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4 BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1556
A Brazilian born in 1945 didn't expect to live past 39. For those born in 1950 the odds had improved just a little: 43 years. One decade later, however, this number had jumped to 60 years and today a Brazilian baby has a good chance to become a 70-year-old man or woman. This dramatic increase in life expectancy together with the reduction of the average family from six children to two in a 40-year span have entirely changed the country's
8
demographics and the population pyr mid is not as broad at the base and a narrow at the top as it used to be. While in 1950 with a 50-millio population, 4.2% were elderly, toda 8% of a population of 155 million ar over 60. Throughout this graying prow cess most Brazilians seem to have kept a self-image as an eternal youngstet and continued seeing Brazil as the country of the future. In many ways the nation has become the country of the past. This new reality is creating more than a case of a hurt self-esteem, it's provoking panic at the public and private institutions that are not prepared to take in the older generation and its
CONTENTS
35
16
Travel
Nation
Olympics
We've never won so many medals
22 Internet
Web surfers get organized
24 Music Tour
Excuse-me, Sir! Here comes Joao Bosco
29 Guimardes Rosa's Sarapalha
Gray-haired Brazil and the youth myth
18
challenges may it be increased medical bills, housing for the elderly without resources or pension benefits. On a rosier side, the present elderly have much to celebrate. The majority of those living in the big cities own their homes, their retirement payment is not bad, and with time and money to spare they are travelling, going back to school, learning to deal with computers and giving themselves a second or third chance in life and in love. R.M.
Short story
Cover
The revolution of the landless
http://www.brazzil.com
Espirito Santo? It has its charm Cover by Aylan Mello
DEPARTMENTS 6 Rapidinhas 14 Letters 45 Brazilian Notas 46 The Cultural Pulse 47 Por al 49 Classifieds 50 U.S.A. Calendar 52 That's Brazilian
39 Concert
Geraldo Azevedo, a life with music
41 Music. A Carlinhos Brown you've never heard before
54 Special
Collor de Mello four years after the fall TIME TO RENEW?
Send mail to: P.O. Box 42536 - Los Angeles, CA 90050-053 • Sorry, we don't send Ads/Editorial: (213) 255-8062 - Subscri .: (213) 255-4953 reminders. Look at the label to know when your Fax: (213) 257-3487 - WEB page: http://www.brazzil.com subscription ends. E-mail: brazzil@brazzil.com & brazilnews@aol.com Publisher and Editor: Rodney Mello / Editorial Assistant: Graciela Castellanos / Entertainment Editors: Sam & Harriet Robbins / Book Review: Bondo Wyszpolski / Music Editor: Bruce Gilman / Representatives: MIAMI : Nosso Guia (305) 972-3427 - WASHINGTON, DC: Wilson Velloso (Correspondent) (301) 585-6549 - BRAZIL: Celso Sawaia (011)885-9288 E-mail: csawaiaebr.homeshopping.com.br BRAZZIL is published monthly by Brazzil -2039 N. Ave. 52, Los Angeles, CA, 90042-1024. Application to mail at Periodicals Postage rate is pending at Los Angeles, CA. Single copy sold for $2. One year subscription for 12 issues is $3 (three dollars) in the U.S., $15 in Canada and Mexico, and $18 (surface mail) in all other countries. No back issues sold. Allow 5 to 7 weeks to receive your first issue. You may quote from or reprint any of the contents with proper copyright credit. Editorial submissions are welcome. Include a SASE (self addressed and stamped envelope) if you want your material mailed back. Brazzi/assumes no responsibility for any claims made by its advertisers.
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5
rinniniNs l\I Il lull II ti 1_, Around the busk Carioca (native from Rio singer Daniela Araujo, 20, was lost in Naxos on the Greek coast when a tall man in bermudas offered to help. She didn't like it though when he became a little too cozy taking her hands between his and praising Brazil when she said she was Brazilian. "I knew your pretty country when I was President of the United States," he commented. Fresh and liar to boot, Daniela thought to herself. The old man was already leaving when it dawned upon her that he was George Bush. In a - hurry she thena took a picture. "Nobody would believe me otherwise," she said. Back in Brazil, the singer commented, "When he met me the guy seemed a dirty old man and a little crazy, but then I sort of liked him."
Brazilian papabile The newest member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters) might also be the next Pope. Cardinal Lucas Moreira Neves, president of the Conferencia Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (Brazil's National Conference of Bishops) was elected with 32 votes (there were five blank votes and two members didn't vote) to occupy seat no. 2 left open by the death of writer Abgar Renault. Immortal Neves has been named by the Washington Post, the London Times, and the Italian Corriere Dela Sera, among other publications, as being a strong candidate for the Holy See. Originally from the small town of So Joao del Rey (expresident Tancredo Neves 6
TV
Naked assets The contract's clause was very clear: no nude scenes. But TV Manchete's director Walter Avancini went ahead anyway and asked model-turned-actress Adriane Galisteu, 23, to bare her breasts in Xica do Silva. the upcoming madefor-TV mini-series, right in the very first scene. Galisteu, who can't say no to a lustful lens, went a step further and ended up taking the traditional totally-in-the-buff bath in the waterfall, a common plot to save novelas (soap operas) with sagging ratings or, in this case, a TV network nobody watches. Adriane, who became famous for being the girlfriend of popular four-time Formula 1 champion Ayrton Senna at the time of his death in 1994, has managed to convert her fame into a multipath career, writing a best-seller book, posing in the nude for $ 1 million for Brazilian Playboy, endorsing products. and now embarking on an acting career. Clara. the character she plays — she is the foster sister of Xica da Silva, the black heroine from the title — was added to the show for marketing reasons. She gets gang raped at the start of the mini-series which justifies her deranged behavior making her wander through the fields, talk little and walk bare-breasted covered only by white transparent lingerie. "All for the art," was the actress's reaction to the need of also abandoning depilation for the time being.
pa= Yankee terror Mistreatment of foreigners in US consulates all over the world is nothing new. The silence of consular workers when faced with complaints is no novelty either. To make a point, after trying in vain to get an audience with Edwin Beffel, the American consul in Rio, Celso Fontenelle, president of Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (0AB) — Brazil's national bar association — sent a letter to American President Bill Clinton. That was enough to brew a domestic storm when the letter was made public. The document cites several cases of people being humiliated by the Yankee uncivil servants. Among them, sociologist
Antonio Carlos Alkmim, who is finishing a doctorate at the University of Michigan, and who was denied a visa and removed by force by two marines when he asked to talk to someone in charge. Painter Bonifacio Gomes da Costa, who had been invited to exhibit his paintings in Miami was called a liar. When the worker said she was going to do him a favor by granting the visa, Costa declined the kindness. Elaine Barreiros, a Rio travel agent, compares the American consulate to the emergency room of Hospital Miguel Couto, Rio's main public hospital: "People get cold sweats. It's the same widespread uneasiness."
was also born there) in Minas Gerais, the Bahia's cardinal, dismisses the thought of papacy: "This rumor is in bad taste. His Holiness will still live many years in order to continue his work."
Can you spare a billion? Brazil made the latest Forbes' list of the 500 wealthiest people on the planet - ten times. That's double the number of Canadians and three times more than the Argentineans on the roll. Among those Brazilians with at least $1 billion, Antonio Ermirio de Moraes and his family, who have built a fortune on cement, paper and aluminum, continue to shine with an estimated wealth of $5.1 billion. There are only 39 other billionaires in the world worth $5 billion or more, starting with Bill Gates and his 18 billion. Here are the Brazilian Midas and their fortunes in billions of dollars: 1 - Antonio Ermirio de Moraes - 5.1 2 - Julio Bozano - 2.5 3 - Roberto Marinho - 2.1 4 - Camargo Family - 2 5 - Roberto & Gabriel Andrade - 1.2 6 - Abilio Diniz - 1.2 (first. time on the list) 7 - L,uiz Alberto Garcia 1.2 (first time on the list) 8 - Leon Feffer -1.1 9 - Larragoiti Family- 1.1 10 - Norberto Odebrecht
Explosive, malentenduii "It looks like a phone," , said Brazilian lawyer'e Jamil Abdelrazak
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Abdala Abdo, 31, traveling in first class, to the question of the flight attendant.who wanted to know which was his luggage, in the overhead compartment, when the plane was ready to take off from Chicago's O'Hare airport. To the United Airlines attendant it sounded like, It looks like a bomb." It was July 25. The TWA plane explosion and the Atlanta bombing were still very fresh in everybody's mind and no protest from Abdo „ convinced the attendant that it was all a misunderstanding. In came the pilot, and then the police. To complicate things the lawyerhad been walking and doin light exercises while waiting in the airport. Together with his Arab last name that made him even more of a suspect. The lawyer was taken to the airport's police station and left in a cold cell from 6 PM to midnight. Gravely ill, he had to be taken to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Only then, did the police start to realize that they had made a mistake. Notwithstanding. Abdo had to pay $100 in bail plus the $2,500 ICU bill. As for United, he says, "They've lost a first-class client."
Beware the US crocs Brazilian boy Alexandre Teixeira, 7, from Sao Paulo, was almost eaten by an alligator last July 13. He was vacationing with his parents not in the Amazon jungle or Mato Grosso's Pantanal but a mere 50 km from Miami. Alexandre fell from his bicycle and slid into the
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Tiririca — whose root iiriri means to drag in Tupi, one of the languages of the Brazilian Indians — is a hard-to-get-ridof weed common in cultivated fields in Brazil. To eradicate the Cyperus rotundus is a mission close to impossible since its roots spread fast forming bulbs that can start new plants. In Brazil, to be tiririca is slang for `to be furious' too. That Tiririca (Francisco Everardo Oliveira da Silva, 31) is also the name of the biggest musical sensation in the country is more than appropriate. His "Florentina" took over the airwaves and in two months, according to Sony Music, sold more than 200,000 Copies. The Cearense (from Ceara state) toothless clown who refuses to get new teeth so he "won't lose his identity" had been a big hit with the children with catchy irreverent tunes filled with double entendres. Now he was also turned into a cause célèbre and an instant bestseller among adults since Carioca (from Rio) judge Flavia Viveiros de Castro ordered that the disc containing "Veja os Cabelos Dela" (Look at Her Hair) be taken off stores' shelves. Viveiros de Castro accuses the composition of being racist. The judge's action has polarized the country. Many intellectuals, though they hate Tiririca's work have come to his rescue reminding us that some of Brazil's classic tunes have also made fun of blacks. Lamartine Babo's, Carnaval hit song since 1932, for example, says "0 tell cabelo nab nega, nao pega.
porque es inulaw no cor. Inas coino a cor mania query tell ainor "( Your hair doesn't
deny it, mulatto girl, because your color is mulatto, but since color doesn't catch, mulatto girl, mulatto girl I want your love). Here are the polemic lyrics, that the author says were inspired by his own black wife, singer Rogeria Marcia. Veja os Cabelos Dela Veja, veja, veja Os cabelos dela Parece Bombril De ariar panela Quando ela passa Me chama a atencao Nlas seus cabelos Nao tern jeito nao A sua catinga Quase me desmaiou Olha eu nao agiiento O grande seu fedor Veja, veja, veja Os cabelos dela Parece Bombril De ariar panela Eu ja mandei Ela se lavar Mas ela teimou E nao quis me escutar Essa nega fede Fede de lascar Bicha fedorenta Fede mais que um gamba
Look at Her Hair Look, look, look At her hair It seems like a Brillo pad For scouring pans When she passes She catches my e,),. e But her hair Is hopeless Her stench All but made me faint Look, I can' t stand Her big stink Look, look, look At her hair It seems like a Brillo pad For scouring pans I've already ordered her To take a bath But she was stubborn And didn't want to listen to me This Negress stinks Stinks like hell Stinky shrew She stinks more than a skunk
Everglades National Park's swamp. He was attacked by an alligator tnississipiensis and only the prompt action of his parents prevented the worst from happening. , Helio and Maria Odete Teixeira jumped in the water. While the father " forced the animal's mandibles open the mother pulled her son from the anilmal's mouth. There was a moment of panic when the b yo and the father submerged " with the crocodile. Alexandre was taken to the Miami's Children Hospital, with twobroken vertebrae and a hemorrhaging consolung. ion toItkt nwoas w hat this was the first such accident since 1947. All is well now and little Alexandre even went back to Florida at thetki invitation of Disney And he learned his lesson. stay in Brazil if you don't want to ,be eaten alive.
gadly sneeze hanks to the unfailing Carioca (from Rio) humor this winter's cold has been baptized with a memorable though a little morbid name. This year's cold attack was named Suzana. Suzana Marcolina da ilva, 28, was the woman round dead on the side of former president Fernando Collor de Mello's treasurer Paulo Cesar Faria's dead body. Police and preliminary investigations have concluded that Suzana murdered PC and then killed herself. To those who ask why the cold is called Suzana, the Carioca answers: "Because it takes anyone to bed." This year's strong virosis leaves people practically dead for a week or more.
..e century, Brazilian was mere 33.7 In the 4 r a two generations this numberse °f has dramatically increased, doubling ..„to!66.5 years. From 1945 to 1960, ectancy in the country life 6.9 years. At the same irlio 3/4 s a drastic reduction with women today children instead d just 30 years ts have robbed age as a untry. -
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 996
I
t's time for a change of course. Over the last few decades, Brazil has been so busy repeating to itself and to the world that it is a country of the future and a nation of youngsters that it didn't notice the gray hairs multiplying on millions of its citizens' heads. So many gray heads that today a better description of Brazil would be a country of "oldsters." According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) latest figures, there is no other nation in the world, among those more populous and developed, with such a large proportion of elderly. In 1950, Brazil had a population of 50 million, of which 2.1 million (4.2%) were elderly. Nowadays, 12 million Brazilians (7.8%) are 60 years old or older in a population of 155 million. United Nations projections reveal that in the year 2025 Brazil will have 250 million people, of which 31.8 million (12.7%) will be 60 or older. The Brazilian Health Ministry's estimates see all this white hair increasing at an even faster pace. Their figures show 33 million oldsters, or 15% of the population by the year 2020. By comparison, the United States had 18.5 million elderly in 1950, With a projected increase to 67.3 million by 2025. While the US will experience a 363.8% increase of its older population in 75 years, Brazil's increase will amount to 1,514.3% (see table). Only Mexico (with a 1,346.2% increase) and Nigeria (1,230.8%) come close to the Brazilian explosion of gray hair. China (668.5%), India (429.3%), and Japan (517.2%) will all have a significantly smaller percentage increase. In 20 years Brazil should have the sixth largest elderly population in the world. The largest concentration of older people is in the Southeast, where 5.14% of the population is 65 or older. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the champion of old age, the average age is 26. Roraima state has the lowest percentage of old people (2.09%), and the lowest average age (15.9) is in Amapa. Migration of youngsters in search ofjob opportunities has contributed to the concentration of older people in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, in • the extreme South, and Paraiba in the Northeast, where the percentage of elderly people (6.51%) is the highest in the country. Among all age groups in Brazil, the elderly, with an annual increase of 4.04%, is growing at the fastest pace. On the other hand, the tier of children 14-years-old and younger has been decreasing 0.69% a year. This new makeup of the Brazilian population is due primarily to a drastic reduction of birth rates and an increase in life expectancy. Symptomatically, in the lower classes the most-used contraceptive is not the pill but sterilization through tubal ligation. Close to 30% of child-bearing-age women in the Northeast have been sterilized, while only 25% use the pill. At the turn of the century, life expectancy in BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Brazil was 3.7 years. In 1948 this number had increased to 0 years. Forty years ago, a 60-yearold Brazilian could expect to live an average of only five more years, From 1945 to 1960, Brazilians increased their life expectancy by 16.9 years. Nowadays, a 60-year-old can expect to live 18 more years. Infecto-contagious diseases, which accounted for 40% of all deaths in the country in 1950, are now responsille for only 10% of the mortality rate. On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases account for 40% of Brazilian deaths nowadays, compared to only 12% in 1950. That's why in 1995 the 11.5 million Brazilians over 60 consumed 20.8% of all the resources destined to public hospitals. In 1950, Americans could expect to live 25 years more than a Brazilian. This difference had fallen to less than 10 years in 1993 and by the year 2025 the gap should be only four years. ELDERLY AND SICK The average size of a family in Brazil has fallen from 5.8 children in 1970 to 2.7 in 1991. Similar to what happens in developed countries, the Brazilian demographic pyramid has been changing in such a way that its y uthful base shrinks while its elderly top widens. 1his is an unwelcome reality for a country that is still trying to provide adequate education and health care for its younger population. Brazil is completely unprepared to deal with an elderly pop lation requiring costly medical treatment and pen ions. "The treat ent of the elderly requires much more money t an that of patients from other age groups," says psychiatrist Renato Veras, 46, director of Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (Open University for the Third Age) from Universidade do Estado do io de Janeiro (UERJ). "A child with measles gets c red or might die in seven days. But an old person with a cardiovascular disease can have its case rag for 25 years." Veras, one of the biggest authorities on gerontology in Braz.1, has authored the thesis Pais Jovem de Cabelos Br ncos (Young Country of Gray Hair). The academic study, published as a book, has become requi ed reading for those interested in studying the Brazilian elderly. The work has shed light on one of the cruelest sides of growing old in Brazil: the loneliness of the elderly, especially among women. More than 60% of the oldsters are by themselves. There are 46 widows, seven divorced, and nine never mairied for every 100 women 60 years or older. Loneliness is much less of a problem on the male side. For every 100 men in the same age group, 78 are Married. Pais Jovem de Cabelos Brancos also has some good news: 82% of the Brazilian elderly don't have health problems. Those who do, however, use a disproportionate share of the public resources to care for them. Health care for the aged costs three 9
to four times more than for other age groups. "We don't have enough money to properly treat the multiple diseases ofthe elderly," says Veras. "Our health system is totally wrong. The old person here gets in Sexual appe through a hospital's door considered and ends up in an asylum." or very go He notes that while the US for those ov has been saving money for Research at tirsive the elderly since 1930, BraTerceira da Id zil is only now waking up to the problem. vi Lian ste,lisillnglu s-m atutorain si Data from the 1991 Census for Rio de Janeiro Kiss on the month show that even though Dancing The partner's vote people 65 or older repreBathing together sent 5.9% of the populaMan's perfume tion, they have a disproRomantic movie portionate number of disHairy chest eases, with 28% of the Romantic chat. paraplegia cases, 29% of Skin color deafness conditions, and Big penis 32% of the cases of visual Gray bait deficiency. And in Sao Erotic magazine Paulo, according to an Escola Paulista de For men.' ,Woman's smell Medicina (Paulista School Contact with skin of Medicine) study, 30% of Thick lips the patients in public hosBathing togethe pitals are elderly, even Mouth'' though they represent only Woman's pet-fur:ft 8% of sao Paulo's populaLegs tion. Since their treatment 'Going to the is twice as expensive as that Kiss on the mc rendered to children, the Small breasts aged end up consuming Tip of the brea 45% of all the money spent Erotic magazines Long hair by the state Health DepartPanties ment. Big breasts Two scandals in the last few months involving dozBest place fo ens of deaths have helped bring the aged's predicaFor women ment to the forefront of the Motel political agenda. First, 55 Bus patients undergoing hemoLawn dialysis at the Clinica de On a horse Caruaru in the state of On an island In a desert Pernambuco died when contaminated water was For men used in the hemodialysis Kitchen sink machines. Then, the counBathrooms try was shocked to learn Ships that in two months' time, 94 elderly patients at the Clinica Santa Genoveva in Rio had died for lack of hygiene and proper treatment. Despite all the public clamor, in the end the responsible par10
ties in both caseOwere let go with just a slap on the wrist. OF4GERONTOLOGISTS AND ' GERIATRITIANS VW-it In an interview with the daily Folha de Seio Paulo, the president of the Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology), sao Paulo section, Dr. Ricardo Shoiti Komatsu, denounced the chaotic predicament of the aged: "There is nothing being done about the population growing old. We need to develop an old-age citizenry as it exists in older countries. Right now all we can see is the tip of the iceberg. A great number of old people with some disease might be locked in their houses without treatment." He points out that only diseases that cause pain are treated and reminds us that illnesses like depression, which is very common among the elderly, are simply ignored. Brazil still has a long way to go to meet the needs of its old population. Only this year has Gerontology became a compulsory course in medical schools, and among the 59,561 specialized doctors and members of the Sociedade Medica Brasileira there are just 228 geriatricians. In all of Brazil there aren't more than 360 geriatricians3/4and this is a big improvement when compared to the paltry 100 that treated the elderly just 10 years ago. Thanks to prosecutor Jose Estevam da Silva, Sao Paulo has one of the few programs in the country that inspect rest homes and asylums for the elderly. Since 1994, the Grupo de Assistencia e Protecao ao Idoso (GAP! 3/4Group of Assistance and Protection to the Elderly) has conducted more than 200 inspections in concert with the Military Police and the Center of Sanitary Vigilance, resulting in the closure of at least 33 locations that were unfit to care for the elderly. As a result of this work, the Hospital Geriatric° e de Convalescenca D. Pedro II, part of the municipal hospital Santa Casa de Sao Paulo, has become a model for the treatment of the aged. The facility has a doctor on duty 24 hours a day, and every two months each of the nearly 700 patients is case-reviewed by a doctor. The Santa Casa doctors going through residency also have to spend a training period in the geriatric hospital. On a more somber note, a recent study by the Santa Casa doctors revealed that 50% of the 174 people who were admitted to the hospital in 1994 died one year or less after their admission. Of those, 19% were in the institution less than one month. The study concluded that some of the deaths, mainly those caused by depression and loneliness, might have been avoided if the state had alternative programs that would keep the elderly in their homes or in day care centers. Talking to the daily newspaper 0 Estado de Silo Paulo, Silva told horror stories unveiled by the inspections of elderly facilities. Officials found deteriorated food, men and women sharing the same room, physical abuse, and even solitary confinement. He recalled the situation when the inspections began: "A total BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
of 99% of the houses had no license." THE PENSION QUESTION It was back in 1948 that the government decided Brazilians could retire after 35 years of work. But with the dramatic increase in life expectancy and the fact that many workers start their first job as young as 13, a large contingent of the population is retiring before they reach 50. Worried about not having enough money to pay all these retirees, Palacio do Planalto (the presidential office) prepared a laundry list of changes it wanted made. Among the alterations sought by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso was fixing the age of 65 as the minimum age for retirement, regardless of the time spent at the job. He also wanted to eliminate the clause that allows women to retire five years earlier than men. After months of deliberation, Congress decided not to change these rules. Another problem is the special retirement plans for judges and journalists, among others, who are able to work from 5 to 15 years less than the rest of the population. Ideally, a social security system should have five workers paying contributions for every retiree collecting benefits. That was the case in Brazil in the 1970s. When this ratio falls to less than 3 to 1 (three workers to one retiree), it is cause for alarm. In Brazil today, there are only 2.3 workers for every retiree receiving a pension, and the average pension is a meager $125. To complicate matters, only 30 million of the more than 60 million able-to-work Brazilians contribute to Social Security. While Brazil's population doubled in the last 30 years, the number of retirees grew eleven fold, and the future looks even more dismal. Projections estimate 1.1 persons working for each retiree by the year 2030. In 1995, the Previdencia Social (Social Security) collected only $30 billion from workers, not enough to pay three million new retirees added to the existing pool of 15.2 million. To pay everybody, the government department had to borrow $3.5 billion! In July, President Henrique Cardoso signed the Estatuto do Idoso (Senior Citizens' Statute), an executive order regulating Law 8,842, which created the Politica Nacional do Idoso (Senior Citizen's National Policy). One of the measures mandated by the law is to increase the number of geriatricians and gerontologists in the country. At the huge hospital school Hospital das Clinicas in Sao Paulo, for example, there are only ten positions for geriatrics residency. The statute also orders the creation of day-care centers, rest homes, and community centers where the elderly BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
might spend their days in recreational activities, as an alternative to the now widespread asylum care. In 1995, 271,000 elderly Brazilians were attended to by the Department of Social Assistance of the federal government. For 1996 the goal is to almost double this figure to 408,000. Another objective ofthe new law is to secure a minimum salary of $110 for every Brazilian over 70 who doesn't make more than $30 a month. If everything works as planned, 315,000 elderly should be enjoying this benefit by the end of the year. Although at first glance insignificant, this government pension can make a big difference in small cities with a large concentration of elderly people. In Arara, a town with a population of 10,000 in the state of Paraiba, for example, this monthly salary has become its main source _ of revenue: $200,000 against the $100,000 it receives from the federal government its share as a municipality. VIEILLESSE DOREE Despite the gloomy picture painted above, there is also a much rosier side to the old-age predicament in Brazil. The present generation of oldsters has a lot to cheer about. A recent study in 10 metropolitan areas conducted by SEADE (Sistema Estadual de Analise de Dados - State System of Data Analysis) showed that 70% of senior citizens at least own a house. Another research project in the Greater Sao Paulo area revealed that families whose head of household is 60 years old or older have a monthly percapita income of close to $400. Families headed by men up to 44 years old, in comparison, make an av11
erage $350 a month. InterScience, a data consulting company, has concluded that Brazilians over 50 have a collective annual income of $33 billion, $22 billion of which is earned by the lower-earning classes. A dramatic new outlook on inheritance has also helped to enrich the elderly. Until recently, Brazilian children had an undisputed and sacred right to the wealth their parents had amassed during their lives. To avoid ' family feuds, some parents would deed their properties while still in their prime and suffer a life of deprivation until their death. More and more of these oldsters, however, are now selling what they have to make their final years a little easier. Many children refuse to accept this, and legal actions to prevent the parents from selling their property have multiplied. This notion that parents have an obligation to leave an inheritance is ingrained in the Brazilian legislation that forbids men over 60 and women over 50 to engage in community-property marriages. People can only donate half of their wealth, and the other half that belongs to the heir cannot be given away, not even by will. The sheer number of elderly and all their newly achieved affluence hasn't been overlooked by advertisers and manufacturers. Minelli, a traditional apparel manufacturer, has created a special department to study the tastes of the older folks. Cosmetic maker Natura's leading line of products is Chronus, a series of items made especially for older consumers. Its moisturizing cream alone has become a $16 million-a-year success story. Antarctica a beer manufacturer; Pepsi; and Bradesco the largest private bank in Brazil, have all used elderly models to advertise their products on TV and in printed media. And DuLoren, a brash lingerie maker, found that their clients between 45 and 65 wanted more elaborate panties and bras, prompting them to create new intimate apparel with more colors and laces. In two years, they had to quadruple their line for the older set. In So Paulo, gerontologist Maria Veronica Carneiro, 53, director of Centro de Valorizacao da Terceira Idade (Center for the Valorization of 12
The Graying of Copacabana According to Renato Veras, an expert in old age, 22% of the population of Copacabana, the beachfront neighborhood adjacent to Ipanema, is 60 years old or older. This would make it the neighborhood with the biggest concentration of elderly people in Brazil. Curiously, it was here that the tanga (string bikini), that symbol of laissez faire and brashness, was invented. That the so-called Princesinha do Mar (Little Princess of the Sea) is a magnet for the older population is no secret. On sunny days, the calcadeio (large sidewalk) that borders the beach is full of gray- and whitehaired people, in groups or by themselves, chatting or walking their dogs. Many came from other neighborhoods or other states and bought property close to the beach, and it's common for them to make new friends on these daily walking excursions. Rio's daily Jornal do Brasil cites Gloria Monteiro Martins, 76, who has lived in Copacabana for 25 years, as saying: "I cried for ten years after my husband died. So much so that I didn't have the time to love somebody else. I am happy here now. Old people can do whatever they please and nobody cares a hoot. Here is the paradise of the third age." Martins used to live in Madureira, a Rio suburb, before buying her apartment in Copacabana. fi Some American groups have shown interest in building apartment-hotels in Rio similar to those that exist in Miami, Florida. Rio has already become the Brazilian Miami in attracting the elderly to its sunny and laid-back beachfront lifestyle. But they should take heed of what happened to other pioneer projects like the one started in So Paulo by geriatrician Norton Sayeg. He conceived of an old-age-friendly building with special ramps and elevators for wheelchairs and another amenities for the elderly and thought he had a winner. Sayeg, however, wasn't able to sell so much as one unit. Apparently, the big handicap was presenting the undertaking as a venture for the elderly. Similar projects in Miami, Florida, avoided this pitfall and became very successful.
Where the elderly will be The World Health Organization's projected population increases for elderly (60 and older) in the more populous countries:
Brazil Mexico Nigeria Indonesia China Bangladesh Pakistan Japan India United States
1950 2025 in millions
I ncrease in %
1.1
1,514.3 1,346.2 1.230.8 821.1 668.5 646.2 548.5 517.2 419.3 363.8
1.3 1.3 3.8 41.5 1.6 3.3 6.4 31.9 18.5
31.8 17.5 16.5 31.2 284.1 16.8 18.1 33.1 146.2 67.3
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
the Third Age) has created a modeling agency They have theie'4wn colleges, such as Rio's specifically for the elderly. In an interview with Universidade' berth- da Terceira Idade, and they the variety weekly magazine Manchete, Carneiro have been in ding exercise academies and even pointed out, "When these girls model clothing I computer lit cy classes. The Computer Lab of don't want people saying, 'How cute! How Museu da Re iiblica in Rio, for example, has a waiting list 0 500 oldsters who want to learn the cuddly!', but 'What an appetizing old lady.' At Rio's Universidade Aberta da Terceira basics of corn uting and how to surf the Internet. The cours here, as in other schools such as Idade , one of the most-sought courses is "Sexuality." Sexologist and course instructor Arnaldo Mister Byte d Associados Herz de Informatica, are not free d might cost anywhere from $40 to Risman, 31, is always answering questions $150 per unit. For the most about how to use condoms or adpart, the elderly students don't dressing doubts about the utilization have computers at home, but of penile prostheses. Risman perthey want to be able to underformed a study with the students of stand what their children and Universidade Aberta and found out grandchildren have been dothat 73% of men and 38% of women ing continue an active sex life past their The elderly have also been 60th birthday. He also discovered actively participating in travel that 74% of men and women practice exchange programs, once the masturbation with regularity. (See An ad for selling beer. preserve of young students. box) ram is Experirnento, in sao Paulo, One such pro It was in 1989 that state assemblyman Sergio 93 has offered people 60 and over which since 1 Cabral Filho created in Rio the Clube da Maior the opportuni to live overseas at a family's house Idade (The Coming of Age Club) for senior for an extend period of time. Close to 200 people citizens. The 20,000-plus-member club prohave already enefited from the offering. And a motes parties, trips, and city tours. Older people recent beaut contest in Sao Paulo called Miss have also reinvigorated such sectors as domesTerceira Idad (Miss Third Age) has enticed eldtic and foreign tourism. They've been infiltraterly ladies w th such prizes as a trip to the US, ing many areas previously reserved for the • plastic surge ,or a diamond ring. youngster.
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ACCIDENTED TOURIST I read about William Moy's trip to Brazil ("I survived Brazil") and I have to tell you. First of all I am Brazilian. Moy wrote about all the bad things that happened to him and his friend in Brazil. If you go to Rio or Sao Paulo I am not surprised about everything that happened. Tourists want to know famous places, but to really understand a country we need to go where it is different. To explore a foreign land you need to get away from the famous. I am from the south of Brazil and I assure you that when I was younger (things might have changed a little) I used to walk by myself at 4:00 AM and I never saw anything that Moy says he saw. The place I am talking about is Florianopolis, a little island with 42 beaches to choose from. You still can find very quiet and secluded beaches there. And, of course, beautiful women. The problem is tourists want comfort and only the best. Anyway, Sao Paulo and Rio aren't any worse than New York or Chicago. Adriana Harper Coquitlam, BC, Canada MY KIND OF COUNTRY Thank you for such an informative and interesting magazine which covers such a wide variety of topics about Brazil and its culture. This is exactly what! wanted for years. I was born in Campinas, Brazil, in 1959 to Christian missionaries who helped the poor and let many learn of the love of God for them. I returned to America in 1973 and wanted to know what was happening in my beloved Brazi I. Now I know about culture, politics, music, issues and much more. I like Brazilian music like Antonio Carlos Jobim, Milton Nascimento, Gal Costa, Roberto Carlos and many more. I have frequented Brazilian restaurants advertised in Brazzil and enjoyed the delicious food and ambiance. Keep up the good work. Corn muito amor para o undo pals Brasil. Uma americana brasileira. Joanna Parrish Pomona, California You are is Mid to participate in this dialogue. Write to: Letters to the Publisher P.O.Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536 or send E-mail to: brazziliiibrazzileom brazilnewsrtiaol.com Please. include a phone number in the es cot \ e need to reach you. Thanks!
BRAZZIL IN WASHINGTON I am the host/producer of a Brazilian Music Program at WDCU FM-JAZZ 90 in Washington D.C.. The program, Waves of Patropi (as in Pais Tropical) which airs Saturdays, 6 until 9 PM, has been in the air for two years now and it has reached a very popular status in the D.C. area. Enclosed is a $3 check for a subscription. I hope to be able to inform myself as well as my " listeners by receiving such a good publication. 1 Andre Lacerda Washington, D.C. POSITIVE RESPONSE As the editor of a magazine called Positive Vibrations, I wish to ask for permission to reprint an article written by ; William Javier Nelson in Brazzil, entitled "Blacks in Brazil and Mexico." Positive Vibrations is a monthly magazine providing news and entertainment information about Africa and the Diaspora. It comes from a Pan-African perspective, i and also tries to offer commentaries on ( culture, history, and the environment. I would be grateful if you would allow us to ; reprint this article. Kehinde Chaytor DeKalb, Illinois HERE'S FOR CHORO I just adored your article "100 Years of Choro." It's great to know that the legendary Pixinguinha will never be forgotten! Melissa Landini In the Internet WITH PASSION This is the first time I have a chance to read Brazzil and I am just loving it. I am from SAo Luis, state ofMaranhao, considered in Brazil as the island of love. I would love to read an article in your wonderful magazine about this lovely island. Kledilton Cutrim Pinto Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil
HUNGRY TO LEARN I have traveled to your beautiful country each of the last two years for vacation only. Because of my growing interest in Brazil and my desire to learn Portuguese more rapidly, I have decided to go for a more extended period of time. I am looking for any information that someone might have about an intensive language immersion program or schools in Brazil that would be well suited for an American with only beginning foreign language skills. Also, I would greatly appreciate any information about finding a family that would be willing to accept a foreigner in their home for this purpose. Although I am 32 and not a student anymore, possibly there might exist a type of exchange program that is available? Roberto E-mail: itegrity@aoL corn IN THE LIBRARIES Thank you for responding to our request for information about Brazzil. With your help, we have produced The Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 6th Edition. This new edition of the directory is a compilation of entries for over 3,000 academic and professional discussion lists and 1,688 journals, newsletters, and newsletter-digests, representing a 257% increase in journals and a 26% increase in lists since the 1995 edition. The Association of Research Libraries is a not-for-profit membership organization comprising 120 libraries of North American research institutions. It is through efforts such as yours that the Internet is an exciting and innovative place for learning and research. Dru Mogge, Editor Association of Research Libraries Washington, D.C.
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Land reform has become one of the most issue has led to greater number of controversial issues in Brazilian politics over land invasions and loss of life. the past few months. The government's perOver the past 10 years 961 peasceived lackluster effort in redistributing land ants and supporters have been to landless peasants and poor workers has killed in land disputes. In the first sparked land invasions across Brazil, which in six months of 1996 alone vioturn have provoked bloody confrontations lence in the countryside has probetween the peasants occupying the lands and duced 30 deaths. the large landholders, many backed by the The inability (or unwillingmilitary police. But agrarian reform is not a ness) of the government to move new issue nor is it exclusive to Brazil. ahead on this delicate issue has Wherever you go in Latin America, most led social movements to rely less farms are huge and most peasants are landless. and less on the government and In the 1970s and 1980s the half-continent's instead to take matters into their big farms grew bigger, its small farms shrunk own hands. Protests and demonand its landless laborers multiplied. There has strations, even in large urban arbeen talk of land reform throughout Latin eas, have become more frequent. President Fernando America but with few positive results. Brazil In April, 10 thousand landless Henrique Cardoso has is no different. Since colonial days, Brazil's workers and peasants (in Portucountryside has been a parquetry of privilege, been slow to honor his guese they are simply called sem where a handful of barons rule over rambling terra, which means without land) promises of settling estates the size of counties, even countries, organized protests in 20 states. landless peasants in while millions of peasants scratch a living Land invasions also took place Brazil and land from meager patches. throughout Brazil. In the southern In the mid 1980s, nearly half the farmland invasions have state of Parana three thousand in Brazil was owned by one percent of farmlandless families occupied over increased throughout ers. The Sarney administration promised to 200 thousand acres of land. In Sao the country. In the last settle 1.4 million families by the end of 1989 Paulo state 1,700 families occu10 years 961 peasants but by mid 1987 (two and a half years after pied land in a county where Presiand their supporters taking office) only 15,000 families had been dent Cardoso has co-ownership settled — only five percent of those the govhave been killed in land of a large farm. In Para, a state in ernment had wanted to help by then. In the late northern Brazil, more than 3,000 disputes. Land reform 1980s, Brazilian landowners delayed exprolandless peasants and workers decannot be delayed any priation by filing interminable law suits and manded the settlement of vast more. lobbying friendly politicians. tracts of unused land in the state. When frustrated peasants invaded estates The breaking point occurred MARIANO MAGALHAES earmarked for expropriation, the landlords in Para, where at the beginning of hired armed gangs to defend them. In 1986 April the state's military police they killed at least 260 people. Legislation were called in to break up the road passed in 1993 to spur reform along instead has helped the blockade set by the sem terra, and this eventulandholders. According to the law, landholders must be ally led to one of the worst massacres in Brazilnotified of expropriations. Landowners stop the proian history. cesses in court by claiming to have never received the The military police gunned down over 20 notification. The law also excludes medium-size estates, mostly unarmed peasants from close range, and which benefits landholders who simply divide up their tortured and injured scores of others. The masland into smaller portions making them no longer subject sacre in Para was broadcast around the world to expropriation. and placed the issue of land reform squarely on At the one year anniversary of the current administrathe government's shoulders. tion, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso claimed a The increase in the numbers of land invasubstantial victory in the area of land reform, declaring in sions is due not only to the lackadaisical efforts an interview with Veja (a weekly Brazilian magazine) that of the government or the national legislature's under his administration over 40,000 families were given repeated successes in blocking reform but also land in 1995, twice as much as former president Jose because of the social organization behind most Sarney gave out per year during his tenure in office (1985of the land invasions: the Movimento dos 1990). Trabalhadores Sem Terra (Movement of LandHowever, much more was expected from Cardoso, less Workers), or simply MST. whose ideological background (not to mention his camPrior to 1996, the organization that most paign promises) suggested he would have placed even promoted and defended the interests of the landmore emphasis on this issue. In addition, the number of less workers and peasants in the countryside landless families and jobless workers has increased since was the Confederacao Nacional dos Trabathe early 1990s with the opening of Brazil's commercial lhadores na Agricultura or CONTAG (National borders to agricultural goods from abroad — at least Confederation of Agricultural Workers). 500,000 countryside jobs have disappeared since 1990. CONTAG comprises both the formal and inforThis increase has placed tremendous pressure on the mal sector and is the most encompassing organiPresident and Congress to push ahead with land reform zation in Brazilian society. The strategy pursued that will distribute uncultivated land to those in need. The by CONTAG is non-confrontational. absence of significant improvement in dealing with the The MST, founded in the late 1970s, pursues
Taking by force
16
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
a more radical strategy, especially on the crucial out on their la ds. This leftist strategy was quickly question of agrarian reform. Up until very recently, abandoned w en the executive accused the PT of MST found support mainly in the south of Brazil. inciting a co flict in the northeastern state of This picture has changed dramatically and now the Maranhao tha led to four deaths. MST has supporters across the country, thus chalNot surpri ingly, the main presidential foe is lenging the position of CONTAG as the principal Congress. Th lower house of Congress (the Chamrepresentative of rural labor. The greater presence ber of Deputi s) especially presents problems beof MST throughout Brazil has translated into more cause it is wh re conservative forces are stronger. violent confrontations with landowners and the Despite persi tent difficulties with Congress, on government (state and national). July 12 the pr sident unilaterally expropriated just In late June, President Cardoso warned the under 55 tho sand acres of land in six states, MST that future land invasions would be treated as enough to settle roughly 400 families. a national security problem, and that the armed On July 27, the Minister of Agrarian Reform forces would be used to help the police with evicpresented a land reform package to state governors tion. Cardoso lost his patience after 700 MST that the executive will introduce in Congress. The members blocked one of the main access roads to central feature of the reform package is the decenBrasilia (the nation's capital), causing a six mile tralization of power to state and local levels to tailback, and 200 others occupied buildings in carry out the necessary reforms. VitOria, capital of Espirito Santo state. The increa aed efforts of the government (mainly Despite the president's threat, MST leader the executive) occurred simultaneously with a sizGilmar Moura stated that land occupations would able land donation by the armed forces and promcontinue as long as the government failed to carry ises by the Catholic church also to donate unused out a massive land distribution program. Land land it owns. In May, the Brazilian Army donated invasions continue to occur (as in the southern-state 15.3 million acres of land from seven states in the of Rio Grande do Sul in July), the sem terra are rural Center-West and North and in late July the becoming more restless (in the state of Bahia, for National Council of Brazilian Bishops (CNBB) example), and the MST continues to organize fuannounced that it is sending out surveys to its 250 ture land invasions, demonstrations and other forms dioceses and.900 plus congregations spread across of protest to put pressure on the Brazil to find out what land could government. be used for settling landless peasIt would be inaccurate to ants. According to a CNBB spokesclaim that the Brazilian governperson, "If there is land available, ment has done absolutely noththe CNBB will ask the local dioing to promote agrarian reform. cese to give up the properties to Although funds to the official help in the process of land reform." land reform agency, the Instituto Poverty is a serious issue in Nacional de Reforma Agraria Brazil, and elsewhere in Latin (National Institute for Land ReAmerica. The inequality in the disform) or INCRA, have been cut, tribution of income has long been the government has created the a salient feature of Latin American Ministry of Agrarian Reform, economies. In the late 1970s, the headed by Raul Jungmann, acpercentage of income received by quired over one million acres of the poorest 20 percent was lower land to distribute to 11,340 famiin Latin America than in any other lies, and introduced legislation part of the developing world. The in Congress that would make distribution of wealth is especially the sale of uncultivated land acute in Brazil. more attractive to large landThe settlement of landless peasholders. With this in mind the ants and workers in Brazil, with government proposed an intechnical and financial assistance crease in land taxes, for example. provided by all three levels of govOne of the main difficulties ernment, is one way of reducing the executive faces, however, is poverty. the passage of pro-land reform The failure of the government legislation in the national legisto enact significant reform in land lature. The bancada ruralista distribution over the past decade is (the landowners' lobby in Conunfortunate but not surprising. gress) has repeatedly voted down According to American political legislation that hurts rural interscientist Kurt Weyland, governests. In early June, the president ment institutions are partly to made a short-lived alliance with blame for the absence of equitythe PT (the socialist Workers enhancing agrarian reform. Party) to block a maneuver proAs long as the institutional moted by the bancada ruralista structure of government remains that would have led to legisla- • et Jose Rainha Jr., leader of the intact, agrarian reform that beness tion allowing landowners to efits the sem terra will be long in evict peasants found camping coming. • BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
17
Atlanta hatshe rev
ed to the world and to ves an unknown Brazil B -zilb iaoni:lly w Int • here no other Brazilian hIfd f l, ' it gone betor . There was an explosion of talent in the Oly pic fields and the three medals won , in the p vious Olympic Games in Barcelona have tu ed into 15 in the United tates. Now the c untry wants to host the Olympic of 2004 in Rio. t ALESS NDRA DALEVI The 220 Brazilian Oly ians embarking for Atlanta left a country that had never fulfil d its Olympic potential and whose main eery was winning eigh medals in the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984, which had b n boycotted by the Soviets and their allies at the time. The same at letic team went back to a First World nation in , sports, now among e 25 best in the world, carrying 15 Olympic medals. With this rprising success, Brazil now has a total of 54 Olympic medals. 12 gold, 14 silver, and 27 bronze. World powers in past Olympics, such as Belgium, Japan and Great Britain, couldn't match Brazil this time. There were some disappointments, the most notorious of all, the Zagalo boys, who were so c in about their gold that they seemed to have gone to the US just , pick it up. The soccer team had a disastrous opening loss to Japan, however, and went back home skinning the fire truck parad and hiding their faces and bronze medals their return The f ored women's volleyball team also took b* €, , e and not the gold s expected. But theirs wasn't a case of an, : , • ee and overconfid ice, rather a sheer attack of nerves in facingt!, ba during the semifinals. Thermal loot: three gold, three silver, and nine bronze medals. In Moscow in 1980, Brazil won only three medals; eight years later in Seoul this number doubled . Four years ago in Barcelona, however, the country had to be content with a mere three medals, ending in 31st place in the fi I medal standings. Compare this to 16th place in Atlanta, tyingt with Great Britain for number of medals. Brazil seems to have thieved maturity in a large spectrum of sports' modalities, from th popular games to the elite competitions. ; In the end, the so-called rich sports brought home most of the prizes. It was a happy surprise to see the equestrian team taking a bronze. In yachting alone, wqgot,three medals: a gold for Robert Scheidt -(Laser class); anothedgold for Torben Grael, the Turbine, l ayboy (Star class); and, finally, a and Marcelo Ferreira, the P bronze for Lars Grael and Kik Pelicano (Tornado class). And then there was Henrique Guimara and Aurelio Miguel, each winning a bronze in judo; Gustavo Borges (silver in the 200-meter freestyle swimming and bronze in the 100-meter freestyle); and Fernando Xuxa Scherer (bronze in 50-meter freestyle swimming). In track and field, Brazil has done bqtter in previous Olympics, but the bronze Won in the 400-meter relay was celebrated as gold by the Brazilian team of Andre Do1 ingos, Arnaldo de Oliveira, Edson tI I
Ja-cJeline, and Sandra - Gold 18
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Luciano and Robson Caetano. The Brazilian women, who had never won an Olympic medal before, became national heroes. The women's basketball team lost the gold to the United States, but they were still welcomed back home as golden girls. Most Brazilians seemed more than happy with the silver, considering the US team an unbeatable bunch that should be deemed hors concours in any world competition. The women's beach volleyball teams seemed to be in every newspaper and on every magazine cover in Brazil. Lively, pretty, the beach volleyball girls brought home the gold and the silver, a feat no Brazilian male sport has matched in 100 years of Olympic competition. Jacqueline Silva and Sandra Pires got the gold, their colleagues Monica Rodrigues and Adriana Samuel were satisfied with the silver. In essence, Brazil was able to amass so many medals because it won the competitions it's always winning around the world. Brazilian yachting, for example, which brought two golds and a bronze in Atlanta, has consistently been among the world's best for more than 40 years. In 26 years, yachting has brought home 10 (four gold, one silver, and five bronze) of the 54 Brazilian Olympic medals. Judo, another sport in which Brazil excels, has contributed another six medals (two gold, one silver, three bronze). The Olympics had its bittersweet moments, and just plain bitter ones. The soccer girls, for example, who didn't get a medal, but went back showered with glory, don't have jobs anymore. Oscar Schmidt, Brazil's greatest basketball player, is also unemployed. In his case, however, he decided to retire voluntarily at age 38 after a glorious career that included five Olympic games and a record 1,096 points scored. Atlanta was his farewell to the basketball court. It was a gratifying good-bye for Oscar, with his Number 14 jersey being inducted into the NBA's Hall of Fame in the United States%the man who refused a 1984 invitation to play for the New Jersey Nets because he didn't want to leave Brazil. "My greatest merit," he said in a press conference in Atlanta, "was to have played for the Brazilian national team for the last 20 years. It didn't matter that his team came in sixth place after losing to Greece. Now he has already hinted that he wouldn't mind becoming a coach. "I think I might help younger players," he said with his characteristic modesty. Robert Scheidt, 23, the gold medalist in yachting, has a reputation of discipline, not drinking, and going to bed and waking up early. But he couldn't avoid all the celebrations prepared by relatives and friends in Sfto Paulo, Rio, and Ilhabela, the tourist island off the coast of Sao Paulo where he started sailing with father Fritz before he could even talk. It was his father who was his only sponsor until 1990, when three companies started to pick up the tab of approximately $30,000 a year. He refused an invitation from an American company to go train in the US. "Monetarily, it wasn't worthwhile," he explained. Soon Robert should start preparations for a second gold in the Olympic Games of Sydney, Australia, in the year 2000. He also intends to start a business in the area of sailing. His college degree in business administration should help. The medals are already changing the life of the winners. Jacqueline Silva, from the golden beach volley duo, for example, has already announced the creation of a beach volley training center in Rio's upper-class Barra da Tijuca neighborhood. Monica Rodrigues, who won the silver medal with Adriana Samuel, is planning to open a series of beach volley schools on Rio's beachfront. They would join the 10 centers that already exist, at full capacity now, on Copacabana and Ipanema beaches. Interest in the sensation sport is exploding all over the country. Sponsors, even the shyest ones, are getting off the fence and joining the winners and the promising athletes. Medalist swimmers Gustavo Borges and Fernando Scherer are studying proposals for BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
and Adriana - Silver 19
endorsements from various companies. Betting that swimming will pay handsomely and with an eye to a possible Olympic Games in Brazil in 2004, the CBDA (Confederacao Brasileira de Desportos Aquaticos — Brazilian Confederation of Aquatic Sports) is emulat-nl ing Colorado Springs in the U.S. by building its own swimming complex, the Cidade da Natacao (Swimming City), in Campinas in the interior of Sao Paulo state. Chocolate manufacturer Lacta has withdrawn its sponsorship from the Santo Andre club, the team with Janeth and Leila, two of the silver-medaled women's basketball team, but its place was immediately taken by Polti, an appliance maker. And the best athletes in several sports are being eyed by foreign professionals from Europe and the United States. Tennis player Fernando Meligeni, 25, didn't get a medal in Atlanta, but nobody could guess from his activities these days. His surprising fourth place finish in the Olympics has made him a strong candidate to defend Brazil in the next Davis cup and take the country back to first division in that competition. The road to the Davis started at the end of August at the U.S. Open. During the Olympics, Meligeni had victories against Alberto Costa (15th in the world rankings) and Mark Philippousis (36th). Now he is working feverishly to better his own ranking, currently 98th. Meligeni hates to be called Argentinean-naturalized Brazilian, even though he was born in Buenos Aires and moved to Brazil when he was four. For the women's volleyball team, the defeat to Cuba was particularly painful. The Brazilian team had beaten Cuba 3 to 0 in the preliminary phase of the Olympics. It was in the fifth set that Cuba clinched its tight 15 to 13 points' victory. An exchange of insults among the two teams escalated into a real brawl when after the game Cuban Regla Torres attacked Brazilian Ana Paula, the prettiest and apparently sweetest player of the Brazilian team. The police were called in and the next day the Brazilian Olympic Committee filed a formal protest with the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
The soccer flop
The millionaire soccer team's (they had spent $5 million preparing themselves) 5 to 0 final game against Portugal guaranteed a bronze for Brazil. However, nobody in Brazil, including the players, were willing to accept anything but gold. The players had been promised $45,000 for winning the gold, the only prize that continues to elude the national soccer team. The bronze medal turned out to be more a curse than an embarrassment, and it helped show how little Olympic spirit the Zagalo's golden-turned-bronze boys really had. They refused to accept their award with the other medalists, taking it right after the game and breaking a centenary protocol. And then they hid their medals in their baggage when disembarking in Brazil instead of showing them off on their chests as all the other athletes did., As reported by sassy weekly newsmagazine isto E, the well-fed, well-lodged (at Athens' private and exclusive golf club Reynold Plantation) Brazilian players, who were on a shopping spree while other teams 20
The 15 medals captured in the Atlanta Olympics have given a ft impetus for Rio's candidacy to host the 2004 Olymp .Brazil officially entered the fray last August 15 when onaldo Cesar Coelho, Rio's former president of the Rio 2004 Commayoral candidate mittee, presented th Bzi lian candidacy. Brazil's proposal was presented a 580-page portfolio prepared by the same team from at made the Barcelona candl,Aacy a success story a for security, American and Israeli experts were consult and would most likely be used in the event the Brazilian bil is victorious. Rio is one of the favorites among the 11 candidate cities (Lille, Rome, Athens; Buenos Aires, San Juan de, Puerto Rico, St. Petersburg, Cape Verde, Seville, Istanbul, and Stockholm), and it seetrislf) have the inside track due to the fact that So erica ...has never hosted the mes Oimpic organizers see this as aopoidt c1,hcBauGnenaueo a 1ic re this*secular slight. Argentina's . w competirig. Agai,n despite all the nee bad press about its uncontrolled violence, holds the erhand as, a more beautiful city which, without any of security or an Atlanta-type eits.uoceies lly hostedif;co-94, the ecological m bombd ssucm ar, g. ersh4alsotouting the fact that all games would be olay within a radius of 22 miles. At the latest Olympics for o e,soccer games were played in Miami an yacbtiniys held 300 miles from Atlanta. Members of the ntnaiqaJ Olympic Committee will be vsiting/trazi i her for in-locu inspec>tion thatwill help th otnilatrIlnmed-down list of March 1997. The six ,finalist cities, t committee will in a early caught in the iDlympic fever. The bts toss Baia da Guaiiiibara are already sporting e lno with tylized outline of the cites. Botafogo, one SuC — ar Loaf .and, 'Lagoa Rndr1gp Rio's main soccer teanii; ady announced that it ivill also use the logo on all of9tSlayers' T-shirts. Until November, trains the utyw ses, and privates i)1 3 should also be dis, ureLsistots beiresenteaYingthe recruiting tsnfo rdie games are filling up t:enteio The organizer'v,sun sto get 2 million signaembers during their o Novembersvisit, going. to show that we are fat, mobilized, and we oler candidate cities to show a response as nges Coelho. To show Brasilia's conimitiri and to guarantee federal evernment bac es, President Fernando 'llenrique Cardoso w got() 0 to meet .,the IOC members at Palacio Laranjeir Bringing the'Olympies,to Brazil would mean an inve inent of $4 billion, soniething unthinkable without federal help. The Rio 2004 Project is already on- line, including a form for those willing to volunteer to the effort. The requirements to volunteer are to be Brazilian, at least eight years old, and willing to work in Rio during the Olympics. By August 21, more than 16,000 had already accessed the address (http:// athos.lal)ma.ufrj.br/rio2004.html) and 44 WEB sites in Brazil had already joined the movement, placing a Rio 2004 logo on their pages together with a link to the Rio 2004 home page: BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
WREMEMMIZINXittegiA
The medals Gold Women's beach volleyball -
Jacqueline Silva and Sandra Fires Yachting Laser class
Robert Scheidt Yachting Star class
Torben Grael and Marcelo Ferreira
Silver Women's beach volleyball
Monica Rodrigues and Adriana Samuel 100-meter free-style swimming
Gustavo Borges Women's basketball 8 - Maria Paula Silva
9 - Janeth Arcain 1-12 - Silvia Luz 13 - Alessandra Oliveira 5 - Maria Angelica 14 - Cintia Santos 15 - Claudia Maria Pastor 6 - Adriana Santos 10 - Roseli Gustavo 7 - Leila Sobral 11 - Marta De Souza Sobrat 4 - Hortencia Marcari Oliva
BRAZZIL -SEPTEMBER 1996
were practicing and preparing tlemselves for the games, lost to a famished and disgruntled Nigerian team. The day before their game against Brazil, they had traveled for 12 hours by bus from Birmingham, Alabama, to Athens, Georgia. Arriving at the modest roadside cono Lodge motel, Dutch coach Johannes Bonfrere had to use his own credit card to pay the hotel lill, which should have been paid by the Nigerian government. Without money to have a decent meal, they all went to a Burger King across the street and feasted on hamburgers for lunch. That night, they were able to eat a little better: pizza. Ricardo Teixeira, the president of Confederacao Brasileira de Futebol (CBF), announced a purge right after the Brazilian fiasco. "We have to do the same thing we did after the World Cup in Italy, in 1990. We need to reorganize everything." Right after the game, physical trainer Luiz Carlos Prima seemed resigned to imminent unemployment. Supervisor Americo Faria could at least cheer about his next job: manager for United States' Major League Soccer, the main group of professional U.S. soccer teams. Right after the Nigerians made their third goal, tying the game, Faria, noticing the panic among the Brazilian team, screamed to the coach, "Zagalo, estamos fodidos" ("Zagalo, we are flicked"). Coach Zagalo continues to be employed. In his column for Jornal do Brasil on August 11, he wrote: "In the latest nights, before sleeping, I couldn't stop thinking about that game against Nigeria. I cannot understand why we could lose the advantage at 3 to 1. With a national team as good as ours, all we had to do was to administer the game. To keep the ball, pass the ball, that was all. When we were there, nothing worked. Now, all we are interested in is the '98 World Cup . . . . The team foundation should be the players who are in Europe and Japan." Commenting on the soccer team, Minister of Sports and soccer player extraordinary Edson Arantes do Nascimento, better known as Feld, said the Brazilian players were hindered by their overconfidence ("That's young folk's stuff') and immediately saw a silver lining: "I'll bet the lesson is going to help in the 1998 World Cup." Argentina didn't play against Brazil in the final, as anticipated by many, and also ended up losing to Nigeria. But not before getting the gold medal for arrogance and presumption. Celebrating Argentina's victory against Portugal and the near certainty its national team would play against Brazil, the Buenos Aires newspaper Ole — from the biggest Argentinean media conglomerate, which also publishes the daily newspaper Clarin — ran a headline in two lines taking the whole extension of the paper: "Que vengan los macacos" ("Let the monkeys come"). The Brazilian embassy in Buenos Aires filed a formal protest. It was useless. Brazil's best response to the Argentineans' inferiority complex was its 15 Olympic medals. Ironically, during the final against Nigeria, Brazilians in the stadium were heard screaming to the Nigerians, "Sai dal macaco" ("Get off there, you monkey"). As if the Brazilian team h d only blue-eyed Saxons.
Equestrian
team jumping odngo Pessttak Andre Johanntieter, Luiz Felipe Azevtdo and Alvaro Miranda Neto Yachting Tornado class Lars Grael and Kiko Pelicano Men's Judo Half en Heavyweight rique Guimaraes Men's Judo Half Lightweight Miguel Fein 100-meter free-style an4 es swimming Gustavo Borges -meter free-style swimming Fernando Luta Scherer 1400-meter relay Andre Dotnin a, Arnaldo de Oliv:irs' Edson Luciano and Robson ettetin° Women's volleyba11 11 - Marcia Fu Cunha 10 - Virna Dias 13 - Ana Flivia Sanglard 5 - Ana Paula Connelly 14 - Fernanda 9 Venturini 15 ma Caldeira He]i a Fofao Souza 17 Sandra 2 Suruagy - Ana Moser 8 - Leila Barros 12 - Ericleia Fibo Bodziak 4 - Ana Ida Alvares 6 Men's soccer Roberto Carlos 14 - Andre Luiz 8 - Amaral 4 - Ronaldo 10- Rivaldo 1 - Dida 5 - Flavio Conceicao 17- Luizao 11- Savio 15 - Ze Elias 3 - Aldair 2 - Ze Maria 13 - Narciso 1 6 - Marcelinho Paulista 9 - Juninho 18 - Ronaldinho 7 - Bebeto 12- panrlei
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Net dumb no more Brazilian Internet surfers are not alone anymore. They now have their own consumer-oriented organization to defend their rights in the huge sometimes downright scary Information Superhighway out there. It's the National Association of Internet Users which already has close to 300 members and it is growing fast. MARCOS MANHAES MARINS
Internet in Brazil? The mere thought of it might be absurd for some people living abroad. Even more so if they have read about the difficulty of buying a telephone in Brazil and the hurdles to get a clear line and then be able to talk and to communicate without losing the connection. Even those who believe Brazil is technologically on a par with the First World nations don't believe Brazilians are sophisticated enough to use all the resources of the Internet. An example of this reasoning can be seen in an article about the Internet in Brazil published July by leee/Spectrum, an electric engineering British magazine. Says the publication: "Few Brazilians will find immediate use for the vast amount of commercial data that is indeed available on the Net... There is little evidence of any effort yet in either the public or the private sector to create content in Portuguese that may help average Internet users run their lives or business a bit more efficiently... It is no surprise, then, that a connection to the Internet, even more than the possession of a cellular telephone, has become the status symbol among the middle and upper classes in 22
Brazil ..." Carlos Duarte, a Brazilian computer scientist who lives in London, wrote me about how disappointed he felt reading those comments: "We know how vital the Internet in Brazil has become. According to the latest issue of the journal Communications, the Brazilian Internet has the highest growth rate in the world. However, the statements published in Spectrum do not appear to recognize the value of its users to the same extent. Certainly, the article deserves a response." The best answer to these and other similar questions about Brazil is to show the world our country is not any more that jungle Pedro Alvares Cabral found five centuries ago when Portugal "discovered" our land. Unfortunately, we have always to deal upfront with these prejudices and misconceptions, but certainly some people reading this do not know much about Brazil besides the fact that the country a four-time-champion at the Soccer World Cup. It's true we have social problems because we have built here two "brazils," one very rich and one very poor. But on both "brazils" people are in visual touch with the "state-of-theart", because people here may be starving but all of us watch TV, from the filthy rich to the favelas '(shanty towns) inhabitants. The Internet is nothing new. Since 1989 our Universities were tinkering with the new communication technology and the public in general are familiar with it since mid1995, when the Government authorized private companies to provide connection services. That was the very same year the World Wide Web (WWW), that graphic colorful way to access the Internet, was just being experience first hand by people all over the planet. We are now a world of more than 400,000 users and there estimates that we will be 1 million users, very soon, maybe by the end of this year. According to Ministry of Science and Technology, there are in Brazil today about 400 Internet Commercial Providers and more than 30.000 hosts (computers linked through a Domain Name) and over 10,000 WEB pages. On TV it seems there is an ad from InternetBRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
ready computers in every program break. Explode Coraccio, a very popular novela (soap opera), has shown characters talking (mind you, not writing) through the Internet while pacing on a large living room (can your computer do this?) for more than six months to 60% of 150 million Brazilians. However, as in any other country around the world, Internet providers tend not to follow rules, due to a virtual lack of real laws concerning their activities. Since the Internet is a newborn market, laws are still being discussed and questions like copyright, freedom of speech, commercial transactions and many others are still open to debate. Fortunately, in this day and age, Carlos Duarte and other Brazilians together with all those interested in Brazil can count on an organization created specifically to defend Brazilian Internet users' rights, the ANUI (Associacao Nacional de Usuarios da Internet — National Association of Internet Users). He got to know its address through the Net and found at ANUI hundreds of new fellows, his peers of same ideals, an authentic movement of liberation of Brazilian Internet users. How it all started Some mailing-lists administered by the Brazilian pioneer provider, IBASE-AlterneX, called "apc.tribos" had been opened to outside users. There, the Brazilian pioneer Internet surfers could express freely their opinions about the quality and methods of the Internet services. On April 20, it was started a thread (Internetese to designate a series of messages dealing with the same subject) called "The provider role: A proposal for a broad discussion" which was joined by 40 people. That was the embryo from which the association developed. This unexpected interest to settle down some concepts such as minimum package of services and minimum standard of support a provider should offer led participants to think of creating an association of users. This association began with its own mailing-list and a homepage in cyberspace. Messages were posted to mailings lists such as the Webras-L at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) and other "tribes." Sao Paulo's Fundacdo Getillio Vargas (FGV), an economic think tank, heard of our efforts offered space to shelter the cause. BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
In June, while FGV was preparing software to open a listserver account to ANUI, another thread app ared on that very apc.tribo.internet called thistime: "For better providers." People from the fi st thread joined those from the second and n w we had a group of 60 users. We agreed on o r name and we elected Paulo Rocha to coordina e the movement. He was instrumental in prepa ing the mailing list and the Website at Fundaca Gettilio Vargas, but people started demanding more from the ANUI. Users u ged more concrete actions, and on July 23rd, counting on the sponsorship of CinemaB azil, the homepage http:// www.cine abrazil.com/anui.br was launched. At the ame time the mailing list anui@artnit.com.br, sponsored by Artnet was started. Th group today counts with 300 associates and }ve expect to be 30,000 by the end of next year. Can we help? But w at an association of this sort can effectively do for its associates? This a frequent question i our discussions. Should ANUI take part in law uits, start lawsuits against bad providers, be a optional Consumers' Act defender? The best efinition of what we do was given during one of these animated debates. "What are we? A kin of cybernetic Green Peace?", wrote frota@ma aus.pegasus.com.br. Some people seemed to ike this concept. Yes, ANUI is a sort of Green Peace, a NGO (Non Governmental Organization), a non-profit body spontaneously and authentically born seeking more quality and justice on the Net. An average net user in Brazil pays $30.00 a month for the basic service. The provider's attitude seems to be one of "you are not happy go somewhere else. We don't need your here." Very different from the kind o service we are used to receive now from electronic products' vendors, for example. In this case, consumers have the right to get the proper service, and when need can use lawsuits to guarantee this right. An electronic address at the Internet is similar to a home address. It. you move all the time, you lose contacts, friendships and business. The association is intent on solving problems like that pulling together hundreds, thousands of users and going to the media if necessary. And what service would like to see its name on list of ANUI's bad providers? This 23
will be a strong weapon for the association, which is collecting information given by the providers themselves and checked by ANUI associates. Our group will also be able to file class actions, with all users, members or not, benefiting from a favorable verdict. What's the beef? The most common complaints are: 1 - Technical support to users works just during business hours, from around 9 AM to 5 PM. 2 - Prices are too expensive, compared with other countries. 3 - Incomplete package of service. While cer— tain providers offer Telnet facilities, other do not, the same goes for Newsgroup access, FTP, and so on. 4 - Inadequate treatment by certain providers who ignore inquiries made by e-mail and refuse to teach how to use their services. 5 - Limited authorization to use CGI scripts (programs that allow, for example, the search 111. databases) ANUI intends to take some sreps very sum: , urging improvement of services, requiring respect.l. ful treatment and, of course, and demanding live.1 dom of speech. Through the virtual office of ANUI (http:// www.cinemabrazil.com/anui.br) visitors may subscribe to the discussion list and submit their data through an on-line free registering form. They will receive weekly E-newsletters summarizing decisions taken by the Association. ANUI is also contacting associations of Internet users in other countries so that the criteria may be the most universal as possible, and many experiences and tools may be interchanged for the sucv, cess of the movement. ANUI is not being created to be always on the opposite side of Internet Providers. We will be more than willing to clap our hands always we detect good Internet products and services. Who's who Anyone who wishes to work together with the temporary committees for ANUI's creation, is more than welcome. We can visit our homepage and write directly to some of those helping during the organization's initial phase. Here they are: General coordinator: Paulo Rocha (ptrocha@bis.com.br) Vice-general-coordinator: Francisco Ntibm (fnobre@hexanet.com.br) General Secretary: Hugo Peter Steiner (apogeo@inetminas.estaminas.com.br) Marketing/Image: Marcos Manhats Marins (webmaster@cinemabrazil.com) Mailing List: Eduardo Gudin Prado (edugudin@Enterprise.cybernet.com.br) FAQ/Weekly Digest: Fernando Newlands (newlands@mail.rio.com.br) Public Relations: Fabio Becherini 24
(becherini@ilusp.br) Law Assistance: Marcelo A. A. Gama (magama@netalpha.com.br) We are a real Internet venture spread all over the globe. Our WEB site editor (Luiz Siqueira— siqueira@ax.ibase.org.br) is based in Rio but he receives information from volunteers in different states who make clipping of ANUI published articles and arrange media covering for ANUI's events. Each volunteer is responsible for updating a page of the site, which he downloads often to his microcomputer at home or job, updates and uploads back again to the virtual server. This server is based in United States, but it's owned by the Brazilian Cultural Project "Cinema of Brazil in the Internet," avoiding this way conflicts of interest that could arise were the ANUI site controlled by a Brazilian commercial Internet Provider. Marcos Manhaes Marins uses the Internet since September 1995. He is a graduate from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and studied moviemaking at University of London and at the British Film Institute. You can E-mail him at cinemabrazil@ax.IBASE.org.br or call his telephone 55-21-290-4593.
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BoscoSpell Composer, lyricist, arranger, guitar player, singer, and philosopher Joao Bosco doesn't stop bewitching the world with magic words and seductive tunes. He is at it again. This month, Americans will have a chance to see him on stage with his Excuse-me, Sir show when he comes to San Francisco. VIOLETA WELLES "No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the Continent, a part of the main," said the English poet, John Donne. In "Tecendo a Manha" (Bringing the Morning) Joao Cabral de Melo Neto added Brazilian flair to the thought. "Um gab o sozinho nuo tece uma manhti" ("A lone rooster does not bring (literally, does not knit) the morning," he wrote. For composer/performer/musician' s musician, and social observer Joao Bosco, Cabral's words were enough to spark an entire concert. For the past two years, he has been presenting that concert, called "Dá Licenca Meu Senhor" (Excuse Me, Sir), throughout the world. It has also become the basis of Bosco's 18th record album, which bears the same title. With this concert, Bosco honors other galos who have, each in his own place and at his own point of time, helped to bring whatever elements of morning exist in today's Brazil. Included is classical music, like "Melodia Sentimental" inspired by Villa-Lobos' "Floresta do Amazonas," Zequinha de Abreu's "Tico-Tico no Fubawith its evocation of Carmen Miranda, and Chico Buarque's recent "Pagodespell." Bosco has not been afraid to reach for emotional highs and the waves ofsaudade (longing) among Brazilians in the audience living overseas might always wash back to the beaches of Rio. But the man who has been called one of Brazil's "national treasures" would not be permitted to give a concert without some of his own works. Included in the evening will be some of Bosco's own classics, done in what the San Francisco Chronicle critic described as his unique performing style: "He is a subtle and swinging singer who revels in the sensuousness of the sound of words, caressing the vowels, accenting the consonants with the click, hiss and pop of a percussionist. He has created a marvelous idiosyncratic scat style, a mix of Ella Fitzgerald, bebop and the sounds of a Brazilian batucada (drumming)." BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Through his career, Bosco has traveled the world many times over. His recent tours of Da Licenca Meu Senhor have already taken him to 15 countries including, in the last few months, Bosnia. Despite this, and despite the fact that he lives much of the time in Rio and has recently contracted for an apartment in New York to facilitate his recording work, he continues to think of himself as very much a Mineiro (native from the state of Minas Gerais). In Da Licenca Meu Senhor he sings "Peixe Vivo/0 Vento", which compares the Mineiro's need for cold water "like a fish" with the Bahian's need of wind so that he can sail his jangada (raft). Born in Ponte Nova in Minas Gerais to a Lebanese family, Bosco had no formal musical training but, literally learned the art in his own backyard. His grandmother played the mandolin, his mother the piano, his sister sang, his brother composed. By watching, he found himself able to do all of that. But it was his father, in particular, who adored Noel Rosa and sang samba, who shaped Bosco's growth. In Dá Licenca Meu Senhor Bosco will perform Rosa's "0 Gago Apaixonado." By the age of 12, Bosco had been given his first guitar, and formed his first rock band. A few years later he went off to study engineering at the University in Ouro Preto, but music — and soccer — were still his true loves and he had no question in his mind that he would become a professional performer. Others agreed. The great lyricist Vinicius de Moraes heard some of his early music and wrote words for it. In the '70s a hurricane force of bossa nova, tropicalismo and jazz was hurtling across Brazil. Engineering student Bosco was blown away by the innovations and the artistry of Brazilian musicians Joao Gilberto, Tom Jobim and Milton Nascimento and Americans Miles Davis, Charlie Parker and Ray Charles. By 1972, he had been asked to make his first recording by no less than Tom Jobim who, on a jacket note, "introduced" him to the Brazilian public. By 1973, Bosco went off to Rio where he found high interest in his work from other musicians and record companies. Soon the young Mineiro — who by this time actually had a degree in Civil Engineering — became part of 25
the musical mainstream. In those days?, of dictatorship in Brazil that could mean a plunge into very hot water. Despite the danger, Bosco wrote, "d I3ebado e o Equilibrista" (The Diankard and the Equilibrist), his own personal attempt to "bring the morning." With lyrics by Aldir Blanc, a . frequent collaborator and hauntingly • performed by Elis Regina, another fre•quent collaborator, "0 Bebado e o • Equilibrista" became a musical symbol of the struggle against the dictatorship and Amnesty International's theme song. To Bosco the song "shows anger and indignation towards things we felt were wrong." In 1983, Bosco made a major im• pact on the jazz scene at the Montreux Festival in Switzerland not only by , how he played but with what he played. He was one of the first artists to bring • Brazilian music onto the performin stages of the world. All through his musical career, Bosco has been seeking ways to fulfill his musical curiosity, test his talent, find new dimensions for his composing, his playing and his performance. Jazz is only one influence on his work, which is shot through also with Brazilian, African and Cuban elements, his family's Moorish background, his father's love of samba and even the church music of his Ponte Nova boyhood. The particular "spin" that this Brazilian musical "great" puts on the works of other Brazilian musical "greats" is what makes Dá Licenca Meu Senhor so compelling — and so entertaining. , • Describing how his presentation differs from the originals, Bosco says, simply, that he "moves towards the light" Towards morning, On Saturday evening, September 146, Bosco will perform his new concert at the Herbst Theater in San Francisco where, three years ago, he made his California debut to high praise and 'packed houses. His earlier concert at the Herbst consisted almost entirely of his own compositions. But in Dá Licenca Meu Senhor he will have a gifted trio of outstanding musicians on :stage with him — Jamil Joanes on ' bass, Alexandre Carvalho on guitar , and Wigdor Santiago on flute/saxophone. - On stage with him also, will be the unseen presence of many outstanding Brazilian performers, composers, lyricists, even arrangers present and past, living and dead. Among them are VillaLobos, Tom Jobim, gone too soon, Dorival Caymmi, Ary Barroso, Noel Rosa, who virtually invented the modern samba, Milton Nascimento, Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso. •
0 Bebado e o Equilibrista Joao Bosco and Aldir Blanc
Drunkard and the Equilibrist
Cala A tarcle feito um viaduto E um bebado trajando luto Me lembrou Carlitos
As an overpass The afternoon IN*S falling A wnear d inagb drluanckkid
A lua. Tal qual a dona dum bordel Pedia a cada estrela fria Urn brilho de aluguel
The moon As a bordello madam Was asking each cold star A shine for reliting
E nuvens La no mata-borrao do ceu Chupavam rnanchas torturadas Que sufoco
And clouds There on the sky!"s bloating paper Sucked tortured blots What a drag
Louco 0 bebado com chapeu coca Fazia irreverencias mil Pra noite do Brasil Meu Brasil
Crazy The drunkard with a derby " Made a thousa•il irreverences To Brazil's niglh My Brazil
Que sonha Corn a volta do irrnao do Henfil Corn tatita gente que partiu Num rabo de foguete
Which dreams With the return Of flenfil's brother? With so malty people who left. Running , aw from trouble
Chora a nossa patria mae gentil Choram Marias e risses No solo do Brasil
She cries Our gentle mother country They cry, Mantis and Clansses On Brazil's land
Mas sei Que uma dor assim pungente Nao ha de ser inutilrneflte A esperanca danca Na corda bamba de sombrinha E em cada passo dessa linha pode se machucar
But I do know That a so poignant pain Won't happen in vain Hope dances On a tight ropfe with a parasol In each step of this line It can get hurt
Azar A esperanca aquilibrista Sabe que o show de todo artista Tern que continuar
Tough luck The equilibrist hope Knows that every artist's show Must go on
Reminded the Charlie
Joao Bosco, Chico Buarque and Caetano Veloso No Pao de Acitcar De cada dia Dai-nos, Senhor A poesia de cada dia No Pao de Acucar
In the Sugar Loaf Of every day Give us, Lord The poetry Of every day In the Sugar Loaf
Quern rezou, rezou Quem nao rezou nao reza mais
Who prayed, prayed Who didn't pray Won't pray anymore many. So Corcovados n the pier
Ha tantos mil Co covados No cais Cada urn carrega o Cristo Em rnuitos Carna. Luxo, nirseria, grancleza 0 sonho se faz
Each one came Christ Throughout many Carnavals Luxury, misery, grandeur The dream comes true
Gente da pedra sao todos iguais No Pao de Acucar
People from tin stone Are all alike In the Sugar Loa
Joaquim Jose me chamou Pra urn canjere
Joaquitn Jose called me For a voodoo Party A samba bash on the church's steps If Christ allows, Jesus doesn't get offended The gang will do a pagodespell
SaMbalele nas escadas da Se Se Cristo deixar, Jesus nao se ofender 0 pessoal vai fazer urna odespell Pg E ai? E af vai ser sopa no mel No Pao de Acncar De cada dia Dai-nos, Senhor A poesia de cada dia No Pao de Acdcax
And then And then it's gonna be smooth sailing In the Sugar Loa Of every day Give us, Lord The poetry Of every day In the Sugar Loaf
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
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Sarapalha The malaria stayed. The residents, they were the ones who went away: the first ones to the cemetery, the others all over, throughout this world of God. Lands weren't worth a thing. There was nothing else left to do, but to pack one's traps and leave, fast, huts, ranches, farms. GUIMARAES ROSA Tapera de Arraial. Ali, na beira do Rio Para, deixaram largado urn povoado inteiro: casas, sobradinho, capela; tres vendinhas, o chale e o cemiterio; e a rua, sozinha e comprida, que agora nem mais é uma estrada, de tanto que o mato a entupiu. Ao redor, bons pastos, boa gente, terra boa para o arroz. E o lugar ja esteve nos mapas, muito antes dã malaria chegar. Eta veio de longe, do Sao Francisco. Urn dia, tomou o caminho, entrou na boca aberta do Para, e pegou a subir. Cada ano avancava um punhado de leguas, mais perto, mais perto, pertinho, fazendo medo no povo, porque era sezao da brava — da -tremedeira que nao desamontava" — matando muita gente. — Talvez que ate aqui eta nao chegue... Deus há-de... Mas chegou; nem dilatou para vir. E foi urn ano de tristezas. Em abril, quando passaram as chuvas, o rio — que nao tern pressa e nao tern margens, porque cresce num dia mas leva mais de mes para minguar — desengordou devagarinho, deixando pocos redondos num brejo de ciscos: troncos, ramos, gravetos, coivara; cardumes de mandis apodrecendo, tabaranas BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
vestidas de ouro, encalhadas; curimatas pastando barro na invernada; jacares, de mudanca, apressados; canoinhas ao seco, no cerrado; e bois sarapintados, nadando como bfatos, comendo o murure-de-florroxa flutuante, por entre as ilhas do melosal. Entao, houve gente tremendo, corn os primeiros acessos da sezao. — Talvez que para o ano eta nao volte, va s'embora... Ficou. Quem foi s'embora foram os moradores: os primeiros para o cemiterio, os outros por al a fora, por este mundo de Deus. As terras nao valiam mais nada. Era pegar a trouxa e ir deixando, depressa, os ranchos, os sitios, as fazendas por fim. Quem quisesse, que tomasse conta. Al a beldroega, em carreirinha indiscreta — ora pro-nobis! Ora-pronobis! — apontou caules ruivos no baixo das cercas das hortas e, tato a talo, avancou. Mas o cabeca-de-boi e o capimmulambo, já donos da rua, tangeram-na de volta; e nem Ode recuar, a coitadinha rasteira, porque no quintal os joas estavam brigando corn o espinho-agulha e corn o gervao em for. E, atras da maria-preta e da vassourinha, vinham urgentes, do campo — — o amor-de-negro, corn os tridentes das folhas, e fileiras completas, colunas espertas, do rijo assa-peixe. Os passarinhos espalhavam sementes novas. A gameleira, fazedora de ruinas, brotou corn raizame nas paredes desbarrancadas. Morcegos das lapas se domesticaram na noite sem fim dos quartos, como artistas de trapezio, pendentes dos caibros. E al entao, taperizacao consumada, quando o fedegoso em toucas e a bucha em latadas puderam retomar seu velhissimo colOquio, o povoado fechou-se em seus restos, que nem o coscorao cinzento de uma tribo de marimbondos estereis. Mas, é sO andar tres quilometros para cima, brejo adentro, beira-rio, para se achar algum morador. 0 mosquito femea nao ferroa de dia; esta dormindo, corn a tromba repleta de maldades; somente as larvas, a for do charco, comem-se umas as outras, brincando corn as dafnias e corn as baratasd'agua; as touceiras cheirosas do capimgordura espantam para longe a urutucoati ara; a jararaquinha-da-barrigavermelha é mansa, nao morde; e essas outras cobras claras, que passam de cabeca alcada, em nado de campeonato, agora, mesmo que queiram, nab poderao morder. Mas é born nao pisar forte naquelas esponjas verdes, que costuma haver uma cisterna profunda, por baixo das folhas dos aguapes. E aqui, perto do vau da Sarapalha: tern uma fazenda, denegrida e desmantelada; uma cerca de pedra-seca, do tempo de escravos; um rego murcho, urn moinho parado; urn cedro alto, na frente da casa; e, Id dentro, uma negra, ja velha, que capina e cozinha o feijão. Tudo é mato, crescendo sem regra; mas, em volta da enorme morada, pes de milho levantavam espigas, nO chiqueiro, no curral e no eirado, como se a roca se tivesse encolhido, para ficar mais ao alcance da mao. E tern tambem dois homens sentados, juntinhos, num casco de cocho emborcado, cabisbaixos, quentando-se ao sot. 0 rio, Id adiante, ve-se agora a tres 29
Hoje std mais alto. dimensties; porque o rob o de nevoa, alagartado, Inda d6i muito? vai, volta a volta, pela vdrzea como fumaca Melhorou. cansada que sO quer descer e adormecer. E da passarinha. No vdo esquerdo, abaixo das costelas, Primo Ribeiro dormiu mal e o outro ndo os bacos jamais cessam de aumentar. E todos os dias eles dorme quase nunca. Mas ambos escutaram o verificam qual fo,i o que passou a frente. mosquito a noite inteira. E o anofelino é o Um barulho. E o cachorro magro, que agita as orelhas passarinho que canta mais bonito, na terra bonita dormindo, e dorme alertado, corn o focinho cubic() onde mora a maleita. encostado no chao. E de-tardinha, quando as mutucas convidam Primo Argemiro espera urn pouco. Al, ele se espanta. as muricocas de volta para casa, e quando o De hd muitos anos, dia atrás dia, tern a hora de o carapand rajado mais o mossorango cinzento se perdigueiro dormir ali perto, e a horinha de o perdigueiro recolhem, que ele aparece, o pernilongo pampa, sacudir as orelhas, que é o momento de Primo Ribeiro dizer: de pes de prata e asas de xadrez. Entra pelas janelas, vinth — Vida melhor do que a nossa... cacos, das frinchas, das taiobeiras, das bananeiras, de tod' a Para Primo Argemiro, eternamente, responder: dguas, de qualquer lugar. — E sim... — Qlha o mosquito borrachudo nos meus ouvidos, Primo!... E, agora, primo Ribeiro nao falou. Por que? Ficou mudo, — E a zoeira do quinino. Voce' está tomando demais... espiando as tres galinhas, que ciscam e catam por ali. Por Vem soturno e sombrio. Enquanto as femeas sugam, todo qua?... Estd desfiaudo a beirada do cobertor, corn muita os machos montam guarda, salmodiando tremido numa nith nervosia de unhas. E preciso perguntar-lhe alguma coisa. Unica em tom de d6. E, uma a uma, aquelas já fartas de sangu — Sera que chove, Primo? abrem recitativo, esvoacantes, uma oitava mais baixo, em - Capaz. meiga voz de descante, na orgia crepuscular. Ind'hoje? Sera? Mas, se ele vem na hora do silencio, quando o quin — ManhA. zumbe na cabeca do febranto, ë para consolar. Sopra, aq — Chuva brava, de panca? acold, urn gemido ondulado e sem pouso... Parece que s — As vez... ausenta, mas esta ali mesmo: a gente chega a sentir-lhe os —- Da banda de riba? feixes de coxas e pernas, em linhas quebradas, fazendo c6cegas, — De ads. longas, longas... Arrasta urn fib fino e longinquo, de gonzo, 0 passopreto, chefe dos passopretos da margem esquerda, fanho e ferrenho, que vem do longe e vai dar no longe... Estica pincha urn galho de cedro e convoca os outros passopretos, ainda mais o fiapo amarelo de surdina. Depois o enrola e que fazem luto alegre no vassoural rasteiro e compoem urn desenrola, zonzo, ninando, ninando... E, quando a febre toma kraal nos ramos da capoeira-branca. Vdo assaltar a rocinha; conta do corpo todo, ele parece, dentro da gente, uma musica mas, antes, piam e contrapiam, ameacando urn hipotetico santa, de outro mundo. semeador: Manhazinha fria. Quando os dois velhos — que nao sAo,— Finca, fin-cra, qu'eu `ranco! qu'eu `ranco!... velhos — falam, sai-lhes da boca uma baforada branca, como Sobem, de escantilhao, para a copa da drvore, como urn se estivessem pitando. Mas eles ainda no tremem: frio mesmoborrifo de tinteiro. Gritam, gritam. Dal, para os pes de milho, frio vai ser daqui a pouco. descaem aos flocos, que nem os torrOes da Ultima pazada de Ha mais de duas horas que estdo all assentados, em silencio, urn foguista. TAP sabidos, que as grimpas de onde sairam como sempre. Porque, faz muito tempo, entra ano e sal ano, é balancam, mas nAo hd a menor agitacao nos sabres, nem nos toda manila assim. A preta vem corn os gravetos e a lenha. Os colmos e nem nas espigas do milharal. dois se sentam no cocho, Primo Argemiro da banda do rio. Podem zombar, podem chamar o resto dos melros, podem Primo Ribeiro do lado do mato. A preta acende o foguinho. O. comer o milho todo e o arrozal já selvagem. Porque, mais da cachorro corre, muitas vezes, ate Id na tranqueira, depois set metade de uma hora é passada, e nada dos dois homens se chega tambern cá para perto. A preta traz café e cachaca c mexerem de onde estap. limAo. Primo Argemiro sopra os ticaes e ajunta as brasasi. Mas Primo Ribeiro nunca teve esses olhos esti:adios e nem um pouco antes ou um pouco depois do sol, que tern um j esse ar de fantasma. E Primo Argemiro tern de puxar qualquer de aparecer sempre bonito e sempre diferente, Primo Ri conversa: diz: — Olha, Primo, sea gente um dia puder sarar, eu ainda hei— Ei, Primo, al vem ela... e plantar uma roca, no lancante que trepa para o espigAo. — Danadal... Deve de ser born a gente poder capinar ba em riba, de manila — Olh'ele al... o friozinho nas costas... cedinho... Tern uma noruega, Id atras, cheia de samambaia e E quando Primo Ribeiro bate coin as maos nos bolsos, é parasita roxa. Eu havia de fazer uma roca de tres quartas, mas porque vai tomar uma pitada de p6. E quando Primo Argem, corn uns cinco camaradas no eito, todo o mundo cantando e estende a mdo, é pedindo o cornimboque. E quando qualq' puxando o cacumbu!... dos dois apOia a mdo no cocho, é porque estd sentindo falta de — Pra que, Primo Argemiro?.. A gente nem tern pra quern ar. deixar... E a maleita é a "danada"; "coitadinho" é o perdigueiro; Silencio. Passopretos. Silncio. Ciscado das galinhas. "Eles", a gente do povoado, que ndo mais existe no povoa Passopretos. Silencio, Primo Ribeiro: e "os outros" ski os raros viajantes que passam Ia embai — Primo Argemiro! porque nao quiseram ou nao puderam dar volta para pegar a E, corn imenso trabalho, ele gira no assento, conseguindo ponte nova, e atalham pelo vau. por-se de banda, meio assim. Primo Argemiro olha o rio, vendo a cerracAo se desman Primo Argemiro pode mais: transporta uma perna e se Do colmado dos juncos, se estira o voo de uma garca, e escancha no cocho. direcao a mata. Tambem, Primo Argemiro ndo pode olhar Que 6, Primo Ribeiro? muito: ficam-lhe muitas garcas pulando, diante dos olhos, que' ; — Lhe pedir uma coisa... Voce faz? doem e choram, por Si SOS, longo tempo. — Vai dizendo, Primo. — Esta custando, Primo Argemiro... , — Pois entdo, olha: quando for a minha hora, voce nao — E do remedio... Um dia ele ainda há-de dar conta da • deixa me levarem pra o arraial... Quero ir mas é pra o cemiterio danadal... do povoado... Esta desdeixado, mas ainda é chao de Deus... 0 sol cresce, amadurece. Mas eles estOo esperando e a, febre, mais o tremor. Primo Ribeiro parece urn defunto — Voce chama o padre, bem ern-antes... E aquelas coisinhas que sarro de amarelo na cara chupada, olhos sujos, desbrilhados, estdo numa capanga bordada, enroladas em papel-de-venda e tudo passado corn cadarco, no fundo da canastra... se rato ndo e as mdos pendulando, compondo o equilibrio, sempre a roeu... voce enterra junto comigo... Agora eu ndo quero mexer escorar dos lados a bambeza do corpo. Maos moles, sem Depois tern tempo... Voce promete?... firmeza, que deixam cair tudo quanto ele queira pegar. Baba, baba, cospe, cospe, vai fincando o queixo no peito; e trouxe cá — Deus me livre e guarde, Primo Ribeiro... 0 senhor ainda vai durar mais do que eu. para fora a caixinha de remedio, a cornicha de p0 e mais o — Eu s6 quero saber é se voce prom ete... cobertor. — Pois entAo, se tiver de ser desse jeito de que Deus nao — 0 seu inchou mais, Primo Argemiro? ha-de querer, eu prometo. — Olha aqui como é que estd... E o seu, Primo? BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996 3o
— Deus The ajude, Primo Argemiro. E Primo Ribeiro desvira o corpo e curva ainda mais a cara. Quem sabe se ele ndo vai morrer mesmo? Primo Argemiro tern medo do silencio. — Primo Ribeiro, o senhor gos,ta daqui?... — Que pergunta! Tanto faz... E born, pra se acabar mais ligeiro... 0 doutor deu prazo de urn ano... Voce lembra? — Lembro! Doutor apessoado, engracado... Vivia atrds dos mosquitos, conhecia as ragas Ia deles, de olhos fechados, so pela toada da cantiga... Disse que no era das frutas e nem Que era o mosquito que punha um bichinho da amaldicoado no sangue da gente... Ninguem no acreditou... Nem no arraial. Eu estive Id, corn ele... — Primo Argemiro, o que adianta... — ...Entdo ele ficou bravo, pois no foi? Comeu goiaba, comeu melancia da beira do rio, bebeu dgua do Para., e ndo teve nada... — Primo Argemiro... — ...Depois dormiu sem cortinado, corn janela aberta... Apanhou a intermitente; mas o povo ficou acreditando... — Escuta! Primo Argemiro... Voce estd falando de-carreira, so para ndo me deixar falar! —Mas, entao, no fala em morte, Primo Ribeiro!... Eu, por nada que ndo queria ver o senhor se ir primeiro do que eu... —Prayer!... Esta carcaca bem que estd agtientando... Mas, agora, já estou vendo o meu descanso, que estd chega-ndochega, na horinha de chegar... — Ndo fala isso, Primo!... Olha aqui: no foi pena ele ter ido s'embora? Eu tinha fd ern que acabava corn a doenca... — Melhor ter ido mesmo... Tudo tern de chegar e de ir s'embora outra vez... Agora é a minha cova que está me chamando... Al e que eu quero ver! Nenhumas ruindades deste mundo ndo tern poder de segurar a gente pra sempre, Primo Argemiro... — Escuta, Primo Ribeiro: se alembra de quando o doutor deu a despedida pra o povo do povoado? Foi de manha cedo, assim como agora... 0 pessoal estava todo sentado nas portas das casas, batendo queixo. Ele ajuntou a gente... Estava muito triste... Falou: — "No adianta tomar remedio, porque o mosquito torna a picar... Todos tern de se mudar daqui... Mas andem depressa, pelo amor de Deus!..." — Foi no tempo da eleicao de seu Major Vilhena... Tiroteio corn tres mortes... — Foi seis meses em-antes-de eta ir s'embora... De branco a mais branco, olhando espantado para o outro. Primo Argemiro se perturbou. Agora estd vermelho, muito. Desde que eta se foi, ndo falaram mais no seu nome. Nem uma vez. Era como se ndo tivesse existido. E, agora... — E isso, Primo Argemiro... NA() adianta mais sojigar a Esta noite sonhei corn eta, bonita como no dia do casamento... E de madrugadinha, inda bem as garrixas ainda no tinham pegado a cochichar na beirada das telhas, tive noticia de que ia morrer... Agora mesmo, `garrei a `maginar: nao e que a gente pelejou pra esquecer e ndo teve nenhum jeito?... Entao resolvi achar melhor deixar a cabeca solta... E a cabeca solta pensa nela, Primo Argemiro... — Tanto tempo, Primo Ribeiro!... — Muito tempo... — 0 senhor sofreu muito! E ainda a maldita da sezdo... — A maleita no e nada. Ate ajudou a gente a ndo pensar... Primo Argemiro cata pulgas invisiveis nas pernas das calcas. Acerta a correia da cintura. Coca a roupa. NA° quer olhar para o outro. Mc) pode. Afinal, por perguntar, pergunta: — Por que é que foi, que so hoje é que o senhor sonhou corn ela, Primo Ribeiro? — Ndo sei ndo... S6 sei 6 que se eta, por urn falar, desse de chegar Aqui de repente, ate a febre sumia... — E... Se eta chegasse, ate a febre sumia... — Tambem, ndo sei: eu hoje cansei de sofrer calado... Vern urn dia em que a gente fica frouxo e arreia... Tambem, eu s6 estou falando 6 corn voce, que 6 pra mim que nem urn irmao. Se duvidar nem urn filho ndo era capaz de ser to companheiro, tao meu amigo, nesses anos todos... E nao quis me deixar sozinho, mesmo tendo, como tern, aquelas suas terras tao boas, ld no Rio do Peixe. Ndo precisava de ter ficado... 0 sofrimento era se meu. — Eu tambem senti muito, Primo Ribeiro. Primo Argemiro falou olhando para o coqueiro cintado, erguido Ia adiante do cruzeiro, corn as palmas recurvas remando o vento. BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
— Eu sei, rimo. Voce tern born coracdo... 0 perdigue ro despertou e veio fazer festas, dando de rabo, esfregando-lhe nas pernas os calombos das costas, cheias de bernes, que nin udm tern animo para catar. Bate a lingua, bate orelhas, e anda urta distancia, boleando as patas, corn donaire de dama. — Eu ach ate que é born falar. Quern sabe... Assim, ao menos,,nao fic roendo, doendo dentro da gente... — E mesm . Pra desacochar. Eu nem sei como o senhor ndo morreu, q ando... — Chorei o escondido. Agora ndo me importo de contar. — Ela foi ma ingrata, ndo foi, Primo Ribeiro?... A gente toma amor ate a criacdo, ate aos cachorros. E eta... — S6 tres os de casados!... Lembra, Primo Argemiro?... Voce veio mor r comigo dois meses depois, pra plantar a meia o arroz... Eu do tenho raiva dela... Nao tenho ndo. Ainda ficava mais tri te, se soubesse que ela andava penando por al a toa. Agora, • tal, esse... Mesmo doente e assim acabado, eu ainda havia de .. — Sosseg , Primo Ribeiro. Levanta os bracos: o senhor esta botando s ngue pelo nariz... — E de fi r corn a cabeca abaixada. Já, já, passa. — E ndo. da doenca... — Jd, ja, p ssa. — Ai, Pri o Ribeiro, por que foi que o senhor nao me deixou ir atrd deles, quando eles fugiram? Eu matava o homem e trazi minha prima de volta pra — Pra que Primo Argemiro? Que 6 que adiantava?... Eu lido podia fica corn eta mais... Na hora, quando a Maria Preta me deu o reca o dela se despedindo, mandando dizer que ia acompanhar o outro porque gostava era dele e ndo gostava mais de mim, eu fiquei meio doido... Mas ndo quis ir atrds, ndo... Tive ver onha dos outros... Todo-o-mundo já sabia... E, eta, eu tinha obrigacdo de matar tambem, e sabia que a coragem pra i so havia de faltar... Tambem, nesse tempo, a gente já estav amaleitado, pois ndo estava?... Foi born a sezdo ter vindo, Priiio Argemiro, pra isto aqui virar urn ermo e a gente poder fi ar mais sozinho... Ai, Primo, mas eu ndo sei o que e que eu WO° hoje, que tido acerto um jeito de poder tirar a ideia dela... mundo!... A sombra do cedro vem se encostar no cocho. Primo Ribeiro levan ou os ombros; comeca a tremer. Corn muito atraso. Mas le tern no bac° duas colmeias de bichinhos maldosos, qu ndo se misturam, soltando enxames no sangue em dias alter ados. E assim nunca precisa de passar urn dia sem tremer. Olha o fri at, Primo Argemiro... Me ajuda... Enrola-se mais no cobertor. Os dentes se golpeiam. Desencontrad s, dancam-lhe todos os musculos do corpo. — Quer o remedio, Primo? — Ndo v u tomar mais... Ndo adianta. Esta custando muito a cheg r a morte... E eu quero 6 morrer. — Isso at 6 ofender a Deus... Ceicdo! 0 Ceicdo! A negra ao escuta. Deve estar Id na porta da cozinha, batendo roup ou tirando decoada da barrela, para fazer sabdo. Primo Ar emiro se agarrou corn as mdos nos joelhos. Os maxilares estri ndam; sO param debater quando ele faz vomitos. E estd cor de era-do-reino quando pega a derreter. — Ai, Pri o Argemiro, eu, numa hora dessas... s6 queria era me deita por riba de urn fogueirdo!... Que frio... Que frio!... E o di bo do sol que ndo quenta coisa nenhuma... 0 perdig eiro morrinhento pula em volta do cocho. — Nao de xa esse cachorro vir lamber minha cara, Primo... You me deita aqui... — Sai Jil ' 1 Primo Ri eiro se deixa cair no lajedo, todo encolhido e sacudido de remor. Primo Argemiro fica bem quieto. NA° adianta fazer nada. E ele tern muita coisa sua para imaginar. Depressa, en uanto Primo Ribeiro entrega o corpo ao acesso e parece ter partido para muito longe dali, ndo podendo adivinhar oq ea gente esta pensando. E Primo Argemiro sabe aproveitar, sabe correr ligeiro pelos bons c minhos da lembranca. Como er mesmo que eta era?!... Morena, os olhos muito pretos... Tao bonital... Os cabelos muito pretos... Mas ndo paga a pena q erer pensar onde 6 que eta pode estar a uma hora destas... Qua do fugiu, que baque! Que tristeza... NA° esperava aquilo, ndo e perava... Parecia combinar bem coin o marido... Primo Ribeir naquele tempo era alegre... E ele sentira ate cidmes de Pr mo Ribeiro, cid= bobo, porque Primo Ribeiro 31
era quern tinha direito a ela e ao seu amor... Esquisita, sim, que ela era... De riso alegrinho mas de olhar duro... Que bonital... 0 boiadeiro tinha ficado tres dias na fazenda, corn desculpa de esperar outra ponta de gado... Nao era a primeira vez que ele se arranchava all. Mas nunca ninguem tinha visto os dois conversando sozinhos... Ele, Primo Argemiro, nao tinha feito nenhuma ma iddia... — Sai, Ji16!... Bota abaixo, diabo!... Assim! Assim, cachorrinho born... Bern que havia de ser razoavel ter podido ao menos dizer a prima que eta era o seu amor... Porque, assim, tinha fugido sem saber, sem desconfiar de nada... Mas etc nunca pensara em fazer um malfeito daqueles, ainda mais morando na casa do marido, que era seu parente... Isso nao! Queria sO viver perto dela... Poder ve-la a todo instante... E Primo Ribeiro nunca tinha posto maldade... Tambem que é que havia, para etc poder maldar?... Nada... SO, uma vez, debaixo das jabuticabeiras... Nesse dia, quase que perdera a forp de ser correto. Viu-a de vestido azul-do-mar... Os braps cor de jenipapo... As maos deviam de ser macias... Mas Deus ajudou, tirando-lhe a coragem... Iamb& , se tivesse faltado corn o respeito a mulher do Primo Ribeiro, teria sumido no mundo, na mesma da hora, corn remorso... Aquilo tinha sido tres meses antes-de eta fugir. Mas antes, bem ern-antes disso, teve uma vez em que ela desconfiou. Foi logo que ele chegara a fazenda, uns dias depois. Estava olhando, assim esquecido, para os olhos... olhos grandes, escuros e meio de-quina, como os de uma suassuapara... para a boquinha vermelha, como for de suina... — "Voce parece que nunca viu a gente, Primo!... Voce precisa mas é de campear noiva e cacar jeito de se casar..." — dissera ela, rindo. Ele tinha ficado meio palerma, sem ter nada para responder. .. Teria ela adivinhado o seu bem-querer?... Nao, falara aquilo por brincadeira, decerto. Mas, quern sabe...? Mulher ë mulher... E que born que seria, se ela tivesse ficado sabendo! Ao menos, agora, de vez em quando se lembraria dele, dizendo: "Primo Argemiro tambem gostou de mim..." As palmas do coqueiro estao agora paradas de todo. As galinhas foram pastar as folhas baixas do melao-de-saocaetano. Nem resto de brumas na baixada. 0 sot cam inhou muito. Primo Argemiro já se acostumou corn o trincar de dentes e corn os gemidos de Primo Ribeiro. Nao pode dar-the ajuda nenhuma. 0 que pode é pensar. E pensa mais, quase cochilando, gemendo tambem, corn as ferroadas no bap. Pensa a toa, como os tico-ticos, que debicam na terra ciscada pelas gal inhas, e dao carreirinhas tao engracadas, que a gente nem sabe se eles estao cruzando aos pulinhos ou se é voo rasteiro sO. ...Nao adiantou ter sido tao direito... Sc ele, Primo Argemiro, tivesse tido coragem... Sc tivesse sido mais esperto... Talvez ela gostasse... Podia ter querido fugir corn ele; o boiadeiro ainda nao tinha aparecido... Agora, ela havia de Sc lembrar, achando que era um pamonha, um homem sem decisao... E, no entanto, viera para a fazenda so por causa dela... Primo Ribeiro nao punha malicia em coisa nenhuma... Sim, os dois tinham sido bem solos, s6 o homem de fora era quern sabia lidar corn mulher!... — Nao! Fez bem. Era a mesma coisa que crime!... Nem e born pensar nisso. Amanha etc vai ao capoeirao, tirar mel de irussu para o Primo Ribeiro... Deus que livre a gente desses maus pensamentos!... Primo Ribeiro vai ficar satisfeito: ele gosta de mel do mato, corn farinha... Primo Ribeiro vai ter sua alegriazinha... — Pra que é que ha-de haver mulher no mundo, meu Deus?!... — Hein?!... Primo Argemiro estremece. Tinha pensado alto. E agora Primo Ribeiro esta espiando para ele, meio espantado, corn o branco dos olhos riscadinho de vermelho, no lugar das manchas amarelas de sempre. Hd muito que jogou para urn lado o cobertor e voltou a sentar-se no cocho. Passado o frio, passada a tremura, vem a hora de Primo Ribeiro variar. Primo Argemiro nao gosta. Nao se habitua aquilo. Ele, nos seus acessos, nao varia nunca: nao tern licenca: se delirar, pode revelar o seu segredo. Tern de ter tento na cabeca e de subjugar a doideira, e sofre o dem onio, por via disso. Mas, mesmo assim, ainda é melhor do que ter de ouvir as coisas que Primo Ribeiro desanda a falar
entre o tremor e o suor. Ate a cara de Primo Ribeiro faz medo, de tao vermelha que esta. Parece que ele engordou, de repeqte. Inchap. E esta pegando fogo... — 0 calorao, Primo! E que dot de cabep excomungada. — E urn instantinho e passa... E s6 ter paciencia... — E... passa... passa... passa... Passam umas mulheres vestidas de cor-de-agua, sem olhos na cara, para nao terem de olhar a gente... S6 ela é que nao passa, Primo Argemiro!... E euja estou cansado de procurar, no meio das outras... Nao vem!... Foi, rio abaixo, corn o outro... Foram pros infernos!... —Nao foi, Primo Ribeiro. Nao foram pelo rio. Foi trem de ferro que levou! — Nao foi no rio, eu se... No rio ninguem nao anda... S6 a maleita é quern sobe e desce, olhando seus mosquitinhos e pondo neles a bencao... Mas, na historia... Como é mesmo a hist6ria, Primo? Como V... — 0 senhor bem sabe, Primo... Tern paciencia que nao born variar... — Mas, a histOria, Primo? Com '6? Conta outra vez... — 0 senhorja sabe as palavras todas de cabeca... "Foi o mop-bonito que apareceu, vestido corn roupa de dia-dedoming° e corn a viola enfeitada de fitas. E chamou a moca pra ir se fugir corn ele..." — Espera, Primo, elas estao passando... Vao umas atras das outras... Cada qual mais bonita... Mas eu nao quero, nenhumal... Quero so ela... Luisa... — Prima Luisa... — Espera urn pouco, deixa vet se eu vejo. Me ajuda, Primo! Me ajuda a ver... — Nao é nada, Primo Ribeiro... Deixa disso! — Nao é mesmo nao... — Pois entao?! — Conta o resto da estorial... — "Entao, a moca, que nao sabia que o moco-bonito era O capeta, ajuntou suas roupinhas melhores numa trouxa, e foi corn etc na canoa, descendo o rio..." — A moca que eu estou vendo agora é uma sO, Primo. Olhal... E bonita, muito bonita. E a sezao. Mas nao quero... Bern que o doutor quando pegou a febre e estava variando disse... voce lembra?... disse que a maleita era uma mulher de muita lindeza, que morava de noite nesses brejos, e na hora da gente tremer era quern vinha e ninguem nao via que era ela quem estava mesmo beijando a gente... Mas, acaba de contar a estOria, Primo... — E tao triste... — Nao faz mat, conta! — "... Entao, quando os dois estavam fugindo na canoa, o moco bonito, que era o capeta, pegou na viola, tirou uma toada e comecou a cantar: Eu you rodando rio-abaixo, Sinha... Eu you rodando rio-abaixo, Sinha... — E al?... —0 senhor esta cansado de saber... "Ai a canoinha sumiu na volta do rio... E ninguem nao Ode saber pra onde foi que eles foram, nem se a mop, quando viu que o mop bonito era o diabo, se eta pegou a chorar... ou se morreu de medo... ou fez o sinal-da-cruz... ou se abrapu corn etc assim mesmo, porque ja tinha criado amor... E, ca de riba, o povo escutou a voz dele, Ia longe, muito longe..." — Canta como foi, Primo... — E a mesma cantiga... — Mas, canta! Eu you rodando rio-abaixo, Sinha... Eu you rodando rio-abaixo, Sinha.. — Ai, Primo Argemiro, esta passando... Jã estou meio melhor... Sera que eu variei?... Falei muita bobagem?... — Falou nao, Primo... Daqui a pouco é a minha vez... Nao dilata pra chegar... Sim, daqui a pouco vai ser a sua hora. Aqui a febre serve de relogio. Ele ja esta ficando mais amolecido. Tambem deve ser de ter pensado muito. Antes o outro nao tivesse querido falar em nome guardado... Foi dar outra forp a saudade... E ele, que nem tern corn quem desabafar, nao tern a quern contar o seu sofrimento!... La onde esta o cruzeiro, morreu urn
32 BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
trabalhador de roca, um velho. Foi de repente, do coracdo... Sera que a gente ainda tern de viver muito?... — Primo Argemiro?... — Que 6, Primo Ribeiro? — Estou corn uma sede... Estou me queimando por dentro... Me faz a caridade de dar um eco na preta... — A negra ndo escuta... Eu you buscar a agua, Primo Ribeiro. — Deus Ihe pague, Primo. Primo Ribeiro respira a custo. Esta remexendo corn os dedos e falando sozinho outra vez. Ld vem o outro corn a caneca. Desce a escadinha, muito devagar. E magro, magrissimo. Chega tropego, bambo, meio curvante. — Ai, Primo Argemiro, nem sei o que seria de mim, se nao fosse o seu adjutOrio! Nem urn irmdo, nem um filho nao podia ser tdo born... ndo podia ser tdo carinhoso pra mim!... — Bobagem, Primo. Aproveita e toma o remedio tambem, tudo junto, de uma vez. — Ndo quero, falei! Quero mas é ajudar este corpo a se acabar... ...(— "Nem urn irtndo nem urn filho!"...) ele esta mas enganando o cpmpanheiro!... Hd quantos anos que esconde aquilo... Mop! E hoje!... Ndo estd. direito... Tern de confessar... — Primo Ribeiro... eu nunca tive coragem pra Ihe contar uma coisa... Vou The contar uma coisa... 0 senhor me perdoa?!... — Chega aqui pra mais perto e fala mais alto, Primo, que essa zoeira nos ouvidos quase que ndo deixa a gente escutar... — Não foi culpa minha... Foi urn castigo de Deus, por causa de meus pecados. 0 senhor me perdoa, ndo perdoa?!... — Que foi isso, Primo? Fala de uma vez! — Eu... eu tambem gostei dela, Primo... Mas respeitei sempre... respeitei o senhor... sua casa... NOs somos parentes... Espera, Primo! Ndo foi culpa minha, foi má-sorte minha... Primo Ribeiro arregalou os olhos. Calcou a mdo na madeira do cocho. Fez forca para se levantar. — Ndo teve nada, Primo!... Juro!... Por esta luz!... Nem ela nunca ficou sabendo... Por alma de minha mde! As pernas de Primo Ribeiro se recusam a agiientar-lhe o corpo. Primo Argemiro se levantou tambem. Quer ajudar o outro a se suster. — Me larga! Me larga e fala como homem! — Já falei, Primo. Me perdoa... — Voce veio morar aqui corn a gente, foi por causa dela, foi?... — Foi, Primo. Mas nunca... — E foi por isso que voce ndo quis ir s'embora... depois?... Esperando para ver se algum dia ela voltava, foi?!... — Nao, Primo... Isso ndo!... NA° foi nada por causa. Eu tambern sofri muito... Ndo queria mais nada no mundo... E foi por causa do senhor, tambem... Quando ela deixou de estar aqui, eu fiquei querendo um bem enorme ao senhor... e esta casa de fazenda... aos trens todos daqui... At6 a majeital... — Fui picado de cobra... Fui picado de cobra... 0 mundo! — Mas, sossega, Primo Ribeiro... Já the jurei que nao faltei nunca ao respeito a ela... Nem eu ndo era capaz de cair num pecado desses.. — Fui picado de cobra... — 0 senhor estd variando... Escuta! Me escuta, pelo amor de Deus... — Ndo estou variando, nao, em-antes estivesse!... Some daqui, homem! Vai pras suas terras... Vai pra bem longe de mim!... Mas vai logo de uma vez! — Quero morrer nesta hora, se algum dia eu pensei em fazer sua desonra, Primo! — Anda, por caridade!... Vai emboral... — Pensa ate mais logo, Primo... Pensa ate hoje de-tarde. — Este caco de fazenda ainda bem que é meu... E meu!... Anda! Andal... NA() quero ver voce mais... — Me dã um prazo, Primo. Ate o senhor melhorar... — Vai! — Estou pagando o que ndo fiz... — Vai! — 0 senhor ainda pode precisar de mim, Primo, que sou o imico amigo que o senhor tern... — Entdo, vai, Primo!... Voce ndo tern pena de mim, que nao tenho arma nenhuma aqui comigo, e nem que tivesse, ndo rejo mais nem forca pra The matar?! E Primo Ribeiro, branco, encaveirado, soprando, e levantando o queixo a cada ofego, caiu sentado no casco de BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
cocho outra vez. — Pois en do, adeus, Primo! Me perdoa e ndo guarda Odio de mim, que 4i Ihe quero muito bem... — Ajunta uas coisas e vai... — Ndo te ho nada... Ndo careeo mais de nada... 0 que meu vai aqui eomigo... Adeus! E Primo Argemiro reune as suas forcas. E anda. TranspOe o curral, por entre os pes de milho. Os passopretos, ao verem urn espantal o caminhando, debandam, bulhentos. 0 perdigueiro d focinho grosso vem correndo tambem. Vem, mas diz que n o vem: vira a cabeca, olha para Primo Ribeiro, que Ia esta sen ado ainda, curvado para o chdo. 0 cachorro estd desatinado. P ra. Vai, volta, olha, desolha... NA° entende. Mas sabe qu estd acontecendo alguma coisa. Latindo, choramingan o, chorando, quase uivando. Porque tern ordem de ser sempre fiel, e ndo sabe mais, ndo se recorda mais qual dos dois horn ns sera o seu dono verdadeiro. Quando o utro passouatranqueira, Primo Ribeiro levantou a cabeca, e es iou. Sua, sua: assim corpo e roupa; a testa que sO um esco rer. Fecha os olhos, parecendo que nem pode morrer. Mas Prim Argemiro anda sem se voltar. Agora atravessa o matinho. — I-v-v-v!... 0 primeiro calafrio... A maleita jd chegou. 0 cachorrp ainda pulou-lhe adiante, ganindo, pedindo... Depois, paro . Nao quer ir mars longe. — Adeus, JilO!... Fica. Nin uem nao mandou que ele fosse embora... Ele pode hear... Outro gra de arrepio. Que frio!... E, no entanto, as drvores estdo agora s m sombra, e o sol, se caisse, se espetaria no estipe verde o coqueiro. A erva-m e-boa derrama cachos floridos, no meio das folhas em co acOes. Muitas flores. Azuis... Foi num vestido azul que ele a iu pela segundavez, no terco de sao Sebastido... Tantos anos!. . Quando a verd ainda?!... No Ceti, talvez... Mas, mesmo no Ce , ela terd que gostar do boiadeiro da Iporanga... E ele, Arge rro, terd de respeitar Primo Ribeiro, que e o marido em n me de Deus... Mas, q ando a viu, acompanhando o terco, já gostava dela, já Ihe ti ha amor... Desde de-manha... na porta da casa, saindo para a missa, ela corn a mde e as irmds... Já estava de casamento tr tado corn Primo Ribeiro... Talvez que ela nao fosse a moca ais bonita do arraial... E ndo era mesmo. Mas o amor e assi Nunca m is? Nunca mais... Ai, meu Deus! por mim era muito melho ndo ter ceu nenhum... Por aq ele tempo, Argemiro dos Anjos era urn moco bem-parecid , de figura, e corn oitenta alqueires de terra de cultura, afor algum dinheiro de pane... Ai! que o frio cai entre os ombros, e vai pelas costas, e escorre das ci stas para o corpo todo, como fios de agua fina. Zoa nos ouv'dos confuso sussurro, e para diante dos olhos vem corsrnha , querendo dancar. Ir, para o de? ...A prim ira vez que Argemiro dos Anjos viu Luisinha, foi numa ma hd de dia-de-festa-de-santo, quando o arraial se adornava co arcos de bambu e bandeirolas, e o povo se espalhava co tente, calcado e no trinque, vestido cada um corn a sua roupa elhor... Jr para o de!... Ndo importa, para a frente e que a gente vai... Mas, de ois. Agora 6 sentar nas folhas secas, e agiientar. 0 comeco do acesso 6 born, e gostoso: é a Onica coisa boa que a vida ainda em. Para, para tremer. E para pensar. Tambem. Estremec m amarelas as flores da aroeira. Hd urn fremito nos caules ro ados da erva-de-sapo. A erva-de-anum crispa as folhas, longas, como folhas de mangueira. Trepidam, sacudindo as suas estrelinhas alaranjadas, os ramos da vassourinha. Tirita a mam na, de folhas peludas, como se o corselete de urn cassununga, ,)rilhando ern verde-azul. A pitangueira se abala do jarrete a grimpa. E o acoita-cavalos derruba frutinhas fendilhadas, entrando em convulseles. — Mas, meu Deus, como isto é bonito! Que lugar bonito pra gente deitar no chdo e se acabar!... E o mato todo enfeitado, tremendo tambem corn a sezdo. This version of "Sarapalha" was originally published in Maravilhas do Conto Moderno Brasileiro by Editora Cultrix, Sao Paulo. 33
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Ugly uckling? Despite all the bad press the state of Espirito Santo does have its charm and attractions to offer. Places such as the fishing villages and the southern coast's beaches. To the north the sand dunes at !tau as are worth a visit. If B azil were to have a contest for the least ap ealing state, Sergipe would be a context r, but Espirito Santo would win the pri e. Perhaps Espirito Santo suffers most d e to the glory of its neighboring states, inas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. n any case it's a small state with little to interest the traveler. Col nized in the 16th century, Espirito Santo g ew as an armed region to prevent gold fr m being smuggled out of Minas. In the 1800s, Germans and Italians came to the state and settled in the hills of the interior„ Until the 1960s, coffee plantations were the prime source of income but that ha been superseded by heavy indus-
The Villa Velha church. BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
35
try. The coastline away from Vit6ria is clean but not particularly pretty. The turbulent surf kicks up sand which gives the water a muddy brown hue rather than the aquamarine found in Bahia or Rio. In all fairness, Espirito Santo does have some attractions, humble as they may be. Some of the fishing villages and beaches on the southern coast are attractive; however they have no provisions for tourists. To the north, Conceicao da Barra and the nearby sand dunes at Itailnas are worth a visit. Excellent seafood is available in Espirito Santo; especially noteworthy is the moqueca capixaba which is made without dende oil. VITORIA Being 521 km from Rio de Janeiro and 602 km from Porto Seguro, VitOria, capital of the state of Espirito Santo, is a convenient place to break the journey between Rio and the state of Bahia. Founded in 1551, Vitoria has remarkably little to show of its colonial past. It's a port city, connected by rail with Minas Gerais. Large amounts of export coffee and timber pass through here, and the port at nearby Tubarao is the outlet for millions of tons of iron ore. Orientation The main bus station is a km from the center of town. There are two strips of beach: Praia de Camburi, a 10minute bus ride away to the north-east ofthe city, and Praia da Costa, 12 km away to the south at Vila Velha. Information Tourist Office Emcatur, the state tourism authority, has the tough job of promoting tourism in Espirito Santo. It maintains booths at the airport and the main bus station. They're supposed to be open daily from 8 am to 7 pm, but don't bet on this. They 36
have lots of colored brochures of the various points of interest in the state, but no decent maps of the city. The Emcatur advisors also have hotel information (but not prices) in the mid to top-end range, but they can't make reservations because they don't have a phone. The best map of the city and its surrounds can be found in the middle pages of the local telephone directory, unless you happen to look in the copy I got mine from. Praia de Camburi This five-km stretch of beach is where you'll find lots of restaurants, mid-range hotels and nightspots. It's not good for swimming, as its proximity to the port at Tubarao means there's usually some oil or chemicals in the water. Vila Velha This was first place colonized in Espirito Santo. The most interesting thing to do here is climb up to the Convento da Penha. On top of a 154-meter granite outcrop, this is a major pilgrimage center where, in the week after Easter, thousands of devotees come to pay homage to the image of Nossa Senhora da Penha, some even making the climb on their knees. The convent is presently undergoing restoration, but the panoramic view of Vitoria makes the trip up worth it. Praia da Costa is close to the convent. It's the main Vila Velha beach and has fewer hotels and restaurants than Camburi, but it's better for swimming. Around Town The pink Anchieta Palace, on Praca Joao Climaco, is a 16th-century former Jesuit college and church. It's now the seat of state government, and the only part you can enter is the tomb of Padre Anchieta, co-founder of Sao Paulo. Close by is the Catedral Metropolitana, with its neo-gothic exterior and interesting stained-glass windows. Teatro Carlos Gomes on Praca Costa Pereira is a replica of La Scala in Milan. The Parque Moscoso is where the Cap ixabas, as natives of the state are called, go for a break. Getting There & Away It's all too easy to get here — the trick is to get away. The bus station on Ilha do Principe has
connections to all major cities. To Belo Horizonte, nine buses a day make the eighthour trip. Direct to Ouro Preto, there's a bus at 10.45 pm. To Porto Seguro, there's one daily bus at 9 am. To Rio de Janeiro, 11 buses make the eight-hour journey. Getting Around The airport is 10 km from the city center. There's a local bus that goes there from the bus station. Funnily enough, it's marked 'Pieroporto'. Bus — All local buses run from the various stops outside the main rodoviaria. As in Rio de Janeiro, the route is written on the side of the bus. To get into the center, catch any bus that goes along Avenida Vitoria. When you pass the pink palace on the left-hand side, get out at the next stop. It's only a threeminute ride. For Camburi, catch any bus that goes along Avenida Dante Michelini. To Vila Velha, catch an all yellow or all blue bus. To get to Praia da Costa, you'll have to catch another bus from the Vila Velha terminal. GUARAPARI Guarapari is the most prominent resort town of Espirito Santo. It's too big a city to be a proper beach town but there are 23 beaches in the municipality, each with a lovely mountain backdrop. The best beach is Praia do Morro; unlike the others it doesn't have too many stones, and it does have the healing monazitic radioactive sands touted in Espirito's brochures. [A reader comment: Guarapari was an excellent base for a family holiday. We enjoyed being off the beaten tourist track in a genuine Brazilian holiday resort — albeit out of season. From Praia do Morro there is an excellent walk around the headland through brushland where birds abound, to lovely unBRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
spoiled coves. There are superb views back towards Guarapari and Muquicaba with the backdrop of the dramatic coastal range of mountains. To the south of Guarapari, at the tiny resort of Meaipe, there is a magnificent beach. At lunchtime, stroll off the sand into the Cantina de Curuca for excellent lobster and prawns. — Commander M. K. Barrit Royal Navy (UK) ] Getting There & Away From VitOria, buses make the 75-minute run every hour from 6 am to 9 pm. To VitOria, buses run hourly from 6 am to 9.30 pm. Frequent buses make the 28-km trip to Anchieta. ANCHIETA Anchieta is 88 km south of VitOria. Its attractions are the 16th-century church of Nossa Senhora de Assuncao and, alongside, the Museu Padre Anchieta. The church walls are original; they were built by Padre Anchieta and the local Indians. The museum is no big deal, although it contains the chair of Padre Anchieta and some relics (closed Monday). Getting There & Away To Guarapari, buses run every 20 to 30 minutes from 6 am to 6.50 pm. To PiUma, 12 km away, they run every 30 to 40 minutes from 6 am to 7.20 pm PII:JMA Known as the 'City of Shells', Pitima is a small village 100 km south of VitOria. The rarest shell in the world, Oliva Zelindea, is occasionally found here. There are some nice beaches around here and some offshore islands very close by which are worth a look. The coastline here is dominated by the 300-meterhigh, cone-shaped Monte Agha, which is good for hang-gliding and climbing. Islands Ilha do Gamba is connected to the mainland by a thin isthmus, and is home to lots of seabirds. Ilha dos Cabritos, 15 minutes away BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
by boat, has a good seafood restaurant. Ilha do Meio preserves wild orchids and native trees, and a large variety of lobsters, sea horses and starfish are found in the surrounding waters. To get a boat to the islands, ask the fishers along the beach. Beaches Praia Boca da Barra and Praia Maria Nenen are surf beaches, while Praia Acaiaca has calm water. Getting There & Away Frequent buses go to Anchieta and Marataizes. Only four buses a day r to VitOria., MARATAIZES The town of Marataizes caters to the working-class, Mineiro holiday crowd during high summer season, but lives off its small fishing industry the rest of the year. Every morning the town beach throbs with fishers, who pull lines in teams, haul in and sort the catch, fix nets and push tiny boats into the foamy sea. It is possible to hire a boat from Maratafzes or Itapaiva beach to the islands of Frances, Ovos or Itaputera. Getting There & Away Three buses a day go to VitOria, at 6 and 6.15 am, and 3.10 pm. There's also a bus to Rio de Janeiro which leaves at 10.30 pm. Around Marataizes Praia Marape is a lovely beach adjacent to a poor little fishing village about 30 km south of Marataizes. There is no formal accommodation here, but hardy travelers can make do. Praia das Neves, Praia Moroba and Praia Lagoa Boa Vista are reasonable beaches further to the north. DOMINGOS MARTINS Domingos Martins, also known as Campinho, is a small village settled by Germans in 1847. The pride of the town is the musical water clock decorated with figures of the 12 apostles; it's in the Restaurante Vista Linda, seven km before the town proper. Recanto dos Colibris, which is in towff at the far end of Avenida Presidente Vargas, is a pretty gathering spot. The town is a good base for exploring the streams and forests of the mountains. Fifty km further into the mountains at Arace are some fancier resort hotels with horses for hire. Getting There & Away Nine buses a day make the 41-km, hour-long trip from VitOria. SANTA TERESA Santa Teresa is a small town settled b Italian immigrants. The town has a pretty, flowered plaza and a cool, mountain climate suita le for vineyards. Nearby trips include the val ey of Canaa and the Reserva BiolOgica Nova Lombardia. Museu BiolOgico do Professor Melo I. eitio This museum is the town's main attraction. It represents the life's work of Augusto Ruchi, a staunch envionmentalist and world-renowned hummingbird expert, who died in 1986 after being poisoned by a frog. The museum also has a small zoo, a butterfly garden, a snake farm and
a large number of orchids and other flora. It's open only on weekends, from noon to 5 pm. Time your visit here accordingly, as it's very interesting. Getting There & Away Santa Teresa is two hours and 76 km from Vitoria. Seven buses a day make the journey. CONCEICAO DA BARRA Situated in the north of the state, 254 km from VitOria, Conceicao da Barra is a small town that lies between the mouths of the Itaimas and Cricare rivers. There are some quiet beaches in the area, like Praia da Barra, Bugia and Guaxindiba, but the main attractions are the Dunas de 'tams: 20 to 30-meter-high dunes of fine sand that engulfed the small village of Vila de Itatimas. Only the church tower is still visible. From the top of the dunes it's possible to see the sea, the Rio Itaimas and the surrounding, Atlantic rainforest. The dunes are 23 km from Conceicao da Barra. Getting There & Away There is only one daily direct bus from VitOria. It leaves at 10 am and arrives in Conceicao at 2 pm. Alternatively, you could catch a bus to SAo Mateus and then catch one of the frequent buses that make the 35-km trip from there to Conceicao; or catch any bus going to Bahia along BR-101, get off at the turnoff to Conceicao, and hitch or walk the 15 km to town.
Excerpts from Brazil A Travel Survival 2nd edition. by Andrew Draffen, Deanna Swaney and Robert Strauss. For more information call Lonely Planet: (800) 2758555. Copyright 1992 Lonely Planet Publications. Used by permission.
37
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TROPICAL TRAVEL 38
Your native ide from Salvador, Bahia, Gilda Oxumare
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
In altareer spanning three dec recororand partnerships wi nam of Brazil's pop mu Azevecko has become th voiceless -and the hope abE also an ambassad rhyth srn. FidshA AL "Se vocé vier para o gue der e vier comigo eu the prometo o so!, se hole o sol sair ou a chuva, se a chuva cair..." ("If you come, come what may, and come with me, 1 promise you the sun if today the sun comes out or the rain if it rains...") And so goes one of Geraldo Azevedo's most inspired lyrics that became of the anthems of the Northeast's repertoire of songs and of a whole generation of Brazilails And of course, this Pernambucano (from the state of Pernambuco) singer-composer's poetry always had a romantic side. "Lyrics have always been part of my career," he reminds us. Azevedo is a sensible and steady-paced artist. He came from a melancholic region, where folkloric songs have more melody. It was the slave's getaway where they would compose songs of regret. So, his music and his history became one. Brazil and its people echoed through his throat. His rhythms offrevo enchanted Brazil, the places where he lived or visited while traveling, the humble people, and the simple happiness that dancingforro ' transmits resonates through his songs. There's been some controversy about the origin of the wordfarro. One of the most common explanations talks about British engineers who went to the Northeast in the past century to build railroads, and who used to organize noisy parties that were opened "for all." Geraldo Azevedo was born in 1945 in Petrolina, a small town in the state of Pernambuco by the banks of the San Francisco river. Growing as a country boy Azevedo developed a very peculiar vision of the world and his own native Pernambuco. Early on, Azevedo began to be attracted by the music and the traditional songs of his corner of the world. At the age of 12 he was already playing guitar like no other. But soon all the peace brought by the San Francisco River and his tiny Petrolina weren't enough for that young man who sensed that beyond the waters of old Chico, as the river is affectionately called sometimes, there was another world to be sung in verse and song. BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
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In 1963 Geraldo decided to go to the nearest city, where he thought he would have a better chance to progress. Then he went to Recife, the state's capital, where he met female singer Teca Calazans and his first big partner percussionist Nand Vasconcelos, with whom he started Grupo ConstrucAo, his first folk-group. Soon after, he met renowned singer Eliana Pittman who took him in 1967 to Rio de Janeiro where he would establish his reputation as a musician. Immediately Geraldo Azevedo fell in love with Rio. As a virtuoso guitar player, he started playing with the great names of pop Brazilian music. And later joined the group, Quarteto Livre with Nand Vasconcelos, Nelson Angelo and Franklin, a group that accompanied legendary composer Geraldo Vandre, and with whom Azevedo composed the famous Canc'do de Despedida (Farewell Song). On December 13, 1968 the military government of Arthur da Costa e Silva closed Congress and put in force the AI-5 (Ato Institucional n° 5 — Intitutional Act no. 5). More restrictive than allother presidential decrees since the inception ofthe military regime in 1964, the AI-5 instituted censorship in the media and songs' lyrics were closely watched and frequently banned for political and sexual overtones. With Vandre in exile (his "Pra No Dizer que Nao Falei de Flores" — "So You Won't Say I Didn't Talk About Flowers," with the refrain quem sabe far: a hora, nc7o espera acontecer —"he who knows makes the hour, doesn't wait for things to happen" attracted the military wrath) the group was dissolved. , Soon after, Geraldo Azevedo joined his friend Alceu Valenca. Together they took part in a festival with a song called "78 RotacOes" (78 RPM) which became a hit. Since then Azevedo gained nationwide fame. Legendary Jackson do Pandeiro became his friend and partner at the International Song Festival of Rio de Janeiro in 1972. After a memorable appearance at the festival, Geraldo Azevedo and Alceu Valenca recorded their debut
•4111M10
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album which was named after the authors. aldo Azevedo Azevedo never stopped including the relish of NortheastSde o tempo de ern rhythms to his compositions. enuno.eu brideava His songs were included in the Din ar e sonbado soundtrack of Globo TV series héia ñatureza like Gabriela and Saramandaia. 1ijndo Me11*Pes viniento devil Famous now, Azevedo would firua nally record his first solo album 011C0 do taibor, that included songs that became ntodos'osarró classics. Tunes like "Caravana" (Caravan), "Em Copacabana" (In venid the Beach of Copacabana), and "Barcarola do Sao Francisco" uarams feste (Sdo Francisco's Barcarole). Fez In the middle of all this eiro burnbum os, todos devoGeraldo Azevedo first met actress and singer Elba Ramalho who introduced him to musicians itios fidis Pipo Spera, Eduardo Marquez and uandonAo era poser sonbo Pato Rores. "I remember the first tate tiinha urn time I saw Geraldo," reminisced elegirava em t omo Marquez, himself exiled in Bravenida 10 zil after fleeing the Uruguayan dictatorship. "We were recordmovirnento do paring Clube da Esquina, and at this time, our home was a boat... Elba pg° de bola nii Ramalho invited us to stay with a her for a while in her house in buodeiriebe e 0 Ipanema. She helped us very ite much." Born t)arquin o eu The partnership and friendquro passitr ship between them were promisAlitano carriaval ing. In 1979 they recorded Bicho tudo aquilo era vida de 7 Cabecas (Seven-Headed 4in ineio-aquela aleBeast) with songs by Tom Jobim, Caetano Veloso and Milton A b gu a aia a Nascimento. Again, this album thar gave a big boost to Azevedo's career. a abananeita After coming back from toura rn ing Angola, where he formed part Jsmeus amigos, Cu of the Calunga Project, Azevedo uinho, Botnfin, recorded his third album Inclisor,. nage-es Musicals, with special ainho e Moises participation of Sivuca, Jackson vtdo, Fernando do Pandeiro and arrangements by 0 e ()mar Dori Caymmi. Compositions like odos innaos Eris, pje tiets soirios sau"Dia Branco" (White Day), "Mop Bonita" (Pretty Girl) and a Avenida 10 "Canta Coracao" (Sing, Heart), were big hits and are remembered until today. Since then Geraldo Azevedo has been touring the world, exposing the Brazilian culture in France, Switzerland at the Jazz Festival in Montreux, Italy, Moscow where he performed at the International Youth Festival. In 1985, as part of the project Luz do Solo (Soil's Light), Azevedo launched his first live recording, at the Golden Room of Copacabana Palace in Rio de Janeiro. This work featured solo performances by a number of top Brazilian artists. The album covers the whole spectrum of Geraldo's influences, and goes from the unforgettable Luiz Gonzaga to the fabled Bob Dylan. But his major hit in Brazil was De Outra Maneira (In Another Way), produced independently, and preceding
venida 1 „
40
the recording tof the show Cantoria, perfornied at the Castro Alves Theatre in Salvador, Bahia, with the participation of his friends Elomar, gai and Vital Farias. Even though was recorded in Big Bear Lake California, the CD Berekeke e ressed all of Geraldo' s Brazil in characteristics. Soon after fining this work, he started travefflig extensively through Brazil, especially in the Northeast, his homeland, where he had a wide and growing audience. His music has proven to be a popular success and also received critical acclaim. Geraldo Azevedo, Ao Vivo... Comigo, one of his most recent recording, was issued by his own label Geracao, recorded live at the Guararapes Theatre in Recife, Yemanja Theatre in Salvador and Rival Theater in Rio de Janeiro. The singer-composer will be in Los Angeles to perform at the The John Anson For4 Amphitheater in Hollywood in celebration of The-fl September 7th, B zil's Indepenlebc dence Day. He wlU use the occasion to present Futuramerica his 19th record, recorded with his ponh rdetlisci,t:t 1 o long time partners musicians Pippo Espera, Eduardo Marquez and Pato. The new show had its debut at the Castro Alves Theatre in Salvador, Bahia. Futuramericaprings a collection of new song with lyrics by Capinam, CarlosiFernando and Fausto Nib, his l4ost recent musical partners, al ng with some of his own uniqu4 musical compositions. "This lbum reflects the work that Ge ldo Azevedo has created for 25 'ears, offering All the 'Eris brothe the public only the best, filling Today we are his career as a musician with nothing but dignity", comments Sergio Cabral, well-known music critic in Rio de Janeiro. According to iperaldo Azevedo, the name oethis CD reflects the will of an America eager to become better. "Its the fruit of concern for the future, ecology arid our planet's outlook", says the composer. People recognize me for my singing poems. I am happy about this, because it lets me continue to be truthful to my style. I think I will always be the incorrigible romantic" concludes the Pernambucano singer. Geraldo Azevedo, Elba Ramalho, Alceu Valenca and Ze Ramalho have decided to get together and record live at the famous Rio's nightclub Canecdo this coming October. The quartet also plans on recording a series of classics, some of which are Luiz Gonzaga's compositions. • BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Alfagamabetizado, the long awaited first CD by singer, composer, multiinstrumentalist, and creator of Timbalada, Carlinhos Brown, has arrived in the stores. A factory of rhythms and sonorous ideas, the 32 year old Baiano has been a professional musician for 10 years and is one of the few personalities of Brazilian popular music that became famous through the recordings of other artists. In the past few years there has been a lot of talk about this character who seems to be full of creative witchcraft but never before released a disc under his own name. Sergio Mendes, Marisa Monte, Djavan, Daniela Mercury, Gal Costa, Elba Ramalho, Caetano Veloso and others I can't even remember have recorded compositions written by Carlinhos Brown. In Brazil, he is known as the composer of hits like "Meia-Lua Inteira" (Full Half-Moon), from Cae—tano Veloso' s Estrangeiro, "Segue o Seco" (The Drought Goes On), on Marisa Monte's Green Blue Yellow Rose and Charcoal, and "Rimas Irma's" (Similar Rhymes) recorded by Daniela Mercury on her disc 0 Canto daCidade. In addition, he has contributed his talents as a sideman to hordes of recordings by other musicians including Paralamas do Sucesso, Lee Ritenour, and Sepultura — the Brazilian head-bangers who sell more in the United States than any other Brazilian act. Brown is a rare example of a percussionist who moved into the foreground after being stationed for what seemed like eternity at the back of the stage and behind the stars. The percussionist started getting attention in Europe eight years ago when he played in Caetano Veloso's band. Brown called attention to himself because he is a turbulent musician on stage and because his concert attire is BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Planetary minstrel Antonio Carlos Santos de Freitas learned to read and write without a teacher and to make music listening to candomble's drums. Legend has that his veneration for godfather of soul James Brown made him adopt the Carlinhos (little Carlos) Brown sobriquet at 13. With his first solo release, Carlinhos Brown has everything it takes to be the newest star of Brazilian popular music. BRUCE GILMAN
always extravagant. With his fashion statement exterior, he was noticed on stage by a French publisher and received an invitation to be the star of a TV commercial for tonic water. The musician appeared in the advertisement making music on a soda can and in this way received an international calling card. Thus it was not coincidence that Alfagamabetizado was released simultaneously in Brazil and abroad bundled with a bombastic promotion campaign. Brown's international career began to unfold in 1992 when he participated on the recording produced by Bill Laswell Bahia BlackRitual Beating System with jazz giants Wayne Shorter and Herbie Hancock. The project opened new doors for the Baiano in the international market. One of those was the invitation to participate in the opening of the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Through satellite, the event's organizers coordinated Brown playing in Bahia, with Chuck Berry playing in the United States, Youssou N' Dour in Senegal, and musicians from other continents including Australian aborigines playing simultaneously and conceptually dissolving borders through music and technology. It was this peak of exposure that prompted Sergio Mendes residing in the United States to contact him. The following year Brown composed five of the 13 tracks for Brasileiro. Produced by Mendes, the project received a Grammy for the best recording of 1993 in the world music category. That same year the group Timbalada, with most of its repertoire authored by Brown, also received international attention when its first release was acclaimed by Billboard magazine as the best LatinAmerican release of 1993. Although Brown has been known outside of Brazil principally for his work with Sergio Mendes and as a result of his participation on numerous world music projects (and to a lesser degree for the works he has inspired like the composition 41
A Namóradà Carlinhos Brown Eibiclo 0 broto do Sett lado IA teve tiamontdo E tetne um comprom* Gavido ' eflá setnpre um do seu ' lad° Se diz gala malhado Mas nao 6 nada disso A namorada tern namorada A narnorada tern namorada Tern irmlo Grudado em sua cola Na porta da escola Mas no tern chance no Pai juiz A leva pro cinema Corn mais cinco morenas 0 que mais sempre quis A namorada tern namorada namorada tern namorada
Táite *tD WithJfiye qth Whaflie alwa The The lien
Segue o Seco Carlin hos Brown A boiada seca Na enxurrada seca A trovoada seca Na enxada seca gue o seco setn sacar que o caminho é seco sem sacar que o espinho 6 set° sern sacar que seco 6 o Ser Sol em sacar que algurn espinho seco seem% uti que sacar sera um tiro seco E secara o seu clestino seco 6 chuva 'vein me dizer posso ir la em cima pra denamar voce 6 chuva preste atençao Seo povo la de alma vive ha salidito Sc acabar nao acostumando Se acabar parado calado e actibubaixinho chorandci Seacabar meio abandonado Pode ser lagrimas de Sao Pedro :Outalvez um grande amor chorando Pôde ser o de,sabotoado ceu ode ser coco derramando
tsbcult Oat s If yi;e'ishould end up doned It might be the teats of Si Or perhaps a great krie a It rniglfl ,be tkhea toned
"Carlinhos" written, recorded, and dedicated to Brown by master percussionist Trilok Gurtu on his Believe CD); the situation will now change. Some Brazilian musicians like Nana Vasconcelos have moved to Europe because they would not have the successful careers they do had they remained in Brazil. There are also Brazilian musicians who have had their recordings released in Europe and in the United States, but with little commotion. Carlinhos Brown has fallen into neither catego . To arrive at that Brown signed two con acts, one with EMI of Brazil which takes car , f his career in Latin America, the other with Virgin France, responsible for the release of Alfagamabetizado in the rest of the world. His contract value has not been revealed, but executives at EMI Brazil and Virgin France were startled when the first advance of 100,000 dollars was shrugged off and refused by Brown as a mere gratuity and not an amount commensurate for a project of this stature. Alfagamabetizado is just the first harvest to be nurtured by these two contracts whereby Carlinhos committed himselfto spill his rhythmic cache onto three discs in six years. Tom Jobim and Ivan Lins have had international contracts, but not ones that involved a partnership between two different record companies. For Brazilian artists with potential abroad, record companies have typically offered only to provide distribution of their recordings in other markets. This type of "promotion" almost always halts a release's progress and insures that it will be forgotten on tle shelves of the bigger stores of Paris, Ne York, and Tokyo. This isn't what Virgin Frai4e wants for Brown. They have invested 700,000 dollars in France alone to promote the disc. The money has paid for advertisements on French TV, on radio (700 insertions on 3 stations), in magazines, and newspapers The Paris newspaper Liberation carried 10 4lvertisements. In addition, 5000 billboards will be displayed in Paris, Marseille, and Montpellier. EMI Brazil has spent close to 250,000 dollars to promote the release. This type of commitment has never been made with a Brazilian artist. No other international release of a high profile Brazilian artist like Marisa Monte or Paralamas do Sucesso has consumed more than 100,000 dollars for promotion — until now. Even the choice of France as the center of operations for the CD's release campaign happened for marketing reasons. France is a great consumer of ethnic music, a label used to define the music of artists from "exotic" countries like Carlinhos Brown's Brazil. The disc is also the first work by a Brazilian artist to be released simultaneously in Latin America, the United States, Canada, and Japan. Alfagamabetizado was in part recorded, produced, and mixed in Paris by the French Wally Badarou and the Pernambucanol American guitarist Arto Lindsay but was remastered in New York. The cover photography, created by the fastidious lenses of phohographer Mario Cravo Neto, is apropos of BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
what lies within, including the provocative graphic layout, a number of intriguing photos, all the lyrics, and some remarkable performances by a dazzling lineup of guest artists and sidemen. One of the most notable is the revival of Os Doces Barbaros (The Sweet Barbarians)— Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, and Maria Bethania — on the tune "Quixabeira," an anonymous song discovered by Brown on the streets of Bahia and the only tune out of the 16 tracks not composed by Brown. Alfagamabetizado is an excellent demonstration of how well connected Brown is today with musicians around the world. The project brought together a constellation of African musicians like bass player N' Doumbe Djengue from Salif Keita's band, violinist Kouider Berkane from (King of Rai) Ched Khaled's group, accordion player Cadah Mustapha, and drummer Mokhtar Samba. Sizzling next to these unequaled musicians is the peerless sax work of Rowney Scott and a legion of Baiano percussionists. This musical miscegenation works beautifully in delivering a balanced menu of afoxe, xote, timbalada, acoustic ballads, and funk. It is spiced with remarkable percussive ornamentation, rock harmonies, elements from candomble, and even some ideas taken from the rodas de samba where Brown started practicing his percussionist talents. And, of course, Alfagamabetizado, the greatly anticipated solo project by Carlinhos Brown, is served up hot. The opening track "Angel's Robot List" has the Greek Alexandra Teodoropoulou reciting the alphabet in her native language above an ambient background texture of Kouider Berkane's unearthly violin intermingling with the high pitched screech of over 40 percussionists scraping their surdos on the floor of the Concha Acnstica. The tune "Seo Ze," one of the CD's many partnerships, has Marisa Monte and Nando Reis (bass player for the band TitAs) sharing stunning vocals with Brown. The tune's first verse was the inspiration for the title of Marisa Monte's most recent recording and tour, Verde Anil Amarelo Cor de Rosa e Carviio (Green Blue Yellow Pink and Charcoal). "Cumplicidade de Armario" (Closet's Complicity) is a brilliant work which captures the atmosphere of the Miles Davis composition "Tomaas." Like "Fogo dos Ancestres" (Flame of the Ancestors) from Timbalada's disc Andei Road, the tune confirms Brown's reverence for the late Miles Davis. That Alfagamabetizado has rhythmic appeal is unquestionable, but Brown's lyrics may not guarantee the disc success without trying the patience of some listeners. When he first started writing lyrics, many complained that they were the words of a madman. And Brown admits that he didn't write didactically constructed word-for-word story lines or try for intellectual levels but instead wrote lyrics for the common people. What was important was that within all the unschooled constructions existed an explicit rhythmic flow. Nonetheless, whenever his music was aired on the radio, it always exploded into a monstrous hit. Similarly, most of the lyrics on Alfagamabetizado don't really say anything and function more as a type of disjointed percussive compliment or accompaniment to the pulse of the music. Brown's intent was to decipher street language — dialect of the people — and reveal its rhythm and color. But the language seems hermetic and gives the impression of hidden innuendo. In addition, the BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
lyrics are written in Portuguese, French, Spanish, and English and are manipulated for their alliterative sound value, melistnatic effect, and rhythmic punch. Words that do not make sense within a given context are onomatopoetic. I have included two examples of Brown's more lucid lyrics demonstrating that this isn't always the case. More tha4 just a percussionist, Brown is a whirlwind of musical a tivity. The Baiano is a creator of rhythms who composes in torrents and is capable of organizing a symphony of rhythms from tin cans, washbasins, and buckets. It is fhis characteristic that allows him to work as much as he does with groups ranging from Sepultura to the Senegalese musician Youssou N' Dour. At home, Brown is knciwn as the Karajan do Reconcavo Baiano in reference to the Austrian conductor, Herbert von Karajan and the very fertile region in Bahia he is from. Brown has written over 600 tunes and directs no less than four groups, bringing together over 200 percussionists. The most famous being Timbalada which was created by Brown in 1993. Besides Timbalada, there is Lactomia, a type of Timbalada for 86 teenage boys who beat out rhythms on milk tins and kitchen pots and pans. Bolacha Maria, the feminine version of Lactomia, is a band comprised of 110 girls and was named after a sweet cracker. The fourth group which has not performed much is GangOga, a group named for the candomble divinity that dwells in the heart and is the essence of divine justice and truth on earth. The group is dedicated to rescuing from obscurity the traditional rhythms of the African nations which formed Bahia. Alfagamabetizado was conceived in Candeal, a former stronghold for runaway slaves in Salvador, Bahia. It is an extremely poor neighborhood where there is still no drainage for sewage. Even after earning a fortune, Carlinhos has decided to remain in Candeal where he was raised. The first born in a family of nine brothers, he has a biography much poorer than the luxurious sound he now defines. Antonio Carlos Santos de Freitas, his real name, left school er only one year. He learned to read and write without a teacher. Althougl his parents are evangelical, Carlinhos follows no defi ed religion. As a boy he would flee home to watch the ca domble ceremonies and listen to the drums which fascinated him. When the drums started to play, the priest at th Convent of Sao Francisco would blast Gregorian ctlant over loud speakers to scare away the devil. At 13 his adoration for the father of funk, James Brown, spar ed Carlinhos to take on the famous surname. Carlinhos hi self has disputed the veracity of this story, saying in a i terview with Folha de seio Paulo: "I don't know who g ve me this name. I got it on the streets." Brown's iusic today is not only an expression of the mixed cultuile of Salvador where African rhythms coexist with the Cat olic church and the indigenous influence but also of the trends in music that are taking place worldwide. His ec ectic style is adverse to lab Is. A native l of this often ostracized part of Brazil, Carlinhos amas ed his inventory of rhythms aid the rare vision to evoke the day by day from its hard reality. The originality of the 4usic and musicians from the Northeast (Dorival C ymmi, Gilberto Gil, Joao jGilberto, Luiz Gonzaga, Hermeto Pascoal, Caetano Veoso) has always
been in sharp contrast to the conditions of poverty and misery there. But Brown, who comes about as the greatest artist of the new MPB (Brazilian Popular Music), says that he does not make Nordestina music, that to come under the Nordestina label of black and poor shackles musicians. He prefers to define his work as Masica Popular Planetaria (Popular Planetary Music). Walking on the streets, Brown is greeted by residents and children who view him as a community hero. When he walks by the favela (shanty town) , kids surround him and ask for autographs and money. He gives autographs but not money and tells the panhandlers to work. He can do that without remorse. Brown has developed and supports from his own pocket a project of education and urbanization called Ta Rebocado (It's Towed) that has the objective of improving the quality of life in his neighborhood. In 1995 he donated $150,00 to initiate the construction of a vocational school, the Escola Pracatum, which will assist street musicians to cultivate professional skills. The composer acknowledges that all the spontaneity of his rich musical expression came from the streets. In addition, he employs about 200 people including musicians and people in administrative positions of the various projects that he maintains. He does not consider himself an artist, but a channel that translates reality. Those who do not know Carlinhos think he is eccentric. His attire on any given day could include a gigantic rubber pacifier hanging around his neck, a soda can pull-
44
tab earring, torn and baggy shorts, rastafari dreadlocks, and the obligatory dark sun glasses. Brown's Technicolor appearance has become an indispensable part of the Bahiano Carnaval and is as much a postcard of today's Bahia as the Elevador Lacerda and Pelourinho were in the past. Despite miscegenation, the capital of Bahia is one of the most racist cities in Brazil. Brown and his girl friend, Helena Buarque — the youngest daughter of Francisco (Chico) Buarque de Hollanda — often experience malicious comments about their relationship. Carlinhos says that he is accustomed to joking about this typically Baiana racist hypocrisy. Notwithstanding, by the time this article is published, the couple will have had their first child (to be called Francisco, in homage to the famous father-in-law), and with only a first grade education, Carlinhos will enter the literary and intellectually elite dynasty of Aurelio and Chico Buarque de Hollanda. Herbert Vianna of Paralamas do Sucesso says that Brown is the most sensational musician to emerge from the sphere of Brazilian music, and that Brown is destined for an international career. For many Europeans and Americans, Carlinhos Brown is an exotic singer from a far away country who sings in a very strange language. But make no mistake. Alfagamabetizado was not taped by researchers with anthropological interests. Furthermore, geographic curiosity is not a prerequisite for savoring what is conventionally called world music, only a desire to hear the extraordinary. Bruce Gilman plays cu (Ca for Mocidade Independente Los Angeles, received his MA from California Institute of the Arts, and teaches English and ESL in Long Beach, California. You can reach him through his E-mail: cuicaginterworld.net
BRAZZIL -SEPTEMBER 1996
Brazilian notas SCOTT ADAMS Just in time for Summer come two guitar releases from Narada: Nando Lauria's new Novo Brasil and Jesse Cook's debut recording Tempest. Together, they cover the gamut of Brazilian and Latin styles. As with his critically acclaimed Points of View in 1994, Nando Lauria's new album, Novo Brasil, combines his emotive voice with melodies that move with spontaneity and grace. By remaining true to his cultural and boyhood roots, the conservatory trained musician has built a bridge between the complex choro, frevo and batrio rhythms of the Brazilian northeast and the sophisticated contemporary jazt of the Pat Metheny Group's Letter
From Home, Still Life (Talking) and We Live Here CDs. So it was no surprise to discover that Nando Lauria, who studied at Boston's Berklee College of Music as a vocal student has played with the Pat Metheny Group as well as Terence Blanchard and Special EFX. Here is a Brazilian musician who has helped to shape the sound of a generation of jazz fans by embracing the natural beauty of his native country. Novo Brasil's exciting rhythms capture the listener from the very first moments of "Doce Morena" (Sweet Brunette), the opening title of this 10-track CD. And others, such as -Shall We?" and "Dreaming of You"
with their intoxicating melodies and Eauria's tribute to his hometown "Thinking of Recife" set the stage for an exciting blend of contemporary Brazilian jazz. Novo Brasil places Nando Lauria at the top as a master musician with a knack for taking your imagination on a journey you'll never forget. Released in the Fall of 1995, Jesse Cook's debut Tempest CD tacks a different course guided by the same musical winds. Born of the gypsy neighborhoods of Andalusia in southern Spain, rumba flamenco is typified by its restless passion and Afro Cuban rhythms. But unlike the pop driven sameness of Ottmar Liebert, the Paris born Cook revels in the sensitivity of his musical form. Each of the 10 tracks avoids the expected by delivering a brace of creative selections that build upon the flamenco stylç without abusing it. The title track opens Jesse Cool 's debut CD with a flash of color and enthusiasm: you can almost see the dance unfold before you. " aghdad" creates a sense of déjà vu, recalling Greg Lake's stunning years with Emerson Lake & Paliier. And while Jesse Cook's persuasive style on "0 bit" and "Jumpstart" can build on the excitement of flamenco' s bold personality, others, including the pensiVe "Parasol" and "Soledad" (a ballad) will become lasting favorites, too.
eyes of Tania Maria. Bluesilian opens with "Yes Is The Way To Go," a rockish urban tune with a Carioca tick that's full of life and more than a little self confidence: "Hey,
let's go, don't be afraid to break the rules. Don't say no, yes is the way to go." Equally enjoyable is the good advice offered up in "Please Me," with its R&B flair: "So be nice to
the woman, and be kind to the girl. 'Cause ifyou please them both, you will never fail."
For more than a decade now, singer Tania Maria has set the standard by which all other Brazilian/ American performers might be judged. Her flamboyant style and always upbeat musical perspective take an acoustic turn with her new TKM release Bluesilian, and have led many to wonder if she is the modern reincarnation of Carmen Miranda. But f rget the tutti-frutti hat; it's been replaced with a true 4ie for the 90s, more in keeping with the totally moderp Tania's place in both the society of musicians and th country which she now calls home. And where Carmen Miranda came as a musical ambassador and I ft a star, Tania Maria now fills that same role by virue of her star power.
Some of the best,moments on Bluesilian are reserved for Maria's quiet side. "Feeling the Air" is a peacefully acoustic jazz/blues with Maria's soft vocaleze trailing behind the melody and "Reborada" (The Day After) swings with a cosmopolitan groove. Others, including "All Alone Together," the album's title track and "Erie's Blues" capture the magical essence of the blues. Tania Maria's inspiration comes from many familiar faces in the world of music: Eric Clapton, Stevie Wonder, U-2 and the Cranberries, to name but a few artists she thanks in her liner notes. With Bluesilian, its obvious that she's put that inspiration to good use, by creating an album that's totally in keeping with her exuberant personality
Bluesilian is the latest in a string of recordings that have helped Tania Maria to expand her talents beyond the usual description of a Brazilian singer. Yes, she can conjure up those instant i ages of magical Brazil, but just as easily pull out th cultural stops and launch full speed ahead into er AfroBrazilian roots with results that are breathta ing. And Bluesilian, as its name implies, is an amazi g collage of the blues as seen through the been there, one that
Want to stay current with all that's happening with Brazilian music? Call (847) 292-4545 to sign up for a free subscription to our Brazilian Music Review newsletter, Each issue details the best of Brasilia o
The father of bossa nova in a final historic performance. with ANTONIO CARLOS JOBIM • BERRIE HANCOCK • JOE HENDERSON • SHIRLEY HORN JON HENDRICKS • GAL COSTA • GONZALO 111110LCAIA • OSCAR CASTRO-NEVIS PAULO JORIM • RON CARTER • HARVEY MASON • ALEX AMA Antonio Carlos Jobim's songs hold special meaning for jazz Inuticlams and fans alike. In one of Jobim's final appearances, recorded live In Sao Paulo, Brazil, an extraordinary roster of stars was assembled to honor him. With Herbie Hancock as director, the event gave each performer a unique opportunity to express their love for Joblm's music. visit us at vervsinteractive.com
Includes 74 minutes of previously unreleased material.
I BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1999
Plays Rio As Malandragens de Scapino — Moliere's comic classic about a deceitful servant. Directed by Joao Bethencourt with Glaucia Rodrigues and Andre Mattos. Cabaret Filosofico — The theater becomes a bar for existential questions. Written and directed by Domingos de Oliveira. Ana Borges and Frederico Eca star. Eu Se! que Vou Te Amar — Arnaldo Jabor's tale about separated couple who find out they are in love. Directed by William Pereira with Julia Lemmertz and Alexandre Borges. Sonata Kreutzer — Directed by Eduardo Wotzik this play by Leon Tolstoi tells the tragic tale of a man and his fate. Luis Mello stars. As Tias do Mauro Rasi — Mauro Rasi wrote and directs this comedy in which his four fictional aunts from the title interact and bug themselves silly. With Berta Loran and Murilo Benicio.
Sao Paulo
Burundanga, a Revolta do Baixo Ventre — There's panic in a small town when two swindlers passing for military men talk about an impending revolution. Written by Luis Alberto de Abreu. Ednaldo Freire directs. Cenas de um Casamento — This is the classic text by Ingmar Bergman about a seemingly happy marriage. Vivian Buckup directs. Maria Adelaide Amaral translated. Tony Ramos and Regina Braga star. A Comedia — Complicated and funny love-triangle. Mauricio Lencasttre wrote and directs Viviane Dias, Ludh Raposo and Gabriela Neri star. Master Class — Maria Callas's memories. Her career and marriage to Aristotle Onassis. By Terence McNally. Translated by Minor Fernandes and directed by Jorge Takla. Marilia Pera é Callas. 46
Movies American films just released: The Rock (A Rocha), Eddie (Eddie, Ninguem Segura Esta Mulher), Celluloid Closet (Celuloide Secreto), Faithful (Fiel, Mas Nem Tanto), Eye for an Eye (0/ho por Olho), Independence Day (Independence Day), Separate Lives (Dupla Personalidade), The Substitute (0 Substituto), Richard III (Ricardo III), Homefor the Holidays (Feriados em Familia) Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (Entre o Inferno e o Profundo Mar Azul) — 1995 — The moving friendship Belgium between a Greek radio operator and a Chinese girl. Directed by Mario Hansel. Starring Stephen Rea, Ling Chu and Adrian Brine. A Comedia de Deus (God's Comedy) — Portugal — 1995 — A 50 year-old Portuguese artisan, Joao de Deus, seduces young ladies so he can add to his collection of pubic hair. With Max Monteiro, Manuela de Freitas, Claudia Teixeira and Gracinda Nave. Directed by Joao Cesar Monteiro. Der Bewgte Mann (0 Homem Mais que Desejado) — Germany — 1994 — A womanizer confounds everybody when he is expelled from home and decides to live with an homosexual. By Sonke Wortmann with Til Schweiger and Katja Riemann. Spain/ Guantanamera (Guantanamera) How to transport the dead Cuba — 1995 during a fuel crisis in Cuba. Directed by Tomas Gutierrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabia with Carlos Cruz, Mirtha Ibbara and Salvador Wood. Land and Freedom (Terra e Liberdade) — England — 1995 — By Ken Loach with Ian Hart, Rosana Pastor, Iciar Bollain, Tom Gilroy, Marc Martinez and Frederic Pierrot. A young British man leaves Liverpool to join the Loyalist in the Spanish Civil War. Mina Tannenbaum (Duas Amigas) — France/Belgium/Holland — 1993 — Two female friends come of age in the '70s in Paris. By Martine Dogowson with Romane Bohringer and Elsa Zylberstein. Trainspotting (Sem Limites) — England1996— The tale of a heroine-addicted group of friends. Directed by Danny Boyle. Starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremmer and Johnny Lee Miller. The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl (Leni Riefenstahl: a Deusa Imperfeita) — Germany/Belgium/England — 1993 —Documentary about Hitler's official film documentarian. By Ray Muller.
Books
best-sellers Fiction 1. 0 Mundo de Sofia Jostein Gaarder 2. A Profecia Celestina James Redfield 3. Mas Sera o Benedito? Mario Prata 4. 0 Corredor da Morte V.I. (Duas Meninas) Stephen King 5. 0 Xanget de Baker Street Jo Soares 6. Comedia da Vida Privada Luis Fernando Verissimo 7. 0 Carteiro e o Poeta Antonio Skarmeta 8. Manhii, Tarde e Noite Sidney Sheldon 9. 0 Homem que Cakulava Malba Tahan 10. A Verdade de Cada Um Zibia Gasparetto
Nonfiction 1. Inteligencia Emocional Daniel Goleman 2. Almas Gemeas Monica Buonfiglio 3. Minutos de Sabedoria Torres Pastorino 4. S6 o Amor E Real Brian L. Weiss 5. Guia New York — Compras Katia Zero 6. Anjos Cabalisticos Monica Buonfiglio 7. Fraser Paulo Coelho 8. Bld, Bid, Bid Mamonas Assassinas Eduardo Bueno 9. A Assustadora Historia da Medicina Richard Gordon 10. Em Busca da Empresa Quantica Clemente NobreLra According to weekly newsmagazine Veja BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
BRAZILIAN BELLES
EUROPEAN FLAVOR Dutch-born, German-raised, USbased, totally-Brazilian musician Hendrik Meurkens and his harmonica and vibraphone are back in Poema Brasileiro. Besides Meurkens himself the disc features, among others, Ivan Lins, Romero Lubambo and Claudio Roditi performing compositions by Tom Jobim, Lins and Meurkens. "My previous albums," said the sambajazz wizard, who has been in America for four years, "were somewhat more jazzy. With Poema Brasileiro I was interested in putting out a really beautiful Brazilian album with lots of variety." Even well-known Jobim standards like "Felicidade" and "Samba de uma Nota So" get a new life in this Concord Picante release.
COUNqLMAN FROM IDIRAZIL Brazilians have one of their own as city councilman in Bellville, a 40,000resident town just 30 minutes by car from New York city. Arnaldo Carrera, 41, a Paulista (from Sao Paulo), was elected as a Republican and naturally he insists that "the state should let the Economy work without interfering". Despite becoming a full-time politician, Carrera will continue a prosperous career in a private company. The new councilman, who is an economist, will be adding to his $100,000-a-year salary a $300 monthly check for his new job. BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
Promising prizes worth more than $50,000 Smart Productions is for the fifth year in a row promoting its Miss BrazilUSA. The '96 version of the beauty pageant is already in full swing in several states that choose the finalists for the national competition to be held November 16 in Miami. The event has a new coordinator, Jordan Leite, an experienced promoter from Rio and new attractions such as the typical costume contest. The promotion is open to 15-year-old or older Brazilian girls or daughters of Brazilians. In past years, Brazilian celebrities like Luiza Brunet, Danuza Lea°, Luciano do Valle, Jota Silvestre and miss Universe '68 Martha Vasconcelos, have been part of the pageant's jury. For more information contact (305) 374-9041.
Learn Anoth Language on Your Own! Learn to speak a foreign language fluently on hour own and atyour own pace withwhat are considered e finest in-depth courses available. Many were developed by the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. De artment of State for diplomatic personnel who must learn a language quickly and thoroughly. Emphasis is on learning to speak and to understand the spoken language. A typical course (equivalent to a college semester) includes an album of 10 to 12 audio cassettes (10 to 18 hours), recorded by native-born spe ers, plus a 250-page textbook. Some of our Courses: 0 Arabic, Saudi $185 0 German I $ 85 0 Latin $160 0 Serbo-Croatian $195 0 Egyptian $185 0 German II $155 0 Latvian $185 0 Slovak $185 o $245 0 Greek $185 0 Lithuanian $135 0 Spanish I $1185 0 Cantonese $185 0 Haitian Creole $ 25 0 Mandarin $185 U Spanish II $165 0 Catalan $185 0 Hebrew $ 55 0 Norwegian $125 0 Swedish $185 o Czech $125 0 Hungarian $195 0 Persian $185 O Swahili $225 o Danish $185 0 Italian $11.85 0 Polish 0 Tagalog $295 0 Dutch $125 0 Japanese $1185 0 Portuguese $21815 0 Thai $195 0 Estonian $295 0 Khmer $1225 (Brazilian) 0 Turkish $195 0 French I $185 0 Korean $195 0 Romanian $115 o Ukrainian $195 13 French II $215 0 Lakota $185 0 Russian $225 0 Urdu $185 0 Vietnamese $225 You can order now with a full 3-week money-back guarantee.
Ice.Call (203) 453-9794, fax (203) 453-9774, e-mail: 74537.550@compuserve.com Or clip this ad and send with your name and address and a check or money order— or charge to any major credit card, by enclosing card number, expiration date, and your signature. Ask for our free 56-page Whole World Language Catalog with courses in 96 languages.
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BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET CLASSES
Learn Portuguese now! Group or private lessons. (213) 4692204 Silene [131] Looking for a very fast, efficient, and pleasant way to learn Brazilian Portuguese? (415) 9913476 [141] COLLECTIBLES
Capoeira Masters Trading Cards! Complete sets available for $11.65. Californians add 8.25% sales tax. Donald Coley 969 62nd Street Oakland, CA 94608-1360 [1271 COOKING
Best Selling Brazilian Cookbook - Delightful Brazilian Cooking by Eng Tie Ang. Over 130 authentic, quick and easy recipes. $14.95, plus $3.00 shipping and handling. P.O. Box 30818 - Seattle, WA 98103 - Phone and Fax (206) 789-3693. [126]
PERSONAL WOMAN SEEKS MAN
Attractive, sophisticated economically independent Brazilian lady seeks nice Americano 4560 for serious commitment. Write to Claudice, SQN-308 Bloco "H" Apt. 605 - Brasilia DF 70000 Brazil [124] sophisticated, attractive lady with Scandinavian art degree seeks professional, attractive 4758 man — non-American, non smoker—for love eventual marriage. (213) 851-2767 [125] Sou Ellen, americana corn coracao brasileiro, bem educada, que adora a musica, a cultura, a lingua e o povo brasileiros. Queria conhecer um brasileiro solteiro de 40 anos ou mais, em boa forma, morando em New York City ou pertinho. E-mail: 73160.3237@compuserve.com [130] PERSONAL
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Westside Acupuncture Clinic — Chinese herbs for sexual enhancement, weight loss and sports injuries. (310) 914-1624 [128] JOB OFFERED
Revolutionary marketing Co. ready for international growth. High income potential, serious inquiries only. Via South America-Call (310)312-9956. Travel & training available. [126] Urgente! Wanted PortugueseEnglish speaking communicable people. $$ 2000-4000 po/t, $$ 4000-8000 f/t. Call (310) 4702506 [133] JOB SOUGHT
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BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
MAN SEEKS WOMAN
American, male, 44 years old, would like to meet a Brazilian lady. I speak English only. Call (415) 994-8470 (San Francisco) [124] American Plastic Surgeon. Internationally recognized. Attractive. Athletic. Has toured Brazil. Seeks intelligent, athletic, attractive, non smoking Brasileira who likes skin diving, aerobics, surfing, outdoor photography & cooking. Ages 22-30. Send photos and C.V. to G.M. - 2318 Washington - Great Bend, Kansas, 67530 - U.S.A. Americano, 38 anos, alto, delgado, branco, olhos azuis, professor de Ingle's, procura brasileira 18-30 anos. (310) 2895719 William - Ou: 1223 Broadway #143, Santa Monica, CA 90404 [124] Americano, young 44, honest, romantic, seeks brasileira 27-39. Has toured Brasil. Likes your people, music, soccer. Falo Portugues. Letter/photo to Douglas, 18 Grand Rio Cir., Sacramento, CA 95826 [125] Blue eyes, 6' tall college grad, business owner, traveler near Marina Del Rey, California, seeks a sharing, caring, sensual relationship with a petite, ethnic, Brasileira — Barrett (310) 3902586 [124] Brazilian Gaucho, 32,5'4" tall, 118, protestant, educated, romantic, likes music, soccer, photog-
FEIRA LIVRE RATES: 500 a word. Phone is one word. DISCOUNTS: For 3 times deduct 5%. for 6 times deduct 10%. for 12 times deduct 15%. POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our discretion. Sorry. no credit card at this time. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please, include address And phone number. which will be kept confidential. DEADLINE: The 25th of the month. Late material will be held for the following month if appropriate. TO PLACE AD: Send ad with check or money order to: BRAZZ I L P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536. raphy, seeks caring, honest, pretty lady 20-28 for friendship/ romance. Letter/photo to William, PO Box 1741 — Des Plaines, IL 60017-1741[129] Divorced white male, 45, seeks for correspondence, friendship, marriage, warm, kind, loving, non-smoking Brazilian women 18-33 years, some English, one child OK. I willlo c mplete graduate business sch ol and travel to Brazil June 1998 Serious inquiries only please. Photo and letters: James King 208 S. Elm St. Apt. C, Greenville, NC 27858, USA. Also you can E-mail to: grjking@ecuvm.cis.ecu.edu PERSONAL MAN SEEKS MAN
Goodlooking athletic American M 32 6 185 bill/blue seeks other goodlooking Brazilian/Argentine guys 18-30 for friendship or more. I traveled t Argentina and Brazil for 6 months and loved it. Letter and photo lo: Peter El iason; 4960 Almaden xp. #179; San Jose, California 5118—E-mail: sjsharks7 aol. om or 1-800'61-4983J128 Quiet gay whit male, 38, 5'9", 150#, brown hai , mustache. No smoke, no drink, no drugs, no car. Simple living, but love to travel worldwide. Seek Brazilian with similar interests. Letter/ ?hot° to: Steve, 40N. Larrabee, 4-121, West Iollywood, CA 90069 Sou gay amer. ano, 28, 6'2", 190, branco. Procuro brasileiro bonito para amizade e mais. Morava no Brasil e agora tenho saudades. (213)1660-2617 [122] Very handsome, professional, kind and generoUs gay American man who loves ' truly the music, seeks caring, sincere Brazil man 25 to 45 from Los Angeles or Brazil. Call or write: Occupant -
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Sou brasileira, tenho 16 anos, quero me corresponder corn mops e rapazes brasileiros, latinos ou americanos. Luciene Pinto —Rua Leonardo Da Vinci, 13 — Senador Camara — CEP 21831-100 Rio, Brazil [122] PSYCHOTHERAPY
Chronic & Life Threatening illnesses,A.D.D.& dyslexia, life transitions, bicultural & relationship issues, sexual identity conflict — Edison de Mello, M.D., Ph.D. — MFCC Lic# 021323 —Portuguese/ Spanish/ English. (310) 656-6987 [131] Emotional & psychological help -Elizabete Almeida MFCC licensed psychotherapist. English/Portuguese. Reasonable rates. (310) 281-7536. [133] RENT
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calendar - september 96 - u.s.a. TV & RADIO COAST TO COAST SHORT WAVE RADIO Radio Nacional da Amazonia - Daily, especially on evenings and early morning - 6,180 & 11,780 Khz Radiobras - All universal time - From 12 noon to 1:20 PM, in English and from 1- 30 PM to 2.50 PM, in Spanish 15,445 Khz BOSTON Coragao Brasileiro - Every Sunday, 12.00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM WMBR CHICAGO The Sounds of Brazil - Every Saturday, 10:00 pm Midnight, 95.5 FM, Wt\IUA with Scott Adams Show Brazil - Every Friday, 8:00 am - 11.00 am, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Edna Moreno Brazilian Style of Music Every Friday, 11.00 am 2:00 pm, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Marlon Catao LOS ANGELES TV Canal Brasil - Every Sunday, 9:00 pm, Continental Cable, Channel 28 RADIO Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 2.00 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour - Every Saturday and Sunday, 9:00 am - 10:00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko MIAMI RADIO Brazilians Love Jazz - Every Sunday, 8:00 pm- 10.00 pm with Gina Martelli -93.9 - Love 94
IMMIUMBLIAMMINE NEW YORK 9:00 AM - 7:00 PM - Raga Negra at Brazilian Day at 46th St. between Broadway and Madison Avenues
NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Vanessa Falabella at Café Wha at Macdougal St, between West 3 and Bleecker
HOUSTON, TEXAS 3:00 PM - Ana Maria Bauer (painter) at Borders Books -9633 Westheimer - (713) 797-1428 - Expo open until October 1
I Ell Zici DEVILS= NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Grupo Saveiro at Scala Brazil
BERKELEY, CAL.
8:30 PM - Adriana & Carlos Oliveira at Nino's
EL SEGUNDO, CAL.
10:00 AM - 5:00 PM (Until September 14) - Art Exhibition by Ana Helena Berenguer, Isabela Braga, Julynia Vidigal, Ricardo Movits, Sandra Zebi and Silvia Poloto at VASP Gallery - 200 N. Sepulveda Blvd - (310) 364-0160
SAN DIEGO, CAL. 5:00 PM - Flora Purim & Airto Moreira and others at the Street Scene '96 (Gaslamp Quarter) -(619) 268-9025
HOUSTON, TEXAS
9:00 PM - Eud6xia de Barros (pianist) at University of Houston's Dudley Recital Hall - (713) 9613063
LOS ANGELES
9:30 PM - Oba Oba show with Swing Brasil at Zabumba 9:30 PM - MILA Samba School at Café Danssa
GLENDALE, CAL.
9:00 PM & 11:00 PM - Ana Gazzola at Déjà Vu - (818) 547-3947
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Ginga Brazil
1111111VillIIIN LOS ANGELES 7:00 PM - Geraldo Azevedo with Katia Moraes and Lula &Afro Brazil at John Anson Ford Amphitheatre -(818) 566-1111 9:30 PM - ULA Samba Band at Zabumba
SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Celia Malheiros & Rio Band at Coconut Grove 10:00 PM - Entre Nos at Bahia Cabana
SACRAMENTO, CAL. 9:00 PM - Liza Silva & Voz do Brasil at Red Lyons Inn
50
SAN DIEGO, CAL. 4:00 PM - Luiza Marques & Brazil Tropical and others at the Street Scene '96 (Gaslamp Quarter) - (619) 268-9025
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Lois & Zel5o at Ginga Brazil 9:30 PM - Constellation Band at Café Danssa
111161 . 11DgA&AIIIIIMIM SAN FRANCISCO 11:00 AM - 5:00 PM - Independence Day Celebration at Union Square - (415) 3340106 5:00 PM - Entre Nos & Pandemonium at Bahia Cabana
LONG BEACH, CAL.
7:00 PM - SambaLa Samba School at the Foothill
NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Vanessa Falabella at Café Wha at Macdougal St. between West 3 and Bleecker
.1.111T1 4 0 I 4, 1 BLVIE I LOS ANGELES 8:00 PM - Djavan, Jo5o Bosco, Oscar Castro Neves & Rossa Passos at the Hollywood Bowl - (213) 480-3232 8:30 PM - Axe at Zabumba IIMIMMUIRIUi KINSMEN. !
NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Grupo Saveiro at Scala Brazil
REDLANDS, CAL.
8:00 PM - Katia Morais at Jazz & Java (909) 792-8083
BERKELEY, CAL
8:30 PM - Adriana & Carlos Oliveira at Nino's
MIMI= jiMilit111.1.. REDLANDS, CAL. 8:00 PM - Katia Morais at Jazz & Java (909) 792-8083
LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - Oba Oba show with Swing Brasil at Zabumba 9:30 PM - MILA Samba School at Cafe Danssa
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga Brazil .11.1111MatlaBLIALIMINIM
SAN FRANCISCO 8:30 PM - Joao Bosco at Herbst Theatre (415) 392-4400 10:00 PM - Pandemonium at Bahia Cabana
LONG BEACH, CAL. 1:00 PM - Escolas de Samba from LA, San
Francisco and San Diego at the Long Beach Street Carnaval - (310) 928-1770
REDLANDS, CAL. 8:00 PM - Katia Morais at Jazz & Java (909) 792-8083
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga Brazil
LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - ULA Samba Band at Zabumba BRAZZIL -SEPTEMBER 19%
9:30 PM - Constellation Band at Café Danssa
MITI 0 I 4:1171Vitiz= LOS ANGELES 8:30 PM - Axe at Zabumba
LONG BEACH, CAL. 7:00 PM - SambaLa at Foothill
GLIRMIMVIN*MME MIAMI 8:00 PM - Guiomar Novaes at
NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Vanessa Falabella at Cafe Wha
Gusman Concert Hall in Cciral Gables - Call Ticketmaster
at Macdougal St. between West 3 and Bleecker
NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Grupo Saveiro at Sdala
.1111111.1121;11e, NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Grupo Saveiro at Scala Brazil LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - Nana Caymmi & Dori Caymmi at
Brazil
BERKELEY, CAL. 9:00 PM - Adriana & Carlos Oliveira at Nino's WESTWOOD, CAL. 6:00 PM - Ana Gazzola at Ham-
House of Blues - (213) 650-0476
SANTA MONICA, CAL. 7:00 PM - Katia Morais at Café du Monde
mer Museum - (310) 443-7000
-(310) 396-7717
GLENDALE, CAL. 9:30 PM - Katia Morais at Déjà Vu
BERKELEY, CAL. 9:00 PM - Adriana & Carlos Oliveira at
- (818) 547-3947
Nino's
LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - SambaLa at Zabumba 9:30 PM - MILA Escola de Samba
1.11.1111111.1anikEIMINEM NEW YORK 9:00 PM - Joao Bosco at Town Hall, West
at Café Danssa
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga
43 St.
LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - Oba Oba show with Swing Brasil at Zabumba 9:30 PM - MILA Escola de Samba at Café
Brasil
Vu -(818) 547-3947
NEW YORK 12:00 NOON - 8:00 PM - Trio da Paz, Toninho Horta, Leni Andrade, Cesar Camargo Mariano, Nana & Dori Caymmi at World
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:30 PM - Marcos Santos at Ginga Brasil
Trade Central Plaza - (212) 9251859
SAN FRANCISCO 10:00 PM - Entre Nos at Bahia Cabana ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:30 PM - Lois & Zelao at Ginga Brazil LOS ANGELES 10:00 PM - Meia Noite & The Midnight Drums Band at Luna Park -(310) 726-6968 9:30 PM - ULA Samba Band at Zabumba 9:30 PM - Constellation Band at Café
Cabana
Danssa
GLENDALE, CAL. 9:00 PM & 11:00 PM - Ana Gazzola at Déjà
=mull tujaglyikumm
SAN FRANCISCO 10:00 PM - Copacabana at Bahia
ANAHEIM, CAL. Ginga Brazil - 821 N. Euclid, (714) 778-0266
BERKELEY Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo Ave. (510) 525-5054 Nino's - 1916 Martin L. King Jr. (510) 845-9303
LOS ANGELES 14 Below- 1348 14th St., Santa Monica -(310) 451-5040 Cafe Danssa - 11533 W. Pico Bl. West L.A.- (310) 478-7866
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
9:30 PM - ULA Samba Ba d at Zabumba
9:30 PM - Constellation Ba d at Café Danssa
Blue Note - 131 West 3rd St. (212) 475-8592 SOB - 200 Varick St. (212) 3077171 Supper Club - 240 W. 47 St. (212) 921-1940
NEW YORK RADIO Brasil corn S - Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBGO Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10:00 PM with Leo Costa & Alberto Lopes -89.9 FM - WKCR Radio Amazonia - Every day, 6.30 PM on short wave - 6.185 MHZ TV Brazil Update - Every Saturday, 3:30 PM - Channel 69 Brazilians in America-TV Every Sunday, 5:30 PM- Channel 16 S. FRANCISCO
WASHINGTON, DC
1795
9:30 PM - Katia Morais at una
NEW YORK
Luqui Corporation - Jornal Bandeirantes - 11 00 pm - 1.00 am, Dynamic ch. 20, S. South ch. 41, Gold Coast ch. 44, DCI ch. 45
SAN DIEGO
LOS ANGELES 12:00 PM - Cheremoya Escola de Samba at Watts Tower -(213) 85-
Foothill - 1922 Cherry Ave. Long Beach -(310) 983-9190 La Ye Lee - 12514 Ventura Bl. - Studio City - (818) 980-8158 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd Culver City - (310) 841-6525
BTN (Brazilian TV Network) 11.00 pm - 1:00 am, DCI ch 40, S South ch. 51, Adelphia ch 52, Gold Coast ch 99
Yoshi's - 6030 Claremont Ave. (510) 652-9200
Brazil
Park - (310) 652-0611
111, ' LONG BEACH, CAL. 7:00 PM - Sam baLa at Foothill
TV
Brasileirinho - Every Wednesday, 9.30 PM, KZSC, 88.1 FM with Renato Frota Brasil Musical - Every Sunday, 1.00 PM - 5:00 PM, Radio Bilingue, 91.5 FM via satellite, with Ricardo and Amarina Pugh - Fresno Canta, Brasil - Every Sunday, 6:00 PM - 8.00 PM - KKUP, 91.5 FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman Programa de Domingo - Every Sunday, 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM, KSQQ 96.1 FM with Lino Bugatti A Taste of Brazil - Every Sunday, 11.00 PM - 12:00 AM, KKSF, 103.7 with Dick Conte S6 Da Brasil - Every Friday, 8.00 PM - 9.00 PM, KUSF, 90.3 with Jorge Lima & Simone Odom
ANAHEIM, CAL. 7:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga
Danssa
TV & RADIO
Scala Brazil - 35-50 31st St. Astoria (718) 937-0352
OAKLAND, CAL.
Café Sevilla - (619) 233-5979
S. FRANCISCO Bahia Cabana -(415)861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St. (415) 434-3688 Coconut Grove-(415)776-1616
Waves of Patropi - Every Saturday, 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM, WDCU, 90 FM with Andre Lacerda
51
tlISZa:aullPe aa Z91:18-SSZ (£ 1 )11e3JO 09006 VO "V—I 9£9£1, )(08 'OA o; He w-w00'10e @amaul!zeJq4:4 /! l!elm-3 `L8p £ -LS£ (£ /Z)0/ alu! JaPuala0 irloxe
calendar - september 96 - u.s.a.
Boston Area Books Livraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809 Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000 Dentist Sylvio P. Lessa (617) 924-1882 Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Instruction Approach Student Ctr (617) 787-5401 Jerry's Cachaca (617) 666-5410 Instruction Braz. & Amer. Lg. Inst. (617) 787-7716 Music Brazil CDs (617) 666-3747 Publications The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651 Bossa: Braz. Jazz Guide (617) 262-9997 Restaurants Café Brazil (617) 789-5980 Ipanema (508) 460-6144 Tropicana (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613
Chicago Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244 Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683
Los Angeles Accountant Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436 Airlines Varig (800) GO VAR1G Vasp (310) 364-0160 Arts & Crafts Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebi Designs (310) 391-6530 Auto Repair Cosmo Auto Parts (213) 259-9818 Banks Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996 Catering Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Churches Comunid. Evang. Bras. (310) 793-8745 52
Minister-jos Renascer (888) RENACER Clothes Samba (310) 628-9789 Summer Brazil (310) 455-1772 Clubs & Associations Brazil-Cal.ChbrofCom. (310) 202-6820 Centro Cultural Gaucho (213) 256-6548 Clubinho da Crianca (818) 248-3667 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 SambaLa -Esc. de Samba (310) 628-9789 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664 Dentists Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Events Promotion Brazilian Nites Prod. (818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties & Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992 Food & Products Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139 Health & Fitness Herbs from Brazil (213) 852-7016 Westside Acupuncture (310) 914-1624 Import/Export N & R International (909) 626-3656 Instruction Brasil Brasil Cult. Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427 Legal Services Meiojas & Ferraz (310) 360-0901 Music Bossa Nova - Georgia (818) 891-0912 Braz. Jazz /All Occasions (310) 839-3788 Jazz - Richard Samuels (818) 798-5424 Physician Paulo Coharte (310) 285-9670 Decio Rangel (310) 828-7454 Ingrid Rodi - Gynec. (310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430 Psychother/Counsel. Elizabeth Almeida M.A. (310) 281-7536 Fatima Castro (310) 822-6770 Dr. Jefferson Si (818) 592-0402 Publications Brazzil (213) 255-4953 Real Estate Cent. 21 - Solon Pereira (310) 633-0787 Cold. Banker -J. Freitas (818) 304-9562 Restaurants & Cafes Bossa Nova (310) 657-5070 Bossa Nova (310) 657-5070 Brazilian Tropical 714 720-1522
By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Café Brasil (310) 837-8957 Ginga Brasil (714) 778-0266 Lulu's Alibi (310) 479-6007 Yolie's Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0722 Zabumba (310) 841-6525 Translation/Interp. Brazilian Int. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantins Communic. (818) 248-3667 Travel/Tours Around the World Trl. (800) 471-6333 Brazil Air (800) 441-8515 Brazil Tours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H - Hotel Repres. (800) 544-5503 IVA C. W. Travel (909) 988-7127
Miami Airlines Transbrasil (800) 872-3153 Varig (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167 Clubs & Associations ABFC - As. Bras. da (407) 354-5200 Cam. Corn. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161 Consulate Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200 Dentists Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de Si (305) 262-8212 Food & Beverages All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Guarani Esteves (305) 345-1540 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718 Physicians Dr. Jorge Macedo (305) 271-7311 Dr. Mario Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 776-1412 Publications Florida Review (305) 374-5235 Restaurants Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-1001 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358
Gula Gula (305) 532-3636 Travel Agencies Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 Discover Brazil Tours (800) 524-3666 Euroamerica (305) 358-3003 International Tours (800) 822-1318 Luma Travel (305) 374-8635 Monark Travel (305) 374-5855 New Port Tours (305) 372-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580
New York New Jersey Books Luso-Brazilian Books (800) 727-LUSO Clubs & Associations Brazilian Ch. of Corn. (212) 575-9030 Brazilian Corn. Bureau (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280 Consulate Brazilian Gen. Cons. (212) 757-3080 Food & Products AmazOnia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884 Publications The Brasilians (212) 382-1630 Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 • Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 Samba Newsletter (718) 937-0574 Restaurants Brasilia (212) 869-9200 Brazil 2000 (212) 877-7730 Brazilian Pavillion (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 Indigo Blues (212) 221-0033 S.O.B. (212) 243-4940 Tapayis River (201) 491-9196 Travel Agencies Barb Tour Service (201) 313-0996 Odyssea Travel Service (212) 826-3019
San Diego Attorney Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826 Clubs & Associations Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 233-5979 Import/Export Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401
Money Remittance Vigo-California (619) 479-VIGO
San Francisco Area Airlines Varig (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100 Auto Nilson Auto Body (415) 255-6717 Matts Auto Body (415) 565-3560 Beauty Salon Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Neyde's (415) 681-5355 Clubs B.A.S.O. (415) 661-2788 Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106 Computer Micronet (415) 665-1994 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170 Dance Instruction Aqua rela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Coracao (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suor (415) 282-7378 Dental Care Roberto Sales, DDS (510) 451-8315 Food Brazilian Coffee Dist. (415) 648-5966 California Produce (415) 586-6200 HGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511 Instruction Portuguese - A. Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv. (415) 587-4990 Money Remittance Via Brazil (415) 673-0262 Vigo (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258 Music Fogo na Roupa (510) 464-5999 Marcos Silva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sul (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil (415) 342-8508
Voz do Brazil (415) 586-2276 Musical Instruments Tamborim & Samba (415) 871-2201 Physician Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219 Printing M. C. Printing (510) 268-8967 Publications Brazil Today (510) 526-1115 Brazzil (415) 587-4990 Restaur./Night Clubs Bahia Cabana (415) 861-4202 Balboa Braz. Rest. (415) 387-1118 Café do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Café Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto do Brasil (415) 626-8727 Colusa Restaurant (415) 526-1500 Joie's Restaurant (408) 244-1299 Little Rio (415) 441-3344 Michelangelo Café (415) 986-4058 Mozzarela Di-Bufala (415) 346-9888 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Stelladoro (415) 928-2662 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600 Translation Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Travel Agencies Rio Roma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 Tropical Travel (510) 655-9904 Tucanos Travel 4 4-996
ashington DC Area Airlines Transbrasil (202) 775-9180 Varig (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. de S. Paulo (202) 682-1151 Clubs & Associations Braz. Am. Cult. Inst. (202) 362-8334 Inst. of Brazil. Business (202) 994-5205 Embassy Embaorada do Brasil (202) 745-2700 Travel Agencies Intern. Discount Travel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
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Republic and not be a president in office only for his own personal gains. After the military coup in 1964, the government of Brazil, in an attempt to curb what they feared was an attack from the left, imprisoned many dissidents, forced others into exile and censored much of the press. By clamping down on any voices of opposition the military was able to centralize many of the industries and control much of Brazilian society. This military control of the government was not unique to Brazil, many other governments in South America, including Brazil's neighbors, Argentina and Uruguay, were taken over by their military. In the 1960s much of Latin America found itselfunder military rule. By 1973 a process of liberalization had begun, allowing the release of political prisoners, relaxation of censorship and the enactment of an amnesty restoring political and civil rights. By 1977 the liberalization of the press allowed the daily newspapers to report on student marches in Sdo Paulo and other demonstrations in Rio. The "awakening of Civil Society" was registered in the press and editorial pages. In 1979 the magazine Veja reported on torture camps. This liberalization on the press started to break the stranglehold the military held. By 1982, the World Press Encyclopedia reported that the Brazilian press "ranks among the world's best." As the 1980s progressed and the fear of communism had been reduced, the formula of anti-communism had ceased to justify repression. The centralization of power in the hands of a few generals was beginning to show strains as the economic situation was not living up to the promises that the generals predicted. The press began to demand a return to normalcy, a return to direct elections. By 1982, direct elections were held for the Chamber of Deputies and for local and state officials. Opposition to the military government was led by the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). The PMDB had been built up by Ulysses Guimardes during
the military years to become the largest political party. In these elections the PMDB won a majority in the Chamber of Deputies and governorships in Sdo Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Although the PMDB did not hold a 2/3 majority in the Chamber of Deputies to call for direct elections when the president's term expired in 1986, there was enough opposition that the military could read the writing on the wall and felt it was not a good time to pass the presidential sash to another general. The military generals choose a civilian, Tancredo Neves, to become the next president. As a running mate, Jose Sarney, was chosen. The choice of Sarney was important. Sarney had been a senator and deputy for over twenty-five years and was an ally to the military for most of his career. He only joined the newly organized Liberal Front Party (PFL) to become Neves's running mate so the administration would look balanced. The Liberal Front Party was a coalition of the PMDB and other dissidents. A year ahead of schedule, on March 15, 1985, the generals, who had ruled Brazil for 21 years, were to pass the leadership of South America's largest country to a civilian. The night before the inauguration, Neves became sick, rushed to the hospital, he was diag-
Collor de Mello wanted to join the group of seven leading industrial countries and make it the group of eight. All this gave Brazilians much hope. They were coming out of years of military rule and it was a time of much optimism.
nosed as having appendicitis. He lost consciousness and eventually died three weeks later. As news of these events spread, the question was raised as to whether the military would actually relinquish power. At 3 o'clock in the morning Jose Sarney was informed that later that day he would be sworn in as the President of Brazil. The death of Neves and the ascent of Sarney was the first sign of a peaceful transition from the military to civilian control. Sarney was picked as a pawn and ended up as the President. Once installed as President he abandoned any ideas with the Liberal Front and became a defender of his executive powers. Sarney' s son, a federal deputy, commenting on politics in Brazil, put it this way, "Everyone knows that political ideology doesn't work in this country. Deals have to be carried out in accordance with interest of the state." Sarney had the backing of the military as well as conservative political and business interests. It was through these interests that he had found backing throughout his political career. Sarney came from the northeast state of Maranhdo, a very traditional state where a small number of families rule over large land holdings and hold lots of monetary and political power. Sarney gave the name "The New Republic" to his programs to restore democracy. The people of Brazil felt that the country would be on the road to development, the end of foreign debt and the halting of inflation. None of these things occurred during Sarney' s administration. Inflation rose from 200% a year to 1000%, four finance ministers in four years were unable to curb this inflation and clear the foreign debt. Sarney implanted anew currency, the Cruzado, which worked for a few months but eventually failed. Economically the Sarney government was a complete disaster. In conflict with Sarney was Ulysses Guimardes, President of the Chamber of Deputies and the symbol of the PMDB's opposition to military rule. A power struggle developed. Because of the conflict between Sarney and Guimardes the New Republic lacked a stable political base with well-defined
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
policies during its first phase. Fighting during the construction of the new constitution over the length of the presidential term between 4 and 6 years disrupted the unity of the PMDB and wasted time needed to clean up the Brazilian economy. By 1988 Sarney had three ministers of finance, four presidents of the Central Bank, and five different economic projects. He came into office with the Cruzeiro, then introduced the Cruzado in February 1986. By the summer he had revised this plan which was dubbed the "Cruzadinho" in July of 1986, and in November of that year revised this with the Cruzado II. In 1987 he introduced the Novo Cruzado. All these plans attempted to slow inflation through various means of adjusting wages and controlling prices in line with the inflation and by the cutting of public expenditures. The Novo Cruzado cut three zeros of the Cruzado and devalued it by 16.3%. The Plan was introduced to induce a credit-squeeze, to freeze prices on about 170 essential items for an initial period of 45 days and put an end to indexation, especially for salaries. Another feature of this package was to sell or deactivate about 14 state enterprises and to close six ministries. Also the reduction of about 90,000 state employees, many of them political appointees under the New Republic. In 1988 there were a series of strikes by federal civil servants, teachers, oil and electrical workers as well as the municipal workers in Rio and other cities, all of which hurt Sarney' s image. In November, three striking steel workers were killed by government troops trying to break the strike. Sarney' s lack of condemnation for these killings was seen as his approval of the decision to use force to break the strike. His disapproval rating rose dramatically at this time. By 1987 a new constitution was written in anticipation of the military leaving from power. At this time there was too much pressure from all politicians and the public through the press for the military to continue to stay in power. A campaign calling for direct
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
The removal of a President through the democratic process is just as important as electing one through these means and some time, especially in the history of Latin America, not as easy. presidential elections, "diretasja," as organizing protest and demonstrati ns in all Brazilian cities. The military in many other Latin American nati ns were leaving or had left power and he Brazilian military felt it was time or them to allow direct elections. The mood of the country prio to the 1989 election was one of pro St against the Cruzado Plan and its f ilure to stop inflation and the rise of he foreign debt. The election of 1989 as to be the first direct presidential el ction since the election in 1960. Th re were many candidates ready to w ar the Presidential sash. From the De ocratic Workers' Party (PDT) as Leonel Brizola, who returned f exile to become the mayor of Rio. He was the self-proclaimed political eir to the Vargas's populism and had n me recognition, but had little strerigth outside of Rio. The PMDB' s caiididate was Guimaraes, the PFL cadidate was Aurelio Chaves. From the right there was Paulo Maluf for sao Paulo. The two candidates from the left with solid p rty backing were Luis Inacio "Lula' da Silva, of the Workers Party, (PT), and Mario Covas, former mayor of Sao Paulo, from the Social Democ atic Party (PDS). There was also Fern ndo Collor de Mello from the newly fo ed National Revolution Party (PRN). In 1989 this party was less then one i ear
old. Fernando Collor, at the age of 39, was little known outside of his home state of Alagoas where he served as governor. Alagoas, like Sarney' s home state of Maranhao, is in the northeast of Brazil, without much of an industrial base and a very traditional society, ruled by a few family who own large amounts of land and control most of the money in the states. Using this base, Collor's candidacy was able to rise rapidly because he used a modern political marketing campaign through the media, especially the television. He achieved national attention by showing how he reduced the fat salaries of a select group of public officials in his state know as "marajas" (maharajas). Marajas were basically politicians as well as public citizens who received government stipends for doing little if anything to earn a salary. Collor cast himself as the opposite to Sarney and as one who would clean the government of corrupt politicians. His slick television ads were very popular, especially for a vast majority of the Brazilian population with little if any formal education. Collor was backed by senator Joao Lyra, the richest man in Alagoas who reportedly gave up to $16 million to help elect Collor. Leading up to the election of 1989, the two candidates from the left, Covas and Lula seemed like the most likely to succeed. Collor was far behind. In the July 1989 edition of the Third World Quarterly an article about the Brazilian economy and the up coming elections listed 9 major candidates for the presidency, Collor was not on the this list. But Collor promised, if elected, to create the conditions for the establishment of more capitalism in Brazil, "capital with risk, not the bureaucratic system which currently rules Brazil. I don't want to become president to preserve privileges." He promised to bring inflation down to 3% a month and to stop corruption in politics. He promised not to use any shock treatment in dealing with the economy , only a "shock in confidence". Collor planned, instead of developing more ties with Latin America, to strengthen ties with
57
the first world, to compete on the same personal style clashed with members field with Western Europe, the United of congress. A rife between Collor and PMDB's president Ulysses Guimardes States and Japan. He wanted to join the group of was exposed at the first session of seven leading industrial countries and Congress. Collor wanted to attend the make it the group of eight. All this first session of Congress and present gave Brazilians much hope, they were projects his administration had planned coming out of years of military rule for the country. He also wanted to and it was a time of much optimism. speak at this session but to be the only Collor was young and a new face in speaker, thus not allowing any oppofederal politics, he was an outsider sition from speaking or of accepting and the people wanted to believe in any questions. Guimardes was to lead a walkout him. For a vice president, Collor chose of Congress if Collor was allowed to Itamar Franco, a senator from the state of Minas Gerais. Franco, nicknamed speak. It was against the constitution the "Monk", was the opposite of for a president to attend the first session of Congress and GuimarAes Collor. By election time Collor's televi- wanted to have the right to question sion campaign had pushed him up in the president on his projects in accorthe polls and after the election he and dance with regulations governing the Lula were the leading candidates and work of the Senate and Chamber of faced off in a run off election in De- Deputies. The President was allowed cember. The conservatives within Bra- to attend regular sessions of Congress zil disliked Lula and his Workers' but not be the only speaker. One day Party, and supported Collor. Lula was into office and Collor was already portrayed as a socialist and/or com- showing his true side. But Collor conmunist. Rumors spread that his cam- tinued to portray himself as a reformer. In a speech early in his administrapaign was financed by the Russians. In spite of this, all the polls indicated tion Collor describes his plan for his a close runoff. Collor won by a margin administration: "...My economic proof 35 million to 31 million. On the grams rely on the principle that above 15th of March, 1989, Fernando Collor anything else we need moral reform in de Mello was presented with the Presi- the economic field. Government once dential sash and became the first di- calmly coexisted with tax evasion and rectly elected president of Brazil since corruption. Parasitic businessmen and bureaucrats, although they were a mi1960. Collor's personality was important nority, set the tone for previous adin setting the tone of his presidency. ministrations. This will end here and His personality also lead to his de- now. I am determined to adapt the cline. He was headstrong, arrogant, following measures, which are meant and materialistic, all these were exac- to achieve this moralizing affect". He erbated with his ascent to the presi- goes on in the speech to list many dency. Collor's practice came from economic abuses in the government the experience of family politics in his and businesses that he will clean up, home state of Alagoas. His father and from tax evasion to falsified salary grandfather were both senators and payments. He said he would bring the his and his wife's family were full of deficit to zero in one year. Collor had promised no shock treatcurrent or former local, state and national politicians in Alagoas. Collor ment to fix the economic problems but thought he could bring this Alagoas' only a shock in "moral value". But style of politics to Brasilia. He failed although he had promised no radical to anticipate the likelihood of being economic reforms, Collor felt he had caught performing illegal actions or no choice but to rely on harsh measures. At the outset of his administraof the public outrage. Collor took office facing a monu- tion, due to a honeymoon period, he mental task, to curb inflation of up to was able, through provisional mea1000% a year and an intense pressure sures in the constitution, to pass some to liberalize the Brazilian economy. reforms, most important was the freezFrom the start he had problems. His ing of Bank accounts, the replacement
58
of the Novo Cruzado with the Cruzeiro, the freezing of prices and the adjustment of wages to help curb inflation. The freezing of the bank accounts only allowed people to withdraw up to 50,000 Cruzeiros. The rest would be held by the banks and converted 18 months later as Cruzeiros, adjusted for inflation and given 6% interest. The Central bank thus had control for 18 months of a lot of money. By setting withdrawals at 50,000 Cruzeiros Collor claimed to be affecting only the top 10% of the population. One problem was that many of these 10% were middle class people who only had savings accounts as a means of acquiring extra money besides a salary. In the first 100 days of the Collor administration there were a series of strikes, a mobilization of civil servants and petty fights between the administration and legislators that stalled the streamlining of the government. By his 100th day in office the magazine Isto E reported that Collor's popularity had fallen from 71% to 36%. By freezing the bank accounts in an attempt to curb inflation, Collor raised the likelihood of corruption. The Federal Government not only controlled the resources given to the states but they also controlled the access to most ofthe countries private resources as well. The price of "commissions" rose as the supply of money was limited. During the impeachment investigation, the CPI, the congressional committee reviewing evidence, reported that the price of "commissions" for businessmen doing business with the government during Delfim Neto's term as economic czar was 10%, during the Sarney administration was 15-20% and under Collor was 30-40%. Businessmen and people were forced to negotiate with government officials for use of their own money. Commissions, kickbacks and the emergence of numerous collusions between business people and officials were the natural consequences of dependencies and monopolies. (To be continued) Tom Bosque is a graduate student at San Francisco State University in Latin American History with an emphasis in Brazil.
BRAZZIL - SEPTEMBER 1996
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