FIRE STATION 62- Spring 2020 Integrative Design Studio

STATION 62

Bryan Esparza | ADE 521 | Hartman

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

The design of Fire Station 62 involved the diligent examination of a station’s programmatic functions in order to address challenges and opportunities. Visiting two fire stations on a class filed trip and conducting a case study on another, revealed relationships not initially apparant within the program requirements like lifestyles, preferences, and strong community engagement.

SQ. FOOTAGE

0 25

50

25

50 APPARATUS BAY 8,891 SQ FT

EMS Storage Closet Exterior Storage Decontamination Sink/ Eye Wash SCBA Bottle/Hose Storage Exterior Generator Electrical IDC Closet Turnouts Storage Room Mezzanine Storage

Apparatus Bay SLEEPING QUARTERS 1,645 SQ FT

LIVING QUARTERS 4,592 SQ FT

The sq. footage is broken down into dimensions that consider its use and eventually 3D characteristics.

Functional areas and rooms both color-coded in relation to proximity to apparatus bay.

Captain’s Dormitory Dormitories Men’s Bathroom Women’s Bathroom Bathroom Storage Day Room/ Break Room Kitchen Pantry Dining Captain’s Office Watch Room/ Station Office Public Entry Vestibule Public Lobby Publice Restroom Training Room/ EOC/ Community Electrical Radio/ Communications Room Inside Storage/ Laundry /Room Fitness/ Exercise Room Library/ Study Covered Outdoor Patio Alternate Response Personnel Office Janitor’s Closet Mechanical

PROGRAM MASSING

Simple Massing with embedded room height and color-coding.

ADJACENCY

Initial spatial organization attempting to incorporate numerous programmatic relationships.

INITIAL LAYOUT

Initial layout resulting from manuevering real-life 3D printed massings.

CASE STUDY: SITE PLAN + CONCEPT

LOCATION OF BUILDING RESPONDS TO MULTIPLE CONSTRAINTS AND EXISTING DRIVEWAYS ARE POSITIONED TO LIMIT THE LENGTH OF ROADS

64,702 SQ FT

EMERGENCY ACCESS PUBLIC ACCESS

This Charleroi case study was pivotal for understanding how certain site constraints could be turned into opportunities

THE ROUND FORM COMES AS A MEANS TO AVOID CROSSING IN/OUTFLOWS AND SO NO MANOEUVRE IS PERFORMED IN OR OUTSIDE THE GREAT HALL

DRILL TOWER IS PLACED IN NORTH TO PREVENT SMOKE DRIFTING TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE MAIN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE IS ADDED

SEVEN PATIOS WITH WATER POOLS ALLOW EFFICIENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVE HYGRO-THERMAL COMFORTAS WELL AS PROVIDE DAYLIGHT

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

Site 62 which is located at the south-western base of South Mountain is immersed in a wildly natural landscape.

The site is adjacent to a publicly owned state park and boasts stunning views of the mountain range directly north of it and of the sierra estrella mountains south of it. Due to these hyperlocal factors among an overarching green building design focus, an extreme sensibility to the natural environment seems appropriate.

OVERVIEW DUST TO DUST In alignment with the natural order, a focus on life cycle assessment which includes raw material acquisition, materials manufacture, production, use/reuse/maintenance, and waste management. The aim should be “cradle-to-cradle” not “cradle-to-grave” EMBODIED ENERGY In order to advance our research in sustainable building materials and methods we can begin looking at the embodied energy as a criteria towards possible solutions. Some general goals, are a reduction in uses of cement and steel. Therefore, I will explore rammed earth, low-cement or cement-substituted concretes, and mass timber.

CODES While exploring options, it is important to keep in mind the required restrictions for fire station projects.

Rammed Earth, Sanboa Art Center

Contruction type: IIIA or IV Fire-resistance ratings: 1 hr or 2 hr

(exterior bearing walls)

Thermal resistance: R-Values Cost: $$$

Mass Timber, OKanagan College Center of Excellence

CONSIDERATIONS GLOBAL WARMING Making cement results in hight levels of CO2output.

Cement production ranks third in producer of anthropogenic CO2 in the world after transport and energy generation.

Cement production accounts for 4-5% of worldwide total CO2 emissions.

Of the total CO2output, 30% derives from the use of energy and 70% results from decarbonation Concrete uses typically uses 11% portland cement by weight, whereas rammed earth uses 3-4%.

Cement amounts can be reduced with substitutes like fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (ggbs), silica fume, and limestone fines.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION Construction industry is responsible for 40-50% of CO2 emissions.

NET CARBON EMISSIONS

PROCESS EMISSIONS LESS CARBON STORED

Wood sequesters CO2 at a rate of 1-1.2 tons/m3 of wood.

FRAMING LUMBER

Wood is the only material that remove carbon form the atmosphere for the lifetime of its usage.

CLT MASONRY

Exposure to natural elements, such as wood, is known to have a positive impact on human well-being.

STEEL (RECYCLED) PORTLAND CEMENT STEEL (VIRGIN)

-2

-1

0

1 KG CO2E/KG

2

3

MASS TIMBER CLT AND GLULAM CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER It is an engineered wood panel Typically consists of 3, 5, or 7 layers of dimension lumber oriented at right angles to one another Well suited for floors, walls, and roofs GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER It is composed of individual wood laminations They are specifically selected and positioned based on their performance characteristics, and then bonded Can be used as a beam or as a column

CLT

GLULAM

SPECIFICATIONS Compressive strength: 4,873 psi (grade m e8) R-value: R30 (24” thickness) Erosion resistance: capable of absorbing and releasing Vapour drive barrier: can be added PROS Easily prefabricated Light and easy to handle on site Low embodied energy and sequesters carbon CONS Glues tend to have high environmental impact Design issues need determining ahead of fabrication Possible shortage of construction expertise

Inner Lining Services Void Vapour Barrier Laminated Panel Insulation B/t Joists Sheathing Ventilated Cavity Horizontal Weatherboarding

SITE ANALYSIS

Upon examination of the site, we discovered South Mountain to be an alluvial fan, a geographic characteristic signaling the possibility of heavier rain conditions, speciďŹ cally in the monsoon season. Other main site characteristics are the neighborhood and parking to the East, the plentitude of heavily used trials that can be accessed from the site, and a wash that runs through the eastern side of the site.

SOUTH MOUNTAIN Gi la

n Con

Gila

Gi

la

Gila

Bursera

550 Bursera

ra Burse

500 450

400

2100 W CHANDLER BLVD, PHOENIX, AZ

Trail Lines Site Lines Run off Lines Topography Lines Bike Lanes Wash Parking

Bursera Gila Connector Site Lines Bike Lanes Wash Pedestrian Walkway Parking

Burs

era

ecto

r

SATELLITE

0

50

100

200

N

KEY MOMENTS NORTH

N. EAST

EAST

SOUTH

INSPIRATION “In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, -- he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson was extremely familiar with the peace nature could bestow on those whom could connect with it. Similarly, my site visit to the base of the southern side on South Mountain was pleasantly filled with encountered moments of stilling serenity, like the sense of graceful resiliency I felt from this rock and these plants. While many other aspects like programming, response time, privacy, and community outreach were also key design-drivers, because firefighters deal with life-threatening situations and often times witness traumatic scenes throughout their careers, I felt the responsibility to integrate moments of repose within my design for Fire Station 62. Ultimately, the hope is that they too will be able to enjoy the beauty of nature and carry with them an enduring tranquility.

DESIGN

BIRDS EYE VIEW

SITE PLAN + HYDROLOGY

1ST FLOOR

1. APPARATUS BAY 2. TURNOUT + DECON 3. OFFICES 4. LIBRARY 5. PUBLIC VESTIBULE 6. KITCHEN 7. DINING 8. DAY ROOM 9. GYM 10. COMMUNITY 11. PATIO 12. ZEN SPACE 13. LAUNDRY 14. BATHROOMS 15. MECH. + JANITOR 16. ELEC. + COMM. 17. EXT. STORAGE

RESPITE

UP UP

17

5

1 2

16 3

6

14 7

8

15 9

4

11

13

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12

2ND FLOOR AND MEZZ

1. ROOMS 2. BATHROOMS 3. STORAGE, MECH, + ELEC. 1

3

2

STRUCTURAL GRID

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

23

1

2

3

4

22

1ST FLOOR MEZZANINE 5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

2ND FLOOR

STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC

MEP AXON

2nd Floor: Sleeping + Bathrooms

Apparatus Bay + Decontaminaton

1st Floor: /LYLQJ 2IÆ“FHV SUPPLY AIR RETURN AIR AHU

RESPONSE

W-E CONTEXTUAL

WEST SIDE BOUNDARY

EAST SIDE BOUNDARY

TRAILHEAD PARKING

RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD

W-E ELEVATION + SECTION

Level 5 27' - 6"

Level 3 20' - 0"

Level 2 12' - 6"

Level 1

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

W-E ELEVATION + SECTION

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

W-E SECTION

CLOSE-UP

S-N CONTEXTUAL

STREET LEVEL

SOUTH STREET EDGE

SOUTH SITE BOUNDARY

NORTH STREET EDGE

NORTH SITE BOUNDARY

S-N ELEVATION + SECTION

S-N SECTION

CLOSE UP

1ST ITERATION

This is my ďŹ rst set of drawings. It marks the beginning of my explorations into the buildings relationship with the site, primarily the wash to the East and the trailhead North of it.

Ground Floor

1/32”=1’

Second Floor

1/32”=1’

DRAWING BOARD

Raw, uncurated notes and calculations in chronological order.