the two systems, the East and the West, is that in Olympic fencing, the unarmed hand is kept safe and used at most to balance the impulse in assaults; in Arnis the unarmed hand is alive and active.

In this work, Professor Maltese shows us the basic positions, defenses and fundamental attacks, guard exercises, blocking, crossing and counterattack in Redondo, the fifth, seventh, eighth and contras defenses, dynamic training and free combat exercises with protections. We will also see the bag training (blows, blockades and counterattacks) and a final chapter dedicated to Sword and Dagger, the Italian art in the Philippine Kali, executed with authentic weapons.

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More than a century ago, in our cities, men of different social classes still resorted to sword and saber duels to settle their disputes and in the streets one could meet thugs and muggers ready to use a knife. Times when it was common for a gentleman to leave the house with his cane, often animated, i.e. equipped with a hidden blade. Starting from the treatise of Master G. Martinelli (1908) "Trattato di scherma con bastone da passeggio" interpreted and integrated according to the methodology of the Nova masters Scrimia, Chiaramonte, Galvani, Girlanda and Proietti present a complete work on the use of the cane, which even today can be and valid extremely effective. For cane fencing, Martinelli draws inspiration from the Italian school of saber, with a classical approach, as well as boxing as a means of selfdefense: guard, strikes, parries, feints, spinning and circling steps, jumps, strong blows to the hand, arm, groin and terrifying jabs to the face. The stick placed in good hands is as good as a saber. Of course, it does not cut or pierce, it does not kill, but it brings to reason and, if necessary, brings even the fiercest offender to

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his knees.

All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo International, si provided and alone in the formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in VCD, DivX or the like is however neves offered with a special holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is characteristed coverings by the hig quality in pressure and material. If this DVD and/or the DVD covering do not corespond to the requirements specified above, it concerns illegal pirat copy.

ORDERS: Budo international.com

A Message from Avi Nardia Recent Events and Professional Direction Having recently returned from Israel following the October 7, 2023 Massacre attacks, the critical importance of professional security training and preparedness has never been more evident. These events reinforce our commitment to maintaining the highest standards in security education and combat readiness.

Professional Focus Statement In 2022, I made the decisive choice to concentrate exclusively on professional teams, moving away from recreational training. This decision reflects our dedication to maintaining the highest standards in security education and combat preparation.

Our Philosophy As Heraclitus wisely noted: "Out of every one hundred men, ten should not even be there, eighty are just targets, nine are the real fighters, and we are lucky to have them, for they make the battle. Ah, but the one, one is a warrior, and he will bring the others back."

This ancient wisdom resonates deeply with our mission. True understanding comes not from mere knowledge accumulation, but from dedicated practice and genuine comprehension.

From my letter explaining on 2022 I want to start this letter with few wise words by Heraclitus, which for thousands of years have been an inspiration to those who wanted to hear them.

• Much learning does not teach understanding.

• Knowledge is not intelligence.

• Those who love wisdom must investigate many things.

• Big results require big ambitions.

To a swordsman nothing is more important than honor and respect. Years in martial arts have taught me that the story of the noble 47 Ronin was not just a myth but rather a story of a road chosen by those who were committed to the way of the warriors. Between talk and actions there is a big gap and not many could “talk the talk and walk the walk”.

Nowadays in the era of social media everyone is allowed to “talk” and express his opinion, which many times is far from the “walk”. There are many quotes and phrases out there, which at the end of the day do not reflect the reality of those who stand behind them. The word Budo has never been so abused as it is today.

In my own experience after following many respectable teachers, building my name and myself and bringing honor and respect to Israeli Martial Arts I can say that a lot of people miss the real knowledge either due to their own ignorance and limitations or because they only want to adjust the history and knowledge to suit their own needs and interests.

After I met sensei Morio Higaonna and saw a demonstration of his martial art it became clear to me that his teaching was truly unique and that in order to really understand and learn martial arts I had to travel to Japan. My practice ranged from karate to judo, jujitsu, kendo and many other martial arts including shiatsu in order to better understand the mechanism of a human body. During those long years studying in Japan, I have seen many foreigners coming for a week to study the “samurai way” leaving Japan with an overwhelming and inflated feeling of being samurais incarnate. Some of them have stayed and studied and followed their teachers for many years. They have understood that teachers are the one who make the system and not vice versa, not the federations and especially not some business methods and plans.

You all know that nowadays many people call themselves Kapap teachers but just as a dog has four legs and a tail, so does a cat. If you call a cat a dog it doesn’t change the fact that it is still a cat.

In the light of the everything written above its was my decision to dismiss all my students and instructors that are not following the way that Inasked. Many of you have chosen a different road, many of you do not contribute to Avi Nardia Academy at all. So, find your own path and do whatever you want, some of you daydream and some of you got lost in your own dreams and act against my integrity as a teacher. This modern world has something to offer to everyone and you are all free birds to fly in whatever direction you want. At the same time, I am also a free eagle to fly away. My goal is to fly with the eagles and not with the chickens. I would rather have one proper student than many confused ones and the ones who are heading in the wrong direction.

As I respect each one of you and your right to explore different ways it is important to stress that I as a teacher have put all of you before my personal life and family and it is time to stop with this practice. This is why I want to set you all free and say “One person is ten thousand to me, if he is the best.”

As Heraclitus Said about Soldiers: “Out of every one hundred men, ten should not even be there, eighty are just targets, nine are the real fighters, and we are lucky to have them, for they make the battle. Ah, but the one, one is a warrior and he will bring the others back.”

Avi Nardia Security Consulting Core Services Strategic Security Solutions

- Executive and VIP Protection - Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Management - Global Security Program Development - Advanced Tactical Training - Counter-Terrorism Preparedness - Crisis Management and Response

Professional Training Programs Specialized instruction for: - Law Enforcement Organizations - Military Special Forces Units - SWAT and Tactical Teams - Corporate Security Departments - Private Security Companies

Combat and Tactical Expertise - Close Distance Combat (CDC) - Close Quarters Battle (CQB) - Advanced Firearms Operations - Tactical Integration - Use of Force and Legal Compliance

Integrated Defense Systems - Traditional and Modern Martial Arts Integration - Advanced Weapons Systems Training - Tactical Response Protocols - Combat Psychology and Stress Management

The Kensei Philosophy Our methodology embodies the Kensei ("sword saint") principle, integrating: - Technical Excellence - Tactical Decision Making - Ethical Leadership - Mental Resilience - Professional Development

Professional Standards - International Certification Programs - Comprehensive Documentation - Operational Analysis - Continuing Education

Our Commitment We maintain unwavering dedication to: - Professional Excellence - Ethical Practice - Practical Application - Continuous Improvement - Real-World Effectiveness

An Avi Nardia Security Consulting Enterprise Headquarters: United States & Serbia Headquarters

L'Okichitaw est un art martial indigène basé sur les méthodes de combat des guerriers des nations indiennes Assiniboine et Cri des Plaines. Dans cette compilation, le chef George J. Lépine nous initie à l'utilisation de trois des armes les plus redoutées des guerriers indiens : la massue Gunstock, le Tomahawk et le couteau. Le Gunstock Warclub était l'une des armes d'impact les plus puissantes, car en plus de frapper avec une force incroyable, il pouvait aussi couper ou poignarder. En raison de sa ressemblance avec un fusil, le Gunstock Warclub était également utilisé pour faire croire à l'ennemi qu'il était en possession d'armes à feu. Le Tomahawk de combat était l'une des armes les plus prisées des guerriers, un instrument que l'histoire a inscrit dans nos esprits comme étant agressif et impitoyable. Le chef Lépine explique en détail les concepts de base du Tomahawk, l'entraînement, le lancer, les 20 mouvements, les applications de défense et d'attaque, et les contre-techniques. Enfin, nous découvrirons la méthode traditionnelle d'entraînement au maniement du couteau « Mokiman », seul, en profitant de ce que la nature nous offre, les arbres, le sol, l'eau, ... afin de développer une mécanique corporelle optimale pour offrir le maximum d'impact à l'adversaire. Avec ce travail, Okichitaw continue d'honorer les traditions indigènes pour s'assurer non seulement que ces connaissances demeurent, mais aussi que nous continuons à nous déplacer de la même manière que nos ancêtres.

Ref.: • OKICHITAW-3

All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo International, si provided and alone in the formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in VCD, DivX or the like is however neves offered with a special holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is characteristed coverings by the hig quality in pressure and material. If this DVD and/or the DVD covering do not corespond to the requirements specified above, it concerns illegal pirat copy.

Grand Master Martin Sewer presents in this work a complete course of Bak Hok Pai, the style of the white crane. The crane is an elegant animal. With its white feathered robe, one moment it stands like a ruler, guarding its territory. The next moment, it flaps its wings and moves forward at lightning speed. Although everyone has a clear picture of this graceful creature in their mind, most find it difficult to imagine this great bird in a fight.

How does a crane actually fight when threatened? Like all animal styles, the crane style was created by studying the animal's strategies and tactics during a fight and transferring them to humans. This also gave rise to the five animal styles that have stood the test of time and are taught in my school today: Tiger, Crane, Snake, Leopard and Dragon. Mastering all these animal styles and the elements that go with them makes one a perfect human being, say the legends of Kung Fu, and it is naturally part of the philosophy of a true warrior to want to constantly improve and achieve perfection. Although the knowledge/skill of the five animals belongs to advanced levels, four of the mentioned styles are even accessible to beginners in the form of seminars. In them, eager students not only get a deeper insight into our Hung Gar, but also learn the first fighting techniques of the respective animal style, and the most common comment is: "I would not have thought that these techniques could be so efficient...!".

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All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo International, si provided and alone in the formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in VCD, DivX or the like is however neves offered with a special holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is characteristed coverings by the hig quality in pressure and material. If this DVD and/or the DVD covering do not corespond to the requirements specified above, it concerns illegal pirat copy.

ORDERS: Budo international.com

Weapons in action “In the midst of the operation, where the tension is tangible and every decision can mean life or death, one truth becomes indisputably clear: it is not the weapons themselves that pose the greatest danger, but the people behind them. Their professionalism, their ability to act and, above all, their willingness to take responsibility are of immeasurable importance. The conscious handling of these instruments of power thus becomes a fundamental art that goes beyond mere survival and is capable of shaping the destiny of entire worlds."

“In situations where seconds can mean the difference between life and death, one truth becomes unmistakably clear: It is not the weapons that pose the greatest danger, but the people who use them. Their professionalism, their judgment, and their willingness to take responsibility make the crucial difference.”

Weapons in use: Responsibility and precision “In the heated moments of an operation, when every second counts and every decision can mean the difference between life and death, one truth becomes clear: it is not the weapons that pose the greatest threat, but the people who use them. Their professionalism, judgment and, above all, their willingness to take responsibility are of the utmost importance. The conscious and responsible handling of these powerful tools becomes an indispensable skill that goes far beyond mere survival and can determine the fate of entire situations and even communities.”

Weapons as tools: More than just instruments of violence Weapons such as pistols, batons or stun guns are not mere instruments of violence, but tools that require precision and caution.

Their primary function is to protect life and maintain public order. Ensuring this requires more than technical skill – it requires a deep ethical awareness. In the hands of a welltrained professional, a weapon can help prevent escalation and de-escalate dangerous situations. But without the right training or if used improperly, it can quickly become a danger with unpredictable consequences.

A special responsibility also lies with the instructors who are responsible for training the security forces. They are the source that ensures knowledge is passed on accurately and effectively. The success of the training depends on their ability to not only teach technical skills but also instill the right sense of responsibility. Their job is to ensure that every person who carries a weapon understands the difference between control and power.

Training and preparation: more than technique The correct use of weapons requires much more than just technical knowledge. It is about keeping a clear head even in the most hectic moments and developing the ability to make the right decision in a matter of seconds. Therefore, comprehensive and regular training is essential. This training goes beyond the practical use of the weapon and also includes an understanding of the legal and moral framework in which it may be used.

A crucial factor here is control over one's own emotions. Those who can keep calm in stressful situations have the best chance of avoiding escalation and defusing the situation. Without this ability, even the best technical training is useless. It is about correctly assessing the threat, examining alternatives and only considering the use of the weapon when all other means have failed. Self-control is key here – without it, the weapon becomes a risky solution instead of a safe tool.

Power and responsibility: A balancing act Power and responsibility are two terms that are often misunderstood or confused. A weapon confers power, but with that power comes a great responsibility. A security officer must understand the legal aspects of the use of force in detail and always act in accordance with the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. It is about mastering a balancing act – between the need to ensure security and respect for the rights of others.

The use of a weapon must never be a sign of strength or aggression, but must always aim to protect lives and minimize danger. A well-trained and responsible person understands that the use of force is only justified as a last resort and taking into account all the circumstances. The true strength of a professional is not seen in quickly reaching for a weapon, but in the ability to control a situation so that it does not escalate in the first place.

The future of security: responsibility as a foundation In an environment where conflicts can escalate rapidly, the conscious handling of weapons is an indispensable part of the training of security forces. It is not just about technical skills, but also about the ability to choose the right level of force in every situation – or, in the best case, to avoid it altogether.

The future of security will depend on a culture of responsible action, in which weapons are seen as tools of protection, not symbols of power. This goal can only be achieved through sound training and a deep understanding of the ethical and legal dimensions of the use of weapons. This ensures that security forces are not only willing to carry out their duties, but also do so with the necessary prudence and integrity.

Conclusion: Weapons as a means of protection, not violence “It is not the weapon that decides, but the hand and the mind that guides it.” This statement captures the essence of responsible use of weapons. A weapon is ultimately only a tool – whether it offers protection or causes harm depends on the knowledge, training and inner attitude of the person wielding it. The mind must control the tool, not the other way around. If this is not the case, it indicates inadequate training or a lack of emotional control. Relying on the weapon as the only solution is the wrong approach. The motto is: “My weapon is my mind, my firearm is just a tool.”

Commando Krav Maga

Commando Krav Maga

Commando Krav Maga

(

Reflections on the Haragei ( ) on Battōjutsu (

): Me-komi Seido )

“The wise can discover the world without crossing its threshold. He sees without looking, realizes without acting.”

– Laozi

The phrase by Laozi (also known as Lao Zi , Lao-Tzu or Lao-Tze), the legendary author of the Tao Te Ching, encapsulates the spirit of the Taoist concept of wu wei - effortless action, in perfect harmony with the natural flow of the universe. This principle, which values efficiency and the absence of resistance, finds a fascinating correspondence in the teachings of Me-komi Seido and Haragei, practices that explore internal balance and total awareness as pillars for technical and martial effectiveness.

In the context of Japanese martial arts, (Haragei) represents an indepth study of the mastery of bioenergy, based on the concept of ki (vital energy). This practice is based on conscious breathing and harmonious interaction with the natural elements - air, water, fire and earth. The quality of the ki emanating from each movement is intrinsically linked to the control of inhalation and exhalation, making breathing an essential tool for technical mastery.

Reflections on the Haragei (

): Me-komi Seido (

) on Battōjutsu (

)

During one class, Shidoshi Jordan Augusto explored the practical application of Haragei no Battōjutsu ( ), highlighting its relevance in the search for the ideal combination of speed and precision when handling the sword. He emphasized the importance of maintaining the balance of the body center during fast cuts, an essential element for preserving technical efficiency even in situations of high physical and mental demand. In Battōjutsu, fluidity and impact are intertwined, with precision and speed being fundamental to technical excellence.

However, as movements become faster, it is common for fine motor coordination to be compromised, resulting in a loss of precision. This natural challenge requires a solution that goes beyond physical strength and muscle control - it demands mastery of internal energy. At this point, Haragei offers a unique approach that integrates breathing, concentration and the flow of ki to counteract this tendency and ensure stability in movement.

By aligning body movement with the internal flow of energy, the practitioner is able to preserve both the direction and strength of the cut, even under adverse conditions. The practice of Haragei teaches that conscious breathing and control of the energy center located in the Hara not only stabilize the body, but also connect mind and sword, promoting precise and impactful technical execution.

More than a technique, Haragei and Me-komi Seido - translated as “filling the eyes with precision” - offer a philosophy. The practice goes beyond the physical, allowing the practitioner to transcend natural limitations and reach a higher level of fluidity and stability. Just as the Laozi sage acts effortlessly, the Haragei practitioner transforms challenge into opportunity, uniting intention and action in a harmonious and effective expression.

The Depth of (Me-komi Seido): Between the Abstract and the Concrete One of the most fascinating aspects explored in class was the study of the techniques known as (Me-komi Seido), translated as “filling the eyes with precision”. This practice combines mindfulness of the present moment with activation of the Hara - the energy center located in the abdominal region. By contracting or relaxing the Hara, synchronized with controlled breathing, the practitioner adjusts their technique almost intuitively, achieving a high degree of technical refinement and concentration.

“In the context of Japanese martial arts, (Haragei) represents an indepth study of the mastery of bioenergy, founded on the concept of ki (vital energy).”

Me-komi Seido reflects an essential truth: total attention to the present moment is the key to technical excellence. This methodology, when combined with the control of the Hara, creates an intrinsic connection between intention and action, between the abstract and the concrete. When the practitioner synchronizes the contraction of the Hara with deep, rhythmic breathing, he adjusts his technique instinctively, achieving maximum precision in the cut.

This technique is not limited to practical execution, but transcends the technical field, establishing a philosophical bridge between the abstract and the concrete. On an abstract level, Me-komi Seido represents the precise and anticipated visualization of the movement before its execution.

It is in this mental space that the practitioner imagines not only the cut, but feels, in detail, the path of the blade, the desired impact and the energy needed to make it.

The abstract, in this context, encompasses: 1. The idea or mental plan: Before making the cut, the practitioner mentally constructs the ideal movement. Not only does he see the target, but he conceives the trajectory of the blade, the force, the balance and even the end result. This visualization stage is purely abstract, as it has not yet been physically realized.

2. The connection with the invisible: Abstraction includes intangible elements such as energy, intention and internal balance. These aspects, although not visible or measurable, are crucial to the perfect execution of the movement.

Me-komi Seido also finds its expression on a concrete level, when inner visualization is transformed into action. The contraction of the Hara, synchronized with breathing and the movement of the body, gives form to the intention. At that moment, the abstract materializes: the cut ceases to be just an idea and becomes a precise execution, with impact and direction perfectly aligned with the practitioner's internal energy. This integration between mind, body and sword reflects the harmony between what is conceived and what is realized.

The concrete aspect of Me-komi Seido emerges the moment abstraction is transformed into physical action, which manifests itself in various ways: 1. The technical execution: The cut, the impact of the blade and the body posture represent the material realization of what has been mentally constructed on the abstract level.

2. Observable precision: Unlike visualization, on the concrete level precision can be measured - the trajectory of the blade, the angle of the cut and the effect on the target are physical evidence of the movement performed.

3. Body-target alignment: The synchronization between the contraction of the Hara, motor coordination and breathing gives shape to the concept, transforming intention into reality.

Thus, the abstract plane in Me-komi Seido is the foundation on which the practitioner prepares mentally, projecting the perfection of the movement. This foundation is realized at the moment of action, when the body, breath and energy converge to transform intention into reality.

This interaction between the abstract and the concrete symbolizes the essence of Me-komi Seido: the perfect balance between imagining and acting, between anticipating and realizing, between mentally planning and executing with absolute precision.

Therefore, Me-komi Seido is not just a martial technique, but also a practical lesson on how to integrate the abstract and the concrete to achieve excellence. It reminds us that true technical mastery is achieved when intention and action become one, in perfect harmony. This transition process, which connects the abstract (idea, intention, visualization) to the concrete (execution, action, impact), dialogues with principles from various philosophical traditions: - In Aristotle's philosophy, the concept of potency (dynamis) and act (energeia) clearly applies. The visualization of the cut corresponds to the potency, the potential for action; the movement carried out is the act, the realization of this potentiality.

- In phenomenology, Me-komi Seido exemplifies how consciousness (abstract) guides and shapes action in the physical world (concrete), highlighting the interdependence between perception and reality.

- In Zen Buddhism, it reflects the idea of “present mind” (shoshin), where the practitioner is completely immersed in the moment. Here, the abstract and the concrete flow harmoniously, and the perfect cut transcends technique, becoming an expression of mental clarity and absolute focus.

The Harmony of Me-komi Seido: Philosophy and Practice in Battōjutsu Me-komi Seido reflects the philosophical idea that every action in the physical world is born on the mental plane. It teaches us that by aligning intention and execution, we can achieve results fluidly and efficiently. This principle echoes the spirit of (Haragei), where mastery of breathing and ki transforms simple movements into manifestations of precision, balance and self-knowledge.

This alignment, however, is not just mechanical. It is a broader integration in which ki flows freely, allowing the practitioner to respond to movement naturally, without tension or rigidity.

Shidoshi Jordan Augusto emphasized that, in Battōjutsu, the impact of an effective blow does not depend on brute force, but on the ability to transfer energy in a controlled way. This is where Haragei becomes essential, providing a means to channel energy precisely.

A particularly relevant aspect is maintaining the direction of the cut at high speed. In Battōjutsu, speed often destabilizes the practitioner, leading to imprecise or misdirected movements. However, when breathing and Hara control are integrated, speed ceases to be an obstacle and becomes a component to be mastered. This integration allows the practitioner to maintain focus on the trajectory of the cut, ensuring that the impact is intentional, precise and charged with energy.

Me-komi Seido transcends its literal translation as “filling the eyes with precision”. It represents the ability to completely direct focus, intention and perception towards the goal. Even before the cut is made, the practitioner visualizes every detail: the path of the blade, the energy required and the final impact. This “filling the eyes” is an act of anticipation, where mind and body align to make the movement inevitable and precise.

However, the technique goes beyond visual perception. It is supported by the Hara - the energy center located in the abdomen - and by controlled breathing. When the Hara is contracted at the right moment and the breath synchronizes with the movement, the body stabilizes, creating a solid foundation for the technique. This union of breathing, visual focus and internal control transforms the act of cutting with a sword into the ultimate expression of precision and impact.

Me-komi Seido: The challenge of instability and oscillation However, even with a solid foundation provided by the Hara and breathing, the practitioner faces the challenges of instability and oscillation. Far from being obstacles, these elements are inherent to both movement and life itself. In Me-komi Seido, instability is a constant invitation to adjust, while oscillation is seen as a dynamic rhythm that connects the practitioner to the environment. Embracing these challenges is what allows the martial artist to achieve harmony between technique, energy and intention.

Instability is a natural characteristic during the execution of Battōjutsu cuts, whether due to dynamic body movements, changes in posture or interaction with external forces. The role of Me-komi Seido in this context is fundamental: it teaches the practitioner to recognize these variations not as flaws, but as opportunities to improve their technique.

By concentrating on the Hara and synchronizing breathing and movement, the practitioner learns to absorb and respond to unstable forces in a fluid way, transforming instability into a tool for adaptation and resilience.

Oscillation, in turn, represents the natural flow of energy between moments of tension and relaxation. This essential component of the art is addressed by Me-komi Seido, which teaches practitioners how to navigate these fluctuations and use them to their advantage. With the Hara and breathing aligned, oscillation is no longer seen as a factor of lack of control; on the contrary, it becomes an integrated part of the movement, bringing fluidity and naturalness to the cut.

Me-komi Seido also goes beyond the technique itself. It teaches the practitioner not just to “see” the target, but to feel the movement before executing it. It's about being completely present, experiencing the cut mentally and energetically before it occurs physically. This practice requires constant training and discipline, but over time it develops the ability to act clearly and efficiently, both in the dojo and in other aspects of life.

In essence, the practice of Me-komi Seido does not seek to eliminate instability or oscillation, but to integrate them into the technique. This dynamic balance reflects the essence of (Haragei): the ability to remain centered in a world of constant change and challenge. When mind, body and breath are in harmony, the practitioner not only masters the cut, but also transforms instability and oscillation into elements that elevate their technical mastery and internal balance.

In the class led by Shidoshi Jordan Augusto, it became clear how Battōjutsu, when combined with Haragei, transcends simple technical execution. Controlled breathing, the precise movement of the Hara and mental focus create a synergy that not only enhances performance, but also connects the practitioner to the deeper spirit of the martial art.

This approach highlights the essence of Battōjutsu as a discipline that unites mind, body and vital energy. By exploring Haragei as a tool for mastering speed and precision, Shidoshi Jordan Augusto has demonstrated that the true power of Battōjutsu lies not only in the ability to cut effectively, but in the ability to transform each movement into an expression of balance, internal control and harmony between the concrete and the abstract.

© 2024, Franco Vacirca, Pictures by Flavio Rüdy, Maurice Wollny

GANDIA SUMMER CAMP 2024 | Developing Attributes over Skills!

Unleashing the Power Within!

What are the essential attributes that can transform an ordinary fighter into an extraordinary one? As I prepared the training program for our third annual Gandia Jiu-Jitsu Camp, I found myself repeatedly pondering one of the fundamental questions that arises in such circumstances. The organization of various training camps throughout the year has constituted one of the primary objectives of my Gracie Concepts® network (est. 1996) in recent years, with the aim of promoting martial arts and combat sports.

The initiative commenced in Gandia; a picturesque coastal municipality situated in proximity to the city of Valencia in Spain. My objective was to create a program that would facilitate in-depth exploration of the domains of strength, agility, endurance, flexibility, and mental fortitude. I was motivated to gain insight into the fundamental principles that would enable me to become a formidable presence in the realm of martial arts and combat sports.

For the third consecutive year, the Gandia Jiu-Jitsu Camp was the focal point of the martial arts and combat sports community. Participants from Switzerland and Germany convened to engage in collective training and knowledge exchange. In the months preceding the camp, the organizers collaborated with the trainers to ensure the camp would have an exceptional team of trainers and a comprehensive program to meet the needs of participants at all levels.

It is a challenging task to create a program that will consistently meet the diverse needs of participants with varying skill levels. However, this has been the organizers' objective since the inception of the camp. They are confident that they have succeeded in meeting this goal once again this year.

Developing Attributes over Skills!

The location of a training camp is of little consequence if the trainers and the program do not meet the requisite standards. In such cases, the camp will ultimately be a failure. To achieve the aforementioned high standards, I invited two of the trainers, who had participated in the previous year's program, to participate once again. These trainers were Daniel Bachofen, who possesses a thirddegree black belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu and has been engaged in training with me since 1992, and Grigori Winizki, who holds a black belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu (under me) and in Luta-Livre and Shooto under Professor Peter Angerer, founder of the German Top Team. Furthermore, this year I extended an invitation to Maurice “Mo” Wollny, a my GJJ black belt and the owner/head coach of the Panda Gym in Berlin.

The program comprised two group lessons daily for a period of six days. My objective for this year was to advance beyond the introduction of new techniques and to revisit those with which I was already familiar. The emphasis was on the development of attributes, with the objective of ensuring optimal functionality.

Martial arts training can be divided into two distinct components: the development of attributes and the development of skills. One might be forgiven for assuming that the development of attributes is a subject that has only gained prominence in recent times. However, this is not the case. The term “attributes” encompasses physical qualities such as flexibility, strength, and endurance.

Skills encompass learned motor movements, including striking, joint locks, chokes, and other defensive or offensive maneuvers. It is imperative not to underestimate the importance of both skill development and attribute development.

I prefer to integrate both training components, despite recognizing the option of separating them and focusing on either attributes or skills. During the initial stages of martial arts training, skills training may be sufficient to develop a diverse range of attributes, including flexibility, strength, coordination, reflexes, and endurance. As training progresses and physical conditioning improves, it may become necessary to develop certain attributes independently of skill training through dedicated conditioning exercises.

What’s the Difference and Why it Matters!

About performance, skills provide the knowledge of what to do, whereas attributes offer insight into how one behaves, particularly in circumstances of stress and uncertainty. When confronted with a situation characterized by stress, pressure, and uncertainty, it can be challenging to determine the appropriate course of action. I am confident that you have also experienced a degree of this phenomenon in the aftermath of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus or have observed it in those close to you. A considerable number of individuals globally continue to experience uncertainty, challenges in returning to normalcy, and stress in the aftermath of the pandemic. In such moments, it is our attributes, rather than our skills, that we rely upon.

Regarding performance, skills do not provide a comprehensive account; they merely indicate the action to be taken. Attributes are intrinsic to one's nature; they are innate. The distinction between individuals lies in the extent to which they possess these attributes. An individual may exhibit a high degree of courage but lack the requisite discipline, whereas another may possess the opposite combination of attributes. These varying levels of attributes inform, rather than dictate, our behavioral responses. An understanding of one's position on the spectrum of each attribute enables the prediction of one's behavior in each situation.

The Leaders’ Attributes for Everyone!

I frequently facilitate team-building events and frequently hear from leaders about the importance of assembling a high-performing team, or a “dream team”. The leaders in question typically discuss the importance of identifying the most suitable individuals for each role, whether that be the most effective salesperson, the most adept marketer, or the most talented graphic designer. However, these leaders frequently report that while these so-called “dream teams” functioned well when circumstances were favorable, they often became toxic when faced with challenges or unexpected developments. The question thus arises as to why this occurs. The team was constructed on the foundation of skills, not attributes.

It is relatively straightforward to construct a team based on the individual skills of its members. Skills can be quantified and evaluated through objective measurement, documentation, and scoring. The data concerning an individual's proficiency in each area can be readily discerned. The issue with establishing a “dream team” based on skills alone is that it fails to account for how the individuals on the team will perform when confronted with unexpected challenges, stressful situations, or ambiguous circumstances.

Martial arts training, and in particular Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Thai boxing, provides an opportunity to engage in high-performance training with one's training partners in a controlled environment. This allows for the observation of the true feelings associated with success and failure in a safe setting. Additionally, these experiences are beneficial in understanding how to adapt and respond effectively in challenging situations. Such experiences are based on attributes in addition to skills, and they are not easily attained.

Reaching a high level and positive experience requires time and patience.

The Physical Attribute for Self Defense!

There are numerous physical attributes that facilitate martial arts training and selfdefense skills. These include, but are not limited to, strength, power, explosiveness, endurance, coordination, sensitivity, speed, and flexibility.

There are numerous combatants who construct their strategy around a select few exceptional attributes. However, if one were to select a single attribute to prioritize, which would be the most advantageous? In the context of modern mixed martial arts, there is a diverse range of fighters who employ varying techniques to utilize their attributes and achieve success. Such occurrences are also observed in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai competitions.

It is my contention that endurance represents one of the most valuable attributes. If an individual is experiencing fatigue, they will be unable to exert their full potential in terms of strength, speed, and technique, which are essential for achieving victory. Endurance is the most critical attribute to possess when confronted with a life-threatening self-defense scenario. In training, practitioners are accustomed to focusing on control breathing. Such training ensures that the individual can utilize their cognitive abilities, proper techniques, and attributes even when fatigued.

To assess one's endurance, it is recommended to engage in fundamental knife defense drills. Consider the scenario in which you are attacked by an assailant proficient in knife-handling techniques. Regardless of whether the technique being employed is correct or incorrect, the practitioner will immediately perceive a change in their own state. The objective is to learn how to evade an attack by an opponent using a weapon such as a knife. This will provide an understanding of the pressure experienced in such a situation and the intensity of the situation itself.

So What’s the Best kind of Cardio?

Thai boxers tend to engage in running as a form of exercise. Conversely, practitioners of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu frequently combine their training with swimming and surfing. For those with joint issues that limit their ability to run, there are alternative forms of exercise that can be undertaken. Steady, uninterrupted mountain hiking is an effective method for enhancing endurance. It is imperative to be fully informed about the route and prevailing meteorological conditions. It is recommended that, whenever feasible, one should utilize stairs in lieu of an elevator. Furthermore, it is advised that one should consider alternative transportation options, such as bicycles or public transportation, in lieu of personal vehicles.

It is also suggested that one should consider walking a few stops beyond their destination and returning home on foot.

Other potential alternatives include stair-masters, rowing machines, stationary bikes, and swimming. Indeed, that is my preferred option.

Proper training in flexibility and cardiovascular endurance effectively translates into improved performance in martial arts, both in standing and on the ground. Such improvements will be apparent to one's sparring partners. One may not necessarily be stronger, as would be the case with a power lifter, but fatigue is less likely to occur. Furthermore, opponents will be fatigued, which will enhance the perception of one's own performance.

Training at a camp such as the one held in Valencia during the summer months is an environment in which participants are wholly focused on the act of training. The region offers a plethora of natural amenities, including pristine beaches, wellmaintained running routes, secure cycling trails, and a temperate climate. Moreover, participants will engage in skills and attribute training in a secure setting with esteemed colleagues for a minimum of several hours. Such factors contribute to the popularity of the location. Upon returning home from the Tatame, your training partners will observe and perceive a notable difference in your abilities, which will positively influence their motivation to train with you again.

Attributes-based Self-defense and Combat sports Lessons!

Skills do not provide a comprehensive understanding of oneself or one's opponent. At our training facility, we have been concentrating on the distinction between skills and attributes, which represents the initial phase in optimizing performance, particularly when one is subjected to pressure, stress, anxiety, and uncertainty. To gain insight into one's own performance, it is essential to focus on attributes rather than skills.

Perhaps I have already discussed this in my previous writing, but I will reiterate the point for the sake of clarity: “Attributes serve as the foundational elements that facilitate the effective execution of techniques. In the absence of the requisite attributes, a martial artist (fighter) will be unable to effectively utilize a technique.”

In my Muay Thai (striking) classes, I elucidate this concept as follows: let us consider the “jab” as an exemplar. The jab is a relatively simple technique that can be easily replicated by any individual from the outset. The jab is executed by extending the lead fist in a direct trajectory until the arm is nearly fully extended. However, it is not clear whether all practitioners are able to replicate this technique in a real Thai boxing match. It is not possible to contact an opponent without accuracy, speed, and timing. Furthermore, the absence of power renders the technique incapable of inflicting damage.

As the late Bruce Lee observed, “I am not concerned with the individual who has practiced 10’000 kicks on a single occasion.

However, I am wary of the individual who has dedicated 10’000 repetitions to a single kick.”

If attributes are of greater value than skills, should a practitioner therefore limit their practice to a small number of techniques? I believe this is not the case. It is essential to engage in exploration as a fundamental aspect of any research and development endeavor. It is imperative to investigate and compare. It bears mentioning once more that Bruce Lee, in his own words, asserted that there should be a “daily decrease, not a daily increase.” However, the reduction in the number of techniques one employs must occur organically and not through forced limitations.

It is my contention that martial artists and athletes alike must possess a harmonious blend of seven essential attributes to excel in their respective fields: strength, speed, power, agility, flexibility, stability, and endurance. These attributes have been incorporated into focused training programs designed to enhance them:

1. The term “strength” is used to describe the ability to exert force against an object or opponent. A capacity for strength is a prerequisite for any fighter who wishes to succeed. This attribute is fundamental to the development of other athletic qualities, particularly power and speed. Additionally, it serves to reduce fatigue and mitigate the risk of injury. It is essential to establish a robust foundation of knowledge, abilities, and repeatable procedures upon which the other attributes will be built. In the absence of adequate strength, one's techniques may prove insufficient to achieve the desired outcome. The development and preservation of strength is an ongoing endeavor that necessitates dedication and self-control.

2. The capacity to move with great velocity is a fundamental aspect of any martial art.

Nevertheless, the acquisition of speed necessitates a certain investment of time. In the absence of perfected skills, the introduction of speed will merely serve to render them ineffective. To achieve success in the use of speed, it is essential to correctly employ timing. Additionally, it is essential to ensure that movements are brief and direct.

3. The relationship between power and strength is a direct one. However, whereas strength is defined as the maximum force that an individual can exert, power is the ability to generate that force in a rapid manner. The methodology employed is designated as “justified power”. It is not only necessary to justify a counterattack in self-defense, but it is also essential to control power to prevent an excessive acceleration that could result in missing the intended target.

4. Agility is closely associated with power. In the context of martial arts, agility is often defined as the ability to swiftly halt, initiate motion, and alter direction. In the context of martial arts, practitioners are frequently required to respond promptly and effectively to novel circumstances, and even to pursue alternative routes to achieve their objective.

Furthermore, this must be accomplished without compromising the vigor and intensity that are characteristic of a competitive encounter. The objective is to conserve energy and accomplish the mission, which represents the culmination of the endeavor. The development of agility necessitates a synthesis of coordination, balance, and flexibility.

5. Flexibility is defined as the ability to move the body in a range of ways, including both linear and rotational movements. The subsequent attribute offers a more expansive range of movements. It provides a greater range of options for gameplay. Similarly, flexibility is a crucial element in the development of agility. Regular stretching and mobility exercises enhance joint range of motion, thereby reducing the risk of injury and facilitating fluid movement.

6. Mental and physical mentality stability – control of your mind and body, that is what we learn in martial arts. To be stable even if enormous pressure is coming against you; must people start to panic, overreact and fail their mission. Great martial artists and combat sports athlete know how to remain calm and stay focused to end up with the best possible outcome.

7. Endurance separates the champions from the defeated. Combat sports demand exceptional cardiovascular fitness and muscular endurance to endure grueling battles. To achieve the max in endurance you must invest time and effort in improving your skills: if you don’t sharpen the saw, you will waste energy on a blunt blade. It is the ability to maintain a high level of performance over an extended period.

Mastering the Battle Within!

While physical attributes are undoubtedly a prerequisite for success in martial arts training and combat sports, it is the mind that represents the ultimate weapon. Mental fortitude is defined as the capacity to maintain focus, determination, and composure in the face of pressure. The development of mental strength allows for the ability to make rapid decisions, adapt to changing circumstances, and overcome adversity. It is of the utmost importance to be adequately prepared. One should envisage oneself succeeding in combat and rehearse a variety of scenarios. This practice has been demonstrated to enhance mental clarity, confidence, and to reduce anxiety before a fight.

It is also advisable to learn some straightforward meditation techniques. For optimal results, it is recommended that meditation be integrated into one's lifestyle, rather than solely utilized as a combat preparation tool. Meditation techniques have been demonstrated to promote mental clarity, improve concentration, and enhance overall well-being.

Get to Know yourself – get to Know your Attributes!

It may be surprising to learn that participation in one of our training camps can also facilitate the development of effective team leadership skills. In addition to acquiring knowledge about the unique aspects of team leadership, individuals can gain insights into how to navigate the challenges of leading a team effectively. Attaining the status of a great team leader is a challenging endeavor. In the contemporary era, this distinctive attribute can be leveraged not only within the context of a martial arts gym or team but also in professional and domestic settings.

The membership of any martial arts gym or combat sport team is likely to comprise individuals with a variety of personalities. There are individuals who are highly motivated, those who serve as jokers, those who are serious, and those who require motivation. It is evident that each member of a team occupies a specific role. However, it is often observed that the role of the team leader assumes a significant position within the team dynamic. Indeed, the leader is inclined to motivate, encourage, and support others, even when they are not the designated leader. Such occurrences are often spontaneous and unintentional.

The training will provide insight into the significance of team leaders and equip participants with additional tools to enhance their potential as students and leaders: 1. A positive mindset is a cognitive orientation that is characterized by the affirmation of desirable thoughts and beliefs about oneself, one's circumstances, and the future. Those in leadership positions are expected to always maintain a positive outlook. In both victory and defeat, exemplary team leaders (e.g., gym owners, head coaches) demonstrate an ability to identify positive aspects in any given situation.

2. It is important to acknowledge mistakes to facilitate learning and growth. An exemplary team leader does not assign blame to others; rather, he or she engages in constructive dialogue to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies for future success. Mistakes are an inherent aspect of the leadership process and acknowledging them and expressing remorse is an integral part of the leadership role.

3. The necessity of continual improvement is paramount. Those in leadership roles must be proactive and avoid letting themselves or their teams down. Those in leadership roles are adept at surmounting obstacles. They are perpetually engaged in efforts to enhance their abilities in a multitude of ways.

4. It is imperative that leaders maintain a high level of motivation. Those in leadership roles can maintain motivation. They maintain a clear and unwavering focus on their objectives, consistently striving to surpass their own expectations.

They are consistently available to provide motivation and encouragement to others, facilitating their optimal performance.

5. The presence of cheerful leaders has been linked to several positive outcomes. Their smile is an integral aspect of their charisma, which renders them indispensable to us. Notwithstanding the competitive spirit that pervades the leadership landscape, these individuals possess an inherent capacity to find joy and enjoyment in their endeavors, which contributes to their overall positive disposition. It is, therefore, reasonable to conclude that sports, and martial arts in particular, should always be experienced with a sense of enjoyment.

6. Leaders are adept at active listening and possess the ability to foster unity within a group. They are accessible to their team members both on and off the field. One can always rely on them to listen attentively when one seeks their counsel.

7. Leaders are receptive to feedback and constructive criticism. One learns from mistakes to facilitate future progress. It is recommended that constructive feedback be employed with the intention of facilitating self-improvement and the enhancement of one's abilities.

8. Leaders do not exclude any individual from participation or consideration. It is imperative that leaders do not allow anyone to be left behind. An effective leader will consistently strive to foster a sense of acceptance and inclusivity among their team members. It is in unity that strength is found, and this is a concept that those engaged in the field of sports are acutely aware of.

Deep Cultural Roots – provides Great Fundament!

It is my preference to invite additional martial arts experts to participate in our training camp whenever feasible. It is preferable, though not exclusively, to engage with practitioners of more “traditional” martial arts to gain insight into alternative training methodologies. In fact, it is an effective method for disseminating diverse cultural and philosophical traditions. For example, the practices of martial arts such as Jiu-Jitsu, Karate, and Aikido are significantly influenced by Bushido, the Samurai code, which places great emphasis on honor, discipline, and moral integrity.

Although martial arts do encompass combat techniques, their principal objective is frequently the protection of the individual. The Gracie Concepts® approach teaches practitioners to apply force in a judicious and ethical manner, ensuring that any use of force is justified and in accordance with the principles of restraint and responsibility. This aspect of martial arts underscores a commitment to restraint, responsibility, and the use of skills for protection rather than unwarranted aggression.

Many martial arts traditions retain traditional elements such as “Kata” in Karate or forms in Kung Fu. These are sequences of movements that are practiced both for their technical merit and their historical significance. While combat sports and martial arts share certain similarities, they are primarily distinguished by their focus on competition. These disciplines, including Boxing, Muay Thai, Judo, and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (when practiced as sports), are structured around competitive events that adhere to a set of defined rules.

The realms of martial arts and combat sports, despite their distinct core philosophies, frequently exhibit a convergence of principles. This convergence is exemplified in disciplines like Muay Thai, which originated as a martial art and has subsequently evolved into a popular combat sport.

In conclusion, regardless of whether one's inclination is towards the philosophical depths of martial arts or the competitive rush of combat sports, both paths offer unique and rewarding experiences. These activities cater to different aspects of the human spirit, namely the quest for inner growth and the drive to excel in the face of competition.

Keep it Real! www.graciejiujitsu.eu

Learn to fight with the Combat Muay Boran Form.

In Siamese armed or unarmed martial arts, the thai word rairam that usually means to dance has a deeper meaning. In fact, this word refers to a sequence of prearranged offensive and defensive movements that a martial artist executes solo or with a partner. This practice is of paramount importance for a practitioner who wants to reach the core of the martial art of his choice. The essence of oriental fighting systems are often embedded into prearranged sets: however, the vital information that the creator of a sequence includes in its work is always encrypted and without possessing the key, the secrets of a form will remain concealed for the average martial artist.

In order to better understand the concept of prearranged fighting sets, the first element to be clarified is the reason why forms are created by knowledgeable martial arts masters. According to Muay Thai master Chaisawat Tienviboon martial dancing exists in the fighting arts of every nation: the main reason for this is the need to preserve combat strategies, tactics and techniques for future generations of practitioners.

Every Master considers the combat principles he has learned and tested something very precious, worth of being preserved and kept secret until he meets the right students that could inherit his art. For this reason, the various offensive and defensive maneuvers are coherently organised in a set of movements that can be rehearsed over and over again. All trainee can experiment on their own thus developing the right body mechanics connected to their fighting system.

However, only the master who created the sequence will hold the key to fully understand the combative principles hidden in his form: the various applications of each position of the martial dance, without his explanations, will have no fighting meaning and the Rai Ram will be just that, a beautiful dance. Some students will simply have no patience and, without understanding the high value of forms training, will discard this practice as being useless for combat. This is a big mistake since a daily practice of fighting sequences bring a tangible enhancement of a martial artist’s technical and physical attributes.

Solo forms training and the practice of combat applications with a partner are two sides of the same coin. Solo training builds the correct body mechanics needed to execute each step, parry, dodge, single attack or combination with speed, grace, force, balance, coordination. Partner training is vital to develop a sense of distance from the opponent and a good timing, both crucial attributes to apply the techniques included in the form. The sparring partner can also wear mitts and other protective equipment in order to allow the executor to unleash his full power on the target: impact training is the best way to enhance the force of all the attacking techniques that are included in a given form.

Combat Muay Boran form.

The sequence is composed of 81 movements, each one with more than a single “combative meaning”. The fighting techniques (postures) included in this set belong to Chern Muay style: in fact, they stress the aggressive use of the nine body weapons (Nawarthawoot) to punch, kick, knee, elbow, head-butt, throw, overlay, catch, break.

Moreover, the basics of all the traditional defensive systems are included in the form.

Many of the fighting principles included in this form come from the three main regional styles of Muay: Korat, Lopburi, Chaiya. The techniques trained and emphasized by each style reflect the essence of that style: the Combat Muay Boran martial system is based on realistic, practical, powerful applications of the ancient Siamese combat strategies.

Some of the technical features of the Combat Muay Boran sequence are as follows.

Combinations of strikes. Several combinations of strikes executed with the same weapon or with different body weapons are included. The concept of striking combinations is fundamental in Combat Muay Boran: in fact, the best way to successfully reach an opponent’s weak spots is by combinations of strikes (Phasom Muay). The way strikes are combined makes the difference between an expert fighter and a novice: the best fighters deliver blows in series, strikes are linked in a natural manner, flowing smoothly one after the other. This form teaches the trainee to “think in combinations” instead of getting into the habit of throwing one strike and then wait and see what happens.

Defense against multiple attacks.

Also the ability to block and counter multiple attacks is considered vital in order to develop realistic combative instincts. The first attack may be the beginning of a series of two or more blows. Being formatted to care about the first stroke only can lead to dangerous habits. Far from being a stylized sequence of non-sense gestures this form prepares those who train it seriously for the harsh reality of combat, creating sound combative reflexes.

Grappling techniques. Muay Thai is the art of attacking and defending with the use of nine body weapons (hands, legs, knees, elbows and head).

However, a part of the ancient art of thai grappling (Muay Pram) has always being included in every thai boxer’s arsenal. Ancient Muay (Muay Boran) was rich in holding, throwing and joint locking techniques: the Combat Muay Boran form includes some of those powerful maneuvers. By working this form, multi-skilled fighters will be created, midway between pure strikers and pure grapplers.

How to train the Combat Muay Boran form.

Step 1: memorize the correct sequence.

Hundreds of slow executions of the entire form are needed at this stage of the learning process. The goal is to perform the whole set without conscious effort, i.e., without stopping to think: what’s next? This stage can take a few months to a year, according to the level of proficiency of the trainee.

Step 2: divide the sequence into blocks of techniques and work each block separately.

In order to really possess the form, every Combat Muay Boran student must go through this stage. This breakdown can be easily done because this form is conceived to be split if need be, without losing its fighting rationale. Then, the shorter portions of the sequence must be dissected, analysed and learned until becoming second nature.

This is the most important part of the learning process that should be undertaken with the careful supervision of an expert Combat Muay Boran teacher.

Step 3: work on the martial applications of each posture, with a sparring partner and with a pad man. Timing, sense of distance, tactile sensitivity and a better understanding of the fighting principles of each technique’s applications are developed with the cooperation of a sparring partner. A pad man is needed to express and enhance the real power of each offensive maneuver learned through solo practice of the sequence.

Step 4: rehearse the whole sequence or the shorter blocks at real speed for a scheduled number of times. At this stage the sense of enemy (the ability to visualize an opponent) must already be well developed and every offensive or defensive maneuver should express high battle energy (Phalang Yuth). Fighting and dancing finally become a single artistic and potentially destructive form of expression.

A form is a compendium of fighting techniques, a smart system

of preservation and transmission of battle-tested martial strategies and tactics: however, for a sincere and dedicated practitioner a form represents an infinite source of stimuli that reveals its facets in ever changing ways. In fact, just like a good book that seems to “change” according to the mood of the reader, a combat form adapts to the executor giving him a different feeling each time he performs it. In the words of Japanese Master Kenwa Mabuni:

“A form is not fixed or immoveable. Like water, it's ever changing and fits itself to the shape of the vessel containing it.” Because of this, practicing the Combat Muay Boran form with the right spirit on a daily basis, nourishes the body and mind of a Nak Muay with the right technical and spiritual “food”. A Muay Boran practitioner will greatly benefit from this practice: his skill and his fighting spirit will be enhanced and step by step his understanding of the secrets of the Art will be heightened.

For more information about Combat Muay Boran IMBA: • IMBA Official website: www.muaythai.it • Europe: Dani Warnicki (IMBA Finland) dani.warnicki@imbafinland.com • South America: Juan Carlos Duran (IMBA Colombia) imbacolombia@gmail.com • Oceania: Maria Quaglia (IMBA Australia) imbaaust@gmail.com • General Secretary: Marika Vallone (IMBA Italia) imbageneralsecretary@gmail.com