Brazzil - Year 7 - Number 117 - September 1995

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Servicos Telefonicos oferecel roM nnePublctan° oportunidade ilimitada de ganhos Quern nunca pensou em garantir a propria independencia financeira e viver tranquilo em relacao ao futuro...carro do ano, viagens, uma casa cheia de confortos.

Chegou a hora de atingir esta meta, atraves de uma empresa nova, que foi fundada em 1988, na California, e desde entao cresceu mais de mil por cento. Uma empresa que esta a caminho de se tornar a quarta major no ramo de telefonia de longa distancia dos Estados Unidos, urn mercado que movimenta noventa bilhOes de Mares por ano. Isso mesmo, quase que o total da divida externa do Brasil. Nan precisa ser urn g8nio para perceber que basta sobrar um pouquinho s6 desse fildo que já 0 suficiente para fazer uma grande diferenca na nossa vida do dia a dia.

Mas como isso 0 possivel?

SEGREDO 0 segredo dessa possibilidade ilimitada de ganhos uma forma de marketing que esta sendo estudada hoje nas principais universidades americanas, como Harvard, por exemplo. Se chama Network Marketing. Em vez de gastar milhOes em publicidade, a NTC (National Telephone & Communications, Inc.) usa esse dinheiro para melhorar seus servicos e diminuir o custo de seus assinantes, ao mesmo tempo em que oferece uma oportunidade tinica de ganho para seus vendedores. Ou seja, sai todo mundo ganhando.

E agora, neste momento,esta sendo organizada uma rede de vendas entre brasileiros. Para participar preciso muito pouco e geralmente em 30 dias já dá para perceber o resultado na conta bancaria. E por ser urn servico, e nao urn produto, os ganhos podem durar a vida toda. Para obter maiores informacoes, ligueja para Richard Cheng, que ele tera o maior prazer em esclarecer quaisquer dtividas. 0 telefone dele d (310) 830-1666 e o fax(310) 830-0666.

NTC RICHARD Y. C. CHENG Independent Representative 21724 Grace Ave. #120 Carson, CA 90745 Phone: (310) 830-1666 Fax: (310) 830-0666

EWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

RICHARD CHENG Richard Cheng morou 28 anos em Sao Paulo, onde foi ao mesmo tempo professor de ingles e empresario.

Foi como empresario que ele veio para os Estados Unidos, onde ocupou a presidencia do ELS International. Neste cargo, Richard implantou cursos de ingles em Sao Paulo, no Rio, Curitiba e tambem na Argentina, Chile, Bolivia e Peru.

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SUNG IL YO0 Sung Ii Yoo 0 considerada a representante independente mais dinamica da NTC do ultimo ano. Ela atingiu a posicao de AMM - Area Marketing Manager, em menos de dois meses. Sung II Yoo quer que os futuros participantes de sua equipe ganhem muito dinheiro, como ela já ganhou. E tambem promete receber todos de bracos abertos. Sung Ii Yoo fala coreano fluentemente. 0 telefone dela é (3 0) 830-6429.

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NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 199

"All I want is to be a bandit. I want to have lots of weapons, lots of drugs, a lot of money. I want to be the owner of afavela (shanty town)."

Who said that just a few weeks ago to a Correio Braziliense reporter was a 12-year-old boy called Sangue no Olho (Blood in the Eye) by other children like him who live, steal, sell and use crack at Praca da Se, in downtown Sao Paulo.

D. F. S. — the Brazilian justice doesn't allow the mention of names or the publication of pictures of minors involved in crime — has already a handgun, but he dreams of a

8

more powerful weapon. He got his nickname for being heartless with his victims. The boy told the story of trying to steal from an old lady who said she didn't have any money. stabbed her on the stomach. And she stayed there screaming at the subway's entrance."

All the lady had was $1. D. F. S. took it anyway. And doesn't he feel any compassion for people? "Why should I? Nobody shows any compassion for me." Sadly, D. F. S.'s story is much more common than we would like to admit. There are around 10 million children living on the streets in Brazil.

Sociologist President Fernando Henrique Cardoso has shown interest in starting to solve the problem. But, despite one of the world's most com-

Short story

16

Julio C. M. Martin's "Sabe quem dancou?"

Economy

A new order for wages

Computers are reading the future

21 Opinion

Let's stop copying, Brazil!

23 Drama

Ana's fight for herself and her baby

prehensive legislations in favor of its children, Brazil has one of the worst records in dealing with these kids' rights. An average of three children continue to be killed every day in the streets, often by the same police whose job should be to protect them.

Two years ago the world was shocked when a Rio death squad fired at a group of 40 kids sleeping on the steps of the Candelaria Cathedral killing eight of them. The policemen responsible for the massacre haven't Faced trial. And the Candelaria crime continues to be committed every day on Brazil's mean streets.

R.M.

29

Kids lost to the streets

Mysticism

ON LINE http://www.earthlink.net/-brazzil

CONTENTS

Cover

18

NEWS"BRAZIL

36 Cover by J. R. Ripper

DEPARTMENTS

Travel

Bahia tale Chapter 3

41 Music

Beth Carvalho reigning supreme

54 Special

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Publisherand Editor: Rodney Mello /Associate Editor: Carlos Ravelo / Editorial Assistant: Gratiela Castellanos / Entertainment Editors: Sam & Harriet Robbins / Book Review: Bondo Wyszpolski / Representatives: MIAMI : Nosso Guia (305) 972-3427 -SAN FRANCISCO: Felipe Magalhaes (415)648-5966 - Washington, DC: Wilson Velloso (Correspondent) (301) 585-6549 - Founder: Gilberto Ferreira NEWS from BRAZIL is published monthly by News from Brazil -2039 N. Ave. 52, Los Angeles, CA, 90042-1024. Application to mail at secondclass postage rate is pending at Los Angeles, CA. Single copy sold for $2. One year subscription for 12 issues is $3 (three dollars) in the U.S., $15 in Canada and Mexico, and $18 (surface mail) in all other countries. Allow 5 to 7 weeks to receive your first issue. You may quote from or reprint any of the contents with proper copyright credit. Editorial submissions are welcome. Include a SASE (self addressed and stamped envelope), if you want your material mailed back. News from Brazil assumes no responsibility for any claims made by its advertisers.

POST MASTER: Please, send address changes to News from Brazil - P.O. Box 42536 - Los Angeles, CA - 90050-0536 NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

5

In Belem, a little town in the state of Paraiba, several people have been drinking their own urine to cure a series of diseases, including diabetes and heart ailments. The treatment called urinetherapy has been promoted by a group of nuns who have even prepared a little pamphlet entitled Urinoterapia Milagrosa (Miraculous Urinetherapy). The booklets are supposedly the translation of works by a team of Japanese physicians. There are already stories of miraculous cures. Like the one from Jose Pedro, who was dying of diabetes, "After six days of treatment, I felt much better. Now, I take the urine once a week. It is too strong to be taken every day." The health authorities are not making any comments on the weird treatment. But many doctors have been talking about the danger of infection and others classifying the "medicine" as "pure lunacy".

The new Brazilian coin might be good as a symbol of a stable economy, but not good enough to buy a softdrink.

As a gesture of faith in the new-found monetary stability, Coca-Cola decided to start selling refreshments through coin-vending machines.

They started with less than two dozen of these contraptions with the promise that there would be 12,000 by July '96.

Small problem though: the machines only take 1 real bills, giving back 25 centavos. The reason?

6

The new Brazilian coins are all made of steel and the machine cannot recognize their values.

These gadgets don't read the face of the coin, but the material it's made of.

Ad

Divine Appeal Why has Hollywood prostitute Divine Brown, 25, of Hugh Grant fame been chauffeured around Brazil in a limousine with all the perks of a top-model and a 30,000 fee for a few hours of action in front of the camera? She is the latest ad-girl for Valisere lingerie.

In the TV ad, Divine appears applying lipstick while she says, "I love men. They're so much fun, so sure of themselves, so unpredictable. So if you don't want to lose your man to someone else, if I were you I would wear Valisere.

Brown's mug-shot will also be shown on print ads in magazines and newspapers selling panties and bras.

=12 Violent land According to the CPT (Pastoral Commission on Land), an organization linked to the Catholic Church, 979 rural workers were killed in disputes for land in Brazil in the last 10 years. From this perspective, the recent massacre of at least 11 landless people in the Santa Elina farm, in Corumbiara, state of Rondonia, is just another case and far from being the last. It's just one more proof that Brazil hasn't yet been able to implement its always promised and forever delayed agrarian reforms.

The latest bloody episode against a group of hundreds of landless workers, who had invaded lands belonging to a farmer from SAo Paulo, had, however, the signs of savagery, with people being tortured and gunned down in front of their families. Even a six-year-old girl, Vanessa dos Santos Silva, was killed, shot in the back.

The police, who attacked at 3 in the morning night incursions like that are illegal — lost two men. The land invasion a month before the massacre had been condemned by the Catholic Church and even by the Movimento dos Sem-Terra (Movement of the Landless)

In winter, 15% of the cases in children's emergency wards in sao Paulo and 20% of all admissions, are due to the poor quality of the air in the city, which has 2.8 million cars in circulation. This winter the situation seems to have become worse. Fabio Feldman the state Secretary for the Environment, following the example of Mexico City, has decided to force 20% of the drivers to leave their cars in the garage once a week. In a rotating scheme based on the license plate number, every car will be forbidden in the streets once a week. The system should be implemented by the Winter of 1996, but a dress rehearsal was planned for August 28, a Monday, and the week that followed it. Nobody seems happy with the idea. City Hall opposed it. "Such a drastic measure should be adopted only in critical days," complained Glaucia Savin from the Secretaria do Verde (Green Department).

Feldman himself recognizes that his measure has no teeth. His department has no staff to enforce the partial ban on cars.

And if anybody is caught by a very reduced enforcement force he or she is going to be subject to what the secretary calls "moral embarrassment", i.e., being pulled over for half an hour.

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

Anyone dropping by the House of Representatives on August 1 might have thought he/she had the wrong building.

Representative Adroaldo Streck, from Rio Grande do Sul, turned the tribune into a farmer's market, exhibiting a host of agricultural products.

Indignantly he handled the goods whilst complaining, "A kg of broccoli costs $2.19 in Brazil and $1.2 in the US. A liter of orange juice costs $2 here and $.88 there. Even the Brazil nut can be bought for $5.39 a kg while the price here is $9.36."

Maybe the Brazilian sacoleiros (bag people) who use to go to Miami or New York to buy electronic goods for resale in Brazil, should start looking at the produce department the supermarkets.

In this competition Brazil came in 5th, losing onl, to Indonesia, China, Pakistan and

=El=

The Bard Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the President of Brazil, also known as the Prince of the Brazilian sociology, might have become the Prince of Brazilian poets too, had his career not taken a turn toward more pragmatic tasks.

As a teenager, while studying at Colegio Sdo Paulo, in Sao Paulo, he was part of a young group of pots, selfdesignated `Novissimos'(The Very New).

At age 17 he wrote the following work w ich was published by Revista de Novissimos premiere edition (the magazine never had its second issue):

Visao Segunda

Alas, the violin's acute harmonies Echoing 'n my ears And I who lost life's rhythm In the strugg e with the demons.

Lif less child ost friend V gue looks Of suffocated hu an yearnings Pale imag s of brave People of m rionettes, Useless life,:f tile ideal.

Meus negros cabelos de espanador Trazem bolas de neve nas pontas E brincam corn o vento sul De fugir pro norte 0 angulo duro do mundo Tangenciou corn a reta grega Toda feita de harmonia Fazendo urn estrago geral So o violino continuou puro Nas mdos alvas do amor.

My duster's lack hair Has snow ball on its tip And plays wit the south wind Of running away t the north The world's ard angle Is tangent to the Greek straight line All made of harmony Wreaking t tal havoc. • Only the violin continues pure On love's w ite hands.

Sex to sell chocolate?

Nothing new there. Chocolate maker Garoto, however, is causing quite an impression with its TV commercial in which the awakening of the male sexuality is shown with subtlety and charm. Men and women seem genuinely enchanted with the two-minute long (a feature film for an ad) short story.

France's TV Plus has already called it the year's most beautiful publicity picture. BBC selected it as the prettiest ad for TV in the Americas. Washington Olivetto, the ad creator together with director Julio Xavier, says that he was

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

Second vision

Ai os agudos, acordes do violino Soando nos meus ouvidos E eu que perdi o ritmo da vida Na luta corn os demonios Crianca sem vida Amiga perdida.

Olhares vagos De ansias humanas sufocadas, Apagadas imagens de gentes Valentes de marionetes.

Inotil vida, fĂątil ideal.

Sweet dreams

Venezuela. The title being contended for is that of 'most corrupt country in the world'.

Created by the Berlinbased anti-corruption , organization, Transparency International, the names are chosen by businessmen from all over the world. In the list of the 41, the US came in 15th place as one of the least corrupt, losing to Chile which came in 9th.

New Zealand was considered the purest of the pack.

Among all the countries that send tourists to the US, Brazil is already in 6th place. More than 660,000 Brazilians made the trip north last year — a record ---- and projections for this year stretch it to one million tourists.

However, in monetary terms Brazilians are the most spendthrifty, burning greenback at an average of $132 per capita per day. Only the Japanese spend more.

inspired by Hollywood's classic love scenes and also by the background tune: Sinatra's "I had the craziest dream".

The female models were all over 18, but the average age for the boys was II. During film breaks (it took five days to get all the scenes) the boys used to torment the girls wearing mirrors in their shoes so they could see the young ladies' panties.

Instead of reprimanding the action Olivettodecided to use it in the film to give some more authenticity to his $2 million work.

7

It was a moment of pure electricity and emotion that only live TV is capable of conveying. Hundreds of street children took over the National Congress in Brasilia to demand the approval of a legislation in defense of minors. But the image that has stayed with us when the subject is Brazilian street children is a picture of young bodies, shot to death, spread accross Rio's Candelaria's Cathedral entrance.

CHUCK PFISTER

Am

n estimated 8-10 million children make

living on the streets in Brazil, primarily because of extreme poverty. For most of these children, whose families Aannot afford to feed them, life on the streets may be their best lifestyle alternative. A child working on the streets may earn several times the wages brought home by a parent working as a domestic or laborer. The average wage poor Brazilian workers get is barely enough to feed and clothe one or two people.

On a still darker side of this situation, according to most conservative estimates, four children are killed every day in Brazil. During the first 90 days of Fernando Henrique Cardoso's administration, a President who ran on a platform in which children problems had priority, more than 270 kids were murdered in Rio de Janeiro alone.

All of this happens despite recent important victories for the children's movement in Brazil. The decade of the 1980s has put the law on the side of the children. Although implementation of the Child and Adolescent Statute, an exemplary legislation approved by Congress, is problematic, the foundation for acceptance by the Brazilian people is in place because of the public relations successes of the movement.

The action was largely successful at recognizing and acting on unique historical opportunities. One commentator has said that such a visionary law as the Child and Adolescent Statute could never have been written by legislators. During the time of democratic transition in Brazil, the identities of governmental and nongovernmental entities were indistinct. The new laws were consequently written directly by the children's movement because of the coalitions formed between communitybased groups, government agencies, and professional associations.

The degree of vigilante violence against children in Brazil is unfortunately extreme. The behavior of vigilante murderers of children became a solidifying issue and a public relations cornerstone in the children's movement, which may have played an important role in the movement's overall success. The infamy of extremist

violent behavior against street children has been used to improve prospects for all children and continues to provide leverage for groups worldwide against the government of Brazil on human rights issues.

In Brazil there is an opposition of two of the most extreme forces in the world regarding children's rights issues: one of the most horrid and condoned and widespread uses of execution-style murders against children vs. one of the most progressive national policies in the world on the rights of children.

In 1989 Brazil and the entire world were electrified by TV images of 700 street children and teenagers taking over the Brazilian National Congress. From the aisles and seats of the assembly building the children voted symbolically for the ratification of the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA).

Spurred on by this demonstration and by a nation-wide movement in defense of children's rights, the Congress ratified the Statute in July, 1990. One of the most radical children's rights statutes in the world, the Statute follows the principles set forth by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on November 20, 1989.

The 267 articles of the document grant full human rights to children and youth and forma legal and institutional structure for issues relating to children and youth.

The rights are spelled out in extensive detail: right to use public spaces; free expression; freedom of religion; ability to practice sports and engage in leisure activities; participation in family, community, and political life; access to refuge and assistance; and freedom from violence.

WINDS OF DEMOCRACY

Perhaps only a Brazilian would understand that most of what is taken for granted under "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" was brutally suppressed under a military regime for the population as a whole -- and for children in particular — under an oppressive social welfare system and a wave of street-level violence. One of the most progressive ideas contained in the Statute is that children are to receive special protection and priority in government policy, including being made the highest priority group in any social welfare policy.

In the 1960s and 70s the social policy relating to children followed legislation drafted by the military regime. Laws, such as the Minor's Code, targeted children whose parents were incapable of taking care of their children. The laws did not distinguish between children who needed help because they were abandoned or poor and those who were delinquent.

It is difficult to imagine that this legislation was con= sidered progressive for the time compared with earlier policies administered by the Assistance Service to Minors (SAM), an agency dating back to 1940. For this agency, any youth found not living with their families could be confined to "vocational training" schools. Unfortunately, the institutional "correctional-repressive" methods of SAM basically continued under new names, since the infrastructure was not replaced, in spite of some recognition within government that the system was not working. Later lock-up installations of the National Foundation for the Well Being of Minors (FUNABEM) became notorious for squalid living conditions. It has been estimated that 80%

of the 100,000 children and youth in such facilities at •any given time were only guilty of being poor.

The waning of the military regime in the late 1970s coincided with the rise of a myriad of grassroots organizations devoted to social needs which the military chose to ignore. The Catholic church was prominent in some of these organizations, many of which were devoted to children's issues. By 1984 the issue of street children was so prominent throughout South America, that the First Latin American Seminar on Community Alternatives for Assistance to Street Children was held in Brasilia. Partly through this seminar, the community-based alternative program model became widely known and accepted as a desirable alternative to institution-based child welfare programs. By 1985 many of these autonomously evolved programs all over Brazil became part of a network known as the National Street Children's Movement (MNMMR).

MNMMR held together a loose coalition of child advocacy organizations, each of which maintained its autonomy. In this same year 21 years of military rule ended, and the children's movement began to evolve with the new democracy.

In 1986 MNMMR organized the First National Street Children Congress in Brasilia. The 500 street children representatives who at'tended were already experienced with the political process at the state and local levels. The ground-breaking meeting was heavily covered by the media, and the eloquence with which the children spoke captured the at10

tention of the nation. From that point on, the children's movement enjoyed a high

After the Congress, child advocate groups began discussing a long-term strategy

Reaching out I caught the young reporters from Children's Express, Oakland Bureau, relaxing after a press conference with the Bay Area media. Just a few minutes earlier they had presented their findings on "Children Facing Violence" from hearings at International Conference of Healthy Cities in San Francisco, held in December 1993.

Looking somewhat relieved to be out of the glare of TV lights, reporter Kaitl in O'Connor, 10, shared some thoughts with myself and Cristina Franco of Brazil, one of the witnesses interviewed by Children's Express at the Conference. The reporters were disappointed because Franco, representing the National Movement of Street Children (MNMMR), had not been able to bring two street children who were supposed to attend the conference.

O'Connor believes talking directly to Brazilian street children could open new avenues of international communication. "Children feel more confident when they are talking to other children. With adults they feel like they are saying the wrong thing.

If a Children's Express reporter was able to talk with a street child in Brazil, I bet they could see what is wrong with their life and try to find ways to solve problems by expressing their views."

David Sampson, 10 recently moved away from an Oakland housing project where 13 and 14-year-old gang members carry 9mm pistols. Already an eye witness to gang-related shootings and beatings, Sampson is well aware of what prepares children for the gang lifestyle. "They have so little love at home, they have no one else to turn to. Families hurt children with abuse, because parents are so down on their luck and don't have anything to take their anger out on."

To prepare for the Conference, Sampson and the other reporters studied statistics and read stories about street children, provided by the ICRI (International Child Resource Institute) Brazil Project. He is well aware that the poverty that forces children as young as 7 or 8 years old onto the streets in Brazil does not compare even with the worse US housing projects. However, Sampson concludes that lfnott ing is done about the situation in Oakland it will get as bad as the situation in Brazil."

If all goes well O'Connor and Sampson may yet get their chance to talk with Brazilian street kids.

The Oakland Bureau of Children's Express has been talking about an exchange program with MNMMR that would send young reporters to Brazil. According to Cristina Franco, the exchange program would continue the innovative tradition of MNMMR of giving children a voice in political change in Brazil.

The program is also being facilitated by the Brazil Project of the International Child Resource Institute (ICRI) in Berkeley.

public profile.

THE SOCIETY WAKES UP

for social change in Brazil.

It was decide& that even though the community-

based model had proven successful, the scale of the problem --millions of street children nation wide -- would ultimately require radical change from within the government.

Brazilian democracy at the time was a work-inprogress and it offered a unique opportunity to the children's movement to guarantee an important place for their issues in the new constitution. A national committee on child and the constitution was formed by governmental decree and campaigned for such a constitutional article.

The Committee along with many non-governmental organizations, including child advocate groups and interested professional associations, was successful in gaining widespread support for a constitutional guarantee of children's rights. A series of national meetings, public hearings, debates an4 other events along with discussion among major children's advocate organizations and other community organizations, and petitions signed by 1.4 million children, were all part of a strategy to publicize the movement and produce an acceptable statement on children's rights.

A powerful media campaign, aided by $1.8 million worth of free advertising devoted to the cause by media outlets and the National Advertising Council, helped solidify widespread support for the constitutional movement. The final text, which was endorsed by 200,000 voters, was presented to the Constituent Assembly and adopted by a vote of 435 to eight in November 1989.

The preamble to the NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

chapter on children's rights in the constitution reads: It is the duty of the family, society and the State to guarantee the child and the adolescent, with absolute priority, the rights to life, health, food, education, leisure, professional training, culture, dignity, respect, freedom, family and social life, and to protect them from all forms of negligence, discrimination, exploitation, cruelty and oppression.

The Article contained the principles that one year later would be adopted at the Convention on the Rights of the Child at the UN General Assembly.

The next step in the children's movement was to enact legislation which would permit the broad constitutional principles to be implemented. A similar coalition and strategy developed leading to the passage of the Child and Adolescent Statute. An umbrella organization, the Child and Adolescent Rights Forum, held thousands of meetings across the country seeking input and support for the new legislation.

The process survived a challenge by some judges and officials of the existing child welfare system, in part because the participation of representatives of the judiciary and public sector helped win the support of influential organizations, such as the Brazilian Bar Association.

The overall strategy of the Statute in approaching child welfare issues is to develop a series of "least restrictive" interventions on behalf of the child or adolescent. The approach accepts the validity of the experiNEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

ence of communitybased groups. These groups believe that working with children where they live is the most effective waygte,4 , 10ing them. Facilities or detaming children and adolescents still exist but they are closely regulated to prevent the "hell-hole" phenomenon that gave the national child welfare program such a bad reputation.

under the Statute to ensure that all municipal policies conform to the Statute.

Guardianship councils are separa at have direct contact Witi children and adolescents and have authority to oversee interventions and may also represent children before child welfare agencies.

OPPOSITION It was obviou to child

grouPs continues towards embedding the Statute in Brazilian policy. Overall, the children's movement seems to be gaining ground in the area of public opinion. But legal battles over the interpretation of the Statute are expected to continue for years.

One case brought before a municipal judge showed the potential of the Statute

The institutional form called for under the Statute is highly decentralized. At all levels of government, decision-making bodies are to be formed that include representatives of non-governmental child advocacy organizations as well as elected officials. The focus of implementing the Statute will be at the lowest level of government, the municipal level.

Each municipality is required to write a child rights law within guidelines of the Statute. The Municipal Child Rights Council is the decision-making body specified

advocate groups that passage of the Child and Adolescent Statute of 1990 was just a first step in the hildren's movement. Since i s passage, some groups co tinue to lobby against the i plementation ofthe Statut and even promote its repea Among the Br zilian police, some have net been enthusiastic' about t e Statute and a campaign a ainst it is taking advantage of public fear that youthful criminals will not be pros cuted because the Statu e is too "soft." The publi relations campaign by chil advocate

to transform children's rights. A municipality which had declined to remedy a "seriously deficient" school was ordered to halt another municipal construction project until money was found for the school. The judge based the decision on the "absolute priority" given to the rights of children under the new Statute. However, such cases are as of yet outstanding and only succeed with the most progressive judges.

Of Brazil's 4,522 municipalities, two years after passage of the Statute in 1992, only 18% had func11

tioning municipal councils and only 3% had guardianship councils specified under the Statute.

Full implementation of the protection afforded to children and youth will probably take decades.

The decentralized organization of the new child welfare system as well as resistance to the Statute are two factors contributing to this prediction. A sweeping change that finds its genesis in a major piece of visionary legislation is likely to take years to find general acceptance in the legal and administrative branches of all levels of government. Witness the civil rights and environmental movements in the United States.

Even passage of the Statute has not seemed to help the street-level violence against children -- probably the most prominent issue in the Brazilian children's movement. In the years after passage of the Statute the world was shocked by the massacre of 8 street children in the Candelaria massacre in Rio de Janeiro.

The city of Rio has experienced a steady increase in the rate of murder of street children. An average of over 3 children a day are murdered in the city of Rio alone. In 1994, of 570 children and adolescents killed by gunshot in Rio, a total of 344 were under the age of 11.

Tania de Almeida, head judge of Duque de Caxias Court, a municipal court in the Rio-area, recently, at a meeting of child advocates during the United Nations Social Summit in Denmark, spoke about the cycle of impunity that allows the murders to continue. In Brazil, as in the US, private security agencies are increasingly being employed to protect businesses and individuals by those who can afford them. Many of these agencies have strong ties to the police or Military Police and employ moonlighting police officers.

The work these agencies do commonly involves "cleaning the 12

Candelaria doesn't die Two years ago a death squad fired at a group of 40 sleeping street children killing eight of them on , the steps of the Candelaria Cathedral in Rio de Janeiro. The massacre made headlines around the world as it took place in front of Rio's most celebrated downtown cathedral favored by the elite for lavish weddings. Four men, including three military policemen, have been arrested for the murders.

But they have not faced trial and human rights groups fear the murderers may-never receive punishment for their crimes. Amnesty International estimates that over 90% of the murders of street children go unpunished.

On July 17, a coalition of six Bay Area organizations staged a Memorial Protest in front of the Brazilian Consulate, in the financial district of San Francisco, California. At the same time a delegation of human rights groups based in the US met with Brazilian government officials at the Brazilian Embassy in Washington, DC. In both occasions, the messages conveyed to the Brazilian government were tuned against the corruption and neglect of the Brazilian judicial system which benefit the killers of innocent children with virtual impunity.

In San Francisco the memorial protest lasted for one hour, with a brief presentation of Capoeira (Afro-Brazilian martial dance very popular among street kids). The busy Montgomery Street had the traffic slowed down as people stopped astonished in front of the signs and banners with revolting quotes, such as: 'Three kids murdered every day in Rio'; 'Impunity of crim inal police officers, the Brazilian shame'; etc...

The protest was sponsored by the Brazil Project of the International Child Resource Institute (ICRI) and Brazil Action Solidarity Exchange (BASE), with the support of Global Exchange, Overseas Development Network (ODN), and the Rainforest Action Network (RAN).

At the end of the event, the Brazilian Consul, Minister Joao Almino de Souza, invited to his office a committee of organizers who demanded immediate action by the Brazilian government to stop

the killings.

In Washington, DC, representatives of the ICRI Brazil Project, BASE, Amnesty International, Defense for Children International (DCI), National Child Rights Alliance (NCRA) and the Peace Center met with the Minister Anton ino Lisboa Mena at the Brazilian Embassy.

Both in San Francisco and in Washington, human rights advocates denounced the corruption of the Brazilian judicial system. They demanded from the government officials to put an end to the 'cycle of impunity' that largely benefit the murderers of street children as well as the immediate enforcement of the Brazilian children's rights statute.

The Brazil Project of the International Child Resource Institute (ICRI), headquartered in Berkeley, CA, circulated a petition addressed to Brazil's President, Fernando Henrique Cardoso. , The petition urges the Brazilian government to stop the massacres of street children by bringing to justice their assailants. The petition was endorsed by 132 human rights organizations around the globe.

The Director of the Brazil Project, Caius Brandao, believes that "the image of Brazil will always be tarnished abroad while professional killers and police officers are paid to eliminate innocent children without responsible and effective actions by the federal government to prevent these atrocities."

Brandao went on to state that "while 90% of the killers go unpunished, the new president has done little, if anything, to address the issue of impunity".

The Brazil Project distributed copies of the petition to 17 Brazilian embassies and consulates in nine different countries in North America, Europe and Asia. According to the Brazilian Embassy, in Washington, DC, the Human Rights Division of the Brazilian Foreign Ministry has started to get copies of the petition.

Whether the Brazilian government will be accountable for its actions is still uncertain. The petition clearly requests expedition of nine exemplary cases of murders of children, including the Candelaria case and the 1993 massacre of Yanomami children.

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

streets," which has come to mean murdering street children. Apparently, reassured by the cycle of impunity, these agencies now have staffs of professional killers according to de Almeida.

She says that there are several Rio city officials, who, once professional killers themselves, currently protect their 'successors' in the security agencies.

Many child advocacy organizations in Brazil have accepted the fact of life on the streets and work with children where they live. The "assistance model" of child welfare favored by some international organizations is widely seen as ineffectual, because of the extreme poverty that is the root cause of homelessness among children. In the short term, many outreach organizations are concentrating on trying to help children with their imme(213) 613-0943 - Downtown L.A. diate problems. The philoso(310) 641-4894 - LAX Airport phy of MNMMR includes active participation of children (310) 575-4544 - West L.A. in social programs in deter(714) 668-1175 - Orange County mining their own best inter(714) 668-0515 - Espanol ests.

Perhaps exemplary for any country has been the cooperation between government and NG0s. This cooperation was necessary to create a broad base of support for passage of 11,89 LIMA children's rights legislation 649 BUENOI AIREI and is now an integral part of decision-making at all levels 649 MONTEVIDEO of policy formation. A generation of child advocates was Ao - PAULO (OPEN 1 YEAR) $750 SEASON FROM I brought up under the extraordinarily oppressive circum$571 RIO/I:AO PAULO (21 DAVI) stances of the military regime.

These advocates gained the i666 IALVADOR/BRAIiLIA necessary political experience 666 BELO HORIZONTE/RECIFE in the years leading up to the 722 PORTO ALEGRE creation of democracy in Brazil, when massive reform of ONE STOPOVER PERMITTED IN RIO OR SAO PAULO the social welfare system became possible.

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CAUGHT ON THE WEB II Just a short message to congratulate oni the excellent magazine you produce. I've see you on line. I just wish we had something si,milar here in Europe. Anyway, I'vel put a link to you on our Web page.

Ricardo Cali!

The Brazilian Society THE WHOLE FE1JOADA I believe that any grown-up citizen should love his/her country with open eyes, as a whole, as a package —warts and all. This is how I love America, my country of adoption: with all its warts. Even when the warts are called Gingrich, Buchanan, Robertson, Rush, Thomas, d'Amato. In a living, working democracy, recognition and identification of evils and shortcomings are the first steps toward their correction.

For this reason, each time Brazilians living among us are angered or "ashamed" because News from Brazil prints stories of corruption, abuses, discrimination against the weak, the poor, the aged, the infirmed, the minorities, I wonder where have they been living. In some of paradisiacal Californian cocoon, a land of milk and honey?

Wake up, Mr. Lima, look around! (Letter -Reading and Hiding" on the July 95 issue.)

If you don't believe me, get The Nation and read it! Forsake that peculiarly Brazilian mode of mind-washing called "porque-me-ufanismo." It was pushed by the Vargas dictatorship and, more recently, by the military "redeeming" movement of 1964. Both tried to conquer and subdue the irrepressible freedom-loving Brazilians into shouting hosannas the whole time. Thanks God, both tyrannies failed miserably!

In spite of all the regimentation marketed by the right and the left, Brazil rejected most vehemently being transformed in a monolithic nation of sycophants (read puxa-sacos). In the long run, any move in that direction is fated to end up in disaster, or with egg on its face. If you don't believe it, just look at the former Soviet Union, at the former Yugoslavia.

William Bliss Washington, DC CAUGHT ON THE WEB I Extraordinary work! I am overwhelmed by the on line edition of this magazine. I have been living in Canada for the last four years and I publish a collection of news called 0 Folhetim, and I send it to a closed circle of colleagues in North America. I would love to contribute with something to your paper. Right now I am preparing a list of services and places where Brazilians can feel at home here in Montreal. I will send it to you as soon as it is ready. Congrats again! Great design!

Celso Sawaia Quebec, Canada

OVERCHARGE? I ran across your June issue at a local newsstand and want to subscribe. My only query is the following: Why is the Canadian' and Mexican cost 5 times more than the US, cost? I understand that Canadian postage is more expensive, but certainly not by that, factor.

Also, are there any Net groups connected to you guys that you could point me' to? What is the Canadian profile and is there any hints you could give me to keep connected with Brazil in this distant boreal posting?

Jorginho Lang Edmonton, Canada OVERWORKED & UNDERLOVED I've been going to Brazil for 10 years, and I live in New York, Long Island. I'm 37 years old, I work a lot and never really have time to date here. Is there a dating place in NY, or NY Long Island, that you can tell me about? Is there a dating magazine for men?., Please help if you know...! love Brazil!

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Ted H. Ragsdale Boston, MA SORRY, NO BACK ISSUES lam enjoying your publication. You are providing an amazing amount of information about Brazil. My subscription began with year 7, No. 112. I am writing to inquire if the 1994 and the January, February and March 1995 issues are still available and what the cost would be to acquire them.

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NO COUPON NEEDED I'm really happy to know that we can find some news from Brazil here in the US. Your magazine has been something really exciting to read. I would like to subscribe to the magazine, but I would like to get some additional subscriptions to some friends.

How should !proceed? Should I make copies of the coupon in the magazine and mail them to you with the addresses for my friends or can I just send a list ofnames and addresses for my friends and a check for the total?

Erik Nilson Comparini Pocatello, ID BRAZIL DOES EXIST Estou aqui ha dots meses e nye o prazer de ler os tits ultimos numeros da revista News from Brazil. E de extrema importancia que tenhamos uma publicacao como esta, visto que todo o jornalismo feito nos EUA ignora a existencia de vida abaixci do Mexico. 0 que diriamos, entao, de cultura e comportamento?

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Sergio Barcellos San Francisco, CA FOOD FOR LONGING Please renew my subscription to News from Brazil. I am planning to return to Brazil for the first time this fall after having lived there in the early 70's. Your magazine has given me a great deal of valuable and interesting information about my second homeland. Keep up the good work.

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Tel: (213) 483-2217 15

A 30-year relationship between wages and inflation in Brazil is in its final count down.

Freedom for the negotiation of wages will place employers and workers face to face to discuss their concerns and make their points. Now they will all have to abide by

The new rules CARLOS E. DA FONSECA BARRET() For the past 30 years, salaries in Brazil have been automatically linked to increases in the cost-ofliving according to inflation. This ghost that haunted the country for so long was finally exorcised in July 1994 when the real, the new currency, together with an economic stabilization plan, moved inflation from a staggering 50% monthly rate to a 2% average.

Brazil was sent into a new era, and entrepreneurs and workers began to search for ways to adjust to this new reality. Employees and employers are scrambling to find the new game rules since the announcement of the end of the IPCr commonly known as the consumer price index. They found out that the Brazilian government's commitment to end the indexation of the economy is now serious.

The IPC-r provisions links increases in money wages to increases in the price level. They are designed to allow workers to recover, wholly 16

"Projecting expected inflation is a great idea, however the formula is still unknown."

(Sergio Mendonca, Director of Sao Paulo's Department of Statistics and Socio-Economic Studies)

"The ideal would be the immediate freedom of negotiation, although we are not well prepared to do it."

(Max Schrappe, vice-president of Sao Paulo State's industry Federation)

or in part, the purchasing power lost through price increases since the signing of labor contracts. For example, suppose raw material prices increase and firms pass these costs to the final goods. Consumer prices will rise and under a system of wage indexation, wages would simultaneously rise. This leads to further price, material costs, and wage increases.

Indexation here feeds an inflation spiral that would be avoided under a system of long-term relationship or free negotiation between companies and workers. Undoubtedly, most members of the labor force expect to continue, in their current job for some time. Working conditions, including the wage, are negotiated periodically, but not frequently. For example, in the United States, typically firms and workers reconsider wages and adjust them once a year. This is common practice among developed nations.

The Brazilian government sent NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

Congress a new and confusing MP (provisional measure). This MP, which hasn't been approved yet, has received already 186 proposals of amendments. With Congress in recess, speculation has clouded the new measure. There are mixed feelings about the intention of the government to put employers and employees face to face.

Alberto Goldman, a Sao Paulo state congressman, is one pushing for changes. Nevertheless, Goldman said that "the restriction proposed to conceive a real increase in salaries violates the principal of free negotiation." He also intends to amend the MP, creating a rule that guarantees the workers' participation in the firms' profits.

Another important amendment will be presented by Coutinho Jorge, a senator from Paraiba state. Jorge wants protection for workers that earn less than three times the minimum wage (the monthly minimum wage is $100). The Senator is aware that the way the MP is written now, it has very few supporters and seems unlikely it will get approval from Congress. Workers with low pay will suffer the most since their jobs don't require qualification. Hence their bargaining power will be zero.

Moreover, adds Luiz Adelar Scheuer, vice-president of the National Automobile Industry Association, "the minimum wage should be adjusted above inflation, so workers could gain some purchasing power." This approach can give them some power of bargaining and force firms to raise low wages.

The end of wage indexation poses a bigger problem to less organized labor unions. The high unemployment rate in some sectors results in high competition which diminishes the power of wage negotiation. However, the indexation must be put forward to help free the Brazilian economy from this nightmare called inflation.

Using a similar system of indexation in the past, Italy registered double the rate of inflation of any other European country. The monetary policy adopted by the new government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, has tightened credit and raised interest rates, sparking a recession that together with the end of the wage linked index, should combat inflation at its roots.

Winfried Werwie, the President of BASF Brasil, stated that "with slower growth of the economy, the benefits given to workers become rare." "In the end, what is going to protect the salaries is the economy itself," adds Coriolano Resende, Director of Xerox do Brasil. Stable salaries without monthly adjustments and low levels of inflation, limit consumption and therefore slow down one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

Indexation is a bad habit that sooner or later, any major economy needs to address. The step that Brazil is about to take, will offer an advantage to all sides involved. It will prove positive in the long run. With new measures approved in Congress workers will gain social justice and the country, respect. Among the 186 proposals to amend the MP are measures to: adjust minimum wages above inflation, allow freedom for salary negotiation between workers and firms, grant periodical salary adjustments, and offer workers participation in the companies' profits. If these amendments pass, much of the credit should go to the sociologist President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. • NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

"The private sector should have the right to free negotiation."

(Luiz Adelar Scheuer, vice-president of the National Association of the Automobile Industry)

"The salaries are not the government's new anchor for the Real Plan to keep inflation down."

(ClOvis Carvalho, Minister of the Civil House)

"What the government wants is not the freedom of negotiation, but the abandonment of the worker."

(Vicentinho. President of the Workers Labor Union)

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17

In Brazil these days, fortune tellers, palm readers, astrologers and all types of future forecasters seem to have discovered the benefits of the fax and the computer.

The crystal ball and the tarot card haven't been retired, but their role has decreased while seers are getting more and more space in the big cities and being admitted to the executive suites.

I see money in your future ‘'41 4tONA'O* ftatiele'*1'it A' 04.11 'At At itOfko k • so At •,..o• I* At" rIVAN` k **1 Alt' .4 41 e*. koNkk Al.,•'11Vg*****O '06%* '1114ONIAro4 .O-AO`AO koN42 • •% F itt *11111" orkikrsk .1 •144 ItPA• A '••

18

DIVYA SHUKLA

Mysticism is big business in Brazil.

Brazil's business capital of Sao Paulo managed to influence its corporate culture onto its mystics. Long gone are the days of fortune-telling booths, as nowadays astrologers, numerologists and tarotcard readers use high-tech equipment to enhance and solicit business. The new generation of mystics has overcome yesterday's skepticism and transformed their careers into a lucrative business.

NEWS from BRAZIL -SEPTEMBER 1995

A recent study done by Jose Guilherme Magnani, director of the Urban Anthropology department at Sao Paulo's state university, USP, entitled, "Praticas Esotericas na Cidade4 6.Jr: ban Esoteric Practices) focuses on this very subject. Magnani told the newspaper 0 Estado de Sdo Paulo that Sao Paulo's mystic society gained acceptance from businesses by incorporating aspects of the corporate world. The modern-day mystic provides everything from traditional readings to computer programs.

Also included in this study is the tarot card company Arkanos, located in downtown Sao Paulo, that now caters to businesses as well as its usual clientele, unmarried females. Arkanos also organizes mystic shows in high profile places such as the elegant convention center Maksoud Plaza, Another company, Magna Vita, has popularized organized tours to Sao Tome das Letras, in the state ofMinas Gerais, where its inhabitants talk about having spotted flying saucers.

It seems as if the rest of the world has noticed. Recent talks by Indian, American, Bolivian and Canadian mystics confirm this phenomenon as Various experts visit Brazil. Bolivian Luis Espinosa, leader of the Andean , community Janajpaja, toured Sao Paulo to prOmote his new book Orciculo So'tar (Solar Oracle) which is based on mystic themes. A few weeks later, Can. din Dorothy Maclean spoke of r 'travels to the celestial world of gels in a gratuitous presentation at hernbi Morumbi college.

Mysticism has become a profitable tisiness. Just ask Fatima Kubrusly, 'net of Clinica Sirius in Curitiba, who earns about $10 thousand per month, according to Vela magazine, Unded six years ago, Clinfea rovidps clients with a variety of terices, such as meditation classes, tarot readings, sales of crystals and incense, Ex-businessman Leon Freire's'S„,ldoubled in a matter of one year, er e replaced a marketing career tb a'consVering DIISIlleSS that offers NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

,

astrological s rvices.

Solaris, association of 12 astrologers, w founded after a study commissione by its members showed that 17% ci 190 businesses 4, SAo • Paulo and Ri were already utilizing services from myStics and another 49% were open ti the idea. Jose Antonio Pinotti Rodri nes, a partner at Solaris, told Veja th t businessmen want results and this is precisely what astrology provides Jose Al kul, director of Casa Fortaleza an the holding company I-IMK, adinit that he doesn't entirely base his bust ess decisiOns on cosmic forces but open to suggestions.

Makul repre'eats those who aren't yet n111-fledged elievers but nonetheless solicit the se vices of these mystics.

The BraiI ian media hasn't escaped this surge oft. ysticism. The soap opera A Viage (The Travel) told the story of a m n who returns from the dead to take revenge on his enemies.

This after-de th character isn't a ghost but a spirit aiting to be reincarnated.

A Viagem c ptured the largest audience compa d with its four predecessors on the ame time slot. Telecom- . munications as well, isn't immune to this recent t end. Sao Paulo alone is home to six telephone services that for approxi ately three dollars per minute offe the caller a variety of mystical se "cei.

The Bra lian predisposition for the supernatura manifests itself in the sheer numb r of believers. According to the Brazi ian Spiritual Federation, FEB, about to million Brazilians believe in the ossibility of communication 13etwee the living and the dead.

Francisc • Candid() Xavier, a retired emplo ee of the Ministry of Agriculture, au • ored eighty books and is considered to be the foremost authority in the do trine of spiritualism Despite this se eess, Xavier, also known as Chieo, c 00Ses to live in a modest nouse in lib raba in the state of Minas Gerais. A ong his clients is Lisle Lucena, e • girlfriend of President .

Itamar Fran oand daughter of Senator

, -

=.

-

19

Humberto Lucena. Lisle Lucena sought the services of Chico Xavier in order to communicate with a deceased two-year old nephew that had drowned in his grandfather's swimming pool. Xavier impressed not only Lisle Lucena but also other members of the Lucena family as these also became believers.

Among Xavier's bestsellers are Ha 2000 anos (For The Last 2000 Years) and A Caminho da Luz (Towards the Light), each sold more than 150 thousand copies.

Some mystics distrust the information super-highway.

Ex-businesswoman Carmen Vianna, for example, prefers to exclude all forms of machinery and equipment during her thousand-dollars-perday sessions, due to the potential interference caused by machinery to the electromagnetic field. Vianna, equipped with only a pen and paper, guides her clients through a regression into past lives. The knowledge gained in these travels can help one cure residual mental and physical ills that may be present in the current life. Clients are also encouraged to spend a three to five day stay in her house in Rio where Vianna's consulting services are available day and night. Dorita Moraes de Barros, a client of Vianna, told the magazine Lsto Et that she considers Vianna's work analogous to a computer programmers' in that Vianna accesses spiritual memory files and makes them available as if on diskettes to be used in daily decision making.

Will this trend continue?

What does the future hold for Brazilian mystics? Lets e-mail a fortune teller and find out.

20

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Imitation may feel good to the imitated, but can be a bottomless Pit to the unthinking imitator. Is there a lesson for Brazil here?

We think so.

WILSON VELLOSO

-

-

About 200 years ago, an obscure writer, Charles C. Colton, unburdened himself of his famous saying: "Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery." It is, but...

Would-be imitators should think through and ask themselves: "Whom does this imitation profit?" If it is a good idea, fulfills needs, and fits the circumstances of those imitating, imitation is worthy of consideration. Let's forget about adulation! Let's forget about flatter! Flattery may be great to the personal or the collective ego of the imitated, but it should count only marginally (except when "imitation" has given rise to "copy" and there are royalties involved).

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

The Japanese had the reputation of hnhatmg great many products of Western industry. They -manufactured cameras that were micrometric-4Y identical to the real thing, made by Leitz of Germany, for instance.

Little by little, they began to introduce- improvements and, after a while, th eir goods were often better than the imitated ones.

They also bought foreign inventions iottsideted "not to work" in the original country, tned them around, and around, and around, and came nut with something truly rev olutionary.. That i3, in a initshell, how Sony became the international poverhouie it now is. It took the 1172W° kable patent of ti':US inventor, the non-color-compatible 'Weltmarktelevision,tesearched and experimented with it and came out withthehrightest (and fully compatible) color TV ever.

The Japanese h ve repeated this hat trick several times in recent years. In the process they. graduated from being mere imitators to beim innovutOrs. But they still imitate when, they see a tempting usiness proposition waving from a distance-The computer chip is another case story.

The American industries that rejected domestic inventions don't seem overly flattered:k theirhaste to say "no" to domestic innovations, some en dup with egg in their faces. See the recent sale of Zenith, which was the last holdout US maker of TV sets (albeit assembled in Mexi o).

Is there a lesson here for Brazil and other Third World countries? Sure there is! Brazilians are pretty good at following alien trends and have recorded significant successes, such as with the electric blender, which became popular so fast after the II World War that "vitamin bars' sprouted all over the co_ offering thirsty passers-by all manner' or fruit drinks, called generically vitamin= Business

k

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21

•

22

was so profitable that many "juice counters" had case with at-large congresspeopte. By the same batteries of dedicated blenders, each for one token, Brazilians should totally reject the old flavor. There were drinks of pieces of apple and/ American "pork barrel" rip-off, a kind of politior pear in orange juice. Whole bananas in pinecal blackmail favoring their political districts with plum projects. Also highly avoidable is apple juice. Bananas in milk and/or chocolate milk. Mangoes, persimmons, plums, grapes, "patronage," the institution of finding governpureed with ice cubes. Before the fad waned, ment jobs for favorite constituents, already known in Brazil as filliorismo or fisiologismo.

Brazil had become the world's largest manufacWhat about legislation? An excellent law turer of blenders.

Yet the industry had vision and realized that that merits imitation is FOIA, the US Freedom the bubble would eventually burst. So it wisely of Information Act, which requires government sought to diversify: several companies began agencies and offices to release to the public, the manufacturing automotive equipment using fracpress, citizens' groups, copies of all pertinent tional h.p. electric motors. It knew that car parts documents on certain issues of public interest. would never be a passing fad.

Rulers and civil servants think twice about comOnce upon a time, Brazilians used to committing nefarious acts when they have the FOIA plain that Argentines called their old soccer sword dangling over their heads.

Another Brazilian growing "mania" is rival macaquitos (small monkeys). I lived two years in Buenos Aires and never heard anybody privatization, as they realize that the Governsay that. But in Brazil the story was widespread. ment cannot, (and sometimes should not) deal Once, the well-known Brazilian writer Monteiro with all aspeits of the coisa publica, the public Lobato ("Dr. Bentinho" to friends and neigh"res." At thisanoment, in Washington DC and its bors), in a commentary on the "Brazilian mania" suburbs, thete are a few shining examples of for imitation, called the Argentines wrong. cooperation between the public and the private "Macaquitos?" he quipped. "Oy, macacones!" sectors. A blue-ribbon group of 20-odd distin(big apes) guished businesspeople and civic organizations Brazilians have been enamored of America is ready to extend Mayor Marion Barry Jr. its for a long time. When they sent packing old free cooperation and expertise in several areas emperor Dom Pedro H and established a repubsuch as automation of the city cash management lic, it was called "Republic of the United States system, bushiess and consumer records, the of Brazil." Never mind that they were technicriminal offender tracking system. cally less than provinces, and certainly were not In neighboring Montgomery county, an area that united either. American names were, and of the state of Maryland from which part of the are, so popular that males named Wilson or District of Columbia was carved when WashDouglas, and females called Elizabeth or Patricia ington became the capital, now boasts of a brandare a dime a dozen. My youngest brother is new High Technology & Science Center in its called Washington. And a fauniversity-level College. It mous economist-diplomathas been equipped by membusinessman-Federal senator Brazilians have been enamored bers of the area chambers of America for a long time. is so pro-US that many call of commerce and a number When they established a him Robert Fields instead of of corporations dealing his actual name, Roberto Camrepublic, it was called with communications, conpos. He likes it so much that "Republic of the United States struction, power, gas, inoften he signs "Bobby Fields." of Brazil." Never mind that they formation, business sysBut Brazilians have to rein tems, pure and applied rewere technically less than in their enthusiasm for things search, etc. What about provinces, and certainly were American and imitate, or even imitating that in Brazil? not that united either. copy, only what is worthwhile, On the negative side, substantial, significant. Not members of the US Conjust words, not just TV shows, not only magagress, beholden to big corporations having zines, but time-tested institutions. They went on trouble with their employees, are out on a venwith alacrity about the impeachment of former detta against the National Labor Relations Board, President Fernando Collor: it was the first time a kind of "labor court," because the NLRB had ever in Brazilian history. But why in heaven the audacity Of finding against a trucking comthey had to call it "impeachment" in English? pany in its dealings with the staff. For its "crime What's wrong with impedimento, like it is named against money," the Board is being threatened in Spanish? with a $52 million cut in its budget. To mask the Brazilians might, for instance, adopt the Britreal reason, the representative that is pushing ish political concept of electoral constituencies the cut says blandly that the "NLRB has too to elect their deputados (federal and state repremany lawyers." This is typically the kind of sentatives). The system, also used in America, example that Brazilian legislators would do well ensures much more accountability than is the to condemn 100%. • NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

15refii errif sm, ' said the doctor when Ana, fkve m pre_g,rierif en to the hospital by the paramĂŠduc r.; n Sr ([-itlifi1ril vival is brain surgery. The pdiSibillt ough is 5%. For the baby the chances are riff," , a story of great pain, incredible frr.:me. Gciff , will-power and hope against

Ana before and after the operablon.

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

23

EL.

This is the story of Ana and Randy Carranza.

A love story similar to many other tales, in which there is a man, a woman, a look, and the • will of sharing lives. It all started in 1992 when Ana, then 29, decided to come from her native city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to Southern California to start a new life. Three months later, through friends, she met Randy. There were boat rides, candle-light dinners and soon what had started as a friendship between two solitary souls blossomed into love. Ana and Randy, Randy and Ana became inseparable. They were always finding excuses to be together: sailing, biking, skiing, partying, going to the movies.

Marriage couldn't be too far off.

Traveling alone in the Fiji Islands Randy found that he didn't want to live without Ana anymore, that she was the one.

Randy used the Easter celebration to hide several chocolate eggs, each one accompanied by a love poem. Following the trail Ana ended up reading the last note-poem which was nothing less than a marriage proposal. "It took her two hours to say yes," revealed Randy.

Everything was going fine for the newlyweds, with their dreams of buying a house at the beach, having children and dogs. Ana was working as an executive assistant at a candy company and Randy had just started a new job in Orange County. Even though they hadn't planned children for another year or so, they were very happy when the news hit home: the stork was dropping by.

A workaholic by nature, never ending his tasks before 9 o'clock every evening, Randy started to get home earlier to enjoy the pregnancy with the wife. On one particular night, he brought Ana some flowers and was very happy to see her exercising and enjoying her pregnancy (after some hard periods at the beginning). Randy took a lot of pictures of his wife showing her five-month stomach.

The next day, a Friday, in mid-May, Randy whilst working started to feel very weird. He couldn't explain the urgency he felt to go home and see Ana. He did so. Thank God! She hadn't arrived yet and he started working upstairs on his computer. It was around 5 o'clock in the evening when Ana returned from her job. She was downstairs getting ready for a trip they had planned to Catalina Island, when all of a sudden Randy heard a scream.

"It wasn't a normal scream. It was something deeper, and just the fact that she used my first name scared the hell of me — They call each other cora, an abbreviation for coractio (heart in Portuguese) —," recalls Randy.

Ana was in a lot of pain. She was sitting on the floor, her left side paralyzed. She complained about a horrible ache in the back of her head, the room was spinning around and she 24

couldn't see very well.

Randy called 911 and the paramedics took her to Brotman Medical Center. The diagnostic was somber: she had suffered a brain aneurysm.

Her only chance to survive is to go through brain surgery immediately or she was going to die in the next 24 hours. But they told Randy that it was almost impossible for the baby to survive the surgery.

"It was my worst nightmare. They were talking about my Ana having just a 5% chance to pull through the surgery and none for the baby," says Randy. "The only thing I could think of was to ask the doctor to save my wife's life.

I felt very sorry for the baby that we already learned to love, but I couldn't have another Ana, said Randy."

Randy' s job before the operation was to make sure that Ana wouldn't slip into a coma. He talked and talked to her, but a few minutes before he left the room to let the nurses prepare her, he thought he had lost her. She wasn't responding. Randy got desperate. To his surprise, however, she was holding her xray chart over her head when the doctors wheeled her out towards the operating room.

"At that time, I realized that Ana was a fighter and there was a good chance that everything would be fine," said Randy.

The faith and love in that waiting room were amazing. Dozens of the couple's friends came to the hospital. The operation was supposed to last four hours, but took seven instead. When the operation ended and the doctor came to talk to Randy, he froze. "He told me Ana was doing fine, that they had lost her heart once during the surgery but that they had got her back very quickly," recalls Randy. "And the most surprising thing, was that the baby had survived all of this. He told me my wife was a fighter, and then he gave a hug and started to cry."

When Ana was able to talk and understand things, Randy asked her if she remembered what happened during her surgery. "The three angels didn't let me go. They told me to come back.

And my grandmother was there with me all the time. (Her father's mother, Cleonice, passed away in 1990, and Ana was very close to her.)," said Ana. Just when they thought everything was fine, the baby started to try to come out. It was a hard time. They had the option to take the baby out giving him no chances to survive, but giving Ana more conditions to get better sooner; or keeping the baby sewing her cervix and slowing NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

down.her treatment. Ana opted for saving the child. Randy tried for hours to make Ana understand the difficulties of having the baby in her condition. But nothing would convince her of the contrary: she wanted to have the baby.

"She told me she would have her balsymo matter what, that everything was going to be fine," says Randy. "I couldn't believe how strong she was." If you ask Randy now, he will tell you that he doesn't take life for granted anymore.

"After you've been through something like this, you can't disregard the power of love, faith and prayer," he says.

Ana stayed in the hospital 35 days. She has just a faint memory of this time. She talked to a lot of friends normally, she recognized then and even translated English phrases into Portuguese. Ana's parents, who came from Brazil to be at her side in the hospital, witnessed her looking around the room searching for an imaginary little girl and her dog.

"Sometimes she looked underneath her blankets saying the dog was playing with her. You could've caught he!: smiling for this little girl and dog many times during her stay in the hospital, but no one else could see them," said Ana's mom.

Ana's family thinks that she is being protected by a power bigger than they can explain. On the other hand they cannot find an explanation or a similar story to that of Ana in the family. She was always very health-conscious., she loved sports and was very careful about fo6d and keeping herself in shape. Just a few days before her aneurysm, she was biking and sailing with friends.

Now Ana is back home. She's still half blind, feels dizzy all the time, suffers from nausea and can't walk by herself. But there are signs that she is getting better each day. She still needs care 24 hours a day and is lucky to have her parents living at her home, supporting her through this tough time.

"There are days when she feels very depressed and can't understand why this happened to her. I think she needs to have a therapist helping her now," said Ana's father. Ana can't do the simple things she was used to, and more than that, she needed to be very careful with her medications, so it won't affect her baby. But

despite all o this, Ana and the baby are doing fine. She has cesarean planned for September 18. The ultra ound revealed that the Carranzas will have a g rl. Sure to be a very special and strong girl. er name is going to be Alexis, which means "the little helper".

Big disea s also bring big bills. Since Randy had just swit hed jobs, he didn't have medical surance when everything hapened to Ana and her job didn't provide insurance either. When he was in the hospital with her before e surgery, he wanted to make sure e would have the best, so he signed 11 the papers the hospital asked for. heir bills now have reached alost half a million dollars. The arranzas have already spent their 40-thousand life savings.

They got the help of friends who e organizing fundraising events, d received donations from people ey don't know. Through the ternet, Randy has been contactg people who have been through a "milar situation and Ana will soon lk to them to help her healing rocess.

Randy has no idea how they will ome up with all the money they we the hospital, when they are heady having a tough time to pay e day-to-day bills like rent, food d gas.

"And we still have her cesarean worry about, but I'll never blame e hospital for the bill, because ey saved Ana's and the baby's life," said R dy.

Ana and andy are trying to overcome this together. Th love each other a lot, and decided to take smal steps in her treatment. She exercises her fac and eyes daily and walks with the help of a wal er. Hopefully, everything will be back to nor al in the not too distant future.

"I want to be able to enjoy my little baby and the joy she w 11 bring to our life. For now, I just want to get b tter and have a health baby," Ana says. Randy ails Alexis a "miracle baby", because he's c nvinced that little Alexis saved Ana's life gi ing her the strength to fight."

If you would like to contact the Carranzas send E-mail to bytes4fun aol.com , call (310) 358-5139 or ou can write to: Ana Carranza P.0 Box 661633 Los Angeles, CA 90066

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Mensagem n° 15 do livro Otimismo Todo Dia

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Para obtencao de mensagens gratuitas e literatura espinta, telefone para Peter Cosentino at (415) 695-9414, mande urn Fax para o Centro Espirita Dr. Humberto de Campos: (415) 695-1818 Ou escreva para o seguinte endereco: Centro Espirita Dr. Humberto de Campos 236 West Portal Ave. #401 San Francisco, CA 94127 NUNS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 199

malu is something else, fine people are another story. as the old of issas always says, when the poor guy doesn't stink for lack of bath ing he is using shifty perfume. malu has class, high class. i need to be careful so i won't go head over heels in love with her. dig it? so i won't be dependent, be wrapped around her finger. because if she gives me the boot i'll be in bad shape. julio cesar monteiro martins foi numa manha de vento sul que a malu pintou nas pedras pela primeira vez. malu era o major barato. num é por falar, nAo, mas no nosso grupo so dava ratazana e sapatao, sO barangada da pior, e quando a malu pintou, ate o babu ficou de olho. eu nem me liguei, tava a fim de aproveitar o solzao pra alorar os pelos. peguei a parafina. corn o carrique e fiquei passando de leve. a malu foi se cheoando pro meu lado e entrou numa Se me ajudar a parafinar o cabelo. olhai, alta loucura. aquelas duas lunetas mais verdes que o mar de itauna me olhando assim, assim, morou? eu relaxei numa boa e fechei os olhos, eta comecou a levar urn som em ingles que eu num sacava. cara, era uma transa da gente se falar sem se falar que durou ate o ceu ficar pretao. num sei porque, minha velha nesse dia tava a fim de encricrizar. me torrou o saco. ficou falando que eu matava aula por causa do surf, que eu ia ser urn ze-ninguem, que surf era brinquedo, num era profissao, que ia conversar corn papal e papal ia fazer num sei o que, esses papos. perguntou depois o que eu pretendia ser na vida. falei que ia ser fiscal da natureza. como assim? ela perguntou. you ficar o dia inteiro olhando o mar, as plantas, as ayes, as ondas, e se acontecer alguma coisa

diferente, ai eu te conto, falou? tinha a patota do surf. gente fina. bebeto, lauro, carrique, babu (esse era a major fera). renguitem e eu, o toni. cinco e meia da matina a gente já tava de pe, corn a pranchadebaixo do braco, e se mandava la pro arpoador ou pra praia do diabo. a turma sentava na pedra e ficava sacando a posicao do vento. se era o noroeste ou o sudoeste, era a boa, la mesmo a gente ficava. se era leste tinha que se dar urn jeitinho de descolar carona ate a barra de guara. se era sul, era dia morto e liquidado, era dia de abrir a boca pra entrar mosca. a malu, sempre que davacondicao, lame ver surfar. chegava mu ito doida de fumo e trazia uma bagana pra mim. major barato a malu. eu nunca soube onde eta pintava depois que o sot sum ia, mas tambem nunca quis saber. isso era transa dela, e eu tinha que morgar cedo mesmo pia madrugar na areia. a gente levava mil papos numa boa, e ela sacava as pampas das coisas, morou? uma vez o renguitem entrou numa de dar um beijo nela, curtindo de babaca, e eta cortou a do carinha na major, sem muito bla-bla-bla. o malandro num se mancou e agarrou o brag() dela. ai o sangue me subiu e eu fui dar uma porrada no renguitem. o babu e o bebeto entraram no meio, corn uma conversa de deixa-pra-la. o babu tava era querendo aparecer pra garota, que eu bem que saco a dele. o renguitem escapou por pouco, sacou? mas tudo bem, a gente acerta isso. na quinta feira o bebeto me deu um toque pra passar o fim de semana na casa dele, em barra de guard. os pals deixaram o carro e a casa na major confianca. isso e que é. me tocou tambem que o carro já estava cheiao, pra que eu desse um jeito de ir por mim mesmo, na sexta-feira descolei uma carona corn um primo babacao que eu tenho, meio tarado. que s6 fala em bundinha, num sei mais o que, mas num come ninguem, cara. carreguei a prancha a pe, depois, uns cinco quilOmetros. altas caminhadas. saquei o vento leste no ato. o pessoal devia estar pegando cada ondao, cada rainha...aumentei o passo pra cair logo de cabeca naquele mar. o mar era minha casa, onde eu moro de verdade, no aquele apartamento escroto do leblon. maravilha, o babu montado na fibra era ferao mesmo. tinha dia que eu ficava sentado na praia aprendendo as manobras do babu na agua. etc já disputou corn o neco em saquarema, e so num levou por pouquinho. p0, tambem o neco vai todo ano ao havai, corn a nota que etc descola fazendo prancha.tava todo mundo Ia, s6 num vi o bebeto e o lauro, del um tempo na areia. esperando alguem voltar, e quando o carrique pintou dei urn toque: — cute o bebeto e o lauro? — o bebeto dancou num lance al. — dancou como cara? fumo? — nao, caiu de

NEV4S from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995 29

mau jeito na arrebentacao e levou uma porrada da prancha na testa, morou? — onde é que tá agora? — sei la, o lauro levou ele pra casa. — sangrando! — 6. — por que que num levou prum hospital? — a gente num manja dessas transas nao, toni. fui ate a padaria e telefonei pra casa do bebeto. a empregada atendeu e disse que ele foi dar ponto no hospital. — qua! hospital? — perai que a dona silvia deixou o nome escrito aqui num papelzinho. peguei a chave da casa de guard do bebeto, guardei a prancha Ia e gritei pro babu tomar conta da chave. peguei urn 6nibus e voltei pro leblon. p0, cara, quale a do bebeto de moscar assim? mas é como diz o babu: "bobeatus sunt, enrabatus est". isso al. foi um saco descobrir o bebeto na emergencia do hospital. primeiro que eu nao sabia se o nome dele era alberto, roberto ou o que. segundo que os caras da portaria tinham a maior ma vontade de responder as perguntas. acabei achando o bebeto, já costurado, num ambulaterio, sei Ia. a ink dele tava do lado.

— olhal, bebeto, soube do lance e dei urn chega ate aqui, -valeu, cara, mas tudo bem, — pensei que fosse... — moita, falou. cume qui tá al? — num deu pra quebrar a testa, cara. nao, o medico. falou que foi superficial. vai ficar uma cicatriz charme C o feiona. — um charme meio brabo ne cara? cacete, po. melhor como tava antes. — mas vai cortar muito a sua? — uns dez dias de repouso. — cabide de vez em quando born, cara. — valeu. quando saimos do hospital já era noite. deu uma saudade descacetada da malu. mas eu num sabia muita coisa dela. sabia onde era o ape ela, que morava corn a mae, separada do pai, e mais o carinha da mae dela, que ela dizia que era urn cara maneiro. resolvi andar pelas bibocas perto do edificio dela, quern sabe? po, foi no ato. dei de cara corn ela num bar da montenegro. tava ela e duas outras gatinhas, so que num eram gatinhas, eram escrotas pra caramba, morou? dava ate medo. acho que a malu nem ficou numa boa quando me viu. — que que ha, pintando por aqui? — 6, eu tava a fim de te ver hoje, o bebeto se machucou num lance corn a prancha e eu passei o dia no hospital corn ele, maior sufoco. — cume que voce descobriu onde eu tava? — por acaso. ue.— ta legal senta al. olha, essa é rita e essa é lurdinha.— cume que 6, tudo legal? a tal lurdinha era cocozona. tinha uma olheira preta, era enrugada e meio suja, meio porca. a outra nem se fala, era mil e um. tudo vazio de canino a canirio, que a gengiva encolheu de tanto esfregar p6 e cuspiu os quatro dentes inteirinhos, corn raiz e tudo. caceta! eu senti que tinha cortado o papo delas, e que num tavam a fim de falar na minha frente. deu o maior branco em todo mundo. depois uma barangona perguntou pra malu se eu transava corn ela. a malu ficou olhando nos olhos dela e num disse nada. a outra, a rita, falou que eu era bonitinho. tava apavorado no lance. senti o baixo astral e me levantei. a malu sacou que eu ia embora, levantou junto e foi comigo ate a calcada. falou que eu nao devia ter aparecido sem falar corn ela antes. fiquei quieto, mas deu pra ver que eu tava puto. ela me deu um beijo, combinou para amanha na praia e jogou um baseado no bolso da minha camisa. fui pra casa, me tranquei no banheiro e queimei o fumo. queimar sozinho num e tao legal, num cid pra curtir muito. enchi a palma da mao de talco e soprei no ar. pra cortar o cheiro. tinha mais é que tomar cuidado mesmo, uma vez a velha sacou e veio me perguntar. tive que inventar uma hist6ria de incenso indiano e o cacete. mas acho que mesmo assim ela ficou desconfiada. deitei na cama entao, botei um pink floyd no deck e curti aquele som desbundante ate pegar no sono.

30

nunca vi tant gente, meu irmao. seo faltava nego estender a toalha na barrigi do outro. pra andar na praia tinha que sair dando pulinho no meio da rapaziada que nem bailarino. foi fogo encontrar a malu. o mar tava pra la de ruim, parecia um lagoao, morou? a malu foi logo me dizendo que precisava levar um papo comigo e que na praia nem ia ser legal, que toda hora o pessoal ia chegar, interromper, encher o saco. ti legal, mas onde entao? — vamos la pro apartamento. — tua velha ta la, 6 cara... num acho dma boa. — tern grilo nao, p6, voce tern que conhecer a velha e o serginho. pessoal maneirissimo. — mas a gente num vai ficar a vontade pra papear. — claro que vai. a ' gente fica no meu quarto, fecha a porta e tudo bem. ela enfiou a chave, mas tinha outra do outro lado. apertou a campainha, uma vez curta, longa, curta. a mulher abriu um palmo de porta, olhou rapido e tirou a correntinha. — simone (ela num chamava a mae de mae). esse e o toni, amigao ai. — prazer. fica a vontade, cara. quer tomar alguma coisa? — a senhora tern um copo d'igua? — senhora? pelo amor de deus! se voce me chamdr de senhora de novo eu te jogo pela janela.

— td legal, voce;tem urn copo d'agua? — perai que eu you pegar. ficamos sozinhos no quarto. perguntei pra malu o que que ela queria falar, ela disse que nada nao, era s6 pra saber se tava tudo bem. pra perguntar isso num precisava sair da praia, p0. perguntou se eu tava zangado. nao, tudo bem. foi entao ate a mesa-de-cabeceira e pegou uma seda na gaveta. abriu uma caixa, espalhou ofumo e ficou apertando urn charrao que podia rodar numa roda de dez. — tu quase num queima, é cara? — queimo muito no, to fumando mais, depois que a genie tá transando. — quvn foi que te aplicou? — quale, malu? td me achando corn pinta de paru? eu já queimo fumo ha mais de sei la quantos anos. que nada, torn, tu é pato novo. e olha Ia que pato novo num di mergulho fundo. — td de gozacao, e? — ih, ele ficou pbtinho... num fode, porra! o baseado pegou fogo na ponta, ela sacudiu e ficou brasa. deu:tres pauzinhos fortes e entupiu a boca e o nariz corn d palma da mao. me passou a coisinha e eu fui tentar fazer o que ela fez e me deu um acesso de tosse de eu ficar WA° vermelho. puta que o pariu. to fudido, agora C qu* ela vai me gozar o resto da vida. mas ate que nao, ela twta colocando urn disco e nem se tocou corn o lance. esmitgou a brasa pra guardar a bagana pra depois, sentou do irneu lado e deitou a cabeca na minha barriga. fiquei bent quieto. ela comecou a me beijar no peito e enfiou a lingua dentro do meu umbigo. al me deu cocegas e eu morni de rir. po, men irmao, depois que eu tava na rua é que eu saquei que tinha comido a malu dentro da casa dela. cacete! e corn a mae dela la. cara, mas aquela mulher o diabo, levanta ate condenado. maior viagem. onde que ela aprendeu tudo isso? mas num dava pra reprimir, era trepar ou se jogar pela janela, como diz a mae dela. que coisa! ela tambem, p6, deve ter tido o maior treinamento. e o pior é que num leva jeito. eu acho rine fui legal no lance. dei-lhe uma surra de pica que ela ficou meio tonta. ela deve estar pensando que eu tenho a maior tarimba do troco. se ela soubesse que ate ontem eu s6 tinha comido empregadinha, morou? igual o caso da rnarilda, que era so a coroada se mandar pra batalha, que eu ia pra cozinha, me encostava na bunda dela e ela num falava nada, s6 levantava o avental e pa. mas eu tinha o maior cagaco de chegar alguem. urn dia abriram de repente a porta da sala e eu leyantei a calca e fui fechar o fechecler depressa, corn o pau do lado de fora e, uuuui! foimma dor filha da puta e sangue pra todo lado. o raio da • marilda correu pro banheiro dela e eu fiquei na cozinha correndo em circulo igual uma barata, corn as duas maos no saco e utrando pra diabo. a velha correu: que foi? que foi? eu s6 fazia untruh! uuuuh! nada, nada, uuuuh! maninho, o pau inchou, ficou redondo que nem bola de tenis, e eu entrei numa que ele ia eair, horrorzao. num gosto nem de lembrar. al passou. a inarilda veio me tocar que tava gravida e o iscamba. eu querla perguntar se era meu, mas pensei que ela ia dizer que era, niepmo se num fosse e fiquei na moita, ela pediu uma nota pratirar o nenem. p6, cara, se eu tivesse, eu dava. mas NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

nego mais duro que eu num existe, e eu falei pra ela. ela chiou, falou que ia dedurar pros velhos, falou ate que ia casar, al, veja so, eu sou menor... casar nada, eu you é te dar porrada se voce cagnetar. ela chorou, fez a maior manha, falou que me amava, que andava corn urn retrato tres por quatro meu na carteira dela, que tinha achado numa gaveta. al eu falei assim: num quero nem saber, morou? ela ficou chorando Ia uma pd de tempo. varrendo e chorando, lavando e chorando. espanando e chorando. mijando e chorando. e eu cagando e andando. uma vez cheguei da praia e ela num tava mais, mandaram embora, que sumiu urn troco, besteira, dois cruzeiros, tres, sei Ia, e ela nunca mais que pintou no meu caminho. mas a malu é outro lance, gente fina é outra coisa. como diz o velho do issas, pobre quando num td fedendo por falta de banho, td corn perfume que é uma merda. malu tern nivel, alto nivel. tenho que me cuidar é pra num fissurar, morou? pra num criar dependencia, ficar na dela de inteiro, porque se ela me chutar eu you ficar numa pior tao fudida, meu nego, que nem dez quilos de p6 vai dar pra me agitar. num posso cair na dela nao. se ela me caga na cabeca, you ficar cacando minhoca no asfalto corn picareta de borracha. e, meu chefinho, esse olho e irmao desse.

— entra, toni, a malu tá la no quarto. — falou. — e o toni que tai, simone? — sou eu sim. — ah, gatao, que born que voce pintou. eu tava te esperando. — pra que? — sei Id, ue. te esperando, num pode?—tudo bem. — olha so que barato o som do led zeppelin que a simone me trouxe. — tua velha é maneirona mesmo, ne? — as pampas... — o malu, num td pintando uma coisinha, flax)? — seguinte, eu to de careta hoje, alias desde ontem, e to sem nota tambem, mas o serginho tem. voce podia ir la e dar urn toque nele...

— eu? — é, que que tern? — mas, p0, o cara transa corn tua mae, mora na tua casa, e teu chapa, cume que eu é que you La agitar o lance corn ele? — mas, tOni, é que a minha barra anda meio suja pro lado dele. outro dia eu fui pedir urn baseado e ele me cortou, que ele tava ruim de nota e num dava pra alimentar o lance. agora, se voce for pedir, duvido que ele negue. — mas eu nunca vi o carinha... — eu you contigo ate la. ela bateu na porta do quarto. eu tava brancao. o cara gritou: — entra! malu entrou. — serginho, esse é o rani, chapao ai da gente. — to sabendo, a simone já me falou dele. — pois é, ele quer te falar um troco. eu you esquentar urn café. -- pode falar, cara. que raiva, meu irmao, que eu tava dela. po, eu num podia pedir prum cara que eu num conhecia que ele me agitasse, nem que fosse uma baga. a sacana num podia me deixar numa dessa e sair na maior. nunca fiquei tao desbundado. o cara era garotao e tudo, mas eu nunca tinha levado papo nenhum corn ele, e tava arriscado a levar um fora pra valer, fiquei meio suando frio, desmanchando os cachos do cabelo, de tanta agonia.

— pode falar, cara. — ne nada nao, besteira da malu. — quale, meu irmao? aqui num tern essa nao, desembucha, p0. — nada, é que eu tava a fim de levar um papo corn voce, que ela falou que voce era urn cara legal e... — voce entrou aqui pra me conhecer? — é isso al. — é isso o caralho! eu num sou artista de novela nem nada. cara, seu lance é outro, que eu num nasci ontem. — mas é isso al, cara. — é isso o que? perai, que eu to isso tambem. sacando... tu td a fun dum baseado, é isso — tudo bem, cara, num precisa ficar enrolado nao, leva essa matuca de cinqUenta que depois a gente acerta. — falou. valeu mesmo. — mete bronca, maninho. fui pro quarto. a malu veio toda se abrindo, corn urn copo de café. — descolou? — porra, malu, cume que voce me dá uma dessa? — quale, toni. eu num falei que o serginho era urn cara legal? tai 6. — sacanagem tua... — gatao, fica puto nao, gatao. — agora cume que fica?

— flea que a gente vai apertar e queimar nosso fuminho numa boa e num flea me azucrinando nao que eu dou uma mordida tu é foda mesmo... na sua bunda. duas semanas sem pintar na praia. o pessoal devia estar pensando que eu morn, sei la. passei no surf shop. pra ver as pranchonas que tinham chegado e encontrei o babu la. — NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

sumiu, toni? — nada, babu, tern pintado uns lances ai... — lance teu eu sei quale. é aquela barangona que tava pintando na praia e agora tu vive grudado no rabo dela. — p0, cara, to te estranhando. — olha, eu num tenho nada corn isso, mas aquela nega é manjadona ai pelo pessoal, e tern brabeza em cima... — tu td enganado, babu, eu t6 em outra, cara. — enganado td voce, e hd muito tempo, morou? — p0, babu, esse papo teu td cortando nossa amizade. — to levando esse papo porque sou teu amigao. senao eu num falava nada, e se voce td entrando numa, eu quero qu voce se foda. — p0, tu tá 6 me agredindo de graca. — olha ara, te digo so uma coisa, guarda bem, é o eguinte: moscou... dancou. maior decepcao om o babu. p0, quale essa de querer me dar l'cao de moral na frente de todo mundo? ego tava ate rindo de mim la, porra. o babu we é querendo aparecer, se mostrar pros babacas que passam o tempo todo chupando o dedao do pe dele. acho que ele td puto comigo, mas num dá pra sacar é o motivo, so se o filho da puta do renguitem andou botando rn inhoca na cabeca dele, de ciame da malu: aquele papo que tia branquinha falava, quando eu era pivetinho, da raposa e das !

Ivas, que maluco num alcanca e sai dizendo ue tao verdes. mas pra cima de mim nao. e minha barra fica suja corn eles e a deles omigo e é isso al. que vai fazer?

— oi, simone. — oi, t6ni, tudo bem? — urn, hum. — dá um pub o ate Id dentro que a alu quer levar uma conversa corn voce. — comigo? — 6, vai la. — posso in no banheiro antes? — eu, hein? precisa agora de ermissao pra mijar? i que que a malu quer falar comigo, cacete • sera que a velha dela descobriu que a gente ransa? nao, isso é babaquice minha, que a imone ja sabe disso ha uma pa de tempo. so urn fala na minha frente que é pra num dar andeira, sei Id, to sentindo urn baixo astral qui, e eu num queria que pintasse grilo corn pessoal da malu... gente boa, que me dá a maior guarita. (ac ba de mijar logo, 6 puto) gente muito fina, de cabeca feitona ..

— a simone fa ou que parece que pintou uma sujeira al. — num se grila nao, gatao, 6 onda dela. — nao, fala, malu, que agora eu quero s ber. — sabe o que é ? tu td devendo já oitocentas notas pro serginho, de fumo que ele tern te arrumado.

— p0, é isso? — e, so isso. voce acerta corn ele, que ele td durao, numa pior incrivel, e tudo bem. — 6, mas tambem to duro. — descola uma nota Id corn os teus velhos. —0 que? s6 se eu assaltar a co oa a mac, armada, morou? os velhos num tao querendo me ver em pintado de ouro. — entao sei Id, t6ni. dá urn jeito. — que j ito? — sei la, transa urn troco teu al. — troco meu? que que eu t nho meu? s6 o deck de some a prancha, mais nada. — olha, ton , vamos cortar esse papo, que já tá qualquer coisa. isso depois voce pensa sozinho, que eu t6 morrendo de tesao. p0, mas eu urn queria que pintasse grilo por... — gatao, a camisa voce me mo tern que tirar por cima, que eu num dou altura. o pior e que ender o deck de som num dá, que os meus velhos vao dar p r falta, ficar perguntando, querendo saber detalhes, e ai va pintar sujeira, a prancha, pelo menos, eu posso dizer que mprestei a urn amigo, alem disso eles vao levantar as maos ro ceu de num ver mais aquela prancha em casa, que eles tern a maior bronca de eu fazer surf. mas vai doer. meu maninho,va doer pra caralho eu me desfazer daquela fibra, e alem diss eu num sei vender, nunca vendi nada, já to sentindo o sufoc o.

— é o segui te, cara, aqui a gente s6 transa prancha de primeira mac). — to sabendo, mas voces devem sacar algum cara que esteja a fim de comprar mais barato. — olha, eu you quebrar teu galho, mas é born voce ficar sabendo que num é interesse pra gente transar essa, que o cara compra de voce e acaba num comprando da gente. — p0, eu saco; mas é que eu 31

to numa pior, precisando descolar essa nota hoje. — perai, que eu you telefonar. que troca sinistro! que merda! essa prancha vale, na menor, duas milhas, essa nota tern que pintar logo, send° eu atolo a cabeca aqui no balcdo mesmo. é o seguinte, eu fico puto nas calcas. esses caras na hora de vender levam urn papo super legal, mas se é um lance deles soltarem a grana, fica tudo macambuzio.

— olhaf, o cara dá quatrocentos paus. — assim num dá, meu irmao. isso vale dois mil no minimo, quale? — é isso al, ton i, se estiver a fim, pega Ia o fone e resolve voce mesmo, que já me saturou. — quebra o galho, pede Ia oitocentos pra ele. — oitocentos? — é. — perai. que situacdo escrota! quatrocentos s6 se for na bundinha da me dele, morou? que eu num tO aqui pra botar quetichupe no amburger do malandro. — tOni, é quinhentos no pega ou larga.

— setecentos. — porra! — td legal, quinhentos. — falou, toma aqui a nota, que depois ele me dá, e pode deixar a prancha all no canto, do lado da vitrina, td legal? — e se eu disser que num td? — al eu you achar que voce é urn babacdo chato, sacou?

— malu, seguinte: sO deu pra descolar essa notinha azulzinha de quinhentinhos aqui. — ih, toni, isso num é problema meu ndo. entrega Id pro serginho. — eu deixo corn voce, voce entrega. — nada disso, eu num sei se ele vai aceitar so uma parte... — porra, eu tive que vender a merda da prancha pra dar pra ele esse pedacinho de papel corn essas carinhas estimidas desenhadas aqui. — eu sei, cara, que foi chato proce, mas falta ainda trezentos, ne? — td legal, eu you vender o olho, o cerebro, sei Id, pra pagar o seu serginho. — gatdo, voce td me agredindo por que? agride Id a ele, que vai ficar corn a nota. — 6, num quero saber, a nota vai ficar aqui nessa cadeira. voce vai entregar, que eu num quero saber de papo. acho muita sacanagem dele se ele num aceitar SO os quinhentos, p6, o cara vive dizendo que num tern nota. quern num tern sou eu, que vivo dependendo da veneta do velho. se ele acorda mostrando a dentadura, se ele meteu direitinho na velha durante a noite, al solta uma graninha, mas se levanta corn o cu virado pro inferno, que é quase todo dia, neca de nota, e se pedir ainda leva , esporro.

— toni, posso pedir urn favorzinho proce? — claro, simone. — sabe o que e? dá proce levar este embrulho na casa de uma amiga, quando sair daqui?

— onde 6? — aqui pertinho, na lagoa. é que a pessoa que vai receber me telefonou que num vai poder sair de casa hoje. — td legal, me dá que eu levo depois. — ndo, na saida voce apanha comigo, td? — falou. — ah, o serginho deixou urn negOcio proce. — pra mim? — é, td Id na primeira gaveta do armario dele. pode apanhar. ele mandou dizer que é presente. — p0, legal. — ah, e mandou dizer tambem proce esquecer os trezentos que faltam, que tá tudo bem. valeu mesmo. queria saber quale essa do serginho deixar fumo de presente pra mim. quantas amabilidades... he, he. acho que ele sentiu que eu fiquei ressabiado dele cobrar os trezentos e agora td a fim de me comprar... born, deixa verse o numero é esse mesmo.

1102, é isso al. p0, num tern campainha e tá urn sonzdo brabo Iddentro, you ter que esmurrar essa porta. me pedem cada favor besta... — que é que voce quer? — é da parte da simone, que pediu pra eu trazer essa encomenda. — e precisava botar a porta abaixo? — desculpa, mas é que a musica tava tocando alto e eu achei que ninguem ia ouvir. — falou. tá entregue, pode ir embora. — valeu. cara grosso filho de uma egua. pensa que eu sou o que? empregadinho? office boy? mendigo pedindo pa° velho? quase que eu falei pra ele: olha, cara, to te fazendo urn favor, viu? num acostuma nao. e vai gritar no suvaco das tuas negas, 0 extrato de p6 de merda.

32

bastou eu dizer pra simone que num queria mais levar aquelas trouxinhas de fumo, que eu agora sei que é fumo ou p6, pra ela amarrar a cara pra mim. como se eu tivesse a maior obrigacdo. cansei de falar pra malu que o meu saco tava cheio de troco. ela s6 responde a mesma coisa: td me agredindo por que? td me agredindo por que? po, sera que ela num entende que eu num to agredindo ninguem? sO num to mais nessa, de ficar me arriscando corn os baratos no meio da rua pra cá e pra Id a troco de uma mutuca de cinqiienta e guarita do ape. já ta uma pd de tempo nesse lance e to mais é a fim de descolar uma melhor. escraviddo ja era, morou? e tern mais essa de quebra, num foi uma vez nem duas vezes que me tocaram da malu corn o pivete dum bugre amarelo tomando chopinho no nictheroy. o garotdo eu manjo de outras bandas, e podes crer que o pinta é babaca, mas é tao babaca, que se puxar a descarga de mau jeito ele vai junto. e o cara fissurar na malu, isso dá pra sacar, que cabritinha que nem ela num se acha em qualquer pasto, ndo. mas o que num se entende é a malu embarcar no muquirana. s6 se a sacaninha td a fim de se motorizar. ta a fim do bugrinho e da notinha que o xurreado pode descolar. soube que o cara s6 descola de quina pra cima, alem das brizolas. o ze mane é estribaddo. e logo a malu que dizia ndo se ligar nesses papos... olha al, quem diria, maninho. mas eu to mais é me convencendo que toda gatinha, por mais feitona que pareca a cabeca, no fundo é maria-gasolina como todo mundo. eu dou um toque na boa, e ela so me vem de gueri-gueri. é isso que me deixa injuriado. o carinha tá sendo mamado na maior e nem no sonho ele se toca. mas tudo bem, que se é pra aprontar aue, melhor chutar logo que ser colocado na marca do penalti. e o seguinte...

—O tOni, o seu negocio ta all em cima. —to a fim nao, simone. — como assim? — eu tava pra te falar. a gente vai ter que transar o neg6cio diferente. — diferente como? — olha, é chato eu falar... voce tern sido tdo legal comigo etudo, mas s6 uma de cinquenta num da mais, que mes que vem eu faco dezoito anos e al já you ser maior de idade, quer dizer, se os homens me arrocham, se os samangos descobrem as transacOes, eu danco e num da pra ninguem ir Id me soltar, voce sabe, menor eles ainda maneram, mas passou dos dezoito a porrada come solta, pega prisao e o iscambau. — ta legal, eu dobro pra cem. — quero dez por cento. — como? voce ficou louco? dez por cento pra carregar urn embrulhinho dois quarteirOes? — pra ser o traficante, voce quer dizer. o vapozeiro, que em caso de arrocho leva a toalha maior, se eu dancar voce vai limpar minha barra? num vai, ne? entdo é dez por cento, e tudo pesadinho na balanca.

— nada feito. dez por cento nem brincando. — nada feito? entao td, num se fala mais. fim de papo. — perai. perai. voceja falou corn a malu sobre isso? — olha, é o seguinte, eu já to corn o saco cheio da sua filha, simone, por uma pd de coisas, e principalmente porque h mais de um mes que eu t6 sacando como e porque comecaram a me transar. quando lembro, chega a dar nojo, que foi tudo pensado, calculado... — born, ja que é assim, entdo saiba que seus servicos estao dispensados, que a malu ja ta transando outro babacdo pra botar no teu lugar. vocéjá esta crescidinho e num serve mais, sacou? — to sabendo. agora, simone, presta atencao: eu you trabalhar sozinho, por minha conta, que eu ja sei os pontos e tudo, e corta de botar o serginho no meu rumo que eu sei o nome inteiro de cada um de voces e dou parte no ato pra quem gosta de saber dessas coisas, e algumas das pessoas que eu falo já sao meus chapinhas do coracdo. dai, ja sacou, ne? amarra bem o teu bode. tchau proces, ta falado? caceta!

"Sabe quem dancou?" ("Do you know who screwed up?"), the original name of this short story, is also the name of the book in which the story appeared.

(Sabe quem Dancou? - Rio, Codecri, 1978) NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

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The faith and the charm of Bahia Part III Capoeira, candomble, Carnaval, the best the Brazilian popular culture has to offer can be seen every day in all its authenticity on the streets of Salvador, ltaparica, Santo Amaro.

Before doing anything in Salvador, find out about the schedule for Candomble ceremonies, so nu don't miss a night in a terreiro. Bahiatursa has mvny Candomblistas on its staff who can provide a complete list of terreiros and advise you on the 36

schedule for the month. Activities usually start around 8 or 9 PM and can be held any day of the week.

Capoeira School — To visit a capoeira school it's best to get the up-to-date schedule from Bahiatursa, which has a complete listing of schools and class schedules. The Associacao de Capoeira Mestre Bimba is an excellent school.

It's at Rua Francisco Muniz Barreto 1, 1st floor Terreiro de Jesus. Beaches — Pituba, Armacao, Piataa, Placaford, and Itapoa beaches may not be as famous as Ipanema and Copacabana, but they are more beautiful. Although these beaches are all within 45 minutes by bus from the center Pituba, Armacao and Piataa are becoming increasingly polluted and are not recommended for swimming. If you want to swim it's advisable to head for Placaford, Itapoa or further north.

If you just want to wander through the city beach scene, Barra is the First Atlantic beach and the liveliest, but swimming is not advisable due to heavy pollution. There are plenty of restaurants, barracas and bars. You can see Bahia's oldest fort, the polygonal Santo Antonio da Barra, which was built in 1598 and fell to the Dutch in 1624. The view of Itaparica is splendid.

See the Getting Around section for details about transport to these beaches.

Festival — Carnaval in Salvador is justly world famous. For four nights and three days, beginning on a Thursday night, the masses go to the streets and stay until they fall. There's nothing to buy, so all you have to do is follow your heart -- or the nearest trio eletrico -- and play.

Carnaval receives greatest emphasis, but it is by no means the only festival worth attending.

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

There are many others, particularly in January and February, which attract huge crowds from the city. Since the 17th century, religious processions have remained an integral part of the city's cultural life. Combining elements of the sacred and profane, Candomble and Catholicism, many of these festivals are as wild as Carnaval and possibly more colorful.

Carnaval — Carnaval, usually held in February or March, starts on a Thursday night and continues until the following Monday. Everything, but everything, goes during these four days. In recent years Carnaval has revolved around the trios eletricos. The trios play distinctly upbeat music from the tops of trucks that slowly wind their way through the main Carnaval areas (Praca Castro Alves, Campo Grande and Barra). Surrounding the trios is a sea of dancing, drinking revelers.

Carnaval brings so many tourists and so much money to Salvador that there's been an inevitable tendency towards commercialization, although this trend is still light years behind Rio. Fortunately, residents of the city have been very critical of recent Carnavals and in 1986, for example, control of Carnaval arrangements was taken away from the bureaucrats and handed over to Waly Salomao, a local poet and friend of (singer) Gilberto Gil. Waly promoted Carnaval's most authentic manifestations: events were decentralized, and freer and more impromptu expression was encouraged. Let's hope the spontaneity continues.

Take a look at the newspaper or go to Emtursa or Bah iatursa for a list of events. Don't miss the afoxes (Afro blocos), such as Badaue, Aye, Olodum,1ie, Muzenza and the most famous, Filhos de Gandhi (Sons of Gandhi). The best place to see them is in Liberdade, Salvador's largest black district.

Also, explore Carnaval Caramuru in Rio Vermelho and the smaller happenings in Itapok the old fishing and whaling village which has a fascinating ocean procession on the last day of Carnaval, when a whale is delivered to the sea.

The traditional gay parade is held on Sunday at Praca Castro Alves. Many of Brazil's best musicians return to Salvador for Carnaval, and the frequent rumors that so and so will be playing on the street are often true (for example, Gilberto Gil and Baby Consuelo have both taken part).

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

Many clubs have balls just before and during Carnaval. If you're in the city before the festivities start you can also see the blocos practicing.

Hotels do book up during Carnaval, so reservations are a good idea. Stay near the center or in Barra. Violence can be a problem during Carnaval and some women travelers have reported violent approaches from locals. A common danger you may encounter at Carnaval is when you are sucked into the pack right behind a trio eletrico and have to dodge all the dancers with their flying elbows!

Procissao do Senhor Bona Jesus dos Navegantes — This festival, which originated in Portugal in 1750, is one of Bahia's most popular celebrations. On New Year's Eve, the image of Senhor dos Navegantes is taken to Igreja Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, close to Mercado Modelo in Cidade Baixa. On the morning of New Year 's Day, a maritime procession, consisting of dozens of boats, transports the

37

image along the bay and returns it to the beach, at Boa Viagem, which is packed with onlookeril eager to celebrate with music, food and drink.

Festas de Reis — Also of Portuguese origin, this festival is held in Igreja da Lapinha on 5 and 6 January.

Lavagem do Bonfim —This festival, which takes place on the second Thursday in January and is attended by huge crowds, culminates with the ritual lavagem (washing) of the church by meies and filhas de santo. Abundant flowers and lights provide impressive decoration, and the party atmosphere continues with the Filhos de Gandhi and trios eletricos providing musical accompaniment for dancers.

Festa de Sao Lazar() — This is a festival dedicated to the Candomble orixa Omulu, and culminates on the last Sunday in January with a mass, procession, festival and ritual cleansing of the church.

Festa de Iemanja — A grand maritime procession takes flowers and presents to lemanja, the Mae e Rainha das Aguas (Mother and Queen of the Waters). One of Candomble's most important festivals, it's celebrated on 2 February in Rio Vermelho and accompanied by trios eletricos, afoxes and plenty of food and drink.

Lavagem da Igreja de Repoli — Celebrated in Itapoa, 15 days before Carnaval, this warm-up for Carnaval is all music and dance with blocos and afaxes.

Procissao do Encontro — Sometime in mid March, this large religious procession represents the meeting of Nossa Senhora das Dores with Senhor dos Passos.

Festa de Sao Joao — This festival is celebrated on 23 and 24 June with pyrotechnics and many parties on the street where genipapo, a local liqueur, is consumed in liberal quantities.

Santa Barbara — The festival of Santa Barbara is the Candomble festa of the markets.

Probably the best spot to see the festivities from 4 to 6 December is in Rio Vermelho at the Mercado do Peixe.

Festa de Nossa Senhora da Conceicao — This festival takes place on 8 December and features a procession in Cidade Baixa followed

by Candomble ceremonies in honor of Leman* Passagem do Ano Novo —New Year's Eve is celebrated with all the zest of Carnaval especially on the beaches.

Places to Stay — Salvador has many hotels but they can all fill up during the Carnaval season --reservations are a good idea. Bahiatursa can help you find lodging -- just provide the staff with a general idea of your preferred price range and type of lodging. Bahiatursa also has 38

lists of houses that take in tourists and these can be a source of excellent, cheap lodgings when hotels are full, especially during summer holidays and Carnaval. But beware, the tourist office makes selective referrals and it helps if you don't look too burnt-out or broke.

If you plan to pass most of your days at the beach and just go into the city on occasion, consider staying in Itapoa, the nicest Atlantic beach suburb. From Itapoa, it's a good 45-minute ride to the city center, but the beaches are topnotch, there are several hotels, and the town itself is an old fishing village with a good feel and few tour ts. It's also close to the airport, which can make it convenient if you're flying out the next day.

Barra is full of bars, discos and music. Some places are quite good, but it's more touristy and Westernized than other neighborhoods.

Habeas Copos at Avenida Marques de Ledo 172 is an old favorite with the bohemian crowd.

Zimbabwe, Rua Afonso Celso 473, has good music and specializes in afrodisiacos (aphrodisiac drinks)!

Rio Vermelho district has some of Salvador's best music clubs.

A pleasant bar with outside tables is Intermezzo at Largo da Mariquita s/ n (no number). It's next to Cine Teatro Maria Bethania, a film theater which may appeal to film buffs with its regular screening of a wide range of national and international films. In the same district is the student hangout 68, at Avenida Cardeal da Silva s/n. The number 68 refers to the worst year of repression during the 20-year military dictatorship. Although there is no live music the joint jumps. It's unpretentious and drinks are cheap.

Outdoor seating provides refuge from the cigarettes.

Things to Buy - For handicrafts, you can browse in Mercado Modelo, Praca da Se, and Terreiro de Jesus-- all places where articles and prices are geared to tourists. For a large, local market catering less to tourists, try Mercado Sao Joaquim (also known as Feira Sao Joaquim), which is just north of the city center. Dedicated shoppers should head for Shopping Iguatemi (Salvador's largest shopping center) and Shopping Barra, both of which are gigantic complexes with dozens of shops.

Getting Around — Venice has its canals and gondolas, Salvador has its bluffs, elevators, NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

hills, valleys and one-way streets. Bus strikes are very common. Our visit coincided with a mega advertising campaign for a huge tourism convention. Just a day. or so before the convention was to begin, the bus drivers went on strike and paralyzed the city for the duration of the event!

The Lacerda Elevator runs daily from 5 am to midnight linking the low and high cities. The Plano Inclinado Goncalves, behind the cathedral near the Praca da Se, makes the same link and is more fun, but only operates from Monday to Friday 6 am to 8 PM and Saturdays 6 am to 1 PM. ITAPARICA Many Bahians love Itaparica, the largest island in Baia de Todos os Santos, but it's really not a must-see destination. Weekends are crowded, transportation is slow without a car, it's fairly expensive and the beaches aren't as pretty as the more accessible beaches north of the city.

Itaparica is popular with many Brazilians, who prefer a swim in the calm waters of the bay to the rough and tumble of the ocean. The island is built up with many weekend homes, but has few budget hotels. Many of the beaches are dirty and the best part of the island is owned by Club Med. Yet there still are a few clean beaches where you can just kick back on the sand, lie beneath windswept palms and gaze across the bay at the city (try Barra Grande for example).

Orientation - At the northern tip of the island is the city of Itaparica and its Sao Lourenco Fort. Built by the Dutch invaders in the 17th century, the fortress figured prominently in Bahia's battle for independence in 1823. The Solar Tenente Botas (Mansion of Lieutenant Botas) on the square of the same name, the Igreja Matriz do Santissimo Sacramento on Rua Luis Gama and the Fonte da Bica (mineral water fountain) round out the city sights.

Along the Coast, between Cidade de Itaparica and Bom Despacho, is Ponte da Areia, a thin strip of sand with barracas. The water is clear and shallow, the sandy floor slopes gently into the bay.

South of Mar Grande (perhaps the most likable town on the island), the beaches of Barra do Gil, Barra do Pote and Coroa all have excellent views of Salvador, while on the other side of Club Med is Barra Grande, Itaparica's finest open-to-the-public beach.

The beaches further to the south up to and NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

including Cacha Pregos are dirtier and generally less beautiful, although many Bahians consider Cacha PregOs the best beach on the island.

The Reconcavo Region The reconcavo is the region of fertile lands spread arouhd the Baia de Todos os Santos.

Some of the earliest Brazilian encounters between Portuguese, Indian and African peoples occurred here and the lands proved to be among Brazil's best for growing sugar and tobacco.

Along with the excellent growing conditions, the region prospered due to its relative proximity to Portuguese sugar markets, the favorable winds to Europe and the excellent harbors afforded by the Baia de Todos os Santos.

By 1570 there were already 18 mills and by 1584 there were 40. The sugar plantation system was firmly entrenched by the end of the 16th century and continued to grow from the sweat of African slaves for another 250 years.

Tobacco came a bit later to the reconcavo.

Traded to African slave-hunters and kings, it was the key commodity in the triangular slave trade. Tobacco was a more sensitive crop to grow than sugar and the estates were much smaller. Big fortunes were made growing sugar, not tobacco. On the other hand, fewer slaves were needed -about four per tobacco farm -- so many poorer Portuguese settlers went into tobacco and a less rigid social hierarchy developed. Many even did some of the work!

A second subsidiary industry in the reconcavo ,was cattle ranching, which provided food for the plantation hands, and transport for the wood that fueled the sugar engenhos (mills) and for delivery of the processed cane to market. Cattle breeding started in the reconcavo and spread inland, radiating west into the serteio and Minas Gerais, then northwest into Piaui.

If you have time for only one side trip from Salvador, visit Cachoeira and perhaps squeeze in Santo Amaro or Maragojipe on the way. A suggested itinerary is to take the weekday afternoon boat to Maragojipe and then the bus along the banks of the Rio Paraguacu to Cachoeira. If you rent a car, drive up through Santo Amaro. If your timing is good, on Friday or Saturday nights, you may be invited to attend a terreiro de Candomble at Cachoeira. From Cachoeira, there are frequent buses back to Salvador.

39

CACHOEIRA Cachoeira, 121 km from Salvador and 40 km from Santo Amaro, stands below a series of hills beside the Rio Paraguacu which is spanned by a bridge, built by the British in 1885 as a link with its twin town sao Felix. Affectionately known as the jewel of the reconcavo, Cachoeira has a population of 28,000 and lies in the center of Brazil's best tobacco growing region. Apart from tobacco, the main crops in the area are cashews and oranges.

The town is full of beautiful colonial architecture, uncompromised by the presence of modern structures. As a result, it was pronounced a national monument in 1971 and the state of Bahia started paying for restoration and preservation of historic buildings. However, these funds appear to have dried up and the municipal authorities in Cachoeira are continuing the work on their own dwindling budget. Cachoeira is also a renowned center of Candomble orthodoxy and the home of many traditional artists and artisans.

History - Diego Alvares, the father of Cachoeira's founders, was the sole survivor of a ship bound for the West Indies that was wrecked in 1510 on a reef near Salvador. The Portuguese Robinson Crusoe was saved by the Tupinamba Indians of Rio Vermelho, who dubbed the strange white sea creature Caramuru or Fish-Man. Diego Alvares lived 20 years with the Indians and married Catarina do Paraguacu, the daughter of the most powerful Tupinamba chief. Their sons Jodo Gaspar Aderno Alvares and Rodrigues Martins Alvares killed off the local Indians, set up the first sugar-cane fazendas and founded Cachoeira.

By the 18th century, tobacco from Cachoeira was considered the world's finest, sought by rulers in China and Africa, and was more profitable than sugar. Tobacco also became popular in Brazil. The holy herb, as it was called, was taken as snuff, smoked in a pipe or chewed.

Early in the 19th century, Cachoeira achieved fame as a center for military operations in Bahia to oust the Portuguese rulers, and on 25 June 1822, the town became the first to recognize Dom Pedro I as the independent ruler of Brazil.

Candomble — If at all possible, try to see Candomble in Cachoeira. This is one of the strongest and perhaps purest spiritual and religious centers for Candomble. Long and mysterious Candomble ceremonies are held in small homes and shacks up in the hills, usually on Friday arid Saturday nights at 8 PM. Visitors are not as common here as in Salvador and the tourist office is sometimes reluctant to give out this sort of information, but you may inspire confidence if you show an interest in Candomble and respect for its traditions.

SANTO AMARO — Santo Amaro is an old, 40

run-down sugar town that knows no tourism.

It's a town with unpretentious charm: if you're going to Cachoeira think about stopping for a few hours, especially if it's a market Saturday, when the town comes to life. If you decide to stay the night, there's often very good local music.

In colonial days, Santo Amaro made its fortune from sugar. Today the major industry is paper production at the paper mill along the road to Cachoeira. The mill has spoiled the Rio Subae and bamboo has replaced sugar cane on the hillsides. Today's reminders of Santo Amaro's sugar legacy are the decrepit pastel mansions of the sugar barons and the many churches. The plantation OIN ners lived on Rua General Camara, the old commercial street.

Many of the churches have been closed since a gang of thieves stole most of the holy images and exported them to France. The largest church, Santo Amaro da Purificacao, is still open.

The Festa de Santo Amaro (6 to 15 January) is celebrated by the ritual lavagem of the church steps. Santo Amaro is the birthplace of two of Brazil's most popular singers: Caetano Veloso and his sister Maria Bethania. During Carnaval, they've been known to put in an appearance between trios eletricos.

Step out to the square across from the church for an evening's promenade. Despite active flirting, the sexes circle separately.

MARAGOJIPE —Circled by Baia de Todos os Santos and rich green fields patched with crops, Maragojipe is a pleasantly decaying tobacco-exporting port -- 32 km from Nazare and 24 km from Cachoeira.

Would-be cowboys tie up their horses and hang out in dockside bars where posters of Jesus and automotive pin-ups vie for wall space. The crumbling plaster facades of the bars look out onto rows of saveiros (homemade fishing boats), dugout canoes and mangrove swamps.

NAZARE — Nazare is an 18th-century city with some colonial buildings and churches and a good market known for its caxixis -- small ceramic figures.

The big festivals are the folkloric Excerpts from Brazil NS de Nazare (24 A Travel Survival Kit January to 2 Feb2nd edition, ruary); and Feira

by Andrew Draffen. dos Caxixis (Holy Deanna Swaney Week), which and Robert Strauss. For features a large more information call market on ThursLonely Planet: (800) 275day and Good Fri8555. Copyright 1992 day of Holy Lonely Planet Publications.

Week, followed Used by permission. by the holiday of Micareta.

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

Arse S1111111D1 She sings the joys of Carnaval, love's pains, the poor's everyday life, the Indians' plight, the protest songs. She is the voice of Brazil, she is a sambista emeritus. She is Beth Carvalho and she will be here in the US very soon.

VIOLET WELLES

1

f any performer embodies the depth of Brazilian feeling rather than the shallow tinsel so many others have too often cho sen, it is the smoky voiced Beth Carvalho.

In a career that has covered more than twenty-five years, she has devoted herself to bringing the true sound and meaning of Brazil's most indigenous musical form to the broadest audience possible all over the world.

Carvalho is Brazil's most passionate, most beloved sambista, the woman who has devoted her life to the music of samba, which to her is "the origin of practically everything in Brazil."

She is also known, world wide, as the madrinha --the god-mother -- of the escolas de samba (samba schools, literally) which emerge each year from Rio's hills to create the music, the color and the glorious chaos of Carnaval. For 22 years she marched with the Mangueira escola. Beyond that, her powerful singing style and uninhibited joy have turned many of the songs written by unknown escola de samba composers into instant classics.

Yet this woman who has allied herself so completely with favela (slum) musicians and social issues, was born in Rio on May 5, 1946, as Elizabeth Santos Leal de Carvalho, daughter of a lawyer, child of a comfortable middle class family. But it was a family which loved music in all of its different forms. Her mother loved classical music and dreamed of young Elizabeth becoming a ballerina. Her father, on the other hand, was an ardent NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

41

Sem Ataque, Sem Defesa Sombra & Adilson Victor Veja s6 0 nosso amor nao deu em nada E foram tantas madrugadas Nao cabia tanto amor pra dar Foi alem da conta te g,ostar Sabe Deus o quanto me valeu Seguir sozinha nessa estrada Quase perdi o meu cam in ho Nossa luz foi apagada Quem sabe um dia A gente possa se entender Se a poesia da paix a- o reacender Nunca se sabe do amanha" o que sera Nunca é tarde pra recomecar Voce foi carta marcada Descartou minha jogada Me fez aprender Jogar e perder no am or Me pegou bem de surpresa Sem ataque e sem defesa SO sei que voce marcou 42

No Attack, No Defense Take a look Our love went nowhere There were so many mornings Not enough love to give Loving you was beyond all Only God knows how good it was To keep going alone on this road I almost lost my way Our light was turned off Who knows one day We will accept each other If the passion's poetry rekindles We never know what tomorrow will bring It's never too late to start again You were a marked card Discarded my game You made me learn To gamble and to lose in love You took me by surprise No attack and no defense I only know you made a hit

admirer of serestas (backyard serenades) and Elizabeth and her sister attended them regularly. He was also a fan of samba school rehearsals and often took the girls to them.

By the time she was in her teens, Elizabeth, who had begun studying at the Academy of Music, had become an accomplished guitarist. At Rio University, where she was studying psychology, she discovered that her guitar playing made her the center of attraction at parties and gatherings. In the beginning of her performing career, Beth Carvalho was particularly interested in the newly popular bossa nova, but after a while extended her repertoire to love ballads and — as the face of her future emerged — social protest songs.

At 19, she entered and won — a TV talent competition. Record companies were astonished at the young singer's abilities and begged her to sign with them. Plans to be a psychologist were deferred permanently. Instead, Carvalho began her climb to becoming Brazil's top woman performer.

In 1966, she changed her style and devoted herself entirely to samba, joining with two other performers, Alcione and Clara Nunes, to become a legendary troika of female sambistas. In 1971, participating with the samba school Unidos de Sao Carlos, she won her first Carnaval competition as best samba singer. Shortly after, she became a member of the Escola de Samba da Mangueira and proudly remains one today.

In the eighties, Alcione changed her style and no longer concentrated on samba. Through the following years, Nunes and Carvalho, both competi-

Longing Fire

Fogo de Saudade Sombra & Adilson Victor Dentro do meu ser Arde uma paixao F020 de saudade Invade o coracao Foi sem perceber Que o amor chegou Sem nem mais porque A luz se apagou E sendo assim A minha voz nao you calar Desejo sim Que urn novo sol venha brilhar

Inside myself A passion burns A longing fire Breaks through the heart Love came Without notice For no reason The lights went out

SO quer) meu lugar Nas asas dessa são Que tanto me fez chorar

And being so I'm not silencing my voice What I wish Is that a new sun would shine Whoever truly loves Gets strength from love And I surely don't deserve The pain which saddens me And being so...

All I want. is my place On the wings of this illusion Which makes me cry so

Mania da Gente

Mania of Ours

Quem ama pra valer Do amor se fortalece NA° fiz por merecer A dor que me entristece E sendo assim...

Mario Sergio, Carica & Luisinho SP Nos convidaram para uma festanca Tinha show de danca e de bale Nunca vimos tanta comilanca Enchemos a panca de canapes Era urn clima bem festivo Do rock progress ivo ao hip-hope Bebidas de todo o tipo Uisque, conhaque, tequila e chope Foi um sabado elegante, Curtimos bastante corn ar de contente Mas o samba é mania da gente A filha da dona da casa Fez o que podia pra nos contentar

They invited us for a bash They had a show of dance and ballet We've never had so much food We pigged out on canapes There was a very joyful mood From progressive rock to hip hop All kinds of drinks Whiskey, cognac, tequila, draft beer It's been an elegant Saturday We've enjoyed a lot with a happy face But Samba is our mania The housewife's daughter Did her best to make us happy

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

tors and friends, alternated in winning best samba singer. A few years ago, Nunes died unexpectedly, leaving Carvalho as supreme sambista in a field which had gradually shifted and become a male dominated one.

As the only female "sambista" of her performing caliber, Carvalho was overwhelmed by samba composers offering her their best works. As a result, she produced one golden record after the other, shows that were sensations, and, when she appeared with Mangueira at Carnaval, a reaction by the crowd that could only be described as hysterically joyful.

In the '80's, she helped launch the "samba pagode" movement, which uses samba rhythms but different instrumentation without pop arrangements. Carvalho's songs celebrate the vibrancy of Carnaval, the devotion of Afro-Brazilian spirit cults, the life of the poor and the plight of Brazil's native Indian population. Though her social topics are often downbeat, her special magic is that she can find the hope in them.

As one critic wrote about her, "She turns samba into a celebration of all that is noble and immortal in the human spirit!" Samba sensations come

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and go. Only Carvalho has endured for more than a quarter of a century and continually grows in popularity.

Brazilians who live in the San Francisco Bay Area have been very excited since they heard that they will have a chance to see Beth Carvalho live and up close.

Carvalho will make her Bay Area performing ebut September 9 and 10 at the histori Palace of Fine Arts Theatre. Carval o and her band will include pago e selections, along with the folk music and social protest songs that are part of her performing range.

Since the week-end follows immediately after Brazilian Independence Day, there w 11 be an added element at the event -- a celebration of modern Brazilian art music and food. And, at the concert, which is being co-sponsored by Varig Brazilian Airlines and the Bay Area Brasilian Club (BABC), with the cultural support of the Consulate of Brazil, and the Brazilian Cultural Movement, Carvalho will lead her audiences in singing the Brazilian national anthem.

For inforiiation about the concert, "Beth Cary lho sings Saudades do Brazil/Mem ries of Brazil," call the BABC at (415) 334-0106.

AQUI BPASIL 0 TIVET 6 HORAS DE DURAcit0 JORNAL BANDEIRANTES - FLASH DIARIO RURAL - DIA A DIA SiLVIA POPOVIC - SEM FRONTEIRAS DOMINGO DEZ (JORNALISMO) E TODO ESPORTE BRASILEIRO I FITA = $6 + $3 (Correio) I mes = $32 -6 meses = $197 (Correio incluido) CUPOM DE ASSINATURA NOME RUA CIDADE

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Brazilian Notas SCOTT ADAMS

It's not hard to like Jane Duboc's smooth and stylish voice. She combines all of the qualities ofa great singer: solid control, decent range, emotive interpretation.

Among the wealth of female vocal stars to be found in Brazil these days, Jane Duboc is truly luminary.

Let's take a look at what's available from her musical library here in the US: Her self-titled Jane Duboc (from Brazil's Movie Play label #BS 235) is a great place to start. A virtual MPB songbook, this CD includes many of your favorites: Djavan's "Capim," JoAo Bosco's "Latin Lovers," Jobim's "Estrada do Sol." Caetano Veloso provides his "Qualquer Coisa," Dorval Caymmi his classic "So Louco." In brief, it's a wonderful collection of Brazilian song with Jane Duboc's timeless delivery.

Duboc's Chama da Paixlio is similarly satisfying, featuring several next gen-

d

oe _It ;;;Ierion

2

eration songwriters including Beto Guedes, Ttilio Mourao and Flavio Venturini. This album brings a contemporary spirit to Duboc's delivery, sometimes spellbinding, sometimes smoothly. forceful. This album also includes "Minas em Mim" penned by the songstress. You'll find it as an import release from Warner Continental #995109-2.

Jane Duboc is probably best known in the US as a result of her recording project with baritone sax player Gerry Mulligan.

Recorded and released through Telarc Jazz (#CD83361) in 1993, it was a musical marriage that equals or surpasses any saxophone/ singer combination in Brazilian recording history, and that includes Getz and Gilberto (either one) and the greatly hyped but poorly received album by Ernie Watts and Gilberto Gil a few years back. The album, entitled Paraiso, is a masterpiece recording, and allows Duboc to shine as never before in her recording career. Her voice is the perfect companion for Mulligan's flowing sax lines, and Duboc's creative use of tones and emotive shading is out-

IS THE MOST ACCLAIMED JAZZ MUSICIAN OF THE DECO

„„11„ 1..?„,.„1, „„, ..

MIS MOST SE•UTIFUL AND ACCES•ISLE ALISON TO OAT

JOE HENDERSON is aTHREE-TIME GRAMMY AWARD winner and a DOWN BEAT TRIPLE CROWN winner two

lK

o b

consecutive years in both the readers arid critics' polls.

lose to artistic genius as jazz gets 1

NEW YORK TIMES •

THE MUSIC OF ANTONIO CARLOS JOBIM Featuring. BERME HANCOCK, CHRISTIAN MCBRIDE, JACK DEJOHNETTE: ant an additional group of Bratilian masters.

rio atiantica hotel

For reservations contact Helena Souza

011-55.21 255-6332 tel 01145-21 255-6410 fax NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

0

7

standing. AlthoUgh a few classics are included here, notably Jobim's "Wave" and "Amor em Paz" and Toquinho' s "Tarde em Itapod," all but one other are co-writtten

by Mulligan arid Duboc, marking yet another plateau for this creative singer. To say that I like th s album is an understateme . You will, too.

Jane Duboc' latest import Partituras f om Movie Play #BS-258 pa s homage to the above entioned Flavio Venturini by featuring fully 17 of hi • compositions including `Besame," "Nuvens (Clo ds)" and "Sobre o Mar ( bove The Sea)" made famo s here last year by guitarist Torcuato Mariano. On t is album, Duboc focuses n her arranging and vo al ability, matching close nd tightly controlled harm ny with a talented group of background singers nd musicians. Expressing a maturity that is rare among her contemporaries, Duboc works a rainbow of styles and delivery, not an easy task when working with only one composer. I also highly recommend it.

After hearing Duboc in Rio last month ar d meeting with her afterwards, I learned that she spent a good number of years living in Alabama as a teenager. She has perfect command of English, a fact not yet fully developed in her recording career, and can still belt out a convincing southern drawl, very surprising considering her natural poise and personal grace. If you didn't know about Jane Duboc, you'll be much happier after reading this column.

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Recenly, a Brazilian marketing magazine contacted me with questions concerning

Brazilian MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) and World Music. So I picked up the latest copy of Billboard magazine. If we used their World Music chart as a geographic reference, what a map it would create! Jamaica would become the world's largest continent, closely followed by Ireland and Africa. Nomadic groups with unusual names would roam the earth: Clannard, Cirque Du Soleil, the Gipsy Kings...

But Brazil? The World Music chart is still waiting to discover Brazilian music.

Ditto for Billboard's Latin Music chart. John Lannert's coverage of MPB in his weekly column helps, but there is no trace of Brazilian music on the charts.

So is Brazil part of World or Latin music in the United States? Or Jazz? The answer is determined by each record label's marketing decision.

That's why it's sometimes difficult to locate that new Brazilian CD you enjoyed listening to on the radio last week.

The role of The Brazilian Music Review is to help you become more familiar with the latest releases, and to assist you with your buying decisions.

We'd like to offer you a free subscription to our quarterly newsletter to help you keep informed with all that's happening in the world of Brazilian music. All you have to do is to call (708) 292-4545 any time and leave us your name address and phone number, and let us know where you heard about our newsletter.

That phone number, by the way, connects you to our Brazilian Music Review Listener Line, where you'll be able to preview new Brazilian albums available in the US over your telephone. So when you come across a Brazilian album you like, don't wait. Buy it. And if you have a question or two, such as Who is the artist? or Where can I buy it? contact us.

That's what we're here for.

Happy Listening!

45

Banheiro - Bathroom-based episodes during a New Year's Eve celebration. Pedro Vicente wrote. Johana Albuquerque directs. With Bha Bocchi Prince, Fernanda Couto and others. In Sao Paulo.

Corra que Papai Vem ai - A gay man has his life disturbed when his father decides to make him an unannounced visit. By Ron Clark and Sam Bobrick.

Directed by Ary Fontoura.In American films just released: Shaltow Rio. Grave (Cova Rasa), Jefferson in Iris Gilgamesh - Director Antunes (Jefferson em Paris), Judge Dredd (0 J z), Filho has based this on a poem Death Machine (A Maquina da Morte), Don of same name. Gigalmesh, a Juan De Marco (Don Juan De Marco anc4he semi-god is beautiful as his Centerfold), Congo (Congo), Ruby Cairo mother (a goddess) but mortal (Ruby Cairo), Map of War (0 Homemcla as his father (a mere man). Luis Guerra) Bad Boyi(Os Bad Boys) The BrotmMelo plays the hero. In Sao ing Version (Nunca Te Amei), The Swan Princess (A Princesa Encantada) The Little Paulo.

0 Livro de J6 - Based on the Rascal (Os Batutinhas).

Bible, it discusses divine interBananas Is My Business - Brazil - 1995 Directed by Helena Solberg, it tells the story vention and God's power. Diof restless singer and Hollywood star Carrfien rected by Antonio Aranjo. In Miranda. With Cynthia Adler, Eric Barpeto Sao Paulo. and Leticia Monte.

Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procura Circle of Friends (Tres Amigas e oma - Miguel Falabella, who wrote Traiccio) - Ireland- 1994 - It's the end ofthe the text, plays all 17 characters.

50's and Benny goes to college and has her of this comical monologue. In first romance. Directed by Pat O'Connor Rio. La Chasse aux Papillons (alga as BorboNa Era do Rddio - Clovis letas) - France - 1992 - Directed by Otar Levy's play showing the Iosseliani. The world seen through the eyes changes in Brazil from the 20s of two women who are against progressi to the 50s. Sergio Britto diHeavenly Creatures (Almas Ge'meas) - Ausrects. With Totial Meirelles And tralia - 1994 - A morbid friendship betwpen Nildo Parente. In Rio. two girls who live in a fantasy world.

Nas Raias da Loucura - Name Menino Maluquinho - Brazil inspired by interpreter - 1995 - Based on charaeter Claudia Raia. Lyrics by created by cartoonist Ziraldo.

Silvio de Abreu and diMaluquinho (Litte Crazy rected by Ze Rodrix. In One) goes to his grandfather's Rio. farm for a vacation his parNoites de Cabrita ents get a divorce.

Comedy directed by The Promise- (A Promesso) Bibi Ferreira. The CaGermany - 1994 - By Marbrita from the title is gareth von Trotta. Two lovactress Marcia Cabrita ers separated by the Berlin who is the interpreter of wall are able to meet only the monologue. IOU). three times in 30 years.

Trair e Co car E SO Shopping (Shopping - Alvo Come car A loony maid do Crime) - England - 1995 makes life miserable for A youngsters' gang, its exher bosses. Comedy diploits, robberies and skirAntunes F ilho in rected by Attilio Ricc6. mishes with Police. Paul games In sao Paulo.

Anderson directs.

Movies

46

Fiction 1. A Profecia Celestina James Redfield (Objetiva) 2. Pelas Portas do Coracdo Zibia GaTaretto (Espaco, Vida & Consc iencia) 3. Comerlias da Vida Privada 101 Cronicas Escolhidas Luis Fernando Verissimo (L&PM) 4. Na Margem do Rio Piedra Eu Sentei e Chore!

Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 5. Laps Eternos Zibia M. Gasparetto (Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 6. Violetas na Janela Vera Lucia Marinzeck de Carvalho (Petit) 7. Pocahontas - Disney Studios (Melhoramentos) 8. Nada Dura para Sempre Sidney Sheldon (Record) 9. 0 Amor Venceu Zibia Gasparetto (Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 10. As Valkirias Paulo Coelho (Rocco)

Nonfiction 1. Anjos Cabalfsticos Monica Buonfipo - (Oficina Cultural Esoterica) 2. 0 Guia dos Curiosos Marcelo Duarte - (Companhia das Letras) 3. Dez Anos no Mar Familia Schurman (Record) 4. Maud, Empresdrio do Imp& rio - Jorge Caldeira (Companhia das Letras) 5. A Magia dos Anjos Cabalfsticos - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 6. Minutos de Sabedoria Carlos T. Pastorinho (Vozes) 7. Chaff) - 0 Re! do Brasil Fernando Morais - (Companhia das Letras) 9. Maktub Paulo Coelho - (Rocco) 8. 0 Povo Brasileiro - Darcy Ribeiro - (Companhia das Letras) 9. Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 10. Voce Pode Curar sua Vida Louise L. Hay (Best Seller) NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

BAHIA'S SOUND BITES -

Is IT RIO OR SAN DIEGO? For the first time in its 12-year history, the traditional annual San Diego (California) Street Scene includes Brazilian music in the program.

And Brazil on September 8 and 9 will mark its debut in grand style, transform in the streets of downtown San Diego into a suburb of Rio or Bahia with its Brazilian Street Carnaval.

The rhythms of samba, frevo and other Carnaval sounds will fill up the streets from 5:30 PM to midnight on Friday, September 8 and then again on Saturday from 4:30 PM to midnight.

Among the Brazilian artists participating in the open-air celebrations will be Lula & Afro-Brazil, Josias Santos & Sambrasil, Katia Moraes, Sol e Mar, Renni Flores and Luisa Marques.

The festival will also offer Brazilian food, arts and crafts. Held in the historic Gaslamp Quarter in a 21-block area, San Diego's Street Scene is considered California's biggest food and music festival, with more than 100 national and international acts performing, and around 75,000 attendees. For Street Scene tickets and hotel info call (619) 268-9025.

BRAZILIAN MUSICel ANYONE.

For all its wealth and importance in the world, and innumerable mentions on the Internet, Brazilian music still doesn't have its own forum of discussion on the all-encompassing computer international network. People interested in Brazilian music have been posting their messages in forums like rec.music.afro-latin and alt.music.world.

All of this should change if the 'proponents of rec.music.brazilian, a newsgroup solely dedicated to the Brazilian sounds have their way. The cre-ation or not of the new forum will depend on your vote. Anyone willing Ito participate can read the posting "RFD: rec.music.brazilian" on the "news.groups" section of the Internet.

The so-called call for votes (CFV) will 'be posted in mid September. Like to know more? E-mail any question or :omment to Michael J. Docy at --nikedocy@netcom.com 4EWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

The musically wealthiest state of Brazil, Bahia, has gotten a representative sample of its rhythmic richness in a recently release CD. Yele Brazil brings the contagiously joyful sounds of Carnaval's trios elcstricos, the religious hymns ofcandomble rituals and the excitement of the escolas desamba. Bahia's most well-known singers are here: Dorival Caymmi with his "Canto de Nana", late Clara Nunes singing "Jogo de Angola", Marisa Monte interpreting "Volte para o Seu Lar".

The best groups .,are also represented with Ara Ketu leading the way followed by Banda Reflexu's and Paralamas do Sucesso. Vele Brazil, released by Hemisphere Records (New York, Chicago, Los Angeles) colebrates the Afro-Brazilian spirit so very present in Bahia's everyday life. Want to know more? Call (212) 334-2170.

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http://www.earthlink.net/—brazzil 213 255-8062 NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

40

FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET CATERING

Joy's Catering - "We Make Your Party" - Dinners, salad bar, finger food and petit fours. Now cooking frozen food for your busy week. Call (310) 438-3415

available. Call (310) 214-9727 JOB SOUGHT

Civil Engineer with Master's Degree offers services. (Substantial knowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521.

CLASSES

Computer classes - Groups and private classes. (818) 507-1521.

Looking for a very fast, efficient and pleasant way to learn Brazilian Portuguese? (415) 991-3476 Portuguese classes - Individual & small groups. Relaxed, fun, but very efficient and personalized lessons. I'm a native Brazilian instructor with an university degree in languages. Try a free lesson. (415) 771-9474 Portuguese lessons - Designed for all levels, in an informal fun atmosphere. The instructor is a native speaker with Master Degree/teaching experience in the US. (415) 383-8859 COOKING

Best Selling Brazilian Cookbook - Delightful Brazilian Cooking

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ENTERTAINMENT

The best Brazilian dance group in San Francisco & Bay Area with the performing experience in movies, clubs and other celebrations. Video available. Call (415) 312-8667.

GENEALOGY

Family History — Discover your family's heritage! We specialize in helping you find your Brazilian and European ancestors. NOs falamos Portugues!

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INCOME OPPORTUNITY

Make $$$money at home! No gimmick! Send S.A.S.E to Goldberg Co. 1453 14th St. Box 275 - Santa Monica, CA 90404 JOB OFFERED

See you at the top — Int. Co. seeking bilingual — Portuguese a plus — with positive and outgoing attitude motivated to reach top positions working w/ quality business people. Expansion throughout California. Training NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS

Jornais e revistas do Brasil.

Recebemos jornais diarios etodas as principals revistas, incluindo masculinas e femininas, alem de gibis, palavras cruzadas e livros de bolso. Tel. & Fax: (617) 7870758.

Mum Brazilian Music in its totality.

Samba, bossa nova, chorinho, baido, axe, and more. Merchant Express - (800) 589-5884.

PERSONAL

American businessman has lived in your country and loves your people, music, & dance.

Desires friendship/romance with Brasileira between 22-30 years.

Interests include yoga, health food, nature. Please write R.B. 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024.

American Doctor, male, seeks Brazilian lady, 18-32 for fun and romance. Must be pretty. I'm very handsome and look Brazilian. (213) 293-8909. Los Angeles area.

American Jewish man, 36, sincere, deep, fun, active, doctor, seeks Jewish lady under 35 with brown eyes and long dark hair, in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168.

American Plastic Surgeon. Internationally recognized. Attractive. Athletic. Has toured Brazil.

Seeks intelligent, athletic, attractive, non smoking Brasileira who likes skin diving, aerobics, surfing, outdoor photography & cooking. Ages 22-30. Send photos and C.V. to G.M. - 2318 Washington - Great Bend, Kansas, 67530 - U.S.A. Americano: 31, handsome, secure, seeks Brazilian lady 22-32 for lasting relationship. Eu falo Portugues. Send letter and photo to Brad, 5510 Sepulveda Blvd., Apt. #212, Sherman Oaks, CA 91411.

Americano, divorciado, branco, 51 anos (parece 44 anos), 176 centimetros, 71 qui los, olhos azuis, cabelos castanhos, eng.enheiro, monogamo, casaprOpna.

FEIRA LIVRE RATES: 500 a word. Phone is one word.

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POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our discretion. Sorry, no credit card at this time. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please, include address and phone number, which will be kept confidential.

DEADLINE: The 15th of the month. Late material will he held for the following month if appropriate.

TO PLACE AD: Send ad with check or money order to: News from Brazil P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536.

Mx) fumo, pode furhar. Procuro uma mulher delgada ou media ate 40 anos que more perto de Simi Valley, para relacionamento serio. Responda em ingles corn sua foto, por favor. Patrick O'Bryan, 1728 Townley Circle, Simi Valley. CA 9063.

Americano, 37 anos, delgado olhos azuis, professor de Ingle's.

Fala Frances, Espanhol, Italian°, Portugues. Deseja encontrar brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva para William, 1431 Ocean Ave., #1106, Santa Monica, CA, 90401 Brasileiro, 31, busco outros rapazes 20-35 para amizade, etc.

Los Angeles area. (213) 9698329 French American guy looking for friendship with Brazilian men 35-55. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. Box 16655, Beverly Hills, CA 9 209 Handsome gay Am rican man wants gay male pert-pals from Rio and Brazil. Write Roberto — 1086 Post St. #309, San Francisco, CA 94109 US L.A./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and supportive seeks smatt, loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 to 35 for love and companionship.

Write letter with photo to Dr. G. Martin -1107 Fair Oaks #184 South Pasadena, CA 91030 or call (213) 223-6100.

Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. #179, San Francisco, CA 94103.

Sophisticated, attractive lady with Scandinavian art degree seeks professional, attractive 4758 man — non-American, non smoker—for love eventual marriage. (213) 851-2767 Successful, wealthy, good-look-

ing marriage-minded romantic American comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portuguese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated, English-speaking, nonsmoking, nonreligious brasileira in L.A. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757, Santa Monica, CA 90408 PRINTING

Pyramid Press offers: typesetting, copy-editing, custom desktop publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425.

PSYCHOTHERAPY

Elizabete Almeida MFCC licensed psychotherapist. (310) 281-7536.

REAL ESTATE

BUYING, SELLING, RENTING - Let me assist you with all your Real Estate needs. Anywhere in the U.S. through National Referral Services. Call Debora Jackson at (703) 5480700. McEnearney Associates Inc. RECIPES

Brazilian recipes - 18 of the most popular Brazilian foods, including "comidas baianas" (Bahian food) and delicious "sobremesas" (desserts). Special price for News from Brazil readers. Send $2.55 (includes shipping and handling) to: Landmark Publications, Dept. C-1, 15860 Landmark Dr. suite 19, Whittier, CA 90604.

TRANSLATION & INTERP.

Certified translator, fast and reliable. Call Sonia (813) 7747458.

J. Henry Phillips, simultaneous interpreter and ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (512) 8341941. Fax: (512) 834-0070.

49

calendar - september 95 u.s.a.

FRIDAY 1

TV & RADIO COAST TO COAST TV Beautiful Brazil - Every

Saturday, 9 PM (East Coast Time) with Goulart de Andrade on the International Channel (In Portuguese with English subtitles) BOSTON Coracao Brasileiro - Every

Sunday, 12.00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM WMBR CHICAGO The Sounds of Brazil - Every Saturday, 10:00 pm Midnight, 95.5 FM, WNUA with Scott Adams Show Brazil -Every Friday, 8.00 am - 11.00 am, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Edna Moreno Brazilian Style of Music -

Every Friday, 11:00 am 2-00 pm, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Marlon Catao LOS ANGELES

Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 2:00 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour -Every Sat-

urday and Sunday, 9.100 am - 10.00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko MIAMI RADIO Brazilians Love Jazz -Every Sunday, 5.00 pm - 6:00 pm with Gina Martelli - 93.9

IMNTIllreEIFXRETi

- Love 94

MIAMI 8:00 PM - Rio Ecstasy with Marta

BTN (Brazilian TV Network) - 11.00 pm - 1.00 am,

DCI ch. 40, S. South ch. 51, Adelphia ch. 52, Gold Coast ch 99

LONGTBEACMC

Sargentelli at Scala Miami -(305) 371-5604 - Every Thursday to Sunday 10:00 PM - Yes Brazil at Brasil Fantasy - (305) 461-5669 - Every Friday

7:00 PM - Opening reception for Dentro

CENTURYIOITIGCME

more at Brazilian Carnaval at Street Scene - Downtown (619) 268-9025 Also tomorrow and Sunday CENTURYICIT:GCA13

8:00 PM - Rio Boogie at Tripps SATURDAY 2

MIAMI 10:00 PM - Yes Brazil at Brasil Fantasy - (305) 461-5669 - Every Saturday

LONG BEAOM5CAL From today until November 19 Dentro Brasil, an exhibition featuring works by 25 Brazilian videoartists - At the Long Beach Museum of Art - 2300 E Ocean Blvd -(310) 439-2119

LOS ANGELES 8:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba

10:00 PM - Lula & Afro-Brazil at

Cafe Danssa

SUNDAY 3

NEWARK

Brasil - Performance by Arnaldo Antunes & Zaba Moreau - Also SambaLa Escola de Samba - See September 2

SANIDIEGO 5:30 PM - Lula & Afro Brazil & many

8:00 PM - Rio Boogie at Tripps SATURDAY 9

NEWARKJIEWtJERSEY 3:00 PM - 4th Annual Festival Independencia do Brasil at Ferry St. (201) 344-6167

NEWYORK 10:00 PM - Samba Novo at SOB's -204 Varick St. - (212) 243-4940 SANTRANCISOO 8:00 PM - Beth Carvalho at Palace of Fine Arts Theater - Bay St. at Lyon St. (415) 334-0106

BERKEEEYLCAU 9:00 PM - Viva Brasil with Orixa Baba

show at Azkenaz LOSTANGELES

10:00 AM - 7:00 PM - Independence Day Street Fair at 46th

10:00 PM - Sergio 2000 & Band at Cafe

9:00 PM - Independence Day Celebration with Star Samba at

SUNDAY 10

St. between 5th & 6th Ave

SOB's - 204 Varick St. - (212) 243-4940

SANE7FRANCISOO 9:00 PM - Fogo na Roupa at Bahia Cabana

LONGBEACH2OAL1 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill MONDAY 4 Los: ANGELES 2:00 PM - Brazilian Independence Day Celebration with

Danssa

BOSTON 7:30 PM -Ana Raffo at Bella Luna -405

Centre St - Jamaica - (617) 524-6060 MIAMI

1:00 PM - 10:00 PM - Margareth Menezes in the Third Annual Brazilian

Independence Day Festival at the Bay from Park - Downtown -(305) 450-1772 NEWARIOMEWJERSEY

3:00 PM - 4th Annual Festival Independencia do Brasil at Ferry St

(201) 344-6167

Sonia Santos, Kleber Jorge & more at Rancho Cienega Park TUESDAY 5

NEVPRODRK 8:00 PM-Dori Caymmi & Kevin Lettau at SOB's - 204 Varick St - (212) 243-4940

THURSDAY 7 TV

9:00 PM - Carla° & guitar at Nino's FRIDAY 8

NEW YORK 10:00 AM - Independence Day Mass at St. Patrick Cathedral 5th Ave at 51st St.

8:00 PM - Flora Purim & Airto Moreira at SOB's - 204 Varick

LOS ANGELES 14 Below - 1348 14th St., Santa Monica - (310) 451-5040 Cafe Danssa - 11533 W Pico B1 West L.A.- (310) 478-7866 Foothill - 1922 Cheri-) Axe. Long Beach -(310) 983-9190 La Vk Lee - 12514 Ventura BI Studio City - (818) 980-8158 Tripps - Cent. Club - 10131 Constellation B1.-(310) 5530000 Zabumba -10717 Venice BI‘d Culver City -(310) 841-6525

St. - (212) 243-4940

BERMU:GOAL 50

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

SAISURANCISOLO 12:00 NOON - Independence Day Celebration at Bahia Cabana 3:00 PM - Beth Carvalho at Palace of Fine Arts Theater - Bay St at Lyon St (415) 334-0106 ;i„.Cfitti 4:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Band at Club Cohiba - (310) 437-7700 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill

THURSDAY 14 fel* 9:00 PM - Carldo & guitar at Nino's

FRIDAY 15 MUM 8:00 PM - Rio Boogie at Tripps

SATURDAY 16

NE 10:00 PM - Brazilian Energy at SOB 's -204 Vanck St - (212) 243-4940 BERKEEE=XLI 8:00 PM - Romero Lubambo & Weber Drummond at Maybeck Recital Hall 1537 Euclid Ave - (510) 848-4234 GEM 8:00 PM - Katia Moraes at grand opening of Casa Samba - 5253 West Adams (213) 954-8080 8:00 PM - Luiza & Brazil Tropical at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Flavia de Mello & Band at Café Danssa

SUNDAY 17 4:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Band at Club Cohiba (310) 437-7700 7:00 PM - Brazilian Independence Celebration at Foothill

THURSDAY 21

MONIEREWCALI 8:00 PM - Romero Lubambo & Weber Drummond at Monterey Jazz Festival (510) 848-4234

9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at Nino's

FRIDAY 22 From today to September 24: New Vision: a Festival and Exchange - Different times and places - Brazilian artists in dance, music, poetry, video and radio.

At the Colony Theater, 1040 Lincoln Road, Miami Beach and other locations. (305) 324-4337 8:00 PM - Rio Boogie at Tripps

SATURDAY 23 10:00 PM - Kaliandu at SOB's 204 Vanck St - (212) 243-4940 8:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Constellation Band at Café Danssa

SUNDAY 24 7:30 PM - Ana Raffo at Bella Luna - 405 Centre St. - Jamaica - (617) 524-6060 7:00 PM-Carlos Diegues's Veja Esta Cancao at Victoria Theater - 16th St. & Mission St. - (415) 553-8135 - At 9:15 PM Caetano

in Bahia.

Francisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo Ave.-Berkeley (510)525-5054 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market St. - S. Feo (415) 861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St. S Francisco (415) 434-3688 Nino's - 1916 Martin L. King Jr.. Berkeley (510) 845-9303 Yoshi's-6030 Claremont Ave Oakland (510) 652-9200

NEWS from BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 1995

NEW YORK RADIO Brasil com S - Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBGO Brazil FM - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM with Tulio Reis 105.9 FM - WNWK Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10:00 PM with Leo Costa & Alberto Lopes - 89.9 FM - WKCR Radio Amazonia - Every day, 6:30 PM on short wave - 6.185 MHZ

TV Brazilians in America-TV - Every Sunday, 5:30 PM Channel 16

SACRAMENTO California The Sounds of Brazil - Every Sunday, 11 00 pm- 1:00 am , KSSJ FM, 101.9 with Scott Adams

FRIDAY 29

S. FRANCISCO

10:00 PM - Brazilian Cruise Party on The Spirit of San Diego - (619) 234-4111

SATURDAY 30

SAN FRANCISCO

Luqui Corporation -Jornal Bandeirantes - 11:00 pm 1- 00 am, Dynamic ch. 20, S South ch. 41, Gold Coast ch 44, DCI ch. 45

7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLS at Foothill 4:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Club Cohiba (310) 437-7700

8:00 PM - Rio Boogie at Tripps

Aioli - 469 Bush Street San:-

TV & RADIO

8:00 PM - Josias Band Sambrasil at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Constellation Band at Cafe Danssa 10:30 PM - Meia Noite & The Midnight Drums at Luna Park 665 N Robertson Blvd - W. H. (310) 652-0611

OCTOBER 1 SUNDAY 4:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Club Cohiba (310) 437-7700 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill

Agora Brasil - Every Saturday, 3:00 PM - 4:00 PM, KPFA, 94.0 FM with Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho - Every Wednesday, 9:30 PM, KZSC, 88.1 FM with Renato Frota Canta, Brasil - Every Sunday, 6-00 PM - 8.00 PM KKUP, 91.5 FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman Programa de Domingo Every Sunday, 1:00 PM 2.00 PM, KSQQ 96.1 FM with Lino Bugatti A Taste of Brazil - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM - 11:00 PM, KKSF, 103.7 with Dick Conte Tropicalia Brasiliana - Every Friday, 8:00 PM - 9:00 PM, KUSF, 90.3 with Raimundo Franco

51

Boston Area Books Livraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809 Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000 Dentist Sylvio P. Lessa (617) 924-1882 Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cachaca (617) 666-5410 Instruction Braz. & Amer. Lg. Inst.

(617) 787-7716 Music Brazil CDs (617) 524-5030 Publications The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651 Restaurants Cafe Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropicana (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613

Chicago Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244 Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683

Los Angeles Accountant Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436 Airlines Val-4 (800) GO VARIG Vasp (310) 364-0160 Arts & Crafts Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebi Designs (310) 391-6530 Auto Repair Cosmo Auto Parts (213) 259-9818 Banks Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996 Catering Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Remi Vila Real (818) 280-0061 Clothes Samba (310) 983-9190 Summer Brazil (310) 455-1772 Clubs & Associations Brazil-Cal. Chbr of Com. (310) 202-6820 52

Centro Cultural Gaucho (213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif.

(714) 857-6764 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 SambaLa -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190 Computer Henriques - Maintenance (818) 767-5153 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664 Dentists Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polido (714) 848-9200 Events Promotion Brazilian Nites Prod.

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53

An excerpt At the end of 1941, Berent Friele, the CIAA man in Brazil, received a letter from Brazil's agricultural director for the Amazon. It was a rapturous description of the immense riches of the Amazon: petroleum at the sources of the Juruci; rubber at the head of the Madeira river, north of Mato Grosso; gold in the bowels of the formation of our Amazon archaean...as well as in the virgin lands of Rondonia,. fibers for coarse textiles, from the archaean to the quartenary lands of the Amazon valley; meat ofevery sort to be obtained from the transformation of the forests of the low Amazon into ever green pastures; coal in the Pennsylvanian canals of the Amazon Basin; aluminum, in the form ofan island, facing Maranhao; vegetable oils, fish, entomotoxic plants throughout the whole region everything that can represent the wealth of an immense empire is kept intact waitingfor the elements of man and capital in order to be transformed in utilities for civilization which today clamors desperately for American action.

Not that Nelson [Rockefeller] needed to be seduced. The vast Amazonian region had caught Nelson's attention in 1940.

With Japanese armies overrunning the rubber plantations of French Indochina and British -Malaya, Brazil's president Getulio Vargas saw an opportunity to earn badly needed foreign exchange by reviving rubber production in the wild rubber forest of the Amazon. By the time he paid a personal visit to the Amazon in October, however, his vision for Amazonian development extended far beyond rubber.

"I did not come to the Amazon region as a tourist who finds here so many reasons to be dazzled and overcome," he told an audience in Porto Velho, rubber capital of the Madeira River Valley. "I came with the purpose of learning the practical possibilities ofTutting into execution a plan forthe systematic exploitation of the riches of the great valley and its development."

Vargas's plan consisted of two parts — sanitation and colonization — and he promised free land and farm tools to the homesteaders he had transported from Brazil's impoverished Northeast.

But his most surprising announcement was that he planned to "intensify industrial exploitation" of the Amazon by American corporations. "To that end there are already arriving at the government's invitation North American industrialists interested in collaborating with us in developing the Amazon region, where their capital and technical resources find a continuing profitable application."

This was a new turn for a leader who had been considered a fascist sympathizer.

Vargas had come to power in 1930 with an aura of intense nationalism, leading an army of gauchos from the south and enjoying the support of Brazilian Germans and disgruntled homesteaders who had been squeezed out of the Sao Paulo-led export-oriented economy by the world depression.

Once in office, President Vargas initiated a series of drastic measures that not only restored Brazil's economy, but en-

54

hanced Germany's participation in its growth. After 1934, Hitler made Brazil Germany's leading trade partner in South America.

Germany, which replaced the United States as Brazil's top source of foreign trade, was not alone. In 1934, Mussolini sent the longest and largest flight of Military planes in history to Rio de Janeiro to flutter the hearts of the Brazilian military.

This performance was outdone in 1938 by a greater display of machismo affection: he launched his son, Bruno, fresh from aerial heroics over defenseless Ethiopian villages, on a trans-Atlantic flight. When Bruno at last descended on an anxious Rio, he donated his plane to Vargas's -New State," triggering a delirium of enthusiasm.

Vargas's romance with the Axis powers suddenly turned sour when the fascist

Thy Will Be Done - The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil by Gerald Colby with Charlotte Dennet, Harper Collins Publishers, 960 pp., $35.

41111Aplt? tlittiDIE IDE

The Amazon and its development became tile purber one _pm" or Nelson Rocket I er whi. he h ard.t at litrazi tan resi ent Gety argas was serious a pm dev_eloping that region. The mollev marl, however, didn't court on one smalldetail'

Integralista party tried an insurrection in 1938. If this attempted coup was splash of cold reality, American dollars soon provided the fount of warmer relations, with the development of the Amazon high on Viargas's list of priorities.

'Up to that .point, the only significant American investment in the Amazon was Ford Motor Company's failed Fordlandia rubber plantation, covering 7,943 square miles along the east bank of the Tapajds River, a tributary to the Amazon River in the northern state of Para. The terrain was too steep to allow easy operations, and the local soil was deemed unreceptive to the Hevea brasiliensis rubber tree. In fact, the clearing of the rain forest had removed the plant and animal diversity that had allowed most rubber trees to survive attacks by insects and disease, particularly dothidellavlei, commonly known as South American leaf blight. Overconcentrations of rubber trees made them too vulnerable to survive in the Amazon. After his first plantation was almost destroyed, a second 800,000 acre tract was carved out of the jungle ninety miles downriver at Belterra, but Ford could not find enough men who were willing to work for low wages. The only labor sources were Indians and descendants of runaway African slaves who had intermarried with the Indians. Although they were good workers, a US Embassy report in 1938 reviewed by the CIAA noted that "life is sustained at their jungle homes with so little effort that employment for wages is not attractive." The blight struck again, and Ford had all but abandoned the plantations when World War II created rubber shortages, convincing him to hold on, claiming patriotic reasons, not the hope of recovering the $9 million he had already invested in the Amazon venture.

At first, Rockefeller showed little interest in either the Amazon or the rubber crisis, even after Japanese invasions and U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping disrupted rubber supplies to the United States.

He left the matter to Agriculture Secretary Henry Wallace, who got a $500,000 appropriation to send rubber technicians to Latin America. But when CIAA aide Earl Parker Hanson brought news that Vargas was seriously proceeding with his Amazon development plan, Nelson suddenly made rubber — and development of the whole Amazon valley — a priority. He adopted Hanson's suggestion that Berent Friele should "ask his Brazilian friends if they want a major survey.. .Get together a hell of a big party or even organize a corporation, jointly with Brazil immediately."

Friele was the perfect man to present the Amazon development program to the Brazilians. He had been president of the Brazilian-American Association of New York and, not coincidentally, of the American Coffee Corporation as well. He represented the largest American company engaged in the largest American trade with South America's largest country.

Nelson wrote a four-page memorandum in September 1941 for Friele to circulate in Brazil, offering to cooperate "in the development of the Amazon along the lines suggested by the Brazilian Government" and proposing a survey of the Ama-

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

ion basin's resources and problems. Friele passed it on to the US Embassy for review and held his breath.

The response from Ambassador Jefferson Caffery, one of the State Department's top troubleshooters in Latin America, was wary: Survey findings would, indirectly at least, be critical of many existing conditions in the Amazon, and recommendations as to solutions of existing problems would, in many cases, inevitably arouse the antagonism of established interests and officialdom. The survey, if undertaken, should therefore be handled as a joint prOject, and should have as a prerequisite the full backing of the Brazilian Government.

Amazon rubber production would indeed require cross-border operations. A young American botanist at Harvard's Peabody Museum, Dr. Richard Evans Schultes, had recently toured Mexico (including Chiapas) for the Rockefeller Foundation's Agricultural Survey and was already at work gathering seven tons of rubber seeds in the tropical Putumayo and Vaupes regions of southern Colombia â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and passing on intelligence on the political sympathies of his Colombian colleagues. This was not out of character for the American war effort. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Nelson authorized the Department of Agriculture's request for a special $100,000 allocation to employ spies for the strategic-materials stockpile program to obtain military and naval intelligence.

The authorization of spying was precisely what the Vargas government feared.

Since the CIAA had assisted in removing German influence from Brazil's airlines, its intelligence-gathering and propaganda capacities were no secret the Brazilian people were also bitter about the British smuggling rubber seeds out of Brazil at the turn of the century to cultivate plantations in British colonies in the Far East.

These actions spelled Waterloo for the wild Brazilian species, triggering an economic decline in the Amazon.

Brazil therefore tried to confine Rockefeller's activities to supplying technicians who would be under Brazilian control. Nelson, however, was not easily deterred. He saw rubber as merely the opening wedge into the Amazon.

Nelson had no such intentions. Joint sponsorships, yes; joint control, never.

Besides Nelson had submitted his proposal to Brazilian Finance Minister Arthur de Souza Costa and President Vargas and had gotten their approval. The Rio newspapers were already full of approving editorials and headlines.

Nelson sincerely favored joint ventures. He and Ambassador-to-Mexico Josephus Daniels had convinced President Roosevelt that more was to be gained against the Axis powers by actually helping Latin American governments to develop their resources than by insisting only on reciprocal trade agreements.

Therefore, a series of agreements were struck. The first rubber agreement with Brazil in October 1940 pledged to assist The Amazon Plan the long-term development of Brazil' s rubber industry. In return, Brazil cut off rubOn Christmas Day, 1942, the jungle ber sales to the Axis powers and reserved seemed a long way off as Nelson watched rubber for the United States, with the US his children frolicking around the ChristRubber Reserve Corporation acting as the mas tree. But the Amazon suddenly burst purchasing agent for Firestone and into his thoughts when he tore open th Goodyear. The rubber pact was then ex- wrappings of a small gift from Beren panded into a broader agreement on stra- Friele, the CIAA' s man in Brazil. It was tegic materials in May 1941. According to copy of Journey to Manaus, CIAA aid that agreement, Brazil provided iron ore Earl Parker Hanson's account of hi and other strategic minerals in return for 1931-1932 trip to the Amazon. Hanson more than $20 million in financing for its believed that "the settling of South Volta Redonda steel project, funds that America's interior would give another private American steel companies had re- breathing spell to our civilized world. .1 fused to provide. find myself confronted at every turn by Nelson pursued this dual policy of the romantic argument that the conquest protecting American corporate markets and of South America's wilderness would do encouraging the diversification of Latin for the Western hemisphere what the conAmerican economies through 1941. But quest of the West did for the United States after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Wash- at a critical time." ington began to view economic developFriele knew Nelson would want to ment as either a luxury it could no longer have this book. He had been alerted to it afford or one that had to be subsumed by Morris L. Cooke, who was now in Rio heading the US Industrial Mission to Braunder American war priorities.

Brazilians now began to worry that zil. Cooke had proposed that a giant series rubber and inter-American solidarity might of locks and canals could link the oil fields be used as a wedge to open their Amazon of Venezuela's Orinoco with the Amazon basin without having to brave the German territories to American control.

Brazil also was concerned that the submarine wolf packs off the Atlantic involvement of other Amazon basin coun- Coast. The project was discussed during tries whose governments were less strong Nelson's recent visit to Rio to sign a and more susceptible to US pressures might health-and-sanitation agreement with the result in either US control or territorial Brazilian government. Nelson had immeclaims by these governments on the Bra- diately grasped the enormous economic , zilian Amazon. Peru and Ecuador were at implications and embraced the idea as a ' the time engaged in just such a border CIAA project.

"You may well have inspired Nelson dispute over Amazonian lands that were believed (correctly, it turned out) to con- with the shining dream of regional develtain oil deposits. opment," Friele wrote Cooke.

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Nelson's "shining dream" had, in fact, been percolating for well over a year since Hanson had warned him that Vargas was making his own plans for the Amazon.

Vargas, for his part, had been thrown into a quandary as soon as Nelson's proposals for an Amazon survey had begun to circulate in the fall of 1941.

On the one hand, Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha had urged Vargas to allow the Americans to develop the Amazon. On the other hand, Finance Minister Souza Costa had urged caution and the principle of Brazilian control. Vargas decided to send Souza Costa to Washington into the bear's den.

Nelson summoned all the forces at his command before this meeting with Souza Costa. He then had a formal resolution hurriedly drawn up for members of his Policy Committee, allocating $200,000 for a "comprehensive survey study of the Amazon basin, the survey to be used as a basis for carrying out specific cooperative projects." Rockefeller wanted to send down survey teams of experts in agriculture, tropical settlement, tropical disease, transportation, nutrition, and labor, as well as economists to study the "present status of land ownership in various states of the Amazon basin," all "under the guidance of an outstanding qualified administrator."

Nelson had already decided who that special someone would be: J. C. King. King was vice president of Johnson & Johnson, in charge of operations in Brazil and Argentina. He had a reputation among businessmen in both countries as a man who could get difficult projects under way.

Most important for Rockefeller's purposes, he also knew the Amazon, the source of most plants used in the preparation of medicines. His work had also placed him at the cutting edge of American penetration of the South American drug market and of Western medicine's advance into the jungle interior.

He appreciated that Brazilian sensitivities would require a Brazilian president of his Amazon Valley Corporation.

But that was all right; the real power would be in the hands of the managing director, King. True to his West Point training, King would also be loyal to his superior, namely, Nelson Rockefeller. "Nelson doesn't expect you to be a yes-man," one CIAA aide explained, "but he does expect you to be a Rockefeller man â&#x20AC;&#x201D; first, last, and always."

Everything was in place as Nelson set up the first of his lunch meetings with the visiting Brazilians. All the CIAA's rubber technicians were ready to go. King was waiting only for his appointment to be formalized, Snd he would begin his survey. Texas Congressmen Dick Kleberg and Sam Rayburn were also on board, thanks to Nelson's backslapping and Friele's "confidential" report to the Texans on the potentially explosive "Brazilian Political Situation" of an alleged 250,000 German and Japanese in the Amazon area. Rockefeller had also recruited high-level talent from the Department of Agriculture and other agencies.

Backed by some of the most powerful men in the US government, Nelson tried to impress upon Souza Costa that "comprehensive development had to be under

the direction of American experts." He walked out of the conference convinced that his charm and power had won the day. He was wrong. Nelson had failed to line up the most important people of all: the Brazilians.

Souza Costa bought time by suggesting that the Americans put their proposal in writing. The CIAA drew up the proposal, got the approval of the other agencies, and set up another meeting. This time Souza Costa was ready. Nelson submitted a proposal for a joint $1 million Amazon Development Corporation to administer $5 million in loans from the Federal Loan Agency There were three hitches: (1) the United States would name the managing director, (2) Brazil would have to establish and maintain a quota for the internal consumption of rubber, and (3) all the surplus would go to the United States.

The Brazilian representatives, although willing to try to get Vargas's assent to the last two conditions, had no authority to agree to them. But they immediately took exception to losing control over the development of most of their own country.

Nelson dug in. He insisted that "we should be entitled to name the managing Director in a true charge of operation," since "by far the greater part of the funds of the corporation would be advanced by us." Besides, the Brazilians had allowed a "past history of decline in Amazon rubber production," and the war created an "urgency compelling us to take no chances of its repetition." He agreed only to "give the aspect of control further consideration."

Nelson believed that he held the trump card: $100 million in US credits already offered to Brazil. Cotton magnate Will Clayton, now deputy administrator of the Federal Loan Agency, proposed that Nelson simply set up the Amazon Valley Corporation himself and use $5 million that could be advanced from the Rubber Reserve Corporation. It was a classic case of American big-businessmen thinking money could buy anything.

But to patriotic Brazilians in the Vargas government, Brazil's Amazon — seen then as Brazil's future — was not for sale. Nelson had lost their trust. As long as Vargas was in power, it would never be completely regained.

State Department Undersecretary Sumner Welles took matters into his own hands. Although Nelson looked upon Welles as a mentor, the undersecretary was not prepared to sacrifice Brazilian cooperation to Nelson's personal agenda for the Amazon. He ignored Rockefeller's and Clayton's proposals, conducted his own negotiations, and concluded an agreement with Souza Costa on March 3 that scrapped the idea of the Amazon Valley Corporation and gave the funding and carrying out of the rubber project to the Rubber Reserve Corporation. This left the approval of all Amazon projects in the hands of the Brazilians.

In his heart, Nelson never accepted the State Department's edict about the Amazon. But when it came to policy, Roosevelt had already made it clear that the State Department had the last word.

"Look, Nelson," the smiling president said from behind his big desk, "I know that you're in a difficult situation in regard to State...But understand this— it is up to you to get along with them because if it ever comes to a showdown between your office and State, I will have no choice but to back the Department and Mr. Welles."

Nelson consulted with Welles. He wanted to use his $200,000 allocation for the Amazon survey. But his ambition had already poisoned the well. Welles did not see any need for the survey. If tropical products needed to be developed, the new Rubber Development Corporation should easily be able to carry out the task with its $100 million. Asked by Welles to specify what tropical products were so important' to require King's survey, Nelson agreed to send him a list. He never did.

Time was running out. Friele and King decided to go ahead with the survey Rockefeller wanted. King left immediately for Brazil.

The Valley of Death J. C. King was excited at the prospect of boarding a riverboat in Belem, Brazil's major port on the Amazon. From here he would plunge into the interior, traveling more than 4,000 miles, surveying the people and resources as part of his month-long secret mission. Both he and Nelson knew that the Amazonian rain forest held many more secrets beneath its dense undergrowth than the locations of the ubiquitous rubber plant.

But he had barely stepped on board when he became uneasy. "I examined [the] crew of [the] ship," he wrote Friele. "Out of 35, 24 admitted to syphilis, 22 have, or had, gonorrhea. Only 4 disclaimed either. Every boy waiting on passengers' table was syphilitic. Crew had 522 children; 20 dead. It was a ship of death, taking souls into a Green Hell.

As he cruised deeper into the jungle, he passed whole towns that seemed to be dying. At ports where the boat stopped to pick up fuel and passengers, he confirmed his worst suspicions: The rampant disease he had found aboard was only token of the horror on shore.

None of the villagers had received any medical aid. Nurses and doctors were unheard of, and medicine was nonexistent, "although several people offered to pay for anything I could supply. Besides malaria (and possible typhoid), people complained of liver, kidneys, intestines, young women of irregular periods or complete stoppage with accompanying symptoms. "...There is some rubber in the district, prices are high," he reported, "but there is a feeling of hopelessness and abandonment, for what good is money if they keep on dying...No new people have come in years for who would care to live in a village of despair and death."

What made the suffering of the Amazon Valley all the more tragic was its chronic nature. Like so many travelers before him, King was familiar with the Amazon's tormented past. In his report to Nelson, he summarized it in the terse economic terms a Rockefeller could understand: Before the conquest, two million Indi-

ans in 500 thriving villages lived between the moribund town of Guripa, on the Zingu (Xingu) and Sao Loui de Maranhao. A century later, the sword and the white man's disease had reduced their numbers to 800 fighting men After 400 years of civilized rule, the population is less than when Orellana crossed the Andes from Peru, in 1540, to descend the entire length of the Amazon. A well-balanced economy was destroyed. Today a large part of the food consumed is imported.. .The economic history of Brazil is a mirror of its racial origin...Her record of internal migration is a record of pursuit of immediate wealth, from the sugar of Pernambuco to the gold of Minas (Gerais), to the cotton of the northeast, to the rubber of the Amazon.

The situation did not improve when King boarded the J. P. Morgan-financed railroad at Porto Velho. Thousands of people had died building this railroad for rubber barons. At first, they were veterans from the Panama Canal, confident as they again pounded rails into ties between tropical hills. However, the night became a singing nightmare of millions of hungry mosquitoes. When these men were dead, their place in the Amazon sun was taken by sons of southern Germany and Italy, peasants dispossessed of their lands and hopeful of a new start in the New World.

They found only an old one of exploitation and a final reward among rows of lonely crosses.

"Morgan's Folly," as it came to be called, slowly, mercilessly, bored its way through rivers and valleys, turning each hill it passed into a cemetery. Civilization had at last arrived, a Prometheus bound by iron pounded into wood at the cost, so legend said, of a human life for every tie.

King headed west into Acre, where the rubber forests were richer. Over and over, his notes were the same: Of seringueiros [rubber collectors] moved in last year to Abuna region, 10% had died, 20% were non productive because of illness. This was normal. ...Seven families: Child mortality: 15 living, 5 dead; one girl under 21, 5 children, 2 dead. Now pregnant. ...Four families: Child mortality: 11 living, 9 dead. Was asked by father to help lovely one year old girl, dying. ...Nova Vida, 67 children alive, 53 dead...Leprosy is said to be spreading on the Purus.

And what of the working conditions themselves?

The seringueiro is expected to work twelve hours daily from May until December, six days a week He is exposed to the dangers of poisonous snakes, poisonous insects, poisonous worms, poisonous water, wild animals — sometimes wild Indians — and worst of all, to the deadly fevers. His only protection is his knowl.edge of the jungle, the quickness of his eye and hand, and the use of his knife and gun.

There is no doctor — he is simply in the hands of God. For food and supplies he may pay double — triple — eight times the prevailing market ofthe big cities. For his rubber he gets a half to a fifth of the same

NEWS from BRAZIL-JUNE 1995

market. And when his day's work is ended he returns to his barraca, set on stilts with its porch, the bedroom and kitchen. He goes to the nearby stream or river to bathe — careful of the alligators, water snakes, man-eating fish and electric eels. If he has been so fortunate as to kill a wild animal on the trail that day he will have meat for supper... Many a time he has left at dawn, his breakfast a cup of black coffee and farinha, his knapsack empty of •food. !Usually he has a bottle of one of the vilest and most powerful of all drinks — cachaca — his week-end companion and solace. His main fruit is the banana, sometimes an orange, seldom a lemon. Lemons are common, but he is convinced that they weaken his sexual powers, and it is for sex that he lives...

The life of the seringueiro is the life of the far frontier; removed from all legal and moral restraint, a life of struggle and violence — a twentieth century replica of our old Wild West.

not hide King's Euro-American ethnocentrism, and it was not surprising that the State Department, duly warned by Ambassador Jefferson Caffery, would worry that such plans hatched out of the Rockefeller office might trigger an adverse Brazilian reaction that could jeopardize its cooperation in the war effort, including the rubber-procurement programs.

Caffery's experience in Latin America was appreciated. As ambassador to Colombia, he helped Gulf Oil secure the giant Banco concession; in El Salvador, he had prevented the dictator from drawing in US troops during the Pipil Indian insurrection of 1932. His voice was listened to in Washington, and now he was drawing the line in the Brazilian sand against Nelson Rockefeller's plans for the Amazon.

By the time King returned to the Unite States, Washington was buzzing with an•L ticipation of a coming battle. Ambassador Caffery had alerted Secretary of State Cordell Hull that Rockefeller might try to resurrect his Amazon Development Corporation despite the Brazilia government's objections.

If that were ever to change, "the love of land, so necessary to build an agricultural economy, the backbone of any nation," had to be developed. In his report to Rockefeller, King outlined his scheme: "At the same time every effort is made to During his month in the Amazonia increase the extraction of wild rubber, the interior, King's thinking had venture ground work should be laid for small ex- beyond the health conditions of prospec perimental stations in three or four key tive rubber workers. He also made contac spots, there to serve as a foundation of a with Brazilian businessmen and govern vast post-war program for expansion and ment officials. Years later, when King, b colonization. These stations would serve then the CIA's Chief of Clandestine Ser equally for experiments with all tropical vices for the Western Hemisphere, corn products supplemental to the manded CIA covert operation economy of the United States in Latin America, he created pre of America. .econorpic cisely such networks, so casuistont or Despite all the horror he ally obtained in pursuit of seemTIrazii.a had witnessed, King emerged mirror.° its ingly liberal goals. .racia from the Amazon with King appreciated that "Proborigin.. tier dreams of a sweeping devellem No. 1 is manpower." And retard at opment that rivaled, indeed . internal the number-one manpower quesmigration is a surpassed, the settling of the tion was whether the Amazorecona of American West.

UrSUcit oiot. nian Indians would be used. i me e To get some idea, King viseann tram The Amazon basin, with e ited the director of Indian affairs or rnam uco its 2,772,000 sq. miles of for the state of Para. The directo tIN.ryo a of almost unpopulated and untor worked for the renowned a developed land, offers our Service for the Protection of the iinLootItiee greatest challenge and hope.

Indian (SPI), whose founder, (2irt Capable of supporting a huner !ATM oci General Candido Rondon, opere Amazon dred million people, a vast ated on the pacifist principle new outlet for industrial "Die if it be necessary, but kill America, a giant reservoir of never." raw materials to the tropics, the Amazon Having just set up new posts in the stands today, the white mans greatest fail- Xingu and Tapaj6s river valleys, the diure.... rector of Indian affairs in Para was anxNo plan for the development of the ious that Americans not undo all he had Amazon Valley, however sound in theory, begun. The Indians of these valleys were can be successful unless provision is made nomadic and elusive and would attack, he for an infusion of new blood by selected told King. "The hostile attitude is justiimmigration on a major scale, from imfied," King reported to Rockefeller, "bepoverished Europe, under the direction of cause of ill-treatment from whites. On the honest, intelligent, public-spirited men, river Araguaya [Araguaia], twelve Indifree from selfishness, corruption, indif- ans were killed brutally eight years ago. ference and cruelty to man.

They recently killed twelve whites. ReWe, the United States, are facing one prisals are certain." of the great opportunities of history — an "Before the Indian can be civilized the opportunity of changing the balance of white settler must be. The present white good and evil — by building a vital force habits of drink and transmission of vene— created from the energy, industry and real disease is serious." genius of oppressed millions, whose love The SPI director saw "no possibility of freedom and strength of spirit will urge of permanent white colonization until furthem to seek new horizons. ther [health and sanitation] protection is All the lofty ideals in this vision could afforded [the] seringueiro,', King wrote.

The Indian question

ke

Fi

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

"Predict new colonists.. .will not become permanent settlers until government action is taken."

King's report came at a time when the Amazonian Indian had become a sensitive issue for Nelson Rockefeller. In March, the CIAA had received a telephone call from Charles Collier, John Collier's son and the secretary of the National Indian Institute, inquiring about the status of the Indian in the Amazon region.

Because of past CIAA-BIA collaboration, Charles Collier's inquiry was totally proper. Rockefeller's CIM had funded the BlA's 1941-1942 survey of Indian programs in Latin America done by Ernest Maes. Maes reported extensively on relations between Venezuela's Carib Indians and the Orinoco oil operations ofNelson's Creole Petroleum, on Indian agricultural production in Colombia, and on the mobilization of Indians in Ecuador for the border war with Peru. Maes's reports also inspired Nelson to fund a visit" by nine Latin American Indian administrators to the United States, where they were given a tour of BIA reservations with special emphasis on John Collier's reforms.

But when it came to Maes's proposals for improving Indian diets, Nelson flatly refused. All John Collier's arguments about improved wages and better nutritional standards increasing markets for US and Latin American products may have had some interest for Nelson before Pearl Harbor.

After war was declared, however, Nelson tried to stay in line with Washington's preoccupation with immediate military goals. If he made an exception, it was to pursue his own goals or the White House's, not the postwar political goals of New Deal Democrats like Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes or John Collier.

The elder Collier had tried unsuccessfully to appeal directly to Nelson's worries over Nazi propaganda among the Indians.

Then Ickes tried, fitting his beliefs within the War Department's myopia: "In many Latin American countries, the long range hopes for democracy lie in the Indian population...[which is] more than 28% of the entire population of Latin America.

It is 80% in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; 75% in Guatemala; more than 50% in Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and El Salvador; 44% in Paraguay."

The appeal failed, and would continue to be rejected until President Roosevelt intervened.

Charles Collier was aware of Rockefeller's lack of interest when he called to ask what was being done to protect the Amazonian Indians from the revival of the rubber business. Collier received a typical bureaucratic run-around, but, wise to the ways of Washington, would not be put off.

He had learned from the Department of Agriculture that there had been no discussion of the status and conditions of the Indians. He asked whether that was true.

It was. Confirmation that Rockefeller was planning to use Indians merely as rubber gatherers deeply disturbed Collier. The last time Amazonian Indians had been used as labor for rubber gathering, they had been enslaved and killed.

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