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139 Brighton Ave. Allston. MA 02134 NEWS from BRAZIL · MAY 1995

Cardoso is. An unpublished study from

to a subject in which Brazil is not

UNICEF shows that in some Brazilian

excelling. As in past issues dealing

President Fernando Henrique

municipalities more than 80% of the

with less than flattering subjects our

Cardoso seems to have all his pri

youngsters between 11 and 17 are

intention is not only to point fingers

orities in the right order. He knows

illiterate. It took the whole last decade

and show wounds. We want to pro

the importance of education to take

for the country to cut its illiteracy rate

voke thought, raise consciences,

Brazil a step beyond

underdevel

from 25% to 20%. It's a dismal situ

awaken your fury not against the

opment and give the country a crack

ation made even more dramatic when

messenger who brings you the news

at modernity. That's why the has

compared to Brazil's neighbors such

but the situation itself. Some people

picked up educationas priority num

as Argentina and Uruguay where the

(the lazy ones) prefer to cover the

ber one.

percentage of illiterates is a mere 4.7%

mess with a flashy cloth. If only they

The task however is more for Superman than the Sociologist that

and 3.8% respectively. Once again we dedicate our cover

could understand that cleaning it would make much more sense. R.M.

Cover Education: we're flunking the challenge

FlorHio makes his mark in Hollywood

100 days with the president

f.2..Q.d. Home cooking with a pro

20 Minas Gerais can't wait

23 When marijuana is a sacrament

27 Film: starring in Chicago

29 Conto Clarice Lispector 's Happy Birthday

Cover by Aylan Francesco

DEPARTMENTS 6 Rapidinhas 14 Letters 45 Brazilian Notas 46 The Cultural Pulse 47 Por ai 49 Classifieds 50 U.S.A. Calendar 52 That's Brazilian

39 Travel From Rio to Ouro Preto with charm

42 A sextet who's rewriting our music

54 Taking shots and laughing in the Amazonia

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Publisher and Editor: Rodney Mello /Associate Editor: Carlos Ravelo /Entertainment Editors:Sam& Harriet Robbins/Reporter: Francine Alexander I Book Review: Bondo Wyszpolski I Representatives: MIAMI: Tania Mahon (305) 253-4201 - NEW YORK: C.A.T.S. Custom Advertising and Tour Services (718) 746-0169 -SAN FRANCISCO: Felipe Magalhaes (415) 648-5966 -Founder: Gilberto Ferreira NEWS from BRAZIL is published monthly by News from Brazil- 2039 N. Ave. 52, Los Angeles, CA, 90042-1024. Application to mail at second class postage rate is pending at Los Angeles, CA. Single copy sold for $2. One year subscription for 12 issues is $3.00 (three dollars) in the U.S., $15 in Canada and Mexico, and $18 in all other countries. Allow 5 to 7 weeks to receive your first issue. Permission is hereby given to quote from or reprint any of the contents with proper copyright credit. Editorial submissions are welcome. We occasionally reprint articles originally published by Correlo Brazi/Jense. News from Brazil assumes no responsibility for any claims made by its advertisers.

POST MASTER: Pl-se, send address changes to News from Brazil- P.O. Box 42536- Los Angeles, CA- 90050-0536 NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

RRPIDINHRS Nobody' beats the Carioca (native from Rio) ingenu ity. Robbers from the "marvelous city" have created the ultimate car ho1d:;jlp,You need three people. While two of them stick;a.weapon to the diiver'sJlea'd,,1n front of the car, the third thief is driving a'.,. wheelchair, thus preventing any espape. A·pioneer project in Latin America, Rio has just opened its first gay resort. It's located on an island 40mileS: off the coast of Rio: At,this stage the plac�.. has apcomniodations for 20couples orily. All employees p.t the hotel are gay, 9ut,.the policy of the resort is to accept any �rson ' independent of their sexual preference. The project was opened on time for the Gaydnte,ma tioilal Congress to be held in·thi city,;in June. Spike·Lee, who lias been to Rio's Film Festival a iew years ago, can't believe the situation of Blacks !n Brazil. "You say you have no prejudice, but if·;you are olack there, you're relegated to the. last rung of society." So said the movie director in a ! * n C:ent ipterview to daily Rolh"a de Sao .Paulo and continued, "Brazil as sum�s tlie fac;ade'of o,ne blood one people: but the White Brazilian is the one who'has the power. To me this seelllS like a remnant of slavery." Lee has also revealed that Dori Caymmi is the arranger for a new song for Clockers, his nex:t movie.

Competing with merican. compa ding such giant . IBM and UniSy's, Brazilian firm Ensec has won the bid to install the security system in New York's Woild Trade Center garage, the same place that was hit in 1993 by a car-bomb that killed five· people and injured 250. The $2.6 million contract was sigQed after a, carefuL checkup of the company·· in Brazil, including consultations with Brazilian clients of the firm. The feat is just one,, more item on Ensec's resume. The security system at the White House's Old Executive Building was also installed by the Brazilian company.

� Collor among Armed with a Social Se curity card and a Driver's License, Fernando Collorde' Mello, 45, the impeached ex-president of Brazil, is spending his xt two years in Miami. The decision to come to the U was made after the ex president's 10 0- d a y around-th e world vaca tion. "I'm back on the public road," he said in his first inter view since being im peached. Even though he is for bidden from being voted in for any public post until the year 2,000, Collor said that he is ready to participate in

�

national debates about the country. He has also an nounced that he will start writing a book in which he promises to reveal "minute details, names and affilia tions" of those who partici pated in his administration. His inten tion, Collor says, is to prove that he has not take n p art i n "any prank that some people wanted to do in the incestuous relationship be tween the state and certain sec tors." Miami seemed an obvious choice: it has Macei6 's (Collor's hometown) climate and is the most Brazilian of any foreign city.

Guarana, Amazon's natural energizer, has> been selling as a smart drug in London and New York. Bought in powder form or in capsules the product is being ingested in huge doses with vodka. The recom mended dosage for reaching a blast is 20 guarana capsules for a bottle of vodka. The biggest consumers of guarana are the clubbers, who are abandoning ecstasy in favor of a product that's cheaper, guarantees similar effects and is strictly legal.

NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

n AGENDA 00 PRE.IIPENTE saGoUNC»·F liRA

LER �st>S CE OV1N1Ao:

In Brazil, until now, fans of the liquid kind of guarana, the only typical Brazilian soft drink, had only one real choice, the Antarctica guarana. Several smaller companies have launched the so-called tubainas, a poorer cousin of the guarana, and the Brahma com pany had its version of the Amazon beverage, but real lovers of the infusion would only have the Antarctica rendition of it. After years of testing 2000 different formulas and having spent $30 million in this process, Brahma is giving it another try. Why all this interest? In the soft drink market, guarana only loses to Coca-Cola.

The leftist-leaning PT (Workers' Party) is fast learning how to raise money the capitalist way. After the launching of the PT Visa Card in partnership with Bradesco bank, party leaders are thinking about creating a telebingo TV show and transforming the annual meetings of the party into a festival. The idea is to multiply by ten times the party's present income.

NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

TS�·RlltA ENCONTRO COI'I �Me,II)TAIUlS'

According to the Guinness Book of Records, French author Jules Romain's Les Hommes de Bonne Volante with its 4959 pages and 14 volumes is the most extensive book ever written. Gaucha (from Rio Grande do Sui) writer Tania Jamardo Faillace, 56, is ready to beat this record. She has just registered at Rio's Biblioteca Nacional her 0 Beco da Ve/ha (!'he Old Lady's Dead End Street) with 7748 pages in 19 volumes. It took her 10 years to write this saga with a ga llery of 200 characters who portray Porto Alegre's society during the 70's. Faillace is not in a hurry. She's been "showing the eggs like a proud mother hen" to friends, but hasn't started the search for a publishing house yet.

Since returning to New York from a trip to Brazil, Malcolm Forbes Jr., Forbes magazine editor in-chief and president of Forbes Inc, has been active in search of partners to invest in Brazilian businesses. The Forbes June 19 issue will carry a special section on Brazil in which the publication will make the point that Brazil is no Mexico. According to Malcolm, the country is living in an exceptional moment and he didn't hide his enthusi asm with the "new government's serious ness".

ast Fcbruar� <J. 3� students of

said.

the Dr Jose Borba clcmcntar�

If Fernando Henrique had not decided to gi' c a lesson for the

school. in the to\\ n of Santa

TV cameras. the regular instructor at Doutor Jose Borba '' ould

Mana da Vit6ria. Bahia. had a

ha,·c been a 20-ycar-old student teacher. Marilcnc de Sou;:a

substitute teacher. The kids

Rosa. Although. as an intern. she earns only the minimum'' age.

\\ ere all on their best bch:l\ ior. because

Sou1a Rosa con.sidcrs herself lucky: her paycheck comes on

e\·ery minute of the lecture'' as being shown

time. In a neighboring public school. the teachers arc three

on TV throughout Br:vil. The substitute.

months behind on their salaries.

although an academic of great distinction.

The main memory that Souza Rosa has of her da� s in

has no desire to teach at the primary lc\ el: he

elementary school. when she herself '' as a student at Doutor

alread� has a job that pa� s much better than the $200 a month most teachers earn.

Jose Borba. is of the leaky roofs. "\VhcncYcr it rained. \\C got .. she told nC\\ S \\Cekl� l"eJu.

soaking wet and we had to Icm·c.

President Fernando Henriquc Cardoso's

The current crop of students at Doutor Jose Borba do not h:l\ c

reason for coming to Santa i\laria da Vito ria

that particular worry. if only because the school'' as remodeled

had little to do '' ith enlightening a class

for the first time in almost 30 years. in preparation for the

room full of Bra;:ilian � outh. but e\ cr� thing

presidential \ isit.

to'' ith the marketing of politics. It \\ :IS the

Fernando Hcnriquc has a good reason to put education at the

debut of ·· Acorda Brasil! T:l na Hora da

top of his agenda. Leaky roofs arc far from a rarit� in man�

Escola ·· (Wake Up. Br:11il! lt"s Time for

Brazilian schools. but students and faculty at all le\ cis often

School).'' hich is intended to fulfill Fernando

ha,·c greater troubles to deal'' ith. According to a sun c� made

Henrique·s promise to make education ··pri

by UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). more than half

ori!� number 1·· of his administration.

of all Brazilian first-graders hm·c to be held back.

This \\ as not the first time that Cardoso

In Latin America. only Haiti. the Dominican Republic and

ani\ ed in Santa Maria da Vito ria to put on a

Guatemala hm·c a greater percentage of '' hat scents to be

TV show. He launched his presidential cam

student failure. but which is actually a reflection of the failure

paign there last year'' ith a rail� introducing

of the educational system. One of the main reasons that poorer

the real. the ne\\ currency that much helped

students come to school unprepared to learn is because their

his winning in the first round of t he elections

parents cannot giYe them the social. cultural and learning

in a field of SC\ en �andidates. When a cam

enrichment that children from more affluent families rccci\ c as

paign'' orkcr threw a 5-celltm·o piece on the

a matter of course.

platform. the then-candidate caught the coin

Nonsense textbool,;s - In Rio de Janeiro state. the Cicps

and declared. · -r 111 going to keep it. because .. this money's \\Orth something now .

(Integrated Centers of P ublic Education) ha,·c attempted to meet the needs of poorer children in the first four grades of

But '' hen President Cardoso came to

elementary school. Three hundred fifty thousand students at

substitute at Doutor Jose Borba. the lesson

tend �06 Cicps from 8 AM to PM daily and cat three meals for

plan turned into a disaster. The students

free. When the Cicps first opened a decade ago. they "ere

\\Crc more interested in \\<tYing at the cam

denounced as a publicity stunt by opponents of thcn-goYcrnor

eras than in hearing the presidential lecture.

LeoneI Brizola. \\ ho had championed the plan.

Fernando Hcnriquc. '' ho \\ aS trying in ,·ain

Howc,·cr. Marly de Abreu Costa. a professor at the State

to :1\ oid using difficult '' ords like "cqui,·a .. lcnc� or "motiYation." chose dcmocrncy as

UniYcrsity of Rio de Janeiro who is finishing a doctoral disser tation about the Cicps. says thnt the schools h:l\ c succeeded. A

the theme of his lesson. In an attempt to

sun·ey made in 1993 by three uni\"crsitics showed that 93%, of

bring this abstraction to life. Cardoso com

Cicp students did satisfactory "ork up to the third grade. But the

pared politics to a soccer game. He. the

reluctance of teachers to work more than the 3 '1:: hours that

president. is the coach. '' hilc the members of

Brazilian elementary schools arc usually in stssion lias been

his Cabinet arc the pia� crs.

detrimental to the Cicps.

According to FHC. the Br:vilian people

Rio de Janeiro's current state go\"crnmcnt. which has no

arc the fans up in the grandstand. where the

loYc lost for the contro,·crsial and flamboyant Bri�:ola. also docs

most the� can do is to boo or cheer. Back on

not care for the cx-goYernor's pet project. Ana Galhcigo.

his Uni\ ersity time as a teacher when Cardoso \\aS populari;:ing the Dependency Theory.

Undcr-Sccrctnry of Education for Rio state. told Rio newspaper .. .Jomal do Brasil. "We hn,·e Cicps without students .

he would hm c doubtlessly thought this com

With few exceptions. textbooks used in Bn11.ilian schools

parison an elitist "ay of seeing the problem.

arc inadcquntc not only in quantity. but also in quality. Accord

After the lecture. Cardoso graded himself on

ing to a recently-published study thnt \\<IS commissioned by the

a cune. "I think I dcscncd a C-minus." he

Education Ministry. many of the textbooks wh..ich the ministry

itself distributes are composed of lines and

19 teachers threw away their textbooks and followed the

lines of "pure nonsense."

constructivist path.

For example, high school students who

In 1992, when students at the Maria de

use the textbook Mundo Magico will find

Lourdes de Oliveira elementary school in

$$$

just one mention of Tiradentes. The book states that this was the nickname of Joaquim Jose da Silva Xavier, but there is not one word about the life of the 18th-century revolutionary or of his importance in Bra zilian history as a fighter for the country's liberation from Portugal. Many students in public schools also cannot keep up with the latest conquests in science and technology, because many sci ence textbooks have not been updated for

Belo Horizonte were failing their Portu guese tests, the faculty decided that the

(Percentage of Gross National Product invested in education) s,, eden Canada Russia United States England Japan German�

outdated textbooks were the problem. The teachers asked their pupils what they wanted to read and then composed a textbook just

7.6

for them. The Maria de Lourdes textbook

7.-l

teaches Portuguese using the poems of

70 5.6 :'\2 5.1

Carlos Drummond de Andrade and lyrics by Chico Buarque, as well as the rock group Legiao Urbana. In 1994, almost 70% of the students at Maria de Lourdes passed

!tal\

-l.(J -l.O

of textbooks published as long ago as 1950

BRAZIL

3.7

Abolishing entrance exam - Illiteracy

which are still being used in Brazilian

South Korea Spain

�.6

continues to be a problem in Brazil: 18% of

at least 10 years. There are even instances

schools, according to Lea Gaudenzi, a teacher, member of the Student Assistance Association (FAE) and coordinator of the

�.2

their Portuguese tests.

the population over 15 cannot read or write even their own names. If the criterion for illiteracy were less than four years of

commission of academics that wrote the

schooling, as educators recommend, there would be twice that

Education Ministry's textbook study.

percentage of Brazilian illiterates - 60 million, more than the

In frustration with the lack of textbooks

entire population of France. On average, it takes a Brazilian

which students would find both informative

student 12 years to complete the eight years of elementary

and worthwhile, some teachers have decided

school. However, the high dropout rate (some 75% of all

to resort to newspapers, comic books, lyrics

students do not finish elementary school) makes this statistic

from popular songs and even cookbook reci

nearly meaningless. Worst of all, approximately 5 million

pes in order to make learning more relevant

children between the ages of 7 to 14, whom Brazilian law states

to their pupils. While many teachers and

must go to school, have no access to classrooms.

parents have resisted constructivism, as this

Maria de Fatima de Moraes, 20, lives in Novo Airao,

method (or rather, anti-method) is called,

Amazonas, which UNICEF has revealed to have the highest rate

the results are eloquent. At the Maria Cristina

of illiterate teens in Brazil. Of those between the ages of 15 to

Schmidt Miranda elementary school inlhe

17 in this town of 13,000, 81.23% cannot read or write at all.

industrial Sao Paulo suburb of Sao Bernardo

Like her the vast majority of her slightly younger contemporar

do Campo, the rate of student repeaters fell

ies in Novo Airao, Moraes has never been to school. "When I

from 32% in 1991 to 10% in 1993, after the

want to send a note to some boy, I have to ask for help from a girlfriend. The problem is that then she knows my secrets,"

Mo r a e s

newsweekly

Jsto

told

Her

difficulties are similar to those encountered by many young people in the North and Northeast of Brazil. Acco r d i n g

Agop

Kayayan, UNICEF repre sentative in Brazil, "The situation is so critical that in some locations, there �re more young illiterates than old ones." While 13-year-old Julio Omar Ferreira has gone to school, he is not much bet10

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

ter off than Moraes. It took him four years to finish the first two grades of the el emen�ry school in his hometown ofSao Sebastiao do Oeste, Minas Gerais. At the end of the last school year, Ferreira was pro moted to the third grade only because his teacher feared that Ferreira's fa ther would take him out of school. But like his broth ers, who dropped out of school and were put to work after completing the fourth grade, Ferreira is con demned to enlarge the army of Brazilian kids who are functionally illiterate despite some time in school. "I can make

million teenagers who graduate from high school each year. They are painfully aware

out some words, but I almost always need help to read," Ferreira says.

that there are not enough spaces for them in

For those students who are able to make it to the secondary level, the main trouble has traditionally been the vestibular, the

Brazil's universities: only about 25% of them

dreaded entrance exam to university. Like the Scholastic Apti tude Test (SAT) in the US, students who can afford it go to cram

more than half of those will get their degree. But since those who do not graduate from

courses- called cursinhos in Portuguese - in order to get as

college will find it difficult to find fulfilling

high a score as possible. But unlike the SAT, which is only one

and well-paid careers, they are in search of

will be admitted into college, and just a bit

the right college and the major that will

factor in college admission (others include high grades and extracurricular activities}, the vestibular has been the only

propel them to success. Students who want to major in medicine,

gateway to Brazil's colleges. With the extinction of the vestibular, scheduled to take

dentistry, psychology, architecture, public

effect this year, that is going to change. Students and adminis

relations and journalism (all of which are

trators do not plan on mourning its demise. "A good student can

undergraduate programs in Brazilian uni

get nervous and do badly," 17 -year-old high school senior

versities) compete for a limited number of

Fernanda Pereira Coelho, who has the equivalent of a B aver

spaces. Teacher-training programs, on the

age, told Rio newspaper 0 Globo. "Others, who never worked hard in school, go running

other hand, go begging for prospects. The work conditions in most schools

off to a cursinho, find out what's going to be

CLASS TIME

on the test, and pass. One test doesn't measure anybody's knowledge."

Number of School

ing to invest time and money in higher

Days per Year

education, the profit should be worth

The vestibular may not be entirely elimi

are not attractive enough to make the low salary worthwhile. If one is go

nated, however. One of the proposals being considered by Education Minister Paulo Renato Souza is giving a comprehensive test at the end of all three years of high school. The average of the scores would be the col lege admissions offices' guide. But for the first time in Brazilian academic history, the grade point averages of students would be the main basis for university acceptance. The best is public

-"I only want to know

more than a few hundred dollars a Japan Spain Russia Germany Ita!� Hong Kong England Canada Unitcd States

2-B 220 .20X 200 to 226 .200 to 210

month.

IY5

universities, Brazil's public institutes of higher learning are held in greater esteem. Although the tuition-free

BRAZIL

180

about what can make it... I haven't got time to

192 1X6 180

Unlike the US, where many pri vate colleges are considered more prestigious than all but a few state

public colleges are far from being the exclusive haven of the rich (74% of all public university students come

waste." This pragmatic assertion by the Paulista (from Sao

from families where there is less than $150

Paulo) rock group Titas seems to be the motto for some 2

per person each month), it is true that stu-

NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

dents whose families would be able to afford private college tu ition do their best to avoid attend ing a private college. Students who are less affluent or whose vestibular scores are lower often pay what they barely afford for what is too often a second-rate education at a private college. At the private Catholic Uni versity of Pernambuco (Unicap), classified in 1992 by the Brazil ian Ministry of Education as one of the 20 worst colleges in the nation, 2600 students pay an av erage of 200 reais a month to enroll in classes with 70 students. The normal size of a Brazilian college class is closer to 30. In some classes, five students must share one computer. The tiny col lege library has not bought new books for years. But what is truly shocking is that only 5% of the faculty has ever gone to graduate school. "The lack of post-graduate degrees among the professors is going to turn Unicap into a huge high school," says Sergio Galdino, a computer science professor at the univer-

Report Card • Brazil approaches the year

2000 with 30 million "declared" illiterates, 20 million of them over _,-

• Industrialized nations have a work force with an average of

is less than four years

11 years of schooling. In Brazil, that

• In a comparison made by the International Institute for Management Development of Switzerland. about the qualification of the work force in 41 different countries, Brazil was in The quality of public education and the amount of learning in high school entered in the alutatlon:�! • If the trends of the past decade continue, Brazil should attain a 90% high school graduation rate year J.Q.B.Q, according to the CNPq (National Counsel of Scientific and Technological Deve nn�ni'Tot • According to UNESCO, 95% of Brazil's students have access to elementary education, but only 18% finish the fourth grade • Only 12% of the economically active population of Brazil are being prepared for a modern tec... """·E>·--�� society (F AO) • Just two in every

math classes

100 Brazilians in the seventh grade understand more than 70% of the contents of

• Brazil carne in last place in a survey made by UNICEF about the 10 worst countries where the pe:rcenta1ge: of children who get to the fifth grade is significantly worse than expected, considering the Gross Product. The next-to-last is Gabon, preceded by Haiti. On the list of the 10 best, China appeared in place • The monthly salary of Brazilian elementary and secondary teachers is, at best,

$300 a month NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

sity.

has pointed a finger at "educational middlemen" who spend

The deficiencies of many private colleges cannot

30% to 50% of the total expenditures meant for education.

be attributed to lack of money. The University of

Despite the inequities in the Brazilian educational sys

Nova Iguar;:u should be the wealthiest in BraziL Be

tem, there are some success stories. Israel Luziano Dias

sides students' tuition payments,

it received

grew up in a Sao Paulo tenement with parents who only

$15,000,000 in federal subsidies between 1989 and

knew how to write their own name. He was in and out of

1992. The owners of the university are the family of

school until he quit after being suspended for fighting. But

ex-CongressmanFabio Raunhetti, one of the "dwarves"

Dias fell in love with literature and the theater after he

investigated by the Budget Joint Parliamentary Com

befriended amateur cultural groups. "It was then that I

mittee (CPI) in 1994. Despite its wealth, the Univer

perceived that in order to do well and enjoy life, you need

sity of Nova Iguar;:u Medical School has labs where

to study a whole lot." He went to night school, got his

there are only 80 microscopes for 120 students. One

supletivo (General Education ·Diploma, or GED), and took

im munology professor asked to resign a year ago, but

the vestibular. Now Dias, at age 32, is a freshman history

the medical school still has not found a replacement

major at the University of Sao Paulo, the most prestigious

Owning a college can be a very profitable busi

college in Latin America. In spite of the odds against him,

ness, as Agripino Lima has found out He began as a

Dias is a winner.

•

farm laborer, truck driver, and door-to-door bookseller. Now,

INTERNATIONAL TOURS LOS ANGELES INC.

in addition to owning the 12,000-student University of West Sao Paulo (Unoeste),

(213) 613-0943 Downtown L.A. (310) 641-4894 LAX Airport ' (310) 575-4544 West L.A. (714) 668-1175 Orange County (714) 668-0515 Espaiiol •

Lima has four ranches with 25,000 head of cattle and is

•

the mayor of Presidente Pru

•

dente, the city in western Sao

•

Paulo state in which Unoeste is loc ated.

Lima

has

scruples in admitting that he uses the college's planes bought tax-free - for private purposes, such as travel with his family and transporting political friends. "The college is mine," Lima told newsweekly magazine

Veja. It must be.

Unoeste's graphic arts depart ment prints free of charge two daily papers and a weekly for the non-student population of Presidente Prudente. All three newspapers are favorable to the mayor. : A success story

While

Brazil does not invest as much

•

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of its Gross National Product in education as the US or many other industrialized nations, Brazil's percentage is higher than South Korea or Spain_ However, the World Bank es timates that of every $100 set aside by the Brazilian govern ment for educational purposes, only $20 actually gets to the classrooms. President Cardoso NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

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Letters

children a chance to experience life abroad to speak, to feel, to breathe ... Brazil. 'Your magazine brings me a l�t of information and enjoyment. I'm anxiOus by the third of the month if I haven't received it yet!

�{

Theodore M. Nieto Castro VaUey, Ca ornia

.X•1�1i1M:t�•J•1�1i

We are writing to thank-you for the use of five of your articles 111 our just published Fighting for the $oul ofBrazil. The book, we thillk, proVIdes an. excel lent overview of the many . s_oc1a� and political issues that face Brazilians 111 the 1990's. We have you to thank for contrib uting such fine work to this collection. Michael SheUenberger & Kevin Danaher - Global Exchange San Francisco, California

A few years back I was ortunate enough to see the Brazilian musical pro duction Oba Oba presented by Franco Fontana. I even saw it twice, once in 1991 and again in 1992. Do you kn�w �f this production will ever tour agam 111 the near future? Also, I would like to know if there ever was a video made of the show that I can purchase. . I just visited Brazi� for the fir�t time this last January and enJoyed the trip very much. I happened to come across your magazine in a Brazilian store on a t.nP. to Miami in 1993. I hope my subscnpt10n will keep me in touch with what is hap pening in Brazil.

vocalist. She sounded very m_ucl!- lil�e Karen Carpenter, but she �as sm & mg m Portuguese so I'm sure 1t wasn t her. The radio station was playing a mix from many decades, so I have no idea of when the song was recorded. Is there any chance you or any of you readers might know the singe� that I'm.describ ing? I'd sure appreciate the mforma tion. John Sherman Mills San Francisco, Cali ornia

t you ave a great pro uct. You should raise your rates though. Phil Hawkins Cerritos, California

ct•m��=t:t•:;• er arn

Once aga111, sendmg the e incredible amount of $6 for a two-year subscription to "Our News from Bra zil". Pedro R. Schaeffer Chula Vista, Cali rnia

�

Michael Zaldivar Honolulu, Hawaii

L'�•l:J:W;f£1aJle•t•�•:f s�

ver smce my c 1 oo I ve trav elled through many countries with my imagination by �a¥ of�ooks. �y fas�I nation for Brazil, Its history, Its social pains, its musi_ c, and its idiOsyncrasies have by far Impressed me the most. Born in America, only knowing a little about my Spanish lineage, I did some research and discovered that I had Por tuguese lineage. I traced it from Portu gal to Brazil and fmally to Albuquer que New Mexico. What a thrill it was to ieam this. Coincidentally, I had a true "Greencard" experience like the movie which has me married to a won derful Brazilian woman who. has pro duced two beautiful children. We've been married for eight years so far. I'm absolutely absorbed with Bra zil; in fact, I'm moving our family to Marataizes, Espirito Santo next year to experience life in Brazil for a year or two. In the last two years we've v_isit� Rio, Vit6ria, and we �ave fart:�Ily 111 Marataizes. I'm determmed to g1ve my ) • •lJ lf�o.· Ill' tl �o.·�i I· • ]'!IlL'-q•.tk ll1 !hi'> '-lJ.t]. ;_u�o·

New om BraziliS a we come change from many other publications an_d I do enjoy reading it. A�so, I am sendmg my thanks for forward111g my m:;ssage _ to Arsenio Fornaro. H1s article D1gg111g Dx'ing" in the January issue was of mter est to me and probably to many short wav�ners . Are there more articles of the same in the future? Hope so. Walter Szczepaniak Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

i:�,.Mlll�\=-i=fll'l•�M u :a a

Last mmer s vmg mner at a restaurant in Bahia when I heard a female

Assidua le1tora e admaadora inveterada de sua revista, gostaria. de manda-la como presente a urn an:ngo1 colega meu instrutor no M 1am1 Children's Hospital. Tenho muito orgulho do padrilo de repo�gem f�ito por voces, o qu� refon;a 3:111 <:Ja ma1s o nivel do jornahsmo bras1leuo, mos trando com clareza e sirnplic:idade os principais problemas. do Bras�l.. Tenho certeza que meu amigo ficara lillpres sionado e surpreso com o presente.

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ardo 100 Inflation has never been is low in recent times, in Brazil. The country is enjoying record exports ($3.8 billion in March alone), the harvest (78 million tons ) has ne er been so abundant, and in March the Revenue Service collected $7.2 billion in taxes, the biggest in the last ten years. The Brazilian economy will increase the equivalent to a Chile this year. Crime is being dealt with, with the use of the Federal Police, the President is personally engaged in a fight for better education and people have been spending money like crazy. Why in the hell then is everybody still complaining? EMERSON LUIS "What's happening to our Fernan do Henrique?" The question was re cently put to a friend by ex-vice-presi dent Aureliano Chaves, a politician known for his circumspection and economy of words. Chaves was won dering aloud about the changes Fernando Henrique Cardoso has un dergone since being inaugurated presi dent January 1. The 100-day trial pe riod has just passed and the rest of the country seems to be asking the same question, as though everyone felt per sonally betrayed by the President. His old friends from the left re membering that Fernando Henrique Cardoso had to live in exile due to his views accuse him of abandoning his socialist ideals. Former allies such as 16

ex-presidential candidate Lula, ex-Rio Governor Leonel Brizola and P ernambuco Governor Miguel Arraes have even cre ated a united front to fight his Social Security reforms and fa vor maintaining the state mo nopoly in several areas. His more recent friends on the right have been castigating him for reneg ing on his promises of opening the economy and privatizing most of the state monopolies. Despite all these complaints the Brazilian President has ended his first 100 days in better shape than his predecessors. His big gest accomplishment has been to maintain the inflation rate at less than 2% a month, in a coun try where a 40% a month infla tion rate had become the rule. He has been praised by political analysts for humbleness, some thing seemingly incompatible with his famous vanity. Having won in the election's first round, with 34 million votes in a field of six other presidential contes tants, Cardoso and his closest aides seemed convinced that the President had so overwhelming a mandate that he would be able to reform instantly the constitu tion with an assured majority in Congress. This didn't prevent the Presi dent from suffering at least three important defeats in Congress. One, when the Senate approved a new law limiting annual inter est rates to 12%. The measure was classified as an "atomic bomb" by Jose Serra, the Plan ning Minister. The other lost battle was the heavy opposition to the Security reform that forced the President to retreat and re study his position. More re cently, Congress voted for the abolition of the Referential Fee (TR) a fee used for correcting agricultural loans. With this re versal the federal government, through Banco do Brasil, might lose $3 billion. The biggest change in Car doso's behavior since he as sumed the presidency has been his abandonment of precaution when making promises. He has been announcing the construc tion of infrastructure projects with parallels only to the eco nomic miracle times of the 70's, with the difference that he has no money in the bank and no forthcoming foreign loans to NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

Day ·by,:,'

•

'.de!Y·' i: -{Fernando

Januan·

Henriqu� c;Jrcloso is in

augurate((<'-

J;inuar� 2- Conuuunica

tions Minister Scr�io

1\lotta p�O\okcs the fist

argument accusing PFL's

(Party of the Li beral

Front) senator

Antonio

Carlos Magalh:ks .. an

ally of the President of

"using politically" that

ministry in the xo ·s. Januar� .t

Administra

tion suffers its first defeat in Congress. For lack of a

quorum Pcrsio Arida is not S\\ om in as the Cen

tralBank Chief. That will happen on Januar�

ttl.

after some concessions by the gO\ernment.

January II

Finance

Minister Pedro Malan an

nounces that the foreign deficit ha? reached $XX-l million. a record.

January IH- House sym

bolicall� Yotes in faYor of

raising

the

minimum

''age from $XO t o $120.

Cardoso announces Yeto

and loses prcstige.

Januar� 19- ThcJoreign

balance deficit for De

cember is $XX-l. million re\cals Malan, after pre

' ions announcement that the amount �Yas only $-!7 million.

Fchruan 3

The Presi

dent goes·: oi1 TV for the

first time and talks about

the need to ,·cto the mini

mum \\age _increase.

FcbruaQ tO -_Cardoso

pummels the table while

defending reforms before l'aulistatfrom S:1o Paulo) businessiuciL Fchruar�

help him. To Nicias Ribeiro (Para's PMDB Party of the Brazilian Inflation is low and the IPEA Democratic Movement), (Institute for Applied Economic for example, he promised Research) forecasts that the to pave not only the 400 index will not go over 2% a km. of Transamazonica month until the end of June. To roadway as requested by accomplish this the government the congressman but also bas not used any type of price the remainder 2.400 km of freeze or savings confiscation as in past administrations. the road. The Palacio do Planalto had In confidenc es t o its structure overhauled. Chief friends Fernando Henrique of Staff Clovis Carvalho went has said that he has been back to his managerial func shot three times since tak tion after a fruitless stint as ing office. He was refer political articulator. ring to the Mexican eco Public expenditures have been nomic crisis, to a Central reined in. Finance and Plan Bank resolution that de ning Ministries as well as the pleted the treasury, and to National Treasury have been his inability to b u i l d strictly keeping their account bridges with the Congress. ing books. Except for the Mexican Tax collection has been at fiasco, which has forced record highs. It's estimated an overhaul of the ex that the federal government will change policy, the other get $63.5 billion in 1995, 11.5% shots referred to by the more t.Jl an in the last year. President were caused by his own doing. And, maybe as a courtesy to his predecessor Itamar Franco, he didn't mention another very dangerous bullet: the import feast promoted by Itamar and his Fi nance Minister Ciro Gomes which while giving an ephemerous first world air to Brazil, significantly helped to consume in a few months one third of the Brazilian reserves. In February, Brazil's commercial foreign bal ance closed with a record $1,095 billion deficit. In addition to imports former Finance Minister Delfim Netto, who called the measure an "elephantine mistake" nobody seems to have raised their voice against the administration when the president decided to raise to 70% the import tariff on 109 durable goods, mainly on auto's and appliances. The main target of the bitter pill was foreign cars which in February were imported in record numbers, contribut Stumbling ing $655 million to the defi The House of Representatives, cit. But there were also mo in a symbolic vote, approves torcycles, bicycles, toasters the $120 a month minimum and even orange juicers on wage. The President gets mad the list of undesirables. and says the measure would Henrique Mario break the government. Simonsen, another ex Fi Government has lost its first nance Minister, justified battles on constitutional reform Cardoso's action. "The al for lack of an effective dialogue ternatives," he said, "would with be a heavy devaluation of Congress. The same shortcom the real, which would send ing is delaying the discussion of inflation through the roof or the Social Security reform. we would enter into a very Cardoso until now has also serious recession." A real been unable to communicate to devaluation would make ev the public his thoughts and poli ery Brazilian a little poorer cies. A telling example was the overnight and would also change the administration made serve to increase inflation . in its exchange policy. The con fusing communique from the There's fear now that infla Central Bank provoked more tion will soar anyway since confusion and a run on the stock the imported products were market. being used to spur competi-

Right on

President'

says to unionist he is not a,

nco-liberal. This talk

about him being one. he

sa� s. is nothing more than

nllelllleuiH;m. The ·little NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

•

used word from Tupi

Guarani. ori gin which

means idle talk becomes a star in the media.

Fcbru;u·�·tH- Yo"- Populi poll shows;75% ofBra

zilians against' the prom

ised \·eto agaii1st the Illini . mum.· . . March 6

Reacting to

l\k'i.ico · s economic cri

sis. real is de,·alucd and

go\ernment institutes the system

e'i.change

bands. The dollar starts to

fluctuate bet\Yeen lU\6 and 0.<)0 reais.

l\hu·ch 9 - Central bank

spends about $5 billion trying to stop the dollar's fall on the black market.

March 17- Cardoso faces

in Rio the first organitcd protest against his admin istration.

March 2-1

New protest.

Now in Ceani.

I:9rmer Rio go,·crnorBrito Ia and e'i.

M;u·ch 27

prcsidq�ti�l candidate

Lula ·get together in Rio

and

launch

the front

against goYernment· re forms.

·March· is'_ Go,·ernment

retreats from the Social Sc�urity .reform after

noisy .,protests from the public and Congress. M;u·ch 29

-·

The import

tariff on 109 products is

raised to 70%.

M;u·ch 30- National sec

retary for Social Commu

nication.: Roberto l\tuy

lacrt. presents ·his letter of resignation and accuses

Cardoso; of asking from him what hc'was not sup posed to do�

Congress ends the usc of the TR (Refer Atn·il 5

ential Fee) to index agri

cultural loans. CUT tUni

fied Workers Fedenition)

promotes· a nationwide

day of protests against the reforms..

AJlril 7 -New protests in

Recife.

. Atu·illll_- Di1y 100 for the

president: There arc pro

tests eycrywherc he goes. . ..

. . 17

tion and keep down do mestic products' prices. In announcing the tariff , Malan had in sisted, " The decision does not represent - I want to underline the 'not'- in any way an abandonment of Bra zil's opening policy to wards the rest of the world." According to Simonsen it is pure se mantics and a waste of time to debate whether the administration's measure should be called a retreat or a de tour. For him, all the difficulties Cardoso's policies have endured have to do with unreal istic expectations. The Real, the new currency created b y Cardoso when he was Finance Minister of the previous administra tion, has been the big gest vote-getter for the President. But, accord ing to polls ordered by the government itself, people grew accus tomed to the new money and don't feel any spe cial emotion towards the currency anymore. That led Fernando Henrique to declare to a group of Ministers, "We need to regain the emotion to wards stability." The President, who has participated in pro tests against the govern ment beside the steel workers of Sao Paulo's ABC during the 60's, feels uncomfortable on the other side of the fence. Since March 17 when Cardoso had to face a protest against his government in his na tive Rio, where 500 pro testers calling the Presi dent a safado (rogue) and other epithets con fronted an Army battal ion causing light inju ries to four civilians, he has been the target of discontented chants, boos and an arsenal of tomatoes and eggs. Pro testers were again in the streets of Sao Joao do 18

The fingers

He said ..Lct" s not talk about thc first nnc hunJrcd da \ s_ about homhasti..: annomKcmcnts but ahnnt liHir 'cars of . ..:nnllnnous ach an..:cmcnh to \\anls rcfonns. ·· 1 I kc cm bcr. T\\o "ccks h..:li1rc hcnH! - Inan�mat..:d. ) --This Ycar \ \Ill h..: bctt..: r i\nd hc nc\t ..:Ycn hcttcr. ..

..llra11l 1s in <1 hun\·· t.l<nlllal\ lnaut!uratwn spccd1.) --\�-hcn thc Rcpnhh..:· s po"crs fll!hl. it" s Bra11l that cnds np loslilt! - - 1 l·chm<�n ) --wJuk It's not possibk tn pa\ ;1t kast $100 tas thc minimum \\al!CL th.: mlnhkrs \\ill do \\lthout thc r.: ..:.:nth ncat..:d _1oh grahfll<�llllll. "lu..: h r.:prcs.:nts ahnnt 2'"" of thcn salancs. and so thc l'rcsJdcnt and thc ,-i..:c prcsJdcnt "111 do "ith th.:1r sal;n�.:s .. 11 cbman ) I hcr.: arc thc prokssHHial pcssnnists -- som.: hc <·ansc of t..:mpcr;nncnt othcrs b..:..: ausc of nal \·ctc and still . so n1.: out nf h <�d fa 1 t h "lw c ontlll iC to prca..:h ·faiiiiiCIIJallla. The\ II\ to srarc th.: ..:onntn \\ 1lh th.:

ghost nf thc Me\ iran nish ( h11 rcscrYcs ..:nntinnc high: around $.�X hillwn . Our c\ports ha \c rcadcd anothcr surplus 111 .l;mnan .. 11 cbrnan 1

t.:sts n

..\\'.: arc h \Ill� 111 a tunc ,,f

Znu·

\\C had

I he fni<m..:wl

cuHwmi..: pn h l" atta..: mg th.: markct h<�s t.:st..:d ){cal. Congrcss IS t..:stiug the )(fonns <111d. mcan\\ hik. pcopk tcst nm ahillt\ to fm,J solutwns - - 1 Mm..:h During a IIICcllllg \\Ilh aides_) ..( >uh those \\ ith a n\ scusc of rcsponsthilit\ \\ill not rdrcat \\'hen on.: sccs a mhl<Ikc on..: rctrcats. In hattks

"hoc \·cr docs not rctr.:at. "Ill los..: . . 1 Mar..:h- lu a prcss ..:oukrcnrc J --or Jcmm:ran puts an cnJ to injnsti..:c or the mjus ticc - I'm not C\'Cll going tn uttc1 thc rest. but it is tmc. ·· ( M<�rdl. Sam..: prcss ..:oukrcncc 1

Fernando Henrique Cardoso used the fingers of his hand to announce his five-priority elec toral platform. How are they surviving the reality onslaught? Agriculture 1. Record crop announced: 81.6 tons of grain 2. 1 million hectares of rural land expropriated. 3. More than 16 thousan d rural families settled. Education 1. Campaign "Wake up Brazil, it's time for school". 2. Proposal to end vestibular, the exam which now is the sole determinant for admission to college. Health - 1. Tighter monitoring of 150 pharmaceutical indus tries. 2. Debt payment of the Universal Health System (SUS) Jobs - Reissue of presidential decree on employee's profit par ticipation. Security - 1. A bigger contin gent of Federal Police to par · ticipate in Opera<rao Rio, an operation against crime and drugs. 2. A pact between the US and Brazil to fight drugs.

--rhc same as \Oll. lh J S IS a dcmagogi..:al qn.:stion . What "ould 'ou do'' The indl\ 1dual gds dcspcrat..: i\ud \\C ..:annot kt millious f;dl 111 dcspan So \\C ha\'c to Jo thc rcfonn. so \\C ha,·c to h..: scrwns and not littk _tokcrs- tl'vlan:h S;mJo.: prcss ..:onkrcn<·c _ ans \\cring to

Wilham Fran.,-a from /·(,1/w de Silo l'aulo \\ll<l asked . --What ..:ititcn I crnando I kmiquc Cardoso \\ouiJ Jo if he carn..:J thc mimmum "age ,,f $XII'' .. )

·Thcsc arc not ..:omplamts. thc \ arc lltcrcsts. I ha\·c to t;1kc rare of the national mtcn.:st ·1 hen the \ takc ..:arc of thc1r o \\n_ .. (Mar..:h - 1\ns \\cnng a qucst1on \\h\ bns incssmcn "cr..: ..: omp

l <� in m g

about t hc

non

JliWati;ation of ldcbr;is <�nd l'ctrohr<�s- stat..: moiwpo hcs lin ..:ommuni..:ations and oil. rcspcdiYch )

--The\ h<JYc lost thc ck..:tious. Thc \ haY..: thc gcnn of

had,\\arJncss m their hcads and thcY \\ant to "Ill b \ shoutmg lhc\ ha\c Jcspaircd and ha\c lost their mmJs too··

1 Lnd of Mar..:h. Commcntin� on street protests

against him in Rw.) --w..: kl\c changed the c:oursc of the cnHiom \· bc

.:ausc thc \\oriJ has d mg..: J. We arc not going to rcpcat \\hat "as Jon..: Juring the ..:mtado (a c:uncnc\ crcatcJ in pi arc of then .:urrcnt u;ci J tim..: ''hen l'rcSIJcnt .los<!

Same \ chJn·t haY..: thc courage to take Hnpopular mea sures. \V.: "Ill tak.: c \·cn rcq11ircd mcasurc he the\ pop11lar or not.·· 1 Marc h. Tal ing to rd anJ ·s l'rcsiJcnt

Man J{obinson ) --w..: arc linn� an c\traordinaf\ momcnt. hut c\·cn·hod\ sccms to b afraid ··I i\ pn II

"Bratll cannot ha,·c the lll\llf\ of not h a\· ing a surplus in its commcr..:Ial balan..:c. i\nd hl"\111\ is a good \\Ord ti>r this. \Vc \ \cr..: importmg billions and billions in hl\un ..:ars...

On reverse Opening of the economy - Im port fees for autos and other durable goods have reverted to levels from the military gov ernment. Political council - The idea to dialogue with all parties has shrunk to contacts only with Cardoso's own PSDB (Party of the Brazilian Social Democ racy), in addition to the PFL (Party of the Liberal Front) and the PMDB (Party of the Brazil ian Democratic Movement). P rivatization -There is no talk anymore about privatizing two huge state monopolies: the oil and the communications sec tors. Social Security- Fearing being defeated in Congress, Cardoso has slowed considerably his push to change the system. Tributary reform - Govern ment is resigned to keeping things the way they are right now. NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

Jaguaribe in Ceara where he had gone to give land titles to new farmers. The President called the 30 or so hecklers present as be longing to the "false left and to the old putrefied right". On March 22 with the help of Brasilia's governor, ( who lent buses and brought food to public workers ), 10,000 people protested at the Federal Capital's Esplanada dos Ministerios,( where the Min istries buildings are located), to condemn the Constitutional re forms. At the end of March, the President canceled a trip to Concei�ao do Araguaia, state of Pani, after the Federal Police found out that 3,000 people were planning to boo and pelt him with a battery of rotten eggs and tomatoes. On April 7, in Pernambuco, in a protest or ganized by CUT (Unified Workers Federation) the pro testers armed with eggs, sticks and stones were re pelled by police. Every morning, the Presi dent has been stretching and reserving at least half an hour for swimming. These activi ties are less to keep Cardoso in shape and more to help relieve his back pains. How ever, these problems have not slowed the President, who also has made three trips abroad. He went to Uruguay for the inauguration of Presi dent Julio Maria Sanguinetti. He called on Chile in a nos talgicjourney and it was there that he first took refuge when forced to leave Brazil after the 1964 military takeover. In April he came to the US where he met President Bill Clinton on April 20. After 100 days and be yond it's clear that the most powerful man in the cabinet after the President is the Plan ning Minister, Jose Serra, whose last name means saw. He made good on his fame by expanding his control and won the nickname of Moto Serra (Chain-saw), a nick name he seems to relish. His power can be shown by the number of cellular phone he pilots: four, and the number of visits to the President cabi net: at least one a day. Choos ing him as the interlocutor for the tributary reforms that the administration wants NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

Since March 17, wherever he goes, President Fernando Cardoso has been the target of discontented chants, boos and an arsenal of tomatoes and eggs. In his native Rio, protesters called him a

safado (rogue) and other epithets.

implemented by Congress, Fernando Henrique has snubbed Finance Minis ter Pedro Malan, who would normally be the presidential spokesman in this area. It was Serra who also convinced Cardoso in the administration's first week to announce a $4-billion budget cut. Another mighty aide is Communi cations Secretary Sergio Motta, called Serjao by friends. For more than three decades he has been a partner, friend, and adviser to the President. He has been holding down a heavy workload that starts at 9 in the morning and often extends until midnight. Ac cording to another aide, "It's Seljao who says the things that the President would like to say but might put him in a bad light. •

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On the fast lane No Brazilian state is growing at Minas Gerais's pace. The state which had been rich in precious stones in the past is having another gold rush. Minas is a real Brazilian tiger. The United States will be opening a consulate in the state very soon and American Airlines has just started a direct flight to Belo Horizonte from Dallas. CARLOSEMMANUELQAFONSECABARRETO The proverb says, "all roads lead to Rome," but in Brazil a single road leads to a region ranking among the world's highest in rate of development. The economic boom that the state of Minas Gerais, (trans lated general mines), is experiencing is due to the expansion of a highway that connects the state's capital, Belo Horizonte, to Sao Paulo, the economic heart of South America. The 590 kilometers (366 miles) of the Fe mao Dias highway is leading the state to a steady 10% growth per year in industrial activity, a figure attained only in China. The New York Times appointed Minas as the region on the planet with the highest growth outside the belt formed by the Asian Tigers. In past years, the south of Minas alone re ceived $5.6 billion �n capitalized investments to wards new factories, creating approximately 83,000 new jobs. The state has contributed outstandingly to the country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Between 1981 and 1992, Brazilian industry grew 6% but Minas reached 20% growth while in second place, the state of Parana, grew 14% and the powerful state of Sao Paulo a miserable 4%. Minas Gerais has a popu lation of 16 million people, producing $40 billion annually, a figure equal to Chile's economy. The state's economy surpasses Hungary, Puerto Rico, Peru, and many other smaller countries. Minas today represents the second biggest economy in Brazil surpassing the long time second place Rio de Janeiro, 20

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

and only behind giant Sao Paulo. The significance of this growth is such that the United States Ambassador to Brazil, Melvyn Levitsky, has mentioned opening a Consulate in the state's capital by the end of the year. American Airlines saw the sun rising in Belo Horizonte long before the Ambassador, and on April 3rd, started daily flights from Dallas/Fort Worth. More travelers means in creased demand for hospitality, and investments have

lation has a high school diploq1a. In terms of higher education, the cities in the south of Minas offer 48 different university courses and 24 technical training schools. The most important city in the hilly south of Minas is Pouso Alegre. The city was chosen from 50,000 other cities in Brazil as one of the 10 best for living and for business. It has 83,000 inhabitants, an airport and the largest industrial sectors in the region

been pouring into the hotel busi ness. A $12 million investment has just opened its doors, the four-star

with 800 industries varying from food and clothing to metal-mechanics and automobiles. The giant shoe manu facturer Alpargatas chose the city to locate its biggest manufacturing

Merit Hotel. Another two five-star hotels will require a $75 million investment

plant Another newcomer is JPX, a producer of jeeps with technology

and will open by 199 6. Belo Horizonte was considered by the Population Crisis Committee in Washington, the Brazilian capital with the best quality of life. The state government has also created incentives for partnerships between local government offices and private enterprises to invest in landscaping of the city's parks and squares. The state as a whole has been witnessing what is called "the domino effect," where one event leads to another, a giant snowball that shows no signs of faltering. The locomotive of this economic growth is the implementation of the Femao Dias highway. "The construction project of the highway will require an investment of $540 million, but it is much more than just a duplication," states Paulo Paiva, Secretary of Urban Planning of Minas Gerais. "It is a new axle of development being built, the partnership with Sao Paulo." The region has easy access to the two biggest participating markets in the country's GDP. Over the past two years, an in

from the ·French Auvedand. They have just built a plant there, but future plans are to buy all parts presently used in their factory from auto-parts manufacturers that are moving to the area. General Motors is also considering building in Pouso Alegre a plant to produce the Corsa modeL Refina�oes de Milho Brasil, a com mill corporation, is old and well known to local people. They believe in the region's potential for development and invested $60 million imple menting new technology in their factory. Santa Rita do Sapucai with 27,000 inhabitants is the Brazilian Silicon Valley. There are 78 firms exporting computer chips and electronic components alone. The city has also computer manufacturers and telecommunication industries. Varginha has 90,000 inhabitants and it is called the "dry-port." It has the first custom house in the interior of the country. From there the products leave packed in side locked containers that go di rectly to the ships. A simple and practical way to solve the bureau

creasing number of entrepreneurs

cracy of exports and a major reason

from Sao Paulo are moving to the

why exports grew 80% in the past

region due to the availability of raw

few years in Minas.

resources, proper infrastructure, fis cal incentives, and above all, local ity. Moreover, the state-run elec

Minas also has Alfenas and Lavras which have respectively

tric power company, Cemig, prom

.............

54,000 and 67,000 inhabitants. They both have very good infra-structures

ises energy in abundance to support ,. the continuous growth of the area. Cemig plans in

and their industrial sectors are mainly textiles. There are other attractions in the region,

partnership with the private sector to build 15 new hydroelectric power plants along the five rivers that run through the region. It has been estimated that 20,000 new small, medium and large sized busi

located at a high altitude with mild climate and natural spas with therapeutic baths. Po�os de Caldas is the region's retreat and center of tourism. The

nesses will emerge in the hilly. area south of Minas in the next few years. Another positive factor is that in Minas the indus tries find an environment free of strikes by unions and lower operating costs. Fiat Autom6veis, the biggest subsidiary of Italy's Fiat Spa, has been operating there for 11 years without any strikes. For its employ ees, the region offers a much better quality of life.

industry is the city's main source of income. When the new road opens, the distance between Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte will shorten to a one and a half hour journey and growth will enter a new era. "The duplication of the Fernao Dias Highway will have a greater economic impact on the country than the opening of the Via Dutra," a highway con necting Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo, stated professor Clelio Campolina from the Federal University of

The residential areas are sacred according to local governments. Ample avenues lined with trees pro

Minas Gerais. Even before its completion, the high way has generated for the region 77 new projects and

vide a welcome invitation for residents to enjoy long walks and bicycle rides. The region also has a highly

investments totaling $350 million. What would be

qualified work force, the great majority of the popu-

higil\Vay?

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

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1 ·800·976·7872 NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

Tea party There are signs that the Brazilian govern ment might intervene in a cultural-religious practice in the Amazon: the consumption of an halucinogenic beverage called ahyauasca. Taken during ceremonies by some cults, these "rites" have been occur ring since the 30's when the Santo Daime was created, inspired by traditions from Peruvian Indians. KATHERYN GALLANT A middle-aged Englishman named Gordon Sumner spent five days in Brasilia last December, in complete anonymity. This would not be anything extraordinary, except that Gordon Sumner is better-known as Sting, pop star, activist for ecologi cal causes, and advocate for indigenous peoples throughout the world. Sting, who has sung to enthusiastic crowds in Rio de Janeiro and Silo Paulo, did not come to Brasilia to perform. But how could an international celebrity go incognito for so long in the capital of one of his favorite countries? Edison Saraiva Neves, president of the Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniiio do Vegetal, has the answer: it was his religions who brought the singer in total privacy to the federal capital. Neves says that Sting, who has long been concerned with the Amazon and with spirituality, became fascinated with the religion developed by rubber tappers and cashew-pickers in the western Amazonian state of Acre, and all but demanded an invitation to find out more first-hand. While at the headquarters of the Uniiio do Vegetal, located in the Brasilia suburb of Planaltina, Sting participated in the holiest ritual of the Uniiio do Vegetal and 21 other officially recognized religious sects in Brazil. He drank ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic tea made from extracts of the mariri orjagube vine (both regional names for Banisteriopsis kaapis) with the leaves of the chacrona or rainha plant (Psychotria viridis). The combination of these two flora gave the name to the religion. Sting's participation in the rite leaked out to the press and brought suspicions that the singer had decided to convert. Romeo Elias, a lawyer who is a mestre (literally, a master or teacher, but in this context, a spiritual leader) at the center, denies this. "Like anyone else, he was invited to participate in a session. This doesn't mean that he committed himself to our religion." Elias says that Sting's real interest in the Uniiio do Vegetal is Novo Encanto (New Enchantment), a church sponsored ecological project in Acre. "He was a little stressed out and took advantage of a session held especially for him," Elias states. When most Brazilians think of a religious sect which has the use of ayahuasca as a sacrament, they do not immediately think of the publicity-shunning Uniiio do Vegetal, which has 5000 adherents in 60 centers throughout Brazil. Instead, they think of the far more flamboyant and controversial group that goes by the name of Santo Daime. The Santo Daime sect was founded in the 1930s by the NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

(Maranhao s tate native)

Jose Costa Sobrinho, Coordinator ofMen

Raimundo Irineu Serra, who worked in the

tal Health for the Federal District and coun-

Maranhense

Amazonian rain for-

selor for Confen, is pre

est withMaiShal Can-

paring a lawsuit against

dido Rondon (after Rondonia is named). After Peruvian Indi ans who used

aya

huasca for ritual pur poses gave

him a

sample, Irineu had mira9oes (as he, and his followers, carne to call

ayahuasca-in

duced visions) of Our Lady of the Annun ciation. She told him that she was the queen of the rain forest and made him the second Christ. Mestre Irineu (as he was henceforth called by his follow ers) told his growing band of disciples that they should all drink ayahuasca. The name Santo D aime ("St. Gimme") comes from one of their hymns which begins, "Dai me jor9a, luz ... "

d ai-me

("Give

strength,

give

me me

light"). Mestre Irineu died in 1971 at Colo nia Alto Santo, Santo Daime's first com mune, located near Rio Branco, capital of Acre. In the following years, the sect grew. There are now Santo Daime churches in the US, Europe, and Japan. However, the cornerstone of

dai

mista ritual could be kicked away in its country of origin. Luis Matias Flach, president of the Fed eral Narcotics Coun cil (Confen) and na tional Secretary of Narcotics, wantsaya huasca to become il legal again. Flach has

Santo Daime. C o s ta

The LSD connection

whom the state of

Sobrinho discovered

.lyafllla.\CO (Quechua for ··wine Of the SOul"") iS prepared from

the \\ oody stem ofHanil,teriopsis kaapis and the lca\·es ofl'snhotria ,·iridi.'. After the stem and lcm·cs arc cut and boiled to release the

alkaloids from the plant tissue. the plant material is discarded. The remaining liquid is boiled do\\ n to a concentrate \\ hich can be mi,cd \\ ith "ater to produce a potent herb tea. Traditional among the indigenous peoples of the Amazonian rain forest. ayahnasca was first popularized in Brazilian urban centers in the I <J :>os b� 1 rincu Serra. founder of Santo Daime. In the "50s and "60s. American authors William R. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg wrote about their encounters with aml111asca and other mind-e,panding dmgs. By the mid- l<J70s. when Jack Epstein (a former Peace Corps Yolunteer in Brazil) \HOle .1/ong the ( iriugo Jrwl: .I

Huc�!!,el

fi·m·ef (in ide to /.a/111.1111eriw. backpack traYelers

"ere warned that shamans. fed-up \\ ith the deluge of North

that ayahuasca is being exported to Santo Dai me churches abroad, to be sold at prices between 35 to 40 dollars a liter. In one of the sect's com munes in Amazonas, ap proximately 400 follow ers spent a month pre p a r i n g 700 liters of for foreign

ayahuasca

consumption. An example of Santo D a ime' s commercial self-exploitation is a

American and European tourists in search of a drug trip without the

tourist brochure in En

traditional spiritual underpinnings. were slipping ··jungle Micke� Finns·· to unsuspecting gringos. thus necessitating stays in remote

eigners to stay at the

hospitals until the bad trip wore off. \Verner Jourdan. a journalist from Stuttgart. Germany. un\\ it tingly had the same C:\pcricnce that Epstein had warned about ncar!� 20 years before. According to an article that Jourdan wrote for the newsweekly Der .<.,'piegel. Jourdan paid

500

Deutsch-marks

for ayal111asca smuggled into Germany by two renegade members of Santo Daimc. Jourdan says that at first he saw m:m·clous images with his eyes closed - ""rich ornaments. gold. siiYcr. precious stones. I felt as if I were flying."" After a day. though. Jourdan found it so hard to breathe that he thought he was going to die. A week after he had taken the ""sacred tea:· the German journalist still had the hallucination that pcoplc" s heads were not connected to their necks. When Jourdan took a urine test in a Stuttgart lab. he discoycrcd that the aml111asca had been contaminated "ith a synthetic narcotic. In I 9X5. based on anonymons accusations that marijuana was being used during Sanio Daimc scn·iccs. a committee established by the Federal Narcotics Council (Confcn) began to inYcstigate aya/1//asca. In

19X9.

it was rcmoYcd from the list of toxic sub

stances published by the Medical Alert Di\ ision of the Ministry of Health. In

19<J2.

the Confcn committee unanimously approYcd the

usc of ayal111asca for 22 religious groups. The chemical composition of ayahua.,ca is as powerful as LSD. It has three alkaloids which cause a high degree of psychic dependence. HoweYcr. a psychiatric cYaluation by three doctors of the Paulista Medical School concluded. after examining members of an unnamed religious group which uses ��·ahna.,ca. that ··there docs not exist any standard of dependence. abuse. o\·crdosc. or

glish which invites for Colonia Ceu da Mon tanha in Visconde de Maua, near Rio. A com plete p ackage, includ ing air fare, room and board, and participation in Santo Daime ser vices, costs $10,000. In order to better accomodate groups,

tourist

J o s e Rosas,

leader of Ceu da Mon tanha, built two pou sadas on commune grounds. In November 1994, i4 Americans vis ited the commune, tak ing part in Santo Daime services and doing spiri tual works commanded by Rosas. On the 15th and

30th

every

month, when services are held, followers not only drink ayahuasca, but also smoke mari juana, which is praised in h y m n s

as "Santa

social damage·· for its users.

Maria."

Despite recognizing the hallucinogenic effects of c�mhuasca. Wilson Costa. a psychiatrist who was a member of the Confcn

versially, Alicia Castil

committee. prefers to call the substance an entheogenic. or a ·· producer of a diYinc moment.·· Edison SaraiYa Nc,·cs. president of the Uniao do Vegetal and also a physician. has a slightly different 'icw: ··Actually. the tea is a dishallucinogenic. We · rc already hallucinating.""

a dossier which alleges manJuana use m religious ceremonies, the brainwashing of

Even more contro la, an astrologer who was a daimista for ten years, has accused the sect's leaders of brain washing her 18-year-old daughter Veronica, who

r mo

years ago to live on a

Santo Daime commune in Acre.

followers, exploitation of the sect for touris

According to Alex Polari, leader of Santo

tic purposes, and illegal export ofayahuasca.

Daime (and an ex-terrorist who helped to

NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

Santa Maria

Santa Maria ( H� nm in pntisc of mal'i.iu ana)

Quem conhe cc Santa Maria F:v uso todo dia

\Vhoe,·cr kno\\ s Santa Maria

E 'i\e sempre em agonia

Uses her C\ cry day And ah, ay s li\cs in agony

Mas agora chcgou como cu qucna

But now she came as I "antcd My lord St. John the Baptist

1\ku scnhor S:1o Jo:1o Batista Jesus Cristo c S;io Jose

Jesus Christ and St. Joseph

Agora chegou como cu queria

Now she came as I wanted

Agora chcgou como Deus qucr

Now she came as God wills Coming as God wills

Chegancl o como Deus qucr Dai tudo fica bem

Therefore all is "ell

Chcgando como meu pai qucr

Coming as my father "ills She came as I want

Chcgou como cu qucro Na 'ontade cia Virgcm Maria

In the will of the Virgin Mary

Ela agora ,·ai 'igorar

She·s going to be in effect now She·s under my c ommand

Ela c do mcu comando E manda cu comandar

And orders me to command

Eu comando aquclc que ere

I command those "ho belie,·e

Em Jesus Cristo c S:1o Jo:lo

In Jesus Christ and St. John

Que esta c ,·crdadc

That this is true That we hm·c our union

Que tcmos em nossa uni:1o

kidnap the German and Swiss ambassadors to Brazil in the late '60s), Alicia Castilla is merely out for revenge. "She had a combative relationship with her daughter and asked us to help. Now, she wants to attack us," Polari says. Marco Gracie Imperial, leader of a Santo Daime

know about Daime will see that we have only good things. Daime never made anybody crazy. We're doing charitable work." And what is that charitable work? Polari replies that Santo Daime has cured physical ill nesses, alcoholism, and drug addiction among its adher

commune in Pedra de Guaratiba, Zona Oeste, met Veronica Castilla in October 1994, when he visited Acre. "She's a pretty girl and is very happy there. I only saw her crying twice, and that was when they told her that her mother wanted her to go back home." As for brainwashing, Imperial says that it does go on, but in a posi tive sense: "With Daime, I was

ents.

able to wash my brain of the bad things which I had known be fore." Suspicious deaths have also

Wilson Costa, a psychiatrist who was on a Confen panel that approved the ritual use of ayahuasca, fears that the prohibition of the beverage would discriminate against law-abiding sects like the Uniao do Vegetal. "That type of accu sation is only emerging from the Daime. The other sects cannot be harmed. I think that the Confen should be very careful and not generalize." Nelson Saraiva Neves would doubt lessly agree. In an interview with the Brasilia newspaper

Correio Braziliense,

occurred in Santo Daime com munes. One of these cases is that of Jambo Veloso de Freitas, a 19-

he insists that the only thing the Uniao do Vegetal and Santo Daime have in common

year-old who set himself on fire

is composed of autonomous churches that

is the use ofayahuasca. While Santo Daime have little contact with each other, the

in June 1991, less than a month after he arrived at a commune in Amazonas. Polari says that the young man was struggling against cocaine addiction. "Things happen against our will.

Uniao do Vegetal has a hierarchical struc ture. The Uniao do Vegetal also restricts ayahuasca drinking to adults who are not in a psychotic state. No more than 150 milliliters of the drink, which is

. Unfortunately, he killed himself in a Daime commune. If he had been drinking guarana, none of this would have happened."

only allowed during the bimonthly services, can be consumed at a time. As for Sting, one thing is certain. He came, he saw, he

Polari thinks that the sensationalistic news coverage of Santo Daime is due to ignorance about the sect's true aims. ''I'm not afraid of the truth. Whoever wants to

drank the sacred tea of the Amazon, but did not convert. He remains faithful to the (non-hallucinogenic) five o'clock tea of his homeland. •

NEWS from BRAZIL. MAY 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

Shining in Chicago Brazil has participated in the latest Latino Film Festival in big style. SAM AND HARRIET ROBBINS Buccaneer Soul (1994) by Brazilian director CarlosReichenbach was one of the stars of the lith Chicago Latino Film Festival which happened from March 24 to April 3. The film tells the story ofRivaldo Torres, an intellectual from Sao Paulo and Teodoro Xavier, a man from a wealthy family. They are friends and coauthors of a book of poems. Using both the neorealist and surrealist style the film covers their unique relationship and relates their story of friendship which began in 1957 and continued through the chaotic 1960's to the present all the while revealing a fascinating look at Brazilian life through literature, films and music. Buccaneer Soul shows that the spirit of Brazil's "Cinema Novo" is alive and well. Suzana Moraes's A Thousand and One (1994) also was a hit. In her first feature film Ms. Moraes brings a story about love, cinema, and a tribute to French surrealist painter, Marcel Duchamp. Alicia, her heroine, is a young filmmaker in search of her own identity who is making a film about the life of Duchamp. While working together, a love affair develops; their lives entangle between the fiction of the film and the reality of their lives and inevi tably changes take place in their relationship. Alicia is symbolic of a generation of Brazilian women as she discovers her own power, in the social, economic and sexual areas. The Chicago festival presented other choice selections of feature films, shorts and videos from Bra zil, including three films directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos from his traveling retrospective: Vidas Secas/Barren Lives ( 1963), Rio, 40 Degrees (1955), and Memories of Prison (1984). They were a fine representation o f this m aster director's work for both new and old audiences to see. The short film program in cluded some other outstanding Bra zilian films such as Oppression ( 1993, 18 min.) which was directed by Mirella Martinelli who invites us to spend one day in the life of a young overworked and poor Bra zilian woman. Other treats from the festival: Behind Bars (1993, 10 min.). Directed by Paolo Gregori, a bil-

lionaire crook is imprisoned in Sao Paulo, possibly a former President of Brazil. When released, he returns to take refuge behind the bars of his mansion. Final Night Minus Five Minutes (1993). Directed by Debora Waldman. Tells the story of a woman on the verge of suicide, a check list of despair. The Stage (1992, 7 min.). Directed by Christian Louis Saghaard. A young woman searches for a ceremonial act in a world of rituals. Jo (1993, 7 min.). Experimental film directed by Beto Brant andRalph Strelow which bring God and the Devil into Jo's life on a deserted beach. Then there were videos; Taking Aim (1993, 41 min.). Directed by Monica Frota. It chronicles the struggle of the Kayap6 nation in the Brazilian rain forest for political power and cultural representation. Pictures in Black and White (1992, 15 min.). Directed by Joel Zito Araujo who sends a video letter from an Afro-Brazilian man exposing racism within Brazilian society .

Speaking Alone (1994, 9 min.). Directed by Mauro Giuntini tells the tale of love and loss in the 90s in a poetic reading. Passion and War in the Backlands of Canudos (1993, 52 min.). Directed by Antonio Olavo. A documentary account of the guerrilla warfare in Canudos, in the rugged Northeast of Brazil. In 1883, a group of poor people followed Catholic leader Antonio Conselheiro and founded the town of Canudos. A so cialist development that grew into a town of 25,000 inhabitants. In 1897 a military campaign started by Brazil's upper class destroyed the town and murdered those who lived there. Antonio Conselheiro has become a symbol for radical change for�the poor of Northeastern Brazil. The Bispo do Rosario (1993, 46 min.). Directed by Miguel Przewo dowski & Helena Martinho daRocha is a docudrama on the life of Brazilian artist Bispo do Rosario. A man who was confined to a sychiatric hospital for 50 years unti his death. He is now considered one of Brazil's most important visual artists. •

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NEWS from BRAZIL. MAY 1995

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Mensagem psicografada pelo medium "Chico XavierM, em Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Para obten�ao de mensagens gratuitas e literatura espirita, telefone para Peter Cosentino at (415) 695-9414, mande urn Fax para o Centro Espirita Dr. Humberto de Campos: (415) 695-1818 Ou escreva para o seguinte endere�o: Centro Esplrila Dr. Humberto de Campos 236 West Portal Ave. #401 -San Francisco, CA 94127 NEWS from BKALIL ·MAY 1995

NEWS from BRAZIL路 MAY 1995

N EWS from BRAZIL路 MAY 1995

vies are his primary passion. A talented, harismatic and humorous Brazilian, Marcelo loriao has come a long way. Today he's a successful screenwriter and he's now on his way to produc ing his own movies. Marcelo was born and raised in Rio Comprido, a small suburb ofRio de Janeiro.Fourteen years ago he dreamed of corning to the United States to study film. His passion for film began very early during his adoles cence. He occupied his time by watching American movies and eventually became fascinated with cinema. He loved American Film so much that he realized he had to come to Los Angeles and immerse himself in American Cinema. "I am first, sec ond a n d l a stly a film-oriented per son," he says, "hav ing seen about 7,000 films, from the si lents through my fa vorite decade, the 30's, to the present." Today Floriao has accomplished not only his aspiration of studying film in L. A. but also the dream of actually writing and producing his own movies and plays. He received a master's degree in Film and TV Arts from Columbia Col lege in L.A., how ever, his main inter est is writing screen plays. "Basically I am interested in a wide range of sub jects both Brazilian and American," he notes, adding, "I also love European mov ies and I would say that I'm very influ enced by Hollywood films as well as Eu ropean films." One of his previ ous projects included Autobiography of a Star, a play starring British actress Catherine McGoohan. Written and produced by Floriao in 1994, the play is about the ups and downs of a Hollywood star who reviews her life as she writes her own autobiogra phy. "I first wrote this play in Portuguese for Marilia Pera (a prominent Brazilian actress, producer and director) who suggested many script changes for production in Brazil, though it never became reality," he laments. Floriao has also written several screenplay adaptations such as Prisoner ofRio, a Polish/Brazilian film shot in Rio in 1987 about British Ronald Biggs, of the "Great Train Robbery" fame, as well as the screenplay adaptation of The Prima Donna, a hit play in Rio being adapted for film production. "The play was originally written by Alcione Araujo, and it's about an opera singer with no talent who braves the hinterlands of Brazil to delight and disgust her audiences with her tragicomic tales and songs," he ex plains. In addition, Floriao translated into Portuguese and adapted for television two highly acclaimed Noel Coward plays: Waiting in the Wings and Present Laughter, also for

NEWS from BRAZIL

•

MAY 1995

Marilia Pera. O ther credits include a dozen additional unproduced screenplays. Marcelo's current projects in production are Surprising Call and Joca Pivete. Surprising Call is a modern day Hitchcock style piece about three characters trapped in a nightmare of their own creation. The script was co-written with Mineiro (from Minas Gerais state) Leonardo Veras who will also direct the movie with Floriao, as a low budget film project to be shot in Los Angeles. Joea Pivete is based on a Brazilian book by Helvecio Siqueira e Silva. It's about a group of abandoned minors brought to a rural reform center where they struggle to reshape their lives. The film will be directed by Capixaba (from Espirito Santo state) Deonizio Pinto who will also produce it withFloriao with the support of Polo Cinema of Vit6ria, the capital of Espirito Santo. Despite all these ac complishments, Floriao is still struggling for an op portunity in Hollywood. "This is a very hard busi ness," he remarks. "In the beginning of my career I tried personally to deliver my scripts to big directors and stars, so I would attend Golden Globes and Acad emy Awards to meet people in the hopes that they would be interested in my scripts," he laughed. "So metimes it worked, people would grab my scripts and even called me but it never got anywhere". Marcelo also recalls the time when he worked in the offices of Hollywood producers and they con stantly received scripts from well known actors and actresses. "People like Paul Newman and other huge stars were also trying to place their scripts just like I was so I realized that I was competing with Paul N<:wman trying to sell my scripts," he laughed. But the obstacles didn't stop Floriao. Persistence is one of his greatest qualities. However, writing and producing films and plays are not Marcelo's only talent. This gifted Carioca (from Rio) writer speaks seven languages, which he considers a "hobby." He's fluent in French, Italian, Spanish, German, English and Portuguese off course. "I have worked in jobs that required my use of these languages. First tourism for seven years, and now international film distribution, deal ing with foreign clients." Marcelo is interested in real life subjects and his favor ite writers and producers are Woody Allen and Almodovar. "I like people-oriented films dealing with human nature and man's quest for self-knowledge and growth," he ex plains. Marcelo resides in the Hollywood Hills and when he's not working he's either watching movies or talking about them. This L.A. resident of more than 14 years, who came from Brazil determined to pursue his dream, has shown his talent and the future looks very promising. We wish him well. • 33

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MAY 1995

In the Kitchen with Tie Her parents are Chinese. She was born in Indonesia. The US has been her home since 1979. But you probably won't find anyone in the US who knows more about Brazilian cuisine than Eng Tie Ang.

Urbanism. Despite a valuable di ploma, an assured career as an architect and a promis ing future, Tie, as she likes to be called, wanted to travel. The young architect initially went to Taiwan. While there she developed her artistic talent for paint ing Chinese watercolors. She started to teach her hosts what she appreciated and learned with her mother the cook for the small fam ily restaurant- about Bra zilian cuisine. Her classes became a hit and Tie found a new vocation. When, at age 21, archi tect-painter-cook-instructor Eng Tie Ang swapped Tai wan for the US and decided to study at a computer col lege, it was her Brazilian

the Washington University in addition to schools like Kitchen Kitchen and Bon Marche. At the insistence of her students she released in 1993 Delightful Brazilian Cooking, a compilation of the best Brazilian recipes she knows.

food knowledge that helped

much success can be dan gerous though and the Bra

her pay for the studies. Settled in Seattle, where she has worked as an architect for two years, Tie finally decided to make her cook ing expertise her main ca reer. Today she teaches Bra zilian and Thai cooking at

She found her editor at horne. He is her husband Donald Richard Bissonnett who writes children's books and teaches E n g l i s h at Washington University. Tie, who has two small children (Al e x , 10 and Andre, 7) has become a ce lebrity of sorts. She has been invited to TV programs, and articles about her and her work have been published frequently in the mainstream American press. She's even got her own TV show. Too

zilian master cook found that out the hard way when she was told that she was being prohibited from participat ing in culinary competitions from now on. The reason given was that she was al-

DARLY SERQUEIRA Ask Eng Tie Ang what her nationality is and she will answer "Brazilian" without a second thought. And she is Brazilian. She was five when her parents emigrated from Indonesia to Suzano, a town in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo. It was there that Eng Tie went to grammar school, high school, and the University of Braz Cubas, where she graduated from the School of Architecture and 36

NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

ways the winner! How does Tie explain her book's success? "The work is a hit because the Ameri can-style recipes are easy to and cook people con sider them the Cachafa S pirits) real thing,"

she delights her students with some of Brazil's finest culinary treats. Tie says that her heart continues to be in Brazil,

(Brazilian Cocktail

her adopted homeland. "One of the benefits of offering classes in Brazilian c o o k ing," says Tie,

(Caipirinha) she says. Today, with 2 tablespoons sugar spices a ll 2 fresh limes, finely grated around, she and squeezed plies her trade 1 cup cachafa or white rum in the Green "is that I 1 cup crushed ice wood area of get to meet Seattle in her a lot of in In a small bowl, combine the sugar, grated lime peel and ultra-modern teresting lime juice. Let stand for 5 kitchen. She people who minutes. Add the cacha�a. have either teaches ethnic Pour the cocktail mixture into cooking two traveled to small glasses filled with ice. or lived in evenings a Serves 4. in week Brazil. It's classes that nice being are always full, with stu with them, telling stories, dents on a waiting list hop and teaching them to cook ing for an opening. One of authentic meals. Even after her specialty courses is en 16years in the United States, titled "Delightful Brazilian I still consider Brazil to be Cooking", the same as her my home." cookbook. From feijoada In Delightful Brazilian completa to plio de queijo, Cooking, there are over 130

recipes which Tie has dili gently collected over the years. Many of her recipes have been modified, how ever, due to health con sciousness concerns on the author's part. As she says, "With all that science and medicine have told us about fatty foods and foods high in cholesterol, it would be almost criminal on my part to continue using the tradi tional oils and huge egg counts for some recipes, when there are other oils available in the US that taste just as good, and are far less harmful to our bodies." Tie continue s, "The same is also true for items like eggs and sugar. Cakes and other recipes calling for

a dozen eggs or more are really a thing of the past. With my recipes, I have maintained the integrity of the dishes, as well as the excellent taste, but I have paid close attention to health concerns. Therefore, things like fios de ovos (a sweet whose main ingredient are eggs), though delicious, simply couldn't be included in good conscience in De

lightful Brazilian Cooking." The book is available in bookstores, but you might prefer to write, call, or fax for an autographed co py to Ambrosia Publications PO Box 30818Seattle, WA. 98103. Tel. and fax: (206) 789-3693.

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matched only by the awe which the early travelers described on their arrival by sea, when Guanabara Bay was the ideal harbor for thePortuguese fleet on its regular visits to pick up the gold from the "Capitania de Minas Gerais". For more than a cen tury after Brazil was dis covered, the Atlantic For est was "the Brazil," and most of Brazil's history is along this coastal belt. The area between Rio de Janei ro and Sao Paulo, going inland towards the moun tains of Minas Gerais has been of difficult access until quite recently, and hence many treasures from the past have been pre served, and are still little known despite their great cultural interest and sce nic beauty. The mountains rising to over 7000 feet in the Serra da Bocaina and Serra dos 6rgaos, and 9000 in the Agulhas Negras at Itataia Park, acted for a long time as a barrier to expansion inland. The surviving areas of the dense Atlantic Rain Forest which covered them still contain flora and fauna as diverse as in any tropical forest. Parts were cleared in the 17th century to plant sugar, in the 18th to feed the increased population of the gold mining areas, in the 19th for coffee. Modern paved roads replace the ways which formerly carried gold and coffee to the coast, slaves and merchan dise inland. They still wind along the river valleys that awed the early settlers, between and over the iron moun tains of Minas Gerais and the granite mountains of the "Serra do Mar" whose forests go down to the sea. A week or two between the airports of Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte is rewarded with more of the real Bra zil than a 5000 km. circuit of its capitals. An association of private hotel owners has recently been formed which pools their first hand knowledge to help plan such tours. The name "Roteiros de Charme," implies that the journeys can be as pleasant and interesting as the inns on the way. SAFE HARBORS AND GOLD ROUTES Rio de Janeiro was discovered for the Portuguese crown in January 1531, but was first colonized by the French. In 1555 a knight of Malta, Nicholas Villegagnon, landed in Guanabara Bay on an uninhabited island, which now bears his name and lies beside the present Santos Dumont airport, and built a fort which he named after the French admiral Coligny. The French allied themselves with the local Tamoio Indians, but a Portuguese force from Bahia, reinforced by Indians from Padre Anchieta' s settlement in Sao Vicente, drove them out. Not till 1570 was Rio firmly in Portuguese hands.

No way could be found through the wild forests and mountains above and behind Guanabara Bay for at least another century. It was not till the beginning of the 18th century that a pass was discovered by the p i c t u resque "Bl a c k River" (Rio Preto) that permitted a direct route to Guanabara Bay for the gold from the mines in Minas Gerais, and for soldiers and supplies from the capital. After many vicissitudes, in cluding a second land ing by French corsairs in Guanabara Bay, the "Caminho Novo" was inaugurated in 1723. Parts of the old road, and the once impassable "Rio Preto," can be seen from the modern high way; this clear and turbulent river is still the border between the modem States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Previous to this time, gold from the recently dis covered mines had been taken by routes nearer to Sao Paulo, along the "Costa Verde" or Green Coast, where several donkey tracks were in use down the forested escarpment above the sea known as the "Serra do Mar." It was natural that when corsairs threatened the Portuguese fleet in Rio de Janeiro, Parati should continue to be the safe harbor which received the gold. Its well-preserved colonial streets and fine houses testify to the importance of the old port. Long abandoned cannons lie on some of the many islands in the clear waters of the bay, now frequented by fishermen and small groups of snorkel ing tourists on their isolated beaches. PETROPOLIS, A ROYAL RETREAT The gold mines were mostly ex hausted by 1821 when Dom Pedro, son of the Portuguese king, rode to Vila Rica to prevent an uprising of the dis contented mineiros. He was then able to assume, as Pedro I, the crown of a Brazil independent ofPortugal. His way took him past the junction of the rivers Rio Quitandinha and Piabanha where 30 years later his son Pedro II estab lished Petr6polis, the summer retreat of the Brazilian court. The basis of the economy that built Petr6polis was coffee. The modern road to Minas crosses the riverParaiba, along whose valley can be seen some of the great plantation houses of the "coffee barons" of Dom Pedro's court. Petr6polis, now an hour's scenic drive from Rio, has become a busy town, with good restaurants and hotels nearby. The Summer Palace, now a museum, has been maintained much as it was when occupied by the Brazilian Royal Family. NE'NS from BRAZIL· MAY 1 995

MINAS'S BAROQUE MONUMENTS Another mountain range, the Serra da Mantiqueira, lies between the mansions of Petr6polis and the Paraiba valley, and the Portuguese colonial towns which in the 18th century sent gold on donkey-back through the "Serra do Mar" to the coast. Here the unspoilt colonial buildings, the baroque churches, astonish and delight the modern visitor by their grace and surroundings. These are towns where the traveler can walk unmo lested through the winding streets, or rest with a good book in a garden or beside a fountain, or swim in a clear stream among the mountainous landscapes which frame the rich Portuguese colonial architecture that has made them famous. Old gold workings can be seen, and the colonial centers maintain cultural traditions ranging from handicrafts to locally composed church music.

TIRADENTES AND OURO PRETO The closest of these towns is Tiradentes, the old Vila Sao Jose whose rich Portuguese colonial archi tecture is framed by a part of the surviving forest at the foot of the Serra Sao Jose. The mountain is now an environmental preser vation area, good walking country with streams and small waterfalls in the high Savannah, and paths through the forest at the foot of the cliff. Its main church of Santo Antonio is one of Brazil's finest baroque master pieces, dating from the first half of the eighteenth century, its drinking fountain, the "Chafariz," fed from springs in the forest is one of the finest of its kind. Fifteen km. away by road is Sao Joao del Rey, another colonial town of importance; these two towns are also joined by a narrow gauge steam railway, inaugurated by Dom Pedro in 1889, which still runs at weekends using the original rolling stock. The museum in Tiradentes is a fine 18th century )louse once occupied by Padre Toledo, a priest who played a leading part in the abortive uprising known as the "Inconfidencia," inspired partly by the republican ideas of the French Revolution and the American Inde pendence, and partly by the need of some of the owners of the gold mines to avoid paying taxes overdue to the

Portuguese Crown at a time of diminishing revenues. Tiradentes was the nickname of the idealist among the conspirators, born in the administrative district of Vila de Sao Jose. He was executed and the other conspirators exiled. In 1889 Brazil became a republic and Tiradentes a national hero; his birthplace was renamed after him. Further inland, a picturesque and interesting road leads to Congonhas do Campo and Ouro Preto. The first is notable for the inspired Basilica and Stations of the Cross by the Brazilian sculptor Aleijadinho, also respon sible for the fa<;ade of the Santo Antonio church in Tiradentes, and other masterpieces in Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto, formerly "Vila Rica," 18th century capi tal of the gold-mining capital of the "Capitania de Minas Gerais," has been considered one of Mankind's Cultural Heritage Centers by UNESCO since 1983. Its many churches, fine houses, and urban spaces were preserved intact as the 19th century capital of the Province of Minas Gerais, and consti tute the greatest con centration ofBrazil's unique baroque architecture. Close by is Mariana, seat of the bishopric since colonial times. Three weeks is a reasonable time to enjoy this part ofBra zil, divided approxi mately into a week for touring, a week by the seaside, and a week in the moun tains. But a week's itinerary of less than 800 krn gives a good taste of what is avail able: It is one hour's drive from Galeao airport by Rio de Janeiro to Petr6polis where the museum opens at mid-day. You may lunch at Itaipava and have leisurely drive to Tiradentes or you can ride the direct bus from Rio to Sao Joao del Rey. Three nights at the Solar da P onte (to allow two full days - a minimum). By road to Congonhas and Ouro Preto (about five hours including lunch and a visit to the Basilica). Allow not less than two or three nights in Ouro Preto. The Pousada Mondego can arrange direct transport to or from Belo Horizonte airport (about two hours). No Brazilian itinerary is complete without at least a week among the treasures left by Brazil's two great economic cycles: gold in the eighteenth century and coffee in the nineteenth. •

BRAZIL'S GOLD TOWNS IN THE ATLANTIC fOREST OURO P RETO: TIRADENTES: PETROPOLIS:

A week of re-discovery from airport to airport 2 hours' drive from Confins Airport (Belo Horizonte) Your host in Ouro Prete: RicardoPereira at the Pousada Mondego* 1 V2 hours' drive from Congonhas which is 1 V2 hours from OuroPrete.

Your host in Tiradentes: John and Anna-Maria Parsons at the Solar do Ponte* The Imperial Summer Palace: hours's drive from Tiradentes and hour from Galeao airport (Rio de Janeiro). There are good Pousadas* nearby.

*ThePousadas are members of the exclusive Association ROTEIROS DE CHARME* Tei/FAX(Brazil Phone or fax your program for advice about transport, meeting at airport, special itineraries, beaches, etc.

55) (21) 273-1592.

SOLAR DAPONTE NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

5? 32 355 1255 FAX 1201

POUSADA DO MONDEGO

55 31 551 2040 FAX 3094 41

Latin American release in 1993. finally Carlinhos is going to his own music. For that he signed with Brazil's British Virgin Records. rds has signed him for a six year period. is Brown receiving? his earnings as He's 33, n'ffi'Aw�nnr\P.rl eelThere is initially an1� n1ent of

orne

the sou come to session to rna new wave of Braz six songs com His group Timba the creator of the

Music. They're they're good and pleasing the

was considered magazine as the best 42

N EWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

Brought up religiously in an I identify with them." a new generation of musicians. Very Born in 1965, Calcanhoto started singing articulate, she has also become an evangelical family, he used to secretely go to Candomb/eceremo at Porto Alegre's (her hometown, and Rio unofficial spokesperson for these nies - something considered from Grande do Sui's capital) night-clubs. Her young composers. "Yes, you can first record was a selection of old Brazilian the devil by his parents. In a very call us a generation," she told Ca classics of different genres. Little by little racially divided society such as rioca daily Jomal do Brasil, re she started to show her own composition's cently. "We are all around 30 and Salvador's, he was married to too, as well as those from her younger musi all of us make music together. We �quel, who is white (they divorced and she is now in the US with Nina, ended up singing what we heard cian colleagues. Carioca cassia Eller, 31, stronger at in when we were young, from rock to their four year old daughter). He is now romancing Helena Buarque, terpretation than composition, began her primitive Brazilian music, street 19 (the youngest of Chico Boar career in Brasilia, where she used to sing music, market music, bossa nova que's children). Wealthy , he em and tropica lismo. These are all everything, in her characteristicly bluesy characteristics of popular Brazil accent. She has gone through a phase of ploys about 200 people and has ian music to which we are continu funded an educational and urban heavy drinking and drug using, but since the ally adding". birth of her son Francisco at the end of 1993, ization project called Ta Rebocado Monte talks about who she (It's Towed). she .seems to have cleaned up her act. Cassia Eller, her third CD, released in loves, " There are some rock'n'roll Brown has been making music musicians who I love: Rolling the middle of last year, shows that the singer, for 15 years. "I lack partners," he Stones, Nirvana, Velvet Under chosen in the beginning of her career by frequently complains. One of his ground, Elvis Presley, and the PolyGram to be a rocker, has style. Eller most constant partners nowadays Beatles. These are things that I learned to play the guitar singing Beatles' though is Nando Reis, Marisa listened to in the past and still lis Montes's boyfriend and one of the songs, but nowadays she can comfortably ten to nowadays. For me the rock members of the rock band Titas. sing from classic Ataulfo Alves to contem made in Brazil is MPB. It's music, porary Brazilian rocker Rita Lee. For her ''I'm always have some lyrics by it's popular, it's Brazilian. I am latest album she preferred to work with mu Carlinhos and he always has some talking about our generation. Why sicians from her own generation like Herbert thing that l've written," saysNando. separate rock and MPB, this is fo Reis first solo album has just been Vianna, Roberto Frejat and Renato Russo. cusing on the past. My vision of At 34, Amaldo Antunes is the oldest of released, but he is already a hit MPB is directed toward the year this new generation of musicians. Multita through the voices of Cassia Eller 2015, when Brazil will be part of lented, music is just one of his many artistic and Marisa Monte. Eller recorded the world, communicating and re passions that include film, painting and con his "ECT" ("Mail & Telegraph ceiving new information all the Company"), which was made in crete poetry. time." A former member of Titils, he also started partnership withMonte and Brown. • Marisa Monte has recorded Reis's with rock songs but now has been compos "Ao Meu Redor" and "0 Ceu." Rique , former Cama de Nando Reis is a typical example ing sambas andbaioes Gato's keyboardist and such as "Alta Noite" of the new generation of compos arranger, has been one of the ("HighNight"), "Bern ers. He has made his career as a best selling ar tists of instrumental records in Leve" ("Very Light") singer and bassist for a rock band Brazil. He has played for while composing for himself and and "De Mais Nin some of the top Brazilian his group. With the demand from guem" ("Nobody Else ar tists such as Ivan Lins, new female singers he started com "), all of them re Gilberto Gil, Milton Nascimento, Djavan, and corded by Marisa posing for them, the same way alsp Chet Baker and Ernie Chico Buarque and Caetano Veloso Monte. Watts. H i s partnership have been doing for three decades. On this live album you'll find Composer Adriana Calcanho with Monte has been the warmth and energy of one of the best per formers to's, latest album, A Fabrica do very fruitful. Marisa of Contemporary Brazilian Poema (J'he Poem Factory) doesn't talks about it: "I usu Music. hide her enthusiasm about this close ally send several songs toAmaldo who selects relationship between the members the ones he prefers and of the new musical generation. in tum sends me lyr "This generation has given us a ics to be set to music". fresh approach in order to show the will we have to be Brazilian, a Marisa, 27, is a phenomenon. She certain pride at being part of a started composing musical tradition. And we try to STEVE TAVAGLIONE- sax JOEL TAYLORdrums appreciate everything that was done when she was 7, interpreting plays at home before. The references are explicit RICARDO SILVEIRA guitar CASSIO DUARTE- percussion and clear in our work. We've all with musical themes JIMMY EARL bass RIQUE PANTOJA piano/Vocals listened to Caetano, Gil, and rock. for the characters. At There is no such thing anymore as 9, she started to play Send your check or money order of $13 the Mineiro (from Minas),the Ca piano and percussion (postage included) to: rioca (from Rio) or Paulista (from and by 14 she was studying singing. The Silo Paulo) group. Carlinhos is from RIQUE PANTOJA MUSIC eclectic interpreter Bahia, I'm from Rio Grande do RO. BOX 42536 Sui, Marisa is from Rio, Arnaldo is has become the eclec LOS ANGELES, CA 90050 tic composer and the from Silo Paulo and so forth. When For contact: Tel/Fax: (213} 344-0421 favorite showcase of everI listen to one of their records,

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NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

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Brazilian

Notas

�

SCOTT ADAMS Its no accident that bassistJohn Patitucci's new GRP Records album carries the title ofMistura Fina (or Fine Mixture), given his penchant for blending world beat influences with his own special brand of jazz fusion. After all, the famous Rio jazz club that shares the album's name is just one of this world-renowned bassist's many Brazilian influences. Patitucci, who's been voted into Bass Player magazine's Top Ten list every year, first came into contact with Brazilian music in the 70s, listening to Sergio Mendes, a natural source of inspiration for his lyrical bass play. As his career expanded, so did his musical horizons and a move to Los Angeles brought him to the band of famed Brazilian percussionist Airto Moreira. "I couldn't have been more than 14 or 15 when I heard Airto's CTI recordings, and then I wound up playi with him. I also worked wi Oscar Castro-Neves and my connection with Brazil kept oing from there. Dori aymmi appeared on my earlier Sketchbook album, and I played on one of his. I've also played with Ivan Lins so I wound up being involved with a number of Brazilian cats."

�

Mistura Fina is a deeper look into the side of Brazilian fusion that has given us inspired recordin s from oups hkeCama de atoan musicians like trumpeter Marcio Montarroyos and saxmen Mauro Senise and ze Noeira. Both the bassist and s Brazilian guests excel within this musical framework that's so richly developed throughout Rio's jazz scene. Patitucci's performance on the six strin J.P. Yamaha bass is the per ect underpinning for his collaboration with Joio Bosco's ercussive guitar play and razilian scatting on the samba flavored "Varadero." Ivan Lins' harmoni zin on " T he Four Loves" il ustrates John Patitucci's creative talent in leading the Brazilian singer into uncharted musical waters, allowing Lins to stretch out as he pl off John's melodic lines. d his beautifully nsive interaction with ori Caymmi conjures saudade-filled images o Brazilian day dreams.

�

Patitucci's acoustic bass play on Mistura Fina shows another side of his talent. The o en, unstructured ualities o tunes such as "Sou Song" which features Lins's emotiona! wordless improvisations set against Steve Tavaglione's soarin sax lines, are transformed by atitucci's cohesive presence. Instead of allowing the musicians to wander awa in true avant garde style, t e bassist directs and controls the musical pulse, and the only thing that wanders is your imagination, enhanced by John's musical instinct.

�

As the guitar continues in its evolution as the defining instrument in Brazilian music, the opportunity for players to sliowcase themselves in the revealing light of a solo settin is perhaps the greatest test o creative distinction.

�

Toninho Horta's Duran-

� Kid (Part Two) from Big

orld Music is a continuation of a bold, innovative recording pro e ct t h a t has quickly estab tshed his musical maste The presence of music in orta's life is as natural as the album's title: his nickname from growing up on the Brazilian frontier where the inspiration and values of famil and friends are reflected in is creative ease and expertise.

�

This high uality di�ital recording was one "live ' in studio, and Horta's n lon strin guitar ay is wit out equa . You'l be impressed With his ability to author an unendin varie of style and nuance, y mel ing his voice with mesmerizing rh ;thmic, harmonic and melo ic elements into each of the 13 tracks.

�

Duran o Kid (Part Two) opens wit his most famous song, "Aquelas Coisa Todas," which gained popularity as "Distant Horizon," when he recorded it with Brazilian vocalist Kenia in 1988. There's an immediate sense of freedom in emotion with Horta's voice and guitar that carries through the rest of the album, a remmder of the true artistic product- the elemental qualIty - that is too often overlooked in production and packaging.

The anthem-like "Canto de Desalento" (Without HoP.e) shows a reflective side, while other originals, su_ch ,as the exuberant " A q ut 0" (Check This Ou , with its powerful guitar p ay, the romantic "Ltana" and "Pedra da Lua" (Moonstone) receive interpretations that showcase the writer and the performer in a way that is rarely experienced.

�

Durango Kid (Part Two) also pays tribute to Brazil's legendary composer Dorival Ca mmi with "Saudade da Ba ·a." Horta begins by duplicating ca mmi's style, then gracefu ly allows the song to develop as it unfolds into his own trademark si nature, with beautifully shi tin harmonies that add a playfu quality to the song.

�

No other single guitarist can accomplish what Horta crafts with this flawless play: at times, it will seem that you're hearing two guitars. And that's the true magic of Duran o Kid (Part Two) and the so o setting. No overdubs, no blending of tracks to build a rfect tune. Just Toninho orta naturally, in the singular form, playing as if he were at home with his family and his friends.

�

\'J

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® .

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

#Uooo vroo '

CuLTURE FEAST Dubbing itself a "Celebration of the Latin Culture," and with special room for Brazilian literature, the LibroFest Latino BookFest 95 is hap pening once again from May 4 through May 7 in New York. T he book festival's main goals are to promote Latino writers living in the US as well as the dissemination of material deal ing with Latin culture. Brazil is being represented by poet Fernando Tanajura Menezes and Wilson L6ria, writer, and editor of Samba, the only publica tion dedicated to Brazilian arts in the US. Both authors will be reading from their work. The festival is being held at CUNY's (City University of New York) Hostos Community College. Would you like to know more? Call (718) 518-4195 or (718) 937-0574.

THE BEST FUTEBOL Now you can learn soccer at the site where World Champion Brazil's players practiced for their victorious campaign in the US last year. The Brazilian Youth Soccer Association (Brasoccer) is promoting a three-week program that starts in Santa Clara, California and continues in Rio, at the Brazilian Army Center for Physical Fitness, at the foot of Sugar Loaf moun tain. The program for children 8 to 18 years old will start June 26 and will be supervised by Brazilian Soccer Con federation (CBF) coaches. Brasoccer is also offering other courses, all with highly qualified Brazilian coaches. The CBF-approved, non-profit organiza tion has just hired former Brazilian professional soccer player and re spected coach Felipe Guimaraes as coach-coordinator. For more informa tion please call ( 408) 292-6271.

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Market Quotes, Soaps updates, and Horoscopes. Stay Current. $1.98/minute. Must be 18 or older. Sponsored by Aileron Star Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada 1702�598-2765 if complaints. Come to where the channels are! Receive the "Brazilian

Television Network," news, soaj> operas from Brazil and the "RTP Channel" from Portugal. Own xour satellite system. Call now (714) 385-5750.

FEIRA LIVRE RATES

:'iOc a \\ord. l'hon..: is on..:

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ill

b..: hdd t"or th..: li>lhm ing month it" appropi iat..:

PERSONAL

TO PLACE AD: S..:nd ad" ith ch..:d; or mon..:' onl..:r to

American, 52, has travelled to

Nc"' from Bnllil

Brazil, desires correspondence with young, open-mindedBrasi leira living in the US, to explore co�patibllity and romance. Wnte: M.F.K., P.O.B. 215, Redmond, WA 98073. American businessman has lived in your country and loves your people, music, & dance. Desires fnendship/romance with brasileira between 22-30 years. Interests include yoga, health food nature. Please write R.B. 11o6 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024. American Doctor, male, seeks Brazilian lady, 18-32 for fun and romance. Must be pretty. I'm very handsome and look Brazilian. (213) 293-8909. Los Angeles area. . American Jewish man, 36, sm cere, deep, fun, active, doct?r, seeks Jewish lady under 35 With brown eyes and long dark hair, in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168. Americano, divorciado, branco, 51 anos (parece 44 _anos), 176 centimetros, 71 qmlos, olhos azuis, cabelos castanhos, enge nheiro,mon6gamo,casa pr6pna. Nao fumo, pode fumar. Procuro uma mulher delgada ou media ate 40 anos que more perto .de Simi V alley, para relac10namento seno. Responda em ingles com sua foto, por favor. Patrick O'Bryan, 1728 Townley Circle, Simi Valley, CA 93063. Americano, 37 anos, delgado, olhos azuis, professor de In_gles. FalaFrances,Espanhol,Italiano, Portugues. Deseja encontrar brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva para William, 1431 Ocean Ave., #1106, Santa Monica, CA, 90401. French American guy looking for friendship with Brazilian men 35-SS. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. Box 166SS,BeverlyHills,CA 90209. If you are in your twenties and would not mmd living in Cali fornia you are an ideal candi date for an honest highly edu-

P.O. Bnx -US36 Los An�cks, CA 'JIIIISII-11536.

cated (Ivy League) fmancially secure, executive who likes to travel with you around the world, walk on the beach, cuddle with you in front of the fireplace in a ski chalet, go to concerts, Scuba dive and go to movies. �ope fully both of us can also g1ve. a little to others and help those m need. Please send a letter with picture to: 3857 Birch, Suite 454 - Newport Beach, CA 92660. LA./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and supportive seeks smart,loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 _to 35 for love and comparuonship. Write letter with J?hoto to Dr. G. Martin - 1107 Farr Oaks #184 South Pasadena, CA 91030 or call (213) 223-6100.

M e et the m o st b e autiful Women and top notch Men on

the world's #1 International DATELINE. Call l-900-3293032 or call l-900-FAX-DODA. Meet your future mate tonight. Must be 18 or older. $2.95/ minute. The Best. Sponsor is Aileron Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nev. If line complaints call 1702-598-2764. Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. #179, San Francisco, CA 94103. Successful, wealthy, good looking marriage-mmded ro mantic Amencan comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portu guese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated English-speak'ing, 1 non-smoKing, non-religious brasileira in L.A. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757, Santa Monica, CA 90408 PsYCHOTHERAPY Emotional and psychological help. Elizabete Alineida MA.

MFCC intern offers psycho therapy in English/Portuguese.

Reasonable rates. (31 0) 2817536. REAL ESTATE BUYING, SELLING, RENT ING- Let me assist you with all

your Real Estate needs. Any where in the U.S. through Na tional Referral Services. Call Debora J ackson at (703) ?480700. McEneamey Assoc1ates Inc. RENTAL

for single woman. Share kitchen/bath With Brazilian/American family. W.L.A. $400. Utilities' included. (310) 287-0905. Private

studio

SERVICE OFFERED Civil Engmeer With Master s

Degree offers service. (Substan tialknowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521. Pyramid Press offers: typeset ting, copyediting, custom desk top publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425. SouvENIRS Camisetas, novidades do Brasil.

Mande 29¢ em selo para catalogo gratis. Studio Tee - P.O. Box 1469- Cooper Station,NY 10276 TRAVEL

Washington Tour & Travel -

Brasil Vigo - International Money Transmitter - Passagens aereas domesticas e intema cionais. Enviamos dinheiro para o Brasil em 24 horas. Traslados dos aeroportos em Washington D.C .. Tours em Washington D.C. - Tel: (703) 527-6977. . TRANSLATION & INTERP. Certified translator, fast and

reliable. Call Sonia (813) 7747458. J. Henry Phillips, simultan�ous interpreter and ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (512) 8 34-1941. Fax: (512) 834-0070. 49

MONDAY 1 6:00 PM - Amazon Week - Open

ing Cerimonies with shaman Davi Kopenawa Yanomami and Guarani leader Marta Silva Vito Guarani at the United Nations (43rd St. & 1st Ave.)- (212) 925-5299 Z A BU MBA HAS LIVE MUSIC DAILY. SE E AD AT PAGE 4 ALL MONTH - Northeast artist Rosamaria shows her oil on can

vas at Timbuktu - 1661 Superior Ave. (714) 650-7473

TUESDAY 2 5:00 PM -Amazon Week - Master Weavers of the Amazon: The Kaxinawa at Varig (45 Rockefeller Plaza)- (212) 925-5299

WEDNESDAY 3 5:00 PM-Amazon Week-Environ

mental Protection vs. Development in Brazil at ColumbiaSchool of Jour nalism(45 Rockefeller Plaza)-(212) 925-5299

THURSDAY 4 9:00 PM - Carlao

Nino's

and guitar at

SUNDAY 7 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at

Foothill Club

ALL DAY - Artists Julinya Vidigal and Ricardo Morita at the Hollywood Bowl Arts

Fair. Arth show with food and entertain ment. (213) 876-4556 5:00 PM - Amazon Week - Closing Picnic

at Sheep's Meadow, Central Park - (212) 925-5299 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM - Brazilian Soccer Tournament. See ad p. 38

9:00 PM- Zeca do Trombone & His Band

9:00 PM- Katia Moraes at 14 Be

low

FRIDAY 5 10:00 AM - 7:00 PM - Ca�eira Angola ct Amazon Expo - Saint Pefer's Church (54th & Lexington)

(212) 925-5299

9:00PM-Entre Nos & Brazil Show

at Bahia Cabana

SATURDAY 6 10:00 AM - 7:00 PM - Capoeira Angola ct Amazon Expo - Saint Pefer's Church (54th & Lexington)

(212) 925-5299

9:00 AM - Brazilian Dance Party

atS.O.B. - 204 VarickSt. (212)2434940 8:30 PM-Kandombe Percussion Ensemble at Dairy Center for the

Arts, 2590 Walnut St. - (303) 4409037

ALL DAY-Artists Julinya Vidigal and Ricardo Morita at the Holly wood Bowl Arts Fair. Arth show with food and entertainment. (213)8764556

9:00 PM - Som Brasil & Ginga Brasil Show at Bahia Cabana

at Bahia Cabana

2:00 PM- 8:00 PM -Brazilian Folklore at

14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854

LOS ANGELES 14 B e low - 1348 14th St., Santa Monica- (310) 451-5040 Bokaos Club - 8689 Wilshire Beverly Hills- (31 0) 659-1200 Cafe Danssa-11533 W. Pico Bl. West L.A.- (310) 478-7866 Caffe Roma- 350 N. Canon Dr. Beverly Hills- (310) 274-7834 Century Supper Club - 10131 Constellation Bl.-(310) 553-0000 Fais-Do-Do 5257 W. A dams L.A.- (310) 842-6171 Foothill - 1992 Cherry Ave. Long Beach- (310) 983-919 0 LaVe Lee- 12514 Ventura Bl. Studio C ity- (818) 980-8158 SaintMark s-23 Windward Ave. Venice- (310) 452-2222 Tatou - 233 N. Beverly Dr. Beverl y Hills- (310) 274-9955 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd C ulver C ity- (310) 84 1-6525 -

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

calendar

THURSDAY 11 7:30 PM - Master Pregui9a & Omulu Capoeira Group at San Francisco State University's McKenna Theater - 1600 HollowayAve. (415) 695-8845 9:00 PM -Kleber Jorge & Rique Pantoja at 14 Below 9:00 PM - Carlao and guitar at Nino s '

FRIDAY 12 9:00PM-Som Brasil & Aquarela Show at Bahia Cabana

SATURDAY 13 9:00PM-Entre N6s & Ginga Brasil Show at Bahia Cabana

SUNDAY14

may 95

FRIDAY 19

1:00 PM - 4:00 PM -Viva Brasil Gala Picnic at Charles Krug Winery in St Helena (415) 986-1388 9:00PM- BandaPandemonium & Brasil Show at Bahia Cabana

SUNDAY2 1 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill Club

•

NEWS from BRAZIL- MAY 1995

iii

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NEW YORK/ NEW JERSEY

1\i ......

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RADIO

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Brasil com S - EverySaturday, 9 00PMwith Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBGO Brazil FM - EverySunday, 10:00PMwith Tulio Reis105.9 FM- WNWK Brazil Street Samba Every Friday, 10 PM with L e o C o s t a & Alberto Lopes. 89.9 FM - WKCR

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Brazilians in America-TV -EverySunday, 5:30PMChannel 16

THURSDAY25 9:00 PM - Carlao Nino's

and guitar at

Agora Brasil - Every Saturoay, 3:00PM - 4 00PM, KPFA, 94.0 FMwith Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho- Ever Wednesday, 9:30 PM, ZSC, 88.1 FMwith Renato Frota Canta, Brasil - EverySund , 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM K UP , 91.5FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman Programa de Domin Every Sunday, 1:00 2:00 PM, KSQQ 96.1 FM with Lino Bugatti A Taste of Brazil - Ever Sunday, 10:00PM - 11:0 PM, KKSF, 103 7with Dick Conte Tropicalia Brasiliana Ever riday. 8 ooPM-g oo PM, USF, 90.3 with Raimundo Franco

SUNDAY28

() l> <D 0 0 U1 0

9:00PM- Som Brasil & Aquarela Show at Bahia Cabana

6:00 PM - Carnaval Festival at Harrison St. between 16th & 22 (415) 824-8999 9:00 PM - Carnaval Ball with Lisa Silva at Bahia Cabana

�

The Sounds of Brazil- Every Sunday, 11:00 m - 1 00 am , KSSJ FM, 1 1.9 with Scott Adams

S. FRANCISCO

SATURDA.Y 27

SACRAMENTO, California

FRIDAY 26

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The Ferryboat- Embarcadero St, Pier 3, SF, (415) 788-8866 Nino's- 1916 Martin L. King Jr., Berkeley (510) 845-9303 Pasand Lounge - 2284 Shat tuckAv.,Berk. (510)848-0260 The Ramp 855 China Basin San Franctsco (415) 621-2378 Yosbi's -6030 Claremont Ave. Oakland (510) 652-9200

()

9:00 PM- Hugo Jojo at 14 Below

•

...

�

SAN FRANCISCO Alberto's - 736 W. Dana St., MtnView, (415) 968-3007 Aioli 469 Bush Street San Francisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz 1317 San Pablo Ave.-Berkeley (510) 52�-5054 Bahia - 41 Franklm St. - S. Francisco (415) 626-3306 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market St.- S. Fco. (415) 861-4202 Chambord 152 Kearney St. S. Francisco (415) 434-3688

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TV& RADIO

7:30 PM - Street Beat's Brazilian Carnaval at Unity Center, 412 S. Park View St. (213) 383-7342 9:00PM-Noite Baianawith Renni Flores & Samba Reggae Band at Fais Do Do

10:00 AM - 6:00 PM - Brazilian Soccer Tournament. See ad p. 38 9:00PM-Zeca do Trombone & His Band at Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY18

.,., IU

SATURDAY20

7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill Club

2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant , 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854

u.s.a.

11:00 AM - Carnaval Grand Pa rad e - Starts at 24th St. and Bryant (415) 824-8999 9:00 PM - Carnaval Ball with Lisa Silva at Bahia Cabana 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 7235854

N 0 -

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Boston Area Books Uvrula Plenitude (800) 532-5809

Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000

Oentost SylvloP. Lessa (617) 924-1882

Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cacha�• (611) 666-5410

lnstructoon Braz. & Amer. I.e- Inst. (617) 787-7716

Musoc BraziiCDs (617) 524-5030

Publocatoons The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651

Restaurants Care Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropldlia (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascarla (611) 661-6613

Chicago

[!IMffi!;!•f}i•li§lil•l•fi

Centro Cultural Gaucho (213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif. (714) 857-6764 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 SambaU -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190

.,.un.ung

Henriques · Maintenance (818) 767-5153

fl•l•fii!Mi·

Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664

•®®F

Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polido (714) 848-9200

w;+lijrlQ@I.Hri.UI.hW

Brazilian Nites Prod. (818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties & Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992 The Rio Thing (818) 753-4932

em•�•:nmna• Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139

M1·"·1•110ff'·1•11M Brazil "R" US (310) 607-9771

Df1Mfl"•"

Brasil Brasil Cult. Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427

Consulate

MUSIC

Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244

Bossa Nova - GeOrgia (818) 891-0912 Braz.Jazz IAll Occasions (310) 839-3788 Jazz- Richard Samuels (818) 798-5424

Translatoons Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683

Los Angeles •!33.Iilrlfffil

Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436

·mnn;

Varig (800) GO VARIG Vasp (310) 364-0160

Arts & Crafts Bakarl Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebl Designs (310) 391-6530

·mmaa·h''

Cosmo Auto Parts (213) �59-9818 Joio Fontes (310) 396-6690 Pit Stop- Onclna do Ita (310) 643-6666

:woo

Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996

Caterong Joy'a (310) Reml (818)

Catering 438-3415 Vila Real 280-0061

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Samba (310) 983-9190 Summer Brazil (310) 455-1712 52

Physocaan Paulo Coharte (310) 285-9670 Declo Rangel (310) 828-7454 Ingrid Rodl- Gynec. (310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430

Uf"'iiti''mw•uut.fi9'

Elizabeth Almeida M.A. (310) 281-7536 Fatima Castro (310) 822-6770 Dr. Jefferson Si (818) 592-0402

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Newa from Brazil (213) 255-4953

l@f111f1df1;1ffl''f'

Bossa Nova (31 0) 657-5070 B.-azilian Tropical (714) 120-1522 By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Care Brasil (310) 837-8957 Lulu's Aiibi (310) 479-6007 Pan Handler (714) 970-5826 Rio Grande (818) 376-0202 Volle's Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0122 Zabumba (310) 841-6525

Mlfhfifl®iYOOiijfiM

Brazilian Int. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantlns Communlc.

1fW9[jl•liif

Around the WorldTrl. (800) 471-6333 BrazilTours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H - Hotel Repres. (800) 544-5503 Heliview - Helicopter (805)297-3691

Miami Aarllnes Transbrasil (800) 812-3153 Varlg (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277

Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167

':tmp:!•fii•Ii§I1"1•N ABFC - As. Bras. da Fl6r. (407) 354-5200 Cim. Com. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161

'1·1·fi"fl'·

Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200

•BDWf

Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de Si (305) 262-8212

•m•:•:'M9f1•U All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Guaran6 Esteves (305) 345-1540 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718

2•Vfi11f'·F

Dr. Jorge Macedo (305) 271-7311 Dr. Mario Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 772-4694

i!JD"f'''.,·E

Florida Review (305) 374-5235

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Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-1001 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358 Gula Gula (305) 532-3636

New Port Tours (305) 312-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580

New York New Jersey =r:mw

uno-Brazilian Books (800) 127-LUSO

'1mffi!:!•f}i•1if'"•'•fi

Brazilian Ch. of Com. (212) 575-9030 Brazilian Com. Bureau (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280

1·"f1''fil'·

Brazilian Gen. Cons. (212) 757-3080

emp;•:nmnaw AmazOnia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884

:Mi1ltfl"·hf

The Brasilians (212) 382-1630 Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 Samba Newsletter (718) 937-0574

;Gi§llifl,jf

Brasilia (212) 869-9200 BrazillOOO (212) 877-7730 Brazilian Pavillion (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 Indigo Blues (212) 221-0033 S.O.B. (212) 243-4940

Wl§ij91•1•'9rld1fW

Barb Tour Service (201) 313-0996 International Sandny (718) 699-2900 Mystical Destinations (718) 956-1630 Nascente Travel (718) 545-0608 OdysseaTravel Service (212) 826-3019 Santos Dumont Int. (212) 764-5680

Francisco Area Aarllnes Varlg (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP

Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100

Auto Repaar Nelson Auto Repair (415) 255-6717 Matts Auto Body (415) 565-3560

Banks Banco do Brasil (415) 398-4814

Beauty Salon Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Dalven Hair Design (415) 433-7646 Neyde's (415) 681-5355

Bake Repaar West Bike (415) 241-9125

Clubs B.A.S.O. (415) 661-2788 Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106

Computer Micronet (415) 665-1994

Consulate Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170

Dance Instruction Aquarela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Cora�io (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suor (415) 282-7378

Dental Care Roberto Sales, DDS (51 0) 451-8315

Food Brazilian Coffee Dist. (415) 648-5966

San Diego

California Produce (415) 586-6200 HGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511

Wlf1291•1H$dflifW Atlantictur (800) 535-0942 Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 BTBTours (800) BRASIL-4 Discover Brazil Tours (800) 524-3666 Euroamerica (305) 358-3003 InternationalTours (800) 822-1318 LumaTravel (305) 374-8635 Monark Travel (305) 374-5855

San

•11Uihlf

Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826

Clubs & Assocaataons Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 222-6911

Wi•tl•l•lifl$t:J·I·l1W Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401

•N·'"*''mm'fi'"i¥

Vigo-California (619) 479-VIGO

Instruction Portuguese- A. Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv. (415) 587-4990

Money Remattance Via Brazil ( 415) 673-0262 Vi go (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258

MUSIC Fogo na Roupa (510) 635-8406

Marcos Sliva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sui (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil (415) 342-8508 Voz do Brazil (415) 586-2276

Musacal lnstruments Tamborlm & Samba (415) 871-2201

Physacaan Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219

Prmtang MC.Printlng (510) 268-8967

Pubhcataons Brazil Today (510) 223-5190 News from Brazil ( 415) 648-5966

Restaur /Naght Clubs Bahia Cabana (415) 861-4202 Cafe do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Cafe Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto do Brasil (415) 626-8127 Uttle Rio (415) 441-3344 Michelangelo Care (415) 986-4058 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600

Soccer Sunset Soccer Supply (415) 753-2666

Translation Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Ralmundo Franco (415) 285-8364

Travel Agencaes Rio Roma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 TucanosTravel (415) 454-9961

ashington DC Area Aarllnes Transbrasil (202) 775-9180 Varig (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277

Banks Banco do Brasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. deS.Paulo (202) 682-1151

Clubs & A ssocaatlons Braz. Am. Cult. lnst. (202) 362-8334 Inst. of Brazil. Buslnesa (202) 994-5205

Embassy Embalnda do Brasil (202) 745-2700

Travel Agencaes Intern. DiscountTravel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977

NEVVS from BRAZIL - MAY 1995

® AD:��!��E��:::!CY licenciados pelo Departamento de Bancos

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NEWS from BRAZIL· MAY 1995

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GILBERTO HENRIQUES, D.D.S. •

Cosmetic Dentistry • Crowns • Bridges • Gum Treatment • Dental Whitening • Root Canal

FREE EXAM: INCLUDES 2 X·RAYS With this ad

CHARLES L JOHNSON When most folks think about pov erty in the Third World, the prevalent image is one of urban crowding in favelas or co/6nias. These are words for the shantytowns that "symbolize what is wrong" with the countries where they exist ·----·

Outside of its major cities, the Brazilian Amazon is not known for favelas, although the poverty is none theless real. Isolated communities appear as islands of misery in the midst of splendor. These are places that suffer from a lack of resources, detached from the amenities that "civi lized people" enjoy.

When the circus comes to town in the Amazon, it's not only fun and games. The juggler might be a doctor, the clown a nutritionist, and the tightrope walker a community development expert. Here's some rural assistance that is too small and sensible for the World Bank, too remote from Brazil's political and economic turmoil perhaps even to survive, but too good a model to lose. ·

Water, Water, Everywhere. .. But not a drop that is potable with out treatment Though many species of Amazon wildlife depend on the flood cycle for their survival, it can be hazardous to humans. Rainy-season flooding means less land for farming, fewer pastures for livestock, more difficulty in catching fish and pollu tion from human waste that mixes with the drinking water. The result is disease caused by poor sanitation and undernutrition.

This describes the situation faced by Dr. Eugenio Scannavino when he arrived in Santarem, a city in the heart of the Amazon, near where the Tapaj6s and Arapiuns Rivers meet the Ama zon River. It was early in the 1980s,

and Dr. Eugenio had just finished a stint in the Javelas of Sao Paulo. He could see that there was little medical

care outside of Santarem, and an even shorter supply of technological skills

people about health care, how to boost production, and how to improve other activities such as gardening, small animal raising, handicrafts, rubber tapping, teacher training and tree rais ing. The key is environmental educa tion. The H&H staff quickly focused on two emergency needs: health care

is a matter of deadly seriousness, es pecially in the case of infants. Sudden dehydration through diarrhea in young children is a common killer. It can be treated with a homemade oral rehy

clinics, and a slew of misconceptions

water. Other simple yet lifesaving

proving the output and variety of foods available (especially during the flood

solution to polluted water to make it safe to drink.

(there were few medicines, almost no

for utilizing the area's available re

about good health practices) and im

problems - the Health and Happi ness Project (Projeto Saude eA/egria).

season, when fish become scarce and most people subsist on a mixture of

came to a halt due to a lack of funds. It got off the ground again in 1988,

chiba).

sources. It wasn't long before he de veloped a plan to deal with these

Founded in 1984, the project soon

and since then has become a popular and effective means of improving the quality of life of people living in

virtual isolation: there are no roads connecting the 19 communities and 94 settlements which the project cov ers, other than the rivers. It reaches more than 20,000 people.

The 32-member staff is divided

into seven sections: Health, Educa tion, Art, Communication, Rural Pro duction Development, the Informa tion and Research Center, and Ad ministration.

example. Among North Americans, the word has a somewhat humorous connotation- the "trots" and so forth. But among these riverbank people, it

manioc flour and water known as

dration solution of sugar and salt in

methods include adding a chlorine

Monitors are the educational link

in making their fellow community

members aware of the effective home remedies at hand. The name "moni

The first programs to be carried out reflect these priorities: "Contami nation and lllness Cycles," "Life and

tor" is significant since these workers are also taught how to keep records to track the status of public health in the

Health" and "Human Ecology."

advise health authorities of impend ing problems, such as threatening outbreaks of disease. This is truly a "bootstrap" program, in that trained

Environment Cycles," "Community

Is Health What You Haven't Got? As the project was getting under

way, community members were asked

community, as well as to detect and

monitors fan out into surrounding ar eas to pass on their skills to others.

about their conception of health. They tended to define it as "getting sick and then getting well." Since there were essentially no clinics or medical per sonnel, prevention was mostly an un

H&H estimates that these monitors

people, was a place where you went

when mom and pop are out farming,

are now able to handle upwards of 70 percent of health problems, evidence of their crucial role within the project. It is common for children to be left

known process. A clinic, for most

in charge of their younger siblings

only when you were severely sick or

hunting and the like. Consequently, H&H has created a Kiddy Monitor

to the creation of the Great Mocorongo

area. And when one lacks the means

the ages of six and fourteen are taught

rongo is the local name for people

result is, not surprisingly, a fatalistic

for their brothers and sisters.

poignantly reflected in the high infant mortality rate.

concept of H&H: To endeavor to in volve 100 percent of the people in the

under control, the time came to go beyond merely treating injuries and

their quality of life.

If any undertaking is to be suc cessful, it first has to get the attention

of its target, which is every member of the community. What better way than to stage a show, an idea that led

Health and Happiness Circus. (Moco living in this area.)

The circus is in town The circus is a lot more than a

bunch of clowns and jugglers and

tightrope walkers. Behind the masks

and greasepaint hide doctors, nutri

tionists, veterinarians, agronomists, educators, and other community

development experts. When the circus rolls into town make that "sails into town" - it is first of all a call to work. The Health and Happiness team uses the spec tacle as a means of generating excite

ment in order to promote its three

main community-oriented objectives: health, rural development, and main taining the local culture. The show is

a drawing attraction that helps teach

hurt. The low economic level pre cluded any sort of investment in this and the know-how to stay healthy, the

attitude toward death and illness,

program, whereby children between basic skills that they apply to caring These programs indicate a core

Once the emergency situation was

decisions that will lead to improving

illness and providing medicines. The

Realizing the£eed to break away from the fish-and-chiM cycle, the

munity. These people learn medical skills at a paramedic level: first aid, giving vaccinations and performing emergency tooth extractions. Equally

that work with farmers to show how the quality and yield of local plants can be improved, with a number of experimental farms now in progress.

As far removed as these communities

ished need to deplete wildlife in the

next phase involved training what are called "health monitors" in each com

important, they teach community members the fundamentals of good health, stressing preventive measures.

are from medical facilities, fast ac

tion is often required to combat

chronic problems. Diarrhea is one

project has put teeth into its nutrition program. It has a team of agronomists

A veterinarian provides small animal raisers with support, knowing that increased production means a dimin

surrounding forest. In the belief that knowledge of the

environment enhances respect for it,

the H&H approach strives to make community members aware of the resources available in the surround

using ground eggshell as a handy source of calcium, or sticking a rusty nail in an orange to furnish iron to combat anemic deficiencies. Another program that ties in with the Mothers

phasizing the need to properly use and preserve these resources. Education forms part of an ambi tious H&H project intended to re

Clubs is called "Women: Body and Soul." It deals with a wide range of subjects, such as mother-child rela tions, body awareness, cottage

of trees, as well as to introduce useful species that are not found in the re gion, such as certain citrus fruits. As the day wears on, preparations begin for the evening performance of the circus. Once again, the goal is educational entertainment. No way is it merely a show for the people, it is a show with the people. The local pa

vamp teaching methodology along

industry production and handicrafts.

vilion is made ready, costumes are

ing forest - food, curatives, housing and potential income - while em

two lines. First, the overriding phi

Experts in the Rural Production

prepared, and skits are rehearsed.

losophy is that teaching should be tailored to local realities, drawn from the geography, climate and culture of each community. This concept stems

section work with community mem

H&H acrobats set up their gear they, too, often pass on their skills, training aspiring tightrope walkers, jugglers and other performers. Not long after night falls, the cur

from the fact that in Brazil, education curricula are based on a national "stan dard" that reflects little of the

bers in many agricultural areas. In cluded are chicken and pigraisers, rub ber tappers and farmers who are being taught to develop new and more nutri tious species of plants, particularly the ubiquitous manioc. Another good

tain rises. The circus is open to every one; it is a showcase for local talent

country's vast cultural spec trum. Secondly, l e arning

such as musicians, storytellers, hams and anyone else who might

should be based on game

have something to contribute.

playing; things that are fun sink in deeper.

Those with well-hidden abili ties can slap on a little grease paint and clown around. This is no spectator-in-the-bleachers event but most definitely a hands-on production reminis cent of street theater. At each performance, the community

With their obvious reflec tion of the good feelings pro duced by the circus, games are an important educational tool that can be applied to virtually every activity. Mter all, it's much more exciting to learn about bees if, for example, for a brief while you can actually be a bee.

joins with theH&Hers to put on skits with a message: the ben efits of forming co-ops; how contagious diseases are spread; the causes and prevention of

A Day in the Life

undernutrition; the dangers of

As the H&H boat chugs in,

drinking untreated water. These

it is greeted by the community amid much hullabaloo. Since

"household hints" are intended to save lives, rather than make

many of the staff show up in

your shirts a whiter white or

clown garb, the walk into town often becomes a mini-parade,

remove that nasty stain from

But hold everything. Busi

your carpet. Some places have formed what's known as a Headcold Choir, which sings about respi

ness before pleasure. During

ratory problems that can result

the day, activities are mainly divided between checking and doing. In conjunction with

from neglecting a simple cold or from the overuse of medi-

jugglers juggling and musi cians playing.

cines. By the time the evening's festivities have ended bothH&H staff and community members have ..,...

...,.� ...

health monitors, children are examined and weighed (espe cially the newborn), expectant moth ers are given checkups in the presence of midwives, community health sta tus records are updated, and immedi

tip is the use of the termites that abound in the region as a source of protein for feeding chickens. In communities with a school,

ate medical problems are treated. Each community has a Mothers Club, one

H&Hers meet with children and teach ers to check on programs such as

of whose duties is to work with nutri

proper tooth-brushing techniques or

had quite a workout. And this is a project that works. Its ingenious blend of learning and having a good time leaves people feeling good in body and spirit. Visits normally last three to four

tionists to learn how the family diet can be improved. This may include pointing out the medicinal herbs that

the tree nursery, a popular activity among children. Part of the Fruition project, the latter is an attempt to

days. H&H staff members may also come to call under specific circum stances - the agronomy section, or

are found nearby, plus tips such as

preserve and upgrade local varieties

the medical team in case of a disease

outbreak, and so on. A recent event of great significance has been the chol era epidemic in Latin America. It is to the credit of the Health and Happi ness Project that cholera has thus far

given the task of documenting the local life, which may range from in terviews (oral history) to acting as recording secretaries for meetings of community groups. There is also Live

monitors, teachers, mothers clubs and other involved groups, in tandem with general awareness campaigns, to be self-sufficient to the greatest possible degree. It's good to know that your

the project operates. This is most likely due to three factors: the effectiveness of the health-monitor program, the

"aired" to the community itself in a simulated broadcast (at a circus per formance, for example) and with some

problems are being solved, but even more satisfying is the sense of pride in realizing that you have taken an ac tive part in the process.

been kept away from the areas where

three years that the project's Hygiene,

Rural Sanitation and Diarrhea Pre

vention Program has been imple mented, and the widespread use of chlorine solution to create potable

Radio, with recorded material first

material taken to Santan!m for actual broadcasting as part of a Rural AM

program. Toward this end, Grassroots Communications provides training in the methods of broadcasting. There are also community and intercommu

nity newspapers that offer prospec

The Caboclos -

tive journalists a chance to work in

Preserving a Culture The current world focus on the Amazon has almost exclusively dealt with the Indians. Very little has been

this medium, as well as serving as a tool for the exchange of ideas. Other popular media forms are educational photo-comics with plots

up the great bulk of the Amazon popu lation- the caboclos (Portuguese for mixed Indian and white: the majority of the population in the area covered by the H&H Project). The caboc/o

and then shot by the H&H crew, and a News Wall, a large bulletin board where community news, photos, and other items are posted. The outcome is two-pronged: media skills are

that of the Indians. There are no tribes cf caboclos, no ritual

awareness of their culture and how

said about the ethnic group that makes

culture is perhaps less flamboyant than

dances, no tribal gods (or Hollywood movies). How ever, translating the some

what high-falutin Portu

guese word acervo, these people are the "storehouse" of folklore in this part of the Amazon, a valuable body of knowledge.

Herein lies another goal of the project: to keep alive a culture threatened by two

problems confronting most developing areas, rural

flight and the encroachment of the outside world. Here's where the Communications

Sector steps: in. Besides documenting activities, great efforts are dedicated to recording the caboclo

developed by community members

istered by the Center for Advanced Studies in Social Care. Its main head

quarters are in Rio de Janeiro, and there is a regional office in Santan!m. In mid-1991, government funding

they can improve it. The Information and Resource Cen ter puts out the word

ensure that at least current work will not be halted. Any type of support is useful, including donations of money or equipment.

along with serving as a center for re

project may be obtained from the fol

hints" are intehded to . save lives, rather than make your shirts a whiter white or remove that nasty stain from your carpet.

calls Local Correspondents. They are

The Health and Happiness Project is a nongovernmental organization admin

taught, w bile the people gain mcreased

"household

most likely candidates to skip town and head for the big city - are en couraged to become what the project

learn about the project there is an increasing number of requests for in formation, assistance and training.

for the H&H Project was put on hold for ten months. The circus came to a halt. This was not the first time a shutdown had occurred. The subse quent release of governmental funds in no way implies that the flow will be constant. For this reason, the project

These

culture. As always, the key is to get people involved, as evidenced by the program's name, "Grassroots Commu nications." Teenagers and youth - being the

The demand cannot be underesti mated. As neighboring communities

about the project,

search on present and future activi ties. It works with virtually all media

is attempting to assemble backers to

Additional information on this

lowing addresses:

Projeto Saude e Alegria (CEAPS)

- Rua Paulo Barreto, 23 - Botafogo

- still photogra

CEP 22.280-010 Rio deJaneiro,BRA

phy, video, and au diotape recordings - to compile data

Ax!ceapsrio

on community life and lore. The ar

chives of the IRC are available to any

ZIL - Tel.: (55) (21) 266-7896 - Fax: 2 66-7897 Email (Al terNex) :

Projeto Saude e Alegria - Av. Borges Leal, 2284 - Cx Postal 243 -

one who would like further information

CEP 68.040-080 Santarem, Para, BRAZIL - Tel. (55) (91) 523-1083 Fax: 523-1083

The Future of

You can order Fighting for the Soul of Brazil, the book from

on the project.

the Project Project scheduling is naturall y keyed toward expansion, aimed at

where this article was excerpted by calling (415)255-7296 or mailing your request to Global Exchange, 2017 Mission St., Suite 303, San

communities, through their health

MasterCard accepted.

reaching more and more of the iso lated communities in the mid Ama zon. The ultimate goal is for these

Francisco, CA 94110. Each book costs $14 plus $2 for postage and handling. Visa and

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