KirkofStNicholasUniting
PreDesignStudy
Buildingtype: Residential
Occupancyschedule:
Weekdays 6:00to22:00
Weekends 6:00to22:00
Location:
Aberdeen,Scotland,GB
SiteContext
Equinoxes
Aberdeenhasatemperateoceanicclimate
Quiteseasonal.Winterswithcold,shortdaysandsummerswithmildtowarm,longdays.
21Decto20Mar Winter-cold,dark Coldandwindytocrisp
21Marto20Jun
-chilly
anddrearytofine
Impactofwindoncomfort Cooling Chilling Toowindy
21Junto20Sep
-cool,light
21Septo20Dec
&
Likelyheating&coolingneed
Architecturalresponse
Impactofclimateonarchitecturalresponse
Whatit’slike:
Breezyandchilly
Stillandcold(orcolder)
Whatmosthumanswant:
Shelterfromthewind
Warmth
Whatit’slike:
Stillbutchilly
Breezyandcool
Windybutpleasant
Whatmosthumanswant:
Shelterwhenneeded
Someconnectivitywithoutside
Whatit’slike:
Pleasantorwarm
Breezyorcalm,notwindy
Whatmosthumanswant:
Tobeoutside
Toenjoytheweather
Whatit’slike:
Warmbutwindy
Hot(orhotter)
Whatmosthumanswant:
Protectionfromthewind&sun
Tobecool
Architecturalresponse
Bestwaysforarchitecturetorespondtoclimate
Provideshelterfromthecold
Well-insulatedglazingandenvelope
Goodcontrolofinfiltration
Massingswithlimitedarticulation
Efficient&comfortableheatingsystems
Taketheinsideoutside
Largeopeningstoconnectinsidewithoutside
Shadedoutsideareasasalternativetoinsidespace
Largerglazingratios
Shadingwhereneeded
Bringtheoutsidein
Controlledopeningsfornaturalventilation
Shelteredoutsidespaceslikecourtyards&atriums
Largerglazingratios
Shadingasneeded
Provideshelterfromheat
Shadedglazingwithsolarcontrol
Limitedunprotectedglazing
Efficientindoorcoolingsystems
Shadedoutdoorareaswithfansandpossiblymisting
Architecturalresponse
Whenarchitecturalresponsesaremostimportant
Glazingratio:Southfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy Tripleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
402overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy
Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Glazingratio:South-westfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
glazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
402overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Glazingratio:Westfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy Tripleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
315overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy
Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Glazingratio:North-westfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
glazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
179overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Glazingratio:Northfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
Tripleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
43overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy
Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
control
Glazingratio:North-eastfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
glazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
43overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy
Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Glazingratio:Eastfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
Tripleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
130overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy
Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
control
Glazingratio:South-eastfacade
Suggestionsformaximumglazingratioforthisclimate
Factorsaffectingglazingratio
Overallrecommendation
Focusonstrategiesthatreduceheatlossto maximisetheamountofglazingyoucanuse.
Improvingglazingandframeinsulationwillhavethe biggestimpact.
Coldweatherleadingtoheatloss
Heatlosspotential:
3,170heatingdegree-daysperyear
Heatlossthroughglazing:
High
Impactonglazingratio:
High
Optimalstrategy
glazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Detrimentalsunleadingtoheatgain
Amountofoverheatingsun:
266overheatinghrsperyear
Heatgainthroughglazing:
Low
Impactonglazingratio:
Negligible
Typicalstrategy Doubleglazedlow-E,non-metal,noshading,basicglazing
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisextremelycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitcanbequite significant.
Shading: Southfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Shading: South-westfacade
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisextremelycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitcanbequite significant.
Embrace
Shading: South-westfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisextremelycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitcanbequite significant.
Embrace
Shading: Westfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Noshading
Shading: North-westfacade
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisverycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitmaybe relativelylow.
North-westfacade
Shading
Shading: North-westfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Noshading
BriseSoleil
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesuniscommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitislow
Shading: Northfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Noshading
BriseSoleil
Shading: North-eastfacade
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesuniscommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitmaybe relativelylow.
Shadingnotneeded.
Shading: North-eastfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Noshading
BriseSoleil
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisverycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitcanbequite significant.
Embrace
Shading: Eastfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Noshading
Shading: South-eastfacade
Thisfacadeseesalowamountofdetrimental overheatinghours. Whenoverheatinghappens,itsimpactislow.
Beneficialwarmingfromthesunisextremelycommon. Whenwarmingsunhappens,itsbenefitcanbequite significant.
Embrace
Shading: South-eastfacade
Effectivenessofdifferentshadingstrategies
Toplighting
Impactofsunontoplightingstrategies
Beneficialsun
Cloudy/Benignsky
Detrimentalsun
Providesanetbenefitfor:
Flatskylights
AngledskylightsfacingE,S&W
ClerestoriesfacingE,S&W
Greatfortoplighting
Mixofdiffuseanddirectsun
Improvedthermalcomfort
Betterpassivedesign
Lowerheatingenergy
Predominantconditionfor:
AngledskylightsfacingN
ClerestoriesfacingN
Goodfortoplighting
Mainlydiffuselight
Minimaloverheating
Lowglare
Notcommoninthisclimate.
Ideallyavoided
Benefitsofdaylightoutweighedby:
Reducedthermalcomfort
Reducednaturalventilationpotential
Highercoolingenergy
Astheresidentialscheduleisoftenatnightthis %canbequitehigh.
Toconsiderduringthesetimes: Electriclightingwillberequiredfor adequatelightinginside
Privacymaybeneeded
Glazingmayappearlikeamirrorfrom theinside
Toplighting
Suitabilityofdifferenttoplightinginthisclimate
Clerestoryfacingnorth
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun. Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Clerestoryfacingsouth
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun.
Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Clerestoryfacingeast
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun. Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Clerestoryfacingwest
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun.
Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Skylightanglednorth
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun. Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Skylightangledeast
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun. Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Toplighting
Suitabilityofdifferenttoplightinginthisclimate
Skylightangledsouth
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun.
Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Skylightangledwest
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun.
Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Unprotectedskylight
Notexposedtomuchdetrimentalsun.
Sunoftenprovidesbeneficialwarming.
Daylightfromamixofdirectsunanddiffuselight.
Monitorskylight
Consideranoverhangforthemonitortoblockoverheatingsun.
Daylightmainlyfromdiffuselight.
Daylightamixofredirectedsunanddiffuselight.
LightPipes
Smallopeninglimitsimpactofoverheatingsun. Doesnotletinanybeneficialwarmingsun.
Daylightofteninsufficientduetocloudyskies.
Outsidespaces
Howoftenoutsidespaceisusable
Anoutsidespaceinthislocationwithoutinterventionwillhavelimiteduse forseatedperiodsof20minutesormore.
Alwaysunusable 15%hrs*
Alwaysusable 1%hrs*
Usablewithintervention 84%hrs*
*Annualoccupiedhrs
Overallrecommendation
Combinewindbreakswithheatingandlighting(+65%hrs*)
Maximuminterventionusability
