Brock White Site Work Field Guide 6

SITE WORK FIELD GUIDE

6

Road Stabilization • Sediment Control •

Geomembranes • Erosion Control •

Twenty Years of Knowledge and Experience!

As your resource for erosion control, geotextiles, geosynthetics and construction materials, we at Brock White hope you find this field guide helpful. Please contact us with questions or comments.

Table Of Contents Erosion & Sediment Control

Section A

Geotextiles & Geogrids

Section B

Slope Stabilization

Section C

Geosynthetic Liners

Section D

Miscellaneous

Section E

Erosion and Sediment Control Introduction..................................................... A 1-6

Ages Mud Mats.................................................................................................. A 7

Mat Inc........................................................................................................... A 8-10

EarthGuard Fiber Matrix............................................................................... A 11-14

ENCAP, Verdyol, Biosol.................................................................................... A 15

American Excelsior Company...................................................................... A 16-18 Propex.......................................................................................................... A 19-22

Huesker Fortrac 3D...................................................................................... A 23-24

Invisible Structures....................................................................................... A 25-26 Flexamat...................................................................................................... A 27-28

Silt Savers........................................................................................................ A 29

Silt Fence.......................................................................................................... A 30

Turbidity Curtains.............................................................................................. A 31

Curlex Bloc........................................................................................................A 32

Detail Documents & Installation Guidelines................................................. A 33-46 Geotextiles & Geogrids Introduction................................................................... B 1

Propex Geotextiles.......................................................................................... B 2-8 Texel................................................................................................................... B 9

Woven & Nonwoven Cross Reference............................................................. B 10 Terrafix Biaxial Geogrids.............................................................................. B 11-12

NAUE Combigrid.............................................................................................. B 13 Stratagrid.......................................................................................................... B 14

Huesker HaTelit............................................................................................B 15-16

Brock White Biaxial Geogrid Comparison Chart.............................................. B 17

American Excelsior Geogrid Comparison Chart............................................... B 18 Uniaxial Geogrid Comparison Chart................................................................. B 19

Slope Stabilization Introduction.......................................................................... C 1

Terrafix................................................................................................................C 2

Envirogrid Geocell........................................................................................... C 3-4 Tri-Lock.............................................................................................................. C 5

Maccaferri Gabions......................................................................................... C 6-7

Geosynthetic Liners Introduction....................................................................... D 1 Stego............................................................................................................... D 2-3

Bentofix.............................................................................................................. D 4

Raven Industries............................................................................................. D 5-6

Firestone Geomembrane................................................................................... D 7

Introduction........................................................................................................ E 1

Invisible Structures.......................................................................................... E 2-3

Drainage Products - Prinsco.............................................................................. E 4

Drainage Prodcuts - AWD.................................................................................. E 5 AquaBlok............................................................................................................ E 6 Ecoraster............................................................................................................ E 7 Barricage............................................................................................................ E 8

Curlex GreenSavers........................................................................................... E 9

Diamond Mesh, Flat Profile Fencing................................................................ E 10

Brock White Geo-Environmental Construction................................................. E 11

Conversion Tables............................................................................. Section F

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines: Field Guide for the Resource Industry The following field guide outlines the general guideline for placement of erosion and sediment control materials and details the various types of erosion control materials suitable for applications typical of resource industry construction. Attached are corresponding drawings, referenced in the text, that relate to these descriptions.

What are some erosion control BMPs? BMP = Best Management Practice Key Point: The most efficient and economical method of controlling sheet, rill and raindrop impact erosion is to establish vegetative cover from seed. Vegetation can reduce erosion by more than 90% by protecting the soil from raindrop impact and sheet erosion.

When erosion control BMPs are implemented and maintained, the amount of sediment associated with runoff waters can be dramatically reduced.

Whenever possible address erosion control first and sediment control second. If soil is exposed, tracking of the slope site is reduced. Some important points to remember: • Vegetative cover is the primary erosion control practice.

• Retain existing vegetation by minimizing disturbance and scheduling large land disturbances during periods of expected dry weather.

• Establishing cover immediately after disturbance (staging) is important.

• Temporary erosion control is usually achieved by seeding with fast growing annual grasses and/or protecting the soil with mulch.

• Permanent erosion control usually involves planting perennial grasses, shrubs, and trees.

Key Point: The selection of the right plant material for the site, choosing the correct mulching technique and proper seedbed preparation are critical for effective erosion control. Surface roughening, contour furrows, and stepped slopes are essential to establish vegetation.

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A-1

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

Costs Non-structural erosion control practices are generally more cost-effective than sediment control. For example, the cost of temporary seeding one acre would be comparable to the cost of installing 200 LF of silt fence (for a 1 acre drainage) or equivalent to the cost of constructing a temporary sediment trap designed for a one acre drainage. However, the practice of temporary seeding would probably be more effective while the silt fence and sediment trap will require regular and costly maintenance.

Key Point: Erosion control is, generally, more cost-effective than sediment control and requires less maintenance and repair.

Sediment Control Sedimentation is the deposition of soil particles that have been transported by water or wind. The amount of sediment produced during construction is directly proportional to the degree and effectiveness of erosion control practices implemented. The quantity and size of the particles transported increases with the velocity of the runoff.

Sediment control is used to keep sediment, the product of erosion, on-site.

Sediment control involves the construction of structures that allow sediment to settle out of suspension. Sediment control structures, therefore, require frequent inspection and maintenance.

Generally, sediment is retained on-site by two methods: a) slowing runoff velocities, as they flow through an area, sufficiently so that sediment cannot be transported, and b) impounding sediment-laden runoff for a period of time so that the soil particles settle out.

Sediment controls are not filters. Practices referred to as “sediment filtering” actually work by slowing velocities and allowing sediment impoundment to de-water in a very slow and controlled manner. For effective sediment control planning and design, materials such as geotextiles, silt fences, and straw bales should be considered for their ability to impound water and slow runoff velocities, not for their ability to “filter” sediment.

Key Point: Effective sediment control involves ponding sediment-laden runoff long enough for the soil particles to settle out of suspension.

Reducing runoff velocities will also reduce sediment transport and thereby help retain sediment on-site.

A-2

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

What are some effective sediment control BMPs? Key point: Structural sediment control can be divided into three general types; 1) sediment basins, 2) sediment traps, and 3) sediment barriers.

Temporary Sediment Basins are recommended for the outlet of disturbed drainage areas ranging from 5 ac (2 ha) to 100 ac (40 ha). Sediment Basins should be designed by a qualified professional.

Consult local guidelines for erosion and sediment control.

Excavated Sediment Traps require less rigorous design work, are smaller in size and they are easier to construct, therefore, a preferable alternative is to sub-divide large projects into smaller sub-areas (less than 5 acre) and utilize numerous sediment traps. Multiple traps and / or additional volume may be required to accommodate site specific rainfall and soil conditions.

This approach may facilitate phased construction along relatively narrow highway right of way.

Excavated Storm Drain Inlets are small excavated sediment traps located at storm drain inlets and are effective as part of phased construction. The design capacity of excavated inlet sediment traps shall be 67 yd3 / acre (1800 ft3 / ac) of contributing drainage area. These excavations are temporary and they are not very effective for trapping small particles (silt and clay) and they should not be used where runoff velocities are high.

Sediment Barriers are BMPs that are intended to separate sediment from sheet flow runoff. They function by reducing runoff velocity and ponding small quantities of storm water. Sediment barriers are only intended for areas experiencing sheet flow and they must be installed in areas that can pond water and accumulate sediment and, most importantly, they must be accessible for cleanout. Sediment barriers are the most common type of practices used on construction sites.

• Sediment Barriers • Silt Fence • Straw Wattle or Sediment Log

• Continuous Berms • Storm Drain Inlet Barriers

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A-3

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

Principles of Erosion and Sediment Control Severe erosion is caused by the action of wind, rainfall, and runoff on bare soil. Clearing, grading, and other construction activities remove the vegetation and compact the soil, increasing both runoff and erosion.

Excessive runoff then causes gully erosion, increased streambank erosion, and results in increased off-site erosion, sedimentation and flooding problems. Effective erosion and sediment control can be achieved by careful attention to the following principles: • Protect the land surface from erosion.

• Manage runoff and keep velocities low.

• Capture sediment on-site.

• Integrate erosion and sediment control with the construction schedule.

• Inspect and maintain the erosion and sediment control practices.

The following are principles for controlling erosion and off-site sedimentation from construction sites: • Fit the development to the existing topography, soils, and vegetation as much as is possible.

• Schedule construction operations in order to minimize soil exposure during the rainy season.

• Minimize disturbance and soil exposure by retaining natural vegetation, adopting phased construction techniques, and using temporary cover.

• Vegetate and mulch all denuded areas to protect the soil from winter rains. The primary effort for controlling sediment pollution from construction sites should be to minimize raindrop impact on bare soil.

• Utilize proper grading, barriers, or ditches to minimize concentrated flows and divert runoff away from denuded slopes or other critical areas.

• Minimize the steepness of slopes and control the length of slopes by utilizing benches, terraces, contour furrows, or diversion ditches.

• Utilize riprap, channel linings, or temporary structures in the channel to slow runoff velocities and allow the drainage-ways to handle the increased runoff from disturbed and developed areas.

• Keep the sediment on-site by utilizing sediment basins, traps, sediment barriers or with use of Mud Mats.

• Monitor and inspect sites frequently to assure the measures are functioning properly and correct problems promptly.

A-4

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

Vegetation as a Solution Dense, healthy vegetation and the associated leaf litter protects the soil from raindrop impact. Raindrop impact is a major force in dislodging soil particles which then allows them to move downslope or form a crust on the soil surface. When a crust forms on the soil surface the rainfall infiltration rate decreases and runoff increases.

Vegetation also protects the soil from sheet and rill erosion. It shields the soil surface from the transport of soil particles and scour from overland flow (sheet flow) and it decreases the erosive energy of the flowing water by reducing velocity.

The shielding effect of the plant canopy and leaves is augmented by roots and rhyzomes that hold the soil in place, improve the soil’s physical condition, and increase the rate of infiltration, further decreasing runoff. Plants also remove water from the soil through transpiration, thus increasing its capacity to absorb water.

Suitable vegetative cover provides excellent erosion protection and reduces the need for high cost, low efficiency, high maintenance sediment control measures. Vegetative cover is relatively inexpensive to achieve and tends to be self-healing; it is often the only practical, long-term solution of stabilization and erosion control on most disturbed sites.

Initial investigation of site characteristics and planning for vegetation stabilization reduces its cost, minimizes maintenance and repair, and makes other erosion and sediment control measures more effective and less costly to maintain. Permanent erosion control (post-construction landscaping) is also less costly where soils have not been eroded.

Exposed subsoils are generally difficult to amend, are infertile, and require more irrigation. Natural, undisturbed areas can provide low-maintenance landscaping, shade, and privacy. Large trees increase property values when they are properly protected during construction.

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A-5

Erosion & Sediment Control - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

Vegetation as a Solution Continued...

Besides preventing erosion, healthy vegetative cover provides a stable land surface, reduces heat reflectance and dust, restricts weed growth, and complements architecture. The result is a pleasant environment for employees, tenants and customers, and an attractive site for homes.

Property values can be increased dramatically by small investments in erosion control. The final landscaping represents a small fraction of total construction costs, but can contribute greatly to an increased market value of the development. Healthy vegetation and planned development will reduce concentrated flows and peak discharge, thus reducing channel erosion and flooding. Good, healthy vegetative cover greatly reduces the environmental impacts that poor water quality and habitat reduction is having on rivers and streams.

A-6

AGES® Mud Mats

Site Work Field Guide

CROSSING SENSITIVE AREAS

ALTERNATIVE TO ROCK ENTRANCE

SITE ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE

Unroll this amazing product and drive on any muddy, swampy ground without getting stuck, rutting or tracking mud off site. Mud Mats consist of pocketed, double-wall, high-strength fabric with high tensile reinforcing ribs confined within each sleeve; this allows for easy deployment and amazing structural stability.

The mats connect together to form custom sizes. Ground pressure from vehicle tires is reduced up to 40x causing minimal ground disturbance!

•Light weight

•Quick to deploy

•Roll up when done

•Washes easily

Use confidently in oil & gas construction, agriculture, golf & parks and other delicate areas where vehicle access is required. Each Mud Mat is 15’ x 8’ and approximately 90lbs. Custom sizes can be made by connecting the straps of the Mud Mats together.

Rig Mats available upon request.

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A-7

Mat, Inc.

Site Work Field Guide

Mat, Inc is the manufacturer of quality erosion control producs for the hydraulic seeding industy. Our family of products is desinged to satisfy requirements from the most difficult mountain slope to an easy home lawn.

Flex Guard® is a Fiber Reinforced Matrix (FRM) hydromulch engineered with pasteurized wood fibers, dispersible synthetic fibers and exclusive soil-bonding agents for immediate and effective erosion protection on challenging terrain even during hard rains. The nontoxic formula maintains fiber loft for impact resistance, air circulation and moisture retention that promotes seed germination and plant growth. Flex Guard® maximizes the time savings and cost efficiencies of hydraulic application, and delivers dependable results from the start.

Soil Guard® Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) represents a breakthrough in erosion control technology. It is a one or two-step erosion control system that revolutionized the practice of soil conservation. It is a cost-effective erosion control system that has been a market leader since 1993. It is the only BFM on the market requiring application by Certified Applicators and comes with a company backed warranty. Hydraulically applied Soil Guard® conforms to the contours of the ground and dries to form a bonded fiber matrix. Once dry, the matrix can by hydrated repeatedly and will hold soil and seed without washing away. As vegetation takes hold, Soil Guard® slowly decomposes to enrich the soil.

Spray Guard® Stabilized Mulch Matrix (SMM) is a new product made to stabilize soils on all types of construction and building sites. The wood fibers and exclusive soil bonding agent immediately create a stable soil surface. And, unlike some stabilizer products that need on-site blending, Spray Guard® SMM comes pre-blended and ready for quick and easy hydraulic application... Saving you time and money!

A-8

Mat, Inc.

Site Work Field Guide

Revegetation Products Performance Chart

This Product Performance Chart is based on field applictations of Mat products by dedicated and prformance minded applicators.

This Performance Chart is meant as a guide only, location conditions will require attention to “Best Management Practices� for a specification. On slope lengths greater than twenty feet slope interruption devices may be required.

To Determine Application Rate

Example:

Metric Example:

Based on rates in pounds-per-acre. (lbs./acre)

15,000 sq.ft. x 2,000 lbs./acre = 30,000,000 30,000,000 divided by 43,560 = 688 lbs. mulch 688 divided by 50 lb. bags = 13.77 bags

2000 sq. meters x 2,000 kgs./ hectare = 3,400,000 3,400,000 divided by 10,000 = 340 kgs. mulch 340 kgs. divided by 22.6 kgs./ bag = 15.04 bags

A. Multiply total sq. ft. to be covered, by desired Mulch rate in lbs./acre.

B. Divide A by 43,560 (sq.ft. in 1 acre) C. Divide B by # of lbs./bag = # of bags

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A-9

Mat, Inc.

Site Work Field Guide

Erosion Control Products Performance Chart

This Product Performance Chart is based on field applictations of Mat products by dedicated and performance minded applicators. This Performance Chart is meant as a guide only, location conditions will require attention to “Best Management Erosion ControlOnProducts Practices” for a specification. slope lengthsPerformance greater than twentyChart feet slope This Product Performance Chart is based on field applications of Mat products by dedicated and performance minded applicators. interruption devices may be required.

This Performance Chart is meant as a guide only, location conditions will require attention to "Best Management Practices" for a specification. On slope lengths greater than twenty feet slope interruption devices may be required.

Product Category

6:1 Slope Length

0-30’

3:1

2.5:1

2:1

1:1

Slope Length

Slope Length

Slope Length

Slope Length

4:1 Slope Length

30-60’ 60-120’ 0-30’

30-60’ 60-120’ 0-30’

30-60’ 60-120’ 0-30’

30-60’ 60-120’ 0-30’

30-60’ 60-120’ 0-30’

30-60’ 60-120’

Flex Guard® 3000#/Acre

4000#/Acre

® Soil Guard 3000#/Acre

4000#/Acre

® Spray Guard 3000#/Acre

3500#/Acre

Area Coverage Per Load For Mat Inc. Erosion Control Products Tank Capacity (in Gallons) 300

# of Bags

(50 lbs.bags) 3

Volume (Gals)

Coverage Area Coverage Area (Sq.Ft.) 2175

324

(acres) .017

500

5

540

3,610

.083

1000

10

1080

7,250

.166

2500

25

2700

18,150

.417

800

1200

3000

8

12 30

5,800

864

1296

3240

8,700

21,750

.133

.200

.500

Based on rates-per-acre of 3000 lbs. “Guard” products can be mixed at 50 lbs. per 100 gals. water.

To Determine Application Rate BasedBased on rates pounds-per-acre. on ratesin in pounds-per-acre. (lbs./acre) (lbs./acre) A. Multiply ft.totobe be covered, by A. Multiplytotal total sq. sq. ft. covered, by desired mulch rate in lbs./acre. desired Mulch rate in lbs./acre.

B. Divide the answer to A by 43,560. (sq.ft. in 1 acre) B. Divide A by 43,560 (sq.ft. in 1 acre) C. Divide B by the number of lbs./ bag = # no. of bags.

C. Divide B by # of lbs./bag = # of bags A - 10

Example: Example:

Metric Example: Metric Example:

15,000 sq.ft. x 2,000 lbs./acre 2000 sq. meters x 2,000 kgs./ = 30,000,000 hectare = 3,400,000 15,000 sq. ft. x 2,000 lbs./acre = 30,000,000 2000 sq. meters x 2,000 kgs./hectare = 3,400,000 30,000,000 bymulch 43,560 3,400,000 divided by 10,000 3,400,000 10,000 = 340 kgs. mulch 30,000,000 divided 43,560 = 688 lbs. = 688 688 lbs.50mulch =340340 mulch kgs. kgs.

22.6 kgs./bag = 15.04 bags lbs./bag = 13.77 bags 688 divided by 50 lb. bags 340 kgs. divided by 22.6 kgs./ = 13.77 bags bag = 15.04 bags

EarthGuard Fiber Matrix, Terra Novo

Site Work Field Guide

EarthGuard® Fiber Matrix from Terra Novo is the economical solution more and more erosion specialists are turning to. It’s the perfect short to mid-term erosion application comparable to the most expensive BMP’s.

EarthGuard® Fiber Matrix is simple to apply, and safe to use.

EarthGuard is a one-step spray application, combining EarthGuard and wood/ cellulose fiber. It is applied as an aqueous slurry by itself or in combination with seed. It is chemically engineered to be effective at low rates while absorbing the impact of raindrops and providing versatility allows it to be highly effective in many applications; erosion control, slope stabilization, dust abatement, landscape design, storm water runoff, fire burn rehabilitation, land development, and golf course construction.

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A - 11

EarthGuard Fiber - Spec Sheet

Site Work Field Guide

EarthGuard Fiber Matrix Pre-Packaged SPECIAL PROVISIONS The special provisions described within is an attempt to cover most design aspects of utilizing the earthguard fiber matrix erosion control system. This document is intended to be utilized as a guideline, which can be customized by the user to meet specific project requirements.This provision does not attempt to address all aspects of erosion control design. A professional engineer responsible for design should check the information presented in detail. Consult your earthguard representative for more information.

Some situations with: sandy-sandy loam soils, very little organic matter in the soil, poorly compacted slopes, heavy rainfall locations (over 20” or 500 mm per year), very intense rain storms (50-75 mm at a time), high wind exposure, etc. May require increasing the application rates. When swppps, bmps or other plans are being written, contact your earthguard representative at (888) 843-1029 for more specific rate recommendations based on soil type, rainfall, slope and other conditions.

1. GENERAL 1.1. Work Included. EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be furnished and applied as shown on the drawings and as required for proper installation and functioning of the product.

2. MATERIALS EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be pre-packaged in 50 lb bags containing both a proprietary compound of soil/fiber stabilizing chemistry and thermally processed wood fiber to assure both material performance and compliance with the following values. A Certificate of Compliance for the Pre-Packaged EarthGuard Fiber Matrix product shall be furnished to the Engineer.

2.1. Thermally Processed Wood Fiber – The sterilized weed-free wood fiber mulch shall be manufactured through a thermo-mechanical defibrating process containing a specific range of fiber lengths averaging 0.25 inches or longer. The fibers shall be dyed with a green water-soluble non-toxic dye that will not stain masonry, concrete, asphalt or painted surfaces, and shall be non-toxic to plant or animal life. The wood fiber shall meet the following requirements: • Fiber Retention On 28-Mesh Screen (Tyler Ro-Tap Method)  40% • Moisture Content (Total Air Dry Weight Basis) 12% ± 2% • Organic Matter (Oven Dry Weight Basis) 99.2% ± 0.2% • Ash Content (Oven Dry Weight Basis) 0.8% ± 0.2% • Ph At 3% Consistency In Water) 4.5% ± 0.5% • Moisture Holding Capacity Min 1,100 G Water/100 G Oven Dry Fiber) • Non-Toxic To Plant Or Animal Life YES • Sterilized Weed-Free YES 2.2. Proprietary Compound – The Proprietary Linear Soil and Fiber Stabilizing Compound shall be pre-packed within the bag having a minimum content of 1.0% A - 12

EarthGuard Fiber - Spec Sheet Continued

Site Work Field Guide

2.3. Seed (OPTIONAL – SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The seed to be applied in combination with the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be of Type _____ as shown in the plans and specified within these Special Provisions. Seed shall be labeled by the vendors supplying the seed. Seed shall have been tested for purity and germination not more than 12 months prior to the application of the seed. Seed testing results shall be delivered to the Engineer prior to applying the seed. Seed labels furnished by the seed supplying vendor shall indicate the purity, germination and pure live seed as determined by testing. Seed with a germination rate lower than the minimum rate specified may be used when approved by the Engineer in writing. Seed specified without a germination requirement, at the time of sowing, shall be from the previous or current year’s harvest, and shall be labeled to include the name date (month and year) Seed specified without a germination requirement, at the time of sowing, shall be from the previous or collected andharvest, the name and be address seedthe supplier. current year's and shall labeledoftothe include name date (month and year) collected and 2.4.name Compost (OPTIONAL SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The compost to be a the and address of the seed– supplier. plied in combination with the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be _____ as shown in the 2.4. Compost (OPTIONAL – SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The compost to be applied in plans and specified within these Provisions. combination with the EarthGuard FiberSpecial Matrix shall be __________________ as shown in the plans and within these Special–Provisions.

2.5.specified Fertilizer (OPTIONAL SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The fertilizer to be applied in combination with the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be _____ as shown in 2.5. Fertilizer (OPTIONAL – SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The fertilizer to be applied in the plans and within these Special Provisions. combination withspecified the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be __________________ as shown in the plans and within these Special Provisions.

2.6.specified Pre-Emergent (OPTIONAL – SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The pre emergent to be applied in combination with the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be _____ as shown 2.6. Pre-Emergent (OPTIONAL – SPECIFY TYPE IF REQUIRED). The pre-emergent to be applied incombination the plans and within these Special in with specified the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall beProvisions. __________________ as shown in the plans and specified within these Special Provisions.

3. EARTH GUARD FIBER MATRIX EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be mixed in the following proportions. Seed can be added to the blend forshall long-term control. yourtoEarthGuard EarthGuard Fiber Matrix be mixedor in permanent the followingerosion proportions.

Seed Consult can be added the blend for long-term or permanent erosion control.

Consult your EarthGuard Representative and/or Sales Representative and/or product manufacturer Terra NovoSales Inc at (888) 843-1029 for product manufacturer Terra Novo Inc at (888) 843-1029 for the appropriate project specific application the appropriate project specific application rates. rates.

3. EARTHGUARD FIBER MATRIX

Maximum Rainfall of  20" (480 mm) Recommended Application Rates Based on Slope (See Brochure for Further Info) EarthGuard Fiber Matrix

 4 to 1

3 to 1

2 to 1

1.5 to 1

1 to 1

(lb/acre) (kg/hectare)

1500 1680

1800 2020

2000 2245

2500 2810

3000 3355

Maximum Rainfall of > 20" (480 mm) Recommended Application Rates Based on Slope (See Brochure for Further Info) EarthGuard Fiber Matrix

 5 to 1

4 to 1

 3 to 1

Wood Fiber (lb/acre) (kg/hectare)

2000 2245

2500 2810

3000 3355

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A - 13

EarthGuard Fiber - Spec Sheet Continued

Site Work Field Guide

4. BLENDING Correct mixing and proper application are key factors in obtaining satisfactory performance. Hydroseeding vessel shall be filled with water to at least 1/3 capacity (high enough to cover agitators) prior to adding any EarthGuard Fiber Matrix.

Continue to fill vessel with water and slowly add the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix while agitators are in motion. Once the accurate amount of EarthGuard Fiber Matrix is loaded, add seed (if specified), compost (if specified), fertilizer (if specified) and pre-emergent (if specified). Continue to mix tank a minimum of 10 minutes prior to application.

If the hydroseeding unit has separate pump and agitator controls (example: Finns), minimize agitator speed once the slurry is completely mixed and before application.

This will help increase application rate.

5. APPLICATION The soil to which the EarthGuard Fiber Matrix slurry shall be applied to must be graded to remove any pre-existing rills and shall be compacted to meet project specifications. Track-walking or some other soil imprinting devise is recommended to roughen the slope to slow water flows during a storm event. Slope Interruption Devices, such as fiber rolls, should be applied prior to the application of EarthGuard Fiber Matrix if desired. Slope Interruption Devices, if installed should be placed on the slope contour perpendicular to the flow of water. The EarthGuard Fiber Matrix slurry shall be applied at a minimum rate of 3000 gallons/acre (2800 liters/acre) evenly over the entire area to be treated. Caution should be taken to avoid creating puddles or runoff. It is recommended for the slurry to be sprayed from multiple directions and angles to ensure proper coverage. Treated areas shall not be disturbed after application.

EarthGuard Fiber Matrix shall be applied 24 hours prior to or following a storm event.

6. REPAIR OF DAMAGED AREA Any damaged area shall be repaired utilizing the exact blend and application procedure as specified above.

7. PAYMENT EarthGuard Fiber Matrix will be paid for by the square foot (square metre) of area treated. The price shall include full compensation furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment, and incidentals, and for doing all EarthGuard Fiber Matrix work, complete in place, as shown on the plans, and as specified in these special provisions, and as directed by the Engineer.

The information presented should be checked in detail by the professional engineer responsible for the design to verify its accuracy. Also, the assumptions and methods used to obtain the information should be reviewed to make certain that they are applicable and suitable for the design.

A - 14

Encap, Verdyol Biotic Earth, Biosol

Site Work Field Guide

ADVANCED SOIL TECHNOLOGY What Is It?

ENCAP has developed a patented carrier technology of Polyacrylamide (PAM), a versatile, cost effective solution for soil stabilization.

Make poor soils grow! Make good soils great!

BEFORE

AFTER

HIGH ALTITUDE RECLAMATION BEFORE BIOSOL® Approximately 3000 yards of fill was taken from this hill and no topsoil was available for replacement. The

ATION

HIGH ALTITUDE RECLAMATION

slope was hydroseeded with the above application rates.

ORE BIOSOL

®

imately 3000 yards of fill was

BEFORE BIOSOL®

rom this hill and no topsoil

BEFORE

ailable for replacement. The

was hydroseeded with the

application rates.

Excellent

on was established after only

r.

Excellent

Vegetation established after only one year! vegetation was established after only No additional fertilizer or maintenance needed after initial application! one year.

AFTER

Approximately 3000 yards of fill was

3 YEARS

AFTER BIOSOL® No additional fertilizer or maintenance after initial application

taken from this hill and no topsoil was available for replacement. The slope was hydroseeded with the above application rates.

Excellent

vegetation was established after only one year.

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®

A - 15

AEC - American Excelsior CompanyÂŽ

Site Work Field Guide

A - 16

AEC - American Excelsior Company®

Site Work Field Guide

Curlex® CL Blankets Curlex® CL blankets consist of unique softly barbed, interlocking, curled, Aspen excelsior fibers. They are 100% free of any seeds.

Curlex® blankets are specifically designed to promote ideal growing conditions for seeds, while simultaneously protecting topsoil from wind and water erosion. Curlex® blankets are designed with a built-in swell factor - wet curled excelsior fibers slightly expand in thickness and interlock to form a strong fiber matrix. This allows the fibers to provide intimate contact with local terrain. Water flow is trained to follow the curled fiber matrix. The roughness of the curled excelsior matrix slows the velocity to a point where gravity takes over, which allows moisture to slowly seep into the topsoil to promote ideal growing conditions.

Curlex® Blankets

Curlex® blankets are available with a variety of environmentally sensitive and/or stronger netting types to match job site requirements.

We offer a green color-coded plastic netting for applications requiring UV resistance, strength, and longevity. Our photo-degradable Quick Mow™ netting is recommended for urban, golf course, and certain roadside projects. It is color-coded (white) to identify it as a rapid breakdown, polypropylene netting designed for use in areas to be mowed. Also available is our FibreNet™ - 100% biodegradable netting - for use in critical environmentally sensitive areas.

Curlex® NetFree™

Curlex® NetFree™ is a 100% biodegradable erosion blanket. Using the unique interlocking, curled, Great Lakes Aspen excelsior wood fibers stitched together with a 100% biodegradable thread allows the blanket to be manufactured without the use of plastic or jute nettings. Depending on job site requirements, the Curlex® NetFree™ blanket can bring a higher performance characteristic to your job site over conventional mulch mats, blown straw with plastic netting, or other single net straight fiber blankets. Curlex® NetFree™ excelsior blankets are available individually wrapped or in master packs to allow for mechanical unloading and stacking.

Curlex® RoadRunner™

RoadRunner™ is a patented system designed to allow one person to mechanically unload a flatbed of blankets on-site in less than one hour.

After unloading, just change to the installation mode and install with the most labor efficient system available. All you need to install RoadRunner™ ECBs is one operator and two to three persons to staple the blankets.

RoadRunner™ installation equipment allows you to minimize crew size and maximize labor efficiency by installing wider and longer ECBs. RoadRunners™ allow for a fast, smooth installation. Available colors are natural Aspen or QuickGRASS® (dyed green) for urban aesthetics. www.BrockWhite.ca

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AEC - American Excelsior Company®

Site Work Field Guide

Recyclex® TRM & Recyclex® TRM-V

Recyclex - the first permanent erosion control mat made from 100% recycled post-consumer goods - green or brown bottles. That is right, there are 20 bottles in every pound of Recyclex turf reinforcement mats (TRMs). American Excelsior Company invented the first biodegradable blanket, Curlex®, and we have done the same with recycled fibers to create Recyclex. Not only is Recyclex environmentally responsible, it is designed to meet your most difficult erosion control challenges. For long-term permanent erosion control, Recyclex is the answer.

Curlex® Heavy Duty Blankets

Heavy Duty Curlex Blankets, for long-term protection against wind and water erosion, are a natural choice in place of stone or riprap in swales, ditch bottoms, and on long, steep slopes.

Premier Straw®

All Huesker Minegrid Products: • MeetofMSHA specs for FRAS. Premier Straw ECBs are biodegradable ECBs consisting the finest straw fibers available. At a standard width of 8 feet,•which is 18ofinches Are made high-modulus Polyester, wider than conventional straw ECBs, our Premier Straw ECBs are (11% - 12%) means lower elongation specifically designed to provide you with the most effective installation less bagging and better skin control. widths available. Lightweight and easy to handle, you can rely on AEC and non-conductive.

• Are non-corrosive Premier Straw to hold its own in the everyday basic ECB applications.

• Conform to irregular surfaces and voids™better than steel mesh.

Premier Straw/Coconut™ & Premier Coconut

AEC Premier Straw/Coconut blend and AEC Premier Coconut ECBs are designed for mid to long-term erosion protection and vegetation establishment on slopes, channels, and shorelines.

AEC Premier Straw/Coconut ECB combines 70% straw with 30% coconut to create a longer life ECB than standard AEC Premier Straw® ECBs. The 100% AEC Premier Coconut ECB will provide a longer life, degradable ECB for severe applications or where special grasses need long-term protection. Both of these Premier products have longer duration, photodegradable, UV enhanced nettings on both sides. Our FibreNet™- 100% jute netting - is available for environmentally sensitive areas while maintaining performance standards

100% Biodegradable Options

The importance of using 100% biodegradable products is paramount with the environmental concerns and regulations we face today. Environmentally sensitive areas, shorelines, rivers, lakes, and streams are some of the focal points for protection erosion control applications, which may require a 100% biodegradable solution. Keeping soil on site is a concern for many engineers, developers, and contractors. Proper erosion control is important when working with a disturbed site. Selecting a product that fits the design parameters is crucial for a favorable outcome.

•Curlex® NetFree™ •Curlex® I FibreNet™ •Curlex® II FibreNet™ A - 18

•Curlex® III FibreNet™ •Curlex® High Velocity™ FibreNet™ •E-Staple®

•AEC Premier Straw® Single Net FibreNet™ •AEC Premier Straw® Double Net FibreNet™ •AEC Premier Straw/Coconut™ FibreNet™ •AEC Premier Coconut™ FibreNet™

Propex® Armormax™

® ™ Armormax Site WorkPropex Field Guide Site Work Field Guide

ARMORMAX ARMORMAX Anchor Reinforced Vegitation System ®

Anchor Reinforced Vegetation System ArmorMax Anchored Reinforced Vegetation System is the most advanced flexible armoring technology ArmorMax™ Anchored Reinforced Vegetation System is the most advanced flexible armoring technology available for severe erosion challenges.

The ArmorMax system can be used in non-structural applications available for Anchored severe erosion challenges.

The ArmorMax canadvanced be used in non-structural applications ArmorMax™ Reinforced Vegetation System is system the most flexible armoring technology where additional factors of safety are required, including protecting earthen levees from storm surge and where additional factors of safety are required, includingsystem protecting earthen levees from stormapplications surge and available for severe erosion challenges.

The ArmorMax can be used in non-structural wave overtopping and stream, river and canal banks from scour and erosion. In addition, this system is ideally where additional factors of safety are required, including from storm surge is and wave overtopping and stream, river and canal banks fromprotecting scour andearthen erosion.levees In addition, this system idesuited to protect storm water channels in arid and semi-arid environments where vegetation densities of wave overtopping andstorm stream, river and canal banks scour and erosion. Inwhere addition, this system is ideally ally suited to protect water channels in arid andfrom semi-arid environments vegetation densities of less than 30% coverage are anticipated. For structural applications, the system can be engineered to provide suited to 30% protect storm water channels in and semi-arid environments where densities of less than coverage are anticipated.

Forarid structural applications, the system canvegetation be engineered to provide surficial slope stabilization to resist shallow plane failures. Consisting of our woven three-dimensional High less thanslope 30% stabilization coverage aretoanticipated.

Forplane structural applications, the system canthree-dimensional be engineered to provide surficial resist shallow failures.

Consisting of our Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) with X3® fiber technology andwoven earth percussion anchors,High you surficial slopeTurf stabilization to resist shallow planewith failures.

Consisting of ourand woven three-dimensional Highyou Performance Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) X3® fiber technology earth percussion anchors, can count on the ArmorMax system to hold its ground. ® Performance Reinforcement Matto(HPTRM) X3 fiber technology and earth percussion anchors, you can count on Turf the ArmorMax system hold its with ground. can count on the ArmorMax system to hold its ground.

DURABLE FLEXIBLE ARMORING SYSTEM

WITHSTANDS EXTREME HYDRAULIC STRESSES

RESISTS NON-HYDRAULIC EVENT DAMAGE

SECURES NON-STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

STABALIZES STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

• •1st 1stgeneration generationturf turf • •2nd 2ndgeneration generationturf turf reinforcement reinforcementmats mats(TRMs) (TRMs) reinforcement reinforcementmats mats(TRMs) (TRMs) • •Moderate-flow Moderate-flow channels, channels,bank bank protection protectionand andsteep steep soil soilslopes slopes • •Up Uptoto1010years years

• •High Anchoredreinforced reinforced Highperformance performanceturf turfrere- • •Anchored inforcement vegetationsystem system inforcementmat mat(HPTRM) (HPTRM) vegetation consisting consistingofofHPTRM HPTRM&&earth earth • •Moderate-flow Moderate-flowchannels, channels,bank bank • •High-flow High-flowchannels, channels, percussion percussionanchors anchors protection and steep extreme slopes, pipe inlets & protection and steep extreme slopes, pipe inlets & soil outlets soilslopes slopeswhere wheregreater greater Earthenlevees levees&&stream, stream, outletsand andother otherarid/semiarid/semi- • •Earthen loading river loadingand/or and/orsurvivability survivabilityisis arid river&&canal canalbanks banks aridapplications applications required required • •Up • •Surfical Uptoto5050years years Surficalslope slopestabilization stabilization • •Up Uptoto2525years years • •Up Uptoto5050years yearsororgreater greater

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www.BrockWhite.ca

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Propex® Armormax™

ArmorMax™

Site Work Field Guide

Site Work Field Guide

ARMORMAX

® AARMORMAX RMORMAX™

Anchor Reinforced Vegitation System Anchored Vegetation System System AnchorReinforced Reinforced Vegetation Anchored System most ArmorMax™ is the WArmorMax OVEN TH RE EAnchored - D I ME NReinforced S IReinforced O N A L HPVegetation TRVegetation M P R OTE C System TIONis the Emost A Radvanced THadvanced P E R C Uflexible Sflexible S I O N armoring ANarmoring C H O R Stechnology TOtechnology SECURE available for severe erosion challenges. challenges.The The ArmorMax system can be be usedin innon-structural non-structural applications applications available for severe ArmorMax™ System is system the most technology LAYER FEAT UAnchored RI N G Xerosion 3 ®Reinforced F I B E R TE CVegetation HNOLOGYArmorMax THEcan Madvanced AT used TO T H flexible E G R O Uarmoring ND where additional factors of safety are required, including protecting earthen levees from storm surge and where additional factors of safety are required, includingsystem protecting earthen levees from stormapplications surge and available for severe erosion challenges.

The ArmorMax can be used in non-structural wave and stream, river and surface canal banks from scour and erosion.

In addition, this system is ideally Uniqueovertopping X3 fiber shape provides 40%are more Made corrosionlevees resistant aluminum alloy, gravity where additional factors of over safety required, including from storm surge and wave overtopping and stream, river and canal banks fromprotecting scour andofearthen erosion.

In addition, this system is idesuited toconventional protect storm water channels in aridsoil and semi-arid die environments where vegetation densities of area than fibers to capture the moisture, cast and heat treated to give considerable increase wave overtopping andstorm stream, river and canal banks scour and erosion. Inwhere addition, this system is ideally ally suited to protect water channels in arid andfrom semi-arid environments vegetation densities of less than 30% coverage are anticipated.

For structural applications, the system can be engineered to provide and forstorm rapid vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid inenvironments mechanical strength andvegetation both during of suited torequired protect water channels where densities lesswater than 30% coverage are anticipated.

For structural applications, the system can becurability engineered to provide surficial slope stabilization to resist shallow plane failures. Consisting of our woven three-dimensional High installationthe andsystem in service less thanslope 30% stabilization coverage aretoanticipated.

Forplane structural applications, canthree-dimensional be engineered to provide surficial resist shallow failures.

Consisting of our Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) with X3® fiber technology andwoven earth percussion anchors,High you surficial slopeTurf stabilization to resist shallow planewith failures.

Consisting of our woven three-dimensional High Performance Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) X3® fiber technology and earth percussion anchors, Connected to a threaded rod or stainless tendon to you can count on the ArmorMax system to hold its ground. ® Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) with X3 fiber technology and earth percussion anchors, can count on the ArmorMax system to hold its ground. fully enhance corrosion resistance particularly at the you can count on the ArmorMax system to hold its ground.

soil/air interface

As the load exerted on the soil by HPTRM the ArmorMax Exhibits extremely high tensile strength as well as system superior interlock and reinforcement capacity with both increases, a soil and root systems body of soil Maximum ultraviolet protection for long-term design life Earth percussion anchor above the and provides resistance to any Netless, rugged material construction stands up to the DURABLE FLEXIBLE RESISTS anchor is compressed WITHSTANDS STABALIZES SECURES movement — permanently securing the toughest ARMORING erosion applicationsEXTREME where high loading and/or high NON-HYDRAULICfurther anchor HYDRAULIC STRUCTURAL NON-STRUCTURAL SYSTEM EVENT DAMAGEmat to the ground survivability conditions are requiredSTRESSES APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Compressed soil

Plate

AR M OR M A X N O N - S T RU CT U RA L A P P LI C ATI ONS The figures below illustrate the ArmorMax system for non-structural applications. The system is comprised of the HPTRM and typically Type 2 earth percussion anchors.

LEVEE ARMORING

ARID/SEMI-ARID STORM WATER CHANNELS

CANAL, STREAM AND RIVER BANK PROTECTION

AR M OR M AX S T RU CT U RA L A P P LIC ATI ON The figures below illustrate the use of ArmorMax in a structural application for surficial slope stabilization. The system is comprised of the HPTRM and Type 1A or 1B earth percussion anchors as specified by the project engineer.

• 1st generation turf reinforcement mats (TRMs)

• 2nd generation turf reinforcement mats (TRMs)

• High performance turf reinforcement mat (HPTRM)

• Moderate-flow channels, bank protection and steep soil slopes

• Moderate-flow channels, bank protection and steep soil slopes where greater loading and/or survivability is required

• High-flow channels, extreme slopes, pipe inlets & outlets and other arid/semi- • Earthen levees & stream, river & canal banks arid applications

• Up to 10 years

SHALLOW PLANE FAILURE

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APPLY ARMORMAX SYSTEM

• Up to 25 years

• Up to 50 years

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• Anchored reinforced vegetation system consisting of HPTRM & earth percussion anchors

• Surfical slope stabilization

VEGETATION GROWTH

• Up to 50 years or greater

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Propex® Pyramat HPTRM

Site Work Field Guide

PYRAMAT HIGH PERFORMANCE TURF REINFORCEMENT MATS ®

Pyramat® High Performance Turf Reinforcement Mats (HPTRMs) feature our patented X3® fiber technology uniquely designed to lock soil in place. These mats are composed of a unique threedimensional matrix of polypropylene yarns woven into a uniform, dimensionally stable and homogenous configuration of pyramid-like structures. HPTRMs exhibit very high tensile strength as well as superior interlock and reinforcement capacity with both soil and root systems. They are especially designed for the toughest erosion applications where permanent solutions are required, including steep slopes, arid and semi-arid environments, pipe inlets and outlets, high-flow channels or areas where greater factors of safety are desired.

Features and Benefits • Ideal for extended ultraviolet (UV) exposure, utility cuts, maintenance equipment traffic, pipe inlets and outlets and other high vehicular loadings • Pyramid structure featuring X3 fiber technology delivers higher sediment capture and retention capabilities • X3 cross-sectional area for additional tensile strength and flexiblity • Holds seed and soil in place on channels and slopes while vegetation grows • Provides permanent reinforcement to enhance vegetation’s natural ability to filter soil particles and prevent soil loss during storm events.

• Vegetation solution providing more pleasing aesthetics than conventional methods (i.e. rock riprap and concrete paving) • Flexibility allows mat to conform to subgrade easier • Superior product testing and performance.

PYRAMAT® HPTRMs PRODUCT FAMILY TABLE PRODUCT

FUNCTIONAL LONGETIVITY

COLOR

FIBER TYPE

# OF NETS

FP - 03, SECTION 713 COMPLIANCE

PRODUCT PRODUCT

FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL LONGETIVITY LONGETIVITY

COLOR COLOR

FIBER TYPE FIBER TYPE

# OF NETS # OF NETS

FP - 03, FP - 03,713 SECTION SECTION 713 COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE

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Propex® Landlok® TRM

Site Work Field Guide

LANDLOK TURF REINFORCEMENT MATS Landlok Turf Reinforcement Mats are constructed of a dense web of crimped, interlocking polypropylene fibers positioned between two biaxially oriented nets. All of our TRMs have 100% synthetic, ultraviolet (UV) - stabilized components and feature our patented X3 fiber technology, which provides 40 percent greater surface area for trapping and protecting seed and soil. Unlike ECBs, these flexible, three-dimensional reinforcement systems remain a permanent part of your application, anchoring mature plants to the soil for superior, longterm erosion resistance.

Features and Benefits • Provides permanent turf reinforcement to enhance vegetation’s natural ability to filter soil particles and prevent soil loss during storm events • 100% synthetic and UV-stabilized components for long-term performance • Utilizes X3 fiber technology for up to 40% greater surface area to protect emerging seed lings and sediment retention • More aesthetically pleasing than conventional methods (i.e. rock riprap and concrete paving) • Superior product testing and performance • Nationwide distribution network for easy availabliity • Easier installation than conventional solutions (no heavy equipment required)

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PRODUCT

COLOR

FIBER TYPE

# OF NETS

FHWA FP-03 SECTION 713 COMPLIANCE

PRODUCT PRODUCT

COLOR COLOR

FIBER TYPE FIBER TYPE

# OF NETS # OF NETS

FHWA FP-03 FHWA FP-03 SECTION 713 SECTION 713 COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE

HUESKER Fortrac 3D®

Site Work Field Guide

Fortrac 3D®

The optimum reinforcement for preventing soil layer slippage - with erosion protection.

Fortrac 3D® is a further development of the renowned Fortrac® geogrid and is used for slope stabilization, veneer stability and turf reinforcement. Fortrac 3D® is a flexible, three-dimensional reinforcement grid manufactured from high-tensile strength, creep resistant yarns with a three dimensional structure that enhances its interaction with soil. The geogrid is given a special polymer coating to protect it from UV exposure and installation damage. Its well understood long-term properties allow Fortrac 3D® to be designed for the specific period of use required for each project.

Typical applications •Soil reinforcement parallel to the slope edge •Turf reinforcement mat Soil Reinforcement parallel to the slope edge The high tensile strength of this geogrid means Fortrac 3D® provides optimum reinforcement against soil layer slips parallel to the slope. These slips often occur in road embankments between topsoil and the compacted embankment core or with thin soil layers capping landfill sites. The effect can be accelerated by water entry and the build up of excess pore water pressures.

The structure of Fortrac 3D® improves soil retention at the critical planes of contact while its strength transmits the generated forces to the anchorage points. This increases the stability of the earthworks and permits the use of construction methods that are both safe and economical.

Turf reinforcement mat Thanks to its remarkable three-dimensional structure, Fortrac 3D® exhibits excellent soil retention properties, which when combined with vegetation significantly increases resistance to soil erosion. Fine soil particles are held in place until the vegetation has had time to establish a root structure. This characteristic is particularly important where there are rapid movements of surface water.

Fortrac 3D® is also used for bank protection, in rainwater retention ponds, along waterway banks (sometimes in combination with bitumen-bound aggregate) and for greening steep slopes using hydroseeding.

www.BrockWhite.ca

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HUESKER Fortrac 3D®

Site Work Field Guide Use

With appropriate design, Fortrac 3D® can form the basis for safe and economic construction methods - it is also an effective means of reinstating soil slips.

Projects incorporating Fortrac 3D® with various geometries, soils and sealing systems have already been designed and completed. The flexibility of Fortrac 3D®, its robustness and simplicity of installation contribute greatly to its successful use.

The design parameters used by HUESKER have been verified in exhaustive laboratory tests. High coefficients of friction confirm effective composite action.

Tested and proven properties

Extensive shear and pull-out tests have proven the product’s excellent composite action with soils.

Interaction coefficients greater than 1.0 confirm optimum composite action with the surrounding soil. The use of Fortrac 3D® prevents the formation of new potential slip surfaces. The low-creep behavior of all Fortrac®products has been proved in extensive tests. Practical trials indicate only low reduction factors need be applied to model damage caused during installation.

UV resistance is high due to the polymer coating and Fortrac 3D® is resistant to natural substances found in soils.

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Invisible Structures - Terratame2

Site Work Field Guide

Terratame2 grass reinforcement mesh is a thick plastic mesh supplied in a roll that is installed directly onto existing grass or soil. Terratame2 is designed to protect, reinforce and stabilize the ground against damage caused by traffic (pedestrian and vehicular), water (scour), and erosion. Terratame2 protects areas prone to wear, rutting and muddy surfaces. Terratame2 plastic mesh reinforcement has an oscillated mesh structure which is designed to increase grip and reduce slip.

• Contains the formation of ruts • Protects the grass and soil • Inexpensive and easy to install

• Recyclable • Excellent aesthetic impact • Use for parking, erosion and scour protection

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Invisible Structures - Grasspave2 & Gravelpave2

Site Work Field Guide

Grasspave2 porous paving allows you to park, drive, walk, ride, or lounge on a beautiful grass surface. It performs the functions of asphalt or concrete pavement, but with the aesthetics of a lawn – all while enhancing the environment.

Gravelpave2 porous paving allows you to park, drive, walk, or ride on a beautiful decorative gravel surface.

Gravelpave2 is a structure to provide heavy load bearing support and true containment of gravel to create a porous surface with unlimited traffic volume and/or duration time for parking. The system can be used for storage and filtration of rainwater.

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Flexamat

Site Work Field Guide

Prevent Erosion & Protect Shorelines with Flexamat High strength flexible hard armour against erosion Flexamat is a tied concrete block mat consisting of concrete shapes locked together with a high strength polypropylene grid.

Benefits

• Shipped in rolls, providing easy & efficient installation • Multiple uses: erosion prevention, roadside, drainage, & more • Produced onsite, reducing costs - typically cheaper than rock • Environmentally friendly - allows vegetation growth • Capable of handling high flow water runoff • Easy maintenance, mow right over Flexamat!

• Cleanses the water sediments and water runs clear

Flexamat Properties

Roll Widths: 5.5 ft, 8 ft, 10 ft, 16 ft & 17 ft Roll Lengths: 30 ft, 40 ft, and 50 ft Mats: 4 ft x 4 ft Material Weight: 10 LBS / Sq Ft Block Size: 6.5 in x 6.5 in x 2 in Spacing Between Blocks: 1.5 in Shipped in rolls, providing easy & efficient installation Installation of Flexamat

FLEXAMAT ALONG STREAM BANK

BEFORE

AFTER

FLEXAMAT ALONG ROADWAY

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Flexamat

Site Work Field Guide

ca.BrockWhite.com/Flexamat

Find the branch nearest you at ca.BrockWhite.com/Locations or visit ca.BrockWhite.com/Flexamat for more information.

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Sediment Logs, Silt Savers, Silt Bags

Site Work Field Guide

Silt Savers A better way to a cleaner environment!

The patented Silt-Saver Frame is construction of partially recycled, high molecular weight, high density polyethylene copolymer. This material has super stress crack resistance combined with high impact strength and rigidity.

The patented Silt Saver Filter is designed to custom fit each frame and is constructed of non-woven polyester, needle punched and heat-set to provide durability. This material was chosen for its ability to provide consistent and continuous filtration under every day job site conditions. The woven high visibility green filter top not only provides the visible safety but also provides a higher flow for the unexpected rain events.

www.BrockWhite.ca

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Silt Fence

Site Work Field Guide

Silt Fence Brock White is pleased to introduce two new silt fence styles to our product line. Joining the successful AGES 600 G (green) are new orange (600S) and black (600B) versions. Available in 18”, 36”, 48”, 60” and 96” widths, these highly UV stabilized fabrics are designed to withstand extreme environmental conditions. All three versions are manufactured in Canada to meet AASHTO M-288 standards for silt fence usage. The high-grade 600G version is fabricated with reinforcement strips at 8” intervals to offer superior fastening to posts and to maintain higher wind resistance.

All versions are available in master rolls of 1640 ft. or fabricated with wood posts or wire reinforcement for added stability. For more information, contact your local Brock White branch or visit our website at www.brockwhite.ca.

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Turbidity Curtains

Site Work Field Guide

Turbidity Curtains

Floating Silt Containment Barriers

Turbidity curtains (also known as turbidity barriers or silt curtains) are “in-water silt fences� that are designed to restrict, or prevent the migration of suspended sediments in a body of water. Turbidity curtains are manufactured to site-specific requirements, taking into account such variables as depth and length of the curtain, required permeability of the skirt, water flow rate,length of time the curtain is to be utilized, and tidal or current specifics.

Turbidity curtains are used when there is the potential for construction to cause sedimentation of an adjacent water body.

They are also an excellent barrier for dredge and dragline operations in open water. The floats provide effective containment for floating debris, and with the addition of an oil absorbent float can contain hydrocarbons and other surface contaminant.

AGES Turbidity curtains consist of a heat sealed, high strength PVC coated polyester floatation cover enclosing closed cell polyethylene floats, a geotextile skirt, and a ballast chain. A top tension cable is added for increased overall strength. Floats are available in a variety of fabrics. AGES Turbidity curtains are made to withstand extreme conditions.

Turbidity curtains are availalbe for either purchase or rental, and all turbidity curtains may be modified to meet your specific needs.

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AEC - American Excelsior Company® Curlex Bloc

Site Work Field Guide

Curlex Bloc Alternative to coir logs!

Curlex Blocs are designed to provide initial stability of shorelines and streambanks by buffering wave action and flow velocity.

• Designed to be functional for 3+ years.

• Naturally seed free and non toxic.

• Ideal growing medium for plants.

The Curlex matrix provides an ideal growing medium for plants. Curlex Blocs' unique flat footprint provides more intimate contact with subgrade as compared to traditional tubular shore products such as coir logs and compost socks. Curlex Blocs may be installed over bare soil or over rolled erosion control products.

Secondary applications for Curlex Blocs include around inlets and outlets, around jobsites for perimeter control, runoff diversion, or in other applications when a damming product is desired. Curlex Blocs are available palletized to minimize material handling requirements. Custom dimensions, lengths, and densities are optional based upon material availability and sample approval.

A - 32

American Excelsior Company

Site Work Field Guide

www.BrockWhite.ca

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American Excelsior Company

Site Work Field Guide

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Propex Landlok & TRMs Propex Landlok & TRMs Propex & TRMs InstallationLandlok Guidelines

Installation Guidelines Site Work Field Guide

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES For LandLok® TRMs and Pyramat® HPTRMs

Before you Begin ItBefore is important to follow these installation guidelines for a successful project. you Begin Before you Begin It is important to follow these for a successful project.project (Note: (Note: Construction shall beinstallation performedguidelines in accordance with the specific It is important to follow these installation guidelines for a successful project. (Note: Construction shall be performed in accordance with the specific project bid we bid documents, construction drawings, and specifications).

In addition, Construction shall be performed in accordance with the specific project bid documents, drawings, and specifications).

In construction addition, we suggest thata suggest that construction a pre-installation meeting be held with the team and documents, construction drawings, and specifications).

In addition, we suggest that a pre-installation meeting be held with the construction team and a representative representative from Propex.

Propex that installation of our a pre-installation meeting be held withsuggests the construction team andmonitoring a representative from Propex. Propex from Propex.

Propex be performed by a qualified independent third party.

TRMs and HPTRMs suggests that installation monitoring of our TRMs and HPTRMs be performed by a suggests that installation monitoring of our TRMs and HPTRMs be performed by a qualified independent third party.

qualified independent third party.

Site Preparation • Grade and compact area of TRM/HPTRM installation as directed and approved Site Preparation Site Preparation

by Engineer.

Subgrade shall be uniform and smooth. Remove all rocks, clods, • Grade and compact area of TRM/HPTRM installation as directed and approved by •vegetation Grade and or compact area of TRM/HPTRM installation as directed and approved by other objects the installed mat will have direct contact Engineer. Subgrade shall beso uniform and smooth.

Remove all rocks, clods,with soil Engineer.

Subgrade shall be uniform and smooth.

Remove all rocks, clods, surface. vegetation or other objects so the installed mat will have direct contact with soil vegetation or other objects so the installed mat will have direct contact with soil surface. seedbed by loosening the top 2-3 inches minimum of soil • Prepare surface.

Prepare seedbed by loosening top 2-3 minimum of wet soil ••• Incorporate amendments suchthe as lime andinches fertilizer and/or Prepare seedbed by loosening the top 2-3 inches minimum of soil the soil if needed.

• Incorporate amendments such as lime and fertilizer and/or wet the soil if needed.

•• Do not mulch areas where matasislime to beand placed.

Incorporate amendments such fertilizer and/or wet the soil if needed.

• Do not mulch areas where mat is to be placed.

• Do not mulch areas where mat is to be placed.

Seeding •Seeding Apply seed to soil surface before installing mat. Disturbed areas shall be Seeding •reseeded.

Apply seed to soil surface before installing mat. Disturbed areas shall be reseeded.

• Apply seed to soil surface before installing mat. Disturbed areas shall be reseeded.

When soil install thethe mat, apply seed andand thenthen soil-fill.

••• When soil filling, filling,first first install mat, apply seed soil-fill.

When soil filling, first install the mat, apply seed and then soil-fill.

• Consult project plans and/or specifications for seed types and application rates.

•• Consult projectplans plansand/or and/orspecifications specifications seed types application rates.

Consult project forfor seed types andand application rates.

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C- 5 C- 5 A - 35

Propex Landlok & TRMs Propex Landlok & TRMs Propex Landlok & TRMs

Installation Site WorkGuidelines Field Guide Installation Guidelines Installation for Landlok® TRMs and Pyramat® HPTRMs on Stable Soil Slopes • Excavate a 12” x 6” minimum longitudinal anchor trench 2-3 ft. over crest of slope.

• Install top end of mat into trench and secure to bottom using suggested ground anchoring devices spaced every 12” Installation on Stable Soilminimum.

Slopes Backfill and compact soil into trench.

Installation on Stable Soil Slopes • Excavate 12” x 6” minimum longitudinal anchor trench 2-3 ft. over crest of slope.

• Unroll mata slope.

Landlok 1051 shall have the geotextile on bottom.

• Excavate a down 12” x 6” minimum longitudinal anchor trench 2-3 ft. over crest of slope.

• Install top end of mat into trench and secure to bottom using suggested ground anchoring

• Install top shall end of into trenchand andanchored secure toevery bottom suggested anchoring • Overlaps bemat 6” minimum 18”using minimum alongground the overlap.

Secure devices spaced every 12” minimum. Backfill and compact soil into trench. using suggested devices shown below appropriate frequency devices ground spaced anchoring every 12” minimum.

Backfill andfor compact soil into trench. and pattern. are shingled winds.

• Unroll matOverlaps down slope.

Landlokaway 1051from shallprevailing have the geotextile on bottom.

• Unroll mat down slope. Landlok 1051 shall have the geotextile on bottom.

• Overlaps shall 6” minimum and anchored every with 18” minimum along overlap.surface Secure • Unroll mat in abe manner to maintain direct contact soil. Secure matthe to ground • Overlaps shall be 6” minimum and anchored every 18” minimum along the overlap. Secure using suggested ground anchoring devices shown below for appropriate frequency and using ground anchoring devices. using suggested ground anchoring devices shown below for appropriate frequency and

pattern. Overlaps are shingled away from prevailing winds. pattern. Overlaps are shingled away from prevailing winds.

• Unroll mat in a manner to maintain direct contact with soil. Secure mat to ground surface • Unroll mat in a manner to maintain direct contact with soil. Secure mat to ground surface using ground anchoring devices.

• Place bottom end of mat into key anchor trench at toe of slope and secure to bottom of using ground anchoring devices. trench using suggested groundtrench anchoring devices spaced every 12” minimum. Backfill and • Excavate a 12” x 6” key anchor at toe of slope • Excavate a 12” x 6” key anchor trench at toe of slope compact soil into trench.

• Place bottom end of mat into key anchor trench at toe of slope and secure to bottom of • Place bottom end of mat into key anchor trench at toe of slope and secure to bottom of trench using suggested ground anchoring devices spaced every 12” minimum. Backfill and • If theusing potential for standing and/or flowing water spaced exists atevery the toe slope, theBackfill key anchor trench suggested ground anchoring devices 12”ofminimum. and compact intotoe trench. trench soil at the detail is not sufficient. Consult the project engineer for the appropriate compact soil into trench.

• Ifdetail. the potential for standing and/or flowing water exists at the toe of slope, the key anchor • If the potential for standing and/or flowing water exists at the toe of slope, the key anchor trench at the toe detail is not sufficient. Consult the project engineer for the appropriate trench at the toe detail is sufficient. Consult the projectDo engineer for the appropriate • Irrigate as necessary tonot establish/maintain vegetation. not over-irrigate. detail. detail.

• Irrigate as necessary to establish/maintain vegetation. Do not over-irrigate.

• Irrigate as necessary to establish/maintain vegetation. Do not over-irrigate.

• Excavate a 12” x 6” key anchor trench at toe of slope

Figure Figure1.

1.

Figure 1.

Installation Installationof Installation ofof permanent permanentturf turf permanent turf reinforcement reinforcementmat mat reinforcement mat on onslope slope on slope --Overlaps Overlaps6” 6”min. min.

- Overlaps 6” min.

--Space anchors Spaceanchors anchors18” 18” - Space 18” along overlaps along overlaps along overlaps down downthe theslope slope down the slope --Anchor pattern shall Anchor pattern shall - Anchor pattern shall be accordance bein accordance be ininaccordance with withthe the“anchor “anchor with the “anchor pattern guide” pattern guide” pattern guide” C -A 6 C - 6 - 36

Propex Propex Landlok TRMs PropexLandlok Landlok&& &TRMs TRMs

Site Work Field Guide Installation Guidelines Installation Guidelines Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Longitudinal Longitudinal anchor anchor trench at top of slope trench at top of slope

-- space space anchors anchors 12” 12” along along bottom bottom of of trench trench

Figure Figure 3.

3.

Key Key anchor anchor trench trench at at toe toe of of slope slope

Installation for Landlok® TRMs and Pyramat® HPTRMs in Water inInstallation Storm Water Channels Installation in Storm Storm Water Channels Channels Excavate an initial anchor trench trench 12” ••• Excavate 12” min. min.deep deepand and12” 12”min. min.wide wideacross acrossthe thechannel channelat Excavate an an initial initial anchor 12” min. deep and 12” min. wide across the channel atat downstream downstream end end of of project. project.Deeper Deeper initial initialanchor anchortrench trenchis neededin channelsthat thathave have downstream end of project.

Deeper initial anchor trench isisneeded needed ininchannels channels that have the to scour. thepotential potential scour. the potential toto scour.

Excavate longitudinal 12” ••• Excavate longitudinal min.deep deepand and6” 6”min. min.wide widealong alongboth bothsides sidesof Excavate longitudinal anchor anchor trenches trenches 12” 12” min. min. deep and 6” min. wide along both sides ofof the to bury edges of mat.

The trench shall be located 2-3ft. over crest of theinstallation installation bury edges mat.

The trench shall located 2-3ft. over crest of slope. the installation to to bury edges of of mat.

The trench shall bebe located 2-3ft. over crest of slope. slope.

•• Place roll end into the initial anchor anchor trenchand and securewith with anchoringdevices devices at12” 12” min.

• Place roll roll end into the initial initial anchor trench trench and secure secure with anchoring anchoring devices at at 12” min. min. intervals.

Position adjacent rolls and secure in anchor trench in same manner.

Backfill and intervals.

Position adjacent rolls and secure in anchor trench in same manner.

Backfill intervals. Position adjacent rolls and secure in anchor trench in same manner. Backfill and and compact soil into trench. compact soil into trench. compact soil into trench.

•• Unroll mat in the upstream direction direction over the the compactedtrench. trench.

• Unroll Unroll mat mat in in the the upstream upstream direction over over the compacted compacted trench.

• Continue installation as described above, overlapping adjacent rolls as follows: Roll edge •• Continue installation as described above, overlapping adjacent rolls as Roll edge Continue installation as described above,with overlapping adjacent as follows: follows: Roll on edge 6”min. min.with with upslopemat mat ontop. top.Secure Secure onerow rowof ofground groundrolls anchoring devices 12” 6” upslope on with one anchoring devices on 12” 6” min. with upslope mat on top.

Secure with one row of ground anchoring devices on 12” min. intervals.

Roll end 12” min. with upstream mat on top.

Secure with two rows of ground min. intervals. intervals. Roll Roll end end 12” 12” min. min. with with upstream upstream mat mat on on top. top. Secure Secure with two rows of ground min. anchoring devices staggered 12” min. apart on12” 12” min. intervals.with two rows of ground anchoring anchoring devices devices staggered staggered 12” 12” min. min. apart apart on on 12” min. min. intervals. intervals.

• Fold and secure mat rolls snugly into intermittent check slots. Lay mat in the bottom and •• Fold and mat rolls snugly into check slots. mat in the bottom Fold and secure secure rolls snuglythrough into intermittent intermittent check slots. Lay Lay matat in1ft. the intervals bottom and and fold back againstmat itself.

Anchor both layers of blanket or mat then fold back against itself.

Anchor through both layers of blanket or mat at 1ft. intervals then fold backand against itself.

Anchor through bothupstream layers ofover blanket or mat at 1ft.slot intervals then backfill compact soil.

Continue rolling the compacted to the next backfill and and compact compact soil. soil. Continue Continue rolling rolling upstream upstream over over the the compacted compacted slot slot to to the the next next backfill check slot slot or or terminal terminalanchor anchortrench. trench.Check Checkslots slotsare areplaced placedat at25 25toto30ft.

30ft.intervals intervals check check slot or terminal anchor trench.

Check slots are placed at 25 to 30ft. intervals perpendicular to toflow. flow. perpendicular perpendicular to flow.

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AC 7 C- --37 7

Propex Landlok & TRMs

Site Work Field Guide Installation in Storm Water Channels (continued) • Alternative method to the intermittent check slot is the simulated check slot.

This method includes placing two staggered rows of anchors on 4” centers at 30ft. intervals.

• Excavate terminal anchor trench 12” wide x 12” deep min. across the channel at the upstream end of the project. Deeper terminal Figure 4. Installation of TRMs & HPTRMs in storm water channels anchor trench is needed in channels that have the potential for scour.

• Anchor, backfill & compact upstream end of mat in 12x12” min. terminal anchor trench. Unroll mat in downstream direction over compacted trench with a minimum 2ft. lap.

• Secure mat using suggested ground anchoring devices for appropriate frequency and pattern Figure 5. Initial anchor trench (downstream) detail

• Seed and fill with soil for enhanced performance.

• When using Landlok 1051, seed after installing mat and then fill with soil.

• Irrigate as necessary to establish/ maintain vegetation. Do not over irrigate.

Figure 6. Longitudinal anchor trench detail

A - 38

NOTE: If you encounter roll with factory overlap, install factory seam such that it shingles in the direction of the flow of water.

Propex Landlok & TRMs

Site Work Field Guide

Figure 7. Overlap at roll edge

Figure 8. Overlap at roll end

Figure 9. Intermittent check slot (channels)

Figure 10. Simulated check slot

Figure 11. Terminal anchor trench (upstream) detail

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A - 39

Propex Propex Landlok Landlok & & TRMs TRMs Installation Propex Landlok & TRMs Installation Guidelines Guidelines

C C --

Site Work Field Guide

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES For Landlok® TRMs and Pyramat® HPTRMs Special Transition Guidelines

Special Special Transition Transition Guidelines Guidelines

Rock Riprap Rock Rock Riprap Riprap • Excavate an anchor trench12” 12” x 12” min atatthe transition betweenthethe mat &the riprap •• Excavate xx 12” the mat rock Excavate an an anchor anchor trench trench 12” 12” minimum minimum at the transition transition between between the mat and and the rock riprap • Place ripraproll end into anchor trench and secure with suggested anchoring devices at 12” ••minimum Place into trench and with suggested anchoring at intervals.

Position rolls and secure in anchor devices trench in same manner.

Place roll roll end end into anchor anchor trenchadjacent and secure secure with suggested anchoring devices at 12” 12” minimum intervals.

Position adjacent rolls and secure in anchor trench in same manner. minimum intervals.

Position adjacent rolls and secure in anchor trench in same manner.

• Backfill the anchor trench with rock riprap •• Backfill Backfill the the anchor anchor trench trench with with rock rock riprap riprap

Concrete Concrete • Concrete Alternative 1: Concrete Apron. Place ready mixed concrete directly onto a minimum 3ft. wide •• Alternative Alternative 1: 1: Concrete Concrete Apron.

Apron. Place Place ready ready mixed mixed concrete concrete directly directly onto onto a a 3ft.

3ft. wide wide minimum strip of mat. minimum strip of mat. strip of mat.

•• Alternative an anchor trench 12” 12” at of concrete • Alternative 2:Excavate Excavate anchor trench 12” minimum at the edge of the Alternative 2: 2: Excavate anan anchor trench 12” xx12” 12”xminimum minimum at the the edge edge of the the concrete structure.

Place roll end into anchor trench and secure with suggested anchoring devices structure.structure.

Place roll end intoroll anchor and secure withand suggested devices at at concrete Place end trench into anchor trench secure anchoring with suggested 12” intervals.

Position adjacent rolls in trench in same manner.

12” minimum minimum intervals.

Position adjacentintervals. rolls and and secure secure in anchor anchor trench in and samesecure manner. anchoring devices at 12” minimum Position adjacent rolls in Backfill Backfill trench trench with with concrete concrete slurry. slurry. trench in same manner.

Backfill trench with concrete slurry.

••anchor Alternative Alternative 3: 3: Bolt Bolt to to Structure Structure (HPTRMs (HPTRMs Only) Only) Cast Cast threaded threaded dowel dowel in in fresh fresh ready ready mix mix concrete or install expanding bolt into cured concrete.

Then affix HPTRM with • Alternative 3: Bolt to Structure (HPTRMs Only) Cast threaded dowel in fresh ready concrete or install expanding bolt into cured concrete. Then affix HPTRM with washer washer (minimum 2” or and bolt. mix concrete install expanding bolt into cured concrete. Then affix HPTRM with (minimum 2” in inordiameter) diameter) or batten batten strip strip and bolt. washer (minimum 2” in diameter) or batten strip and bolt.

Pipe Pipe Inlets/Outlets Inlets/Outlets (HPTRMs (HPTRMs Only) Only)

• Review the construction drawings and project specifications to evaluate the required area to

• Review the construction drawings and project specifications to evaluate the required area to Pipe Inlets/Outlets (HPTRMs Only) be treated. be treated.

• Review the construction drawings and project specifications to evaluate the required •• Excavate Excavate an an anchor anchor trench trench 12” 12” xx 12” 12” minimum minimum above above the the pipe pipe to to bury bury end end of of HPTRM HPTRM roll. roll. area to be treated.

The trench shall be located a minimum 2-3ft. above the pipe inlet/outlet.

The trench shall be located a minimum 2-3ft. above the pipe inlet/outlet.

•• Backfill in • Excavate ancompact anchor soil trench 12” x 12” minimum above the pipe to bury end of HPTRM Backfill and and compact soil in trench. trench.

••roll.

Cut HPTRM to meet project requirements, slope length pipe diameter. trench shallproject be located a minimum above the pipe inlet/outlet.

Cut The HPTRM to meet requirements, slope 2-3ft. length and and pipe diameter.

•• Unroll HPTRM down the slope and secure around pipe circumference with Unroll HPTRM down the slope and secure around pipe circumference with ground ground anchoring anchoring • Backfill and compact soil in trench. devices spaced 6” minimum.

Also, the HPTRM can be secured around the pipe in a 12” x 12” devices spaced 6” minimum.

Also, the HPTRM can be secured around the pipe in a • Cut HPTRM to filled meetwith project requirements, slope length and pipe diameter. 12” x 12” minimum trench concrete slurry. minimum trench filled with concrete slurry.

• Unroll HPTRM down the slope and secure around pipe circumference with ground anchoring devices spaced 6” minimum. Also, the HPTRM can be secured around the Ground Ground Anchoring Anchoring Devices Devices ••pipe Ground anchoring are to mat to using in a 12” x 12”devices minimum trench filled the with concrete slurry.

Ground anchoring devices are used used to secure secure the mat to the the soil soil using the the suggested suggested anchor anchor

device device at at a a minimum minimum frequency frequency and and pattern. pattern.

•• U-shaped wire staples or metal U-shaped wire staples or metal geotextile geotextile pins pins can can be be used used to to anchor anchor mat mat to to the the ground ground Ground Anchoring Devices surface.

Wire staples should be a minimum thickness of 8 gauge.

Metal pins surface.

Wire staples should be a minimum thickness of 8 gauge.

Metal pins • Ground anchoring devices are used to secure the mat to the soil using the suggested should should be be at at least least 0.20” 0.20” diameter diameter steel steel with with a a 1.5” 1.5” steel steel washer washer at at the the head head of of the the pin. pin. Wire Wire anchor device at apins minimum frequency and pattern. staples and metal should be driven slush to the soil surface.

All anchors should staples and metal pins should be driven slush to the soil surface. All anchors should be be between and have sufficient ground penetration resist • U-shaped wirelong staples metal geotextile can be to used topullout. anchorLonger mat toanchors the ground between 6-24” 6-24” long and or have sufficient groundpins penetration to resist pullout.

Longer anchors may for soils.

Heavier metal may rocky surface.

Wire staples should a minimum thickness ofrequired 8 gauge.in pins should may be be required required for loose loose soils.be Heavier metal stakes stakes may be be required in Metal rocky soils. soils.

be at least 0.20” diameter steel with a 1.5” steel washer at the head of the pin. Wire staples and metal pins should be driven slush to the soil surface. All anchors should be between 6-24” long and have sufficient ground penetration to resist pullout. Longer anchors may be required for loose soils. Heavier metal stakes may be required in rocky soils.

10 10 A - 40

Propex Landlok & TRMs

Site Work Field Guide Table 1. Suggested ground anchoring device selection.

Table 2. Suggested lengths of ground anchoring devices.

Anchor Pattern Guide

The shaded areas in the diagram provide anchor suggestions based on slope gradient and/or anticipated flow conditions. When the correct number of anchors has been determined, refer to the four illustrations below to establish anchor pattern.

Increased anchoring may be required depending upon site conditions.

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A - 41

A - 42

Rip Rap to high water elev.

A Division of Brock White Canada Company

TM

Silt fence

Where ditches present install sediment logs to dissipate flow and collect silt

DETAIL E

Road

Silt fence

Bridge

DETAIL H

Road

Sedimentation Pond (1m depth)

DETAIL I

Sediment Logs secured at outlet.

NTS

Note: Details shown are typical and may need to be modified to suit field situations. Please use this plan as a guide to implement the suitable components.

Note: Additional Silt Fence should be utilized in all areas where construction activities may leave disturbed areas exposed and subject to erosion.

This is especially important close to stream areas.

DETAIL G

Silt Fence

Figure 1: Erosion/Sediment Control

1 - 4m x 1m x 1m gabion basket retention wing

DETAIL F

Flow

Typical Bridge Approach Zones

Note: Where significant amounts of runoff collected by ditches, utilize sedimentation ponds to slow flow and deposit sediment before flowing from right of way into treed areas.

Site Work Field Guide Drawings & Detail Plans

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600 mm

A Division of Brock White Canada Company

TM

DETAIL J: Silt Fence Standard Detail

Note: Silt Fence flap anchored in key trench or buried to prevent underflow.

600 mm

wooden posts or steel “T”- posts

200 mm key trench

Figure 2: Supported Silt Fence

NTS

Fabric clipped to page wire at 450mm interval along top mid point and bottom

DETAIL K: Wire Supported Silt Fence

Optional 1”x 2” Strapping

32” page wire with AGES Premium woven Silt Fence

Site Work Field Guide

Drawings & Detail Plans

A - 43

A - 44

A Division of Brock White Canada Company

TM

- Use of a reinforced fence is recommended for applications with high flow volume, adverse soil conditions (including heaving), high wind conditions, or any other environmental or construction condition that would make the fence susceptible to failure.

- The trench is then backfilled and the soil is compacted over the filter fabric to ensure that no gaps exist between the ground and fabric.

Silt fences do not work without proper trenching and compacted backfill.

- Post spacing shall be 2m-3m, based on the strength of the fabric used.

- Filter fabric shall not be stapled to existing trees.

- Fabric should be attached to the posts with three diagonal ties (plastic or wire).

- The fabric must be extended into the trench and stapled or wired directly to the posts. If reinforced fence is being used, then the fabric must be stapled or wired to the page wire.

- Posts should be utilized, properly spaced and driven into compacted soil. If a fence reinforced with page wire is required, 6’ steel t-posts are used. Otherwise, wooden posts are used.

-A key trench must be excavated along the the contour on the upslope side of the barrier.

- The ends of the fence should be turned uphill.

- The fence line shall follow the contour of the slope as closely as possible.

- Silt fences placed at the toe of a slope shall be set at least 6 feet (1.8 m) from the toe in order to Increase ponding volume.

- To minimize erosion, install silt fence at the head of a slope to slow velocity and create a large storage area.

- The height of a silt fence shall not exceed 36 inches (0.9 m).

Storage height and ponding height shall never exceed 18 inches (0.5 m).

Construction Specifications:

3) CONSTRUCT SECOND LEG

SLOPE DIRECTION

1) CONSTRUCT FIRST LEG

SLOPE DIRECTION

Figure 4:

Silt Fence Installation

- Silt fences shall be removed when they have served their useful purpose, but not before the upslope area has been permanently stabilized and any sediment stored behind the silt fence has been removed.

- Sediment should be removed when it reaches 1/3 height of the fence of 9 inches (0.3 m) maximum - The removed sediment shall conform to the existing grade and be vegetated or otherwise stabilized.

- Silt fences and filter barriers shall be inspected weekly and after each significant storm (1 inch, or 24.5 mm) in 24 hours. Any required repairs shall be made immediately.

Inspection and Maintenance:

Attaching Two Sections of Silt Fencing: 1) The end post of the second fence must first be placed inside the end post of the first.

2) Rotate the posts clockwise together at least 100o to create a seal.

3) Both posts must be driven into the ground and the flap buried at a depth of about 25 cm

2) CONSTRUCT MAIN DAM

SLOPE DIRECTION

SLOPE DIRECTION

Smile Formation

Drawings & Detail Plans

Site Work Field Guide

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de

A Division of Brock White Canada Company

TM

Standard Spacing

Ditch G ra

Level

ad o R

Typical Sediment Log Ditch Application

Flow

Figure 3: Ditch Sediment Control

Wooden Stakes

NTS

Site Work Field Guide

Drawings & Detail Plans

A - 45

AEC - American Excelsior Company

Site Work Field Guide

NOTES: 1. Spacing of curlex Sediment Logs is Calculated by: [Distance between channel botton and top of installed Curlex Sediment Log (ft)/Channel gradient (%) * 100=Curlex Sediment Log Spacing (ft) 2. Curlex Sediment Log Spacing (ft) * 0.3048 = Curlex Sediment Log Spacing (m) 3. Min. installed heights sued for determining spacing values in table. Min. installed heights of 9� & 12� Curlex Sediment Logs are 20.8cm (8.2 in) & 27.9 cm (11.0 in), respectively.

A - 46

Geotextiles and Geogrids - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

SECTION B GEOTEXTILES AND GEOGRIDS

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B- 1

Propex® Geotextiles

Site Work Field Guide

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Separation / Stabilization Geotextile Fabrics INTRODUCTION Propex’s Geotex family of geotextiles can enhance the performance of paved and unpaved roadways, parking lots, airports, loading docks, and storage areas through separation/ stabilization of the roadway structure. The geotextiles provide three important functions; separation/stabilization, drainage, and reinforcement. The fabric serves as a permeable separation/stabilization layer, preventing the aggregate and subgrade soils from intermixing while allowing the passage of water. The geotextile also enhances the structural properties of the subgrade and the roadway aggregate to minimize the coast of the road structure.

The successful use of geotextiles in these applications requires proper installation. The four basic steps of proper installation include:

• Subgrade preparation

• Geotextile placement

• Aggregate placement

• Aggregate compaction Geotex stabilization geotextiles can be used in most weather and temperature conditions.

Adequate planning and preparation for each installation step will speed construction and ensure good performance.

These guidelines provide recommendations for installation of geotextiles in separation/ stabilization applications.

The guidelines are intended to assist the contractor responsible for installation of the specified geotextile.

They are to be considered general guidelines, appropriate for common construction conditions. Specific site conditions, design requirements, or other variables may require modification to these guidelines.

Subgrade Preparation Initially, the site should be cleared of tree stumps, large stones, and other sharp objects that could puncture the fabric. This step should be performed regardless of subgrade strength.

Roadway subgrade preparation typically involves removal of all vegetation, roots, and topsoil.

Localized soft or otherwise unsuitable subgrade areas may be required to be excavated and backfilled with select material. In some very soft soil applications, it is beneficial to leave vegetation, roots, and topsoil in place to limit subgrade soil disturbance and loss of strength.

B- 2

Propex® Geotextiles

Site Work Field Guide

Propex® Geotextiles

Site Work Field Guide

Geotextile Placement

Geotextile Placement Two people can easily place Geotex separation/stabilization geotextiles. The fabric should be Two people can placebeginning Geotex separation/stabilization geotextiles.

The fabric should be rolled out onto theeasily subgrade at a point that allows easy access for construction rolled out onto subgradewith beginning at plan. a point allows easy access construction equipment yet isthe consistent the layout Onthat very soft subgrades thefor fabric layout and aggregate placement should begin on firm soil on the site perimeter, to establish an “anchor equipment yet is consistent with the layout plan. On very soft subgrades the fabric layout and point.”

Fromplacement there the should fabric can be on rolled The geotextile should be aggregate begin firmonto soilsofter on thesections. site perimeter, to establish an not “anchor dragged across the subgrade. the geotextile is usually laid in the direction of construction traffic; point.” From there the fabric can be rolled onto softer sections. The geotextile should not be however, specific project dimensions may alter this layout. Geotextile panels should be dragged across the subgrade. The geotextile is usually laid in the direction of construction trafoverlapped both site-to-side and end-to-end, in the direction of aggregate placement. The fic; however, specific project dimensions may alter this layout. Geotextile panels should be recommended overlap ranges from 1.5 to 3 feet, depending on subgrade strength. Overlap overlapped both site-to-side and in the direction of aggregate placement. The recommendations are provided in end-to-end, Table 1. recommended overlap ranges from 1.5 to 3 feet, depending on subgrade strength. Overlap recommendations are provided in the table below.

Alternatively, adjacent fabric edges can be sewn Alternatively, adjacent fabric edges can be sewn together rather than overlapped. Sewn seams must be together rather than overlapped. Sewn seams must be used when the geotextile provides significant tensile used when the geotextile provides significant tensile reinforcement. reinforcement.This Thisisisthe thecase, case,for forexample, example,when whenthe the subgrade is very soft (CBR<0.5). Sewn seam strength subgrade is very soft (CBR<0.5). Sewn seam strength and fabric orientation are important design parameters. and fabric orientation are important In these critical applications, adjacentdesign panelsparameters. must be In these critical applications, adjacent panels must be placed and sewn in accordance with the specifications placed and in accordance specifications provided by sewn the design engineer.with Fieldthe sewing is provided by the design engineer. sewing performed using a portable sewingField machine andis typically requires or four laborers.

Presewn performed using three a portable sewing machine and panels canrequires be supplied thelaborers. factory. Presewn typically threefrom or four panels can be supplied from the factory.

Soil, rocks, or pins can be used to hold fabric edges and overlaps down until aggregate is placed. On Soil, rocks, or pins can be be used to hold fabric curves, the geotextile may folded or cut to edges and overlaps down until aggregate is placed.

Onfold conform to the curve, as shown in Figure 1. The curves, theshould geotextile be foldedoforconstruction cut to or overlap be inmay the direction conform to held the curve, as as shown in Figure 1. .The fold and can be in place described above

or overlap should be in the direction of construction and can be held in place as described above.

B- 2

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B- 3

Propex® Geotextiles

Site Work Field Guide Aggregate Placement Aggregate is placed and spread on the fabric using conventional construction practices and equipment. Soil, rocks, or pins should be used to anchor the leading edge of the fabric to prevent it from lifting during placement of the first aggregate lift. The aggregate is typically back-dumped onto the geotextile, as the truck should not drive directly on the fabric. The aggregate is then spread over the geotextile. A tracked bulldozer is best used for this operation. Low ground pressure models are recommended for work on soft subgrades.

Lift thickness should not be less than 6 inches. The first lift should be as thick as necessary to limit rutting to less than 4 inches. During spreading, the bulldozer should blade into the load and slightly upward to prevent stressing the fabric. This procedure should be followed for each load until the fabric is completely covered. The dozer operator can determine which areas may need additional aggregate for good stability by observing aggregate layer rutting.

On very soft subgrades, care should be taken during aggregate placement to ensure that the fabric is not moved out of position nor the subgrade overstressed. Over some very soft soil conditions, “mud waves” may appear during or subsequent to aggregate placement. Mud waves result from overstressing the subgrade during fill placement, causing the subsurface soil to move away and up from the loaded area. They are normally not a problem if they do not heave above the surface of the aggregate base. If severe mud waves are anticipated a Propex representative can provide information on construction procedures to minimize their adverse effects.

Sudden stops or turns by equipment operating over the geotextile should be avoided. Under typical conditions, vehicles should not be allowed to drive directly on the geotextile. If space constraints make this impractical, the possible damage from direct vehicle contact should be evaluated on a test section of the geotextile. If the fabric is damaged such that it cannot fulfill project requirements, a more damage-resistant geotextile should be specified. If the fabric is damaged during installation, the damaged section should be exposed and a patch of fabric placed over it. the patch should be large enough to overlap onto undamaged areas as recommended in the table on page B-3. The aggregate is then replaced and compacted.

Aggregate Compaction The aggregate must be compacted as required by the project specifications. The aggregate should be initially compacted by “walking” the tracked bulldozer back and forth over the aggregate until reasonable stability is obtained. Final compaction is achieved by rolling the area with a vibratory compactor, first without vibration for several passes and then with full vibration. Any weak areas found during final compaction usually indicate inadequate aggregate thickness in those locations.

Do not grade ruts down; simply fill with additional aggregate and compact to the specified density. This also applies to any future rut maintenance that might be required.

Construction Monitoring It is important that the construction conditions and process be monitored. If the actual subgrade has lower strength than that assumed for design, the structural section design thicknesses must be re-evaluated. Observation of rutting of the aggregate layer, for example, can pinpoint weak subgrade areas, allowing design adjustments to be made on site if necessary. One advantage of an unpaved road is the ability to identify and resurface weak areas to avoid over-designing the entire road. Aggregate base placed for a new pavement may also be monitored for weak areas and corrected before the pavement layer(s) is placed.

B- 4

PropexÂŽ Geotextiles

PropexÂŽ Geotextiles

Site Work Field Guide

Site Work Field Guide

ENGINEERING BULLETIN

ENGINEERING ENGINEERING BULLETIN BULLETIN

GEOTEXTILE FUNCTIONS IN PAVED AND UNPAVED ROADS

Geotextile Efunctions N G I N inE paved E R I Nand G unpaved B U L L roads ETIN FORWARD

GEOTEXTILE FUNCTIONS IN PAVED AND UNPAVED ROADS

The most common use of geotextiles is beneath paved and unpaved roadways, and this is referred to as the separation/stabilization application. Geotextiles used in paved and unpaved roadways actually provide several FORWARD benefits through primarily four geotextile functions: Separation, Stabilization, Reinforcement, and Filtration.

The most common use of geotextiles is beneath paved and unpaved roadways, and this is referred to as the

The benefits derived from these four geotextile functions are most subgrade are weak,several separation/stabilization application.

Geotextiles usedsignificant in paved andwhen unpaved roadwayssoils actually provide benefits through primarily four geotextile functions: Separation, Stabilization, Reinforcement, and Filtration. i.e., CBR < 3. These benefits are well documented in the literature.

However, long-term benefits (improved pavement performance over time) from separation in applications where the subgrade is competent, (i.e., CBR The benefits derived from these four geotextile functions are most significant when subgrade soils are weak, >3), are just now beginning to surface, as roads 30 years old have been exhumed and have maintained their i.e., CBR < 3. These benefits are well documented in the literature. However, long-term benefits (improved full structural section since theyperformance were built over overtime) a geotextile. pavement from separation in applications where the subgrade is competent, (i.e., CBR >3), are just now beginning to surface, as roads 30 years old have been exhumed and have maintained their

full describes structural section since they were over a geotextile.

This Engineering Bulletin the functions of abuilt geotextile beneath roadways. For design assistance using geotextiles beneath either paved or unpaved roads, the use of our free Roadways And Civil Engineering This Engineering Bulletin describes the functions of a geotextile beneath roadways. For design assistance (R.A.C.E.) software is recommended. using geotextiles beneath either paved or unpaved roads, the use of our free Roadways And Civil Engineering

SEPARATION

(R.A.C.E.) software is recommended.

SEPARATION

Geotextile separation is defined as the introduction of a flexible, porous textile placed between dissimilar Geotextile separation is defined as the introduction of a flexible, porous textile placed between dissimilar materials so that the integrity and functioning of both materials can remain intact or be improved (Koerner, materials so that the integrity and functioning of both materials can remain intact or be improved (Koerner, 1994).

1994). paved andwhere unpavedgranular roadwaysaggregate where granular aggregate placed on fine-grained two detrimental In paved and unpavedInroadways is placed on isfine-grained sols, twosols, detrimental occur over time the useseparator: of a geotextile separator: mechanisms occur overmechanisms time without the use ofwithout a geotextile 1. First, the fine-grained soils enter into the voids of the granular aggregate, preventing it from draining properly

1. First, the fine-grainedand soils into loses the voids of the granular aggregate, preventing it from theenter aggregate the required rock-to-rock contact, greatly diminishing the draining strength ofproperly the aggregate and the aggregate loses the required rock-to-rock contact, greatly1).diminishing the strength of the aggregate support layer and accelerating road failure (Figure 2. Second, the failure granular(Figure aggregate support layer and accelerating road 1). punches into the fine-grained soil, thereby decreasing the effective thickness of the aggregate 2. Second, the granular aggregate puncheslayer into(Figure the 1). fine-grained soil, thereby decreasing the effective thickness of the aggregate layer (Figure 1).

FIGURE 1.

From: FHWA Designing with Geosynthetics, Robert M. Koerner, 1994.

FIGURE 1.

From: FHWA Designing with Geosynthetics, Robert M. Koerner, 1994.

Properly selected woven and nonwoven geotextiles prevent these failure mechanisms from occurring, thereby greatly improving the performance of a road. For these reasons, separation is considered to be a very important geotextile function and is the key to the longevity of the road. Also, over the years, road builders have felt obligated to use a tight, well graded aggregate to help minimize subgrade soil migration upward. proved to be only partially effective and, to the detriment of the road, these tight aggregates were Properly selected wovenThis and nonwoven geotextiles prevent these failure mechanisms from occurring, thereby weaker because they would not drain. The use of a separation geotextile allows the use of stronger, more greatly improving the performance of a road.with For theseAASHTO reasons, separation is considered a very free-draining aggregates stronger drainage coefficients.

If a geogridto is be used, there is no important geotextile function is the and key atoless thecost longevity theaggregate road. Also, the years, road buildersaggregate effectiveand separation effectiveoftight mustover be used.

The tight, well-graded recommended for graded use with aggregate geogrids, actually negates the structural benefit using the geogrid. have felt obligated to use a tight, well to help minimize subgrade soilofmigration upward.

This proved to be only partially effective and, to the detriment of the road, these tight aggregates were weaker because they would not drain. The use of a separation geotextile allows the use of stronger, more free-draining aggregates with stronger AASHTO drainage coefficients. If a geogrid is used, there is no effective separation and a less cost effective tight aggregate must be used. The tight, well-graded aggregate recommended for use with geogrids, actually negates the structural benefit of using the geogrid.

B- 4

www.BrockWhite.ca

B- 5

Propex® Geotex®

Site Work Field Guide

GEOTEX® WOVEN TEXTILES Featuring high tensile strengths which range from 135 to 370lbs and low elongations, our Geotex woven geotextiles have a remarkable capacity for filtering soils, distributing loads, reducing rutting and extending the life of paved and unpaved roadways. Made from individual yarns woven together to provide dimensionally stable geotextiles, they are resistant to ultraviolet (UV) degradation and to biological and chemical environments normally found in soils.

B- 6

Propex® Geotex®

Site Work Field Guide

GEOTEX® SOIL REINFORCEMENT GEOTEXTILES Geotex soil reinforcement geotextiles are specially designed for structural reinforcement in civil and environmental applications. They are woven with hightenacity polyester and/or polypropylene yarns, and they possess superior hydraulic and strength characteristics. These properties make Geotex geotextiles ideal for reinforcing embankments over soft soils, steepened slopes, retaining walls, lagoon closures and landfill lining systems.

Slopes reinforced with Geotex geotextiles maximize land use in transportation and site development projects.

Sudden changes in elevation may require wrapped-face or modular block walls.

The unique weave of Geotex woven geotextiles forms a robust fabric with high tensile strengths and superior hydraulic characteristics.

Geotex soil reinforcement geotextiles help protect new landfill lining systems in “piggyback” construction techniques.

www.BrockWhite.ca

B- 7

Propex® Geotex®

Site Work Field Guide

GEOTEX® NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES Made from the highest quality polypropylene fibers, our Geotex nonwoven geotextiles are needlepunched to form a strong fabric that retains its dimensional stability, adding years to the life of any roadway, railroad, landfill or civil/environmental engineering project. Used in subsurface drainage, separation, stabilization, erosion control and cushioning applications, our geotextiles are resistant to ultraviolet (UV) degradation and to biological and chemical environments normally found in soils.

B- 8

Texel

Site Work Field Guide

TEXEL C SERIES The Texel C Series brings together versatile geotextile products with mechanical and hydraulic properties optimized for your projectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs. These geotextiles are available in stock in a wide range of grades and formats.

The Texel C Series is recognised for the quality and reliability of its hydraulic and mechanical performance. These products can be used in most situations, such as road construction, shoreline and embankment stabilisation.

TEXEL E SERIES The Texel E Series brings together geotextile products with mechanical and hydraulic properties optimized for protecting waterproof geomembranes and site drainage. These geotextiles are often used for rock fill in dam and embankment applications.

The specific properties of these products allow you to use them as a substitute for sand in order to reduce the volume of fill required.

You can therefore increase the containment volume for a given surface area and reduce costs in projects where natural materials are more expensive.

For more information about Texel non-woven geotextiles visit ca.BrockWhite.com/Texel www.BrockWhite.ca

B- 9

Site Work Field Guide

Woven & Nonwoven Cross Reference

501

5 oz 601

6 oz 651

6.5 oz

701

7 oz

801

8 oz

861

8.6 oz

1001

10 oz

1071

11 oz

1201

12 oz

1291

13-14 oz

1601

16 oz

1701

17-18 oz

LP250CC200

LP4 501 LP4.5601

060C

270ST

LP315

LP5 651

LP6 701

801

LP7861

GE180

LP8 1001

GT116

1701 LP16

GT112 400 GE/112/114

1291 LP12 1601

GT110350 GE110

1071 LP101201 300 GE180 GT180

GE/112/114

GT116

GE116

LP16 CCNO16 CCN016E

4512, 4510 S55T 4514 S60T 4561 S65T4516 S70T 4557 S55T

GT112

S70T

GE116

140E

GE110

CCNO16 CCN016E

140E

080C S55T 080E S55T 100CS60T 100ES65T 120C S70T 120ES70T 160C

GT110

LP10 LP12 CCN08 FX86HS CCNO10

4508, 4553 S45T 4555 861 S50T

250 GT170 GT160230 GE160 4552, 4506 S40T 701

GT180

FX86HS CCNO10

060C S45T 160E S50T 070C

GT170

LP7 LP8 CCN06 CCN08E CCN07 GE160

CCN08

4X1

9X1

4X6

160C

6X1

120E

12X1

104F 106F 111F 117F

4X4HF

120C

4X4

100E

3X3HF

FW700FW402

100C

3X3

1199HF1198HF 111F 117F

080E

2X2HF

HP570

080C

2X2

HP570

M404 M706 M4050

2199 2196 2197 2403

M404 M706 M4050

1199HF1198HF 111F 2199117F 2196 2197 2403

FW700FW402

104F 106F 111F 117F

HP370

12X1

HP370

9X1

FW404

4X4HF

6X1

FW404

CCN07

070C

350ST

CCN08E

160E

315ST

855

4X6

4X1

2044HF

4X6

2044 4X4HF

2019HF 4X4

HP570

2019 3X3HF

HP570

2016HF 3X3

HP370

4X4HF

4X6

2016 2X2HF

HP370

HP570

FW404

3X3HF

2016HF 2X22019 2X2HF 2019HFHP370 2044 3X3HF 2044HF HP570

HP370

FW404 W315

CC315

2X2

2X2HF

2016 W315

2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 135ST 200ST 250ST 270ST 315ST LP 135, 200ST 250STLP200 270STLP250 315ST 350STLP3152X2 LP180

LP200

835 845 855 W300 W180 W200 W270 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 200ST 250STW200 270STW270 315ST

W315 W315 CC315

4516

451

400

4.5 oz

350

401

300

4 oz

250

351

230

3.5 oz

451

4546, 4552, 4508, 4512, 4545 4547 4550 4551 4506 4553 4555 4510 4514 4561 4.5 oz 4504 5 oz 6 oz 6.5 oz 7 oz 8 oz 701 8.6 oz 10 oz 86111 oz 12 oz 13-14 oz4557 16 oz 17-18 oz

250ST

055C

200ST

845

045C

135ST

835

040C

200

311

4 oz

180

3 oz

Nonwoven Geotextile Cross Reference Propex - BW

4535

351 LP3.5401

3.5 oz

ARMTEC 150 160 170 Nonwoven Geotextile140Cross Reference 3 oz

LAYFIELD 311 150 GT131160 GT135170 GT140180 GT142200

NILEX Propex - BW Skaps 140

035C

825

CCN06

045CS40T 055C

GT160

LP6

4535 Emcom

GT142

LP4.5 LP5 CCN04

ARMTEC

GT140

LP4

NILEX LP3.5 CANADA CULVERT (Carthage Mills) GT131 GT135

4546, 4545 S10T 4547 S30T4550 S35T4551 4504 S20T

Texel -S10T BW

LAYFIELD Skaps S20T 031CS30T 035CS35T 040C

Emcom

031C Propex - BW

Woven Geotextile Cross Reference

CANADA CULVERT C-stands for Civil. E-stands for Environmental.

CCN04 (Carthage Mills) Texel - BW C-stands for Civil. E-stands for Environmental.

Armtec

135ST LAYFIELD

Woven Geotextile Cross Reference NILEX

Propex - BW

Skaps825 Winnfab 135ST

2000,

Armtec NILEX

W270

LP 135, CANADA LP180 CULVERT

W200

W270

LAYFIELD

W200

W300

CC200

W180

Winnfab

Skaps

CANADA CULVERT

B - 10

Terrafix® Biaxial Geogrids

Site Work Field Guide

Biaxial Geogrids for Superior Reinforcement Terrafix® Biaxial Geogrids provide a simple, cost effective solution for soil reinforcement. Improve roadways, highways and other heavily trafficked areas with Terrafix® Biaxial Geogrids.

Even when conditions are less than perfect an engineered solution is possible.

These include weak subgrades, contaminated soils, heavy loads, high granular costs and shallow-buried utilities, an engineered solution is possible.

Geogrids save time and money by: - reducing aggregate fill thicknesses - reducing sub-excavation - simplifying construction - extending service life of pavement - reducing labour and equipment requirements

Improved Performance for: - Municipal roads - Highways - Railway ballast - Site access roads - Haul roads - Parking lots - Industrial shipping yards - Foundation footings… and more

Aggregate interlocks with geogrid apertures www.BrockWhite.ca

B - 11

NAUE CombigridÂŽ

Site Work Field Guide

B - 12

NAUE CombigridÂŽ

Site Work Field Guide

na_flyer_us21_adv_combigrid_03_2010_1 26.03.2010 10:55 Seite 1

reinforcement, filtration, separation and drainage in just one product, reducing aggregate thickness firmly bonded composite product very high strength at low strains immediate interlocking with cover aggregate high resistance against installation damage

Advantages of PET/PP

nonwoven geotextile firmly bonded between uniformly extruded PP or PET bars

CombigridÂŽ

high resistance against biological and chemical degradation 4.75 m wide rolls quick and easy to install ISO 9001 certified

www.BrockWhite.ca

B - 13

StratagridÂŽ

Site Work Field Guide

StratagridÂŽ Retain Your Walls With Strata Strata Systems has extensive experience with retaining walls of all types. Our geogrids have been proven in many installations throughout North America with a broad variety of modular block facings.

Stratagridâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strength delivers Stratagrid geogrids reinforce soil with their high molecular weight and high tenacity polyester yarn. The yarns are precision knitted into a dimensionally stable network of apertures providing tensile reinforcement capacity in both principle directions.

A black UV stabilized saturation coating provides further chemical and mechanical benefits.

Stratagrid geogrid is mechanically and chemically durable, in the installation phase, in aggressive soil, or in aqueous environments. Stratagrid is produced in multiple strengths in order to provide the most efficient design possible.

Stratagrid has been proven in the lab and by its installation in literally thousands of applications over the past decade.

Stratagrid was designed to be a reinforcement material that is easy to install in the field. It can be cut by hand for precise shaping. The apertures of Stratagrid are highly dimensionally stable, a critical factor in assuring that the tensile strength of the product is mobilized without excessive deformation. This geometric stability also makes Stratagrid particularly appropriate for use with segmental retaining wall units.

B - 14

Huesker HaTelit® Grid-Reinforcement

Site Work Field Guide

HaTelit® is made from high-modulus polyester and coated with bitumen to achieve a good bond to the asphalt. One side has an ultra-lightweight nonwoven attached, also coated with bitumen. This nonwoven simplifies installation and ensures continuous bond between the layers.

This strong bond allows HaTelit® to take up tensile forces and distribute them evenly over a large area. Therefore HaTelit® provides an effective method of preventing reflective cracking in asphalt layers. Over 35 years of experience with HaTelit® have shown that maintenance intervals can be increased by a factor of 3-4. This advantage applies in cold, temperate and hot climate zones. A road reinforced with suitably designed and properly installed HaTelit® reinforcement will remain crack-free for many years.

Properties: • High temperature stability • Elongation characteristics match the modulus of the asphalt • Long-term dynamic load-carrying capability • Good bonding characteristics with asphalt

Typical applications: • Anti-cracking reinforcement in asphalt • Reinforcement of joints • Overlays to old concrete roads • Reinforcement of asphalt layers in hydraulic engineering and landfill

HUESKER Synthetic GmbH is ISO 9001:2000 accredited.

HaTelit® is a registered trademark of HUESKER Synthetic GmbH.

www.BrockWhite.ca

B - 15

Huesker Minegrid®

Site Work Field Guide

Huesker Minegrid® is manufactured from high-tenacity polyester and is coated with a flame-resistant, anti-static coating. Minegrid is manufactured in a range of tensile strengths, from 35 kN/m to 700 kN/m. Standard roll size is 5m x 100m, but shorter, narrower rolls can be supplied upon request. The wide range of the Minegrid product line allows mines and quarries to customize to fit their need.

In most applications, Minegrid will be used as a replacement for welded wire mesh. Minegrid offers high strength and low weight, making it easy to work with.

It is non-conductive and its resistance to corrosion gives it a service life much longer than steel.

Seven grid strengths handle wide-ranging applications above and below ground

All Huesker Minegrid Products: • Meet MSHA specs for FRAS. • Are made of high-modulus Polyester, lower elongation (11% - 12%) means less bagging and better skin control.

• Are non-corrosive and non-conductive.

• Conform to irregular surfaces and voids better than steel mesh.

B - 16

Brock White Biaxial Geogrid Comparison Chart

Site Work Field Guide

Brock White Biaxial Geogrid Comparison Chart

May 2013.

Ultimate Tensile kN/m

Terrafix

Tenax

Etsong NewGrids Layfield

Titan Griffen

Nilex Tensar

EnviroPro

Mirafi Armtec

Naue

Tensile Strength @ 2% strain kN/m

Tensile Strength @ 5% strain kN/m

Aperture Size Roll Size m mm

XMD

MD

XMD

MD

XMD

MD

TBX 1500

17.7

15.2

6.3

6.6

12.3

12.4

41 x 49

3.9 x 50

TBX 2000

20.0

20.0

10.2

8.0

19.5

15.2

38 x 42

3.9 x 50

TBX 2500

28.7

26.0

9.5

10.9

19.5

15.2

38 x 42

3.9 x 50

TBX 3000

30.0

30.0

13.3

11.0

26.4

21.3

38 x 42

3.9 x 50

LBO 202

20.0

12.4

6.6

4.4

13.4

9.0

38 x 28

4 x 100

LBO 301

30.0

16.0

10.0

6.0

20.0

12.0

30 x 40

4 x 100 4 x 75

LBO 302

31.5

19.2

12.0

7.0

23.0

14.0

38 x 28

LBO SAMP440**

40.0

40.0

15.0

14.0

30.0

28.0

27 x 34

4 x 50

E'Grid 2014

20.0

14.0

7.2

5.0

14.8

10.0

35 x 43

3.9 x 100

E'Grid 2020

20.0

20.0

7.4

7.4

14.8

14.8

40 x 40

3.9 x 100

E'Grid 3030

30.0

30.0

10.8

10.8

21.6

21.6

40 x 40

3.9 x 75

E'Grid 4040

40.0

40.0

14.0

14.0

28.0

28.0

33 x 33

3.9 x 50

GBX 1500

21.2

21.2

11.4

11.6

19.2

19.8

35 X 35

3.9 X 50

GBX 2000

20.0

20.0

13.9

14.4

22.0

24.9

35 X 33

3.9 X 50

GBX 2500

25.8

26.1

9.7

10.4

20.3

19.8

35 X 34

3.9 X 50

GBX 3000

30.0

30.0

22.9

21.0

37.4

32.6

33X 43

3.9 X 50

BX 1100

19.0

12.4

6.6

4.1

13.4

8.5

25 x 33

4 x 75

BX 1200

28.8

19.2

9.0

6.0

19.6

11.8

25 x 33

4 x 50

BX 1300

28.0

16.0

9.5

5.5

17.5

10.5

46 x 64

4 x 50

BX 1500

30.0

27.0

10.0

8.5

20.0

17.5

30.5 x 25

4 x 50

BX 4100

13.5

12.8

5.5

4.0

10.5

8.0

33 x 33

4 x 50

BX 4200

23.5

20.5

7.4

6.0

14.6

11.7

33 x 33

4 x 50

TX140 (TX5)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Triangle

3 & 4 x 75

TX160 (TX7)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Triangle

3 & 4 x 75

EP1515

15.0

15.0

5.0

5.0

7.0

7.0

30 x 30

3.9 x 50

EP2020

20.0

20.0

7.0

7.0

14.0

14.0

36 x 38

3.9 x 50

EP2525

25.0

25.0

17.0

17.0

9.0

9.0

N/A

3.9 x 50

EP3030

30.0

30.0

21.0

21.0

10.5

10.5

34 x 36

3.9 x 50

EP4040

40.0

40.0

28.0

28.0

14.0

14.0

34 x 36

3.9 x 50

BasXgrid 11

29.2

29.2

7.3

7.3

13.4

13.4

25 x 25

4 x 50

BasXgrid 12

58.4

29.2

10.9

7.3

19.7

13.4

25 x 25

4 x 50

Secugrid 20/20

20.0

20.0

8.0

8.0

16.0

16.0

33 x 33

4.75 x 100

Secugrid 30/30

30

30

12

12

24

24

32 x 32

4.75 x 100

Secugrid 40/40

40

40

16

16

32

32

31 x 31

4.75 x 100

Combigrid 30/30

30

30

12

12

24

24

32 x 32

4.75 x 100

Grid/non woven combination

New technology!

All products are Polypropylene Other characteristics such as Flexural Rigidity, Junction Strength and carbon black content are not reported here

www.BrockWhite.ca

B - 17

Site Work Field Guide Geogrid Comparison Chart

Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Cross Reference Guide

Western Excelsior

Propex

East Coast Erosion

Erosion Control Blanket.com

North American Green

SC250®, C350®, P300®

ECP-2 10oz, ECSC3, ECC-3

ECP-2 10oz, ECP-3

P42

P42, PS42, PC42

P42, PS42, PC42

PP5-10™ PP5-12™

PP5-10™ PP5-12™

PP5-8™

CS-3™ CC-4™ S-2™, CS-3™ S-2™, CS-3™ SD-3™, CC-4™ SD-3™

Landlok® 435 Landlok® 300, Landlok® 450, Landlok® 1051 Pyramat®, Landlok® 300, Landlok® 450, Landlok® 1051

Landlok® CS2 Landlok® C2 Landlok® CS2 Landlok® CS2 Landlok® C2

Landlok® S2

Landlok® S1 Landlok® S1 ECS-1 ECX-1, ECS-1

SR-1™ R-1™, SR-1™

S75®, S75BN™, DS75® S75®, S75BN™, DS75®

S32

S150®, DS150®, S150BN™

S32

S31 S31

American Excelsior Company ("equal to" or better than) Curlex® NetFree™ AEC Premier Straw® Single Net Curlex® I CL

ECS-2® ECX-1 ECX-2, ECS-2®

SC32 C32 SC32 SC32 C32

Landlok® S2

S150®, DS150®, S150BN™

ECSC-2 ECC-2 ECX-2, ECSC-2 ECX-2, ECSC-2 ECC-2

SS-2™ S-1™ R-2™, SS-2™

AEC Premier Straw® Double Net Curlex® I Curlex® II CL SC150®, SC150BN™ C125®, C125BN™ SC150®, SC150BN™ SC150®, SC150BN™ C125®, C125BN™

Recyclex® TRM - V

SC250®, C350®, P300®

ECC-3, ECP-2 12oz

Turf Reinforcement Mats (biocomposites & 100% synthetic products)

Curlex® Enforcer®

C350®, P300®, P550®

AEC Premier Straw/Coconut™ AEC Premier Coconut™ Curlex® II Curlex® II .98 Curlex® III Curlex High Velocity™

Recyclex® TRM

W0911R1213

This document is a guide for comparison purposes only. Complete Technical Support, including free and easy to use ErosionWorks design software, is available at www.Curlex.com or contact AEC for specific project recommendations. "Material Equivalents" are based on Manufacture's material specifications and published field ratings. Products in this chart are by no means to be considered exact "equivalents" as properties may not be identical in every case. Project specific performance requirements should be verified with the Engineer and all "Performance Equivalents" should be determined by the Engineer. The user accepts responsibility of reviewing and updating this table.

850 Avenue H East / Arlington, Texas 76011 Phone 1-800-777-SOIL / Fax 817-385-3585 / www.Curlex.com

B - 18

Uniaxial Geogrid Comparison Chart

Site Work Field Guide Ultimate Tensile Strength Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems Strata Systems TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi TC Mirafi Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products Huesker Inc. Huesker Inc. Huesker Inc. Huesker Inc. Huesker Inc. Huesker Inc. Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Geostar Geostar Geostar Geostar Ridgerock Ridgerock Ridgerock Ridgerock Earth Reinforcement Earth Reinforcement Earth Reinforcement Earth Reinforcement

StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid StrataGrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Miragrid Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar Tensar SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products SRW Products Fortrac Fortrac Fortrac Fortrac Fortrac Fortrac Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Synteen Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Carthage Mills Geostar Geostar Geostar Geostar Gridlock Gridlock Gridlock Gridlock HTG Geogrid HTG Geogrid HTG Geogrid HTG Geogrid

MicroGrid SG150 SG200 SG350 SG500 SG550 SG600 SG700 2XT 3XT 5XT 7XT 8XT 10XT 20XT 22XT 24XT LH800 UX1100HS UX1400HS UX1500HS UX1600HS UX1700HS UX1800HS 3 Series 5 Series 7 Series 8 Series 9 Series 10 Series 11 Series 12 Series 35 55 80 110 150 200 SF 20 SF 35 SF 55 SF 65 SF 80 SF 90 SF 110 SF 350 GX-150 GX-300 GX-500 GX-700 GX-800 GX-1000 HP200 HP300 HP500 HP600 270 370 540 980 HTG 35 HTG 80 HTG 120 HTG 160

(lb/ft) 2,000 1,875 3,600 5,000 6,400 8,150 9,100 11,800 2,000 3,500 4,700 5,900 7,400 9,500 13,705 20,559 27,415 2,600 3,970 4,800 7,810 9,870 11,990 14,390 2,000 3,600 5,000 6,400 8,150 9,100 10,250 31,000 2,400 3,700 5,685 7,400 10,100 13,500 2,050 3,435 4,670 6,000 7,400 8,500 10,205 27,390 1,700 3,250 4,500 6,080 7,315 9,790 3,437 4,815 8,025 8,809 2700 3,700 5,400 9,800 3,604 5,981 8,359 10,974

(kN/m) 29 27 53 73 93 119 133 172 29 51 69 86 108 139 200 300 400 38 58 70 114 144 175 210 29 53 73 93 119 133 150 452 35 54 83 108 147 197 30 50 68 88 108 124 149 400 25 47 66 89 107 143 50 70 117 129 39 54 79 143 53 87 122 160

Creep Reduced Strength (lb/ft) 1,149 1,136 2,323 3,226 4,129 5,258 5,871 7,613 1,266 2,215 2,975 3,734 4,684 6,013 8,674 13,012 17,351 880 1,530 1,850 3,000 3,800 4,610 5,330 1,299 2,323 3,226 4,129 5,258 5,871 6,529 19,745 1,527 2,342 3,596 4,740 6,392 8,544 1,331 2,230 3,032 3,871 4,774 5,483 6,500 17,445 1,156 2,211 3,061 4,136 4,976 6,660 2,217 3,106 5,177 5,683 1,753 2,402 3,506 6,363 2,340 3,884 5,428 7,126

LTDS or Tal (lb/ft) 871 939 1,919 2,666 3,412 4,346 4,852 6,292 1,096 1,918 2,575 3,233 4,055 5,206 7,510 11,266 15,023 850 1,450 1,760 2,860 3,620 4,390 5,080 1,093 1,919 2,666 3,508 4,467 4,988 5,652 17,095 1,322 2,027 3,117 4,130 5,535 7,398 1,099 1,878 2,625 3,373 4,133 4,747 5,627 15,104 1,011 1,879 2,601 3,514 4,228 5,658 1,920 2,690 4,483 4,921 1,475 2,022 2,950 5,356 2,026 3,363 4,699 6,170

(kN/m) 12.7 13.7 28.0 38.9 49.8 63.4 70.8 91.8 16.0 28.0 37.6 47.2 59.2 76.0 109.6 164.4 219.2 12.4 21.2 25.7 41.7 52.8 64.1 74.1 16.0 28.0 38.9 51.2 65.2 72.8 82.5 249.5 19.3 29.6 45.5 60.3 80.8 108.0 16.0 27.4 38.3 49.2 60.3 69.3 82.1 220.4 14.8 27.4 38.0 51.3 61.7 82.6 28.0 39.3 65.4 71.8 21.5 29.5 43.1 78.2 29.6 49.1 68.6 90.0

Ta (FS=1.5) (lb/ft) 581 626 1,279 1,777 2,275 2,897 3,235 4,195 731 1,279 1,717 2,155 2,703 3,471 5,007 7,511 10,015 567 967 1,173 1,907 2,413 2,927 3,387 729 1,279 1,777 2,339 2,978 3,325 3,768 11,397 881 1,351 2,078 2,753 3,690 4,932 733 1,252 1,750 2,249 2,755 3,165 3,751 10,069 674 1,253 1,734 2,343 2,819 3,772 1,280 1,793 2,989 3,281 983 1,348 1,967 3,571 1,351 2,242 3,133 4,113

(kN/m) 8.5 9.0 18.7 25.9 33.2 42.3 47.2 61.2 10.7 18.7 25.1 31.5 39.5 50.7 73.1 109.6 146.1 8.3 14.1 17.1 27.8 35.2 42.7 49.4 10.7 18.7 25.9 34.1 43.5 48.5 55.0 166.3 12.9 19.7 30.3 40.2 53.9 72.0 10.7 18.3 25.5 32.8 40.2 46.2 54.7 146.9 9.9 18.3 25.3 34.2 41.1 55.1 18.7 26.2 43.6 47.9 14.3 19.7 28.7 52.1 19.7 32.7 45.7 60.0

Values shown are taken from published literature and are believed to be accurate. Verification of reported values is the responsibility of the user/engineer.

Note 1: The table reports only the published values of Ultimate Strength (Tult) and Long Term Design Strength (LTDS), and no other properties of the reinforcement.

Note 2: The table does not report system connection strengths (i.e. block/reinforcement), which may govern design strengths in segmental retaining wall (SRW) designs.

Note 3: LTDS or Tal =Tult / (RFcreep x RFinstallation damage x RFdurability) is based on published data for sand/silt/clay soil.

Note 4: LTDS / FS = Tal / FS. FS is equal to 1.5 for segmental retaining wall applications.

Summary of Current Reinforcement Products

Values shown are taken from published literature and are believed to be accurate . Verification of reported values is the responsibility of the user / engineer.

UPDATED APRIL 2013 STRATIGRID PRODUCTS

Note 1: The table reports only the published values of Ultimate Strength (Tult) and Long Term Design Strength (LTDS), and no other properties of the reinforcement.

Note 2: The table does not report system connection strengths (i.e. block/reinforcement), which may govern design strengths in Segmental Retaining W all (SRW ) Designs.

Note 3. LTDS or Tal = Tult / (RFcreep x RFinstallation damage x RFdurability) is based on published data for sand/silt/clay soil

www.BrockWhite.ca

Note 4: Ta = LTDS / FS = Tal / FS. FS is equal to 1.5 for segmental retaining wall applications UPDATED January 2012 -STrataGrid Products Updated April 2013

B - 19

Slope Stabilization - Introduction

Installation Guidelines

SECTION C SLOPE STABILIZATION

C- 1

Terrafix® TerraFort, TerraSlope, & TerraSteep

Installation Guidelines

TerraFort

Panel Wall System

Concrete Panel/Geogrid Reinforcement

Retained Soil System (RSS) walls are literally structures where the soil mass is reinforced such that it functions as a gravity wall. The soil and the reinforcement become an integral unit providing a stabilized block. TerraFort Panel Walls combine the best in reinforced concrete durability and geogrid/ soil reinforcement. DOTs, municipalities, engineers and contractors worldwide know the advantages of Concrete Panel RSS wall systems.

It is possible to build a retaining structure in a settlement prone area without over-spending. Pilesupported cast-in-place structures, temporary surcharging, or supercompacted foundations are time-consuming and expensive.

TerraSlope®

Geogrid-Reinforced Earth Systems for vegetated and non-vegetated applications

TerraSlope® Retained Soil System by Terrafix® provides an economic and natural solution for steep slope applications. Since 1988 terrafix® has provided engineered geogrid reinforced steep slope solutions for hundreds of projects. As Canada’s leader in geosynthetics, terrafix® has always offered the best solution for the projects we partner in. Each component of the TerraSlope® System is designed to work together to provide the best in economy and long term performance.

- savings up to 60% over concrete retaining walls - proven and reliable technology - environmentally friendly

TerraSteep®

Geogrid-Reinforced Earth Systems for vegetated and non-vegetated applications

For slopes steeper than 1:1, there is a simple solution. TerraSteep® Slope Systems incorporate wire forms to allow for construction of angles greater than 45 degrees up to completely vertical walls. TerraSteep® combines the technology of TerraSlope Systems with superior structural integrity and enhanced performance compared with other techniques. terrafix® offers full engineering and construction support for TerraSteep®.

Special Applications - pressure relief walls - two stage construction walls - temporary walls/ roadway protection

www.BrockWhite.ca

C- 2

EnviroGrid Geocell

Installation Guidelines

EnviroGrid is a unique structure consisting of strips of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) welded together forming individual honeycomb-shaped cells. It is available in 3 different cell sizes (EGA20, EGA30, & EGA40) along with various cell heights (3”, 4”, 6” & 8”). EnviroGrid can be filled with various aggregates, concrete, and even native soils that can be vegetated.

Benefits of the EnviroGrid Cellular Confinement System: → Reduce Fill Required – With the use of EnviroGrid, fill quantity can be reduced by up to 70% while maintaining or improving bearing capacity. This saves time, transport, and material costs. → Eliminate Rutting – Prevent the lateral movement of infill. Lower quality fill materials can often be used since they are contained within the cells. → Support Heavy Loads – Improve the bearing capacity of subgrade soils and extend the life-cycle of the road. → Quick & Simple Installation - Easily installed without specialized equipment or crews. → Utilize Local Fill – Most local soils can be used as fill minimizing transportation costs and installation time. → Perforated Cells – Allow water to drain freely through permeable aggregates.

C- 3

EnviroGrid Geocell

Installation Guidelines

www.BrockWhite.ca

C- 4

Tri-lockÂŽ

Installation Guidelines

Permeability

Tri-Lock allows effective hyrdaulic pressure relief due to the close proximity and interval of its voids. The voids are created by the configuration of the assembly of the blocks and not by holes made through the blocks. This unique method assures the blocks are not weakened by penetrations that may cause stress cracking.

Flexibility

This system is not the most flexible of any revetment system. The flexibility is achieved by providing adequate tapers at all the interlocking junctions. Tri-Lock will flex to approximately one meter radius in all directions and retain flexibility. It is recommended that the maxiumum design radius be 1.2 metres to allow for soil settlement.

Revegetation

The voids within the system provide sufficient space for topsoil to support lush vegetation when necessary or desire. Channels are created between the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s voids allowing root systems to migrate between cells to thoroughly interlock and avoid being exposed to traffic or other damaging events. The relatively smooth surface of the system allows for grass cutting with conventional grass cutting equipment if required. The resultant benefit of hard armour performance with improved natural habitat and reduced urban heat island effects are major benefits of Tri-Lock.

Access

The completed Tri-Lock revetment will support both pedestrian and vehicular traffic, provided the sub-surface has been designed to support that traffic. Should vegetation not be desired, for instance, in the case of an access or boat ramp, the voids may then be filled with 20mm rock chip or gravel.

Penetrations

Because Tri-Lock modules are connected to three adjacent modules, the removal of one or more modules is possible without causing the system to be disconnected.

This feature allow safe and easy access for the installation of drainage pipes, piles and the like. To neaten the penetrations it is usual to construct a cement grout collar around the openings taking care not to fix the collar to the penetrating pile or pipe so that it maintains flexiblity and allows free settlement around the feature.

BEFORE

AFTER C- 5

MACCAFERRI Gabion Mats

Installation Guidelines

Gabion Mats

Gabion Mats are used for permanent erosion control in channels, streambanks, spillways and stable slopes from surficial erosion. The stone confinement within the units allows for higher shear stress resistance than riprap.

The base is divided into compartments and filled with stones at the project site. With lids closed, gabion mats form flexible, permeable, monolithic structures. The 100 feet (30m) long units make its installation fast and economical.

Soil bioengineering techniques can be used to promote vegetation in the gabion mats to provide enhanced shear resistance.

Advantages of Maccaferri Gabion Mats: • Gabion mat strength lies in their double twisted hexagonal mesh of steel wire which is reinforced by selvedges of heavier wire running along the edges.

• The base section is divided into compartments to restrict the movement of stone and strengthen the structure.

• The lid is supplied as a separate panel.

• The wire will not unravel even when cut.

• Assembly is easy, requiring no specialized labor and nearby rock is used for fill.

• Free drainage and 30-35% voids allow vegetation to grow.

PICTURES The top picture represents the Gabion Mats in place without vegetation.

The bottom picture represents full vegetation after Gabion Mats have been installed. www.BrockWhite.ca

C- 6

MACCAFERRI Gabions

Installation Guidelines

Gabions

Galvanized & PVC Coated Product Description

Gabions are baskets manufactured from 8x10 double twisted hexagonal woven steel wire mesh, as per ASTM A975-97 (Fig.1 and 2). Gabions are filled with stones at the project site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic structures such as retaining walls, channel linings, and weirs for erosion control projects. The steel wire used in the manufacture of the gabion is heavily zinc coated soft temper steel. A PVC coating is then applied to provide additional protection for use in polluted, contaminated or aggressive environments: in salt, fresh water, acid soil or wherever the risk of corrosion is present. The PVC coating has a nominal thickness of 0.50 mm. The standard specifications of the mesh-wire are shown in Table 2. The gabion is divided into cells by diaphragms positioned at approximately 1 m centers (Fig. 1). To reinforce the structure, all mesh panel edges are selvedged with a wire having a greater diameter (Table 3). Dimensions and sizes of PVC coated gabions are shown in Table 1. Gabions shall be manufactured and shipped with all components mechanically connected at the production facility.

Wire

All tests on wire must be performed prior to manufacturing the mesh. All wire should comply with ASTM A975-97, style 3 coating, galvanized and PVC coated steel wire. Wire used for the manufacture of gabions and the lacing wire, shall have a maximum tensile strength of 515 MPa as per ASTM A64103, soft temper steel.

Woven Wire Mesh Type 8x10 The mesh and wire characteristics shall be in accordance withASTM A97597 Table 1, Mesh type 8x10 and PVC coated. The nominal mesh opening, D = 83 mm as per Fig. 2. The minimum mesh properties for strength and flexibility should be in accordance with the following: • Mesh Tensile Strength shall be a minimum of 42.3 kN/m when tested in accordance with ASTM A975-97 section 13.1.1.

• Punch Test resistance shall be a minimum of 23.6 kN when tested in compliance with ASTM A975-97 section 13.1.4.

• Connection to Selvedges shall be 17.5 kN/m when tested in accordance with ASTM A975-97.

P.V.C. (Polyvinyl Chloride) Coating The technical characteristics and the resistance of the PVC to aging should meet the relevant standards. The main values for the PVC material are as follows: • The initial property of the PVC coating shall be in compliance with ASTM A975-97 section 8.2.

• Prior to UV and abrasion degradation, the PVC polymer coating shall have a projected minimum durability of 60 years when tested in accordance with UL 746B Polymeric Material—Long Term Property Evaluation for heat aging test.

C- 7

Geosynthetic Liners - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

SECTION D GEOSYNTHETIC LINERS

www.BrockWhite.ca

D- 1

Stego® Wrap Vapour Barrier

Site Work Field Guide

STEGO® WRAP VAPOUR BARRIER ASTM E 1745 Class A-B-C Compliant

STEGO® WRAP VAPOUR BARRIER represents a recent breakthrough in state-of-the-art plastic extrusion processes.

By combining multi-layer extrusion technology with our proven trade secret blend of prime virgin resins and additives, we at Stego Industries have produced an ASTM E 1745 Class A polyolefin VAPOR BARRIER. Stego’s emphasis has always been very low permeance (the most important quality according to industry experts).

Our latest blend continues to provide next to zero permeance, while exceeding ASTM E 1745 Class A requirements for puncture resistance and tensile strength.

All this comes with the same competitive pricing our customers have come to expect.

D- 2

THE STEGO® ADVANTAGES SUPERIOR DEFENSE Against Floor Failures:

Experts say “the need for a vapor barrier (as opposed to a vapor retarder) is becoming increasingly clear.” Concrete Construction Magazine, August 2003, p.18. Infiltration of moisture through concrete slabs is a major building defect liability.

Stego Wrap Vapor Barrier has an extremely low permeance preventing water vapor, soil gases (i.e. Radon), alkaline salts and soil sulfates from compromising the integrity of the building envelope and leading to serious problems with the concrete slab, floor coverings and indoor air quality. Stego Wrap Vapor Barrier is the best protection against these costly failures.

LONGEVITY AND STRENGTH:

Stego Wrap Vapor Barrier is NOT made with recycled materials and will not degrade. Prime, virgin resins are the key.

Molecules within Stego Wrap “interlock” to provide strength, durability and unprecedented resistance to moisture vapor and radon gas. Stego Wrap’s puncture resistance is excellent. Stego Wrap will not tear, crack, flake,snag or puncture, even when 18,000 lb. laser-screed machines are driving directly across the barrier (see the following page for Stego Wrap Vapor Barrier’s specifications).

StegoÂŽ Wrap Vapour Barrier

Site Work Field Guide

www.BrockWhite.ca

D- 3

Bentofix®

Site Work Field Guide

Thermal Lock Clay Liners • The industry’s only Thermal Lock Geosynthetic Clay Liner • The industry’s only Scrim-Reinforced Geosynthetic Clay Liner • The only Canadian made Geosynthetic Clay Liner • Now available as a geomembrane

Features and Benefits As a replacement for thick clay liners or as a replacement to geomembranes, whether as part of a compostite liner or as a stand-alone liner, GCLs offer several advantages: • Installation is relatively simple, requireing unrolling and lapping of adjacent panels, as opposed to the placement, compaction, and detailed testing of multiple lifts of clay materials comprising a clay liner.

• No welding is required unlike geomembranes • Due to significantly reduced thickness, GCL’s either require less excavation to develop a given containment volume, or consume a significantly reduced portion of the available containment volume.

• Due to the simplified process, it is possible to place the covering layer immediately upon placement of the GCL, whereas multi-lift clay layers could take several days or even weeks to install, during which time the liner is susceptible to the elements, and leads to considerable rework or repair.

Multi Funtional By needle punching fibres through the sodium bentonite clay layer, a completely uniform, reinforced GCL is produced - with shear strength and stability, advantages important to any application such as: • Environmental protection barrier under roads and railways • Secondary containment for above ground tanks • Stormwater management ponds • Landfill cap closures/base liner • Vertical trench cutoff barrier • Groundwater protection cover • Golf course ponds • Recreational ponds • Dams/Dikes D- 4

Raven IndustriesÂŽ

Site Work Field Guide

THE RAVEN GEOSYNTHETIC LINE-UP Since 1970, Raven Industries geosynthetic liners and covers have captured the attention of environmental agencies, specifying engineers, and state and federal agencies nationwide.

Raven products are built in the midwest, where pride for quality craftsmanship is second-to-none.

Our vision is to make great products that meet or exceed our customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; requirements and we do that through the guidelines of our certified ISO 9001:2000 management program.

Our 300,000 sq ft manufacturing facility located in Sioux Falls, SD is equipped with the very latest state of the art process equipment. Capabilities include 7-layer blown sheeting capabilities, lamination of tough reinforced materials as well as large factory welded panels up to 90,000 sq ft.

A modern, well-equipped testing laboratory, in addition to ongoing research and development, assure continuous improvements and innovation in geomembrane liners and covers.

Our geosynthetic line consists of a wide range of products designed to meet your individual requirements from liquid containment to gas barriers to long-term covering applications.

Major applications include landfill covers, daily landfill covers, rainshed covers, redediation covers, golf course pond liners, canal liners and many more. www.BrockWhite.ca

D- 5

Raven Industries®

Site Work Field Guide RUFCO 1000 Series Extruded (Mono-Layer) Very flexible geomembrane. Linear low-density polyethylene resin provides highelongation, tremendous tear resistance andbursting strength. These are very flexible materials that will conform to almost any surface. Rufco 1000 Series products are available in 20 mil up to 40 mil thicknesses and in widths up to 200’ or up to 50,000 square-foot panels (20mil).

RUFCO 10 Series Extruded (Mono-Layer) Mono-layer blended, Rufco 10 Series membranes consist of medium-density polyethylene. Manfuactured from virgin and select reprocessed resins, they are designed to provide a high quality yet economical geomembrane. Available in thicknesses from 6mil up to 20mil and in widths up to 200’ wide or up to 90,000 squre-foot panels.

DURA-SKRIM J-Series 1300 Denier Polyester Reinforced Dura-Skrim J30, J36 & J45 are Linear Low Density Polyethylene geomembranes reinforced with a heavy encapsulated 1300 Denier polyester reinforcement. In addition to excellent dimensional stability, the Tri-directional reinforcememnt provides exceptional tear and tensile strength. Dura-Skrim J-Series membranes are formulated with thermal and UV stabilizers to assure a long service life. Custom colors are available based on minimum volume requirements.

DURA-SKRIM Series Extrusion Laminated (4 & 7 Layers) Dura-Skrim Series products are manufactured using layers of high-strength polyethylene and bonding layer(s) of molten polyethylene. Heavy polyester scrim reinforcement is placed between these plies to greatly enhance tear resistance and increase service life.

This results in a strong, light-weight construction that is excellent for use as a cover or liner in many conditions. The Dura-Skrim Series is manufactured in panels up to 90,000 square feet.

RUFCO PP Series Extruded (Mono-Layer) Rufco PP Series products are exceptionally flexible geomembranes that incorporate high levels of ethylene propylene rubber into polypropylene. These membranes provide outstanding resistance to environmental stress cracking even at elevated temperatures and in aggressive chemical environments.

D- 6

Firestone Geomembrane

Site Work Field Guide Available in standard or reinforced with a scrim, Firestone EPDMGeomembrane systems offer the strength and resilience to perform in many of the most demanding environments.

This makes Firestone EPDM Geomembrane ideal for: • Agricultural Pits and Ponds • Exposed Covers and Caps • Aquaculture Applications • Golf Course Water Features • Canals • Landscaping Features

• Constructed Wetlands • Mining Applications • Decorative Water Features • Retention Ponds • Evaporation Ponds • Water Reservoirs

EASY TO INSTALL Firestone EPDM Geomembrane is available in a variety of membrane panel sizes to reduce the amount of field seaming needed. Additionally, Firestone’s QuickSeam™ Tape provides an easy and dependable seam solution without requiring special tools or utilities for installation.

EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE Firestone EPDM Geomembrane can elongate over 300 percent, offering exceptional conformance and lay flat characteristics that are ideal for irregular shapes and contours.

EXCELLENT WEATHERING RESISTANCE Even when exposed to UV, ozone, extreme temperatures and other harmful environmental conditions, Firestone EPDM Geomembrane’s specially compounded material prevents cracking. The result is outstanding age stability with little or no maintenance.

FISH AND PLANT FRIENDLY Firestone EPDM Geomembrane is specifically formulated to be safe for fish and plant life.

Firestone fPP-R Geomembrane is a polypropylene/rubber-based membrane. Our standard product is reinforced with a scrim inserted between the top and bottom plies but it is also available in a nonreinforced panel. Flexible and heat-weldable, Firestone fPP-R Geomembrane is perfect for a variety of exposed and subsurface applications, including: • Agricultural Pits and Ponds • Floating Covers • Aquaculture Applications • Golf Course Water Features • Canals

• Evaporation Ponds • Water Conservation Applications • Exposed Covers and Caps • Water Reservoirs • Mining Applications

DURABILITY Designed with exceptional tensile strength and excellent chemical and environmental stress-cracking resistance, Firestone fPP-R Geomembrane protects against punctures and remains unaffected by UV, ozone and soil bacteria. In addition, heat-welded seams mean Firestone fPP-R Geomembranes can be installed in relatively low ambient temperatures and ensure long lasting seams.

FIELD INSTALLATION Firestone approved applicators can have pre-fabricated, large, custom sized panels delivered to your project location, reducing installation cost.

POTABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY Firestone fPP-R is plasticizer and chlorine free. A certificate of NSF water purity is available if requested with placement of material order.

ACCESSORIES Our fPP-R Geomembrane system is complimented by a full line of accessories including Firestone fPP-R Flashing and Firestone fPP-R Welding Rod, making Firestone Specialty Products a convenient, one-stop source of materials for any commercial water feature or critical containment application.

www.BrockWhite.ca

D- 7

Miscellaneous Products - Introduction

Site Work Field Guide

SECTION E MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

E- 1

Invisible Structures

Site Work Field Guide

Grasspave2 porous paving allows you to park, drive, walk, ride, or lounge on a beautiful grass surface. It performs the functions of asphalt or concrete pavement, but with the aesthetics of a lawn â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all while enhancing the environment.

Beachrings2 provides an attractive, comfortable, and slip resistant surface for people walking barefoot, in shoes, assisted by walkers or crutches, wheelchairs, strollers, bicycles, motorcycles, and automobiles (emergency and law enforcement).

Draincore2 is a high volume drainage layer capable of withstanding heavy loads in direct contact. This drainage core is wrapped in a geotextile fabric, which allows water to enter from any direction, with the rings placed vertically or horizontally.

Water can flow between rings in either vertical or lateral directions simultaneously.

Gravelpave2 porous paving allows you to park, drive, walk, or ride on a beautiful decorative gravel surface. Gravelpave2 is a structure to provide heavy load bearing support and true containment of gravel to create a porous surface with unlimited traffic volume and/or duration time for parking. The system can be used for storage and filtration of rainwater.

Rainstore3 is a plastic structure used to store stormwater underground. Made from injection molded plastic, a single panel contains 36 vertical columns and exceeds H-20 loading, allowing the construction of driving areas, parking lots, or other small structures above the system.

Slopetame2 is much more than an erosion control blanket or mat. Slopetame2 is a permanent three-dimensional reinforcement and stabilization matrix for steep vegetated slopes and channel banks. The integral rings, bars, grid, and fabric act to contain upper root zone soils, allow vegetation roots to easily pass through, and minimize movement and loss by rain or flowing water.

www.BrockWhite.ca

E- 2

Invisible Structures, Inc, Rainstore3

Site Work Field Guide

Rainstore3 is a modular and stackable structure used to store stormwater underground. Made from injection molded plastic, a single panel contains 36 vertical columns and exceeds H-20 loading, allowing the construction of driving areas, parking lots, or other small structures above the system. Built-in compression fittings allow units to be easily stacked to a variety of depths up to 7.9ft pr 2.4 meters.

Benefits

• Allows development of valuable land resources by moving stormwater ponds below ground • Available Pre-Assembled in Depths from 4” to 7.9 ft (2.4 m) • 94% Open for Water Storage • Eliminates Stone Requirements • Easy Installation

Applications

• Underground Stormwater Storage • Detention or Retention Systems • Water Harvesting The Rainstore3 modular system is more efficient at storing and recharging water than arched chambers and corrugated plastic or metal pipe. Rainstore3 is less expensive than concrete vault chamber.

E- 3

Drainage Products - Prinsco

Site Work Field Guide

GOLDLINE® GOLDLINE is soil-tight, high density polyethylene plastic pipe. It is ® GOLDLINE lightweight and easy to maneuver for efficient installation. GOLDLINE ®

® is available ® GOLDLINE is(slots), soil-tight, high density plastic pipe. It is and can be supplied with high performance in perforated drilled (holes) or polyethylene non-perforated configurations, ® lightweightfabric. and easy to maneuver for efficient installation. GOLDLINE is available geotextile in perforated (slots), drilled (holes) or non-perforated configurations, and can be supplied with high performance Advantages Applications geotextile fabric.

Culverts Conduit Meets or exceeds ASTM F405 or F667 requirements Advantages Applications Agricultural Drainage Grain Aeration Available in AASHTO grade to meet or exceed AASHTO Culverts Conduit Meets or exceeds ASTM F405 or F667 requirements Highway Drainage Air Ducting M252 or M294 requirements Agricultural Drainage Grain Aeration Available in AASHTO grade to meet or exceed AASHTO Leachbeds HDPE material is completely resistant to rusting, corrosion, Highway Drainage Air Ducting M252 or M294 requirements and deterioration Building and Construction Drains Leachbeds HDPE material is completely resistant to rusting, corrosion, Each pipe end has four built-in lugs which snap into place Containment Pipe and deterioration Building and Construction Drains by simply pushing the two adjoining pipe ends together, Soil Stabilization eliminating the need a separate coupler Each pipe end has fourfor built-in lugs which snap into place Containment Pipe by simply pushing the two adjoining pipe ends together, Soil Stabilization eliminating the need ® for a separate coupler

GOLDFLO WT GOLDFLO WT is a ®high density polyethylene plastic pipe with a watertight integral gasket bell and spigot GOLDFLO coupling systemWT which allows for quick and easy installation therefore reducing costs and increasing efficiency. ®

® GOLDFLO WT is a high density polyethylene pipe with strength a watertight gasket bell and spigot This superior design results in a watertight pipeplastic with maximum and integral optimum flow characteristics. coupling system which allows for quick and easy installation therefore reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

Applications Advantages This superior design results in a watertight pipe with maximum strength and optimum flow characteristics.

Highway Drainage Bell and spigot verified to ASTM D3212 10.8 psi laboratory Applications Advantages test Parking Lot Drainage Highway Drainage Bell and spigot verified to ASTM D3212 10.8 psi laboratory Manning’s “n” value of 0.012 allows for greater flow Storm Sewers test Parking Lot Drainage capacity and reduces sediment or debris build-up Storm Water Retention Manning’s “n” value of 0.012 allows for greater corrosion flow Storm Sewers HDPE material completely resistant to rusting, Systems capacity and reduces sediment or debris build-up Storm Water Retention and deterioration Culverts HDPE material completely resistant to rusting, corrosion Systems Lightweight and easy field manipulation saves time, labor, Ventilation and deterioration Culverts and allows for the use of smaller equipment while Aeration contributing to easy a safer working environment Lightweight and field manipulation saves time, labor, Ventilation and allows for the use of smaller equipment while Aeration contributing to a safer working environment

Drain Tube Accessories Drain Tube Accessories

Radon Sump Pit Radon Sump Pit

Elbow

Available in a one piece product Elbow or a two piece Available in a product one piece product or a two piece product

Coupler

Snaps on the exterior of the Coupler pipe for on a solid Snaps the connection exterior of the pipe for a solid connection

Wye

Special fitting for layoutsWye requiring a 45° connection Special fitting for layouts requiring a 45° connection

www.BrockWhite.ca

Reducer Reducer

Tee Available in a blindTee tee or a Available in a straight tee blind tee or a straight tee

E- 4

D-4716

Flow Rate 3

Drainage Products - American Wick Drain

gpm Lpm

1 - PP = Polypropylene; HIPS = High Impact Polystyrene 2 - AASHTO Designation: M 288-06 Standard Specification f 2006. Geotextile survivability classification from installat 3 - In-plane flow rate measured at 3,600 psf (172 kPa) com

Site Work Field Guide

120 TF FX

™ SITEDRAIN Sheet 450 SerieS PREFABRICATED SHEET DRAINS

americanwick.com

PRODUCT OVERVIEW SITEDRAIN Sheet 450 Series prefabricated drains are constructed using a high strength, high flow capacity, formed polystyrene drainage core with a nonwoven, spun-bonded or woven filter fabric bonded to one side. The filter fabric is securely bonded to each dimple and prevents soil intrusion into the flow channel while allowing water to freely enter the drain core from one side.

SITEDRAIN Sheet 450 products offer a compressive strength and flow capacity that is significantly higher than geonet products, making it the ideal choice for high stress applications. SITEDRAIN 450 Series is available with filter fabrics meeting AASHTO M 28806 specifications.

Typical Property Values

ASTM Test Method

Unit of Measure

450

FABRIC Material 1

454

456

458 454-T 456-W

PPamericanwick.com PP 80 160 PREFABRICATED STRIP DRAINS 7,743 6,113 4,483 3,668 3,260 6,520 Lpm/m2 lbs 90 130 160 205 145 410 x 220 Grab Tensile Strength D-4632 N 400 578 712 912 645 1,824 x 979 PRODUCT OVERVIEW lbs 35 75 90 120 50 105 Puncture Resistance D-4833 N 156 334 400 534 222 SITEDRAIN Strip 6000 Series prefabricated soil drains are constructed by fully wrapping a perforated, 467 sievea nonwoven 50 filter fabric.

70 The 70 high flow capacity polystyrene core with filter fabric80 is bonded80 to the core 45 Apparent D-4751into the flow channels while allowing water to freely enter the drain core andOpening preventsSize soil intrusion mm 0.297 0.210 0.210 0.177 0.177 0.354 from all sides.

2.8 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.0 2.3 Permittivity D-4491 sec-1 SITEDRAIN Strip 6000 is a cost-effective, sustainable, performance driven alternative to perforated Grab Elongation D-4632 % 65 70 70 70 60 15 pipe & stone systems. SITEDRAIN Strip 6000 is available with filter fabrics meeting AASHTO M 288-06 UV Resistance D-4355 % / 500 Hrs 70 70 70 70 70 90 specifications.

Survivability Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class 3 Class 2 & 3 AASHTO M 288-06 2 Typical ASTM Unit of 6000 6400 6600 6800 COREProperty Values Test Method Measure 1 HIPS HIPS HIPS HIPS HIPS HIPS MaterialFABRIC

™ SITEDRAIN Strip1906000 SerieS 150 110 90 gpm/ft Water Flow Rate D-4491 PP

PP

PP

PP

2

in .25 .25 .25 .25PP .25 PP .25 PP PP D-1777 2 mm gpm/ft6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 150 150 110 6.35 90 D-4491 2 psf Lpm/m 45,000 45,000 45,000 6113 6113 45,000 4483 45,000 3668 45,000 D-1621 kPA 2,155 2,155 lbs2,155 115 130 2,155 160 2,155205 2,155 Grab Tensile Strength D-4632gpm/ft 13 13 13712 13 912 13 N 13 512 578 D-4716 Flow Rate 3 Lpm/m lbs 161 161 161 16190 161 120 161 70 75 Puncture Resistance D-4833 1 - PP = Polypropylene; HIPS = High Impact Polystyrene N 311 334 400 534 2 - AASHTO Designation: M 288-06 Standard Specification for Highway Applications; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, sievein subsurface 70 70 70 80 2006. Geotextile survivability classification from installation stresses drainage applications.

Apparent Openingat Size D-4751 3 - In-plane flow rate measured 3,600 psf (172 kPa) compressivemm load and a hydraulic gradient of0.210 1.0.

0.210 0.210 0.177 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.3 Permittivity D-4491 sec-1 Grab Elongation D-4632 % 70 70 70 70 SHEET DRAIN STRIP DRAIN UV Resistance D-43551209%Airport / 500 Road, Hrs Monroe, 70 NC 28110 70 70 70 TF 800.242.WICK • PH 704.238.9200 RECYCLED Survivability Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 AASHTO M 288-06 2 CONTENT FX 704.238.0220 • info@americanwick.com Material 1 Thickness Water Flow Rate Compressive Strength

E- 5

CORE Material 1 in

HIPS 1.0

HIPS 1.0

HIPS 1.0

HIPS 1.0

AquaBlok®

Site Work Field Guide

AquaBlok (PONDSEAL) utilizes a dense aggregate (limestone) core coated in powdered bentonite clay to dependably deliver a sound seal to any area prone to or experiencing water loss. The product is made from the same high quality Wyoming sodium bentonite used in landfills and other demanding sealing applications. Due to the extreme low permeability, internal weight (density), and expansive characteristics of this novel composite particle, each individual “pebble-like” unit swells into adjacent particles to produce a uniform and durable layer – stopping the leak at its source.

AquaBlok offers reliable bentonite clay delivery through water creating an impermeable seal to stop leaks in ponds and other waterways.

The product’s weight and structure allow each composite particle to sink and self-compact, adding physical integrity to the resulting sealant layer. Once a water body is determined to be leaking, traditional techniques limit the remedy options. Unlike with other bentonitebased alternatives (e.g. powders, chips, pellets), AquaBlok will not drift or dissipate, so the material is certain to go exactly where you place it and where you need it. Appropriate applications include ponds, lakes, reservoirs, canals, dams, and more.

www.BrockWhite.ca

E- 6

EcoRaster® - Gound Reinforcement System

Site Work Field Guide

GROUND REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM FOR GOLF COURSES → Permanent drainage → Stable, non-slip, dry surface → Minimal maintenance

E- 7

Landmark™ Earth Solutions - BarriCage ™

Site Work Field Guide

landmarkearthsolutions.com Landmark™ Earth Solutions introduces BarriCage™, an economical answer to barrier and defense needs.

The collapsible system is durable and versatile enough TryforBARRICAGE on forin SIZE to be used numerous applications both civil Try BARRICAGE on for SIZE engineering and military force protection efforts. And quick installation and manageable weight and transport make BarriCage ideal for emergency situations.

to barrier to be used tection BarriCage e

BARRICAGE™ BARRICAGE™ When waters threaten the safety of our communities, BarriCage

is there to offer emergency defense. BarriCage When waters threaten the safety of ourflood communities, BarriCageis a wire grid container with aflood geotextile lining perfect for with dirt, sand, is there to offer emergency defense.

BarriCage is afilling wire grid rock of various sizes, or othermaterial from sitesand, of use. BarriCage container with a geotextile lining perfect for filling withthe dirt, removes for time- from and cost-consuming equipment; creating rock of various sizes,the or need othermaterial the site of use. BarriCage FD-3 setup;and andcost-consuming filling easily with dirt, sand,creating or gravel. removes theeasy, needquick for timeequipment; easy, quick setup; and filling easily with dirt, sand, or gravel.

FD-4

HEIGHT

WIDTH

LENGTH

CAGES

HEIGHT FD-3

3 ft. WIDTH

3 ft.LENGTH

15 ft.CAGES

5

FD-4 3 ft.

4 ft. 3 ft.

3 ft. 15 ft.

15 ft. 5

5

4 ft.

3 ft.

15 ft.

5

ed in choose

vantageous ier

e and eliminates sizes for the protection e

pe

BarriCage is made with 8- and 6-gauge aluminum-zinc-coated steel wire. A heavy non-woven geotextile fabric lines units rapid and secure fill with locally available infill material.

BarriCage is available inlines 3’ and 4’ heights.

BarriCageBarriCage is made with 8-for and 6-gauge aluminum-zinc-coated steel wire.

A heavy non-woven geotextile fabric BarriCage connecting pins, unitsavailable can be safely and easilyBarriCage connected, creating true BarriCageAnd, unitswith for rapid and secure fill with locally infill material. is available in 3’versatility. and 4’ heights.

And, with BarriCage connecting pins, units can be safely and easily connected, creating true versatility.

www.BrockWhite.ca

E- 8

Curlex® GreenSavers

Site Work Field Guide

CURLEX® GreenSavers Successfully used by leading Golf Courses in our climate for over 23 years!

Late Fall Application

Early Spring Removal

How does it work?

• Allows better air circulation, which creates a more constant surface temperature by preventing heat build-up.

• Helps prevent grass dessication (drying out) on high, windswept greens.

• Provides insulating properties that help reduce frost penetration.

• Helps establish quality greens early in the spring, thus extending the playing season by two to three weeks.

• Maintains a more constant temperature, thus minimizing the freeze/thaw cycle’s negative effects.

CURLEX® GreenSavers natural blankets provide winter protection against drying winds, frost penetration, grass dessication, and freezing cold on all golf greens.

Easy Installation

• Anchor GreenSaver blanket with 6” securing pins at about 6’ spacing.

• Do not overlap blankets.

• Install as late as possible. Soil temp should around 4 C and grass must be dormant.

• Remove blankets after danger of -6 C weather has passed.

• When stored properly CURLEX® GreenSavers can be used for years.

Sizes Available

4’ X 50’ GreenSaver Blanket BW# 0200858 4’ X 100’ GreenSaver Blanket BW# 0202208 E- 9

8’ X 50’ GreenSaver Blanket BW# 0209747 6” Securing Pins BW# 21229, BW# 200012

Diamond Mesh and Flat Profile Fencing

Site Work Field Guide

We in the the quality qualitythat thatmakes makesususstand stand above the rest We build build in above the rest We build in the quality that makes us stand above the rest We build in the quality that makes us stand above the rest

Diamond Mesh DLW 4100 Diamond 4100 DiamondMesh Mesh DLW DLW 4100 Diamond Mesh DLW 4100

Packaging Quest is 24 rolls/pallet (Shipping advantage).

Diamond Mesh DLW 4100 Packaging Quest is24rolls/pallet 24rolls/pallet (Shipping advantage) Packaging isQuest (Shipping advantage) Shipped crossthatched stable/easier PackagingQuest is 24rolls/pallet (Shipping advantage)

storage.

Shippedcrossthatched crossthatched stable/ easier storage Shipped stable/ easier storage Shipped storage crossthatched easier storage Tighter in stable/ warehouse.

Tighter storage warehouse Tighter storage in in warehouse Tighter storage in warehouse Packaging Quest is 24rolls/pallet (Shipping advantage) Shipped crossthatched stable/ easier Bright long lasting color withstorage consistency Color Bright long lasting with consistency Color Color BrightBright long lasting color with consistency long color lasting color with consistency Tighter storage inUV warehouse Higher concentration of inhibitors adds to longevity Higher concentration of UV inhibitors adds Higher concentration of UV inhibitors adds to Higher concentration of UV inhibitors addslongevity to longevity

Color

HDPE Color

HDPE HDPE HDPE

Snow fence WB WB 4100 4100 Snow fence WB 4100 now fence

HDPE

to longevity

Bright long lasting colorweather with consistency Thermally stabilized forfor better degradation Thermally stabilized better weather degradation Thermally stabilized for better weather degradation Thermally stabilized better weather degradation.

Higherand concentration of UVfor inhibitors adds to longevity Virgin plastic can be recycled VirginVirgin plasticplastic and can andbe canrecycled be recycled

Virgin plastic and can recycled.

Snow Fence WB 4100

Thermally stabilized for better weather degradation Virgin plastic and can be recycled

Snow fence WB 4100 Pallet sizes 100 rolls/skid for costfor effective shipping 100 rolls/skid cost effective shipping Pallet Pallet sizes sizes100100 rolls/skid for cost effective rolls/skid for costshipping effective

Pallet Sizes 13 lbs/roll

13 lbs/roll 13 lbs/roll

13 lbs/roll

shipping 13 lb/roll.

Pallet sizes 100 rolls/skid forstabilized cost effective shipping HDPE HDPE virgin plastic Thermally virgin plastic Thermally stabilized HDPE virgin plastic stabilized 13 lbs/roll 17% stonger dueThermally to virgin plastic 17% stonger due to virgin plasticstabilized.

Virgin thermally 17% stongerplastic due to virgin plastic 17% due tostabilized virgingain plastic HDPE virgin plastic Thermally Strength forstronger approximately 25% strength Strength oriented oriented for approximately 25% strength gain 17% stonger due to and virgin plastic Strength oriented for approximately 25% strength gain Will stand up to wind loads will not stretch Will stand up to wind loads and will not stretch WillOriented up tofor wind loads and will not stretch Can bestand tensioned for long term approximately 25% strength gain.

Can be tensioned for longinstallation term installation Strength Can beoriented for for approximately 25% strength gain tensioned long term installation Will standupup to wind loadsnot and will not stretch.

Will stand to wind loads and will stretch Snow/drift SF and winter barrier have 50% opening for driftfor control Snow/drift Can SF and winter barrier have 50% opening drift control be tensioned for long term installation.

Can be tensioned for long term installation Snow/drift SF and winter barrier have 50% opening for drift control

HDPE

Strength

Snow/drift SFSF& and winter barrier havehave 50% opening drift control Snow/drift winter barrier 50% for opening for drift control

www.BrockWhite.ca

E - 10

Brock White Geo-Environmental Construction

Site Work Field Guide

Construction Site Services Brock White Geo-Environmental Construction

2703 - 61 Avenue SE, Calgary AB T2C 4X3, 403-287-5889, 1-877-287-5889 Brock White Geo-Environmental Construction is a COR™ certified contractor specializing in the installation of various erosion & sediment control measures, Geosynthetic (GCL) Clay Liners, geomembranes, geowebs, geogrids and fabrics (including on site sewing), silt curtains, under slab vapor membranes, gabion structures and rip rap, slope reinforcement, drainage systems, flood mitigation, shoreline protection and pond liners. We can provide both firm price and unit rate costing, and our construction crews and equipment can be on site and ready to serve you in locations throughout western Canada.

Certifications

Brock White Geo-Environmental Construction is COR™ certified, I.S.O. 9001 registered and approved contractor with ISNetworld, CanQual, PICS and ComplyWorks.

Our construction crews are WCB approved and fully insured to meet your safety needs. The Brock White Geo-Environmental team has been trained and certified in Equipment Operation, First Aid/CPR, H2S, Ground Disturbance, Fall Protection, WHMIS, TDG, CSTS, Oil Sands/Mine Safety, Worksite Investigations, OSSA and more. Providing our clients with safety-trained personnel will reduce overall project costs, save time and keep production at its highest.

Recent Projects

• Mahogany Lake - 400,000 m2 of Bentofix GCL liner • Suncor pond 5 - install 1.2 mil m2 of geogrid and fabric • Glenmore reservoir - 5,000 ft. of turbidity curtains • Policeman’s flats - Gabions, Tri-lock and RECP matting • Stoney Trail - 120,000 m2 RECP matting, 2,500 Tri-lock & 500 m2 gabions • Cranston Pond - 35,000 m2 EPDM matting • Prince George - 10,000 m2 pvc Radon gas under slab membrane • Silt fence and sediment logs - 2012 totals of 30,000 lm • Albian Sands Intermittent Dyke - 140,000 m2 Bentofix GCL liner • Suncor - North Steepbank Fort McMurray - 100,000 m2 of GCL E - 11

SERVING THE ALBERTA MARKET

Conversion Tables

Site Work Field Guide  English Units 12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 5,280 feet = 1 mile 144 square inches = 1 square foot 9 square feet = 1 square yard 43,560 sq ft = 1 acre 1728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard 8 fluid ounces = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches 1 cubic yard = 202 gallons 7.48 gallons = 1 cubic foot

Metric Units Milla = 1/1000 Centi = 1/100 Kilo = 1,000 Mega = 1,000,000 Used with meters, liters, grams, etc.

Measurement Conversions

Measurement Conversions

If You Have

Multiply By

To Find

If You Have

Multiply By

To Find

inches mils inches inches centimeters inches yards meters meters in2 cm2 ft2 in2 ft2 ft2 cm2 yd2 yd2 m2 m2

1000 0.001 25.4 2.54 0.3937 0.0254 0.9144 1.0936 39.37 6.452 0.155 144 0.00694 929.03 0.0929 0.00108 0.8361 0.0002066 1.196 10.76 43,560 4840 1.805 0.554 0.01639 61.024 231 0.03215 32 4 0.25 128 0.00781 0.02957

mils inches millimeters centimeters inches meters meters yards inches cm2 in2 in2 ft2 cm2 m2 ft2 m2

liters in3 cm3 in3 in3 ft3 ft3 m3 ft3 yd3 m3 yd3

33.8141 0.004329 0.06102 16.39 0.00058 1728 0.02832 35.314 0.037 27 1.308 0.7646 11.3 0.0885 4.88 0.2048 0.02454 40.75 0.0005 2000 0.9072 1000 0.001 0.0022 453.5924 0.4536 2.205 145 0.006895

fluid ounces gallons (us) in3 cm3 ft3 in3 in3 ft3 yd3 ft3 yd3 m3

acres acres fluid ounces in3 in3 liters gallons (US) fluid ounces quarts gallons (US) quarts gallons (US) fluid ounces fluid ounces

Acres yd2 ft2 ft2 yd2 in3 fluid ounces liters in3 in3 quarts fluid ounces quarts gallons (US) fluid ounces gallons (US) liters

w/c ratio gal. water/bag of cement lb/ft2 kg/m2 ft2/gal m2/liter lbs tons (US) tons (US) kg g g lbs lbs kg mpa psi

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gal. water/bag of cement w/c ratio kg/m lb/ft2 m2/liter ft2/gal tons (US) lbs tons (METRIC) g kg lbs g kg lbs psi mpa

F- 1

Conversion Tables

Site Work Field Guide

 Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures from English Units When You Know inches inches feet yards miles

Multiply By 25.4 2.54 30.5 0.91 1.61

To Find millimeters centimeters centimeters meters kilometers

Approximate Conversions to English Units from Metric Measures When You Know millimeters centimeters meters meters kilometers

Multiply By 0.039 0.39 3.28 1.09 0.62

To Find inches inches feet yards miles

 Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures from English Units When You Know sq. inches sq. feet sq. yards acres sq. miles

Multiply By 6.452 0.092 0.836 0.4047 2.59

To Find sq. centimeters sq. meters sq. meters hectare sq. kilometers

Approximate Conversions to English Units from Metric Measures When You Know sq. centimeters sw. meters hectares sq. kilometers

Multiply By 0.155 1.196 2.471 0.386

To Find sq. inches sq. yards acres sq. miles

 Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures from English Units When You Know cubic inches fluid ounces cups pints quarts gallons cubic feet cubic yards cubic feet cubic yards

F- 2

Multiply By 16.0 29.6 0.24 0.473 0.946 3.791 0.028 0.76 28.3 764.5

To Find millimeters millimeters liters liters liters liters cubic meters cubic meters liters liters

OUR MATERIALS HELP BUILD THE PROJECT. OUR WHOLE COMPANY MAKES IT A SUCCESS.

Burnaby

Surrey

Langley

Kamloops

Kelowna

Victoria

Prince George

Calgary

Edmonton

Edmonton

Lloydminster

Saskatoon

Regina

Winnipeg

Thunder Bay

7851 Enterprise Street Burnaby, BC V5A 1V5 604-299-8551 604-299-3343 (Fax) 1-800-665-6200

760 Laval Crescent Kamloops, BC V2C 5P3 250-374-3151 250-374-3843 (Fax) 1-877-846-7502

2703 - 61 Avenue S.E. Calgary, AB T2C 4X3 403-287-5889 403-287-5881 (Fax) 1-877-287-5889

803 - 48th Street East Saskatoon, SK S7K 0X5 Phone 306-931-9255 306-242-7113 (Fax) 1-800-934-4536

7678 - 132nd Street Surrey, BC V3W 4M9 604-576-9131 604-576-3154 (Fax) 1-877-846-7506

3502 Spectrum Court Kelowna, BC V1V 2Z1 250-765-9000 250-765-7585 (Fax) 1-800-765-9117

12835 - 170 Street Edmonton, AB T5V 1L8 780-447-1774 780-447-1778 (Fax) 1-800-724-1774

1305 Pettigrew Ave. E. Regina, SK S4N 5W1 Phone 306-721-9333 306-721-2405 (Fax) 1-800-578-3357

#106, 20121 - 100A Ave Langley, BC V1M 3X6 604-888-3457 604-888-4361 (Fax)

2658 Wilfert Road Victoria, BC V9B 5Z3 250-384-8032 250-381-0039 (Fax) 877-846-7503

Mechanical Insulation & Roofing Systems 12959 156 Street Edmonton, AB T5V 0A2 780-452-4710 1-800-264-2280

879 Keewatin Street Winnipeg, MB R2X 2S7 Phone 204-694-3600 204-694-0800 (Fax) 1-888-786-6426

www.BrockWhite.ca

1706 Ogilvie Street Prince George, BC V2N 1W9 250-564-1288 250-563-7333 (Fax) 1-877-846-7505

4806 - 62 Avenue Lloydminster, AB T9V 2E9 Phone 780-875-6860 780-875-0210 (Fax) 1-877-775-6860

715 Norah Crescent Thunder Bay, ON P7C 5H9 Phone 807-623-5556 807-623-6277 (Fax) 1-800-465-6920