Brazzil - July 1995

MUSIC: THE ENRAGED BRAZILIAN REGGAE

TRAVEL: SALVADOR DA BA BRAZIL WAS BOA

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4

NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

�\e'\9�; �� Few Brazilians believed it could happen, the immense majority even recently was against it, but when Congress voted to end the oil mo­ nopoly by Petrobras the whole coun­ try seemed to give a collective sigh of relief. Born 42 r.ears ago as an answer to the Brazilian urgency of being self sufficient in oil, the giant state company not only did not de­ liver on its promises as became a state inside the state devouring its own creator.

That's why there were people

8 Coyer Oil monopoly - the beginning of the end

again on the streets shouting the same words that marked the oriri n of Petrobnis: "0 petr6leo e nosso' ("The oil is ours"). So that wouldn't be any misunderstanding, this time they were adding, "Not from Petrobnis." The oil monopoly break is just one more proof that Brazil is another Brazil, when it commemorates the first anniversary of the introduction of the real, a strong currency indeed.

Five years ago it was a taboo to talk about privatization of steel mills, for example. Today, auctions are tak­ ing place without the noisy protests that marked the same sales at the

CONTENTS

29

Rio & Sao Paulo:

Short story One by Machado de Assis (bilingual)

the mayors' story

18 19 Not those high interests!

21 Saving the Amazon and their people

22 Our music on the information highway

24 Arn6bio, the Minas star

25 Reyjew Telles Ribeiro's latest

16

Borrowing from English

beginning of the program. Gone is the rhetoric that Brazil is going to lose its sovereignty.

The congress vote on Petrobras per se, and a little earlier on the end of the communications' monopoly by the state, doesn't mean that much.

It may take years before Brazilians will be able to feel in their pockets the effects of these changes. There's nothing magic here. But the symbol­ ism of it all is too important to be ignored. It shows a Brazil finally eager to do business the capitalistic way and ready to open its doors to the rest of the world.

R.M.

Cover by Aylan Francesco

35

DEPARTMENTS

Paulo Coelho, the best-seller wizard

40

6 Rapidinhas 14 Letters 45 Brazilian Notas 46 The Cultural Pulse 47 Por ai 49 Classifieds so U.S.A. Calendar 52 That's Brazilian

Travel Bahia tale- Chapter 1

42 A new biting reggae

54 B.22k T he Saramago magic

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NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

.

5

RRPIDINHRS

The dollar is starting to get a little more respect from the real, the new Brazilian currency, which according to experts has been overvalued by at least 25%.

Since the end of June, Brazil's Central Bank decided to let the dollar value fluctuate between 91 and 99 centavos. Even though expected for some time now, the move came as a surprise. Exporters are looking forward to getting more. And the government is in desperate need of a foreign cash inf�sion to counterbalance 1ts mount­ ing trade deficit. From January to May, Brazil accumulated a deficit of $3.45 billion. Since March, the greenback has been allowed to fluctuate only between 88 and 93 centavos Maria Oliveira Barros,

better known as Maria Boa (Foxy Mary), is now 74 years old, and for 50 of them has been a famous Madam. In the 40's the presence of American Gls m the Maria Boa Cabaret made her whorehouse the most lively of them all in Natal (capital of Rio Grande do Norte). The business was still going strong with 40 girls a few months ago, when Maria Boa put the cathouse up for sale. She was supposed to get half a million dollars for the prime piece of real estate on which her

6

Gay Zumbi?

Five years ago anthropolo­ gist Luiz Mott wrote that Zumbi, a hero of the black movement in Brazil, was gay and nobody said a word. He repeated the _stat�ment. re­ cently, provokmg mvechves, threats, and the vandalism of his home and car.

The story comes from Bahia, a land famous for her com­ posers and live-and­ let-live philosophy.

This year Bra­ zil is preparing to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the death of the Qui­ lombodosPalmares

leader.

Palmares was a community of run­ away black slaves :wh� orga­ nized themselves mstde the jungle.

Opportunist Mott, who is the President of Salvador's Grupo Gay, says that he has ample proof of the sexual pref­ erences ofZumbi, among them: l) His nickname was "sue­ ca" (Swede lady); 2) he was from Jagas de !'-ngola, an e�mc group m which homosexu­ ality was com­ mon; 3) as leader he had the right to be polyga­ mous, but there isn't any mention of women in his life; 4) Zumbi was found dead, castrated with the penis inside his mouth.

Many other gays have been killed in this manner in Alagoas, where the black leader lived.

bordello was located. But she may end up with much less. Five of her ex­ employees went to court looking for compensation totaling $100,000. They are asking for vacations they never had and night-shift additional. Paulo Saraiva, lawyer for the litigants, says his case is a piece of cake. "Eighty percent of Natal's male population can testify as to the girls' profession," he guarantees.

Six thousand members of Igreja Assembleia dos Anjos (Assembly of Angels Church), a new sect in Belo Horizonte (capital of Minas Gerais), say they are re�dy to take up arms agamst criminals in the city's streets. The church's pastor, Amantino Ribeiro Netto, 54, who pr�fers to be called "drrector­ commander-in-chief of the Army of Good," seems serious and has no lack of funds or fanatics. He is in the process of getti_ng a license to open a pnvate security company: Probl7m is Netto has a thtck pohce ti'le including accusations of battery, swindling, and an eight-year jail term for seducing of a minor.

NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

Communications Whoever says McDonald's and romantic eating don't go together hasn't been to the McDonald's in Ipanema. Every Tuesday night there is a crowd of young couples sharing hamburgers and fries on china plates and Coca-Colas by candlelight. To end the night, the unorthodox burger franchi­ see throws in a free bottle of champagne. The price for this extravagance? No more than you would pay for your Big Mac without the extras.

Culture Minister F rancisco Weffort has already decided what to do to increase the national cinema's piece of the total pie. He is reviving a law from the days of the dictator­ ship, forcing movie houses to show Brazilian films for a minimum number of days a year. The schedule will be 28 days.

Rio's attorneys have already established a price list for assisting families involved in what has become a plague in Rio and Sao Paulo: kidnapping.

To work as intermediaries, the lawyers are charging a mini­ mum of $5,000 for starters, with $1,700 added for each day of negotiation. With this arrange­ ment the tendency will be to prolong as long as possible conversations with the abduc­ tors. For those who have to come up with the money, this amounts to double ransom.

NEWS from BRAZIL

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JULY 1995

Busy net Are Brazilians ever going to join the rest of the civilized world and get free access to the Internet?

They were promised the key to cyber-space several times, and delivery has been always postponed.

First in January, then in May. Embratel, the Brazilian Telecommunications Company, is now promising open doors in Septem­ ber. The most optimistic forecasts, however, pre­ dict a maximum of 180,000 Brazilian being able to reach out the Web and other Internet offerings no sooner than the end of the year.

Already in the country there are close to 1 million modems installed. But there is no infra­ structure to speed up the process. Give more people the password and the electronic super highway will be clogged.

While Brazilians wait in line to get on line, some publications are jumping the electronic gun.

Jornal do Brasil, a daily from Rio, became the first to offer its electronic edition to Internet users. 0 Estado de Silo Paulo news service, Agencia Estado is also on line. More modest, Rio's 0 Globo and Porto Alegre's Zero Hora, are electronically pub­ lishing their computer section only.

Jot down some addresses: Jornal do Brasil Online: http://www.i base.br/-jb/index. html Jornal do Brasil E-mail: jb@ax.apc.org Agenda Estado: http://Worldnews.neUestado/estadopub.htrnl 0 Globo: http://www.embratel.net.br/-oglobo/index.html Zero Hora Informatica: http:Ilwww.embra tel.net.br./infoserv/zero hora/in­ dexlhtml Brazilian Playboy E-mail: playboy@embratel.net.br President of Brazil E-mail: pr@cr-df.rnp.br Finance Minister E-mail: mfgab@cr-df.rnp.br

She has been called the Brazil­ ian Jackie Kennedy thanks to her sophistication and elegance.

Maria Tereza Goulart, 57, who was First Lady in the early 60s, is having a hard time paying the bills these days. J!liio Goulart, her husband, was nch, but theirs was not a community property marriage. The $ 11,000 that she receives from her late husband's pension ($700) and the leasing of properties haven't been enough to fmance her extravagant tastes and generos­ ity with friends. Her condo­ minium fees in the building she lives in Copacabana haven't been paid for 20 years. Three years ago the other residents of the building went to court to collect the money and are expecting a decision from the Justice. Mrs. Goulart's lawyer recognizes his client cannot J?ay all her bills. The former Fust Lady herself sees everythins in terms of personal persecution.

"I have survived much worse," she says.

Rio is getting back its luster, and fast. The Brazilian Associa­ tion of Travel Agents (ABAV) is expecting 920,000 foreign tourists in the so-called Cidade Maravi/hosa (Marvelous City), this year. It's a record. The loot to be left behind? $200 million.

7

NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995

600,000 in Rio. it was a bitter defeat for the unions linked to CUT (Unified Workers Federation) a very or­ ganized and active force opposing the President.

The movement's lead­ ers were at a loss as to what to do next, unable to foresee the obstacles, to act properly when they happened, or to draw solidarity from other quarters. On the contrary, they alienated most of the working class, since Petrobnis workers were seen as a privileged lot, receiving healthier salaries and better benefits than the common worker.

Even some strikers went against their lead­ ers. In a visit to a fac­ tory on strike, Congress­ man Jair Meneguelli, while trying to end the stoppage, was helped by an employee who asked, "Who's going to pay for this? Who has ordered this strike?" In the end, the strikers had to do without one month's salary, didn't get a cent more in their next pay­ checks, and received no promises beyond the one that there would be talks as long as they went back to work.

The Brazilian media seemed entirely on the side of the government.

The main argument cited in editorials and

THE STRIKE CALENDAR Au:.:u't I, I'J'J�- Oil \\ orkcrs present i'drobr;'ts their rc,·cndi.:ations for the 'i�/'J5 period. indudinl,! a I ll5'Y., raise in salaries.

September 20, I')')� - Ncl,!otiations stop. TST 1 Supreme l.abor

lnhunal) mtcncncs and establishes a 13.7�'X. salan readJustment for oil "orkcrs.

Sepll'mhl•r 2'J, I'J'J� - Oil \\ orkcrs begin strike.

Octuher 6, I')')� - Fonner President I tamar Fran.:o mcds in .I uit de hna 1 Mmas ( icntis state) "ith Vi.:cnk Paulo da Sih'<t. the Vi.:cntinho. prc,;idcnt of Cl IT 11 lnrftcd Workers l cdcratwn) and ,\ut(,nio Carlos Spis. president of I liP (Ilniftcd Oil \Vorkcrs 1-cdcration). Otl \\Orkcrs \\ ant a salar' n:ad_iustmcnt ,·an mg bct\\ccn 12·�� and IX'�-;. depending on the "al,!CS The\ drink draft beer at Bratiio restaurant and the President makes

-.;om.: promt-.;cs. hut signs no donnncnt. "ith the argument. ··Don't you trust the l'rcstdcnt's "ord·'-- The nc\1 daY the ,;trike ends.

Nm·emha I'J'J�- Mines and l·:ncrg' Minister lkkidio (iomcs meets "ith Labor Mini-.;tcr Man.:do l'imcntd to ratif�

an\ thmg. So,,n after. he reneges on the agreement l'drohras. empill\ cr of the :'O_Oilll oil \\Oilers. rduscs to a.:.:cpt the terms of the a.:.:ord 1\ nc\\ stnkc bcgms on NoYcmhcr 23.

!\Jay J I')'):\- X5% of oil "orkcrs gq on strike. /\gain they \\ant a raise, but thts tunc the\ arc also protcstmg against the proposed .:onstitutional amendment to break up l'ctrobrits· s monopol\ . Pctrohrits appeals to TST

during the strike even though h e wasn't able to sleep more than four hours a day, but he still showed some c o n t r ition.

1 Supreme Lab,,r Tribunal.). !\Jay 5 - Oil produdion falls 55'X, and natural gas. 35'!·<,. l'ctmhras unporh j,I•O million in fuel.

1\Ja� (, - Strikers and i'drohrits meet. No agreement.

1\la)· 7- TST dcdarcs strike illegal and ahusi\·c. l\Ja\' 10- Pctrohr;ts <mnounccs the firin!!

- of 25. Workers mcmKc \\ith

"Our mistake was to allow that the whole society w o u l d be harmed b y the lack

!\Jay II - 1\nt(lllio Carlos Spis. llI p· s president. heads the list oti'ired

Cardoso has a past as a leading socialist scholar and activist, his standing on this

.:olk.:t(,·c rcstgnation.

\\l>rkcrs. l'drobrits antHHtn.:cs a list of 3� more ftrcd kadcrs

1\ha� I:=; - \Vorkcrs appeal to the bishops. The response l.:lHncs from . the l'rcstdcnt. There \\OII t he am dialogue bdorc the\ go ha.:k to work. :\Ia� 16 - l'ud imports rcad1 $11H! million. Pdrobras mctw.:cs \\ith the lnnng of substitutes.

!\lay 17- Fl! I' asks reopening of dts.:ussions. !\Ia�· IH - Cardoso meets kadcrs of allied parties in sear.:h of

u

solutwn Rio starts to ti:d the la.:k of fuel

1\l:a\' 2 1 ·-/\round _,(,_litH! workers ( ti01n a total of �7.500! are hack to "ork.

·

!\hay 2� May 2r. !\Ia�· 2H

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strike brought com­ parisons to President Ronald Reagan who crushed an air traffic controller strike on August 1981, and prime-minister Mar­

TST dcdarcs tlkgal the raise requested hy strikers.

garet Thatcher, who in 1984 weathered a 51 -week strike b y

C lI I' 1l lmftcd \Vorkcrs I cdcratwn) admits negotiations and

goes b<ll.:k on tis idea of a general strike.

1\l:ay JU l'drobr<ts s main negotiator "ith strikers die.

June I -- Stnkcrs arc onh asking no\\ that firings be .:ancded.

June 2 -- II II' rc.:ummcnds b\ fa\ that stnkcrs drop all of their -·

of gas."

A l t h o u g h

/\nm o.:cupics four oil refineries

·

dcnwnds and go ba.:k to \\IHk. With the C\�cption of Cubat;1o all other rdtncrics a-:ccpt the recommendation in assemblies.

signed opinion articles was that Petro bras's workers had no reason to strike at this time since their contract wouldn't end until September. The union leaders, however, insisted they were only

trying to force the government to make good on ex­ President Itamar Franco's verbal promise of raising salaries.

THE REAL CARDOSO- The typical Petro bras worker is 35 years old, toils nine years for the company, has a wife and two children, and makes $1,000 a month. The bureaucratic side of the com­ pany works in an air-conditioned modem building in downtown Rio and receives 30% more for the so­ called insalubrity additional in their salaries. Con­ trary to the necktie crowd, however, the blue-collar workers in the refineries (6,000 of them) and in the 10

the President's oral

al,!rccmcnt l'imcnt.:l allcginl,! tiredness kaYes the room hdorc signing

drilling platforms (4,000) have their faces smeared with soot and must work hard after having en­ dured grueling ad­ mission tests.

At the end of the strike even Antonio Carlos Spis, FUP's (Unified Oil W ork­ ers' Federation) pre­ sident, recognized how ill advised the stoppage was. The union leader, whose parents came from Austria, kept his cool

120,000 miners i n Great Britain. B y a strange coincidence, Cardoso had met the Iron Lady in London just three weeks be-

fore the strike's beginning.

Aside from the middle man who charged desperate consumers 1000% more on gas containers (25 lb. containers that normally cost $5 were being sold for as much as $50 by some gougers in Sao Paulo), in the end apparently nobody profited from the longest strike in Petrobras's history. The workers had to give up their demands for a 28% raise. The government won a political victory, demonstrating that it could stand up to strikers, but at a very high economic cost. Fernando Henrique put on a show of force sending hundreds of soldiers, tanks, and military trucks and jeeps to oc­ cupy four refineries is Sao Paulo and Parana states.

During the 31 days that the strike went on, the country had to spend an extra $500 million importing NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

Cartoon & picture

published by Folha de Sao Paulo

oil and its by-products. The Oil Workers Union

lion due to the work stoppage. "Some resellers will (Sindipetro) said that the workers saw a loss of $57 have to fire workers to cut expenses," said Siuffo. "At million on salaries alone. There is a slight discrepancy least they will give anticipated vacations to everyone there, with Petrobnis's executives asserting that the of their employees."

1ost amount was $22.5. The difference has to do with THE PRIVATE DANCE- Brazilian history shows the headcount of strikers, depending on the side that that the country was never able to decide what would talks. While the company says that 15,000 workers sat be the best approach to exploring its natural wealth. on their hands, the union puts this number at 38,000.

According to historian Mauricio Vaitsman in his book According to an InformEstado 0 Petr6/eo no Imperio e na poll, the big losers after the strike Republica (Oil During the Empire were the population and the nation's and the Republic), Pedro II, PETRO BRAS economy. Almost 66% of interv­ Brazil's emperor from 1831 to iewees gave this response. Only 13.2% 1889, allowed the national and CHRONOLOGY think the oil workers themselves had foreign private sectors to search the most to lose. Petrobnis's 11 refin­ for oil in the country. Decree 1,044 I !!52 - Empo.:ror Dum Po.:dro II autho­ eries produce 63 million gallons of signed on September of 1852 rito.:s tho.: cro.:ation or a pri\·ato.: compam· to gasoline, diesel and heating oil every granted Antonio Mendes D 'Almei­ prospo.:ct for oil in tho.: northo.:asto.:rn stato.:s or day_ During the strike this output was l'iaui and Maranlt<lo. da and Constantino Conde de 19 I X -Tho.: fo.:do.:ral !!OYo.:mmo.:nt for tho.: reduced to about 10 million gallons a Zabielo the authorization to "in­ first time participato.:s i�1 the oil industr\ day. All over Brazil, people had to corporate a company with national lo.:nding o.:quipmo.:nt and to.:dmicians to a pri­ stand in line for hours to buy cooking and foreign stockholders with the gas. There were also lines of cars at gas stations -when there wasn't the feared "empty" sign on the pump and dozens of factories were forced to stop work due to the lack of gas. The union movement was also seen as a loser by 10% of those polled, and 3.5% believed that President Fernando Cardoso had lost prestige with the stoppage.

The owners of the 29,000 gas sta­ tions across the country think they had to suffer more than anyone else.

Luiz Gil Siuffo, President of the Na­ tional Federation of Fuel and Lubri­ cants Resellers (Fecombustiveis) re­ ported that gas stations lost $700 milNEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

,·ato.: company.

Jl) 19

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The 1\gricultnro.: Ministr\ go.:ts

funds to start sean:hing for oil on its O\\ n.

I �.13-t- Constitution liHhids pri,·ato.: so.:c­ tor to hm·o.: rights o\·o.:r tho.: subsoil.

I <J)')- On January 21. in l.ohato (stat.: or Bahia) ltH tho.: first tim..: oil l1o\\ s from a Brazilian \\ dl.

19-t8

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0 l'ell'<ilev

•'

.\'vsso campaign

pro.:\·o.:nts tho.: fo.:do.:ral goYemmo.:nt to allow the o.:ntry of l'l>reign capital to prospo.:ct t'l>r Bra­ zilian oil.

195)- l'drohr{ts is cro.:ato.:d hy l'ro.:sido.:nt Uo.:titlio Vargas through law 2JHl-t.

1960- Tho.: Oil National Council (CNP) is incorporated to tho.: Ministry or Mil)O.:S and Eno.:rgy.

I 995 - Congress n>to.:s to o.:nd tho.: oil monopoly as exen:iso.:d by l'o.:trohr{ts.

aim of exploring mines of fossil fuel, copper or any other mineral in the provinces of Maranhilo and Piaui"_ American businessmen seemed to secure the best deals. Decree 2,352, from November 1864 for example, granted American Tho­ maz Demy Sargent "faculty for 30 years to extract peat, oil and other minerals in the counties of Cama­ mu and Ilheus, in the province of Bahia." Sargent was authorized to do whatever he pleased with the land, including selling or swap­ ping it for something else. He was even allowed to expropriate pri11

vate land needed for mining, "provided that it could be proved that all friendly means had been used to obtain such property."

The reign of the private sec­ tor in the natural resources de­ partment crumbled together with the Empire when Pedro II was deposed in 1889 by general Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca, who became the first Brazilian President. The 1891 constitu­ tion transferred from the Union to the states the sovereignty over the mines in their territories.

According to Vaitsman, this approach delayed for at least three decades the exploration of oil in Brazil. "The mining impetus coming from the Em­ pire paralyzed the Magna Carta.

Promising researches were abandoned," writes Vaitsman in 0 Petr6/eo no Imperio e na Republica.

Three times before this last battle, congress was the stage for heated discussions about oil monopoly. First, during the dic­ tatorship ofGerulio Vargas, who governed from 1930 to 1945. At the end of the 20's the private sector had reorganized itself to explore the Amazon r i ver. which was divided into eight zones for mineral prospecting.

Six of these areas were handed to three companies be­ longing to an international con­ sortium. In 1930, contracts were signed but the real work never started - to the delight of a group of nationalist tenants de­ fending a hard-line regime and the strong hand of the state on the country's natural resources.

They were able to lead the argument on mineral wealth during the discussions of the 1933 Constituent Assembly.

The 1934 Constitution ended all private rights to the subsoil and gave back to the union total

THE WAY THEY SEE IT Slwuld llratil op.:n rts subsoil to the rest of the \\Orld'' I he coull o\ <:r" rs older thauthe republic. Monopolists and anti-mouopolists ha\·e dram<:trKalh opposed Jllhiiiolls The pr<>­ monopoh· responses \\ <:r<: taken from a document \Hillen In l'dwbras I :ngrne.:rs· 1\ssocrd­ tion: the anti-monopolY quotes are from the book ( ·artilha do fn,ltllllo .ltlatlli'.

In the past foreigners denied that then� "as oil in Brazil so the cuuntr� \\uuld hu� from them'! Why \\ould it he different nm' '!

ANTI-MONOPOLY

l

"Thrs used to happen d.:.:ad.:s ago I <!\\ areas of comm.:rcial law ha\·c ad\'anc.:d so much as the ones conc.:mim.! oil. Ntm ada\ s. the ..:ontracts arc highh k lmical and "rth pknt\ of guarantee for the countries \\here the fud is .:'traded from...

c

"Siu.:c I <J7() the nght of pro pert\ for '"" oil has fan>red state .:ompaui.:s '' lllch JH>s­ scss toda\ more thau <)(1<>,;, of the '' oiid ·' Pd rcscn·es · Onh in unrntnc' \\ Ith IIttk "" . rcsen c c,p]oration is pri\ ate. .

Fnreigners arc gning to take all our nil since theirs is ending.

"Contrar\ to the thinking Ill the 7o· s there is no more an\ pcrspcdl\'<! of scarl·c oil. The Middle Lust. Mc,ico and V.:nctnda alone ha\·e enough oil to supph the \\ orld for . the u.:'t Xtl Years . .

.. I he I JS rcs<:r\'cs decrease �·�.;, a \ cat \\ hrlc 111 Bratil for <:\'CI'\ oil hand produl·e,I three nc\\ ones arc dis<.:o\'cred. Bra11han oil is enough for our consumption hut not enough to c'port arlll end our rcs<:rYcs ..

Without Petrohri1� 's munopol�· oil prices "ill hl• going up.

"Oil prices are h>\\ IHl\\ ada\ s because the go\'cntmcnt pa\s the difti:rcnc.: \\ ith the lltoll<:\ that should be used to fund health. cdn.:<ition and securitY programs. I he ouh dli:.:ti\'e \\ a\' to lo\\cr prices is though m­ n.:as.: in pwdu.:tiou. To do such a thing \\ c uccd resources that l'ctrobr�Is h\ itsdf docs .. not ha\·e .

. . Rob..:rt Broughton. <:'·prcsrd.:ut of Sh..:ll in Bran!. had !istahlishcd that Ills .:ompan\ \\onld Ill\ est only if oil aud fud price' 111 Bran] \\ ere aligned \\ ith inkmatwit<Il Jll h.:c' 1 k suggested that foreign companies ,hnnlcl ha\ c some pn,·il.:ges. that is higg..:I pi Ill'' . and ad\ anlages in order to nunp..:k \\ Ith l'dwbr�Is ..

Foreigners arc going to harm PctrohriiS and set the dock back on oil l'Xploration.

"The law that \\ ill regulate the sector's opcnmg t II\ drocarhons La\\ 1 \\ill pre\ .:nt this kntLl of iniusti<.:.: l'ctwhr�Is \\ rll ha\<: a \'olum.: of oil ·..:ompatihlc \\ ith its abilit\ to c'plor.: it. Furth.:nnorc. l'drobr<'IS \\ill h..: free to associate itself \\ ith foreign and na­ tional capital. ..

"The House R.:prcscntatl\·es \\ rll srgn a blank .:heck if the� apprm c the tlleo�,me I he go\·cmm.:nt \\ill .:ud up"" 111g that \\..: '"""1,1 sell some refineries. ri!.!s. oil fields. "'",_., <Ill IISC the 1110n<:\ to im·e t Ill edllc<IIIPII. hc·;dt!J debt pa\ mcni. etc.. Whak\'L'r IS lett finnI l'drohrits \\ ill b.: pri,·atited as it happened \\ith Y I'F. Argentina· s state oil l'Oitl]l<lll\ ..

�

With the monopuly breakup there will he unemployment.

"On the wntran With the entrance of nc\\ n>mpanics in tit.: scl'lor. there \\ill be a stmng demand for qualified \\ ork.:rs. In ad­ ditwn. nwm indirect jobs \\ ill be created m the supph i comparir.:s. "hidt n<l\\ Ita\ c a sole c licnt. l'drohras ...

l�g

rights to prospect for mineral resources.

After winning the presidency in 1946, general Eurico Gaspar Dutra toyed with the idea of giving foreign companies the right to search for oil. His ideas, however, were met with a wide coalition of military, students, politicians and journalists who joined forces for the 0 Petr6/eo E Nosso campaign.

These forces created the Center for Oil Studies and Defense, a nationalist lobby. The House started dis­ cussions about the Oil Statute in March 1948. In May, Dutra, not being able to resist the pressure anti12

PRO-MONOPOLY

"lkcaus.: onh alkr the 1'17.' int.:rna"The multmationals onh sho\\ ed Illlo.:Ic'l tiona! oil nisis it b.:.:am.: .:cononucalh \ iin com Ill!! to llranl atkr th� disul\ cl\ ol hie: e ahk to .:'pi ore llratilian ll!l. srnc.: 'J01�;, of oil dqms ts ot't'shor.: auJ de\ dopm..:ut otto.:, hour oil come from big-depth und<:n\ akr nolog\ to .:'phn.: it. l'dwhras h.1s I"'" ..:d \\ <:lis. Its .:'ploration is too .:'p.:nsi\ .:. and it that is possihk to produce deep-\\ atcr oil at \\ as n.:c.:ssan that the oil pri.:.:s \\ <:nl up. u>mpdlli\<: pri.:.:s \\ ith 1111ported oil thh paid in national cliiT<!liC\ and g.:neiatmg tohs Wllh the 50's and <•tl's nllu.:s this \\ asn·l \\orth\\ hik."

111 Bran!...

Thc big oil multinatinnals arc su ptmcrful that they impnsc disath :mtagl·nus wn­ tnacts tn the countries producing oil.

. .There \\ill he tmemplo\ m.:nt at I 'etw­ bras /\!though the compam rs not afr;11d pf compdition. \\ith the end of the nHliH>poh 11 \\rll ha\·c to thiuk as u priYatc fmn cutting . lll\'estm<:llt ill tcdmolO!.!\ - and ll:'l'<IICII 1<>1 .. c'ampk. ·

privatization had already decided to forgo his privatizing ideas.

ARROGANT BUT EFFECTIVE -Still without a car industry in place, Brazil in the early 50's was spending $250 million to import oil. An oil field in Bahia being operated by the National Petroleum Council produced only 2% of the country's needs.

Against this backdrop and the notion

/

that foreign firms had had their chances to find oil in the past but didn't look for it in order to maintain Brazil as an underdeveloped nation, President Getulio Vargas, elected by popular vote, created Petrobras. Willing or not, all owners of cars, buses, trucks, boats and planes were required to be shareholders of the company, buying the shares according to the weight of the vehicle.

INTERNATIONAL TOURS LOS ANGELES INC.

Interestingly enough, Var­ gas, considered the father of the bill that created Petrobnis, took a very ambiguous stance

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on the oil monopoly. T h e President tried his best to have

-

US Standard Oil and other American oil firms participating in the prospecting of oil in Brazil at the same time he was deciding to create Petrobnis.

The state oil company would work as a holding company with national and foreign sub­ sidiaries, which would be in charge of exploration, refining, and distribution.

Contrary to popular per­ ception and despite its arro­ gance, Petrobnis is not a place where government godchil­ dren can get an easy job. The company has become an is­ land of excellence inside the Brazilian work market, requir­ ing rigorous admission tests and

continuous

training

courses for those willing t o work there.

After 1968, Petrobnis be-

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came a holding company and

started to compete internation­ ally through Braspetro in a number of sectors, including mining, fertilizers, and shipping. While disputing foreign markets, however, the company turned into an untouchable in the domestic scene, transforming itself into a state within a state. Those who would dare to criticize the firm were called unpatriotic o r worse.

NEWS from BRAZIL

•

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JULY 1995

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pos S oares Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniilo thJ Vegetal Brast1ia, Brazil

READING AND HIDING

AYAHUASCA VIRTUES

Concemmg a report published m Newsfrom Brazil (Tea Party - May 95) stating that the Brazilian government might prohibit the use of ayahuasca, we feel that we should give some clarifica­ tion. First, and most important, this story is not true.

The religious use of ayahuasc!l was supported by two resolutions in 1986 and 1992 of the Conselho Federal de Entorpecentes (CONFEN), the govern­ mental organization responsible for the formulation of drug policy.

The legalization of ayahuasca for religious purposes was approved unani­ mously both times that it was consid­ ered for one fundamental reason: it is not a narcotic, a substance of abuse. It is not addictive, doesn't create instability or cause physical or mental harm when used ritualistically.

What CONFEN examined in two recenf meetings, interpreted incorrectly by the Brazilian press, was a family conflict (as descnbed in your article) involving a religious organization that used ayahuasca, called Cefluris. A mother claimed custody of her daugh­ ter, who wanted to live in the religious community. This was not a matter for CONFEN, and was turned over to Vara de Familia, which handles family mat­ ters. Nothing more.

Our organization, the Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), faithfully observes the ritual use of the tea Hoasca (ayahuasca). The UDV was a vanguard for the initiatives to legalize and regulate its use, making it visible to the .public and constituted authorities.

We have a center for medical studies (Centro de Estudos Medicos), consist­ ing of health professionals within the UDV, who are connected with interna­ tional centers for the research and study of psychoactive pharmaceuticals.

We are certain of the safety and beneficial nature of Hoasca, as admin­ istered by our leaders, or mestres, through the Christian and spiritualist doctrine of the Uniao do Vegetal. To­ day, we have more than five thousand people, organized in over 6 0 nucleos, or centers, all over Brazil, people from every social class, includmg many in prominent positions. All of them recog­ nize the benefits thatHoasca has brought to their lives.

The Uniao do Vegetal disapproves of vices. It stands with the authonties to combat drugs, and upholds human in-

When I decided to subscribe to News from Brazil, I intended to have an easy­ reading magazine that I could show to my friends and keep in the reception of my office, providing useful informat�on about our country and our people, bemg a ve­ hicle of attraction for Americans m gen­ eral. My intention nevertheless got frus­ trated. The subjects approached by the periodic are all but sordid -- corruption, massive slaughter of children, disputes between drug lords, abuses, misery, etc., bringing about a feeling of repulse to­ wards Brazil. Now I read the magazine and hide it afterwards.

I would be very proud if I could have your skillful writers, your attractive price, and xour editorial capabilities serving Brazil in a more civic and decent way.

Disappointed, I conclude that the maga­ zine I am looking for might be another one.

Aldo Dorea Mattos Rancho Cucamonga, California

LIFE CONNECTIONS

Please allow me this opportumty to applaud News from Brazil, as well as its diverse readers. In the June issue, you demonstrated a genuine d¢ication to cul­ tural exchange and worldl unity by pub­ lishing an article (From Brazil with Love) about two wonderful Brazilian teenagers who participated in an American homestay program. Already, we at the Foundation for International Understanding have re­ ceived phone calls from families who have read the article and who fully sup­ port the efforts of our organizatwn to bring Brazilians and Americans closer together through a homestay experience.

We are excited for these families, because they have taken an important step in not only making the dreams of o�r Brazilian youth come true, but also m experiencing the true Brazil without ever having to leave their own homes. Thank

you, News from Brazil, our hosting invitation to your readers; and thank you, dear readers, for your gracious reception! (If there are more families who are interested in hosting, it is not too late! Please call l-8002FAMILIES for more information.)

Christine Buckley San Diego, California TUNING IN FROM RIO

It's hard to realize that I have been an American expatriate now for 2 years.

On a recent trip back to 'the States,' I came across your publication in the Bra­ zilian district (46th Street) in New York.

Unfortunately, I didn't have time to read it until my return to Rio and I must commend you on its contents.

I have not mastered Portuguese and it was a pleasure to read about things in my own backyard from your exc_ell�nt ·writers. So please enter my subscnphon and rush the current issue. By the way, is your publication available at the news­ stands or other locations in Rio? You might be interested in notifying your readers about the existence of the American Society of Rio de Janeiro, now in it 78th year. It will be a pleasure to put you in touch with the Society's President for further details; and if you or your staff is in Rio on July 1st, you can see our celebration of the July 4th holiday complete with the Marine Corps, Jersey com, hot dogs, and all the rest at an outdoor gathering.

Milton Vola11 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

1J:u:�:J:®t•1�1i!M

Gostaria oe lembrar que no dia 17 de Julho, faz exatamente urn ano que o nosso querido Brasil ganhou a Copa.

Nao podemos deixar de c omemorar esta data, e devemos festeja-la com festa e alegria. . .

Que tal fazermos como os amen­ canos e colocarmos a nossa bandeira, em nossos carros ou nas portas de casa?

Assim mostraremos que temos orgulho de ser brasileiros e sabemos reconhecer as boas coisas que nos acontecem.

Marle11e C.F. Van Nuys, Califorllia

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A Tale Two Citie

)�

'!IJ'.&:t

or generations, Rio and have cultivated a sibling ri times lively, at times subdue Paulistanos (from Sao Paul Cariocas (from Rio) keep poki each other, their mayors hav th :.spotlight with pharaonic presidential dreams. ...

�

REINALDO D'AMICO

The mayors of Brazil's two largest cities, Rio and Sao

There are at least 13 projects either being considered or

Paulo, seem to be vying for the title of who can spend the

in the early stages of implementation, each with its own

most money in the shortest amount of time. Cesar Maia, the

hefty price tag. $160 million, for example, is being bud­

current mayor of Rio, has launched yet another plan to

geted for construction of the Linha Amarela (Yellow Line)

address some of the issues facing Rio. This, the second plan

a proposed road some 23.7 kilometers long that will link

of his administration in as many years, comes after the

the beach area known as Barra da Tijuca at the southern end

failure of the first plan or plano nitmero

of town with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro on

urn.

The eccentric mayor of Rio, who, for example, greeted

Ilha do Fundao (Fundao Island). Another $75 million is

a dinosaur skeleton on a trip to the national museum and

earmarked for extending the subway to Copacabana beach

ordered an ice cream in a meatmarket, has recently earned

and completing a subway station at Tijuca.

himself a not very pleasant title, partly as a result of the

These projects do have their supporters, although mayor

failure of his first plan. A poll conducted by Datafolha in

Maia's opponents seem to outnumber them immensely.

11 of the largest Brazilian cities concluded that Maia is the

Says Jorge Bittar of the oppositon party PT, "He's trying to

most unpopular mayor in the nation.

be the Carlos Lacerda of the 90's (in reference to the

A full 55% of those polled said that they felt Maia was

mercurial and controversial former governor of the state of

doing either a bad or very bad job.The insatisfaction

Guanabara during the 1960s)... the difference is that Lacerda

reached such levels that on a recent trip around town his car

was an excellent administrator and a very charismatic

was encircled by a mob of angry citizens shouting "incom­

politician whereas Maia is an absolute authoritarian."

petent" and even some obscenities.

Even though he is the most unpopular mayor in Brazil,

The mayor is launching the second phase of his govern­

Mais is the richest, and he says he is the most important

ment with something any administrator would love to

politician in Rio. "If elections were held today I would be

have: lots of money. Thus far, $1.5 billion (that's right,

unstoppable," he claims. This in spite of his record of not

billion) is available in the city coffers for this plan and it

living up to his promises. He promised, for example, to

seems likely that most of it will be spent.

raise health and educational workers' salaries by 22% this

16

NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

year, but they were still

Maluf can also take

waiting at last word.

credit for improving Sao

Rio's mayor, how­

Paulp's financial situation.

ever, can lay claim to an

The previous administra­

important victory: trans­

tion left the city with a

forming the big annual

surplus of $ 2 billion.

Carnaval bash from a

Maluf has been able to in­

money loser into a profit­

crease that to $3 billion

able party. This year's

during his tenure. Says

Carnaval

attracted

Maluf of his job, "A mayor

500,000 tourists (120,000

has 200 small problems to

more than had been pre­

resolve each day, but it's

dicted) and turned a profit

worth it." Today the city

of $2 million versus a loss

has about 300 different

of $1.5million last sea­

projects under construc­

son, no small feat even

tion, which generates

for a

mayor

of

Rio. '

Hizzoner seems very con­

rectly.

Yet, when the man who

t

lenges any politician from

· ·� _

Rio to debate new ideas While all this is going

another 100,000 indi­

I I

fident in himself these days though, and chal­

for the city.

40,000 jobs directly and

'

on in Rio, Sao Paulo's to be engaged in his own battles with his opposi­ tion from the left. His lat­ est project is Singapore, a

thing in mind, the nation's

0 imperio , . \ da loucura�' !!'lf.;:>.t nt'A"J

\

mayor Paulo Maluf seems

J

. seems to have only one presideny,is asked if he's considering running for the highest office in the

·

A.. hw

x..ll.-..... �.R't., ,,..._,.._,.__....... u •--...·: I -·11\.ll . k•"* o Rlv" I�., .. •=- •U.n...•a ..r... ..... fA�U. ... ,..�..,..fn ·�·... (·�..

\ e�

-

nation, he is evasive, "To discuss my candidacy now

11

'"'ould be unpatriotic. But

I

I have been a governor,

I

I'm now a mayor, and I do have rights".

plan to replace 200 of the

•

city's largestfavelas (slums) with modern apartment build­ ings. With $300 million to bankroll the project, it seems likely the plan might see the light of day.

But like Rio's mayor Maia, Maluf has a respectable number of detractors. According to FranciscoWhitaker of the opposition party PT, "Its all a lie, he (Maluf) saw his image with the voters deteriorating especially concerning social issues and he's simply trying to give himself a facelit."

Lair Alberto Krahenbuhl, the city's Housing Secretary admits that the Singapore plan would only resolve about 30% of the city's housing problem but he says that "we can't be the savior of all our country's problems". With about 1.9 million people living in some 1,500 favelas it would seem almost impossible to completely resolve the problem without some sort of outside help.

Maluf can easily find supporters among the city's ex­ favelados. They are people like Davi Pinheiro, a 33-year­ old busdriver, who until recently lived in the Interlagos favela with his wife and children. Says Pinheiro, "When I was living in the favela I thought Maluf would never be able to construct this apartment building, now I see that Maluf didnt lie. I'llvote for him the rest of my life. " At a construction cost of $9,000 per unit the city recently placed into service about 80 apartments each about 126 square feet in size what is very small when compared to the typical apartment found almost anywhere here in the US. The tenants will be paying about $60 each month in rent for the next 20 years. As a result of the completion of the first of these planned projects, the

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Interlagos favela is now smaller.

NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

17

Brave new wards Lexicographers want to rein in the Portuguese, but those who make the language alive know much better.

Thanks to them we can salvar, deletar and kibordear aboard our computers.

WILSON YELLOSO Each language has its own little quirks called "idiomatic idiosyncrasies" by linguists. English, for example. It has a fairly simple grammar, adjectives shorn of gender or number, rather simple conjuga­ tions. And any word may be used into a verb: "to Xerox," "to eye,'' "to sandwich." But its spelling is devilish. It's the only language I know that has "spell­ ing bees" and champion spellers.

Portuguese is not as flexible. To make verbs out nouns, it must usually add izar, like in Balkanize.

Instead, Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) nations delight in changing spelling rules ever so often, search­ ing for a "phonetic orthography" that might be as good as Spanish.

Unfortunately, in living languages what seemed only natural yesterday, today is rejected. But rejects are often reinstated. About 50 years ago, Lusophone eggheads decided in a conference that the k, the w, and the y should be abandoned, exiled, abolished. As it frequently happens with these edicts from high above, many people just ignored the new regulations and continued using the three proscribed letters.

Guilherme de Almeida, a well-known Sao Paulo poet, took pity on the outcasts, sheltered them and concocted a little word, kwy, pronounced quivi. Poor Almeida, his creation didn't take. It quickly waned, paled, virou sorvete (melted away as ice-cream). And its meaning - extragood, wonderful, super - got lost. As far as I know, it didn't even make it to the dictionary.

But wait! Recently, the k, the w, and they were solemnly brought back from the cold, resurrected by Portugal's and Brazil's academicians. Almeida must ·be shouting for joy wherever· n heaven he maybe The other five or six Lusophone countries didn't bother yet to ratify the agreement. They probably figure that in their real world many other things have higher priority in a scale of 1 to one million. So a few malcontents even started a whispering campaign that the whole thing had been done for the benefit of publishers of schoolbooks.

The new agreement includes several other changes, some quite inane, like the hyphen rule: "when ele­ ments of a compound term exist separately in the language, there is no hyphenation." Thus, mesa redonda can be both a roundtable and a round table

(i.e., a meeting on an article of furniture). .

An old theory, that spelling should help people learn how to pronounce a word, took a step backward. The trema, sign of dieresis, two dots over a vowel, that the Germans call Umlaut, was uncerimoniously cast in the garbage heap. Henceforth, we won't ever know whether the u is pronounced or not in words like guento (as in "ntio giiento esta dor"], guincho, quilo, quente, etc. In another few years, the trema may be exhumed and given a new lease of life.

Unlike the imperialistic English language, that amassed a fantabulous vocabulary of some 750,000 words by simply picking up all over the world the terms it deemed needed, Portuguese is incredibly modest, in spite of being numerically wealthier than both Spanish and Italian. Well, Brazilians are on the way of doing something about that.

Once upon a time, French was the source of many Brazilian terms such as coquil/es St. Jacques for the common scallops that in Portugal are called ameixoas.

In addition to chique (for chic), Metro (for Metro subway), baton (lipstick, which in French is actually called rouge a levres) Now it is the turn of English.

Some words are pronounced and spelled in ways that some American natives have trouble identifying them.

Take quitinete for kitchenette; cilibim for sealed beam (car light), manarrata (for a Manhattan cocktail), epi aur (for Happy Hour) at the bar, suite, pronounced soo­ eet (for master bedroom, a bedroom with a bathroom attached), bonde (an electric streetcar).

Many English words are used in their original spell­ ing with a fanciful pronunciation, often with a different meaning. Such is the case of overnight, a kind of bank savings account in which interest is computed daily and added to the principal. Basically, it is our old friend the"on call" account. During the many years inflation was queen in Brazil, having money in the overnight meant watching your money double in an amazingly short period of time; because of inflation, it was the only way to save in a currency that was like ice, melting in your pocket before you got horne.

To even things a bit, let's point out that among the thousands of words English appropriated from other languages there is a fair sample of Portuguese. Such is the case with commando, ayah (an archaic term that hails all the way from Rome as aius and aia, domestic servants, and got into Portuguese untouched), marmelade (from Portuguese marmelada, a sweet paste made with marmelos, or quince),favela (name of a hill in Rio, once a slum area, now graduated to a lower middle class community), Porto wine (from a Portu­ guese city), and so on.

Truth is that Brazilians and Portuguese may change their spelling as often as they wish, but the people who make the language don't pay too much attention. That's why among computer buffs the wordcaracteres has two singular forms: carater meaning character, moral strength; and caractere meaning a letter, a sign, or any symbol used in typesetting. The cyberaddicted crowd is already responsible for merjar (to merge), salvar (to save),deletar (to delete), indentar (to indent),kibordear (to keyboard) which competes with tee/ear and digitar; while escanear is to scan, xerocar is to make photo­ copies, faxear is to fax. And much more, ad infinitum.

And ad nauseam.

NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

Is depression next?

Brazil's biggest distributor of home appli足 ances, Casa Centro, has just filed Chapter 11 in the bankruptcy courts. The surprising move was seen by many as just the beginning of a nationwide collapse of the Brazilian financial system. Everybody seems to be complaining that interest rates are just too high. In one year, the number of deadbeat consumers increased almost 300 percent.

CARLOS EMMANUEL DA FONSECA BARRETO Private and state-owned banks ih Brazil that lend money to individuals or companies may charge a minimum interest rate of 60% a year. This is insane considering a variation between 3.5 and 10.5% that exists in all developed nations. This high interest rate policy, coordinated by Brazil's Central Bank, affects the entire production chain and is leading the economy into a recession.

A company that receives, for example, a $800,000 loan will have to pay back 27.7% more after a three month period, or a total of $1,021 million. It is just inconceivable in Brazil, or anywhere else for that matter, to collect a 27.7% return on an investment during a three month period.

In 1983, BenBernanske ofPrinceton University suggested that a large part of the decline in output during the 1929 Great Depression was the result of a breakdown of the financial system and the collapse in the quantity of credit available. Does that suggest that a collapse in Brazil's financial system is under way and that the country is heading towards a Great Depression ?

Let's follow the production chain. Starting at the bottom of the ladder, high interest rates absurdly increase the monthly install足 ment-payments on credit contracted by consumers while at the same time consumers' salaries remain unchanged. This will lead to increased numbers of people not paying their bills. The fact that, inBrazil, the majority of the major stores have their own consumer credit systems does not help the situation.

Going up the ladder, businesses whose clients cannot pay will not be able to make their own payments to their suppliers. There足 fore the industry will not be able to pay for the raw materials used in the making of its products. The last link in the production chain, the suppliers of these raw materials, do not receive payment and cannot transfer the debt to anyone else.

The outcome of this chaos is that the suppliers will no longer sell to clients that cannot pay and moreover, they will try to recover some of their losses by increasing their prices. Banks, to safeguard their own stability don't lend money anymore. There is NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

19

no more investment, prices go higher, consumers buy much less, low sales lead to cuts in industry expenses, unemployment rises, and some businesses unable to handle the pressure go into bankruptcy. It is a chain reaction. We have an example close to home. The US recession, which started in July 1990, made the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) go down instead of up, and the increasing inflation was an important indicator of a need for monetary policy change. The Federal Reserve moved deci­

just to support this measure. This is double the amount that the Union plans to collect from the sale of nine state-owned enterprises. Based on a 4% a month interest with the current debt of $75.3 billion, the government will have to spend about $100 million a day in interest payments.

The latest victim of the high interest rate policy was Persia Arida, president of Brazil's Central Bank.

months later the economy started its slow recovery.

The recent news that Casa Centro, Brazil's biggest distribu­ tor of home appliances, filed Chapter 11 in the bankruptcy courts was seen as an omen of an imminent collapse in Brazil's financial system. Casa Centro was a victim of high interest rates. Only in Sao Paulo, the number of consumers not paying their bills increased 266% in April compared to April 1994.

Horacia Lafer Piva, Director ofFIESP (Sao Paulo State Industry Association) said that, "The reduction in bank loans which feed the production creates a situ­ ation in which not only the

Plan which, implemented in July 1994, managed to bring inflation down from 50% a month to the current 3%. Some analysts attributed his resignation to the "negative reaction of the country's industrial sector to the Central Bank's credit restriction measures."

Is that a message to the current high interest rate policy instituted by the government? It definitely shows how influential an industrial sector can be in a

sively, cutting the discount rate (interest rate charged to banks borrowing from the Central Bank) from 4.5 to 3.5%. A few

consumer stops buying, but the industry halts produc­ tion."

Looking from a different perspective, Economics No­ bel Prize winner Milton Friedman from the Univer­ sity of Chicago theorized that to reduce the inflation rate it is necessary to reduce the level of output. This will gen­ erate a recession, forcing wages down through unem­ ployment, and therefore achieve a lower inflation rate.

According to Friedman, in­ flation adjustment is part of a wage increase. Ex-Econom­

ics and ex-Planning Secre­ tary Mario Henrique Simon­ sen says that if the govern­

ment lowers interest rates as the entrepreneurs wish, the result will be an even higher inflation rate.

Simonsen supportsFried­ man's idea and adds that for

the government to decrease interest rates, it must increase taxes or cut expenditures, a change from monetary policy

to fiscal policy. The hike in wage rates will create an un­ tenable situation in the coun­ try' s inflation. The annual interest rate in Brazil can fluctuate from 60 to 138% . It depends on the client's credit

history. It is not only the pri­ vate sector, however, that suf­ fers from this monetary policy. The government has to pay around $ 3 billion a month on its internal debt 20

Arida's resignation in May came as a big surprise.

After all, he had been the chief architect of the Real

capitalist world.

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� NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

The oldest and systems to p rainforests. Home number of species (typically, more mile), Brazil's houses the by the n.u•a.t.•"'· is a real despite all the and forest burning, fly for hours over noticing even a riant green Protecting of vital concern heciAnse.<lih� often seems like a fleeting paradise coi'fSuiiifllY tl:rreate:ned �J<·•ias1H'lft'8: by the logging ranching, and ce11sele!lsJ�e:s. zon seems far rf"nnn,/el1 day lives in are connections cally, politically logically to the forest and its Two of the tropical forest defonfsta ion bal weather changes wllich rnatically alter human li.fe on unless we fi ght tosether to the loss of indtgc;A Rainforest indigenous off the land for ger:t�ra1ti6]ns.'

One of the US helping Rainforest Ac which works "a •ctvi.>a.�-•r��!.J&IP�c:niationally with human rights RAN began a Brazil which grew _ '!!""'*•��r. ness of the key role -�.-···.:•r:-J . effort to save uv-r'"•atillilll'" Brazil is home lfuii:app WJfftrta one-third of the world's ratnforests provides models for other rainforest communities. RAN shaped the Brazil Program in direct consultation with key players in the Brazilian social and en­ vironmental movement supporting their work rather than duplicating their ef­ forts.

The Protect-an-Acre Program, for example, which was created in 1991, is a small grants project for forest peoples, providing funding for programs that maintain the ecological balance of the forest and strengthen the rights of its inhabitants. It provides funding to help forest people secure communal land title, guarantee land rights by marking boundaries, and implement projects that maintain the ecological balance of the forest.

Protect-an-Acre is an alternative to "buy-an-acre" programs, which attempt to achieve permanent protection by buying tracts of rainforest land, but do not address the needs of forest commu­ nities. Most "buy-an-acre" programs i�ore the fact that there are people hving in the forest. Few areas of the Amazon have no communities of in-

a�� li ��������������

ri'ltltnt.oTf!st......;r.a ..

for zoning and of medicinal and forest Valley in the Atlan­ Mulheres Traba­ co do Papagaio

construction of a w-<�!:!-'." 'J.jif""'·':'""\"1 - Tocantins. quisa lndigena, for Krenak Indian terri-

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NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

lalliM''........... , in Altema­ for agro­ of environmental social developrainforest.

��'ti"-K."n r a�io

Agricola

for a seed produc­ .,.,..,..,.,,.., and reforrainforest.

Protect-an-Acre has proven to be an effective tool for assisting grassroots communities in defending their lands in the rainforest. The grants program re­ sponds to expressed needs of forest com­ munities and provides a way for North Americans to directly aid initiatives of forest people in defense of the rainforest.

By empowering people whose way of life is directly dependent upon defend­ ing the forest in which they live we support a mechanism by which indig­ enous people can gain recognition of their land rights and the continuation of their traditional ways of life.

For as little as $25.00 individuals can support indisenous people's way of life in Brazil's ramforest through RAN's Protect-an-Acre Program. For more in­ formation contact: Rainforest Action Network, 450 Sansome Street, Suite 700, San Francisco, CA 94111, Phone (415) 398-4404, ·FAX (415) 398-2732. On­ line info: ran-info@igc.apc.org. URL World Wide Web page: http://www .ran.org/ran/ Sheryl Barbie is an Information Intern in the Media Department at RAN. 21

Web song

f

Brazil has become the leader in computer music in Latin America and a regional center for disseminating new techniques and musical compositions. Recently a new work by a composer at the Campinas University was transferred over Internet from Brazil to San Diego and performed on a concert there in April.

BOB WILLEY For the last five years the University of Cali­ fornia, San Diego (UCSD) campus has been in­ volved with a computer music exchange program between its Center for Research in Computing and the Arts (CRCA), the Center for Computer Re­ search in Music and Acoustics (Stanford Univer­ sity), and the Laboratorio de Investigaci6n y Produccion Musical (Buenos Aires, Argentina), funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. This grant has allowed for the exchange of composers and researchers among the three centers, and a series of concerts, seminars, and double compact disc have documented some of the results.

CRCA!UCSD research associate Robert Willey has assisted the exchange during this time and worked to extend the program to include Brazil, whose music, language, and people, he adores.

Willey has made several trips to give lectures and concerts at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sui (UFRGS), at Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), and Sao Paulo's Pontificia Universidade Cat6lica (PUC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), and the Festival de Inverno (Winter Festival) in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state.

Wiley is a founding member of the Brazilian Computer Music Society and has served on the music committees for the first two conferences in conjunction with the Brazilian Computer Society.

Information has been posted at UCSD on the World Wide Web, a user-friendly system for ac­ cessing information on the Internet. If you have a browser for this system you can point it towards the locator address: http://crca-www.ucsd.edu/ bobw/brazil.html During the past few years significant progress has been made in arts technology in Brazil. Uni­ versities have been sending professors abroad to the U.S. and Europe to get doctoral degrees. The teachers, in return, have to teach at a Brazilian 22

[

NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995

school after they finish their for­ eign studies. As part of their cur­ riculum many of these teachers become involved in music technol­ ogy and have tried to incorporate it in their universities when they go back to Brazil. They are anxious to create an environment in which talented researchers and compos­ ers will find places in which to work, so that they do not have to leave the country to find opportu­ nities.

One of the pur­ poses of the first syposium on com­ puter music in Bra­ zil, held in August 1994 in Caxambu, Minas Gerais, was to demonstrate that there is an active scene underway, and to encourage artists and univer­ sity administrators of its value. It at­ tracted significant international atten­ tion and involve­ ment, presenting 38 papers and 40 compositions se­ lected from sub­ missions from all over the world. It brought visitors from the LIPM stu­ dio in neighboring Buenos Aires, pro­ viding opportuni­ ties to foster cul­ tural connections between countries whose military regimes prevented such contact in the past.

Another reason for the blossom­ ing of arts technology in Brazil is the increasing affordability of com­ puter technology, and the electronic dissemination of information this makes possible. Computer net­ works facillitate rapid distribution of ideas, techniques, and art cre­ ation. Brazil is a huge country, and it has been common for specialists working in one city to feel isolated from their peers working in an­ other. Now they can be in close contact with their counterparts in other cities and abroad.

The change in political leader­ ship during the past few years has made foreign technology more available, and increased the access to computer networks. The rapid drop in cost has made it more af­ fordable, for individuals as well as institutions. Computers are one of the few things of value that are decreasing in cost, so rapidly that in the near future they will be prac­ NEws from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

tically free for anyone wishing to use them.

The implications for this on society will be enormous, and Brazilian institutions do not want to fall behind.

During the past 10 years Brazil has emerged as the leader in computer music in Latin America, and the meetings organized

by NUCOM have made it a regional center for disseminating new techniques and musi­ cal compositions. The university music de­ partments in Brazil are better supported than those in Argentina, and the computer net­ works that have been put in place there have

given researchers immediate access to up­ to-date information on all aspects of com­ puter science and arts technology, some­ thing that was hard to get in printed form in the past.

The world is being re-wired with net­ work, phone, and satellite connections. Art­ ists take advantage of new opportunities in a variety of ways, depending on the type of link. An electronic archive has begun at CRCA of compositions for computer-con­ trolled piano, in this case a Disklavier by Yamaha. A new work of a composer at the Campinas University was transferred over the network from Brazil to San Diego and performed on a concert there in April. The piece, entitled Pendulos by Jonatas Manzolli, is now part of the archive and is also avail­ able through the World Wide Web (http:// crca-www.ucsd.edu/bobw/disklavier.html).

This allows interested persons from around the world to transfer the piece to their own computer in a matter of seconds, after which the piece can be played on their own synthe­ sizer or Disklavier.

NUCOM has an online forum underway in which members write to each other using electronic mail regarding computer music in

Brazil. These discussions, and oth­ ers in lists concerning related top­ ics, bring instant world wide inter­ action, giving participants access to some of the top people in the field. The music department of the Universidade Federal Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte is moving into new facilities in the corning year providing network connections and updated computer music facilities, making it the best-equipped center in the country.

T h e second syposium on computer music in Brazil will be held from July 30 to August 2 dur­ ing the annual congress of the Brazilian Com­ puter Society.

The meeting will be held in Canela, in the mountains of the southern state of Rio Gran­ de do Sui. In­ vited speakers f r om Stanford University/USA, UCSD, the Com­ puter Music Jour­ nal, ZKM/Ger­ many, and York/ UK will j oin with their colleagues from around Bra­ zil representing u niversities i n Belo Horizonte, Salvador, B ra­ silia, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Campinas, and other cities. A compact disk of some of the works played at the symposium will be distributed as part of the congress' proceedings. The orga­ nizers have posted information on the Web at: http://tucano.inf.ufrgs.br/sbc/ simp_musica.html For more information, contact: Bob Willey - Center for Research in Computing and the Arts University of California, San Diego - 0037 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0037 Tel: (619) 534-4383 E-mail: bobw @ucsd.edu Bob Wiley earned his PhD in composition in the University of California, San Diego (USCD) music department and is a research associate for the CRCA (Center for Research in Computing and the Arts).

23

How does a youngmanfrom a small city in Brazil wind up with a featured role in a play at one of the most prestigious the­ aters in America? Ain6bio S. Dos Santos (also known as lkka) has taken a long winding journey from his nahve Brazil to Hollywood, California, where he recently performed to sold-out houses at the Mark Taper Forum's Taper Too The­ ater which staged the original productions of Children of a Lesser God and Angels in America among many other plays.

Arn6bio is aMineiro (from the Minas Gerais state)- born in Nanuque, a little rural town which today has less than 50,000 residents. When he was little, one of his great joys was acting in the Christian plays at school. At the age of 5, he and his family (he is one of 11 children) moved to the city of Maraba m the state of Para. He remembers a wonderful child­ hood close to nature.

There he developed a strong connection with ammals which continues to this day. I n Maraba, Arn6bio was also al­ ways dreaming about an actor's life, but in iliat small city of little more than 100,000 in­ habitants there were no oppor­ tunities for theater.

At the age of 12) his family moved again, th1s time to Goiania, tlie capital of the state of Goias. That s where he be­ gan dance classes, which led to creating choreography. He started to stage beauty contests for the states too. This led to doing the choreography for Miss Brazil.

During his Goiania days, he also staged and organized many fashion and entertain­ ment events in Goias and the state ofRondonia. Arn6bio reg­ istered with the Brazil Artists and Actor's Union under the direction of the President of the Union, Mr. Firrnineto of Rondonia.

At this time, he took the professional stage name of lkka. Ikka? lt had to do with Sonho de Jcaro (Icarus's Dream) an adaptation for the stage that he and his friends maae of the legend of the Greek mythological nero who fell in the ocean after having flown too close to the sun. He played the mythological hero and his colleagues started to call him lea. He just gave it a hand substituting the c by two ks.

Arn6bio had a chance to work with many talented Brazilian actors and singers such as Luiza Brunet1 Paulo Gorgulho, Elke Marav1lha, IsadoraRibeiro. He has a special place in his book of gratitude for Zeze Motta, a 24

movie actress he calls "enchant­ ing" and who was a great inspira­ tion for him.

As if his success in the theater wasn't enough, Ikka also wrote a popular soc1al column for the news.12aper 0 Estadiio do Norte in Rondorna. The column was called

Famoso Colunista Valdeci Tergon

(Famous Columnist V a ldeci Tergon).

Arn6bio, who is now 29 years old, is an adventurer and a gypsy.

In 1992 and 1993 the artist hved in Bolivia where he staged artis­ tic events and worked as a teacher in orphanages. Then, he went to Spain where he studied theatrical hair and make-up design.

Arn6bio came to the United States in 1994. His first job was to create and construct the sets for industrial shows in Las Ve­ gas. From there he moved to San Francisco where he got a job as a hair stylist working with well known stylist Maria Echegoyen at "Le Chic" salon. And that's what he's been doing for a living between dances and plays that still are not as abundant as he would wish them to be.

In San Francisco, Arn6bio had the good fortune to meet director Ricnard Seyd and playwright Yehuda Hyman. Richard Seyd is the Assoc1ate Artistic Director of The American Conservatory The­ ater in San Francisco.

He recently directed an ac­ claimed production of Othello.

Seyd and Hyman were looking for an actor who could communi­ cate through sign language and dance. Arn6bio fit the bill as he was a sign language interpreter for his cliurch back in Brazil.

The director a n d writer brought Arn6bio down to Los An­ geles to play the role of the Mys­ terious Stranger in The Mad Danc­ ers. The Maa Dancers, subtitled

A Mystical Comedy with Ecstatic Dance, tells the story of Elliott

Green, a fictional IBM secretary who takes a coffee break and meets seven Jewish mystics on the streets of San Francisco.

In the second act, he journeys to a land not unlike Spam before 1492, when the Jews were ex­ pelled from the country by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.

Arn6bio's role entirely performed in sign language is compose4 of poetry from tile great Spamsh­ Jewish poets of the middle ages.

The actor-dancer is thrillea to have this childhood dream real­ ized. Plans are being made to present The Mad Dancers for an extended tour through several US cities. "Who knows," says Am6bio, "perhaps we'll bring the show to Goiania1 I'll play Elliott, the IBM secretary!"Th1s might be a dream right now, but for some­ one like Arn6bio, it seems that dreams are just made to become alive!

NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

Brazilian

I Wmtltllltll'l! Lm•etlllim if I 1/mllwt Killetl 1/im hy Edgard Telles Ribeiro, a

EDGARD 1'1Lt.•l 81 Wvatt Book forSt. Martin's Press, trans­ lated by Margaret A. Ne,·es, S18.'J5

puzzle Many of the answers to the life, adventure and passion of Guilhermina are in an old hat box left by the heroine. Edgard Telles Ribeiro joins the pieces in this most rewarding mystery novel.

HARRIET ROBBINS With challenging opening words, Edgard Telles The surges of passion ring true in this Ribeiro's] Would Have Loved Him ifI Had not Killed absorbing novel. In a Rorshach effect the Him transports us to Brazil's capital, Brasilia, and to characters emerge. Andrea the mysterious adventures of starts off with her version as Guilhermina, the widow of the she heard it from her aunt.

Honorable Carlos Augusto Maia Excerpt: She and Fernando piece the Macedo, to whom she was given story together from the con­ in marriage in 1926 at the age of The invitation to the opening of the antique shop, tents of an old hat box filled 14, in a family arrangement diffi­ t'lHgotten in the mailho:x, \\as addressed to the previous with mementoes of the de­ cult to digest even in those days. tenant. It \\·as two months old and read: --TilE NIGHT ceased Guilhermina, who Adding to the strangeness of the STAND WHERE TilE PAST liAS A FUTURE. Still from the past tells her own union was the fact that the Honor­ searching for fumiture and fumishings that feed your story. able Maia Macedo was 66 years fantasies? If Art Nouveau, Art Deco or pre-60's para­ Fernando completes the old when he met her at the altar in phemalia is your thing, come visit.·· cycle as he too gets involved a ceremony resembling a first Curious, I decided to check the place, and the and follows the path of communion more than a weddin�. foliO\\ing Saturday I dro\'e to that part of town. Most of Guilhermina when she em­ The story of Guilhermina IS the buildings in the neighborhood were still under barks on her journey of dis­ related to Fernando by Andrea, construction. E:xcept for a bakery and a Korean food covery at the age of 21, wid­ her great niece, who was the store, there weren't many signs of life. The address Jed owed by the death of her eld­ granddaughter of Guilhermina's me to a gallery of boutiques, most of \\·hich seemed erly husband after seven years brother, a brother who was an empt�·. The night stand was at the hack, shining like a of marriage. important though an elusive char­ diamond in the darkness, a darkness which made me Through this voyage of acter in her life. trip over a brick and nearly fall. I was saved hy a woman discovery we track the emo­ Fate brings strange bedfellows "ho appeared out of nowhere. Bct\\·een her breasts, a tional fabric of love and ha­ together. In this instance, the mar­ li.:\\· inches from mv eYes. I saw a little blue crab. The tred entwined in this percep­ riage of a naive sheltered young tive beautifully written noveL crab transported nic to �nother time. I drew back a girl of 14 wedded to a man of the It is a rare treat to have world who dreams of erotic ad­ little. looked into the tanned face- and there she \\as, available an English transla­ ventures. When the groom pro­ Andrea. As we hugged, I thought with a twinge of tion of the well-known and ceeds to prove such dreams on his melancholy that ten swift years had passed since our revered Brazilian writer wedding night it brings a cata­ time together in Los Angeles. We \\e · re veterans of Edgar Telles Ribeiro, who in clysmic effect on Guilhermina's Venice beach in the time Califomia had just heard this novel not only brings psyche which had far reaching about Woodstock and was yet to digest Watergate and Brazil and Brazilians to life results. "For seven long years the end of the Vietnam \\·ar. but covers the American and Guilhermina spun her web and But what was Andrea doing here, so far away from European scene as well. allowed herself to be raped again the sea, in the back of a semideserted gallery of shops Read/ Would Have Loved to recur,erate every ounce of her in the Brazilian capital? She\\ho had starred in my first Him if I Had Not Killed Him hatred.' medium-length film (the still unkno \\"11 Murder in the for a journey into the heart From this web of intrigue we Springtime) and was later to have a successful career as and the soul of the mysteries become absorbed in the story of a fashion model? I should investigate. of the mind.

Guilhermina, her innocence vio­ There are highways and lated, her revenge articulated, her byways to explore m this erotic adventures stimulated. The most rewarding novel from Brazil. book is a joy ride of the senses written to a Brazilian • beat.

Bon voyage!

NEWS from BRAZIL

•

JULY 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

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Esbo�o de uma nova teoria da alma

Draft of a new theory of the Human

humana

Soul

Quatro ou cinco cavalheiros debatiam, uma noite, varias questoes de alta transcendencia, sem que a disparidade dos votos trouxesse a menor alteraylio aos espiritos. A casa ficava no morro de Santa Teresa, a sala era pequena, alumiada a velas, cuja luz fundia-se misteriosamente com o luar que vinha de fora. Entre a cidade, comas suas agitayoes e aventuras, e o ceu, em que as estrelas pestanejavam, atraves de uma atmosfera lim_pida e sossegada, estavam os nossos quatro ou cinco investtgadores de coisas metafisicas, resolvendo amigavelmente os mais arduos problemas do universo.

Por que quatro ou cinco? Rigorosamente eram quatro os que falavam; mas, alem deles, havia na sala urn quinto personagem, calado, pensando, cochilando, cuja esp6rtula no debate nlio passava de urn ou outro resmungo de aprovayao.

Esse homem tinha a mesma idade dos companheiros, entre quarenta e cinqilenta anos, era provinciano, capitalista, inteli­ gente, nil:o sem instruyilo, e, ao que parece, astuto e caustico.

Nao discutia nunca; e defendia-se da abstenylio com urn paradoxo, dizendo que a discussilo e a forma polida do instinto batalhador, que jaz no homem, como urna heranya bestial; e acrescentava que os serafins e os querubins nao controvertiam nada, e, alias, eram a perfeiylio espiritual e eterna. Como desse esta mesma resposta naquela noite, contestou-lha urn dos presentes, e desafiou-o a demonstrar o que dizia, se era capaz.

Jacobina (assim se chamava ele) refletiu urn instante, e respondeu: - Pensando bern, talvez o senhor tenha razao.

Vai seniio quando, no meio da noite, sucedeu que este casmurro usou da palavra, e nil:o dois ou tres minutos, mas trinta ou quarenta. A conversa, em seus meandros, veio a cair na natureza da alma, ponto que dividiu radicalmente os quatro amigos. Cada cabe9a, cada senten9.a; nilo s6 oo acordo, mas a mesma 'discussil:o tornou-se dific1l, senao impossivel, pela iffiUltiplicidade das questoes que se deduziram do tronco prin­ cipal e urn pouco, talvez, pela inconsistencia dos pareceres.

Urn dos l!fgumentadores pediu ao Jacobina alguma opiniao­ urna conJetura, ao menos.

- Nem conjetura, nem o_piniilo, redargfiiu ele; urna ou olitra poue dar lugar a dissenttmento, e, como sabern, eu nao discuto. Mas, se querem ouvir-me calados, posso contar-Jhes urn caso de m1riha vida, em que ressalta a mais clara demonstral(iiO acerca da materia de que se trata. Em primeiro Iugar, niio h8 urna s6 alma, h8 duas ...

-Duas?

- Nada menos de duas almas. Cada criatura hurnana traz duas almas consigo: uma que olha de dentro para fora, outra que olha de fora para dentro... Espantem-se a vontade, podem ficar de'bOca aberta, oar de ombros, tudo; nil:o admito replica.

Se me replicarem, acabo o charuto e vou dormir. A alma exterior pode ser urn espirito, urn fluido, urn homem, muitos homens, urn objeto, urna operaylio. Ha casos, por exemplo, em sue urn simples ootil:o oe camisa e a alma exterior de uma 'j>essoa;- e assim tambem a polca, o voltarete, urn livro, urna

One night, four or five gentlemen debated over various issues of htgh transcendency; however, the disparity of opin­ ions did not bring about the least alteration of their spirits. The house stood on the hill of Santa Tereza; the room was small, lit by candles whose light mysteriously blended with the moonlight that came in from outside. Between the city -- with its agitation and adventures -- and the sky -- where the stars win!Ced in a limpid and calm atmosphere - were our four or five investigators of metaphysical things, in friendly fashion, re­ solving the most arduous problems of the Universe.

Why four or five? To be exact four spoke, but besides these four, there was a fifth character in the room who was quiet, thoughtful, dozing off, and whose contribution to the debate was nothing but grunts of approval now and then. This man was old as the others, between forty and fifty, I>rovincial, a capitalist, intelligent, not lacking education, ana apparently astute and caustic. He never argued with anyone and he defended his absence from the conversation with a paradox, saying that a discussion was the polite form of the fighting instinct that lies deep in Man, like an inheritance from bestial times, adding that angels and cherubs never disagreed with anything, and in fact were spiritual and eternal perfection.

As he gave this same answer that night, one of the men present contested it and challenged him to demonstrate what he was saying if he could. Jacobina -- that was his name -­ reflected for a moment and answered, "Come to think of it, perhaps you, my good man, are right."

Suddenly, in the middle of the night, it happened that the fellow started to speak, not for one or three, but for thirty or forty minutes. The conversation, in its meanderings, eventu­ ally came to the nature of the soul, an issue that radically set the four friends apart. To each his own; not only agreement among them, but the discussion itself became difficult if not impossible because of the multiplicity of the questions spring­ ing from the main topic, and a bit, perhaps,because of the inconsistency of opinions. One of the debaters asked Jacobina for an opinion -- a conjecture, at least.

"Netther a conjecture nor an opinion," he answered back. ''Either may provoke dissension� and as you know, I do not argue. But 1f you want to listen to me in silence, I can tell you something that happened to me once, which is the clearest demonstration of what you are talking about... First, there is not only one soul, but two...

"Two?" "No fewer than two. Each human creature carries with him two souls: one that looks from inside outside and another that looks from outside inside... Be as amazed as you wish, let your mouths hang open, shrug your shoulders, anything, but I do not admit rebuttal. If you question me, I shall finish my cigar and go to bed. The external soul can be a spirit, a fluid, a man, many men, an object, an operation. There are cases, for example, in which an ordinary shirt button is the external soul of a person; -- the same, as a polka, a card game, a book, a

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m<'HJUilla. 11111 par d.: bolas. uma caYatina. um tamhor, etc.

Lsta ..:law qu.: o of1.:to dcssa s.:gunda alma c transmitir a \lJa. eon10 a prim.:mL as tluas eomplctam o homcm. que c. m.:taf1st.:amcntc fa lando. uma laran)a. (.._)ucm perJc uma tlas mctadcs. pcrdc naturalmcntc mctaJc Ja cxistcncia: e casos ha. n;lo raros. em que a pcrda Ja alma exterior implica a t!a c\istcneia intcira Sh� lo.:k. por C\cmplo. 1\ alma e\terior Jaquclc judcu cram os scus Jucadns: perdc-los y quiYalia a morrcr. "Nun.:a mats \ crct o mcu ouro. .. dtz clc a I uhal: e 11111 punlwltjll<' Ill<' <'III<'TTas 110 cora�·clo. Vejam bcm csta frasc: a perJa t11>s Jucados. alma exterior, eni a mortc para clc.

Agora. c prc.:iso saber que a alma c\lerior n;'io t! semprc a m.:�ma.

-N;!,,·• -N;lo. s.:nhor: muda de natureta e de estado. Nih> aludo a .:ertas almas ahson·entes. .:omo a patria. .:om a qual Jissc o Cam<>es que morria. c o potlcr. que foi a alma exterior de l'(·sar e d.: l'rotll\\ ell S;lo almas cncrgicas e c\clusints: mas ha outras. embora encrgtcas. Jc naturcta mudil\·cl. !lit .:a\ alhciros. por exemplo. euja alma exterior. nos primeiros anos. foi 11111 .:ho.:allw ou 11111 caYalinhn de pau. c mais tank unw pn" .:doria de irmandadc. suponhamos. Pcla minha parte. .:onh.:o;o uma s.:nhora.- na Yerdadc, gentilissima­ que muda J.: alma <.:\tcrwr .:inco. scis \'<.:tcs pnr ann. Durante a .:sl<to;<lo linc:a c a 1'>pcra: .:cssantln a csta�:'io, a alma exterior suhstitui-sc por outra: um c:onccrto, 11111 hailc do Cassino, a Rua do ( >m tdor. l'etropolis...

-l'enl;lo: cssa scnlwra quem l''1 -Lssa scnhora c par�·nta J,, Jiabn. c tem o mcsmo nome: dwma-sc l..:gt<lo. 1·: assim outros mais casos. J:u mcsmo t.:nho expcnm.:ntadn Jcssas troc:as. N:'io as rclato, pnrquc ina Ionge: restnn_1o-mc ao l'pts,.>Jio Jc que lhes falei. l Jm <.:JHsodt<> dos meus ,·intc e cinc:o anos ... ( >s ' uatro .:ompanhciros. ansiosos de ou\·ir o caso promcttll>. esqucceram a controYcrsia. Santa curinsidadc' tu nih> cs s1> a alma da ci\ ilita�<lo. cs tambcm o pomo da .:on..;,>rdia. fruta di,·ina. Jc outro sahor que n;'io aquelc pomo da mllologw. i\ sala. ate hit pou.:o ruidosa de fisica e metat'isi..:a. c agora 11111 mar morto: todos os olhos cst;'io no Ja.:ohina. l lle ..:onserta a ponta do charuto, recolhcndo as menwnas. ·:ts aqui .:onto clc ..:nme�ou a narra�:'io: -linha 'intc e ..:in..:o anos. era pnbre. e a..:abaYa Je scr nnnK·ado alfcrcs da ( iuartla Nac:ional. N:'io imaginam o a..:ontc.:nn.:nto qu�· ish> foi em nossa casa. Minha mile ficou t<lo orgulhosa' t<lo contcntc' Chama,·a-mc o scu alfcrcs. l'nmos e ti<>s. f<>i tudo uma alegria sinccra e pura. Na Yila, tll>k-s.: hem. hull\ c alguns Jespcitados: dwrn c ranger de d.:ntes. ..:onH>na Ls..:ritura: c o motin> n;'in foi nutro scn;'in que " 1wstn tinlw muitos candidatos e que csses pcrderam.

Supnnho tamhcm que uma parte do Jcsgosto foi int.:iramcntc gratutta. nasccu Ja simples Jistin�iio. l.cmhra-mc dl· alguns rapatcs. que se JaYam comigo. e passaram a olhar-me d�· rc\·cs, durante algum tempo. Em ..:ompcnsao;iio. tiYc muitas pcssoas que ficaram satisfcitas com a twmca�iio: c a prma c que totlo o fardamcnto_me foi dado por anug.os . Vat ent;1o uma Jas nunhas ttas, D. Mar..:olina. \ itt\a do L'apit<lo Pc.,:anha, que moraYa a muitas lcg.uas da 'ila. num sttio escuso e solititrio, Jescjou Yer-mc, e pediu que fossc tcr com cla c lcntssc a fartla. Fui, acom­ panhado de 1lllt paJCill. liUe dai a Jias tornou ;\ Yila, porque a lla Marcolina. apcnas me pilhou no sitio, cscreYeu a minha lll<lc d!l<.:nd<l que ll<lO lllC softa\a antes Jc lllll lllCS, pclo menos. 1·: ahrao,:a\ a-me' L'hamaYa-mc tamhem o scu alfcrcs. i\..:ha\ a-me tun rapagiio bonito. Como era um tanto patusca, ..:hegou a confcssar qu.: tinha im·cja Ja mo�a que hom·cssc Jc ser minha mulher. .lur;n a lJUC em toda a prm·incia niio ha,·ia outrn que me puscssc o pc adiantc. E semprc alferes: era alfcrcs para c<'1. alfcrcs para hi, alfcrcs a toda a hora. Eu pcdia-lhe que me chamassc Jo:'iot.inho, como Jantcs: c cia abamn..a a cabc�<l. bradantlo que n:'io, que era o "Scnhor alferes lJm cunhado dela, irmiio do finado Pcyanha, que ali mora\ a. .. n<lo me chama\a de outra manc1ra. l:ra o "Senhor alfcres . niio por grac:ejo. mas a scrio, c a Yista Jos cscra\'os, que naturalmcntc foram pclo mcsmo cmninho. Na mesa tinha cu '' mclhor Iugar. e era o primeiro scn·iJo. Niio imaginam.

Sc Ihcs Jisscr que o entusiasmo da tia Marcolina chcgou ao punto de mantlar pl>r no mcu quarto um grande espelho. obra n..:a c magnifica. que dcstoant do resto Ja casa, cuja mobilia era modesta e simples... Era um cspclho que !he Jcra a madrinha. e que esta hcrJara da miie, que o comprara a uma

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machine. a 1air of boots. a mclod\·, a drum. etc It is cl.:ar that the task of t tis second soul is to trimsmit life. like the first soul: both fulfill Man. \\ ho is. mctapln sicaII\ s >caking, an orange. lie \\ ho loses one of the hahes, naturalI\' oses the half of his existence: and there arc cases -- not so rar' c -- in "hid1 the loss of the external soul implies the loss of the entire existence.

Shylock. for example. The soul of that Je\\ \\ as his ducats. losing them \\ as cqui\'alent tn death. ·1 \\ ill ncYer sec Ill\ gold again.· he said to Tubal. ·Jt ·s a Jagger thrust into Ill\' heart.· Pa\· attention to that line: the loss of the duc:ats. the external soul. \\as death to him. Now. it is necessarY to know that the external " · soul is not the same... .. al\\ a\'s · "No'' "No, sir. It changes in nature and state. I am not talking a!1ou� certain ahsorbtn � souls Iikc the mother country \\ hich Camocs satd he woulll dtc \nth. or the po\\ er that \\ as the external soul of Caesar ami Cronm ell. These arc energetic and unique souls: there are others, like\\ isc full of energy . hut of a mutable nature. There arc gentlemen. for example."hose exter­ nal soul in their first \·car of life was their rattle or \H>oden horse. and later, \\·c nut�· stlPP''se. \\ as their Masonry group. I 111\ self know a lad\· -- in rcalit\' extremelY kind -- \\ ho changes her external sottl fi,·c. six titi1es a year. ·1 )uring the opera season. it is the opera: when the season is oYer. her external soul is replaced by another: a concert. a hall at the Casino. < >m·idor Street. Petr(>pnlis...

"Pardon me. but who is this lady'/" "This lad\ is a relatiYe of the Je,:ir s and has the s:une name Jler name is· Legion... and like this. there arc oth.:r c:tses I nl\'sclf ha\'c experienced these changes. I shall not relate th.:m because it would take me too long. I shaII restrict myself to the episode mentioned to you. i\n episode Juring my t\\ ctlty-fifth \'ear...

The four gentlemen, anxious to hear the promised case, forgot about the controYersy Blessed curiosity! You arc not on!\ the soul of ciYilization. hut also the fruit of hannom·. he:iYcn!Y fruit. of another taste hut nn different from the fruit i>f m\'thohig,·. The room, moments before noisy with pfn·sics and metaphysics, is now a dead sea. all c� es arc: on Jacobma. \\ ho reshapes the tip of his cigar recollecting his memories. I !ere is how started his story ...

"I \\US 25 years old, I \\ as poor, and had just been promoted to the rank of second lieutenant in the National Guard. You can't imagine what a stir this caused in my family My mother was so proud' So IHtj1pY! She called me her lieutenant. Cousins. uncles and aunts -- 1t ,\·as all sincere and pure happiness. In the Yillage, note, there \\·ere a few resentful people: "ccping and gnashing their teeth as in the Scriptures� and the reason \\ as only that there were many candidates ft>r the post and these had losi. I also suppose thitt part of their disappointment was cntirch· gratuitous: born of the mere distinction. I recall some young-men, acquaintances of mine, \Yho looked a.,kancc at me for a time. On the other hand, man\' people \\ ere happY about my promotion, and the proof of this is that my l'lltirc tm!Jtan uniform \\ as gi,·cn to me by my friends... It happened then that one of my aunts, I )ona Marcolina, the \\ iJow of Captain l'e.,:anha. \\ ho li, ·ctl many leagues from the ,·illagc in a secluded and solitary little country place, wanted to sec me and asked me to come oYer and bring Ill\ uniform. So I went, accompanied by a sfa,·e, who returned to tlte Yillage a few days later because Aunt Marcolina, as Slllln as she got me settled in the house, wrote to my mother sa�·ing. that she wouldn't let me lca\'c for at least a month. And how she hugged me' She also called me her lieutenant. She found me handsome. And as she \Yas a hit of a jester herself. she confessed to me that she was jealous of the � oung lady who one Jay would be my wife. She s\\·orc that in the \\ hole proYince there wasn't another man \\ho could hold a candle to me. i\nJ she would alwa\·s call me lieutenant: lieuten­ ant here, lieutenant there, licutemint all the time. I asked her to call me Joaozinho, as before: but she shook her head saYing no. that I \\ as ·Mister Lieutenant.· One of her brothers-in-fa\\ who li\·eJ there, a brother of t he.late P��anha, called me nothing else.

It was 'Mister Ltcutenant, not lor mocken·, but scrwush· and in front of the slaYes who naturally did the same. At the iahlc, I had the best seat and was the first to be sen·cJ. You can't imagine. If I told you that Aunt Marcolina · s enthusiasm reached the point that she had them install in my bedroom a big mirror. a rich and magnificent piece that clasl1cd with the rest of the house, whose furnishin gs were modest and simple... It \\as a mirror given to Aunt Marcolina by her godmother. who had

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NEWS from BRAZIL JULY 1995 ·

das fidalgas 'inJas em lXliX com a corte de D. .loiio VI. Nih> sci o que ha' ia nisso de \·crdadc: cru a tradi�ilo. () cspc lho csla\ a naturalm.:ntc muito Yelho: mas \ ia-sc-lhc ainda o ouw. comido em parte pclo tempo. uns dclfins csculpidos nos [mgulos supcriorcs da moldura. uns cnfcitcs Jc madrcperola c nutrns capridws do artista. Tudo Yclho, nws hom ...

- Lspdho grande'!

- ( irandc. 1·: f,,j_ como digo. uma enormc fine; a. porquc o cspdho �sla\ u na sula: era a mclhnr 'c�a da casu. _ _ hnun� l<m;as qu.: a dcmnYcsscm n propostto: Mas nao rcspondia que mlo 1(1/ia fa Ita, qu.: .:ra s{> por algumas scmanas. l' finalmcntc que n --s.:nhor Allcr.:s" mcrccia muito mais. < > ccrtn 0 que tndas cssas coisas, .:arinhos. atcno;<'ics. obsequins. fi;cram cm mim uma transfon11a�ilo. que o natural scntimcnto da mo.:idadc ajudou e .:omplctou. lnwgmam. crctn cu·-' - N;lo.

- < > alfcrcs climinou o homcm. Durante alguns dias as duas naturc;as cquilibraram-sc: mas nilo tardou que a >rimill\ a ccJ.:ssl' :i outra: ficotl-111<: uma parte minima de llllllanidadc. Aenntcecu cnt;1o qu.: a alma c:-;tcrior. que era Jantcs o sol. n ar. o campo. os olhos Jas nw�as, mudou de naturcta. l' passou a scr a cortcsia .: os rapapcs da casa. tudn o que me fakl\ a dn pnsto. nada do 'luc me falaYa do hnmcm. A tmica 'artc do eidadilo qu.: ltcou .:omig.o foi aqucla que .:nll'Jll ia .:om o c'\cr.:ieio da patcntc: a outra dtspcrsnu-sc no ar c 11<1 passado. Custa-lhcs acrcditar, nilu'> - Custa-m.: ate cntcndcr. rcspondcu um Jos ouYintcs.

-- Vai ent.:ndcr. < >s fatos c'\pli.:arilo melhor os scntimentns: os fatos siio tudo. A mclhnr dcfini�ilo dn amor n:1o \·al.: um beijo de mo.,:a nanwrada: c. sc hem me !embro. lllll fil(>sofo. antig.<> dcmnnstrou o mo,·imcnto andando. Vamos aos falos. Vanws Ycr como, ao tempo em que a consci.:ncia do homem sc ohlitcra\·a. a do alfercs tonut\ a-sc ,i,·a e intcnsa. As Jorcs humanas, as alcgrias humanas. sc cram s,·, isso. mal ohtinham de mim uma compaixilo ap[ttiea <>U tllll sorriso de fann. No fim d.: tr.:s scmanas. cra outro. totalmente outro. Fra c:-;clusintmcnt.: alfcres. Ora. um dia rcccb.:u a tia Mar.:olina uma noticia g.raYe: uma d.: suas filhas. casada com mn la\Tador rcsidcntc Jali a cine<> kg.uas. csla,·a mal c :i mortc. Adcus, sl>hrinho� aJcus. alfcrcs' Fra mile cxtrcmosa, armou logo uma Yiag.cm. pediu ao .:unhado que fosse .:om da, e a mm1 que tonwssc conta do silio. Crcio lJUC, se niio fosse a atli.,:;lo. disporia o contritrio: dci'\ana o .:unhado c iria comig.o. Mas o ccrto c que fiquei s(>, .:om os poucos cscran>s da casa. l'onfcsso-lhcs que desdc logo senti uma grande npressiin. alguma coisa scmclhantc ao dcito de quatro parcJl·s de tun cilrccrc. suhitamcntc lcnmtadas em que se rcduzia: esta,·a h>rno de mim. l·:ra a alma C'\t.:rior . agora limitaJa a alguns cspiritos ho9ais. () alfcres .:ontinua\·a a Jominar cm mim. embora a Yida fossc mcnos intcnsa. c a cons..:i.:n.:ia mais debil. Os cscra\·os punham uma nola de humildadc nas sttas cort.:sias, que de ceria mancira C<Hnp�:nsa\ a a af: . iorilo dos parcntcs c a intimidade <h>mestica intcrrompida. Notci mcsmo. naqucla noitc, que clcs rcdobra\·am de rcspcito. de alcg.ria. de protcstos. Nhl1 alfcrcs. de minuto a mmuto: nhi) alfcrcs c muito bonito: nh(> allcrcs h;i de scr coroncl: nhi> alfcrcs h{t de casar com mo.,:a bnnita. filha de general: mn concerto de lom·orcs e profccias. que me dct:\ou C'\littico. Ah ' pcrfidos' mal J'l>dia cu susp.:itar a intcn�ilo secreta dos malYados.

Mal;i-lo'' - Antes assim fosse.

- l'oisa pior'' - < >t��;am-mc. Na manhii seguintc achci-me s(J. Os \·clha.:os. sc<hllidos por outros, ou de moYimcnto pr<'>prio, tinham resoh ido fugir durante a tillite: c assim fizcram.

A.:hei-mc si>, scm mais ninguem, entre quatro J1arcdes, dianle do tcrrciro dcscrlo c da rn�a abandonada. Ncnhum f(>kg.o hunHI!Il>. Corn a casa toda, a scnzala,tudo: ningucm, tun nwlcquinho que fossc. (ialos .: galinhas tiio-somcnte, tun par de mulas. que filosnfantm a Yida, sacudindo as moscas. c tr.:s bois. ( Js mcsmos o.:ilcs foram lcYados pelos cs.:ru' os. Ncnhum cnte humano. l'arecc-lhes que isto era mclhor do qu.: t.:r nwrrido·> J·:ra pior. N;1o por medo: _juro-lhcs que niio tinha mcdo: era um pouco atrc\·idinho, tanto que nilo senti nada. durante as primciras horas.

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inherited it from her mother. who had bought it from the noble­ \\ omen \\ ho came to Bratil \\ ith Dom Joilo VI's Court in IXOX. I didn't kno\\ if there was an\' truth in it: it \\ as tradition. The mirn>r was naturally ,·cry old.' hut you could still sec some gold. some\\ hat worn by time, som.: sculpted dolphms 111 the upper corners of the frame, some mother-of-pearl ornamentation and .. other ca 1riccs of th� _ artist. Really old. hut good...

-- A 11g mtrror'' "Big.. And, as I told you, it \\ as an enormous gesture on her part. sin.:c the mirror was in the hYing-mom. It was the best piece of furniture in the house. Hut there \\ as no one who could talk hcr out of it: she said it didn't mattcr at all, that it \\ as just for a fc\\ weeks. and finallY that ·Mister Lieutenant' dcscn·ctimuch more.

The thing. of it was that all these gestures of ai'!Cction. attention and fa,·ors worked a transformation inside me. "hich was helped and completed by the natural scntimcnt ol\outh. You .:an !mag.i!!e· I suppnse'1" _ No...

"The lieutenant eliminated the man. For a few daYS, both natures \\ ere in balan.:c: hut it wasn't long before the 1irimiti,·c one surrendered to the other. A ,·cry small part of humanit\ remained inside me. So it happened that the c:-;ternal soul, \\ hich was prcYiousl�· the sun, the mr. the fields, the eyes of the \·otmg. ladies. changed its nature and became the courtesY and the tlatteries of the household, e\'crythin � that related to tile posit ion. nothing of \\ hat related to the man. I' he onlY part of the .:iti;cn that staYed with me \\ as the one that had to tlo with the c'\cr.:isc of the rank: the other fad.:d away into thin air and the past. It' s hard for .Y<lll to hclic\·c, isn't it?"

"It is cYcn hard fnr me to understand,'' answered one of the listeners.

"You shall. The facts will better c:-;plain the sentiments: facts arc e\·erything. The best dcfinition of lm·c .:annnt he compared to a kiss from Your bdm cd, and if I remember rig.hth·. an an.:ient philosophcr'demonstrated the mo\·cmcnt walking. Let us lonk at the litcls. We will sec how, while the consciousness of the man obliterated itself, that of the lieutenant became aliYe and intense. !Iuman sorro\\·s, human joys, when onlY that. barely gained from me indiffcr.:nt .:ompassi'ori or a "tlronl;ing smile. 'By the end nf the third week, I was someone c se, entirdy someone else. I was .::-;dusi,·ch· a lieutenant. Well, one Jay Aui1t Marcolina rccci,·cd some bad 'ne\\ s: one of her daughters. married to a fanner \\ ho liYcd fi,·e leagues away' had fallen ill �nd \\ as dying.. Ciood-by.:, · nephews' Oood-bY c, heutcnant!

Bcmg an c:-;trcmcly lonng mother, she immediatci\ )anncd the trip, asked her hrothcr-in-la\\· to go with her and askc me to take care of the house. I hclic,·c that if it \\ cren't for her distress, she would haYc don.: the opposite: she \HJUld hm·e left the brother-in-law and \\ otlld ha\C gone "ith me. But what happened "as that I stayed there alone C'\ccpt for the fc\\· s)a,·cs of the house. I confess to you that I soon felt a great oppression, something like the effect of four walls of a prison cell, suddenly raised around me...

It was the e:-;ternaf soul reducing itself, limited now to a few uncultured sp irits. The lieutenant continued to dominate in me. although, lite was less intense and my cons.:iousnl'Ss nwrc li:cblc. Th.:rc \\ as a note of humilitY in the way the sl:l\ cs treated me, which somcho\\ compensateS for the afrcction of my rcla­ tiYes and the domestic, int.:rruptcd intimae\'.

That wrY night I noticed that the slan:s doubled t!1cir respect. thctqoy anJ thctr protests. It was· Master Lteutenant cYcry other minute: Master Lieutenant is Yen· handsome, Master Lieutenant shall hccl>lllc a colonel: Master Lieutenant shall mmT\' a beautiful girl, a general's daug.ht.:r: a con.:crt of compliments 'and pn>ph.:­ ci.:s that left me ecstatic. Ah, perfidious ones' .. !.itt!.: did I suspect the secret intention of those Yil.: .:rca lures.

--or killing you·>" "Would that it "ere."

"Something \HJrsc?"

"Listen to me. On the following morning, I liHmd myself alone. The traitors. seduced lw others or by their own a.:l, had decided to escape during. the 'night and th:it's "hal theY did. I found myself alone, not another p.:rson within the four" ill Is. the property deserted, the fields abandoned.

Not' a single human breath' I \\<:nt through the house, the th.: s)aYc quarters, eYer\'\\ here. No one, not eYen a child. OnlY a fc\\ rnostcrs and hens, a pair of mules philosophi;ing about' life as they shook off the !lies, and �hrec steers. EYen the dogs had been taken by the slaYes. Not a smgle soul. Docs that seem better to You than to ha\·e died'1 It was worse. Not because of fear: I s\\ car io you I \\ as not afraid. I \\ as a bit co.:k\', so I felt nothing during

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hquei triste por .:ansa do dano causado it tia Mareolina: ftqu.:t tamhemtnn pou.:o perplexo. n;lo sahendo sc Jc,·ia ir t<.:r C:<>m da. para lhe d;u· a tnsk' noticia. ou ficar tomando .:onta da .:asa. 1\dot<.:i o Sl}!lllldo a h itrc. para nilo Jcsamparar a .:asa. ..: porque. SL' a nunha prima enkrma cstant mal. eu ia soment.: aumentar <t dor da miiL'. scm rcmedio ncnhum: finalm.:nll'. csp.:rei que o mn;lo do Ito l'co;anha \oltassc naquck dia ou t!<> outrn. 'ist<> que tmha saido haYia jit trinta c sets lwras Mas a manh;i passou scm 'cstigto dele: ;i tarde .:omecet a SL'llttr a scnsa.,:;lo como de pcssoa que hou\·cssc pcr<hdo toda a ao,:;lo ncn osa. c n;lo ti\'CSSL' .:onscicncta da a.,:;lo nHhcular <> trnt;lo do tio l'co;anha Il<to \·oltou ncssc dta. ncm no outr. '· nem em toda aqucla scmana. Minha soltdiio tonwu propor.,:<'>cs cnormcs Nun.:a os dias foram mats .:ompndos. tlliiiCa o sol ahrasou a t<.:rra com uma ohstma<;;lo mats .:ansati\ a. As horas hatiam Jc seculo a se.:uh> no 'clho rdol:!l" da sala. cup pcndula tic-{{K, lt<-f<lc.li:na-me a ahna mtertor. como mn piparole continuo da dermdade. <Ju;mdo. mtutos anos depois. li uma pocsia amen.:ana. cr..: to que de l.onl,!kllo\\ . ..: topei cstc fanlllso estnht!lto. .\'enT. {ill·,·t·<'/'1 For<'l'<'l'.ll<'l'<'r'confcsso-lhcs <[U<.: II' c um calafito rc.:ordcHnc dalJuclcs dias mcdonhos.

Lra .JUslamenk' asstm que: lana o rch>gto da Ita Marcoltna: ' - .\'<'n'r. for <'1'<'1' For e1-er. ll<'n'r' N;lo cram golpcs de pcndula. era 111n dtalog.<' do ahisnw. 11111 cochid10 do nada.

I' ent;lo de· notk'' N;lo que a noitc fossc mats stlcnciosa. < > st!cnct<> era o mcsmo que ek· dta. Mas a noitc era a sombra, era a soltd;lo amda mats c-;tn:ita. ou mais larga. tic-lac, IIC-Iac. Nml,!lle'm. nas s.das. na 'aranda. nos corrcdorcs. no tcnctro. llllll,!llem .:m parte ncnhuma. Riem-sc ·.> - Sim. parccc que ttnha 11111 pouc<> de mcdo.

- < >h' fora h<>lll -;c• cu puckssc ter mcdo� Vi\cria. Mas 0 caradcnstico daquela Stlllat;;lo e l(UC CllliCm scquer podia tcr mcdo. 1-;to e. o mL·do 'ulgarmcntc cntcndido. Tinha uma sensa.,:no mc\plicit\ d Lra como 11111 dcfunto andando, um son;imbulo. 11111 honeco me·c;inico. Domundo. era outra eoisa. <> sono da\ a-me altno. nilo pcla ra;;lo eomum de scr inn;),, da mort<.:. mas por outta. Acho que posso cxplicar assim esse ti:n<>meno: - o sotHl. climinando a ncecssidadc de uma alma L'\ll'nor. det\a\ a atuar a alma interior. Nos sonhos. farda\a-me orgulhosamcntc. no mcio da familia c dos amtl,!os. que me clogta\ am o garbo. que me chamanmt alkres. 'mha 11111 anugo de nossa casa, c promctia-mc o posh> Jc tcncnlc. outro o de capitao ou ma_1or: c tuJo isso fa11a-mc \ 1\·cr l\1as <Jllando acordant. Jia elaro, csnlia-sc com o S<>no a consctcneta do mcu scr no\'o c tmico pnrquc a alma mtcn<>r pcrdia a ao;ao cxclusi\·a. c fica\'a Jcpcmlcntc da outra. que tcimaYa em tHio tornar. .. Nao lorna\ a. l·:u s;ua fora. a um lado c outro, a Yer se Jcscobria algum sinal Jc rcgresso. Soeur 1 11111' .weur .!nne, Ill' \'Ots-tu nen l'<'tllr.' Nada. cotsa nenhuma: tal qual como na lcnda franccsa. Nada mats do que a poeira da estrada c o capin;al J,,s monos. Volta\·a para casa, ncr\'oso, dcsespcrado. csttraYa-me nn canape Ja sala. Tic-lac, tic-l£tc .

I.e\ anla\ a-me. passe a\ a. tamhorila,·a n<lS Yidros Jas ja­ nclas. assohtaYa. Lm cc•rta oeasiiio lcmbrei-me de cscreYer alguma eotsa. tnn artigo pohttco. um wmancc. uma ode� n<lo cscolht nada dcfmiti,·amcnte: sentci-mc c ltacci nn papcl al g umas palanas e frases soltas. para intcrcalar tHl cstilo. Mas o esttlo. como tia Mareohna. dct\aYa-sc estar. Soeur .!mw. soeur .!nne. . .

Cotsa ncnhuma. <Juando muito Yia negrejar a tinta e a!Ycjar o papcl - Mas nan COillla'' -l'nnua mal. frutas. farinha. eonsernts, algumas raizes tostadas ao fogo. mas suportaria tudo alcgrcmcnte. se nan fora a tcrrh-d sttuao;iio moral em que me achaYa. Recita\·a \crsos. dtscursos. trcehos latmos, hras de (hmzaga, otta\'as de l'amiics. Jccimas. uma antologia em trinta Yolumes. As \C/Cs fa11a gin(tsttea: outra da,·a bchsciks nas pcrnas� mas o cti:ito era s,·, uma scnsa.,:ao fisica de dor ou de cansa.,:n. c mats nada. Tudo silcncio. IIIli silcncio \'asto, cnorme, mfmito. apenas suhlinhado pclo ctcrno tic-lac Ja pcndula.

Tic-lac. lie-lac. ..

- Na 'erdade. era Je enlouquecer.

- V<lo oll\·ir eoisa pinr. l'om·em dizcr-lhes 4ue, desdc que fieara si>. m1o olhara uma si1 ,·e; para o espelho. Nao era ahstcn.,:;lo Jehherada. nan tmha molt\·o� era mn unpulso inconsctcntc. IIlli r�·ccio de achar-me IIlli e dois. ao mesmo tempo. naquela casa solitaria� c sc tal cxplicao;ao c ·­

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the first couple of hours. I 1\ as sad because of the loss caused tn Aunt Marcolina: I \'<ts so pL·rplc\ed. not kno\\ ing 1\ hl'lhcr I should go to her and gi,·c h�·r the sad nc"s <>r rcmam lhL·r�· to take care of the house. I chose the second alternatiYc so as not to lea\ e the house alone and hecaUSL'. if cousm \\as rcalh tiL I 1\ <>nld just add to the mother's pain 1\ ithout am renicch FinallY. l was going to 1\ ait for I fndc Pco;anha s ·brother io come back that Jay or on the folio\\ing da\. since he had already been gone for thirty -six hours. But the morning passed 1\ ith no sign <>f him. In the alknwon. I began to c\pcricncc the feeling ol a person who has lost all his ncn cs and \\ as not conscwus ol his muscles. Uncle Peo;anha s hwthcr JHI not come hack that day· or the following Jay or c\'cn that 1\ hole \1 cck. MY solitude took on enormous proportions Nc' e·r had the Jays hccn so long. ncYcr had the sun burned the L'arlh 1\ ith a mnrc tiresome obscssinn. In the liYing-ruom. the hours stntck frnm century to century on the old dnck. 1\ hose pcndu­ hnntick-tuck, tick-lock hurt m\ internal soul like a continuous !licking of eternity. Many years later " hen reaJinl,! an Amen­ can poem. by Longfellow I helieYc, I came across those famous lines: .\'e1·er, for ewr1 -- For n·er, 11<'1'1:'1'1 I confess I got the chills. I recalled those ghasth· d'!'s That '"" c\at.:lh the \'<t\ Aunt Marcohna s clock 1\cnt .\<'1'<'1', for en•r1 --l-or <'1'<'1', Jien'r' They \\ ere not the strokes of a pendulum. it \\ as a dialogue from the ahy ss. a 1\ hisper from nothingness. And the night. Not that it was more silent. The st knee 1\ as the same· as during the day. But the night \\as the shado\\ . the L'\ en narw\\cr, or 1\ idcr, solitude T ic k-t ock, tick-lock No one 111 the rooms, on the \·cranda. in the corridors. on the· l!rounds.

JJ<l ' one an\'\dtcrc. You laughing·> ..

"Yes. You sound as if \Oil \\ ere a bit afraid .. <>h. Ii \Hlltld ha\c been good tf I had felt fear I "o11ld haYe sun iYcJ. But the distinct aspect of tlwt situatwn "as th.!l I could not C\ en feel afraid. that ts, fccl li:ar as it is eommonh understood. I felt an ine\plicahlc sensation. I \\as like it walkin g corpse. a somnambulist, a mechanical doll. Sleeping. it was different. Sleep pnl\·iJcd relief. Not for the usual reason of it being the brother of de all!. hut for another. I think I can c\plain the phenomenon this 1\ ay: sleep by elinnnattlll,! the need for an external soul. allo\\ ed the internal soul to act In my· dreams. I 1\ould proudlY \\Car the uniform anton!:! fannh and friends. 1\!10 prmscJ my elegance, who called me ltcutcn­ ant. A friend of the family would come and promise llll' the rank of lieutenant: another the rank of cap tain or ntator. and all of this made me li:cl ali\'c. But as I a\\ okc. in hnght da\ light. the consciousness of my new and only being faded a\\a\ 1\ ith sleep-- because the internal soul lost its C\clust\ c act�on and became dependent on the other. 1\luch stubh.,rnly retused Ill return... It did not return. I would go outside. from one place to another to see if I could disco\·cr any sign of its eommg back. ,\'oeur.!nne, Soeur.!nne,ne vvi.�-111 ri<'ll l'<'llir·> Nothing.. not a thing: just like in the French tal_c. Nothing hut the dust of the road and the grass out on the lulls. I \Hlltld l l'l 11111 ltotne ncn·ous, desperate. and stretch on the settee in the It'tnf!_ -n ">m Tick-lock. tic k- lock. I would get up. 1\alk arPund. I<�]' ott the window panes and \\histle. On one occasion. I thout,!ht ,,f \\riling something: an article on politics. a no\ el. an ode. I dtd not choose am thing definite. [ sat do\\ n and 1\rotc a fc\\ \lords and lo<ise sentences on a piece of paper just to In different forms. But the form. like Aunt Marcolina. did Jl<>t come. Sol'tll· 111111! So<'lfl' .·!nne. . . Not a single thmg. At most. what I sa\\ was the blackness of the ink and the 1\hitencss of the paper. .. ca\'1 "Didn't you .

"I ate a little fruit. bread, presen·es, a lei\ roots toasted Ill the fire. hut I would ha\'C 1\ ithstood that happih· if it \\ Cr..: not for the terrible moral situation I found mYself in. I rcetted Yerscs, speeches. parts of Latin texts, ,·erses by < i<lntaga. eight-line Yerses by l'amoes. ten-line Yerses. an antholog\· nf tlurt\' \·olumes. Somctnnes I dtd exercises. at other Innes I pinched my: legs:_ hut the effect w_as merely _a scnsatu>n of phystcal pam or llrcdncss m�J nothmg more. 1·.\cn thmg \\ as silence. a Yast, enormous, minute silence onh underscored h\ the eYcrlastingtick-lockof the ,endulum. Tick-l oc k . lic k-lock. · "In rcalitv, anvone woul go mad." . "You arc �oing to hear worse things. I must tell \ ou that smcc I was lett alone, I had not looked Ill the minor once 1\1' abstention was not deliberate, I had no reason for that. It 1\a·s an unconscious impulse, a fear of Sl'eing m\·sclf one and l\\o persons at the same time in that deserted house. And tf tins ·

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NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

Paulo Coelho owns the best seller list in

the States, but this succe . ss is nothing if not

Brazil. Really. A couple of months ago, if

worldwide. The Alchemist has topped the best

you'd have picked up the Folha de Sao Paulo

seller lists in France, Spain, and Australia, was

(the biggest newspaper in Brazil, with more

recently published in Japan, has been optioned

than one million copies), you'd have noticed

for film by Warner Brothers, and in September

four of Coelho's titles among the top ten fic­ tion, and one title -just to rub things in-on

it will be released by a major publishing house

the top ten non-fiction list. 0 Alquimista, in

with his wife, Christina, Coelho has become, by

particular, has been like a starfish on a rock; for

necessity if not by choice, a globe trotter of the

five years no one has been able to pry it off the

first order.

charts, and in South America alone it has sold over two million copies.

in Italy. So, although he lives in Rio de Janeiro

The three of us sat down together in Los Angeles recently as Coelho began an extensive

Harper San Francisco has just released the

US tour that will take him across the country

paperback edition of 0 Alquimista, in English

and even into C anada. I'd met the Coelhos

The Alchemist: A Fable About Following Your

twice in 1993, when Paulo was here to talk

Dream (177 pp., $10), as well

about The Alchemist af­

as Coelho's re-packaged first

ter it was first published

work, The Pilgrimage: A Con­ temporary Quest for Ancient Wisdom (226 pp., $12), which was originally published in this country (and in Brazil) as theDiaryof aMagus. In Sep­ tember, The Valkyries: An En­

"It doesn't matter which nationality and language we speak. We share the same ideals, the same passions, the same quests."

(Paulo Coelho)

counter with Angels will be hitting local bookstores.

in English, and so the following interview was not as im personal as many interviews tend to be, especially with so­ meone of international stature.

Paulo, I say, when

you travel to all these different countries -

These short and simply written works tend

which you seem to do all the time - do you

to combine spiritual and inspirational 'new

ever have the chance to relax and just sight-see?

age' ingredients with distinct fairy tale quali­

"There are moments, yes; and there are

ties, much like The Little Prince. They're 'feel

moments when it is impossible. Right now in

good about yourself' books, but they're also

the United States it will be impossible. I arrived

charming, thoughtful, and easy to read.

on Saturday evening [we met Monday morn­ ing]. Yesterday I went to walk around and I

Coelho has yet to become a big sensation in NEINS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

35

knew that it would be my only free day during

distance. To be aware of things, but never to

this tour. I tried to profit as much as I could."

lose your innocence."

Harper San Francisco's got him on a tight leash,

It's an important point, because we all know

all right. "My itinerary is

that fame can often exact a

that thick," Coelho says,

terrible price.

indicating an imaginary

"The danger exists,"

portfolio about an inch

Coelho admits. "I hope to

deep. For example, min­

keep my innocence intact.

utes after our talk con­

Of course I'm not dumb, I

cluded he was appearing in

know that I'm a big busi­

France - via satellite -

ness and there are those

to receive a writing award.

sides of business that I have

Coelho grumbles a bit,

to be very aware of. But up

but then who enjoys wak­

to now I think I have kept a

ing up at five o'clock to

naivete."

catch a plane?

Nonetheless, "This is

In other words, he's not jaded yet.

very exciting," he states

What about the deple­

matter-of-factly; "This is

tion of energy? Even popu­

a unique moment in my

lar rock'n'roll artists aren't

life and I try to live it with

on the road this long.

as much intensity as I can."

"I've been touring for

It's exciting, I say, but

almost two years. I started

I'm sure that sometimes

in 1993 with Australia, Ar­

when you sit back and think

gen tina, Chile a n d t h e

about it, it must be very

United States, and from

surreal, too?

that moment on I didn't

Coelho acknowledges

stop." He did have two

that the ramifications of

months to himself in Bra­

his success are beyond his

zil last summer. "But this

grasp. He says he does not

was all. I've been touring

dare to think about it or try

all over the world, all the

to explain it, because "Ei­ ther I'll be fearful or very proud, and these are very dangerous things. It's better to keep a

time." m the energy it demands, it must also take away from your time to write?

NE'M> from BRAZIL· JULY 1 995

Coelho agrees. "But you know, in Brazil we

passions, the same quests."

have a saying, 'When it needs to, the frog can

j ump.'

One reason for Coelho's international

The same thing goes

success may be that word-of-mouth occa­

for me. I thought at the begin­

sionally transcends national borders, espe­

ning that I could only write in

cially in Europe where one country's best

my office with my desktop

seller list is carefully eyed by another. And

computer, and then I discov­

sometimes international travelers will come

ered that this is not true, that

back from a far-off land with tales of a

I could do it wherever I am."

particular book, thus arousing some inter­

He illustrates this by say­

est in it before the translation has been

ing that he'd once had the

completed.

notion of going up to the

When you travel the world, do people

mountains, sitting in front of

ever expect you to be a spokesman, not

a tranquil lake, and compos­

only for the books you write, but for other

ing inspired prose. However, "I never, never

Brazilian writers who are not as well known?

could work like this," because the external

"I don't think so, " Coelho replies, "Be­

stimulus is missing. He says he wrote his first

cause to begin with my

four books in Brazil, "with the fax and the

books are not typical Bra­

phone ringing, and my friends calling me; and

zilian literature. Nonethe­

then I can write a book. But if I go- and I've

less, I hope I can open the

tried this, of course- to a fantasy landscape

door for Brazilian writers...

with mountains and loneliness and time to

In a certain way I've prof­

write, then I can do nothing. Nothing at all."

ited from the situation of

Which isn't all bad. Because when Sep­

Jorge Amado."

tember rolls around, Coelho will be on the

In the United States,

world-circuit once again: Italy, Japan, the

Amado remains the best

Scandinavian countries, and probably back to

known Brazilian author­

The Valkyries. "But, like The Alchemist," Coelho says,

the US to promote the shepherd in

and I like to think I've helped to sustain the momentum in some small way , having written

"I'm still on a constant pil­ grimage through life."

If he seems a bit tired

on the morning we meet, it's probably fhe jet lag (there's six hours differ­ ence between R i o and

L.A.), but overall his spir­

its seem just fine: He's up and in for the long haul.

"This is the only way that I have to contact my read­ ers, to get in touch with people. This is the best thing about the job. You are never a foreigner, you are always there because your book was there be­ fore you and it shows people who you are. And then when you go there you have 'soulmates' to meet and to talk with."

Your book is like a calling card, I tell him. Coelho laughs. "Exactly," he says.

"To see my book doing well in several different countries, it shows that there are things that we share, that we are the same.

It doesn't matter which nationality and language

The Alchemist, an

excerpt:

That night. the bo\ slept deeph·. and." hen he a\\ oke. his heart began to tell hun things that came from the Soul of the World. It ts said that all people \\ ho arc happy ha,·e (iod within them. And that happiness could be found in a grain of sand from the desert. as the akhcmist had said. Because a grain of sand is a moment of creation. and the uni­ ,·ersc has taken millions oh cars · to create it. ··J:Ycr\onc on earth has a treasure that ;mails him ... his heart said. "We. people· s hearts. seldom sa\ much ahout those treasures. \;� cause people no longer want to go in search of them.

We speak of them <>nh· to children. Luter. we simp!�· let life proceed. in its own direc­ tion. to\\ ards its own fate But. unfortunatelY. \·er\ fc\\ folio\\ the path laid. out f,;r tlll·m - the path to their destinies. and to happiness. Most people see the world as a threatening place. and. hecausc the\· do. the '' orld turns out. indeed : to be a threatening place.

we speak. We share the same ideals, the same NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

about The

for the

War ofthe Saints Los Angeles Times

- but lesser known fig­ ures like Rubem Fonseca, Ignacio de Loyola Bran­ dao, Moacyr Scliar, Joao Ubaldo Ribeiro, and the late Osman Lins- are also worth reading.

"I'm a fan, I'm a grou­ pie

of

Jorge Amado,"

Coelho admits, "because he's very, very important for us."

Not only that, Amado stood up for and defended Coelho against unfavor­ able and harsh criticism.

"Even with t h e s e very tough reviews," he says, "I acquired an immense pub­ lic that grows and grows.

T oday l've sold nearly f our-and-a-half million copies of my books. This has never happened in Bra­ zilian literature. I'm very proud of my country and my people, because I'm not one who had to go abroad to be recognized."

In your books there's

sometimes a sense of the future, a glimpse of 37

things to come.

price of your dream.' I always try to focus on

.

"I believe neither in the importance of the future nor in the importance of the past, past lives

this because this is my personal quest also.

and that; I don't believe this. I do believe in the present- that we can change either the past or the

signs." Indeed, there's an omen every few

"In my books, I'm very attentive to the pages or so in both of his translated words, and

future.

woe to the one who ignores them. These signs

"Perhaps my characters foresee things, but they know that all these things are linked to the way that they were going to behave in the present.

In any case, I think that the present is our gift. It is

don't always make logical sense, Coelho says, and we may have to rely mostly on our sixth sense, our intuition."

"This is important for us," he emphasizes,

the most important part of our life and we can change any future that we have if we live the present intensely."

"To be aware of all the signs around. Even if they don't have logic they are most power­ ful."

Coelho's re­

As if on cue,

mark reminds me ofOctavio Paz, in particular

several p e o p l e

"This is the best thing about my job.

You are never a foreigner, you are always there because your book was there before you and it shows people who you are. And then when you go there you have 'soulmates' to meet and to talk with."

Paulo Coelho

his

1990 Nobel Lec­

ture, published as

In Search of the Present. As Paz writes, "The pre­ sent is the source

enter the lobby where the three of us have been sit­ ting alone. Al­ though they are not literally ejec­ ting us from the room, the sound

of presences."

Are

ofscraping chairs

your

and shuffling feet clearly unbalances the equi­

other books, or those you're planning to create, along the same lines as

Pilgrimage?

The Alchemist

and

The

librium we've attained during the course of our hour long conversation. Christina, Paulo,

"They are not the same," Coelho answers, "But

and I smile and laugh and look at one another

I always focus on this message of 'Be faithful to

with knowing glances. This was a sign, all

your dream, and fight for your dream, and pay the

right. It was time to go.

BRAZIL

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617 787-3231 39

Bahia is Brazil's most historic state, and has re­ tained strong links with its African heritage. Its capi­ tal, Salvador da Bahia, was also the capital of colonial Brazil from 1549 to 1763 and the center of the sugar economy which sustained the country's prosperity until the 18th-century decline in international sugar prices. The state of Bahia divides into three quite distinct regions: the recon­ cavo, tre sertiio and the litoral (littoral).

Thereconcavois a band of hot and humid lands which surrounds the Baia de Todos os Santos. The principal cities are Cacho­ eira, Santo Amaro, Mara­ gojipe and Nazare, which were once sugar and to­ bacco centers and the source of wealth for Salvador.

Bahia, ah!

(Part I) We will have to return many times to start to tell a little about the swing, the mistery, the fascination of Bahia.

The land where

d' Ajuda for a hipper, less ·developed beach scene. To really escape civilization you can go to the beaches up north around Conde.

The inland regions of Bahia are less well known, but are well worth a visit if you want a change from beaches. Cachoeira and Len�6is are both interest­ ing colonial towns. Len�6is provides a handy base for hiking trips inside the Par­ que Nacional da Chapada Diam ant i n a . T ravelers might also like to explore the bizarre moonscapes of the sertao, where the Serta­ nejos have m aintained a rich culture despite the poor environment.

Folk Art Bahia has some of Brazil's best arti­ sans, who usually have small shops or sell in the -

Brazil started

1be sertiio is a vast and parched land on which a

suffering people eke out a meager existence raising cattle and scraping the earth. Periodically, tremendous droughts, such as the great drought of 1877 to 1879, sweep the land.

Thousands of Sertanejos pile their belongings on their backs and migrate south or anywhere they can find jobs. But with the first hint of rain in the sertao, the Sertanejos return to renew their strong bond with this land.

The litoral, south of Salvador, with beau­ tiful, endless beaches, is a cacao producing re­ gion and there are im­ portant cities like Va­ len�a, IlMus and Ita­ buna. North of Salvador the coast is only sparsely populated with a few fishing villages. The southern beaches are calm, while the north­ ern beaches are often windy with rough surf.

Salvador is a fascinating city loaded with colonial relics - including many richly decorated churches, one for every day of the year according to popular belief. You should also take the time to explore outside Salvador and visit the smaller cities, towns and fishing villages in

local market. You can buy their folk art in Salvador, but the best place to see or purchase the real stuff is in the town of origin because so much of the production is regional and special­ ized.

The main materials used in Bahian folk art are leather, wood, earth, metal and fiber. Feira de Santana is known for its leatherwork: the best examples are in the city 's Casa do Sertao folk­ lore museum. Marago­ jipinho, Rio Real and Cachoeira produce ear­ thenware. Caldas d o Jorro, Caldas de Cip6 and ltaparica specialize in straw crafts. Rio de Contas a n d M u ritiba have metalwork. Ilha de Mare i s f a m o u s for lacework. Jequie, Va­ len�a, a n d F e i r a de Santana are woodwork­ ing centers. Santo Anto­ nio de Jesus, Rio de Contas and Monte Santo manufacture goods made of leather and silver.

Religion - Much of Bahian life revolves around the Afro-Brazilian religious cults known as Candomble. To the Christian observer Candomble provides a radically different view

Bahia, where life is unaffected by tourism and even less affected by the 20th century.

of the world. It is also a medium for cultivating African traditions -music, dance, and language

If beaches are what you want, the only difficulty is choosing. You can go to Porto Seguro for beaches with fancy hotels and restaurants or cross the river to Arraial

- into a system that aims to worship and enjoy life in peace and harmony.

Much of Candomble is secret - it was pro-

40

NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

hibited in Bahia untill970 - but the public _ceremony, conducted in the original Yoruba tongue, takes place in a

terreiro.

In Salvador, Casa

Branca on Avenida Vasco da Gama, 463, in the Engenho Velho neigh­ borhood is the center for Can­ domble.

Capoeira Capoeira is an African martial art developed by slaves to fight their oppressors. Prohibited by the slave-masters, capoeira was banished from thesenzalas (slave barracks) and practiced clandestinely in the forest. Later, in an attempt to disguise capoeira from the authorities it was developed into a kind of acro­ batic dance.

The clapping of hands and plucking of theberimbau, a fishing rod-like instrument, originally served to alert fighters to the approach of the boss and subse­ quently became incorporated into the dance to main­ tain the rhythm.

As recently as the 1920s, capoeira was still prohib­ ited and Salvador's police chief organized a police cavalry squad to ban capoeira from the streets. In the 1930s, Mestre Bimba established his academy and changed the emphasis of capoeira, from its original function as a tool of insurrection, to a form of artistic expression which has become an institution in Bahia.

Today, there are two schools ofcapoei­ ra: the Capoeira de Angola led by Mestre Pastinha and the more aggressive Capoeira Regional of Mestre Bimba. The former school holds thatcapo­ eira came from An­ gola, the latter be­ lieves that it was born in the plantations of Cachoeira and other cities oftherec oncavo region.

Capoeira is a fight, a game and a dance.

The movements are al­ ways fluid and circu­ lar, the fighters always playful and respectful.

It has become very popular in recent years . and throughout Bahia and Brazil you will see rod a de capoeiras, semicircles of s pectatorm usicians who sing the initial chula before the fight and provide

E.\cerpts from IJra::il -

the percussion dur­

.I Trm·el .\un·iml 1\it -

ing the fight. In ad­

2nd edition.

dition to musical ac­

by Andrew Draffen.

companiment with

Deanna Swaney

the, blows are ex­

and Robert Strauss. For

changed to the beat

more information call

of other instruments, such as caxixi, pan­

Lonely Planet: (XOO) 275-

X555. Copyright I ')<J2

deiro,

rec o-rec o,

Lonely Planet Publications.

agogo

and ataba­

Used by permission.

que.

NEVIS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995

41

0

e u

Dh�f!���;;l!� � �J�i ���� � ���::a�! n

e

,and give sensual pleasure, tegg�e haS mostly .

. ts ID}lllc ll).pst likely s;omesJr9m l:>een a protes{musio,J

the way Jamaicans pronounce ragged (as in oJothing)

and it originated among the oppr�ssed Jamaican poor.

This tradition lives on in BraZil through a1landful

\

Adding strong lyrics to catchy reggae sollnds and mixing them with lively Brazil.iao rhythms,. some bands from arazifare filling up dance halls, gelting gold record�, and giving some l¢ssoos ,()n protest.

of new bands-who ate starting t6 hit the airwaves and the nation's q:msciousness. ¥in4 you, reggae is not a

marginal or: new phenomenon ln Brazil. Several big .

MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) composers su,ch as

•

Gilberto Gil have penned reggae-:flavoreg tunes, but

the social-. criticism sting is something more recent.

Bahiana (fi:om Bahia) Daniela1vfercul)', composer

and singer, frprll. . reggae's softer,Side too, has become an international�phenomenon in the last few years

sellJng close to 2 million records. in he(samba-reggae

rhy\hm better know.n aS' axe music.

The three newest arid most popu,lar groups explor­

••••• "

ing the. reggae mother lode are from distinct parts of·

BraZil, barely know e<1ch ot�Aer and have :::::;...,..'!1'\"""

been developing a very ,independent work. ··The Nadegueto is from Bahia; 0 :Rappa was'bom jn Rio, and Papas da Lingua has

its origin.in Porto Alegre, capital 'of Rio Granderdo Sql state.

. Their common trait is their social con­

science tliat's tnmslated into their heavily

about povert)', political lyrics -whichJallc . drugs, Iaclc of perspective, _pouce,harass­ men�. "Fogo Cruzado" ("Crossl}ire:') from the Rappa, for example, say$,

"No guetq o medoJ]ude.! seduz.

Cprn o pq:aef�aa cocalna Quem qomanda o sucesso Das bocas defumo da esquina.

Mas afavela.nlJo emile De toda duyidadetal."

("In the ghetto feaf deceives l!,nd se-

duces

With the power of cocaine

Those who command the success Of the corner joint spot.

But the slum is not mother

band's percussionist, Lazao. He accuses, refusing

This success comes on the heels of another ·tess

music due. toJacism. Toni Garrido, the new crooner of the group, has also given a new direction to

Of all · lethal doubt.:')

caustic reggae style whicll is· a l:>)g hit in Brazil thanks

to cite names, some radios of boycotting their

to t>ands like Sk�rik .;:md Cidade �Negra. In another

Cidade Negra not only commercially but also

rhythm, the Skank became famous despite its origin:

-awareness, mainly their Mrican root a wareness.

"We don't use our success to bed girls. We're

propf that nOregion detain the·monopoly of the new

Minas Gerai�.a·state which.ha.sn't mad�al:>ig .splash in music sinc.e . Milton Nascimento's Clube daEsquina.

The Cidade Negra, from the poor.:Class ·neighbor­

;bood ofRio's BelfotdRoxo, ha$ been livi11g on the fast lane playing more than 20 �hows every month sipce

they signed tip with Sony. Their ''Onde Voce Mqra"

C'Where '(ou Live"), the fi'rst"single to be released

from their iliir(i and"Jatest all:>ull}

Sobre Todas as

Forfas (()ver All thf! Forces), is a big hit. Sony imposed so1lle changes after . their second album, Ne­ gro nq Poder (Black in Power) bombed.

"We were misunderstood in that album," says the

42

politically. He and his colleagues like to talk about

interested in transmitting a feeling of peace and harmony. That's the message of reggae: love and

energy," says Garrido.

Skatllc has also become a Sony Music star band after having found a niche on Brazil's pop music

charts by fillancing themselves their 1992 debut

alb,\}m, which became a golden disk, selling more

than 100,000 copies.

For the second work recently released, Cal ango

(Lizard), the ambition to get platinum was satis­

fied in just a few months. Skank has made a rich NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

salad of rhythms, mixing reggae to Northeastern baiiio and Minas's calango (a Mineiro version for Alagoas' coco de embolada) and the band seems to have survived without scars the attacks accusing them of exploitative middle-class white men taking advantate of black music.

Calango is irresistible in the dance hall, but has also its socially conscious lyrics, as in "A Cerca" ("The Fence") in which two bump­ kins fight for a piece of land or "Pacato Cidadao" ( "Easy-going Citizen") which is a homage to Paul McCartney's "Let'Em ln."

The theme here is the marginalized poor who cannot eat in the same restaurants and go to the same par­ ties as the more privileged citizens.

The rap, another protest music, has never got the status given the reggae and has been mostly con­ fined to poorer neighborhoods. Be­ ing more moderate, the reggae musicians have been able to please the middle class who buys records and the media which promotes them.

Salvador's (Bahia) Nedegueto, formed by a group of musicians who used to play for axe-music biggest stars, is an example of moderation. "0 futuro e u m a vaidade/ Daqueles que nasceram com bem-estar", ( "The future is a luxury/ For those who were born under a lucky star"), they sing in "Pelas

Ruas"

( "Throu g h

the

Streets").

The Papas da Lingua make their protest using history and some di­ dacticism as inMusica para Dan9ar

(Music for Dancing) in which they present some pressing questions: "Discutir a questiio da pobreza!

Debater a questiio da miseria/ Repensar a questiio dos mendigosl

Resolver a questao dos meninos ("To discuss the poverty question/ To debate the misery question/ To rethink the mendicants' question/ To solve que children's question").

Despite all the moderation the songs' sting, however, can still cause some commotion. Rappa's lyrics, for example, talk about tor­ ture, social walls, and politicians who ask for votes in the favela and in the next day send the police to beat those living there.

• 43

July J. Marcos Santos & Band

July 22 LULA & Afro-Brazj[

July 8 ·Renny Flores & Capoeila

July 29- Ze/ao-6 Band

July 15 ·Flavia de Mello & Band

Augost 5 Constellation Band

•

•

at Cafe Dallssa -11533 West Pico 81., W.LA. Betweell Sawtelle & Barrillgtoll • (310) 391-6098 478-7866 •

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139 Brighton Ave. Allston, MA 02134 NEWS from BRAZIL· JULY 1995

Brazilian

meo appearance, along with

fying elements that help to

percussionist Paulinho da

create an album overflow­

possible only through Joe

Costa, pianistMarcosAriel

ing with great music. All in

Henderson's musical per­

lasting musical tribute made

Notas

and drummers Joe La Bar­

all, Bill Cunliffe's new Dis­

spective and producer Ri­

bera and Alex Acuna. Bill

covery album Bill In Brazil

chard Seidel's passion for

In Brazil strikes just the right

is a fine effort, waiting to

the music.

SCOTT APAMS

balance between creative

provide you with more ex­

Pianist Bill Cunliffe's

whimsy and musical wis­

citement than, say, forget­

Double Rainbow con­

dom. Cunliffe's forte is his

ting to pick up a visa for

tains no fewer than 12 of

your next Brazilian trip.

Jobim's finest, recorded in

first foray into the world of

melodic development and

contemporary Brazilian jazz

tonal texturing, both in the

comes in the form of his

six original songs included

When word of saxophon­

tings. The first, "Joe!Brazl

new Discovery release Bill

here, as well as with his

ist JoeHenderson's Double

Jobim" features pianist

In Brazil. In a country where

improvisational skill. Bill

Rainbow project for Verve

Eliane Elias, bassist Nico

guitar players seem to flow

Cunliffe's delicate shading

reached our desk a little over

Assun�ao, drummer Paulo Braga and co-producer/gui­

two distinct musical set­

like water, the piano's natu­

on

"S he

a year ago, we were imme­

ral acoustic timber has come

Moves On" provides a strik­

diately filled with a strong

tarist Oscar Castro-Neves.

to enhance the compelling

ing contrast to the solo which

sense of anticipation. After

The Brazilian touch is un­ mistakable. Songs such as

Paul Simon's

melodic qualities of contem­

follows, and Cunliffe's re­

all, Henderson's lyrical

porary Brazilian instrumen­

flective reading on Caetano

tenor play has graced the

"Felicidade," "Dreamer"

tal music. Cunliffe obvi­

Veloso's "Saudosismo" is

American jazz scene for

and "Once I Loved" provide

ously enjoy what he does.

the perfect invitation to a

over 30 years, and has pro­

a solid base for Joe Hen­

Both the album art and liner

Brazilian romp through his

pelled him to the pinnacle

derson's expansive tone and

notes make it abundantly

own "Samba Feliz."

of success in the music

clever improvisation. "Joel

world. He's received Gram­

Jazz!Jobim" finds Hender­

clear that whatever else may have been a concern in re­

While Cunliffe's origi­

my awards for Best Jazz In­

son teamed with Herbie

cording this album, having

nal material is predictably

strumental Solo and Best

Hancock (piano),Christian

a good time wasn't one of

jazzier, his sense of balance

Jazz Instrumental Perfor­

McBride (bass) and

them. And it's our good for­

always dictates the results.

mance, Small Group, and

DeJonette (drums) in a se­

tune to enjoy the satisfying

Songs such as "Long Time

has been voted #1 Tenor

ries of stronger, straight

results.

Coming" with guitarist

Saxophonist, # 1 Jazz Artist,

ahead covers that includes

Recorded both in Los

Jack

Ricardo Silveira, and "Le­

aro #1 Jazz Album by the

"Triste," "Chega de Sau­

blon" are sure to become

readers of Downbeat maga­

dade" "Portrait in Black and

Angeles and Rio de Janeiro,

favorites, and his covers of

zine for his chart topping

White" and "Passarim." But

Cunliffe's roll call of mu­

classics such as

Antonio

albums. And Brazil has

no matter which setting be­

sician's for this project

Carlos

played its part.

helped to insure the album's

board", Luis Bonfa's "Gen­

comes your favorite, the underlying theme of Double

Jobim 's

"Surf­

Oscar

tle Rain" and "Cast Your

Castro-Nevcs makes a ca-

Fate to the Wind" are satis-

quality. Guitarist

It was Joe Henderson

Rainbow is carried by Joe

Flora

Henderson's uncanny abil­

Purim in 1974 on her land­

ity to get to the heart (and

marl<.

soul) of Jobim's music.

who recorded with

Butterfly Dreams al­

bum. It was Henderson who traveled to Rio de Janeiro

"Jobim had a profound

19 years later to participate

effect on the way I proceed

in a special tribute concert

with melodies" said Hen­

to Tom Jobim. And it was

derson. ''I'll be forever in­

Henderson who stood cen­

debted to him for that. I feel

ter stage with Jobim a t

that there's a side of me that

Carnegie Hall less than a

bossa nova appeals to, a real

year later to perform "Desa­

soft side. When we recorded

finado" with the composer,

those tracks, I felt really at

during Verve's 50th Anni­

peace with myself, and with

versary Concert. That per­

the world around me."

Your home awayfrom home. f o r m a n c e No other hotel in Rio de Janeiro better �ttulentands the needs of the American

�lf::,'::Z.:;;,:;,.m;:::::,:;:��:w ...u..,po'"''d ""'""and 31�: :era_,:�; ':'n,7;::,_o;,:;:: of the Tropical At/anile with your choic< of '

uto

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o

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• JULY 1995

became the •

•

•

You can sample both of

lflSptfatlOfl

these new releases by

for Double R ai n bow ,

Music Review Listener

calling The Brazilian

which \Vith

Line 24 hours a day at

the passing

(708) 292-4545. Available

Jobim

at Tower Music stores,

became a

nationwide.

of

45

Books

best-sellers Banheiro -The conversation in a bathroom reveals the little secrets of a New Year's Eve celebration. Written by Pedro Vicente, directed by Johana Albuquerque. In Sao Paulo.

Corra que Papai Vem a{ - A gay man has his life disturbed when his father decides to make him an unannounced visit. By Ron Clark and Sam Bobrick.

Directed by Ary Fontoura.In Rio. Gigalmesh - Director Antunes Filho has based this on a poem of same name. Gigalmesh, a semi-god is beautiful as his mother (a goddess) but mortal as his father (a mere man). Luis Melo plays the hero. In Sao Paulo.

Kean Alexander Dumas's story about actor Edmund Kean through the eyes of French phi­ losopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Bra­ zilian version adapted by Maria Adelaide Amaral. Aderbal Freire directs. In Sao Paulo 0 Livro de Jo - Based on the Bible, it discusses divine inter­ vention and God's power. Di­ rected by Antonio Araujo. In Sao Paulo.

Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procu­ ra - Miguel Falabella, who wrote the text, plays all17 char­ acters of this comical mono­ logue. In Rio. Nas Raias da Loucura- Name inspired by inte!J?reter Claudia Ra1a. Lyrics by S1lvio de Abreu and directed by ze Rodrix. In Rio. Noites de Cabrita - Comedy directed by Bibi Ferreira. The Cabrita from the title is actress Marcia Cabrita who is the in­ terpreter of the monologue. In Rio. .

Trair e Cofar E So Comefar A loony maid makes life miser­ able for her bosses. In Sao Paulo.

Yerma Federico Garcia Lorca's play criticizing false moralism and painting a scary tableau of humankind. Eduardo Wotzik directs. With Clarice Niskier and Camila Amado. In Rio.

-

46

Fiction

Movies

American films just released: French Kiss (Surpresas ,do Corafiio), In the Mouth of Madness (A Beira da Loucura), _Combina­ tion Platter (Prato Feito), The Hunted (Afarcado para Morrer), Die Hard with a Vengeance (Duro de Malar -A Vinganfa), Naked in New York (Nu em Nova lorque), Murder in the First Degree (Assassinato em Primeiro Grau) Miami Rhapsody (Casos e Casamentos).

Before de Rain ( Antes da Chuva) France - (1994) -Conflicts among a monk, a pub­

-

lisher and a photographer.

Carlota Joaquina - Princesa do Brazil Brazil-(1994)- Directed by Carla Camura­ ti, it tells the story of Dom Joiio VI's wife.

La Chasse aux Papillons (Cafa as Borboletas) -France-(1992) -Directed by Otar Iosseliani. The world seen through the eyes of two women who are against progress.

Gazon Maudit (Uma Cama para Tres) France -(1995) - The arrival of a woman shakes the foundation of a happy marriage.

Directed by Josiane Balasko.

Muriel's Wedding(OCasamento de Muriel) Australia - (1994) -Muriel is an ABBA avid fan who dreams of being rescued from her boring life by a prince charming.

Le Parfum de lvo­ nne (Perfume de lvonne) - France (1994) -Love and friendship in the 50s among three vulnerable people.

Los Peores Aiios de Nuestra Vida -

-

(Os PioresAnos de Nossas Vidas) Spain - (1994) -

'3t!R1:.'"'8

Two brothers dispute the heart of lovely Maria. With -Gabino Diego.

1. Pelas Portas do Corafilo Zibia Gas_P.aretto (Espa�o. Vida &Consc1encia) 2. Violetas na Jane/a Zibia Gasearetto(Espa�o. Vida &Consciencia) 3. A Profecia Celestina James Radfield (Objetiva) 4. LafOS Eternos Zibia Gas_P.aretto (Espa�o. Vida &Consc1encia) 5. Na Margem do Rio Piedra Eu Sentei e Chorei Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 6. Comedias da Vida Privada101 Cronicas Escolhidas Luis F ernando V e rissimo (L&PM) 7. A Ilha do Dia Anterior Umberto Eco (Record) 8. Nada Dura para Semp re Sidney Sheldon (Record) 9. Cisnes Selvagens Jung Chang (Companhia das Letras) 10. 0 Alquimista Paulo Coelho (Rocco)

Nonfiction 1. 0 Guia dos Curiosos

Marcelo Duarte -(Companhia das Letras) 2. Anjos Caballsticos Monica Buonfiglio -(Oficina Cultural Esotenca) 3. A Magia dos Anjos Caba­ Hsticos - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 4. 0 Povo Brasileiro Darcy Ribeiro - (Companhia das Letras) 5. ChatO- o Rei do Brasil Fernando Morais- (Companhia das Letras) 6. Como Enlouquecer a sua Mae - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 7. Maud, E m p r esdrio d o Imperio Jorge Caldeira (Companhia das Letras) 8. Dez A nos no Mar Familia Schurman (Record) 9. Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 10. Quarenta- a !dade da Loba Regma Lemos (Globo) NEWS from BRAZIL • JULY 1995

BLACK PRIDE Brazilian Roots USA, a W ashing­ ton-based group interested in promoting the union and mutual understanding of blacks from the Diaspora, is having a field year. In 1995, Brazil, which has the world's second biggest population of people of black ascent (70 million), is celebrating the 300th anniversary of the death of Zumbi. A slave, Zumbi became a hero for the blacks, after running away from his owners and leading Quilombo dos Palmares, a renegade black republic of runaway slaves.

Brazilian Roots has been promoting Afro-Brazilian celebrations, including Capoeira show s. For those interested in being part of the celebrations being held in Bahia from August 11 to August 19, the group is organizing the Zumbi Project '95 Escape to Brazil. The travel package includes Rio and Salvador, with visits to Candomble Houses, lectures and meet­ ing with Brazilian black leaders. For more information call (202) 588-0071.

WoRD CuP, 1 YEAR Stage for most of the games that led Brazil to the World Cup victory in 1994, the Bay Area in Northern California doesn't want to let the first anniversary of that event go unnoticed. Two dozen Brazilian bands, samba schools and dance groups will be taking part in the celebrations to be held from 12 noon to 9 PM, on July 16 and September 10.

Samba, lambada, batucada, capoeira, macu/ele, and Brazilian art and crafts, are just some of the events in store for the festivities being promoted by Bahia Cabana Restaurant and Brazilian Cul­ tural Movement.

Everybody is being invited to the free celebration that will happen at Page St. & Franklin St. in San Francisco on the Parkmg Lot of California Parking Co. In addition to the World Cup, the San Francisco troupe will also be com­ memorating Independence Day, cel­ ebrated on September 7 in Brazil.

NEWS from BRAZIL

•

JULY 1995

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FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET

� Your Party"- Dmners salad bar, finger food and petit fours. Now cooking frozen food for your busy week. Call (310) 438-341S.

CLASSES Computer classes- Groups and

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Portuguese classes -lridiv1dUhl & smiill 11roups. I'm a native

Brazilian mstructor with an uni­ versity degree in languages. Try a free lesson. New groups be­ ginning now. (415) 771-9474.

900-AKS70IL for the latest Sportsline, news, scores, Tips, Odds, Sports-trivia game on North America's #1 up to the minute best information line.

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Interests include yoga, health food, nature. Please write R.B. 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024.

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American businessman

Brazilian lady, 18-32 Ior fun and romance. Must be pretty.

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American Jewish

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Niio fumo, pode furnar. Procure uma mulher delgada ou media ate 40 anos que more perto de Simi Valley, para relac io­ namento seno. Responda em ingles com sua foto, por favor.

Patrick O'Bryan, 1728 Townley Circle, Simi Valley, CA 93063.

Amencano, 37 anos, delgado, ollios azuis, professor de Ingles.

Fala Frances,Espanhol,Italiano, Portugues. Deseja encontrar brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva para Wilham, l 431 Ocean Ave., # 1106, Santa Monica, CA, 90401.

French American guy looking for friendship with Brazilian

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POLICY: 1\11 aJs to h.: pr.:paid. 1\ds ar.: a..:..:.:pt.:d at our Jiscrdiou. SonY, no cr.:Jit ..:ard at this tim.:. Your ..:am:d.:d d1.:.:k is \ �lltr r.:..:.:ipt. l'kas.:. iudud.: addr.:ss auJ phon.: uumh.:r. \\ hidt \\ ill h.: k.:pl ..:onftd.:nttal DEADLINE: lh.: 15th of th.: uwuth. l.ak mat.:nal \\ 1!1

he hdd for th.: follll\\ illl,( month if appropnak TO PLACE AD: S.:nd ad\\ ith dt.:c·k or moll<:\ 1Hd.:r Ill Nc\\ s frnm Brazil P.O. Box �2536 Los An�clcs, C A 911tl511-115J(,.

men 35-SS. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. B o x 1665S,Beverly Hills,C A 90209.

If you are in your twenties and

would not mmd living in Cali­ fornia, you are an ideal candi­ date for an honest highly edu­ cated (Ivy League) fmancially secure, executive who likes to travel with you around the world, walk on the beach, cuddle with you in front of the frreplace in a ski chalet, go to concerts, Scuba dive and go to movies. Hope­ fully both of us can also give a little to others and help those in need. Please send a letter with picture to: 3857 Birch,Suite 454 - Newport Beach, CA 92660.

Call (714) 345-8338.

- Loyal, funny and supportive seeks smart, loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 to 35 for love and comparuonship.

Write letter with photo to Dr. G. Martin - 1107 Farr Oaks #184 South Pasadena, CA 91030 or call (213) 223-6100.

LA./Ph.D.

M ee t t h e most b e a u tiful Women and top notch Men on

the world's #1 International DATELINE. Call l -900-3293032 orcall l -900-FAX-DODA. Meet your future mate tonight.

Must be 18 or older. $2.95/ minute. The Best. Sponsor is Aileron Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nev. If line complaints call 1702-598-2764.

Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. # l79,San Francisco,CA 94103.

Successful, we althy, good­ looking marriage-mmded ro­ mantic Amencan comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portu­ guese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated, English-speaking, non-smoking, non-religious

brasileira in LA. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757,Santa Monica, CA 90408 PsYCHOTHERAPY

Emotional and psychological help. Elizabete Alineida MA .

MFCC intern offers psycho­ therapy in English/Portuguese.

Reasonable rates. (31 0) 2817536.

REAL ESTATE

BUYING, SELLING, RENT­ ING- Let me assist you with all

your Real Estate needs. Any­ where in the U.S. through Na­ tional Referral Services. Call Debora Jackson at (703) 5480700. McEnearney Associates Inc. SERVICE OF FERED

Civil Engineer with Master's

Degree offers service. (Substan­ tial knowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521.

Pyramid Press offers: typeset­

ting, copyediting, custom desk­ top publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425.

TRANSLATION & INTERP.

Certified translator, fast and

reliable. Call Sonia (813) 7747458.

J. Henry Phillips, simultaneous

interpreter an� ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (S 12) 834-1941. Fax: (512) 834-0070.

TRAVEL

Washington Tour & Travel

-

Brasil Vigo - International Money Transmitter - Passagens aereas domesticas e interna­ cionais. Enviamos dinheiro para o Brasil ern 24 horas. Traslados dos aeroportos em Washington D.C.. Tours em Washington D.C. - Tel: (703) 527-6977.

SATURDAY 1 9:00 PM - Luiza & Brasil Tropi­ cal at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Band at Cafe Danssa

SUNDAY 2 8:00 PM - Joao Bosco at Roxy 5:00 PM - 10:00 PM - Dori Caymmi, Marcos Santos and more at Brazilian Summer Festi­ val '95 at Ford Amphitheater (818) 566-1111 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos Sambala at Foothill

&

WEDNESDAY 12 9:00PM- Bibi Ferreira & Gracindo Jr. at Lincoln Theatre - 555 Lincoln Road (305) 866-2921

THURSDAY 13 9:30 PM-14 BisatMiami Beach Place - 6954 Collins Ave.- (305) 866-8661 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restau­ rant, 1832 Columbia Rd.- (202) 723-5854

THURSDAY 6 9:00 PM - Carlao Nino's

& guitar at

9:00 PM- Hugo Jojo at 14 Be­ low

9:00 PM - Carlao

& guitar at Nino's

9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

FRIDAY 14 8:30PM-Jo Soares at Gusman Center for Performing Arts - (305) 944-4640 (Ticketmaster) 9:00PM- Max Jr. & Za bumba Band at Zabumba

SATURDAY 15 1:00 PM- 5:00 PM- Beti Rozen reads

FRIDAY 7 8:00 PM - Joao Bosco at Lin­ coln Theater

LOS ANGELES 14 Below- 1348 14th St., Santa

9:00 PM - Max Jr. Band at Zabumba

& Zabumba

SATURDAY 8 9:00 PM - Sambrasil at Za­ bumba 10:00 PM - Renni Flores & Capoeira at Cafe Danssa

SUNDAY 9 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos Sambala at Foothill

&

2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restau­ rant, 1832 Columbia Rd.- (202) 723-5854

50

Monica- (310) 451-5040 Bokaos Club - 8689 Wils hire Beverly Hills- (310) 659-1200 Cafe Danssa -11533 W . Pico Bl. West LA . . (310) 478-7866 Caffe Rom a 350 N. Can o n Dr. Beverly Hil l s - (310) 274-7834 Century Supper Club 10131 Con s tellation Bl.-(310)553-0000 Fais-Do-Do - 5257 W. Adams L.A.- (310) 842-6171 Foothill - 1922 Cherry Ave. Long Beach- (310) 983-9190 LaVe Lee- 12514 Ventura Bl.­ Studio City - (818) 980-8158 Saint Marks-23 Win dwardAve. Venice- (310) 452-2222 Tatou - 233 N. Beverly Dr.­ Beverly Hills - (310) 274-9955 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd Culver City - (310) 841-6525 -

-

from her bilingual (Portuguese-English)

book A Heart Alone in the Land of Darkness at Pimentel's Books and

Records- 1659 Acushnet Ave.- (508) 997-2854

7:00PM-5:00PM-Beti Rozen (see pr e v i o u s entry) at Framingham Public Library- 49 Lexington St. - (508) 879-3570 ext. 203

THURSDAY20 9:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Flavia de Mello & Band at Cafe Danssa 10:00PM- Victory Party - World Cup 1st Anniversary Celebrationwith Lula & The Afro-Brazil Band at Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523

SUNDAY16 7:00PM- Marcos Santos & Samba La at Foothill 9:00 PM -Zeca do Trombone & His Band at Bahia Cabana

9:00 PM Nino's

- Cartao & guitar at

9:00 PM -Marcos Santos at 14 Below

FRIDAY 21 BOSTON 8:00 PM - Djavan at Roxy 9:00 PM - Max Jr. & Zabumba Band at Zabumba

SATURDAY22 12:00NOON-9:00PM -Street Victory Party-World Cup Celebration at Page & Franklin (Downtown)

9:00 PM - Ojavan at Roseland

2:00PM -8:00PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Colum­ bia Rd. - (202) 723-5854

9:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Lula & Afro-B razil at Cafe Danssa

'•'1:�"1;lll'IC1••l•'"'·�•Ii

MONDAY17 2:00PM-5:00 PM - Beti Rozen reads from her bilingual (Portuguese-English) book A Heart Alone in the Land of Darkness at Sheraton Tara Hotel - 1657 Worcester- (508) 879-7200 ext. 2108

SUNDAY23 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Samba La at Foothill- Samba La first anniversary celebration.

WEDNESDAY 26 8:00 PM-Djavan at Continental Hotel (Downtown)

THURSDAY 27

Alberto's - 736 W. Dana St., MtnView, (415) 968-3007 Aioli - 469 Bush Street San Francisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo Ave.-Berkeley (510) 525-5054 Bahia 41 Franklin St. - S. Francisco (415) 626-3306 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market St. - S. Fco. (415) 861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St. S. Francisco (415) 434-3688 The Ferryboat- Embarcadero St, Pier 3, SF, (415) 788-8866 Nino's- 1916 Martin L. King Jr., Berkeley (510) 845-9303 Pasand Lounge - 2284 Shat­ tuckA v., Berk. (51 0) 848-0260 The Ramv- 855 China Basin­ San Franctsco (415) 621-2378 Yoshi's -6030 ClaremontAve. Oakland (51 0) 652-9200

9:00 PM - Cartao & guitar at Nino's 9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

FRIDAY 28

-

NEWS !tom BRAZIL

•

JULY 1995

9:00 PM - Renni Flores Zabumba

at

SATURDAY29 9:00 PM - Sambrasil at Za­ bumba 10:00 PM - Zelao-6 Band at Cafe Danssa

SUNDAY30 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Samba laat Foothill- Samba La's first anniversary celebration.

51

Boston Area Books Uvraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809

Consulate Consulado G. doBrasil (617) 617-542-4000

·mum

Sylvlo P. Leua (617) 924-1882

Food & Products AquiBrazll (617) 787-0758 BrasilBrasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cacha�a (617) 666-5410

GEWG"·"

BraL & Amer. 41- Inst.

(617) 787-7716

MUSIC BraziiCDs (617) 524-5030

Publlcatoons TheBrazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651

;00f111fh1f

Care Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropidlla (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613

Chicago Consulate Consulado G. doBrasil (312) 464-0244

Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683

Los Angeles Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436

,mJUif

Varlg (800) GO VARIG Vasp (310) 364-0160

w·nn�•m1FM Bakarl Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebl Designs (310) 391-6530

·mmaa·h"

Cosmq Auto Parts (213) 259-9818

:mnf

Banco doBrasil (213) 688-2996

'?'9'""

Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Reml VilaReal (818) 280-0061

:tm"'f

Samba (310) 983-9190 SummerBrazil (310) 455-1772

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Brazii-Cai.ChbrorCom. (310) 202-6820 Centro Cultural Gaucho 52

(213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif.

(714) 857-6764 MILA Samba School (310) 391-6098 SambaU -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190

-

,.,,..,,,'9

Henriques - Maintenance (818) 767-5153

H·"&i''fl'�

Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664

•t:m®f

Gllberto Henrlquea (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polldo (714) 848-9200

•;aaugac.un.n'"'"

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(818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties & Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992

Wffi!;!:mpi!IJIW Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139

M1,1·I.l1Ui1"·"W Brazil "R"US (310) 607-9771

PWB'A"·"

Brasil Brasil Cult. Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427

Mfif19t113fW Melojas & Ferraz (310) 360-0901

''"fi'

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2·"1'16"

Paulo Coharte (310) 285-9670 Declo Rangel (310) 828-7454 IngridRod I- Gynec.

(310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430

l!l.miP''mtl'."""fi91 Elizabeth Almeida M.A. (310) 281-7536 Fitima Castro (310) 822-6770 Dr. Jefferson Sli (818) 592-0402

td!J2!tfl"·"F

News from Brazil (213) 255-4953

bRD1iJfB·

Cent. 11 - Solon Pereira (310) 633-0787 Cold. Banker-J. Freitas (818) 304-9562

1@§111f1"f1=W'ffi'

Bossa Nova (310) 657-5070 Brazilian Tropical (714) 720-1522

By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Care Brasil (310) 837-8957 Lulu's Aiibi (310) 479-6007 Pan Handler (714) 970-5826 Rio Grande (818) 376-0202 Yolie's Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0722 Zabumba (310) 841-6525

"'f'·Wmmxmmm•• Brazilian Int. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantins Communic.

(818) 343-4451

1t'19fl1•111f

Around the World Trl. (800) 471-6333 Brazil Air (800) 441-8515 Brazil Tours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H -HotelRepres.

(800) 544-5503 Heliview - Helicopter (805)297-3691

Miami •W!hif

Transbrasil (800) 872-3153 Varig (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277

Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167

r:tma=•·tti·'dh'''·'·H

ABFC - As.Bras. da Flcir.

(407) 354-5200 Cim. Com. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161

.""fi''fl'·

Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200

•ADWf

Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de Sa (305) 262-8212

lffii:J:I@9fl•@l All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Guarana Esteves (305) 345-1540 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718

i"i1'if"f

Dr. Jorge Macedo (305) 271-7311 Dr. �Ia rio Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 776-1412

iMDITflH•hf

Florida Review (305) 374-5235

U1Ef"'f"if

Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-1001 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358 Gula Gula (305) 532-3636

••tW91·1•19"31fW Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 Di�cover Brazil Tours (800) 524-3666 Euroamirica (305) 358-3003 International Tours (800) 822-1318 Luma Travel (305) 374-8635

Monark Travel (305) 374-5855 New Port Tours (305) 3 72-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580

New York New Jersey Luso-Brazilian BookJ (800) 727-LUSO

'1mwz:J•fii•'ih'11'1'fi Brazilian Ch. or Com. (212) 575-9030 Brazilian Com. Bureau (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280

H·"fi'!fU·

Brazilian Gen. Cons.

(212) 757-3080

•mr:•mw• AmazOnia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884

iMDttfl"·"f

TheBrasilians (212) 382-1630 Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 Samba Newsletter (718) 937-0574

;OOf"'f'df

Brasilia (212) 869-9200 Brazi1 2000 (212) 877-7730 Brazilian Pavillion (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 IndigoBlues (212) 221-0033 S.O.II. (212) 243-4940

W1fW9f!'·'9"ri1fW Darb Tour Service (20 I) 313-0996 International Sandny (718) 699-2900 Mystical Destinations (718) 956-1630 Nascente Travel (718) 545-0608 Odyssea Travel Service (212) 826-3019 Santos Dumont Int. (212) 764-5680

Area

Marcos Silva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sui (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil ( 415) 342-8508 Voz do Brazil

Au Iones

(415) 586-2276

San Francisco

Varig (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP

Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100

Auto Repaor Nelson Auto Repair (415) 255-6717 Matts AutoBody (415) 565-3560

:fffi]f

Banco do Brasil (415) 398-4814

M:R®i!f.1"'.J·M Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Dalven Hair Design (415) 433-7646 Neyde's (415) 681-5355

Bike Repaor West Bike (415) 241-9125

Clubs II.A.S.O. (415) 661-2788.

Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106

Computer l\.1icronet (415) 665-1994

Consulate Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170

Dance Instruction Aquarela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Cora�ao (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suor (415) 282-7378

•Imlfl'ffi'f.

Roberto Sales, DDS (510) 451-8315

Food Brazilian Coffee Dist.

(415) 648-5966 Callrornia Produce (415) 586-6200

San Diego •Ji(,]hlf

Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826

Clubs & Assocoatoons Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 222-6911

•'·"·'·''9¥':!"·"• Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401

1ffi!·'"4'';M'f'"ri:W Vigo-California (619) 479-VIGO

HGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511

Instruction Portuguese - A, Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv.

(415) 587-4990

Money Remottance Via Brazil (415) 673-0262 Vi go (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258

Mus1c Fogo na Roupa (510) 635-8406

Mus1cal lnstruments Tamborim & Samba (415) 871-2201

Physocoan Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219

Prontlng M. C. Printing (510) 268-8967

Pubhcatoons Brazil Today (510) 223-5190 News from Brazil (415) 648-5966

Restaur ./Noght Clubs Bahia Cabana (415) 861-4202 Care do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Care Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto doBrasil (415) 626-8727 UttleRio (415) 441-3344 Michel angelo Care (415) 986-4058 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600

Soccer Sunset Soccer Supply ( 415) 753-2666

Translatoon Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Ralmundo Franco (415) 285-8364

Travel Agencoes RioRoma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 Tucanos Travel (415) 454-9961

ashington DC Area •Wihlf

Trans brasil (202) 775-9180 Varig (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277

Banks Banco doBrasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. de S. Paulo (202) 682-1151

Clubs & Assocoatoons Braz. A m . Cult. Inst.

(202) 362-8334 Inst. or Brazil. Business (202) 994-5205

Embassy Embaixada do Brasil (202) 745-2700

Travel Agencoes Intern. Discount Travel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977 NEWS from BRAZIL

- JULY 1995

I �j AD:;.t!�-�E::�-! -:�-:�-CY-

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e Free Consultation Appraisal e Great Referral Network throughout the U.S .A. e SEU AGENTE IMOBIUAR.IO SEMPRE A SUA DISPOsic;A.o

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53

We're going to talk about Saramago like a caress, and so sensuously crafted. for thn;e reasons. His novel, The Gospel But his ability to convey the emotions According to Jesus Christ(Harv estBooks, of love is not the sole reason why $12.95) lias just been issued in paper­ Saramago is a great writer. His charac­ back; his friend and fellow countryman, ters may be enigmatic, but they are also the film director Fernando Lopes, spoke profound, and they do not shy away from with me about him while we drank espres­ confronting one another or their own sos in Vienna a little while ago and the selves irl their search for truth and under­ third reason is that, for a man who is standing. acknowledged throughout Europe as one Towards the end of the Gospel, Jesus, God, and Pastor (the devil) are sitting in of the most important writers ofour time, Saramago is too little known in the United a becalmed boat in the middle of a lake in States. a dense fog. Jesus keeps pressing Him, and so God keeps recitmg a list of mar­ The Gospel According to Jesus Christ follows Baltasar and Blimunda an howill laterdieinthe name of both e Son and the Father, God and Jesus, Year ofthe Death o[RicardoReis, b 72-year-old author has published an and the litany of names and causes goes half-dozen acclaimed novels, still on for pages. And it's told in a gliding, ing to be carried over into English seamless style like this: his complete works include books "Crusades, what are they, and why do have been translated into over 20 an­ You refer to them in the past if they have guages. Saramago has won numero lit­ yet to take place. Remember, I am time, erary prizes; I see his novels on the best for Me all that will happen has happened seller lists in Brazil; and yet when I look already1 all that has happened goes on into Southern California bookstores I'm happemng every day. Tell me more lucky to find one copy of his latest work. the crusades. Well, My son, this The Torrance Public Library, for example, where we now fmd nnrcPh"'" carries neither BaltasarnorRicardoReis, Jerusalem, and other and frankly this is an embarrassment. north and west, will be i - -=- .s.=_-,..,. · -= i u t f the Prize which I believe he will, and ably even this year.

J The Gospel According to Jesus is hardly an alluring title, and of Jesus- with all due respect like a dry subject for a novel basic arameters have long been scrib and the soil worked over were. But Saramago has a gift for (as does his translator, Gio Pontiero), and, if you'll excuse. the erence, Saramago turns water mto The familiar landmarks are heJ:eiiDI• Holy Birth, Joseph plying his carpenter, King Herod's massacre nocent children in Bethlehem, the vart­ ous trials and tribulations of the youn,g Messiah and the emergence of his mi­ raculous powers, and so on.

Like tts predecessors from the Asked to name a PortuofSaramago, the book sparkles and guese Wrl.ter ' most with its creator's accomJ?lished Will throw U II Also, without ever becommg inrli"r:r,.••t Two ear: .

Ec;a the work is pervaded by a sense rial mirth. The humor is subtle de Qu z a nd Fernancto stated, and it has the wryness Pessoa, deserve to oe find in the Brazilian Jorge AIJn.actol.cex-. better known l·n th·as cept that Saramago hems It aP••tnrPII'ht·•r.r than Amado, a man of ntry: but maybe that's with a propensity to become ng too much As .for And wbile Amado can paint ry Portuguese romantic love scene, it often the edge of the comical, ere are Saramago keeps the door installing a spirituillity and '""ll"'"'"' tenderness across the page when together characters who harbor ofmutual affection.

We've seen this rendering of quiet passion between Baltasar and Blimunda as well as between the young Marcenda and Ricardo Reis, and it's a delight, a gift to the reader, to find it here, particularly during the several pages in wliich Jesus is taught the pleasures of love in the arms of Mary of Magdala. The lines are chaste, more or less, but if these passages offend it might be because the writing itself is

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followers of the god I mentioned, who has been slow in coming, the followers on our side will do everything possible to expel them from the places you have traveled and I constantly frequent. You haven't done much to rid this land of the Romans. Don't distract Me, I'm talking about the future. Go on, then. Further­ more you were born, you lived, and you died here. I'm not dead yet. That's irrel­ evant, because as I've just explained to you, for Me what will happen and what has happened are the same thing, and please stop interrupting, otherwise I'll say no more. All right, I'll be quiet. Now then, future generations will refer to this area as the holy places, because you were born, lived, and died here..."

Some readers m a y suspect that Saramago's dispensing of paragraphs and quotation marks will make for a tumultu­ ous ride, but in the fact the opposite is true. Real conversations merge and inter­ act and do not exist in tiny bubbles that over our heads. Figuring out who's in this book is not as difficult as seem. , some readers will prick up what may appear to be unV"'t.,mtPn and accuse the author of rno,�KeJry of the Good Man and Book. this isn't a hatchet job. Even exchange reveals something of left hand comments on the nght versa. The Jesus we fmd in this is a young man awakening to his and forever raising an eyebrow along the way. He has needs and urges just like the rest of us, and ! never does a K en-and-Barbie number on him and Mary Magdalene, a move that would only deaden our sympa­ thies.

Theirs may be the ultimate Holy Fam­ ily, but Joseph is plagued by recurrent rughtmares; and Jesus, too, has horrible dreams, the counterpart to Joseph's, the causes and effects of which pose innu­ merable questions about the transference of guilt and the sins of the father being inherited by the son. Mother Mary, too, her bouts with what are either apparis or hallucinations or ghosts, and her next born, James, can't dtsguise his displays of sibling rivalry.

The story ends where it always ends, with our Lord dangling from a cross in the hot sun. But even here, even in the fmallines which contain a stinging irony as well as images and words that may Saramago is relentless and his Christ u"'""u•, amusing, novel. its subject, tt sceptics into true believers.

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, what about Jose Saramago the man? "Jose Saramago started his career as a writer very late in his life," explains Fernando Lopes. "He had always been connected With publishing; he spent 20 years of his life publishing other writers' books."

Lopes is a Portuguese film director, based m Lisbon, whose recent work, 0 Fio do Horizonte (The Edge of the Hori­ zon), was shown in Vienna during the

film festival I attended there in October, when this interview was recorded.

Although we talked about Lopes' half-dozen films - plus his friendship with such writers as Antonio Tabucch1, his 1966 visit to the United States when he stayed briefly in the home of Jean Renoir, and his next filmic project, an exploration of the village north of Lisbon where he grew up and where his mother still lives-he heart of our casual discus­ sion focused on the extraordinary life and work of the now 72-year-old writer who is among the most acclaimed in both Portugal and Europe.

"Secretly," Lopes continues, "he was writing also." And if Saramago was do­ ing so without calling undue attention to himself, it was because the Salazar dicta­ torship (1932-68) kept a tight rein on freedom of the press. Only after the blood­ less coup of 1974 was there a real chance at individual expression without fear of personal reprisal.

Although Saramago had published his first novel m the 1940s, a second (Manual de Pintura e Caligrafia) did not appear until 1977. Another work, Levantado de Chiio, which the Spanish film director Mario Camus is begmning to make into a movie, was published in 1980.

"Then, two or three years later," re­ counts Lopes, "he published Memorial do Convento, the famous one. Everyone was really surprised to read the book. It was quite a shock to have it. Most of us had known him for a long, long time. I couldn't imagine Saramago writing that book."

It's one of the fmest surrealistic ro­ mances of our time. Baltasar a n d Blimunda, a s it's called i n English begins in Lisbon in 1711, and these are the years of the atrocious Inquisition, when God must be napping. Baltasar, who is 26, returns from battle minus a left hand; he meets Blimunda who is 19, and whose mother is condemned for heresy, pub­ li_cly flogged, and exiled to Angola for e1ght years.

When Baltasar helps a certain Padre Bartolomeu Lourenyo to build a flying machine, the book begins to acquire a mantle of enchantment, and it henceforth hovers in its own ether between reality and dream. The great musician, Domenico Scarlatti, also appears and takes part in this secret proj ect - and the subsequent flight, as briefas it is, buzzing the towers of medieval Lisbon, is as wonderful as anything out of a childhood romance.

Yes, I tell Lopes, it's a fabulous book.

And Saramago - I see from the best seller charts - is quite popular in Brazil.

"Not only," Lopes replies. "He's very popular in Spain and Italy, also in France.

And he's starting to be well known in Germany.

"But mainly in Spain," Lopes contin­ ues, "where he's almost considered a Spanish writer. They want him also."

And now, thanks to a narrow-minded Portuguese minister of culture, they've got him. But more on this shortly.

Baltasar and Blimunda are still flying high: a few years ago the Italian com­ poser Azio Corghi turned Saramago's monumental :work into an opera, which goes by the title of Blimunda.

The opera was produced by La Scala, in Milan, three years ago," Lopes says, "and since then it's been performed in France and Portugal.

"I once tried to convince Saramago to let me produce Baltasar and Blimunda as a film," Lopes tells me, produce, not direct, he emphasizes. "You know Fellini?

Fellini wrote about the book. He loved that book very much. And he said, "Prob­ ably it's the only book I read in the last years I would like to make a film from."

Lopes tried to get in touch with Fellini to see 1f he would indeed want to direct the film. And because Fellini tended to­ wards lavishly made films, Lopes knew it would be an expensive project. "I asked quite a lot of Spanish producers, and Spanish television was very, very inter­ ested.

"So I went to see Saramago at his home in Lisbon," Lopes says; "and, since we know each other well, I said, 'Jose, will you allow me to make connections and conduct all things possible so that we can make a film from your novel?"

And Saramago told him no.

"I don't want to see the film," he said to Lopes. '"When I die you will discuss (the project) with my daughter, and I'll leave some notes saying if anyone wants to make t he film to please contact Fernando.' So..."

We then talked about The Year ofthe Death of Ricardo Reis which, like Baltasar and Blimunda, is available in this country from Harcourt Brace Pub­ lishers.

"I like that book very much," says Lopes. "It's probably the book I prefer from Saramago."

Writing in The Nation last May, nov­ elist and critic Ilan Stavans said this of the work: "I rank it among the best novels I've ever read, a sweet masterpiece set in Lisbon in 1936." Ricardo Reis is the imagina ry alter-ego of the poet Fernando Pessoa (the Iberian Pemnsula's T.S. Eliott, and he returns to Portugal from Brazil shortly after Pessoa's death. Imag­ ine, if you will, stunning conversations between an author's literary creation and the ghost of the author. Like withBaltasar and Blimunda the book is suffused with Old World magic realism, and Saramago is truly in the New World company of Jorge L uis Borges, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and the too-little-known Bra­ zilian, Osman Lins.

"As you have seen in my film, 0 Fio do Horizonte, says Lopes, "there are lots of 'quotations' about Fernando Pessoa and Ricardo Reis. Remember the scene in the morgue? The doctor is performing the autopsy, and his name is Ricardo Lopes, Lopes is my name and Ricardo is sort of a tribute to Ricardo Reis."

I mention to Lopes that the third book of Saramago's available in English is The Goseel According to Jesus Christ.

'Gospel was quite a problem," Lopes replies with a frown, "That's why he left Portugal and lives in Spain.

"There was a very, very terrible poli­ tic (discussion) between Saramago and the Catholic Church," and this came about after Portugal's minister of culture at­ tempted to bar the novel from competing for the European Literature Prize, fearing

that its subject matter- a retelling of the life of Jesus Christ - would cause an uproar at home. Which it did. And then it was published in Spain and, well, it must have been one hell of a fracas with cud­ gels and jawbones wielded left and right.

Saramago accused the minister of culture (and probably others in the gov­ ernment) of censorship, and in turn this broke open another interminable argu­ ment, between Saramago - who is a member of the committee of the Portu­ guese Communist Party - and his de­ tractors who did not fail to remind him about censorship in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Bloc countries.

A weak argument, apparently, because Saramago has always been openly criti­ cal of h1s party where and when he dis­ agreed with it.

But the pettiness in Portugal got to him. "I am leaving," he said, "and I'm going to live in Spain."

At some pomt here I asked, is Saramago allowed to visit the U nited States?

"Well, let's put it frankly," says Lopes. "You know you have to sign that you are not a Communist when you go to the American embassy."

Yes, but?

Lopes didn't know. "Well, he's not a man to travel a lot anyway. He's never been in the United States. He travels around Europe, mainly Spain, Italy France and he went to Brazil severa { times and to Latin America because he was invited. But not the United States."

Lopes adds that it would be impossible for Saramago to deny his Communist affiliations.

"But it would be quite interesting to get him in the States- because you will write about him."

True. I might even write about him if he doesn't come to the States.

"He can be very warm with you if you meet him," Lopes says. "And quite cold if he takes a dislikin� to you. By the way, with his friends he s a really charming and very warm person. And then we dis­ cuss everything. Politics, football; ev­ erything. He has a lot of mterests."

Apparently, you' 11 only find Saramago in Lisbon when he goes to visit his daughter or to attend to his business concerns. As befits the literary magic that he is, Saramago is living on a small volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean.

Which brings us to the Lanzarote diaries.

"He is now publishing, almost every year, a sort of d1ary ," says Lopes though, as they're described to me what they sound like is a cross between one's jour­ nals and one's memoirs. These volumes contain "lots of ideas on literature, poli­ tics and about being old. It's quite inter­ esting about what he says about his age­ the way we lose some control of our­ selves, our bodies. Things he could do," Lopes recalls from the books, "he cannot now. A lot of reflections on life; all the senses of life, even interior life.

Some of the best pages in his diary, probably the best, are the things he writes about his wife, because Pilar is 30 years younger than he is."

I remember a line in the Baltimore Sun, written by an uncredited correspon-

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Saramago household in 1991. "All over the living room are photographs of his second wife, Pilar, the young Spanish journalist he married five years ago."

"He really writes marvelously about his passion for his wife, "Lopes continues, "which one would not expect from a man like Saramago. It, s very . . movmg that t h lS man a as t l t man... Indeed, he confronts his old age with the energy of his passion - and there is a dilemma.He knows that he is older, very much older than she is," and if the natural order of life and death bears itself out, Pilar Saramago will survive her husband by many years.

TheseLanzarote diaries, as Lopes calls them, sound spellbinding, and one hopes, one s ; � r Saramago what they've done for Italo Calvino, a writer in the same intellectual ballpark, and bring these out -without delay -in English.

However, one is not really surprised to learn of Saramago' s grand passion for his wife and his ability to express it so acutely and so lovingly. Reviewi ng the author's previous novel in The New York Times critic Herbert Mitgang wrote this of the ·48-year-old Ricardo Reis: "He falls in love with a 23-year-old woman,. who has a deformed arm... When Ricardo Reis touches the young woman's broken fingers, the author leaves a greater romantic impression than most physical encounters by lesser novelists."

And these tender, heartfelt mo ments are to be found in all of Jose • Saramago's books.

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come looking for her that she had closed her window bec11use it was pow the hour to sing. Awake, north wind, ang come, yOu south, blow upqn lPY!gar'd�, An e.xcerpt from Jose Saram11go's .Th e that the spices thereof may flow O)lt, let my J?�lov�� COine into his garden and eat his pleasant (rujJs; 1fi�n Gospel AccQrding to Jesus Christ together, Je�)ls' .hapd .<) nee 1nore Ot1 the sholJ.lder <)f Je�us was prepared and . showed no surMary, this whore/from Ma�dala ·who dre%sed �is prise when the woman asked him his rtanie as sores an�.i� about to receive htm in lJ.erJ>ed, they went she. ru})bed ointme11t into the .sores Qn b..is foot, in�ide, into the welcome shade of a cle11n, fre�b. rQOffi. which. rested on her lap. lam Jesus he repljed, Her bed was no primitive Inat on the floor(With a Witho11t addipg, ofNazar�th, for b.e had said sb co�rse sheet on top, the sort)esus remember¢<1 from earlier, just as the womaij who live� here wa$ hi� parc;:nts' house, this was ;t r�al .l>eq, aspnce clearly from Magdala, and when he asked her descrjl>e� elsewhere, I have a�orned my be� with. cover� arid eml>rgi9ered sheets of Egyptian Unen,J name, she replied only )vfury. •Having care"" fu�ly examined arid dressed his injured foot, have perfumed my cou.ch With. IJ:lYifb.,.!alges, an� Mary Magdalene tied the bandage With a firm cinn11mop. J,.eading Jesus Jo the.. b.eaJ,tlJ. with. its floo.r , knot That should do, she said.How can I thank of brick; M.'llfY Magdalens: insisted on reJlloying. hi� you, asked Jesus, and for the first time his eyes tuwc 11n<;!.washing him herself. stroking hj� bQdy witb. met hers; eyes black and bright as coals, also her fmgertips and kissing him softly on the chest and like water running over water, veiled with a thighs, ijrst ••. one side, then the . othet; The. delicate sensuality that Jesus found irresistible. The touch of hands and lips made Jesus shiver, tlJ.e nails grazing his skin gave him gooseflesh,Don:t be fright­ woman did not an�wer at once, she looked at . hiJll a� if weighing hini, the boy obviously had ened, she whispered. She dried him and leg him tp tb.e no money, at length she said, R.emember me, bed,Lie down I'll be with you in a moll\ent. Slle drew that is all I ask, and Jesus assured her, I Will a curtain, there was the sound of splashing water, a never forget your kindness, and then, summonpause, perfume filled the air, and Mary reappeared, ing his courage,Nor Will I forget you.. Why do completely naked. Jesus too was naked, lying as she you say that� she asked, smil- r-------, had left him, he thought, This ml!st be right, for to cover the body she h�d mg. Because you are })eautiful. uncovered would give offenSe. Maiy You should have seen me in my youth. You are beautiful as lingered at the side of the bed gaz�d on him with an expression both passion· you are. Her smile fade9, l)o you !mow whatlall\, what I do, ate and tender, and told him, You ll{e so handsome, but to l:>,e j;>erfect you how learn my ljvi.Iig. ldo. You only had to look afme, and you must close your eyes. Jesus hesit(lntly o t s : a meaning of King S olomon's wox:4s, tute. Thllt I know. I sleep with Your thighs are like jewels, your navel men for money. Yes.·· Then, as I sa id, you know everything islikea round goblet filledW1th scc:!ntc;:d about me. That is all I know. wine,your belly is like a heap of wheat " ·'' set about with lilies, Y()UT breasts are The woman sat down beside him, gently stroked his hand, like two fawns that are the twins of a touched his mouth with the tips gazelle, and he understood them even of her fingers, If you really better when Mary lay down beside him and took his hands in hers, and drew want. to .thank me, spend the them to her, and guided thern slowly .over her l>ody, day here with me. I cannot, Why, I have no money to pay you, !hat's no surprise. Please her hair, face, neck, shoulders, her breasts, which he doll.ot niock me. You may not l>elieve me, but gently squeezed, her belly, navel, b.er Jo"\Ver hair, I'd SQol1�r mock a . man with a full purse. It's whet;e he lingered, twining and untwinin� it With his not orily a question of money. What is it, then. fingers, then the curve of her smooth thtghs, and as Jesus fell stlent and turned his face away. She she moved his hands, she repeated in a whisper, Come, discover my body, come discover my body. made no attempt to help him, she could . have askeq, Are you a virgin, but said nothing and Jesus breathed so fast, for one moment he thought he would faint when her hands, the . left hand on his waited. The sijence was so great, only their hearts could be heard beating, his louder and forehead, the right hand on his ankles, began ca' faster hers 'restless and agitated. Jesus said, ressing him, slowly coming together, meeting in the Your hair reminds me of a flock of goats middle, then starting all over again. You've learned descending the mountain slopes of Gilead. nothing, begone with you, Pastor had told him, and The woman smiled but said nothing. Then who knows, perhaps he meant to say that Jesus had Jesus said, Your eyes are like the J?OOls of not learned to cherish life. Now M!1fY Magdalene Heshbon bY. the Gate of Bath-Rabtm. The instructed him, Discover my body, and she said it WQman cSmtled agqin but still said nothing. again, but in a different way, changing one word, Then,. Jesus slowly turned to look at her and Discover your body, and there it was, tense, taut, said, I have never been with a woman. Mary roused, and she, naked and magnificent, was above him and saying, There is nothing to fear, do not held his hands, This is how everyone has to begip, men who b.ave never known a woman, move, leave this to me. Then he felt part of him, this women who' have never known a man, until the organ, disappearing inside her, a ring of frre around day comes for the one who knows to teach the it, coming and going, a shudder passed through him, one who does not. Do you wish to teach me. So like a wriggling fish slipping free with a shout, surely tb.at you may thank me a second time, In this impossible, fish do not shout, no, it was he, Jesus, crying out as Mary slumped over his body with a way,I will never stop thanking you.Andlwill never stop teaching you, Mary got to her feet, moan and absorbed his cry with her lips, with a went to .lock the gate, but only after hanging a hungry kiss that sent a second, unending shudder sign outside, to tell any clients who might through him.

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8Y.% sales tax. All Funds payable in U.S. Dollars. For international orders, please call for shipping.

This single-cassette series was created by leading con­ sultantsto help companies "go worldwide." Discover every­ thing from negotiating tactics to the best way of presenting your business card. Some top­ ics presented: • Initial Contact • Getting Things Done • Negotiating • Reaching Agreements • Dress and Manners • Social Contact & Entertainment •Image Enhancers &Taboos Choose Jrom: Auslralia France Greal Brilain Indonesia Korea Mexico Russia Thailand

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 China 0 Germany 0 Spain 0 Japan 0 Malaysia 0 Philippines 0 Singapore 0 Uniled Slales

$14.95

Select your areas of Interest, each pro. only +

$2.50 per volumeS & H, or maximum $10.00 lor 4 or more programs