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Translation Experts USA P.O. Box 18035 • Denver, CO 80218-0035 (303) 329-8716 ' fax (303) 377-8220 (e-mail) transusa@usa.net NEWS from BRAZIL-JULY 1995
Few Brazilians believed it could happen, the immense majority even recently was against it, but when Congress voted to end the oil monopoly by Petrobras the whole country seemed to give a collective sigh of relief. Born 42 years ago as an answer to the Brazilian urgency of being self sufficient in oil, the giant state company not only did not deliver on its promises as became a state inside the state devouring its own creator. That's why there were people
again on the streets shouting the same words that marked the origin of Petrobras: "0 petroleo d nosso" ("The oil is ours"). So that wouldn't be any misunderstanding, this time they were adding, "Not from Petrobras." The oil monopoly break is just one more proof that Brazil is another Brazil, when it commemorates the first anniversary of the introduction of the real, a strong currency indeed. Five years ago it was a taboo to talk about privatization of steel mills, for example. Today, auctions are taking place without the noisy protests that marked the same sales at the
8
CONTENTS
Cover
beginning of the program. Gone is the rhetoric that Brazil is going to lose its sovereignty. The congress vote on Petrobras per se, and a little earlier on the end of the communications' monopoly by the state, doesn't mean that much. It may take years before Brazilians will be able to feel in their pockets the effects of these changes. There's nothing magic here. But the symbolism of it all is too important to be ignored. It shows a Brazil finally eager to do business the capitalistic way and ready to open its doors to the rest of the world. R.M.
25
Oil monopoly - the beginning of the end
Review Telles Ribeiro's latest
16
29
Rio & Sao Paulo: the mayors' story
Short story
One by Machado de Assis (bilingual)
18 Borrowing from English
19 Not those high interests!
21 Saving the Amazon and their people
22 Our music on the information highway
24 Arnobio, the Minas star
Cover by Aylan Francesco
35
DEPARTMENTS
Paulo Coelho, the best-seller wizard
6 Rapidinhas 14 Letters 45 Brazilian Notas 46 The Cultural Pulse 47 Por ai 49 Classifieds 50 U.S.A. Calendar 52 That's Brazilian
40 Travel
Bahia tale - Chapter 1
42 A new biting reggae
54 Bogs The Saramago magic TIME TO RENEW?
NEVAmmBRINZIE
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Publisher and Editor: Rodney Mello /Associate Editor; Carlos Ravelo /Editorial Assistant:Graciela Castellanos /Entertainment Editors: Sam & Harriet Robbins /Book Review: Bondo Wyszpolski /Representatives: MIAMI: Tania Mahon (305)253-4201 - NEW YORK:C.A.T.S. Custom Advertising and Tour Services (718) 746-0169 -SAN FRANCISCO: Felipe Magalhaes (415) 648-5966 -Founder: Gilberto Ferreira NEWS from BRAZIL is published monthly by News from Brazil- 2039 N. Ave. 52, Los Angeles, CA, 90042-1024. Application to mail at secondclass postage rate is pending at Los Angeles, CA. Single copy sold for $2. One year subscription for 12 issues is $3 (three dollars) in the U.S., $15 in Canada and Mexico, and $18 (surface mail) in all other countries. Allow 5 to 7 weeks to receive your first issue. You may quote from or reprint any of the contents with proper copyright credit. Editorial submissions are welcome. Include a SASE (self addressed and stamped envelope), if you want your material mailed back.News from Brazi/assumes no responsibility for any claims made by its advertisers.
POSTMASTER: Please, send address changes to News NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
from Brazil - P.O. Box 42536 - Los Angeles, CA - 90050-0536 5
Innocence lost
The dollar is starting to get a little more respect from the real, the new Braziliaii currency, which according to experts has been overvalued by at least 25%, Since the end of June' Brazil's Central Bank decided to let the dollar value fluctuate between 9 and 99 centavos. Even though expected for some time now, the move came as a surprise. Exporters are looking forward to getting more. And the government is in desperate need of a foreign cash infusion to counterbalance its mounting trade deficit. From January to May, Brazil accumulated a deficit of $3.45 billion. Since March, the greenback has been allowed to fluctuate only between 88 and 93 centavos Maria Oliveira Barros, better known as Maria Boa (Foxy Mary), is now 74 years old, and for 50 of them has been a famous Madam. In the 40's the presence of American GIs in the Maria Boa Cabaret made her whorehouse the most lively of them all in Natal (capital of Rio Grande do Norte). The business was still going strong with 40 girls a few months ago, when Maria Boa put the cathouse up for sale. She was supposed to get half a million dollars for the prime piece of real estate on which her
6
After resisting insistent calls from 13raiilian Hathov to pose in the nude and from ad agencies to at least model some lingerie. Pauli sta (from Silo Paulo) Mylla Christie, 24. decided to participate in some of the most racy sexual scenes Brazilian 'IN has eVer show n. Mylloca. as her friends call her. has started her career on TV hosting the oh- so - hol esome ( c/a Crianca Kid' s Club). Married to a gynecologist 20 years her senior. Myna is still Mg to calm her parents, who were veil' much against the idea of their daughter baring it all on the small screen. The scenes — which had all Brazil talking about and salivating over — took place on Engracadinha...seas amores e seas pecados (The little catie...her loves and her sins), a (ilobo TV miniseries based on the late controversial playw right Nelson Rodrigues. Mylla's total exposure catapulted her to stardom. Overnight she went from a virtual unknow n to instant stardom on the streets. In Engracadinha, she plays Silene. the teenage daughter oldie play's heroine. Among other sexual exploits, she loses her virginity to her boyfriend, fakes a multiple rape, and begs to be spanked. The offers from TV and modeling agencies have been pouring in. The actress confesses, however, that what she would like most is to work on stage. Histor
Gay Zumbi? Five years ago anthropologist Luiz Mott wrote that Zumbi, a hero of the black movement in Brazil, was gay and nobody said a word. He repeated the statement recently, provoking invectives, threats, and the vandalism of his home and car. The story comes from Bahia, a land famous for her composers and live-andlet-live philosophy. This year Brazil is preparing to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the death of the Quilombo dos Palma res leader. Palmares was a community of runaway black slaves who organized themselves inside the jungle.
Opportunist Mott, who is the President of Salvador's Grupo Gay, says that he has ample proof of the sexual preferences of Zumbi, among them: 1) His nickname was "sueca" (Swede lady); 2) he was from Jagas de Angola, an ethnic group in which homosexuality was common; 3) as leader he had the right to be polygamous, but there isn't any mention of women in his life; 4) Zumbi was found dead, castrated with the penis inside his mouth. Many other gays have been killed in this manner in Alagoas, where the black leader lived.
Tdello was located. But e may end up with much less. Five of her ex,.employees went to court looking for compensation totaling $100,000. They are asking for vacations they never had and night-shift additional. Paulo Saraiva, lawyer for the litigants, says his case is a piece of cake. "Eighty percent of Natal's male population can testify as to the girls' rofession," he guarantees. ix thousand" members of Igreja Assembleii dos njos (Assembly of Angels Church), a new sect in Belo Horizonte (capital of Minas Gerais), say they are ready to take up arms against, criminals in the city' 'streets. The church" pastor, Amantino Ribeirq Netto, 54, who prefers tt,i; be called "directorcommander-in-chief of the Army of Good," seems serious and has no lack of funds or fanatics. He is in the process of getting a license to open a private security company. Problem is, Netto has a thick police file, including accusations of battery, swindling, and an eight-year jail term for seducing of a minor.
NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Whoever says McDonald's and romantic eating don't go together hasn't been to the McDonald's in Ipanema. Every Tuesday night there is a crowd of young couples sharing hamburgers and fries on china plates and Coca-Colas by candlelight. To end the night, the unorthodox burger franchisee throws in a free bottle of champagne. The price for this extravagance? No more than you would pay for your Big Mac without the extras. Culture Minister Francisco Weffort has already decided what to do to increase the national cinema's piece of the total pie. He is reviving a law from the days of the dictatorship, forcing movie houses to show Brazilian films for a minimum number of days a year. The schedule will be 28 days. Rio's attorneys have already established a price list for assisting families involved in what has become a plague in Rio and So Paulo: kidnapping. To work as intermediaries, the lawyers are charging a minimum of $5,000 for starters, with $1,700 added for each day of negotiation. With this arrangement the tendency will be to prolong as long as possible conversations with the abductors. For those who have to come up with the money, thi amounts to double ransorn,
ommunications
Busynet Are Brazilians ever going to join the rest of the civilized world and get free access to the Internet? They were promised the key to cyber-space se eral times, and delivery has been always postpcned. First in January, then in May. Embratel, the Brazilian Telecommunications Company, is now promising open doors in September. The most optimistic forecasts, however, predict a maximum of 180,000 Brazilian being ab1e to reach out the Web and other Internet offering no sooner than the end of the year. Already in the country there are close o 1 million modems installed. But there is no • frastructure to speed up the process. Give more people the password and the electronic super highway will be clogged. While Brazilians wait in line to get on line, some publications are jumping the electronic gun. Jornal do Brasil, a daily from Rio, became the first to offer its electronic edition to Internet user. 0 Estado de Sao Paulo news service, Agenda Es ado is also on line. More modest, Rio's 0 Globo and Porto Alegre's Zero Nora, are electronically ublishing their computer section only. Jot down some addresses: Jornal do Brasil Online: http://www.ibase.br/—jb/index.html Jornal do Brasil E-mail: jb@ax.apc.org Agencia Estado: http://Viorldnews.netlestado/estadopub.html 0 Globo: http://www.embratel.netbr/--oglobo/index.ht Zero Hora Informatica: http://www.embratel.net.brlinfoserv/zerohor index/html Brazilian Playboy E-mail: playboy@embratel.net.br President of Brazil E-mail: pr@cr-dErnp.br Finance Minister E-mail: mfgab@cr-df.rnp.br
She has been called the Brazilian Jackie Kennedy thanks to her sophistication and elegance. Maria Tereza Goulart, 57, who was First Lady in the early 60s, is having a hard time paying the bills these days. Joilo Goulart, her husband, was rich, but theirs was not a community property marriage, The $11,000 that she receives from her late husband's pension ($700) and e leasing of properties haven't been enough to finance her extravagaht tastes and generosity with friends. Her condominium fees in the building she lives in Copacabana haven't been paid for 20 years. Three ears ago the other residents of .-$%.the building went to court to collect the money and are -expecting a decision from the Justice. Mrs. Goulart's lawyer recognizes his client cannot pay all her bills. The former First Lady herself sees everything in terms of personal persecution. "I have survived lunch worse," she says.
44
Rio is getting back its luster, and fast. The Brazilian Association of Travel Agents (ABAV) is expecting 920,000 foreign tourists in the so-called Cidade Maravilhosa (Marvelous City), this year. It's a record. The loot to be left behind? $200 million.
Fashion
Undressing Roberta It seems that in the creative and outragestirring department, lingerie maker Duloren and its ad agency VIS have no one to fear but themselves. After showing lingerie-clad women as religious sisters, kissing each other, and in sadomasochistic scenes. Duloren has dressed a transvestite in a very sexy and revealing outfit. The passport shown in the ad is authentic and it reads: Luiz Roberto Gambine Moreira. Sex: male. Moreira, who underwent a sex-change operation, but was forbidden by the Brazilian courts to change his name or sex on his documents, is better know n asRoberta Close. Actor Robert De Niro and movie director Francis Coppola. who recently went to Carnaval in Rio. are among some of those NNW have fallen under the spell of Roberta.
NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
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For decades, oil in Brazil has been a state monopoly and the vast majority of Brazilians believed this was the best arrangement in the best of worlds. Dramatic changes have occurred on this field in the last few weeks. The imminent fall of the petroleum monopoly in the country is just the beginning of a new Brazil where foreign and private capital will be invited to contribute to the growth of the 10th biggest economy in the planet. RODOLF0 ESPINOZA "0 petrOfro noxxo" ("The oil is ours-) was the battle cry vocalized by students and workers on the streets of Brazil during the 40's and 50's. Swept up in nationalistic fervor. they wanted and were able to prevent the government from opening the Brazilian subsoil to the private sector and. God forbid, to foreigners. On October 3. 1953. President Get':filo Vargas ended up creating Petroleo Brasileiro (Petrobrtis). a state monopoly in charge of exploring. developing, refining and distributing oil in the country. In recent weeks. -0 petroleo c nosso- has again been chanted and scribbled on banners in universities and factories. But this time all the furor is only the last hurrah of a campaign that has already lost its breath. unable to face the reality of a world economy and still In ing to prevent Congress from declaring the end of Petrobnis's monopoly. Even those in favor of breaking up the monopoly appropriated the -0 pemileo ĂŠ nosso- phrase. explaining that the oil belonged to the Brazilian people. and not to Petrobths itself. w hich has become a state within a state. Again in 1995. the aim of the demonstrators was to keep oil untouched by non-state hands. Resorting to a strike that almost brought the country to a standstill, however, the protesters gave the government and legislators their most potent argument for ending the monopoly . Strong-arm tactics were used even as the vote was introduced on the floor in the House of Deputies. A proPetrobnis group crashed through a glass door and invaded the galeria. the row of seats reserved for the public in the hall of Congress. Two weeks into the strike, several groups had made phy sical attacks against first-rank members of the administration. The bus transporting President Fernando Henrique Cardoso himself as he rode in Campina Grande. in the state of Paraiba. was 8
NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
pelted by stones. The president's press secretary Ana Tavares was struck during the attack. The House of Deputies' amendment ending the monopoly won by. a 364 to 141 margin. 56 Votes more than the 3/5 necessary for a constitutional revision, an impressive victory for the anti-monopoly crowd. A few months earlier, such a success seemed impossible. and only a few weeks before the vote was deemed improbable. The attendance of the legislators was impressive. Only five of the 513 law makers failed to show up for the vote. As striking as the victory was: however. it represents only the beginning of the struggle to dismantle Petrobras. The law must go through a second vote in the lower house and needs to be voted on twice in the Senate. The definitive opening of the Brazilian oil industry to private and foreign investment is still two years away. Fearful of losing votes during the last lap of the run. the President attacked on two fronts. First. he did what's traditional in Brazilian politics on such occasions: he promised second echelon posts to some of the representatives who were ambivalent about their allegiance. Second. Ile sent emissaries to the legislators with the purpose of explaining that the monopoly. wasn't really being broken since the Union would still be in possession of the subsoil wealth. President Fernando Henrique Cardoso didn't want any surprises at the last minute. much less desertions from his party as it faced threats from several lawmakers in the PSDB (Party of the Brazilian Social Democracy). The morning of the vote. Cardoso. who had made putting an end to several state monopolies a platform of his presidential campaign. released a document in which he promised to maintain Petrobras. He promised that the company. which is called Petrossauro—as in "dinosaur"—by some of its opponents. would maintain control of the oil wells already in production. "It's nonsense to imagine the privatization of a firm worth $100 billion.- stated Cardoso. Economist Paulo Rabello de Castro_ encouraged by the House vote, drew a colorful NEWS from BRAZIL -JULY 1995
parallel with a historic fact from 1888: "Sociologically this vote is as important as the abolition of slavery.JUST THE BEGINNING — The end of business-as-usual at Petrobras is only part of a large privatization project that contemplates total or partial sale of state monopolies in the fields of electricity. telecommunications, milling. and other areas where the hand of the state has been too heavy and ineffective. The day before the vote to open the oil industry. the legislators had passed another amendment privatizing the country's antiquated telephone system. The changes should drastically change the way Brazil. the world's 9th largest economy. conducts its global business. Petrobras is the 15th largest oil company in the world today. In Brazil. it is the number one business concern. producing 750.000 barrels of crude oil a day. Only Mexico and Venezuela can boast a bigger production in Latin America. The company's net profits in 1994 were $1.7 billion out of $13.7 billion in earnings. Petrobras directory' notes that profits increased 159% as compared with 1993. The privileges of Petrobras were too abundant and too ingrained, and it was clear from the beginning that the monopoly wouldn't go out without a fight. The union leaders. most of them linked to the PT (Workers' Party). the party which lost the presidency in the last election, decided to have a showdown with the government. What they didn't expect was that the population in general. and even their own relatives, would turn against them. The strikers also miscalculated how the stoppage would affect public opinion with respect to ending the Petrobras monopoly. According to a series of Vox Populi polls. the strike generated a lot of sympathy for the breakup. While in March the difference between those for and against breaking up the monopoly was one point — 39% in favor and 38% against — the gap increased to 23 points after the strike. Today. 47% of Brazilians are in favor of ending the state monopoly on oil as opposed to 24% against it. The strike by oil workers. compaied by some to war rationing. cut deepest into the skins of the poorest people. They were the ones who didn't have the option of a microwave oven or going out for lunch or dinner. They were the ones standing in mile-long lines trying to get a gas container for cooking. since gas at home is a luxury enjoyed by a small fraction of Brazilians, including 1.5 million in Sao Paulo and
600,000 in Rio. drilling platforms THE STRIKE CALENDAR It was a bitter defeat (4,000) have their for the unions linked to faces smeared with August 1, 1994 — Oil workers present Petrobras their revendications CUT (Unified Workers soot and must work for the 94/95 period, including a 105% raise in salaries. Federation) a very orhard after having enSeptember 20, 1994 — ..Negotiations stop. TST (Supreme Labor ganized and active force dured grueling adTribunal) intervenes and establishes a 13.74% salary readjustment for oil opposing the President. mission tests. workers. The movement's leadAt the end of the September '29, 1994 Oil workers begin strike. ers were at a loss as to strike even Antonio October 6, 1994 — Former President Itainar Franco meets in Juiz de what to do next, unable Carlos Spis, FUP's Fora (Minas Gerais state) with Vicente Paulo da Silva, the Vicentinho, to foresee the obstacles, president of CUT (Unified Workers Federation) and Antanio Carlos Spis, (Unified Oil Workpresident of FUP (Unified Oil Workers Federation). Oil worker's want a to act properly when ers' Federation) presalary readjustment varying between 12% and 18% depending on the they happened, or to sident, recognized wages. fhey drink draft beer at Brazil() restaurant and the President makes draw solidarity from how ill advised the some promises, but signs no document, with the argument, -Don't you other quarters. On the stoppage was. The trust the President's word?- The next day the strike ends. contrary, they alienated union leader, whose November 1904 — Mines and Energy Minister Delcidio Gomes meets most of the working parents came from with labor Minister Marcelo Pimentel to ratify the President's oral class, since Petrobras Austria, kept his cool agreement. Pimentel alleging tiredness leaves the room before signing workers were seen as a during the strike even anything. Soon after, he reneges on the agreement. Petrobras, employer of privileged lot, receiving though he wasn't the 50,000 oil workers, refuses to accept the terms of the accord. A new healthier salaries and strike begins on November 23. able to sleep more May 3 1995 — 85% of oil w orkers gq on strike. Again they want a raise, better benefits than the than four hours a day, but this time they are also protesting against the proposed constitutional common worker. but he still showed amendment to break up Petrobras's monopoly. Petrobras appeals to TST Even some strikers some contrition. (Supreme Labor Tribunal). went against their lead"Our mistake was to May 5 — Oil production falls 55% and natural gas, 35%. Petrobras ers. In a visit to a facallow that the whole imports $60 million in fuel. tory on strike, Congresssociety would be May 6 — Strikers and Petrobras meet. No agreement. man Jair Meneguelli, harmed by the lack May 7 — "[ST declares strike illegal and abusive. while trying to end the of gas." May 10 — Petrobras announces the firing of 23. Workers menace with stoppage, was helped by Although collective resignation. an employee who asked, May 11 — Antonio Carlos Spis, FUP's president, heads the list of fired Cardoso has a past as workers. Petrobnis announces a list of 34 more fired leaders. "Who's going to pay for a leading socialist May 15 — Workers appeal to the bishops. The response comes from this? Who has ordered scholar and activist, the President: There won't be any dialogue before they go back to work. this strike?" In the end, his standing on this May 16 Fuel imports reach $100 million. Petrobras menaces with the strikers had to do strike brought comthe hiring of substitutes. without one month's parisons to President May 17 — FUP asks reopening of discussions. salary, didn't get a cent Ronald Reagan who May 18 — Cardoso meets leaders of allied parties in search of a more in their next paycrushed an air traffic solution. Rio starts to feel the lack of fuel. checks, and received no controller strike on May 21 — Around 36,000 workers (from a total of 47,500) are back to promises beyond the one ork. August 1981, and that there would be talks May 24 — Army occupies four oil refineries prime-minister MarMay 26 — 1ST declares illegal the raise requested by strikers. as long as they went garet Thatcher, who May 28 — CUT (Unified Workers Federation) admits negotiations and back to work. in 1984 weathered a goes back on its idea of a general strike. The Brazilian media 51-week strike by May 30 — Petrobras's main negotiator with strikers die. seemed entirely on the 120,000 miners in June 1 — Strikers are only asking now that firings be canceled. side of the government. Great Britain. By a June 2 — MP recommends by fax that strikers drop. all of their The main argument strange coincidence, demands and go back to work. With the exception of Cubatilo all other cited in editorials and Cardoso had met the refineries accept the recommendation in assemblies. signed opinion articles Iron Lady in London was that Petrobras's just three weeks beworkers had no reason to strike at this time since fore the strike's beginning. their contract wouldn't end until September. The Aside from the middle man who charged desperate union leaders, however, insisted they were only consumers 1000% more on gas containers (25 lb. trying to force the government to make good on excontainers that normally cost $5 were being sold for as President hamar Franco 's verbal promise of raising much as $50 by some gougers in Sao Paulo), in the end salaries. apparently nobody profited from the longest strike in THE REAL CARDOSO —The typical Petrobras Petrobras's history. The workers had to give up their worker is 35 years old, toils nine years for the demands for a 28% raise. The government won a company, has a wife and two children, and makes political victory, demonstrating that it could stand up $1,000 a month. The bureaucratic side of the comto strikers, but at a very high economic cost. Fernando pany works in an air-conditioned modern building Henrique put on a show of force sending hundreds of in downtown Rio and receives 30% more for the sosoldiers, tanks, and military trucks and jeeps to occalled insalubrity additional in their salaries. Concupy four refineries is Sao Paulo and Parana states. trary to the necktie crowd, however, the blue-collar During the 31 days that the strike went on, the workers in the refineries (6,000 of them) and in the country had to spend an extra $500 million importing 10
NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
Cartoon & picture published by olha de Sao Paulo
oil and its by-products. The Oil Workers Union lion due to the work stoppage. "Some resellers will (Sindipetro) said that the workers saw a loss of $57 have to fire workers to cut expenses," said Siuffo. "At million on salaries alone. There is a slight discrepancy least they will give anticipated vacations to everyone there, with Petrobras's executives asserting that the of their employees." lost amount was $22.5. The difference has to do with THE PRIVATE DANCE —Brazilian history shows the headcount of strikers, depending on the side that that the country was never able to decide what would talks. While the company says that 15,000 workers sat be the best approach to exploring its natural wealth. on their hands, the union puts this number at 38,000. According to historian Mauricio Vaitsman in his book According to an InformEstado 0 Petroleo no Imperio e na Repablica (Oil During the Empire poll, the big losers after the strike and the Republic), Pedro II, were the population and the nation's PETROB RAS Brazil's emperor from 1831 to economy. Almost 66% of interv1889, allowed the national and iewees gave this response. Only 13.2% CHRONOL OGY foreign private sectors to search think the oil workers themselves had for oil in the country. Decree 1,044 the most to lose. Petrobras's 11 refin1852 — Emperor Dom Pedro II authoeries produce 63 million gallons of signed on September of 1852 rizes the creation of a private company to gasoline, diesel and heating oil every granted Antonio Mendes D'Almeiprospect for oil in the northeastern states of da and Constantino Conde de day. During the strike this output was Piaui and Maranhao. 1918 — The federal government for the Zabielo the authorization to "inreduced to about 10 million gallons a first time participates in the oil industry corporate a company with national day. All over Brazil, people had to lending equipment and teclmicians to a pristand in line for hours to buy cooking and foreign stockholders with the vate company. aim of exploring mines of fossil gas. There were also lines of cars at 1919 — The Agriculture Ministry gets gas stations —when there wasn't the fuel, copper or any other mineral funds to start searching for oil on its own. in the provinces of Maranhao and feared "empty" sign on the pump — 1934 — Constitution tbrbids private secand dozens of factories were forced to Piaui". tor to have rights over the subsoil. Americanbusinessmen seemed stop work due to the lack of gas. The 1939 — On January 21, in I,obato (state union movement was also seen as a to secure the best deals. Decree of Bahia) for the first time oil flows from a loser by 10% of those polled, and 2,352, from November 1864 for Brazilian well. 1948 — 0 Peiroleo é Nosso campaign 3.5% believed that President Fernando example, granted American Thoprevents the federal government to allow the Cardoso had lost prestige with the maz Demy Sargent "faculty for 30 entry of foreign capital to prospect for Brayears to extract peat, oil and other stoppage. zilian oil. minerals in the counties of CamaThe owners of the 29,000 gas sta1953— Petrobras is created by President tions across the country think they mu and Melts, in the province of Getillio Vargas through law 2,004. had to suffer more than anyone else. Bahia." Sargent was authorized to 1960 — The Oil National Council (CNP) Luiz Gil Siuffo, President of the Nado whatever he pleased with the is incorporated to the Ministry of Mines and land, including selling or swaptional Federation of Fuel and LubriEnergy. ping it for something else. He was cants Resellers (Fecombustiveis) re1995 — Congress votes to end the oil even allowed to expropriate priported that gas stations lost $700 milmonopoly as exercised by Petrobras. NEWS from BRAZIL JULY 1995
11
vate land needed for mining, THE WAY THEY SEE IT "provided that it could be proved that all friendly means had been Should Brazil open its subsoil to the rest of the world? The controversy is older than the used to obtain such property." republic. Monopolists and anti-monopolists have diametricallv opposed positions. The proThe reign of the private sec- monopoly responses were taken from a document written by Petrobras Engineers Associator in the natural resources de- tion: the anti-monopoly quotes are from -the book Carritho do Institut° it/antis. partment crumbled together In the past foreigners denied that there was oil in Brazil so the country would buy with the Empire when Pedro II from than? Why would it be different now? was deposed in 1889 by general 'ANTI-MONOPOLY PRO-MONOPOLY Manocl Deodoro da Fonseca, Because only after the 1973 interim-The multinationals only showed interest who became the first Brazilian tional oil crisis it became economically vi- in coming to Brazil after the discovers of big President. The 1891 constitu- able to explore Brazilian oil, since 90% of oil deposits offshore and development of techtion transferred from the Union our oil come from big-depth underwater nology to explore it. Petrobras has proved to the states the sovereignty over wells. Its exploration is too expensive, and it that is possible to produce deep-water oil at was necessary that the oil prices went up. competitive prices with imported oil, this the mines in their territories. With the 50's and 60's values this wasn't paid in national currency and generating jobs According to Vaitsman, this in Brazil." worthwhile." approach delayed for at least The big oil multinationals are so powerful that they impose disadvantageous contracts to the countries producing oil. three decades the exploration of oil in Brazil. "The mining -This used to happen decades ago. Few -Since 1970 the right of property for raw impetus coming from the Em- areas of commercial law have advanced so oil has favored state companies which posmuch as the ones concerning oil. Nowadays, sess today more than 90% of the world's oil pire paralyzed the Magna Carta. the contracts are highly technical and with reserves. Only in countries with little oil Promising researches were plenty of guarantee for the countries where reserve exploration is private." abandoned," writes Vaitsman in the fuel is extracted from." 0 Petroleo no Imperio e na Foreigners are going to take all our oil since theirs is ending. Repithilea. Contrary to the thinking in the 70's -The US reserves decrease 3% a year. Three times before this last there is no more any perspective of scarce while in Brazil Ibr every oil barrel produced. battle, congress was the stage oil. The Middle East, Mexico and Venezuela three new ones are discovered. 13razilian oil for heated discussions about oil alone have enough oil to supply the world for is enough for our consumption but not enough to export and end our reserves." monopoly. First, during the dic- the next 80 years." tatorship of Getulio Vargas, who Without Petrobras's monopoly oil prices will be going up. governed from 1930 to 1945. At Oil prices are low nowadays because -Robert Broughton. ex-president of Shell the end of the 20's the private the government pays the difference with the in Brazil, had established that his company sector had reorganized itself to money that should be used to fund health, would invest only if oil and fuel prices in explore the Amazon river. education and security programs. The only Brazil were aligned with international prices. which was divided into eight effective way to lower prices is though in- Ile suggested that Ibreign companies should crease in production. To do such a thing we have some privileges, that is. bigger prices zones for mineral prospecting. need resources that Petrobras by itself does and advantages in order to compete ‘N ith Six of these areas were Petrobras." not have." handed to three companies beForeigners are going to harm Petrobris and set the clock back on oil exploration. longing to an international con-The law that will regulate the sector's -The House Representatives will sign a sortium. In 1930, contracts were opening (Hydrocarbons Law) will prevent blank check if they approve the measure. The signed but the real work never this kind of injustice. Petrobras will have a government will end up sav ing that we should v'olume of oil compatible with its ability to sell some refineries, rigs, oil fields, so we can started — to the delight of a group of nationalist tenants de- explore it. Furthermore. Petrobras will be use the money to invest in education, health. free to associate itself with foreign and na- debt payment, etc... Whatever is left from fending a hard-line regime and tional capital." Petrobras will be privatized as it happened the strong hand of the state on with WI', Argentina's state oil company ." the country's natural resources. With the monopoly breakup there will be unemployment. They were able to lead the -On the contrary. With the entrance of -There will be unemployment at Petroargument on mineral wealth new companies in the sector, there will be a bras. Although the company is not afraid of during the discussions of the strong demand for qualified workers. In ad- competition, with the end of the monopolv it 1933 Constituent Assembly. dition, many indirect jobs will be created in will have to think as a private firm, cutting The 1934 Constitution ended the supplying companies. which now have a investment in technology and research. for all private rights to the subsoil sole client, Petrobras." example." and gave back to the union total rights to prospect for mineral resources. After winning the presidency in 1946, general Eurico Gaspar Dutra toyed with the idea of giving foreign companies the right to search for oft His r)t‘lt,„: iTh 1\ 7.1 rAT • t ?, ideas, however, were met with a wide coalition of r • `• military, students, politicians and journalists who joined forces for the 0 Petroleo E Mosso campaign. These forces created the Center for Oil Studies and Defense, a nationalist lobby. The House started discussions about the Oil Statute in March 1948. In May, Dutra, not being able to resist the pressure anti-
ToDOS PETROLE1H STAS -0.,
12
NEWS from BRAZIL-JULY 1995
privatization had already decided to forgo his privatizing ideas. ARROGANT BUT EFFECTIVE --- Still without a car industry in place, Brazil in the early 50's was spending $250 million to import oil. An oil field in Bahia being operated by the National Petroleum Council produced only 2% of the country's needs. Against this backdrop and the notion that foreign firms had had their chances to find oil in the past but didn't look for it in order to maintain Brazil as an underdeveloped nation, President Galin° Vargas, elected by popular vote, created Petrobras. Willing or not, all owners of cars, buses, trucks, boats and planes were required to be shareholders of the company, buying the shares according to the weight of the vehicle. Interestingly enough, Vargas, considered the father of the bill that created Petrobths, took a very ambiguous stance on the oil monopoly. The President tried his best to have US Standard Oil and other American oil firms participating in the prospecting of oil in Brazil at the same time he was deciding to create Petrobthi. The state oil company would work as a holding company with national and foreign subsidiaries, which would be in charge of exploration, refining, and distribution. Contrary to popular perception and despite its arrogance, Petrobras is not a place where government godchildren can get an easy job. The company has become an island of excellence inside the Brazilian work market, requiring rigorous admission tests and continuous training courses for those willing to work there. After 1968, Petrobths became a holding company and started to compete internationally through Braspetro in a number of sectors, including mining, fertilizers, and shipping. While disputing foreign markets, however, the company turned into an untouchable in the domestic scene, transforming itself into a state within a state. Those who would dare to criticize the firm were called unpatriotic or worse. • NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995
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Letters AYAHUASCA VIRTUES Concerning a report published in News from Brazil (Tea Party - May 95 ) stating that the Brazilian government might prohibit the use of ayahuasca, we feel that we should give some clarification. First, and most important, this story is not true. The religious use of ayahuasca was supported by two resolutions in 1986 and 1992 of the Conselho Federal de Entorpecentes (CONFEN), the governmental organization responsible for the formulation of drug policy. The legalization of ayahuasca for religious purposes was approved unanimously both times that it was considered for one fundamental reason: it is not a narcotic, a substance of abuse. It is not addictive, doesn't create instability or cause physical or mental harm when used ritualistically. What CONFEN examined in two recent meetings, interpreted incorrectly by the Brazilian press, was a family conflict (as described in your article) involving a religious organization that used ayahuasca, called Cefluris. A mother claimed custody of her daughter, who wanted to live in the religious community. This was not a matter for CONFEN, and was turned over to Vara de Familia, which handles family matters. Nothing more. Our organization, the Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), faithfully observes the ritual use of the tea Hoasca (ayahuasca). The UDV was a vanguard for the initiatives to legalize and regulate its use, making it visible to the public and constituted authorities. We have a center for medical studies (Centro de Estudos Medicos), consisting of health professionals within the UDV, who are connected with international centers for the research and study of psychoactive pharmaceuticals. We are certain of the safety and beneficial nature of Hoasca, as administered by our leaders, or mestres, through the Christian and spiritualist doctrine of the Uniao do Vegetal. Today, we have more than five thousand people, organized in over 60 micleos, or centers, all over Brazil, people from every social class, including many in prominent positions. All of them recognize the benefits that Hoasca has brought to their lives. The Uniao do Vegetal disapproves of vices. It stands with the authonties to combat drugs, and upholds human in-
tegrity in body and spirit. Edison Saraiva Neves & Edson Campos Soares Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal Brasilia, Brazil
READING AND HIDING When I decided to subscribe to News from Brazil, I intended to have an easyreading magazine that I could show to my friends and keep in the reception of my office, providing useful information about our country and our people, being a vehicle of attraction for Americans in general. My intention nevertheless got frustrated. The subjects approached by the periodic are all but sordid -- corruption, massive slaughter of children, disputes between drug lords, abuses, misery, etc., bringing about a feeling of repulse towards Brazil. Now I read the magazine and hide it afterwards. I would be very proud if I could have your skillful writers, your attractive price, and your editorial capabilities serving Brazil in a more civic and decent way. Disappointed, I conclude that the magazine I am looking for might be another one. Aldo Dorea Mattos Rancho Cucamonga, California
LIFE CONNECTIONS Please allow me this opportunity to applaud News from Brazil, as well as its diverse readers. In the June issue, you demonstrated a genuine dedication to cultural exchange and world unity by publishing an article (From Brazil with Love) about two wonderful Brazilian teenagers who participated in an American homestay program. Already, we at the Foundation for International Understanding have received phone calls from families who have read the article and who fully support the efforts of our organization to bring Brazilians and Americans closer together through a homestay experience. We are excited for these families, because they have taken an important step in not only making the dreams of our Brazilian youth come true, but also in experiencing the true Brazil without ever having to leave their own homes. Thank
250 A COPY
you, News from Brazil, for extending our hosting invitation to your readers; and thank you, dear readers, for your gracious reception! (If there are more families who are interested in hosting, it is not too late! Please call 1-8002FAMILIES for more information.) Christine Buckley San Diego, California
TUNING IN FROM RIO It's hard to realize that I have been an American expatriate now for 2 years. On a recent trip back to 'the States,' I came across your publication in the Brazilian district (46th Street) in New York. Unfortunately, I didn't have time to read it until my return to Rio and I must commend you on its contents. I have not mastered Portuguese and it was a pleasure to read about things in my own backyard from your excellent writers. So please enter my subscription and rush the current issue. By the way, is your publication available at the newsstands or other locations in Rio? You might be interested in notifying your readers about the existence of the American Society of Rio de Janeiro, now in it 78th year. It will be a pleasure to put you in touch with the Society's President for further details; and if you or your staff is in Rio on July 1st, you can see our celebration of the July 4th holiday complete with the Marine Corps, Jersey corn, hot dogs, and all the rest at an outdoor gathering. Milton Volan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
CELEBRATION TIME Gostaria de lembrar que no dia 17 de Julho, faz exatamente um ano que o nosso querido Brasil ganhou a Copa. Nao podemos deixar de comemorar esta data, e devemos festeja-la corn festa e alegria. Que tal fazermos como os americanos e colocarmos a nossa bandeira, em nossos carros ou nas portas de casa? Assim mostraremos que temos orgulho de ser brasileiros e sabemos reconhecer as boas coisas que nos acontecem. Marlene C. F. Van Nuys, California
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'Kr generations, Rio and SĂŁ
have cultivated a sibling riv times lively, at times subdue Paulistanos (from Sao Paul Cariocas (from Rio) keep poki each other, their mayors hay • th potlight with pharaonic p presidential dreams. Maluf
REINALDO D'AMICO
The mayors of Brazil's two largest cities, Rio and Sao Paulo, seem to be vying for the title of who can spend the most money in the shortest amount of time. Cesar Maia, the current mayor of Rio, has launched yet another plan to address some of the issues facing Rio. This, the second plan of his administration in as many years, comes after the failure of the first plan or piano nirmero urn. The eccentric mayor of Rio, who, for example, greeted a dinosaur skeleton on a trip to the national museum and ordered an ice cream in a meatmarket, has recently earned himself a not very pleasant title, partly as a result of the failure of his first plan. A poll conducted by Datafolha in 11 of the largest Brazilian cities concluded that Maia is the most unpopular mayor in the nation. A full 55% of those polled said that they felt Maia was doing either a bad or very bad job.The insatisfaction reached such levels that on a recent trip around town his car was encircled by a mob of angry citizens shouting "incompetent" and even some obscenities. The mayor is launching the second phase of his government with something any administrator would love to have: lots of money. Thus far, $1.5 billion (that's right, billion) is available in the city coffers for this plan and it seems likely that most of it will be spent. 16
There are at least 13 projects either being considered or in the early stages of implementation, each with its own hefty price tag. $160 million, for example, is being budgeted for construction of the Linha Amarela (Yellow Line) a proposed road some 23.7 kilometers long that will link the beach area known as Barra da Tijuca at the southern end of town with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro on Ilha do Fundao (Fundao Island). Another $75 million is earmarked for extending the subway to Copacabana beach and completing a subway station at Tijuca. These projects do have their supporters, although mayor Maia's opponents seem to outnumber them immensely. Says Jorge Bittar of the oppositon party PT, "He's trying to be the Carlos Lacerda of the 90's (in reference to the mercurial and controversial former governor of the state of Guanabara during the 1960s)... the difference is that Lacerda was an excellent administrator and a very charismatic politician whereas Maia is on absolute authoritarian" Even though he is the most unpopular mayor in Brazil, Mais is the richest, and he says he is the most important politician in Rio. "If elections were held today I would be unstoppable," he claims. Thi's in spite of his record of not living up to his promises. He promised, for example, to raise health and educational workers' salaries by 22°A this NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Maluf can also take year, but they were still credit for improving Sao waiting at last word. Paulo's financial situation. Rio's mayor, howThe previous administraever, can lay claim to an tion left the city with a important victory: transsurplus of $2 billion. forming the big annual Maluf has been able to inCarnaval bash from a crease that to $3 billion money loser into a profitduring his tenure. Says able party. This year's Maluf of his job, "A mayor attracted Carnaval has 200 small problems to 500,000 tourists (120,000 resolve each day, but it's more than had been preworth it." Today the city dicted) and turned a profit has about 300 different of $2 million versus a loss projects under construcof $1.5million last seation, which generates son, no small feat even 40,000 jobs directly and for a mayor of Rio. another 100,000 indiHizzoner seems very conrectly. fident in himself these Yet, when the man who days though, and chalseems to have only one lenges any politician from thing in mind, the nation's Rio to debate new ideas presideny,is asked if he's for the city. considering running for While all this is going the highest office in the on in Rio, Sao Paulo's nation, he is evasive, "To mayor Paulo Maluf seems discuss my candidacy now to be engaged in his own Arhote Xs•aiWa .1k.i.tRNI Ilagnt'11.11 would be unpatriotic. But battles with his opposier.....tutts airetase to te.stAn I have been a governor, ' ikm d., RItoa•-• toalas art "Wei, otrl tion from the left. His latC+, ,A4ot hi,,ift I'm now a mayor, and I do est project is Singapore, a have rights". plan to replace 200 of the city's largestfave/as (slums) with modern apartment buildings. With $300 million to bankroll the project, it seems ENVIE 0 SEU DINHEIRO PELA likely the plan might see the light of day. But like Rio's mayor Maia, Maluf has a respectable number of detractors. According to Francisco Whitaker of the opposition party PT, "Its all a lie, he (Maid) saw his image with the voters deteriorating especially concerning social issues and he's simply trying to give himself a facelit." Lair Alberto Krahenbuhl, the city's Housing Secretary admits that the Singapore plan would only resolve about 30% of the city's housing problem but he says that "we can't be the savior of all our country's problems". With about 1.9 million people living in some 1,500 favelas it would seem almost impossible to completely resolve the problem without some sort of outside help. Maluf can easily find supporters among the city's exfavelados. They are people like Davi Pinheiro, a 33-yearold busdriver, who until recently lived in the Interlagos . UMA EMPRESA BRASILEIRA SERVINDO 36 PAISES NOS 5 CONTINENTES COM MAIS DE 400 AGENTES favela with his wife and children. Says Pinheiro, "When I NOS EUA, CANADA E AUSTRALIA. was living in the favela I thought Maluf would never be able to construct this apartment building, now I see that LIGUE Maluf didnt lie. I'llvote for him the rest of my life." 1800 844-6408 At a construction cost of $9,000 per unit the city PARA MAIS INFORMACOES recently placed into service about 80 apartments each about 126 square feet in size what is very small when VIGO REMITTANCE CORP.EMPRESA LICENCIADA PELO DEPARTAMENTO compared to the typical apartment found almost anywhere DE BANCOS DO ESTADO DE NOVA YORK E OUTROS here in the US. The tenants will be paying about $60 each CALIFORNIA - CONNECTICUT - FLORIDA- GEORGIA ILLINOIS -MARYLAND - MASSACHUSETTS - NEW HAMPSHIRE month in rent for the next 20 years. As a result of the NEW IERW - NEW YORK - NORTH CAROLINA- RHODE ISLAND completion of the first of these planned projects, the SOUTH CAIROLINA - VIRGINIA - WASHINGTON D.C. - WISCONSIN. Interlagos favela is now smaller.
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17 NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Lexidographers wa t to rein in the' I Portuguese, but those who make the language alive know much better.' Thanks to tilem we can salvar, deletar d kibordear „ ,..1
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r computers.
WILSON VELLOSO
Each languageias its own little quirks Calle "idiomatic idiosync sies" I) linguists„;,Engl.iSho„. for example. It has a;fairly siin) p ae g r Ta— t,';' adjiqtives I nurriber, the sirngle,,cOnjugashorn of gender 15 tions. ,i Jr‘i:d ariy 1, rd trfax e used intola overb• "to Xerox,1 to eye, to sandwick!''But!ltCsPelling is devilish. Ifs the only language I know that ,,hai"SPell.i ing bees" rand champion spellers Portuguese is notins flexible. To make verbs a out nouns, it must usually add tzar, like ini3 t, , a, ,.gt,iize. Instead, LusoPhones,rtnguese-speaking) -nations delight ineging spe in les evm,,* 'fteit, search- ' i ng for a "phonetic , qrtbJgraphy", thats',.nright pe as, good as Spanish. Unfortunately, i, li nglanguageswillat seemed only natural yesterday, today isrejected But rejects are often reinstated. About 50 ears o''.' Lusophone eggheads decided in a corife ence eI e, the w, and the y should be abandoned, exiled, abolished. As ;,,., it frequently happe1 "s,Yith these' edicts from high above, many peopleinsfignored the'ni el regUlatiogiis and continued using theljhree proscribe lotto il11 poeG t0,..uto 16 erm de nA,1m4 40 pietyoo e , a wellicnown 'SAO: aulo hdPbutcats, sheltered thenf and co%Oteci a little w rd ,kw , y, plonotin -keed qa.41',,„.,, oor JA liuida;Ns creatin ;didn't t:0,(6:;.'Itquickl waned, *Ce-cre ). And Pated::?40,41'it orvete ( elt,nd awayair% its meaning .=-- extra ood, wonderftil, super"— got t.l.9§t• As far as I know, it' didiittVen make it to the,, , "- t-, alt,15,Recentl Y, e k,,lhe w, and the y were aught' back'from the cold, resurrected b‘ Brazil's academicians. Almeida must rjo herever in heaven he may be. The sophone countries didn't bother , ,tgratil,r the a eement. They probably figure that in their teal WO, inany other things have higher , Ori - ira scale 'e , - of 1 to one. million. Soj t pent started kwlspernc"SUig une fod7h: riefit, e rg been d it.'"uf sshobo new agreem inin udes several dtlier chan ,ome quite inane ike th hyphen rule: "when nts of a corn exist, soelisaratelylienation." la Touniltable 09/Idg,n411
Filifi,,,-t V.ii'litm W ,..-. (i.e., a meeting on anartrci0 rniture ,An9,0, theory, that spelling should help irpte w to pronounce atOr.dtook ” a steP back .';`tott em4,7sign of dierests7twots'n,v,u'Vowlf.4. emirs Oaliwpfflariwas irricerimorif661" ' 'garbage heap. He cefqrtli',,fwe'Won't'ever'k ow`w the u is pronounced or nqt. in.,Words like ento ., , .',sneto gtiento esta dorl, gu'incho, quilo,1 „,, uente another fejears, the trema may be exh giv en a new' lease f life. ' 11111 Unlike the imperialistie;Englis Ian n„ ' -',„, amassed a fantabulous vocab larv of co g USC ,words by simply picking,up alloveitliew u -o-rilulile@te t deemed needed, Prrtirguese is in5redibl ' inOd—: Wile of being numerically wealthier than broth Spelis and Italian. Well, Brazilians are §in the way of dctin something about that . Once upon a time, French was the source of many Brazilian terms such as coquil es St. Jacques for ifiere common scallops that in Port , u al are called ameixoas In;a 1,d inn to chiquieg , ', Metro (fZ,1 ej.r'0 i' Frenchi subway)4On lp_ -iI i° called rouge-a evres) - Now 'Y ch ' ,01 -d mu t is the tu , E , : a7 ,, SomfwAare m,tc pronou nce, r and spelledinw 1s , ha'e trouble idetifyfrilih S Take qUitinrf0;Flenti;Filibinf91 scale , (car light): mana', •ata (for a To,.: i la-i o 1), ePi aur (for Happy Hour) at the barisultetpionoun 6d soo., .., .. eet (for master bedroom, a bedroom w th a bathroom attached);'bonde (an electric streetcar).1 Many English words are usedirillitirfriginal spelling,with a fanciful pronunciation, often 'with a differeopt meaning. Such is the case of oventight,It kind of lia savings account in which interest is computed daily a added to the principal. , „Ically, it is our old frie,n „ the"on call” account, uring the ears inflation', was queen in BrazilVhaving money °I the overnight: meant watching your money double it an amazinglir short period of time; because of infla 101,1,,IV 't only way to save in a currency_that was like iCe in your,pocket before you 01- home. ' Tdeventling*a bit, letls point out that attaing the ' thousands of-words English appropriated from ,other languages *here is a fair sample of Portuguese. Stich is , -' ,commando, ayah (an archaic term that the case-twith hails'''41 ''''' fro Rrtme as giu.s and ala domestic allge,m way servant' and got into Portuguese. nniaiirejrmarmelade (from Portuguese incFme/ada,ntweej made with marmelos, or quinge)Jove/ a (naine,a . ,, ...;, , ' in Rio, once a slum area, $nowtograduatedq middle class community), Porto wine (frown llo, guese city), and so ciriNK --*, Truth ia,that Brazilians and Portuguese m y, their spelling as ofte0s they wish, but the penoPle wh make the language don't pay tosi'inuch attentiOnftliki _ why among computer buffs,the word caracteres has, two Ongular forms: carcIter meaning character, moral .... cngth; an., coractere meaning a letter, a sign or any ,ck.4„ 4,' 9-wd mbolYse1,1 1WYPesetting. The : is lreacly.reaponsiblef4r. merfar,(tc,, merge), salvor (to tave),de/etar (to delete), indentar (to indent),kibordear to keyboard) which competes with teclear and'digitar; ,hile 0 photo. escanear is to scan, xerocar is to make F,9pies,faxear is to fax. And much-more, ad4nfinitAin. ,nctad nauseam.
18 NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Is depression next? Brazil's biggest distributor of home appliances, Casa Centro, has just filed Chapter 11 in the bankruptcy courts. The surprising move was seen by many as just the beginning of a nationwide collapse of the Brazilian financial system. Everybody seems to be complaining that interest rates are just too high. In one year, the number of deadbeat consumers increased almost 300 percent. CARLOS EMMANUEL DA FONSECA BARRETO
Private and state-owned banks In Brazil that lend money to individuals or companies may charge a minimum interest rate of 60% a year. This is insa e considering a variation between 3.5 and 10.5% that exists in all developed nations. This high interest rate policy, coordinated by Brazil's Central Bank, affects the entire production chain and i leading the economy into a recession. A company that re eives, for example, a $800,000 loan will have to pay back 27.7/ more after a three month period, or a total of $1,021 million. It is just inconceivable in Brazil, or anywhere else for that matter, to collect a 27.7% return on an investment during a three month p nod. In 1983, Ben Berna ske of Princeton University suggested that a large part of the decline in output during the 1929 Great Depression was the res It of a breakdown of the financial system and the collapse in th quantity of credit available. Does that suggest that a collapse in Brazil's financial system is under way and that the country is heading towards a Great Depression? Let's follow the production chain. Starting at the bottom of the ladder, high interest rates absurdly increase the monthly installment-payments on credit contracted by consumers while at the same time consumers' salaries remain unchanged. This will lead to increased numbers of people not paying their bills. The fact that, in Brazil, the majority of the major stores have their own consumer credit systems does not help the situation. Going up the ladder, businesses whose clients cannot pay will not be able to make their own payments to their suppliers. Therefore the industry will not be able to pay for the raw materials used in the making of its products. The last link in the production chain, the suppliers of these raw materials, do not receive payment and cannot transfer the debt to anyone else. The outcome of this chaos is that the suppliers will no longer sell to clients that cannot pay and moreover, they will try to recover some of their losses by increasing their prices. Banks, to safeguard their own stability don't lend money anymore. There is NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
19
no more investment, prices go higher, consumers buy much less, just to support this measure. This is double the amount low sales lead to cuts in industry expenses, unemployment rises, that the Union plans to collect from the sale of nine and some businesses unable to handle the pressure go into state-owned enterprises. Based on a 4% a month bankruptcy. It is a chain reaction. We have an example close to interest with the current debt of $75.3 billion, the home. The US recession, which started in July 1990, made the government will have to spend about $100 million a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) go down instead of up, and the day in interest payments. increasing inflation was an important indicator of a need for The latest victim of the high interest rate policy monetary policy change. The Federal Reserve moved deci- was Persio Arida, president of Brazil's Central Bank. sively, cutting the discount rate (interest rate charged to banks Arida's resignation in May came as a big surprise. borrowing from the Central Bank) from 4.5 to 3.5%. A few After all, he had been the chief architect of the Real months later the economy started its slow recovery. Plan which, implemented in July 1994, managed to The recent news that Casa Centro, Brazil's biggest distribu- bring inflation down from 50% a month to the current tor of home appliances, filed Chapter 11 in the bankruptcy 3%. Some analysts attributed his resignation to the courts was seen as an omen of an imminent collapse in Brazil's "negative reaction of the country's industrial sector to financial system. Casa Centro was a victim of high interest the Central Bank's credit restriction measures." rates. Only in Sao Paulo, the number of consumers not paying Is that a message to the current high interest rate their bills increased 266% in April compared to April 1994. policy instituted by the government? It definitely Horacio Lafer Piva, Director of FIESP (Sao Paulo State Industry shows how influential an industrial sector can be in a Association) said that, "The reduction in bank loans which feed capitalist world. • the production creates a situation in which not only the consumer stops buying, but the industry halts production." Looking from a different perspective, Economics Nobel Prize winner Milton 4221 Wilshire BI. #391 - Los Angeles, CA 90010 Friedman from the University of Chicago theorized that (213) Fax (213) 525-1584 to reduce the inflation rate it is necessary to reduce the level of output. This will generate a recession, forcing wages down through unem•", ................................ ployment, and therefore achieve a lower inflation rate. According to Friedman, inflation adjustment is part of a wage increase. Ex-Economics and ex-Planning Secretary Mario Henrique Simonsen says that if the government lowers interest rates as the entrepreneurs wish, the result will be an even higher inflation rate. Simonsen supports Friedman's idea and adds that for the government to decrease interest rates, it must increase taxes or cut expenditures, a change from monetary policy "CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS APPLY!" to fiscal policy. The hike in wage rates will create an unRepresenting: VASP, VARIG, AMERICAN, tenable situation in the counLADECO, LAN CHILE, LACSA, try' s inflation. The annual AEROLINEAS ARGENTINAS, AERO PERU interest rate in Brazil can AND UNITED AIRLINES. fluctuate from 60 to 138%. It depends on the client's credit history. It is not only the private sector, however, that suffers from this monetary policy. The government has to pay around $ 3 billion a month on its internal debt
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20 NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
The oldest and systems to plan rainforests. Home number of species (typically, more th mile), Brazil's A houses the world's Approximately 42°/ t.f.rriz; pied by the Amazo .1-4111. ton is a real problem in e are: au despite all the clamor againsrlogging and forest burning, it' pbiiible to, fly for hours over the TO'resMithOtt' noticing even a slight break in the luxuriant green cover of Northern Brazil. Protecting the earth's rainforest is azon of vital concern because 5,,T4 often seems like a far avy'place0.1 fleeting paradise constantly' threatened by the logging trucks, oil ri,gs, cattle ranching, and ceaseless fires. _ he Amazon seems far removed from our everyday lives in North America; yet there are connections linking us economically, politically, culturally, ,and 'biologically to the woild's largest rain: forest and its people.• e Two Two of the most alarming resting° tropical forest deforestation are the bal weather changes which might matically alter human life on t.I4 p unless we fight together to stop the loss of indigenous.„ Rainforest indigenous peofilelia ve off the land for generations. One of the ma inInstituf the%, is the's1 US helping deal with jfi (RAN) Rainforest Action Netwo t(mawhich works nationk • an tal and tionally with other envir n J9,09 human rights orga ocus.on RAN began a programt.reBrazil which grew oidq he ness of the key role Vrazil effort to save tropic4144in oreats. Brazil is home to appi'oxirnately,,, one-third of the world's rainforests and provides models for other rainforest communities. RAN shaped the Brazil Program in direct consultation with key players in the Brazilian social and environmental movement supporting their work rather than duplicating their efforts. The Protect-an-Acre Program, for example, which was created in 1991, is a small grants project for forest peoples, providing funding for programs that maintain the ecological balance of the forest and strengthen the rights of its inhabitants. It provides funding to help forest people secure communal land title, guarantee land rights by marking boundaries, and implement projects that maintain the ecological balance of the forest. Protect-an-Acre is an alternative to "buy-an-acre" programs, which attempt to achieve permanent protection by buying tracts of rainforest land, but do not address the needs of forest communities. Most "buy-an-acre" programs ignore the fact that there are people living in the forest. Few areas of the Amazon have no communities of in-
„
NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
itional, self-reliant in turn preserve the
nous erme, serious ts to, the area hac'livedfft 0 or-' centuries. Rather than buying the and, which would cost millions of -'and would still not.succeed,in eAtal 1. enous and rights, PrOlec -an-Acr provides indigenous people with the 41 rights Is_to,, support 44:0 n eland. by 9 BY Yu'," rainfor, peopl bei
$5,000 are provided iatives. Projects adtop of Brazilian rainmazon and Mata s projects providing ation, organic agnelfare of traditional ons. Protect-an-Acre rainfores hich have the greateas . tp :s-uio4tnareeP.ni. . cn ., rpt°io'igj avre: 1,51: itoes:Eidefend the earth's grants provided Tuhnietissmall em s rainforests. The have results far beyound.tfied modest amounts granted. current Brazilian grant forr zoning and medicinal ecctshinonluhharvesting dae.'r:est i g and forest srebrys linewRIcrne Valley in the Atlaninforest.- , ' oaes.,_„ .115_daloo "._a,s Mulheres TrabaA srs_ ad_o1, 4nityAcenteBli_eo do Papagaio construction of a 5/1"10i), tlir co Tocantins. ntro de'Pesquisa Indigena, for ak Indian terri-
as s In
Jungle welfare How to deal with rampant deforestation of the Amazon jungle? Some ecological groups are buying out land to protect the forest. Others, however, think that helping those who live in the Brazilian rainforest is a more effective answer. SHERYL BARBIC
'tit?,' ioambtental for n t1i1llft;;Kie iv4:sGe1s reocenp: n of traditional lands rd Indian os Seringueiros de -C S to create new extracAmazon. consultants in AlternaureProjects, for agrod manufacturing of s for environmental nd social developc rainforest. poraciio Agricola a, for a seed producoforestry and reforazon rainforest. e4ta Protect-an-Acre has proven to be an effective tool for assisting grassroots communities in defending their lands in the rainforest. The grants program responds to expressed needs of forest communities and provides a way for North Americans to directly aid initiatives of forest people in defense of the rainforest. By empowering people whose way of life is directly dependent upon defending the forest in which they live we support a mechanism by which indigenous people can gain recognition of their land rights and the continuation of their traditional ways of life. For as little as $25.00 individuals can support indigenous people's way of life in Brazil's rainforest through RAN's Protect-an-Acre Program. For more information contact: Rainforest Action Network, 450 Sansome Street, Suite 700, San Francisco, CA 94111, Phone (415) 398-4404, FAX (415) 398-2732. Online info: ran-info@igc.apc.org. URL World Wide Web page: http://www.ran.org/ran/ Sheryl Barbic is an Information Intern in the Media Department at RAN. 21
Web song Brazil has become the leader in computer music in Latin America and a regional center for disseminating new techniques and musical compositions. Recently a new work by a composer at the Campinas University was transferred over Internet from Brazil to San Diego and performed on a concert there in April. BOB WILLEY
Janos Negyesy and Paiyikki Nykter rehearsing for an electronicacoustic duo.
For the last five years the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) campus has been involved with a computer music exchange program between its Center for Research in Computing and the Arts (CRCA), the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (Stanford University), and the Laboratorio de Investigacion y Produccion Musical (Buenos Aires, Argentina), funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. This grant has allowed for the exchange of composers and researchers among the three centers, and a series of concerts, seminars, and double compact disc have documented some of the results. CRCA/UCSD research associate Robert Willey has assisted the exchange during this time and worked to extend the program to include Brazil, whose music, language, and people, he adores. Willey has made several trips to give lectures and concerts at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), at Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), and Sao Paulo's Pontificia Universidade Catolica (PUC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), and the Festival de Inverno (Winter Festival) in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state. Wiley is a founding member of the Brazilian Computer Music Society and has served on the music committees for the first two conferences in conjunction with the Brazilian Computer Society. Information has been posted at UCSD on the World Wide Web, a user-friendly system for accessing information on the Internet. If you have a browser for this system you can point it towards the locator address: http://crca-www.ucsd.edu/ bobw/brazil.html During the past few years significant progress has been made in arts technology in Brazil. Universities have been sending professors abroad to the U.S. and Europe to get doctoral degrees. The teachers, in return, have to teach at a Brazilian
22 NEWS from BRAZ!L - JULY 1995
school after they finish their for- tically free for anyone wishing to use them. eign studies. As part of their cur- The implications for this on society will be riculum many of these teachers enormous, and Brazilian institutions do not become involved in music technol- want to fall behind. During the past 10 years Brazil has ogy and have tried to incorporate it in their universities when they go emerged as the leader in computer music in back to Brazil. They are anxious to Latin America, and the meetings organized create an environment in which by NUCOM have made it a regional center talented researchers and compos- for disseminating new techniques and mpsiers will find places in which to cal compositions. The university music dework, so that they do not have to partments in Brazil are better supported han leave the country to find opportu- those in Argentina, and the computer networks that have been put in place there have nities. One of the purposes of the first syposium on computer music in Brazil, held in August 1994 in Caxambu, Minas Gerais, was to demonstrate that there is an active scene underway, and to encourage artists and university administrators of its value. It attracted significant international attention and involvement, presenting 38 papers and 40 compositions selected from submissions from all over the world. It brought visitors from the LIPM studio in neighboring Buenos Aires, providing opportunities to foster culBob Willey, first on the right, with his colleagues at CRCA. tural connections between countries whose military regimes prevented given researchers immediate access to upto-date information on all aspects of Omsuch contact in the past. Another reason for the blossom- puter science and arts technology, someing of arts technology in Brazil is thing that was hard to get in printed form in the increasing affordability of com- the past. The world is being re-wired with netputer technology, and the electronic dissemination of information this work, phone, and satellite connections. Artmakes possible. Computer net- ists take advantage of new opportunities in a works facillitate rapid distribution variety of ways, depending on the type of of ideas, techniques, and art cre- link. An electronic archive has begun at ation. Brazil is a huge country, and CRCA of compositions for computer-Conit has been common for specialists trolled piano, in this case a Disklavie by working in one city to feel isolated Yamaha. A new work of a composer a the from their peers working in an- Campinas University was transferred 4ver other. Now they can be in close the network from Brazil to San Diego and contact with their counterparts in performed on a concert there in April. he piece, entitled Pendulos by Jonatas Manz lli, other cities and abroad. The change in political leader- is now part of the archive and is also availship during the past few years has able through the World Wide Web (ht p:// made foreign technology more crca-www.ucsd.edufbobw/disklavier.ht 1). available, and increased the access This allows interested persons from ar und to computer networks. The rapid the world to transfer the piece to their wn drop in cost has made it more af- computer in a matter of seconds, after which fordable, for individuals as well as the piece can be played on their own sy heinstitutions. Computers are one of sizer or Disklavier. NUCOM has an online forum unde .ay the few things of value that are decreasing in cost, so rapidly that in which members write to each other u long in the near future they will be prac- electronic mail regarding computer music in NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Brazil. These discussions, and others in lists concerning related topics, bring instant world wide interaction, giving participants access to some of the top people in the field. The music department of the Universidade Federal Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte is moving into new facilities in the coming year providing network connections and updated computer music facilities, making it the best-equipped center in the country. The second syposium on computer music in Brazil will be held from July 30 to August 2 during the annual congress of the Brazilian Computer Society. The meeting will be held in Canela, in the mountains of the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Invited speakers from Stanford University/USA, UCSD, the Computer Music Journal, ZKM/Germany, and York/ UK will join with their colleagues from around Brazil representing universities in Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasilia, So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Campinas, and other cities. A compact disk of some of the works played at the symposium will be distributed as part of the congress' proceedings. The organizers have posted information on the Web at: http://tucano.inf.ufrgs.br/sbc/ simp_musica.html For more information, contact: Bob Willey - Center for Research in Computing and the Arts University of California, San Diego - 0037 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0037 Tel: (619) 534-4383 E-mail: bobw@ucsd.edu Bob Wiley earned his PhD in composition in the University of California, San Diego (USCD) music department and is a research associate for the CRCA (Center for Research in Computing and the Arts). 23
How does ayoung manfrom a small city in Brazil wind up with a featured role in a play at one of the most prestigious theaters in America? Arnobio S. Dos Santos (also known as Ikka) has taken a long winding journey from his native Brazil to Hollywood, California, where he recently performed to sold-out houses at the Mark Taper Forum's Taper Too Theater which staged the original productions of Children of a Lesser God and Angels in America among many other plays. Aniobio is aMineiro (from the Minas Gerais state) — born in Nanuque, a little rural town which today has less than 50,000 residents. When he was little, one of his great joys was acting in the Chnstian plays at school. At the age of 5, he and his family (he is one of 11 children) moved to the city of Maraba in the state of Para. He remembers a wonderful childhood close to nature. There he developed a strong connection with animals which continues to this day. In Maraba, Aniobio was also always dreaming about an actor's life, but in that small city of little more than 100,000inhabitants there were no opportunities for theater. At the age of 12, his family moved again, this time to Goiania, the capital of the state of Goias. That's where he began dance classes, which led to creating choreography. He started to stage beauty contests for the states too. This led to doing the choreography for Miss Brazil. During his Goiania days, he also staged and organized many fashion and entertainment events in Goias and the state of Rondonia. Amobio registered with the Brazil Artists and Actor's Union under the direction of the President of the Union, Mr. Firmineto of Rondonia. At this time, he took the professional stage name of aka. Ikka? Tt had to do with Sonho de Icaro (Icarus's Dream) an adaptation for the stage that he and his friends made of the legend of the Greek mythological hero who fell in the ocean after having flown too close to the sun. He played the mythological hero and his colleagues started to call him Ica. Hejust gave it a hand substituting the c by two ks. Arnobio had a chance to work with many talented Brazilian actors and singers such as Luiza Brunet, Paulo Gorgulho, Elke Maravilha, Isadora Ribeiro. He has a special for in his book of gratitude for Zeze Motta, a 24
Arnobio goes to Hollywood What is the distance between Goiania in the state of Goias in Brazil and Los Angeles in the state of California? Looking at the map doesn't help. Young Arnobio's route passes through Bolivia, Spain and includes a stop in Las Vegas. SARA GUVER
Hyman and Dos Santos in The Mad Dancers
movie actress he calls "enchanting" and who was a great inspiration for him. As if his success in the theater wasn't enough, Ikka also wrote a popular social column for the newspaper 0 Estadtio do Norte in Rondonia. The column was called Famoso Colunista Valdeci Tergon (Famous Columnist Vald-eci Ter on). mak), who is now 29 years old, is an adventurer and a gypsy. In 1992 and 1993 the artist lived in Bolivia where he staged artistic events and worked as a teacher in orphanages. Then, he went to Spain where he studied theatrical hair and make-up design. Arnobio came to the United States in 1994. His first job was to create and construct the sets for industrial shows in Las Vegas. From there he moved to San Francisco where he got a job as a hair stylist working with well known stylist Maria Echegoyen at "Le Chic" salon. And that's what he's been doing for a living between dances and plays that still are not as abundant as he would wish them to be. In San Francisco, Arnobio had the good fortune to meet director Richard Seyd and playwright Yehuda Hyman. Richard Seyd is the Associate Artistic Director of The American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. He recently directed an acclaimed production of Othello. Seyd and Hyman were looking for an actor who could communicate through sign language and dance. Aniobio fit the bill as he was a sign language interpreter for his church back in Brazil. The director and writer brought ArnObio down to Los Angeles to play the role of the Mysterious Stranger inThe Mad Dancers. The Mad Dancers, subtitled A Mystical Comedy with Ecstatic Dance, tells the story of Elliott Green, a fictional IBM secretary who takes a coffee break and meets seven Jewish mystics on the streets of San Francisco. In the second act, he journeys to a land not unlike Spain before 1492, when the Jews were expelled from the country by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. Amobio's role entirely performed in sign language is composed of poetry from the great SpanishJewish poets of the middle ages. The actor-dancer is thrilled to have this childhood dream realized. Plans are being made to present The Mad Dancers for an extended tour through several US cities. "Who knows," says Arnobio, "perhaps we'll bring the show to Goiania! I'll play Elliott, the IBM secretary!" This might be a dream right now, but for someone like Arnobio, it seems that dreams are just made to become alive! NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
I Would Have Loved Him if! Had not Killed Him by Edgard Telles Ribeiro, a Wyatt Book for St. Martin's Press, translated by Margaret A. Neves, $18.95
Brazilian puzzle Many of the answers to the life, adventure and passion of Guilhermina are in an old hat box left by the heroine. Edgard Telles Ribeiro joins the pieces in this most rewarding mystery novel. HARRIET ROBBINS
With challenging opening words, Edgard Telles The surges of passion ring true in this Ribeiro's I Would Have Loved Him ifI Had not Killed Him transports us to Brazil's capital, Brasilia, and to absorbing nov el. In a Rorshach effect the the mysterious adventures of characters emerge. Andrea Guilhermina, the widow of the starts off with her version as she heard it from her aunt. Honorable Carlos Augusto Maia Excerpt: She and Fernando piece the Macedo, to whom she was given story together from the conin marriage in 1926 at the age of The invitation to the opening of the antique shop, tents of an old hat box filled 14, in a family arrangement diffiforgotten in the mailbox, was addressed to the previous with mementoes of the decult to digest even in those days. tenant. It was two months old and read: "THE NIGHT ceased Guilhermina, who Adding to the strangeness of the STAND WHERE TIIE PAST HAS A FUTURE. Still from the past tells her own union was the fact that the Honorsearching for furniture and furnishings that feed your able Maia Macedo was 66 years story. fantasies'? If Art Nouveau, Art Deco or pre-60's paraFernando completes the old when he met her at the altar in phernalia is your thing, come visit." cycle as he too gets involved a ceremony resembling a first Curious, I decided to check the place, and the and follows the path of communion more than a wedding. following Saturday I drove to that part of town. Most of Guilhermina when she emThe story of Guilhermina is the buildings in the neighborhood were still under barks on her journey of disrelated to Fernando by Andrea, construction. Except for a bakery and a Korean food covery at the age of 21, widher great niece, who was the store, there weren't many signs of life. The address led owed by the death of her eldgranddaughter of Guilhermina's me to a gallery of boutiques, most of which seemed erly husband after sevenyears brother, a brother who was an empty. The night stand was at the back, shining like a of marriage. important though an elusive chardiamond in the darkness, a darkness which made me acter in her life. Through this voyage of trip over a brick and nearly fall. I was saved by a woman discovery we track the emoFate brings strange bedfellows who appeared out of nowhere. Between her breasts, a tional fabric of love and hatogether. In this instance, the marfew inches from my eyes, I saw a little blue crab. The tred entwined in this percepriage of a naïve sheltered young crab transported me to another time. I drew back a tive beautifully written novel. girl of 14 wedded to a man of the It is a rare treat to have world who dreams of erotic adlittle, looked into the tanned face — and there she was, available an English translaventures. When the groom proAndrea. As we hugged, I thought with a twinge of tion of the well-known and ceeds to prove such dreams on his melancholy that ten swift years had passed since our revered Brazilian writer wedding night it brings a catatime together in Los Angeles. We were veterans of Edgar Telles Ribeiro, who in clysmic .effect on Guilhermina's Venice beach in the time California had just heard this novel not only brings psyche which had far reaching about Woodstock and was yet to digest Watergate and Brazil and Brazilians to life results. "For seven long years the end of the Vietnam war. but covers the American and Guilhermina spun her web and But what was Andrea doing here, so far away from European scene as well. allowed herself to be raped again the sea, in the back of a semideserted gallery of shops Read/ Would Have Loved to recuperate every ounce of her in the Brazilian capital'? She who had starred in my first Him if I Had Not Killed Him hatred." medium-length film (the still unknown Murder in the for a journey into the heart From this web of intrigue we Springtime) and was later to have a successful career as and the soul of the mysteries become absorbed in the story of a fashion model? I should investigate. of the mind. Guilhermina, her innocence vioThere are highways and lated, her revenge articulated, her byways to explore in this erotic adventures stimulated. The most rewardin g novel from Brazil. book is a joy ride of the senses written to a Brazilian • Bon voyage! beat.
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maquina, urn par de botas, uma cavatina, um tambor, etc. Esta elan) clue o oficio dessa segunda alma é transmitir a vida. como a primeira; as duas completam 0 homem, quc é, metafisicamente falando, uma larama. Quern perde uma das metades, perde naturalmente metade da existencia: e casos ha, nth) raros, em que a perda da alma exterior implica a da existencia inteira. Shylock, por exempla. A alma exterior daquele judeu cram os setts ducados: perde-los equivalia a morrer. "Nunca mats verei o meu ouro, diz ele a Tubal: è um punhal tine me emenyis no coraceio.- Vejambem esta frase: a perda dos ducados, alma exterior, era a morte para ele. Agora, é precis() saber que a alma exterior nao sempre a mesma... — Nat)? — Nao. senhor: muda de natureza c de estado. No aludo a certas almas absorventes. coma a potria. corn a qual disse o Camoes que morria, e o poder, que foi a alma exterior de Cesar e de Cromwell. San almas energicas c exclusivas: mas ha outras. embora energicas, de natureza mudavel. Ha eavalheiros. por exempla, ettia alma exterior, nos primeiros anos. fat urn chocalho on urn cavalinho de pau, e mats tarde uma provedoria de irmandade, suponhamos. Pela minha parte. canheeo uma senhora, — na verdade, gentilissima — que muda de alma exterior cinco, seis vezes por ano. Durante a estactio liriea é a opera: cessando a estaeao a alma exterior substitui-se por outra: urn concerto, um bade do Cassino, a Rua do ( )uvidor. Petropolis... — Perdao: essa senhora quern é? — Issa senhora e parenta do diabo, e tern o mesmo name; chama-se Legiao... E assim outros nuns easos. Eu mesma tenho experimentado dessas troeas. No as relato, porque iria longe: restrinjo-me at) episodic) de que lhes falei. Um episadia dos meus vinte e eine° anos... Os quatro comptmheiros, ansiosos de ouvir o cast prometido, esqueceram a controversia. Santa curiasidade! tu nao es so a alma da civilizacào, es tambem o porno da concordia, fruta divina, de outro sabor clue no aquele porno da mitologia. A sala, ate ha pouco ruidosa de fisica e metafisica, e agora urn mar motto; todos as olhos estao no Jacabina, clue conserta a ponta do charuto, .recolhendo as memorias. Ets aqui coma ele comecou a narracao: Tinha vinte e cinco anos, era pobre, e acabava de ser nomeado, alferes da Guarda Nacional. Nao imaginam o aconteeimcnto que isto foi em nossa casa. Minha nule ficou tao orgulhasa! tit() contente! Chamava-me a seu alferes. Primos e nos, foi tudo uma alegria sineera e pura. Na vila, note-se beM, houvc alguns despeitados; choro e ranger de dentes, Como na Escritura; e 0 motivo nao foi outro sena() que o posto tinha muitos candidatos e que esses perderam. Suponho tambem que uma parte do desgosto foi inteiramcnte gratuita: nasceu da simples distineao. Lembra-me de alguns rapazes, que se davam comigo, e passaram a olhar-me de reves, durante algum tempo. Em compensactio, five muitas pcssoas que ficaram sansfeitas corn a nomeacao; e a prova e que todo 0 fardamento me foi dada par Vai entao uma das minhas tias, D. Marcalina, vinva do Capita° Pecanha, que morava a muitas leguas da vila, num situ) escuso c solitano, desejou ver-me, e pediu que fosse ter corn ela e levasse a farda. Fui, acornpanhado de um pajem, que dai a dias tornou a vila, porcine a ha Marcolina, apenas me pilhou no sitio, escreveu a mmha mite dizendo que nao me soltava antes de urn mos, pelo menos. E abracava-me! Chamava-me tambern a seu alferes. Achava-me urn rapagao bonito. Como era um tanto patusca, chegou a confessar que tinha inveja da moo que houvesse de ser minim mulher. Junta que em toda a provmcia nao havia outro que me pusesse 0 pe adiante. E sempre alferes; era alferes para ea, alferes para îà, alferes a toda a hora. Eu pedia-lhe que me chamasse Joliozinho, coma dantes: e ela abanava a cabeea, bradando que nao, que era o "Senhor alferes". tim cunhado dela, irmao do finado Pecanha, que aui morava, ntio me ehamava de outra maneira..Era a "Senhor alferes", nao por gracejo, mas a seri°, e a vista dos escravos, que naturalmente foram pelo mesmo cantinho. Na mesa tinha eu 0 melhor lugar, e era 0.primeiro servida. Nao imaginam. Sc Ihes disser que a entusiasmo da tia Marcolina chegou ao panto de mandar pot- no meu quarto urn grande espelho, obra rica e magnifica, que destoava do resto da casa, cup mobilia era madesta c simples... Era urn espelho que Ihe dera a madrinha, e que esta herdara da mae, que a comprara a uma
machine, a pair of boots, a melody, a drum; etc. It is clear that the task of this second soul is to transmit life, like the first soul; both fulfill Man, who is, metaphysically speaking, an orange. He who loses one of the halves, naturally loses the half of his existence; and there are cases -- not so rare -- in which the lass of the external soul implies the loss of the entire existence. Shylock, for example. The soul of that Jew was his ducats: losing them was equivalent to death. 'I will never see nw gold again,' he said to Tubal. 'It's a dagger thrust into my heart.' Pay attention to that line: the loss of the ducats, the external soul was death to him. Now, it is necessary to know that the external soul is not always the same... -No?" "No, sir. It changes in nature and state. I am not talking about certain absorbing souls like the mother country which Cameies said he would die with, or the power that was the external soul of Caesar and Cromwell. These are energetic and unique souls; there are others, likewise full of energy, but of a mutable nature. There are gentlemen, for example, Whose exter,. nal soul in their first year of life was their rattle or wooden horse, and later, we may suppose. was their Masonry group. I myself know a lad v -- in reality extremely kind -- who changes- her external sonl five, six times a year. During the opera season, it is the opera; when the season is over, her external soul is replaced by another: a concert, a ball at the Casino, Outidor Street, Pet ropol s..." -Pardon me, but who is this lady?" "This lady is a relative of the devil's and has the same mime. Her name is Legion... and like this, there are other cases. myself have experienced these changes. I shall not relate thcm because it would take me too long. I shall restrict myself to the episode mentioned to you. An episode during my twenty-filth year..." The four gentlemen, anxious to hear the promised case, forgot about the controversy. Blessed curiosity! You are riot only the soul of civilization, but also the fruit of harmony, heavenly fruit, of another taste but no different- from the fruit of mythology. The room, moments before noisy with physics and metaphysics, is now a dead sea: all eyes are, on Jacabitia,,who reshapes the tip of his cigar recollecting his Memories; Here ,is -. how started his story... -I was 25 yetirs old, I was poor, and had just been promOted. to the rank of second lieutenant in the National Civant, You can't imagine what a stir this caused in my family...My Mother was so proud! So happy! She called me her lieutenant. Cousins; uncles and aunts -- it was all sincere and pure happmess.In the village, note, there were a few resentful people', weeping and gnashing their teeth as in the Scriptures; and-the reason was only that there were many candidates for the post and these-had lost. I also suppose that part of their disappointment was, entirely gratuitous: born of the mere distinction. I recall sonic young men, acquaintances of mine, who looked askance at me for a time. On the other hand, many people were happy about My promotion, and the proof of this is that my entire military uniform was given to me by my friends... It happened then that one of my aunts, Dona Marcolina, the widow' of Captain Peeanha, who lived many leagues from the village in a secluded and solitary little country place, wanted to see me and asked me to come over and bring my uniform. So I went, accompanied by a slave, who returned to the village a few days later because Aunt Marcolina, as soon as she got me settled in the house, wrote to my mother saving that she wouldn't let me leave for at least a month. And how she hugged me! .She also called me her lieutenant. She found me handsome. And as she was a bit of a jester herself, she confessed to me that she was jealous of the young lady who one day would be my wife. She swore that in the whole province there wasn't another man who could hold a candle to me. And she would always call me lieutenant: lieutenant here, lieutenant there, lieutenant all the time. I asked her to call me Joaozinho, as before; but she shook her head saying no,. that I was 'Mister Lieutenant.' One of her brothers-in-law who lived there, a brother of the late Pecanha, called me nething else. It was 'Mister Lieutenant, not for mockery, but seriottslyand in front of the sla 'es who naturally did the same: At the table,. I had the best seat and was the first to be served. You can't imagine. If I told you that Aunt Marcolina's enthusiastrtreaehed the paint that she had them install in my bedroom a big MirrOr, a rich and magnificent piece that clashed with the rest of the house, whose furnishings were modest and simple... r It was a mirror given to Aunt Marcolina by her godmother, who had NEVVS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
das fidalgas vindas em 1808 corn a corte de D. Joao VI. Nlo sei o que havia nisso de verdade: era a tradicilo. 0 espelho estava naturalmente muito velho; mas via-se-the ainda o ouro, comido em parte pelo tempo, uns delfins esculliidos nos angulos superiores da moldura, uns enfeites de madrcperola c outros caprichos do artista. ludo velho, Inas bom... — Ispelho gra nde? — Grande. E foi, coin° digo, uma enorme fineza, porque o espelho estava na sala; era a mentor peca da casa. Mas nio houve forcas que a demovesscm do proposito; respondia que no fazia faith, que era sO por algumas scmanas, e finalmente que o "Senhor Alferes- merecia muito mais. 0 certo é que todas essas coisas, carinhos, atencoes. obsequios. fizeram em mim uma transformacao, que 0 natural sentiment° da mocidade ajudou e completou. creio en?
— Nan.
— 0 alferes eliminou 0 homem. Durante alguns dias as duas naturezas equilibraram-se; mas n5o tardou que a primitiva cedesse A outra ficou-me uma parte minima de humanidadc. Aconteceu emir° que a alma exterior, que era dairies 0 sot. o ar, o campo, us olhos das moos, mudou de nature/a. e passou a ser a cortesia e Os rapapes da casa, tudo o que me falava do post°, nada do que me falava do homem. A Unica parte do cidadilo que ficou comigo foi aquela que entendia com o exercido da patente: a outra dispersou-se no ar e no passado. Custa-lhes acreditar, n5°'? —Custa-me ate entender, respondeu urn dos ouvintes. Val entender. Os fatos explicar5o melhor os sentimentos: Os fatos silo tudo. A melhor definicrio do amor nib vale um beijo de moya namorada: e, se bem me lembro, urn filosofo ant igo demonstrou o movimento andando. Vamos aos fatos. Vamos ver como, ao tempo em que a consciencia do homem se obliterava, a do alferes tornava-se viva e intensa. As dores humanas, as alegrias humanas, se cram sO isso, mat obtinham de mim uma compaixilo aptitica on urn sorriso de favor. No fim de tres semanas, era outro, totalmente outro. Era exclusivamente alferes. Ora, urn dia recebeu a tia Marcolina tuna noticia grave: uma de suas filhas. casada corn um lavrador rcsidente dali a cinco leguas, estava mat c A morte. Adeus, sobrinho! adeus. alferes. Era mile extremosa, armou logo uma viag.em, pediu no cunhado que fosse corn eta, e a num que tomasse coma do sitio. Creio que, se nib fosse a disporia 0 contrnrio; deixaria o cunhado e iria comigo. Mas o certo C que fiquei so, corn os poucos escravos da casa. Confesso-lhes que desde logo senti uma grande opress5o, alguma coisa semelhante ao efeito de quatro paredes de um carcere, subitamente levantadas em torn° de mini. Era a alma exterior que se reduzia; estava agora limitada a alguns espiritos bocais. 0 alferes continuava a dominar cm mim. embora a vida fosse menos intensa, c a consciencia mais .debil. Os escravos punham uma nota de humildade nas suns cortesias, que de certa maneira compensava a afeicao dos parentes e a intimidade domestica interrompida. Notei mesmo, naquela noite, que des redobravam de respeito. de alegria, de protestos. Nho alferes, de minuto a mmuto; nhO alferes C muito bonito; nhii alferes hi de ser coronet; nhO alferes hi de casar coin moca bonita, filha de general: urn concerto de louvores e profecias, que me deixou extntico. Ah ! perfidos! mat podia cu suspeitar a intenc,5° secreta dos malvados. — Matn-lo? — Antes assim fosse. — Coisa pior'? — Oucam-me. Na manh5 seguinte achei-me so. Os velhacos. seduzidos por outros, ou de movimento proprio, tinham resolvido fugir durante a noite; e assim fizeram. Achei-me sO, sem mais ninguem, entre quatro paredes, diante do terreiro desert° c da roca abandonada. Nenhum folego human°. Corn i a casa toda, a senzala, ludo; ninguem, um•molequinho que fosse. Gatos e-galinhas trlo-somente, um par de mulas, que filosofavam a Nida, sacudindo as moscas, c tres bois. Os mesmos ctIes foram levados pelos CtietaVOS. Nenhum cute human°. Parece-lhes que isto era melhor do que ter morrido? Era pior. Nio por medo; juro-lhes que nib tinha medo; era um pouco atrevidinho, tanto que nib o senti nada, durante as primeiras horas. NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
inherited it from her mother, who had bought it from the noblewomen who came to Brazil with Dom Joao VI's Court in 1808. I didn't know if there was any truth in it; it was tradition. The mirror was naturally very old, but you could still see some gold, somewhat worn by; time, some sculpted dolphins in the upper corners of the frame, some mother-of-pearl ornamentation and other caprices of the artist. Really old, but good..." A big mirror? "Big. And, as I told you, it was an enormous gesture on her part, since the mirror was in the living-room. It was the best piece of furniture in the house. But there was no one who could tall: her out of it; she said it didn't matter at all, that it was just for a few weeks, and finally that 'Mister Lieutenant' deserved much more. The thing of it was that all these gestures of affection, attention and favors worked a transformation inside me, which was helped and completed by the natural sentiment of youth. You can imagine, I suppose?"The lieutenant eliminated the man. For a few days, both natures were in balance; but it wasn't long before the primitive one surrendered to the other. A very small part of humanity' remained inside me. So it happened that the external soul, which was previously the sun, the air, the fields, the eves of the young ladies, changed its nature and became the courtesy and the flatteries of the household, everything that related to the position, nothing of what related to the man. The only part of the citizen that staved with me was the one that had to do with the exercise of the rank; the other faded away into thin air and the past. It's hard for you to believe, isn't it'?' "It is even hard for me to understand," answered one of the listeners. "You shall. The facts will better explain the sentiments: facts are everything. The best definition of love cannot be compared to a kiss from your beloved, and if I remember rightly, an ancient philosopher demonstrated the movement walking. Let us look at the facts. We will see how, while the consciousness of the man obliterated itself, that of the lieutenant became alive and intense. Human sorrows, human joys, when only that, barely gained from me indifferent compassion or a patronizing smile. Dv the end of the third week, I was someone else, entirely someone else. I was exclusively a lieutenant. Well, one day Aunt Marcolina received sonic bad news: one of her daughters, married to a farmer who lived five leagues away, had fallen ill and was dying. Good-bye, nephews! Good-bye, lieutenant! Being an extremely loving mother, she immediately planned the trip, asked her brother-in-law to go with her and asked me to take care of the house. I believe that if it weren't for her distress, she would have done the opposite: she would have left the brother-in-law and would have gone with me. But what happened was that I stayed there alone except for the few slaves of the house. I confess to you that I soon felt a great oppression, something like the effect of four walls of a prison cell, suddenly raised around me... It was the external soul reducing itself, limited now to a few uncultured spirits. The lieutenant continued to dominate in me, although, life was less intense and my consciousness more feeble. There was a note of humility in the way the slaves treated me, which somehow compensated for the affection of my relatives and the domestic, interrupted intimacy. That very night I noticed that the slaves doubled their respect, their joy and their protests. It was 'Master Lieutenant' every other minute; Master Lieutenant is very handsome, Master Lieutenant shall become a colonel; Master Lieutenant shall marry a beautiful girl, a general's daughter; a concert of compliments and prophecies that left me ecstatic. Ah, perfidious ones! Little did I suspect the secret intention of those vile creatures." "Of killing you?" "Would that it were." "Something worse'?" "Listen to me. On the following morning, I found myself alone. The traitors, seduced by others or by their own act, had decided to escape during the night and that's what they did. I found myself alone, not another person within the four walls, the property deserted, the fields abandoned. Not a single human breath! I went through the house, the the slave quarters, everywhere. No one, not even a child. Only 4 few roosters and hens, a pair of mules philosophizing about life as they shook off the flies, and three steers. Even the dogs had been taken by the slaves. Not a single soul. Does that seem better to you than to have died? It was worse. Not because of fear; I swear to you I was not afraid. I was a bit cocky, so I felt nothing during 31
Fiquei triste por causa do dano causado a tia Marcolina: fiquei tambem um poueo perplex°, nib sabendo se devia ir ter corn cla. para The dar a triste noticia, ou hear tomando conta da easa. Adotei o segundo a vitre,para no desamparar a casa. e porque, se a minha prima enter= estava ma!, eu ia somente aumentar a dor da mile. sem remedio nenhum: finalmente, esperei que 0 irmAo do tio Pecanha voltasse naquele dia ou no outro. visto que tinha saido havia jã trinta e seis horas. Mas a manila passou sem vestigio dele; a tarde comecei a sentir a sensayAo como de pessoa que houvesse perdido toda a acAo nervosa, e rtho tivesse consciencia da acAo muscular. 0 irmiio do tio Pecanha nib o voltou nesse dia, nem no outro, nem em toda aquela semana. Minha solidAo tomou proporcOes enormes. Nunca Os dias foram mais compridos, nunea o sol abrasou a terra corn tuna obstinacao mais cansativa. As limas batiam de seal° a seculo no veiho relOgio da sala, cuja pendula tic-toe, tic-/ac, feria-me a alma interior, como um piparote continuo da eternidade. Quando. muitos anos depois, Ii uma poesia americana. creio que de Longfellow. e topei este famoso estri bi ho: Never, for ever! For ever, never!confesso-lhes que live um ca la frio: recordei-me daqueles dias medonhos. Lra justamente assitn que fazia o relogio da ha Marcolina: — Never, /Or ever! For ever, never! No cram golpes de pendula. era um dialog() do abismo, um cochicho do nada. E cilia() de noite! NA() que a noite fosse mais silenciosa. 0 sileneio era 0 mesmo que de dia. Mas a noite era a sombra, era a solidA0 ainda mais estreita, on mais larga. lie-/ac, Ninguem, nas sa las. na varanda, nos corredores, no terreiro. ninguem em parte nenhuma. Riem-se ? — Sim. parece que tinha urn pone° de medo. — )11! fora born se eu pudesse ter medo! Viveria. Mas o caracteristieo daquela situaao e que eu nem sequer podia ter medo, isto é. o medo vulgarmente entendido. Tinha uma sensaao inexplicavel. Era como um defunto andando, um sonambulo, um boneco meanie°. Dormindo, era outra coisa. 0 sono da va-me alivio, nao pela razAo comum de set: irrnibo da morte. mas pot outra. Acho clue posso explicar assim esse fenomeno: — o son°, eliminando a necessidade de uma alma exterior, deixava atuar a alina interior. Nos sonhos. fardava-me orgulhosamente, no mei° da familia e dos amigos, que me elogiavam 0 garbo, que me chamavam alferes: vinha um amigo de nossa casa, e prometia-me o posto de tenente, outro o de capita- 0 ou major; e tudo isso fazia-me viver. Mas qtyindo acordava, dia claro, esvaia-se com 0 son° a consciencia do men ser novo e Onico '— porque a alma interior perdia a Liao exclusiva, e ficava dcpendente da outra, que teimava em nib tornar. NAo tornava. Eu saia fora, a um lado e outro, a N'er se descobria algum sinal de regress°. Soeur Anne, soeur Anne, ne vois-tu rien venir? Nada. coisa nenhuma; tal qual como na lenda francesa. Nada mais do que a poeira da estrada e o capinzal dos morros. Volta va para casa, nervoso, desesperado, estirava-me no canapé da sa la. Tic-toe,tic-tac. Levantava-me, passeava, tamborilava nos vidros das janelas. assobiava. Em certa ocasiii° lembrei-me de escrever alguma coisa, urn artigo politico, urn romance, ttma ode; nth) escolhi nada defimtivamente; sentei-me e tracei no papel algumas palavras e frases soltas, para intercalar no estilo. Mas o estilo, como tia Marcolina, deixava-se estar. Soeur Anne, soeur Anne... Coisa nenhuma. Quando muito via negrejar a tinta e alvejar 0 papel. — Mas nAo comia? Comia mat, frutas, fa ri nha, conservas, algumas raizes tostadas ao fog°. mas suportaria tudo alegremente, se nib° fora a terrivel situacAo moral em que me achava. Recitava versos, discursos, trechos latinos, liras de Gonzaga, oitavas de Camoes, decimas, uma antologia em trinta volumes. As vezes fazia ginastica; outra dava belisaes nas pernas; mas O efeito era so uma sensaao fisica de dor ou de cansaco, e mais nada. ludo silencio, um silencio vasto, enorme, apenas sublinhado pelo eterno tic-/ac da pendula. Tic-/ac, lie-tac... — Na verdade, era de enlouquecer. — VA() ouvir coisa plot. Convem dizer-lhes que, desde que ficara so, nao olhara uma so vez para 0 espelho. NA° era abstenao deliberada. n50 tinha motivo; era urn impulso inconsciente, um receio de achar-me urn e dois, ao mesmo tempo, naquela casa solithria; e se tal explicacAo é
the first couple of hours. I was sad because of the loss caused to Aunt Marcolina; I was so perplexed, not knowing whether I should go to her and give her the sad news or remain there to take care of the house. I chose the second alternative so as not to leave the house alone and because, it' cousin was really ill. I would lust add to the mother's pain without any remedy. Finally, was going to wait for Uncle Pecanha's brother to come back that day or on the following day, since he had already been gone for thirty-six hours. But the morning passed with no sign of him. In the afternoon. I began to experience the feeling of a person who has lost all his nerves and was not conscious of his muscles. Uncle Pecanha's brother did not come back that day or the following dav or even that whole week. MV solitude took on enormous proportions. Never had the days been so long, never had the sun burned the earth with a more tiresome obsession. In the living-room, the hours struck from centun to century on the old clock, whose pendulum tick-lock, tick-foci( hurt my internal soul like a continuous flicking of eternity. Many years later when reading an American poem, by Longfellow I believe, I came across those famous lines: .Vever, for ever! -- For ever, never! I confess I got the chills. I recalled those ghastly days. That was exactly the way Aunt Marcolina s clock went: Never, pr ever! -- For ever, never! 'Hwy were not the strokes of a pendulum, it was a dialogue from the abyss, a whisper from nothingness. And the night. Not that it was more silent. The silence w as the same as during the day. But the night was the shadow, the even narrower, or wider, solitude. Tick-lock, tick-lock. No one in the rooms, on the veranda, in the corridors, on the grounds, no one anywhere. You laughing? "Yes, you sound as if you were a bit afraid." "Oh. It would have been good if I had felt fear. I would have survived. But the distinct aspect of that situation was that I could not even feel afraid, that is, feel fear as it is commonlv understood. I felt an inexplicable sensation. I was like a walking corpse, a somnambulist, a mechanical doll. Sleeping, it was different. Sleep provided relief. Not for the usual reason of it being the brother of death, but for another. I think I can explain the phenomenon this way: sleep by eliminating the need for an external soul, allowed the internal soul to act. In my dreams, I would proudly wear the uniform among family and friends, who praised my elegance, who called me lieutenant. A friend of the family would come and promise me the rank of lieutenant; another the rank of captain or major; and all of this made me feel alive. But as! awoke, in bright daylight. the consciousness of mv new and only being faded away with sleep -- because the internal soul lost its exclusive action and became dependent on the other, which stubbornly refused to return... It did not return. I would go outside, from one place to another to see if I could discover any sign of its coming back. SoeurAnne„Soeur Anne, ne vois-tu rien venir? Nothing, not a thing; just like in the French tale. Nothing but the dust of the road and the grass out on the hills. I would return home nervous, desperate, and stretch on the settee in the living-room. Tick-lock, tick-tock. I would get up, walk around, tap on the window panes and whistle. On one occasion, I thought of writing something: an article on politics, a novel, an ode. I did not choose anything definite. I sat down and wrote a few words and loose sentences on a piece of paper just to try different forms. But the form, Iike Aunt Marcolina, did not come. Soeur Anne, S'oeur Anne... Not a single thing. At most, what I saw was the blackness of the ink and the whiteness of the paper. "Didn't you eat?" ate a little fruit, bread, preserves, a few roots toasted in the fire, but I would have withstood that happily if it were not for the terrible moral situation I found myself in. I recited verses, speeches, parts of Latin texts, verses by Oonzaga, eight-line verses by CamOes, ten-line verses, an anthology of thirty volumes. Sometimes I did exercises, at other times I pinched my legs; but the effect was merely a sensation of physical pain or tiredness and nothing more. Everything was silence, a vast, enormous, infinite silence only underscored by the everlastingtick-tockof the pendulum. Tick-lock, lick-lock... "In reality, anyone would go mad." "You are going to hear worse things. I must tell you that since I was left alone, I had not looked in the mirror once. Mv abstention was not deliberate, I had no reason for that. It was an unconscious impulse, a fear of seeing myself one and two persons at the same tune in that deserted house. And if this
32 NEWS from BRAZIL JULY 1995
erdadeira, nada prova melhor a contradicao humana, porque no fim de ()it() (has deu-me na vencta de olhar para o espelho corn o Inn justamente de achar-me dois. Olhei e recuei. proprio vidro parecia conjurado corn o resto do, unicrso. nao Inc estampou a figura nitida e inteira4nas:: vaga. esfumada, difusa, sombra de sombra. A reatidade. : das leis lisicas no perniite negar que o espelho, reproduziu-mc textuahnente, corn os mesmos cOntornos . c feicoes: assim devia ter sido. Mas tal nao foi a minha sensacao. Ento ti) e medo: atribui o fenCimeno a excitacao nervosa ern que andava: reccei ficar mats tempo, e enlouqueeer. — Von-me embora, disse comigo. E levantei o bray° corn gest() de mau humor, e ao mesmo tempo de decisao, olhando para o vidro; o gesto la estava, mas disperso, esgacado, mutilado... Entrei a vestir-me, murmur(mdo comigo, tossindo sem tosse, sacudindo a roupa corn estrepito. afligindo-me a trio coin Os botiies, para dizer alguma coisa. De quando em quando, olhava furtivamente para o espelho; a imagem era a mesma difusao de linhas, a mesma decomposicao de contornos... Continuei a vestir-me. Subitamente por uma inspiracao inexplicavel. por um impulso sem Menlo, lembrou-me... Sc forem capazes de adivinhar qual foi a minha — Diga. — Estava a olhar para o vidro, coin uma persistacia de desesperado, contemplando as proprias feieises derramadas c inacabadas, uma 'Riven' de linhas soltas, informes, quando tive o pensamento... Não, nao sao capazes de adivinhar. — Mas, diga, (Iiga. — Lembrou-me vestir a farda de alferes. Vesti-a, aprontei-me de todo: e. como estava defronte do espelho, levantei os olhos, e... nao lines digo nada; o vidro reproduziu entao a figura integral; nenhuma linha de menos. nenhum contorno diverso; era cu mesmo, o alferes, que achava, entim, a alma exterior. Essa alma ausente corn a dona do sitio, dispersa e fugida corn os escrows, ei-la reeolhida no espelho. Imagmai urn homem que, pouco a pouco. emerge de um letargo. Libre us olhos sem Vcr. depois comeca a ver. distingue as pessoas dos objetos, ma s nil() conhece individualmente uns nem outros; enfim, sabe que este e Fulano, aquele é Sicrano; aqui esta uma cadeira, aui um sofa. 'Judo volta ao quc era antes do sono. Assim foi comigo. Olhaya pant 0 espelho, ia de urn lado para outro, recun a. gestieulava, soma co vidro exprimia tudo. Nao era mais urn autOmato, era um ente ammado. Dal em diante, lui outro. Cada dia, a uma certa hora, vestia-me de alleres, e sentava-me diante do espelho, lendo olhando, meditando: no fim de duas, tits horas, despia-me outra VCZ. Corn este regime pude atravessar mats seis dias de solidao sem us sentir... Quando os outros voltaram a si, o narrador tinha descido as escadas.
explanation is a true one, nothing is better proof of human contradiction, because at the end of .eight days, it occurred to me to look in the mirror with the exclusive objective of finding myself divided in two. I looked and stepped back. The glass itself seemed tohe in conspiracy with the rest of the universe; it did not reflect a clear, whole figure, but one that was vague, foggy, diffuse, the shadow of a shadow. The reality of the laws of Physics ao not allow me to deny that the mirror reproduced me textually, with the same contours and features; that is the way it must have been. But that was not the sensation I had. So I became .fearful. I attributed the phenomenon to my nervous excitement; I was afraid that if! remained there longer I would go mad. • I am going to leave,' I told myself. And I raised my arm in a gesture that was both angry and decisive, as I looked into the mirror. The gesture was there, but dispersed, rent, mutilated... I started to get dressed, mumbling to myself, coughing, without needing to, shaking out my clothes briskly, fretting for no reason over the buttons just to say something. Once in a while I glanced furtively at the mirror: the reflection was the same diffusion of lines, the same decomposition of contours... I continued dressing myself. All of a sudden, out of an inexplicable inspiration, an uncalcUlated impulse, I remembered... See if you guess \vimt my idea was, gentlemen... "Tell us.I was looking into the glass with the persistence of a desperate person, contemplating the teatimes themselves, broken and unfinished, a cloud of loose, shapeless lines when the thought came to me..." "Tell us, tell us..." remembered to put on the lieutenant's uniform. I put it on, I got myself all ready. And since I was in front of the mirror, I raised my eyes, and.., you won't believe it: the glass then reflected the whole figure; not a line missing, not one different contour; it was really me, the second lieutenant who had finally found his external soul. That soul, absent with the owner of the house, having dispersed and tied with the slaves, was there whole again in the mirror. Imagine a man who, little by little, emerges from a state of lethargy, opens his eyes without seeing, then begins to see, to disting,uish people from objects, but does not know how to tell one trom the other individually. Finally, he knows that this So-and-So, that is So-and-So: this is a chair: that over there, a sofa. Everything goes back to what it was before the dream. That was what happenedto me. I looked in the mirror, walked from one side to the other, stepped back, gesticulated, smiled and the mirror reproduced everything. I was no longer an automaton, I was a living being. From then on. I was someone else. Each day, at a certain hour, I put on the lieutenant's uniform and sat in front of the mirror, reading, looking, meditating. After two or three hours, I took the clothes off again. With this routine, I was able to get through six more days of solitude without feeling
-
When the others in the room came to their senses, the narrator had gone down the stairs...
The Mirror was first published in 1882. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908) was the first Brazilian writer to focus on the psychological realism of the characters. Translated and Copyright 0 1995 by Wilson Loria. Wilson Loria is a translator, a writer and the editor of Samba, a newsletter dedicated to Brazilian arts in the US.
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Christina and Paulo Coelho. '
the States, but this success is nothing if not Paulo Coelho owns the best seller list in worldwide. The Alchemist has topped the best Brazil. Really. A couple of months ago, if seller lists in 4rance, Spain, and Australia, was you'd have picked up the Folha de Silo Paulo recently publ'shed in Japan, has been optioned (the biggest newspaper in Brazil, with more for film by Warner Brothers, and in September than one million copies), you'd have noticed it will be released by a major publishing house four of Coelho's titles among the top ten ficin Italy. So, a though he lives in Rio de Janeiro tion, and one title —just to rub things in — on with his wife, Christina, Coelho has become, by the top ten non-fiction list. 0 Alquimista, in necessity if n t by choice, a globe trotter of the particular, has been like a starfish on a rock; for first order. five years no one has been able to pry it off the The three of us sat down together in Los charts, and in South America alone it has sold Angeles rece tly as Coelho began an extensive over two million copies. US tour that ill take him across the country Harper San Francisco has just released the and even int Canada. I'd met the Coelhos paperback edition of 0 Alquimista, in English twice in 199 , when Paulo was here to talk The Alchemist: A Fable About Following Your about The Alchemist afDream (177 pp., $10), as well ter it was first published as Coelho's re-packaged first in English, and so the work, The Pilgrimage: A Con"It doesn't matter which following interview was temporary Quest for Ancient nationality and language we not as impersonal as Wisdom (226 pp., $12), which speak. We share the same many interviews tend to was originally published in ideals, the same passions, be, especially with sothis country (and in Brazil) as the same quests." meone of international the Diary of a Magus. In Sep(Paulo Coelho) stature. tember, The Valkyries: An EnPaulo, I say, when counter with Angels will be you travel to all these different countries — hitting local bookstores. which you seem to do all the time — do you These short and simply written works tend ever have the chance to relax and just sight-see? to combine spiritual and inspirational 'new "There are moments, yes; and there are age' ingredients with distinct fairy tale qualimoments when it is impossible. Right now in ties, much like The Little Prince. They're 'feel the United States it will be impossible. I arrived good about yourself' books, but they're also on Saturday evening [we met Monday morncharming, thoughtful, and easy to read. ing]. Yesterday I went to walk around and I Coelho has yet to become a big sensation in NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
35
knew that it would be my only free day during this tour. I tried to profit as much as I could." Harper San Francisco's got him on a tight leash, all right. "My itinerary is that thick," Coelho says, indicating an imaginary portfolio about an inch deep. For example, minutes after our talk concluded he was appearing in France — via satellite — to receive a writing award. Coelho grumbles a bit, but then who enjoys waking up at five o'clock to catch a plane? Nonetheless, "This is very exciting," he states matter-of-factly; "This is a unique moment in my life and I try to live it with as much intensity as I can." It's exciting, I say, but I'm sure that sometimes whenyou sit back and think about it, it must be very surreal, too? Coelho acknowledges that the ramifications of his success are beyond his grasp. He says he does not dare to think about it or try to explain it, because "Either I'll be fearful or very proud, and very dangerous things. It's better to keep a
Master of oneself How Petrus shows the author and its readers the path to self enlightenment and reining in the moment. BONDO VVYSZPOLSKI
The Pilgrimage, by Paulo Coelho, translated by Alan R. Clark ($12 paper, Harper San Francisco, 226 PP.)
-Even it' I were not able to find my sword,- writes Paulo Coelho, -The pilgrimage along the Road to Santiago was going to help me find myself.' Ile 700-kilometer trek between the French city of Saint-Jean-Pied-dePort and the Spanish cathedral of Santiago de Compostela was undertaken by the author several years ago, and became the inspiration for the first of his many books to be published in Brazil. Coelho's US publisher has re-re36
distance. To be aware of things, but never to lose your innocence." It's an important point, because we all know that fame can often exact a terrible price. "The danger exists," Coelho admits. "I hope to keep my innocence intact. Of course I'm not dumb, I know that I'm a big business and there are those sides of business that I have to be very aware of. But up to now I think I have kept a naiveté." In other words, he's not jaded yet. What about the depletion of energy? Evenpopular rock' n'roll artists aren't on the road this long. "I've been touring for almost two years. I started in 1993 with Australia, Argentina, Chile and the United States, and from that moment on I didn't stop." He did have two months to himself in Brazil last summer. "But this was all. I've been touring all over the world, all the time." Apart from the energy it demands, it must also take away from your time to write?
leased it to coincide with the paperback edition of The ..1lchemist, as well as to herald the impending hardcover publication of I idAyries: An Encounter with Angels.
Without going into the order of RAM, the magical sect in which Coelho aspires to become proficient, I'll simply say that the author's -adventure of traveling towards the unknown" is both literal and metaphysical, or physical and spiritual. As befitting any novice who seeks enlightenment, Coelho is assigned a guide: During the course of their few weeks together, Pettis shows the author several mental exercises to increase his self-mastery in different areas. The reader, too, is invited to use these formulas for personal enrichment. The book's simplicity — it has a soft, soothing, quiet tone —works well in its favor. The search, as fable-like searches tend to be, is open to everyone who is receptive, willing, and patient. The real goal, of course, is trie journey itself: Mastering the present moment carries us to our heart's desire. It's a message that appears in The Alchemist as well. Petrus, who is closer to Castaileda's Don Juan than to Dante's Virgil, tells the author that "When you are moving towards an objective, it is very important to pay attention to the road." Heed the signs, the omens, he says. We walk the
road; later, the road walks us. This concept seems to echo Eugen Herrigers Zen in the Art of Archerv [with the archer 'becoming' the arrowl, as well as Miyamoto Musashi's A Book of Five Rings.
Two other primary themes arise. One, we must fight the good tight; do not be deterred by fear from setting out to achieve what you desire. Two, follow your dreams (there's a well put inspirational pep-talk on pages 50-52). Coelho tells us that often people don't pursue their dreams because they wouldn't know what to do with them if they achieved them, and that many times people will stay with what they have, however detrimental, only because it's familiar to them. The Pilgrimage — chockfull of sagacious one-liners — gently addresses these issues. I tend to prefer The Alchemist, and feel that The Pilgrimage is simply more of the same. My friend Kari, to whom I gave both books, red them back to back and says she prefers them equally. We did, however agree that they are uplifting and easy to digest, and will likely appeal to a wide audience. NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
Coelho agrees. "But you know, in Brazil we passions, tlie same quests." have a saying, 'When it needs to, the frog can One re son for Coelho's international jump.' The same thing goes success may be that word-of-mouth occafor me. I thought at the beginsionally transcends national borders, espening that I could only write in cially in Europe where one country's best my office with my desktop seller list is carefully eyed by another. And computer, and then I discovsometimes international travelers will come ered that this is not true, that back from a far-off land with tales of a I could do it wherever I am." particular book, thus arousing some interHe illustrates this by sayest in it before the translation has been ing that he'd once had the completed. notion of going up to the When you travel the world, do people mountains, sitting in front of ever expect you to be a spokesman, not a tranquil lake, and composonly for the books you write, but for other ing inspired prose. However, "I never, never Brazilian writers who are not as well known? could work like this," because the external "I don't think so, " Coelho replies, "Bestimulus is missing. He says he wrote his first cause to begin with my four books in Brazil, "with the fax and the books are not typical Braphone ringing, and my friends calling me; and zilian literature. Nonethethen I can write a book. But if I go — and I've less, I hope I can open the tried this, of course — to a fantasy landscape doorforBrazilian writers... with mountains and loneliness and time to In a certain way, I've profwrite, then I can do nothing. Nothing at all." ited from the situation of Which isn't all bad. Because when SepJorge Amado." tember rolls around, Coelho will be on the In the United States, world-circuit once again: Italy, Japan, the Amado remains the best Scandinavian countries, and probably back to known Brazilian author — .4 the US to promote The Valkyries. "But, like and I like to think I've the shepherd in The Alchemist," Coelho says, helped to sustain the momentum in some "I'm still on a constant pilsmall way, having written grimage through life." about The War ofthe Saints The Alchemist, for the Los Angeles Times If he seems a bit tired an excerpt: bn the morning we meet, — but lesser known figures like Rubem Fonseca, it's probably the jet lag That night, the boy slept (there's six hours differIgnacio de Loyola Brandeeply, and, when he awoke, his ence between Rio and dAo, Moacyr Scliar, Joao heart began to tell him things Ubaldo Ribeiro, and the L.A.), but overall his spirthat came from the Soul of the late Osman Lins — are also its seem just fine: He's up World. It is said that all people and in for the long haul. worth reading. who are happy have God within "I'm a fan, I'm a grou"This is the only way that them. And that happiness could be found in a grain of sand from pie of Jorge Amado," I have to contact my readthe desert, as the alchemist had ers, to get in touch with Coelho admits, "because said. Because a grain of sand is a people. This is the best he's very, very important moment Of creation, and the unithing about the job. You for us." verse has taken millions of years are never a foreigner, you Not only that, Amado to create it. -Everyone on earth are always there because stood up for and defended has a treasure that awaits him,' your book was there beCoelho against unfavorhis heart said. We, people's hearts, seldom siy much about fore you and it shows able and harsh criticism. those treasures, because people people who you are. And "Even with these very no longer want togo in search of then when you go there tough reviews," he says, "I them. you have `soulmates' to acquired an immense pubWe speak of them only to meet and to talk with." lic that grows and grows. children. Later, we simply let Your book is like a calling Today I've sold nearly life proceed, in its own direccard, I tell him. Coelho four-and-a-half million tion, towards its own fate. But, unfortunately, very few follow laughs. "Exactly," he says. copies of my books. This the path laid out for them — the "To see my book doing has never happened in Brapath to their destinies, and to well in several different zilian literature. I'm very happiness. Most people see the countries, it shows that proud of my country and world as a threatening place, and, there are things that we my people, because I'm not because they do, the world turns share, that we are the same. one who had to go abroad out, indeed, to be a threatening It doesn't matter which to be recognized." Place. nationality and language In your books there's we speak. We share the same ideals, the same sometimes a sense of the future, a glimpse of NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
37
things to come. price of your dream.' I always try to focus on "I believe neither in the importance of the this because this is my personal quest also. future nor in the importance of the past, past lives "In my books, I'm very attentive to the and that; I don't believe this. I do believe in the signs." Indeed, there's an omen every few present - that we can change either the past or the pages or so in both of his translated words, and future. woe to the one who ignores them. These signs "Perhaps my characters foresee things, but don't always make logical sense, Coelho says, they know that all these things are linked to the and we may have to rely mostly on our sixth way that they were going to behave in the present. sense, our intuition." In any case, I think that the present is our gift. It is "This is important for us," he emphasizes, the most important part of our life and we can "To be aware of all the signs around. Even if change any future that we have if we live the they don't have logic they are most powerpresent intensely." ful." Coelho's reAs if on cue, mark reminds me several people of Octavio Paz, in "This is the best thing about my job. enter the lobby particular his You are never a foreigner, you are where the three of 1990 Nobel Lecalways there because your book was us have been sitthere before you and it shows people ture, published as ting alone. Alwho you are. And then when you go In Search of the though they are there you have `soulmates' to meet and Present. As Paz not literally ejecto talk with." writes, "The prePaulo Coelho ting us from the sent is the source room, the sound of presences." of scraping chairs Are your and shuffling feet clearly unbalances the equiother books, or those you're planning to create, librium we've attained during the course of along the same lines as The Alchemist and The our hour long conversation. Christina, Paulo, Pilgrimage? and I smile and laugh and look at one another "They are not the same," Coelho answers, "But I always focus on this message of 'Be faithful to with knowing glances. This was a sign, all your dream, and fight for your dream, and pay the right. It was time to go.
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NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
39
Bahia is Brazil's most d'Ajuda for a hipper, less developed beach scene. To historic state, and has retained strong links with its really escape civilization African heritage. Its capiyou can go to the beaches tal, Salvador da Bahia, was up north around Conde. The inland regions of also the capital of colonial Brazil from 1549 to 1763 Bahia are less well known, and the center of the sugar but are well worth a visit if economy which sustained you want a change from the country's prosperity beaches. Cachoeira and until the 18th-century deLencois are both interestcline in international sugar ing colonial towns. Lenceis prices. The state of Bahia provides a handy base for hiking trips inside the Pardivides into three quite distinct regions: the reconque Nacional da Chapada We will have to return many cavo, the sena° and the Diamantina. Travelers litoral (littoral). times to start to tell a little about might also like to explore the bizarre moonscapes of The reconcavo is a band the swing, the mistery, the the sertao, where the Sertaof hot and humid lands fascination of Bahia. nejos have maintained a which surrounds the Baia rich culture despite the de Todos os Santos. The poor environment. principal cities are Cachoeira, Santo Amaro, MaraFolk Art - Bahia has gojipe and Nazare, which some of Brazil 's best artiwere once sugar and tosans, who usually have bacco centers and the small shops or sell in the source of wealth for Salvador. local market. You can buy their folk art in The serteio is a vast and parched land on which a Salvador, but the best place to see or purchase the real stuff is in the town of origin because so suffering people eke out a meager existence raising cattle much of the production is regional and specialand scraping the earth. Periodically, tremendous droughts, ized. such as the great drought of 1877 to 1879, sweep the land. The main materials used in Bahian folk art Thousands of Sertanejos pile their belongings on their are leather, wood, earth, backs and migrate south metal and fiber. Feira or anywhere they can de Santana is known for find jobs. But with the its leatherwork: the best first hint of rain in the examples are in the city sertao, the Sertanejos 's Casa do Sertffo folkreturn to renew their lore museum. Maragostrong bond with this jipinho, Rio Real and land. Cachoeira produce earThe litoral, south of thenware. Caldas do Salvador, with beauJorro, Caldas de Cip6 tiful, endless beaches, and Itaparica specialize is a cacao producing region and there are imin straw crafts. Rio de Contas and Muritiba portant cities like Vahave metalwork. Ilha de lenca, Ilheus and ItaMare is famous for buna. North of Salvador the coast is only sparsely lacework. Jequie, Vapopulated with a few lenca, and Feira de fishing villages. The Santana are woodworking centers. Santo Antosouthern beaches are calm, while the northnio de Jesus, Rio de ern beaches are often windy with rough surf. Contas and Monte Santo Salvador is a fascinating city loaded with colonial manufacture goods made of leather and silver. relics - including many richly decorated churches, one Religion - Much of Bahian life revolves for every day of the year according to popular belief. You around the Afro-Brazilian religious cults known should also take the time to explore outside Salvador and as Candomble. To the Christian observer visit the smaller cities, towns and fishing villages in Candomble provides a radically different view Bahia, where life is unaffected by tourism and even less of the world. It is also a medium for cultivating affected by the 20th century. African traditions -music, dance, and language If beaches are what you want, the only difficulty is - into a system that aims to worship and enjoy choosing. You can go to Porto Seguro for beaches with life in peace and harmony. fancy hotels and restaurants or cross the river to Arraial Much of Candomble is secret - it was pro-
Bahia, ah! (Part I)
The land where Brazil started
40
NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
hibited in Bahia until 1970 - but the public ceremony, conducted in the original Yoruba tongue, takes place M a terreiro. In Salvador, Casa Branca on Avenida Vasco da Gama, 463, in the Engenho Velho neighborhood is the center for Candomble.
Capoeira
An Evening of Candomble The nide de santo or pal de santo runs the service. The ntie pequena is entrusted with the training of priestesses: twojilhas de santo. one a girl over seven cars of age. the other a girl under seven. The initiates are called ohion. On the morning of a day dedicated to a specific orixa. celebration commences with an animal sacrifice. Only initiates may attend this service. Later in the afternoon the pude ceremony is held to attract the attention of Exu: and this is followed by chanting for the orixeis, which is accompanied by alabes (atahaque drummers) The long evening of Candomble in Casa Branca. Salvador's oldest terreiro. is quite an experience. The men drum complex and powerful African rhythms. The women dress in lace and hooped skirts. dance slowly, and chant in the Yoruba language. The terreiro is female dominated. Only the women dance. and only they enter a state of trance. the principal goal of the ceremony. The men play supporting roles. The dance is very African. with slow, graceful hand motions. swaying hips and light steps. When the trance strikes one dancer she shakes and writhes while assistants embrace and support her. Other dancers also fall into a trance while dancing. Sometimes. spectators even go into trances, which is discouraged. The festival I witnessed was for Omolu. the feared and respected orixa of plague and disease. He is worshipped only on Mondays and ° his Christian syncretic counterpart is either St. Lazarus or St. Roque. His costume consists of straw belt encrusted with seashells, straw maSk, cape and dress to cover his face and body which have been disfigured by smallpox. When dancers have received the spirit of Omolu in their trance. some leave the floor. They return shortly with someone who represents Omolu: a figure covered from head to toe in long straw-like strands. The dancing resumes. Although the congregants of Casa Branca are friendly and hospitable. they don't orient their practice to outsiders. Several Westerners attend. and many White Brazilians are members. After the ceremony the guests are invited to the far end of the house for sweets and giant cakes - one is decorated like the Brazilian flag.
r-0
NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
Capocira is an Africwtna:rAi e c,9 slaves to fight their oppressors. Prohibitedl'b slave-maste rs, capoeira was banished fromthe4A±a s,lyeP,417.racks)1,44, e eticed clandestinel '"oe ater, in an a kfq,disguie cap*q—e040 e authorities it w e., Ploped into a kind-0 c,„ atic dance* The clapfir g of hands ary,pluck4ing of the e 'fi:shing rodlike , instru 4w itenoltillriginally k‘e ert fighteret -th ' quenfly became ''1-.,4e,,,,,aPP,FR#1 ,, • . , - •1.1.-cif fitco: t PLhe_eb,doasnsctil-rto a . tain the rhythm. . , Ne tly As rec „ n as the '1929 , cap#Ora,was still ' e 4,alv ado r' s poliO'ichiefilg -" Pr° v3os squad to ban caepsoteaihrlaisfreordn h streets.nIgnlatnhnadel ' Mestre Bimba 4academy z its ,ao3i) .6 . Ic sei01dn hi: , .t,g hi :: changed the emphasi,ofi..0,apoe r , f unction as a toottf"-surrection, ' ola' ..,9f artistic „ expreS'Sliiti'x'" y/„. , ch has 1i.i become an institution in Bahia''' , twoT: ° LaYc schools v a pOof:,' ir*re7Laj Angola 'P rcias: tit111';e: and dn ytthe r!7 nsO'ierr:i 1 •aggressive Capoeira -Regional of Mestre 13imba. The former schqplholds thatcapoeira 'came froriii,' A gola, the latter believes that itvàsom in the plantatioat‘, Cacboeira sittes,o the,:cc nc region 097.Fira once. tsh:flOi : adfig t att movements are rc iaelsa ci ways fluid circular, ,rPag:stel,d hit n:16;:Paelcwrfauyls. PItla:C"% Pe pu4,1:74::,'7793-AS v e rYs lt'iltlijihg.&iinii°Y c a r and ibi t Bahia and Brazil you will see roda de cap of spectatormusicians who sing the initial chula before the fight and provide Excerpts from Brazil 40-tliePercussion dur.1 Travel Survival Kit the figit. In ad2nd edition. dition to niRsical acby Andrew Draffen. 4C9mpaninient with Deanna Swaney rs are exand Robert Strauss. For ngepq,the beat more information call o qther instruments, Lonely Planet: (800) 275suctas caxixi, pan8555. Copyright 1992 detp.reco-reco, Lonely Planet Publications. agogo, and ata aUsed by permission. gue. 41
espite its delirious beat and reputation as being a tropical tune intended to entertain and give sensual pleasure, reggae has mostly een a protest music. Its name most likely comes from e way Jamaicans pronounce ragged (as in clothing) ind it originated among the oppressed Jamaican poor. This tradition lives on in Brazil through a handful of new bands who are starting to hit the airwax es and the nation's consciousness. Mind you, reggae is not a marginal or new phenomenon in Brazil. Several big MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) composers such as Gilberto Gil have penned reggae-flavored tunes, but the social-criticism sting is something more recent. tang..(frorn Bahia) Daniela Mercury, composer singer, from reggae's softer side too, has become and V=8` Iernational phenomenon in the last few years to 2 million records in her samba-reggae cr known as axe music. c newest and most popular groups explor4e mother lode are from distinct'arts of ly know each other and have a very independent work. me Naaeet9 is from Bahia, 0 Rappa was boni'iRiô, and Papas da Lingua has its origin in Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul state. Their common trait is their social conscience that's translated into their heavily political lyrics which talk about poverty, drugs, lack of perspective, police harassment. "Fogo Cruzado" ("Cross Fire") from the Rappa, for example, says, "No gueto o medo Elude e seduz Corn o poder da cocaina Quem comanda o sucesso Das bocas de fumo da esquina. Mcq a favela nao e nide da dávida letal." etto fear deceives and seof cocaine ho command the success nier joint spot. lum is not mother thal doubt.") s comes on the heels of another less caustieggaeple which is a big hit in Brazil thanks to bands like Skank and Cidade Negra. In another proof that no region detain the monopoly of the new rhythm, the Skank became famous despite its origin: Minas Gerais, a state which hasn't made a big splash in music since Milton Nascimento 's Clube da Esquina. The Cidade Negra, from the poor-class neighborhood of Rio's Belford Roxo, has been living on the fast lane playing more than 20 shows every month since they signed up with Sony. Their "Onde Voce Mom" ("Where You Live"), the first single to be released from their third and latest album Sobre Todas as Forcas (Over All the Forces), is a big hit. Sony imposed some changes after their second 'album, Negro no Poder (Black in Power) bombed. "We were misunderstood in that album," says the
Adding strong lyrics to catchy reggae sounds and mixing them with lively Brazilian rhythms, some bands from Brazil are filling up dance halls, getting gold records, and giving some lessons on protest.
band's percussionist. L o. He accuses, refusing to cite names, some radios of boycotting their music due to racism. Toni Garrido, the new crooner of the group, has also given a new (Erection to Cidade Negra not ont commercial1 but also politically. He and his colldãgues ieto talk about ot awaren4s, awareness, mainly thei rica ed girls. Wilie "We don't use our ee ling of peace interested in transmitti ae•Ao harmony. That's the mes energy," says Garrido. Skank has also become on usto after having found a niche„ n Brazil's pop, mast . :(14,4 charts by financing themselves th4,4291 moi album, which became a golden than 100,000 copies. ease,Catang For the second work ree6011 'd" (Lizard), the arnbition to get 'p =In was ‘ati tied in just a few months. Skabas'made a ric '
42
NEwsiromaRAzt -Jay 1995
Esmola
Alms
Skunk's
Samuel Rosa & Chico AmaTal CZIIISadO. Melt bt)111. de dar esmola 1.:ssa cota miseravel de a \ areia Sc o pa is nao for pra cada tun Pode estar certo Nao \ set pra Ile-
111111M
I'm tired, in good man, of giving alms 1 his miserable share of a \ arice If the country isn't for every one You can be sure \\ ill be for no one
Nadegueto
Through the Streets
As camas de coildeli) ainda ttl'in as marcas Dos sonhos mutilados petit Imo da lei () risco e tudo 0 que Illes resta nessa vida I: a vida nao vale o preco da submissao
The concrete bed still have the marks Of dreams mut dated 11\ force 01 law (...) Risk is all that life left them \\ ith And life isn't worth the price of submission
Pelas Ruas
Todo camburao tern urn pouco de navio negreiro o Rappa's Marcelo Yuca
Every paddy wagon has a little of slave ship
segurava coin l'orya a chibata kgora usa far& 1 .:n2atilha a macaca escolhe sempie primeiro Negro pra passar nil re \ ista •I'odo camburao tent nm pOlICO )e n.ivio negreiro
Who used to hold forcibl\ the whip Now w ears uniform Cocks the shotgun And always chooses the first !flack to frisk for \\ capons 1: ver:1/4 pa dd \ wagon has a little Of slave ship
Democracy papas da 1.ingtia - s
Democracy
Leo Henkin Muito 01110 se achava pot aqui Mas no in undo e que Ie brilha \ a quern \ ive na terra tatropi )e pobreia e preittica se cala .)esse c ulto a miseria iii cansei :antu a vo/ da menira outra Ve/
IEVVS from BRAZIL -JULY 1995
\\ as plenty of gold over here ilut in the world it used to shine Ile who lives in the tropical land With po ert \ and la/Mess. keeps quiet There
" Wired of this misen cult )nce again the he's voice sings
salad of rhythms, mixing reggae to Northeastern bald° and Minas 's calango (a Mineiro version for Alagoas' coco de embolada) and the band seems to have survived without scars the attacks accusing them of exploitative middle-class white men taking advantate of black music. Calango is irresistible in the dance hall, but has also its socially conscious lyrics, as in "A Cerca" ("The Fence") in which two bumpkins fight for a piece of land or "Pacato Cidad5o" ("Easy-going Citizen") which is a homage to Paul McCartney's "Let'Em In." The theme here is the marginalized poor who cannot eat in the same restaurants and go to the same parties as the more privileged citizens. The rap, another protest music, has never got the status given the reggae and has been mostly confined to poorer neighborhoods. Being more moderate, the reggae musicians have been able to please the middle class who buys records , and the media which promotes them. Salvador's (Bahia) Nedegueto, formed by a group of musicians who used to play for axe-music biggest stars, is an example of moderation. "0 futuro é uma vaidade/ Daqueles que nasceram corn bem-estar", ("The future is a luxury/ For those who were born under a lucky star"), they sing in "Pelas Ruas" ("Through the Streete). The Papas da Lingua make their protest using history and some didacticism as inAllisica para Dan car (Music for Dancing) in which they present some pressing questions: "Discutir a quest& da pobreza/ Debater a questeio da miseria/ Repensar a questeio dos mendigos/ Resolver a questa° dos meninos ("To discuss the poverty question/ To debate the misery question/ To rethink the mendicants question/ To solve que children's questioe). Despite all the moderation the songs' sting, however, can still cause some commotion. Rappa's lyrics, for example, talk about torture, social walls, and politicians who ask for votes in the favela and in the next day send the police to beat those living there.
Play ing in a quiet different field there's a group of musicians whose forte arc the risque ty ries. whose main intention is not to protest. but to shock and to cause polemic. The most successful band exploring this side of music is called Raimundos. They have sold close to 200.000 records. and is based in Brasilia. Brazils capital. Their suggestive and vulgar lyrics haven't prevented the FMs across the country to repeatedly play a campy tune called "Selim" ("Bike seal) which says. Lii queria .ter o banquinho da hicieleta Pra ficar hem no mei() das pernas E smith- .veu dims suar Eu queria set- rt calcinha (baud(' lumina Pra flewr he,,, pert() rht vagina E as vezes ale molhar.-
- I wish I were the bicycle scat To stay there between the legs And to feel you anus sweating I wish I were the panties of that girls To stay so close to the vagina And even get wet sometimes" In "Puteiro cm Joao Pessorl ("Whorehouse in Joilo Pessoa") they tell the story of a young boy s sexual initiation and paint the prostitute he meets as a third rate human being: "Era ulna quenga ledorenta 1)aquelas das mais nojenta .1Ias se tact' tido agitenta l'ocri; a leva pant it quarto "She was a stinking whore One of those most repulsive But that you take to bed When y on can't wait an moreTo sell their album released last year. the Raimundos had a Promotion giving a CD to any One who would be able to say how many four letter words their I6-track disc contained. No one in the band knew it.
43
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ou escreva: 139 Brighton Ave. Allston, MA 02134 NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
Brazilian Notas SCOTT ADAMS
Pianist Bill Cunliffe's first foray into the world of contemporary Brazilianjazz comes in the form of his new Discovery release Bill In Brazil. In a country where guitar players seem to flow like water, the piano's natural acoustic timber has come to enhance the compelling melodic qualities of contemporary Brazilian instrumental music. Cunliffe obviously enjoy what he does. Both the album art and liner notes make it abundantly clear that whatever else may have been a concern in recording this album, having a good time wasn't one of them. And it's our good fortune to enjoy the satisfying results.
meo appearance, along with percussionist Paulinho da Costa, pianistMarcos Aridl and drummers Joe La Barbera and Alex Acuria. Bill In Brazil strikes just the right balance between creative whimsy and musical wisdom. Cunliffe's forte is his melodic development and tonal texturing, both in the six original songs included here, as well as with his improvisational skill. Bill Cunliffe's delicate shading on Paul Simon's "She Moves On" provides a striking contrast to the solo which follows, and Cunliffe's reflective reading on Cactano Veloso's "Saudosismo" is the perfect invitation to a Brazilian romp through his own "Samba Feliz."
fying elements that help to create an album overflowing with great music. All in all, Bill Cunliffe's new Discovery album Bill In Brazil is a fine effort, waiting to provide you with more excitement than, s y, forgetting to pick up visa for your next Brazili n trip.
Whenword of axophonistJoe Henderso 's Double Rainbow project for Verve reached our desk little over a year ago, we were immediately filled with a strong sense of anticipa ion. After all, Henderson s lyrical tenor play has raced the American jazz cene for over 30 years, a has propelled him to th pinnacle of success in t e music world. He's recet ed GramWhile Cunliffe's origi- my awards for B st Jazz Innal material is predictably strumental Solo and Best jazzier, his sense of balance Jazz Instrumental Perforalways dictates the results. mance, Small Group, and Songs such as "Long Time has been voted #1 Tenor Coming" with guitarist Saxophonist, #1 Jazz Artist, Ricardo Silveira, and "Lc- and #1 Jazz Album by the Recorded both in Los blon" are sure to become readers of Downbeat magaAngeles and Rio de Janeiro, favorites, and his covers of zine for his chart topping Cunliffe's roll call of mu- classics such as Antonio albums. And Brazil has sician's for this project Carlos Jobim's "Surf- played its part. helped to insure the album's board", Luis Bonfa's "GenIt was Joe Henderson quality. Guitarist Oscar tle Rain" and "Cast Your Castro-Neves makes a ca- Fate to the Wind" are satis- who recorded with Flora Purim in 1974 on her landmark Butterfly Dreams al09oe firtle t rion .9. bum. It was Henderson who traveled to Rio de Janeiro 2olf tie 19 years later to participate I) aTHREE-TIME GRAMMY AWARD JOE HENDERSON in a special trib te concert winner and a DOWN BEAT TRIPLE CROWN winner two to Tom Jobim. nd it was consecutive years in both the readers and critics' polls. Henderson who tood cenClose to artistic genius as razz gets " ter stage with Job im at NEW YORK TIMES • Carnegie Hall 1 ss than a TA MUSIC OF ANTONIO CARLOS JOBINI year later to perf rm "Desafinado" with the omposer, O(3 during Verve's 0th Anniversary Concert. That perrio atlantica hotel Your home away from honte. o rm a nc e became the inspiration for Double ainbow, hich with ijhe passing f Jobim 011-55.21 255-6332 tel. ecame a
lasting musical tribute made possible only through Joe Henderson's musical perspective and producer Richard Seidel's passion for the music. Double Rainbow contains no fewer than 12 of Jobim's finest, recorded in two distinct musical settings. The first, "Joe/Braz/ Jobim" features pianist Eliane Elias, bassist Nico Assunciio, drummer Paulo Braga and co-producer/guitarist Oscar Castro-Neves. The Brazilian touch is unmistakable. Songs such as "Felicidade," "Dreamer" and "Once I Loved" provide a solid base for Joe Henderson's expansive tone and clever improvisation. "Joe/ Jazz/Jobim" finds Henderson teamed with Herbie Hancock (piano), Christian McBride (bass) and Jack DeJonette (drums) in a series of stronger, straight ahead Covers that includes "Triste," "Chega de Saudade" "Portrait in Black and White" and "Passarim." But no matter which setting becomes your favorite, the underlying theme ofDouble Rainbow is carried by Joe Henderson's uncanny ability to get to the heart (and soul) of Jobim's music.
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NEWS from BRAZIL -JULY 1995
No other hotel in Rio de Janeiro better understands the needs of the American traveller than the Rio Atlantica Hotel. An English speaking staff an inspiring view of the Tropical Atlantic with your choice of well-appointed rooms and spacious suites to make your visit to Rio de Janeiro truly memorable. And you're in the center alit all.. Copacabana! Whenyou're halfa wuridauay its nice to brow that you have a home awayfrom home. Call (708) 292-45.3 for a "guided tour of our world-claso accomodationst
"Jobim had a profound effect on the way I proceed with melodies" said Henderson. "I'll be forever indebted to him for that. I feel that there's a side of me that bossa nova appeals to, a real soft side. When we recorded those tracks, I felt really at peace with myself, and with the world around me." You can sample both of these new releases by calling The Brazilian Music Review Listener Line 24 hours a day at (708) 292-4545. Available at Tower Music stores, nationwide. 45
I
TI
Carlo (a Joaqurna with Severcid Mafoo flTT
Banheiro - The conversation in a bathroom reveals the little secrets of a New Year's Eve celebration. Written by Pedro Vicente, directed by Johana Albuquerque. In Sdo Paulo. Corra que Papai Vent al - A gay man has his life disturbed when his father decides to make him an unannounced visit. By Ron Clark and Sam Bobrick. Directed by Ary Fontoura.In Rio. Gigalmesh - Director Antunes Filho has based this on a poem of same name. Gigalmesh, a semi-god is beautiful as his mother (a goddess) but mortal as his father (a mere man). Luis Melo plays the hero. In Sao Paulo. Kean - Alexander Dumas's story about actor Edmund Kean through the eyes of French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Brazilian version adapted by Maria Adelaide Amaral. Aderbal Freire directs. In Sao Paulo 0 Livro de Jo - Based on the Bible, it discusses divine intervention and God's power. Directed by Antonio Araajo. In Sao Paulo. Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procura - Miguel Falabella, who wrote the text, plays all 17 characters of this comical monologue. In Rio. Nas Raias da Lou cura - Name inspired by interpreter Claudia Ram. Lyrics by Silvio de Abreu and directed by a Rodrix. In Rio. Noites de Cabrita - Comedy directed by Bibi Ferreira. The Cabrita from the title is actress Marcia Cabrita who is the interpreter of the monologue. In Rio. Trair e Cocar E SO Comecar A loony maid makes life miserable for her bosses. In Sao Paulo. Yerma - Federico Garcia`',.. Lorca's play criticizing false:. moralism and painting a scary tableau of humankind. Eduardo Wotzik directs. With Clarice Niskier and Camila Amado. In Rio. 46
Fiction
Movies
American films just released: French Kiss (Surpresas ,do Coracao), In the Mouth of Madness (A Beira da Loucura), .Combination Platter (Prato Feito), The Hunted (Marcado para Morrer), Die Hard with a Vengeance (Duro de Matar - A Vinganca), Naked in New York (Nu em Nova lorque), Murder in the First Degree (Assassinato em Primeiro Grau) Miami Rhapsody (Casos e Casamentos). Before de Rain (Antes da Chuva) - France - (1994) - Conflicts among a monk, a publisher and a photographer. Carlota Joaquina - Princesa do Brazil Brazil - (1994) - Directed by Carla Camurati, it tells the story of Dom Joao VI's wife. La Chasse aux Papillons (Cap as Borboletas) - France - (1992) - Directed by Otar Iosseliani. The world seen through the eyes of two women who are against progress. Gazon Maudit (Uma Cama para Tres) France - (1995) - The arrival of a woman shakes the foundation of a happy marriage. Directed by Josiane Balasko. Muriel's Wedding(0 Casamento de Muriel) - Australia - (1994) - Muriel is an ABBA avid fan who dreams of being rescued from her boring life by a prince charming. Le Parfum de Ivonne (Perfume de Ivonne) - France (1994) - Love and friendship in the 50s among three vulnerable people. Los Peores Alios de Nuestra Vida (Os Piores Anos de Nossas Vidas) Spain - (1994) Two brothers dispute the heart of Antunes nolo in lovely Maria. With 'games Gabino Diego.
1. Pelas Portas do Coracdo Zibia Gasparetto (Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 2. Violetas na Janela Zibia Gasearetto(Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 3. A Profecia Celestina James Radfield (Objetiva) 4. Laps Eternos Zibia Gasparetto (Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 5. Na Margem do Rio Piedra Eu Sentei e Chorei Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 6. Comedias da Vida Privada 101 Cronicas Escolhidas Luis Fernando Verissimo (L&PM) 7. A Ilha do Dia Anterior Umberto Eco (Record) 8. Nada Dura para Sempre Sidney Sheldon (Record) 9. Cisnes Selvagens Jung Chang (Companhia das Letras) 10. 0 Alquimista Paulo Coelho (Rocco)
Nonfiction 1. 0 Guia dos Curiosos Marcelo Duarte - (Companhia das Letras) 2. Anjos Cabalisticos Monica Buonfiglio - (Oficina Cultural Esoterica) 3. A Magia dos Anjos Cabalisticos - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 4. 0 Povo Brasileiro Darcy Ribeiro - (Companhia das Letras) 5. ChatO - o Rei do Brasil Fernando Morais - (Companhia das Letras) 6. Como Enlouquecer a sua Mlle - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 7. Maud, Empresdrio do Imperio Jorge Caldeira (Companhia das Letras) 8. Dez Anos no Mar Familia Schurman (Record) 9. Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 10. Quarenta - a Idade da Loba Regina Lemos (Globo) NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
ALL THE NUMBERS
BLAK PRIDE Brazilian'T oots USA, a Washington-based group interested in promoting the union and mutual understanding of blacks from the Diaspora, is having a field year. In 1995, Brazil, which has the world's second biggest population of people of black ascent (70 million), is celebrating the 300th anniversary of the death of Zumhi. A slave, Zumbi became a liero for the blacks, after running away from his owners and leading Quilombo dos Palmaxes a renegade black republic of runaway' slaves. Brazilian Roots has been promoting Afro-Brazilian celebrations, including Capoc-,tra shows. For those interested in being part of the celebrations being held in Bahia from Auk4st 11 to August 19, the group is organizqig the Zumbi Proj ect '95 Escape to Brazil: The travel package inzludes Rio and Salvador, with visits to Candomble Houses, lectures and meeting with Brazilian black leaders. For more information call (202) 588-0071.
WORD CUP, 1 YEAR Stage for most of the games that led Brazil to the World Cup victory in 1994, the Bay Area in Northern California doesn't want to let the first anniversary of that event go unnoticed. Two dozen Brazilian bands, samba schools and dance groups will be taking part in the celebrations to be held from 12 noon to 9 PM, on July 16 and September 10. Samba, lam bada, batucada, capoeira, maculae, and Brazilian art and crafts, are just some of the events in store for the festivities being promoted by Bahia Cabana Restaurant and Brazilian Cultural Movement. Everybody is being invite .t6-: the free celebration that will happen at Page St. & Franklin St. in Sari Francisco on the Pinking Lot of California Parking Co. In addition to the World Cup, the San Francisco troupe will also be commemorating Independence Day, celebrated on September 7 in Brazil. NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1995
When December comes, Brazilians and all those living in the US, whose mother language is Portuguese, will have their own national guide. The directory, being prepared by a Miami-based company called I)iretOrio de Lingua Portuguesa, Inc., promises to be the most-comprehensive list of Portuguese language businesses ever assembled in the United States. The ambitious project to be called Nosso Ciuia is being developed bv Jacqueline Desilio, a Brazilian with vast experience on the field of publicity and advertising. People from Brazil, Portugal, Angola, Mocambique, Cabo Verde, Guine Bissau and Silo Tome e Principe. all will be present. In addition to all the listings and telephones, Noss° Guru will include information on every country in which Portuguese is spoken as well as on every state of the US. ,"Our main goal,- says Desilio, "is tormify and to inform all of us who speak Portuguese and live in the United States, as well as those who come for a visit to the States.- More info? Call (305) 972-3427.
11
STRING TALENT Preceded by the praise of no other than Djavan, who said, "I le is inspired and eloquent. Now his time has come and he is ready,- 13ratilian guitar virtuoso Torcuato Mariano is being released in the US again. Again because this, Last Look, is his second Cl) for Menlo-Park (CA) based Windham I lill Records. Talking about this latest work. Mariano himself explains the changes he went through in the last few years, "I am taking a much more professional look at composing, arranging and musicianship. Last Look reflects this change by objectively taking my music into a new and more mature dimension." This is an author record. From the ten tracks only one (Tom Jobim's "Dindi-) is not his composition. Want to know more? Call (800) 888-8544.
Learn Another Language or Your Own! Learn to speak a foreign language fluently on your own and at your own pace with what are considered the finest in-depth courses available. Many were developed by the Foreign Service Institute ofthe U.S. Department of State for diplomatic personnel who must learn a language quickly and thoroughly. Emphasis is on learning to speak and to understand the spoken language. A typical course (equivalent to a college semester) includes an album of 10 to 12 audio cassettes (10 to 18 hours), recorded by native-born speakers, plus a 250-page textbook. 0 Japanese $185 0 Serbo-Croatian $195 Arabic (Saudi) $185 Cantonese $185 0 Korean $195 0 Slovak $185 French $185 0 Lakota $185 0 Spanish $185 $185 0 Spanish Level II $165 French Level II $215 0 Latvian 0 Lithuanian $135 0 Swahili $225 German $185 0 Maidarin $185 0 Swedish $185 German Level II $155 0 Per ian $185 0 Tagalog $295 $185 Greek 0 Polish $185 0 Thai $195 Hebrew $255 0 Portuguese $215 0 Turkish $195 Hindi (Intermed) $185 Hungarian (Brazilian) 0 Ukrainian $195 $195 $255 0 Vietnamese 0 Rus ian $225 Italian $185 You can order now with a full 3wIeek money-back guarantee, by calling tollfree 1-800-243-1234 or by fax (203)153-9774, or by mail by clipping this ad and sending with your name and address and a check or money order — or charge to any major credit card, by enclosing card number, expiration date, and your signature. Our 60-page Whole World Language Catalog offers courses in 91 languages. Call or write for your free copy. Our 23rd year. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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213 255-8062 NEWS from BRAZIL- JULY 1995
FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET Catering - "We Make Your Party" - Dinners, salad bar, finger food and petit fours. Now cooking frozen food for your busy week. Call (310)438-3415. CLASSES
Computer classes - Groups and private classes. (818) 507-1521. Portuguese classes - Individual & small groups. I'm a native Brazilian instructor with an university degree in languages. Try a free lesson. New groups beginning now. (415) 771-9474. Portuguese lessons - Designed for all levels, in an informal fun atmosphere. The instructor is a native speaker with Master Degree/teaching experience in the US. (415) 33-8859. COOKING
Best Selling Brazilian Cookbook - Delighful Brazilian Cooking by Eng Tie Ang. Over 130 authentic, quick and easy recipes. $14.95, plus $3.00 shipping and handling. P.O. Box 30818 - Seattle, WA 98103 - Phone and Fax (206) 789-3693. ENTERTAINMENT
Exotic samba dancers - Traditional music and dance of Brazil. For clubs, celebrations, etc. Video available. (408) 4642234. Experienced "Brasileiro" Guitarist available to perform Originals, Jazz and Brazilian Music. Call (805) 288-2076. The best Brazilian dance group in San Francisco & Bay Area with the performing experience in movies, clubs and other celebrations. Video available. Call (415) 312-8667. MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS
Jornals e revistas do Brasil. Recebemos jornais charms e todas as principais revistas, incluindo masculmas e femininas, alem de gibis, palavras cruzadas e livros de bolso. Tel. & Fax: (617) 787-0758. Music
Brazilian Music in its totality. Samba, bossa nova, chorinho, baia-o, axe, and more. Merchant Express - (800) 589-5884. NEWS & TV
Call 1-900-255-7045 now or 1NEWS from BRAZIL -JULY 1995
900-AK570IL for the latest Sportsline, news, scores, Tips, Odds, Sports-trivia game on North America's #1 up to the minute best information line. Also can get on same line Stock Market Quotes, Soaps updates, and Horoscopes. Stay Current. $1.98/minute. Must be 18 or older. Sponsored by Aileron Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada 1702-598-2765 if complaints. PERSONAL
American businessman has lived in your country and loves your people, music, & dance. De siresfhendship/romanc e with brasileira between 22-30 years. Interests include yoga, health food, nature. Please write R.B. 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024. American Doctor, male, seeks Brazilian lady, 18-32 for fun and romance. Must be pretty. I'm very handsome and look Brazilian. (213) 293-8909. Los Angeles area. American Jewish man, 36, sincere, deep, fun, active, doctor, seeks Jewish lady under 35 with brown eyes and long dark hair, in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168. American Plastic Surgeon. Internationally recognized. Attractive. Athletic. Has toured Brazil. Seeks intelligent, athletic, attractive, non smoking Brasileira who likes skin diving, aerobics, surfing, outdoor photography & cooking. Ages 2230. Send photos and C.V. to G.M. -2318 Washington - Great Bend, Kansas, 67530 - U.S.A. Americano, divorciado, branco, 51 anos (parece 44 anos), 176 centimetros, 71 quilos, olhos azuis, cabelos castanhos, engenheiro, mono gamo, casa propria. No fumo, pode fumar. Procuro uma muffler delgada ou media ate 40 anos que more perto de Simi Valley, para relacionamento seno. Responda em ingles com sun foto, por favor. Patrick O'Bryan, 1728 Townley Circle, Simi Valley, CA 93063. Americana 37 anos, cielgado, olhos azuis, professor de Ingle's. Fala Frances, Espanhol, Italiano, Portugues. Deseja encontrar brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva para William, 1431 Ocean Ave., #1106, Santa Monica, CA, 90401. French American guy looking for friendship with Brazilian
FE1RA LIVRE RATES: 50e a NA ord. Phone is one word. DISCOUNTS: For 3 times deduct 5%. for 0 times deduct 10%. for 12 times deduct 15%. POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our discretion. Sorry, no credit card at this time. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please, include address and phone number, which will be kept confidential. DEADLINE: The 15th of the month. Fate material will be held for the following month if appropriate. TO PLACE AD: Send ad with check or moue) order to: News from Brazil P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536. men 35-55. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. Box 16655,Beverly Hills, CA 90209. Ryon are in your twenties and would not mind living in California, you are an ideal candidate for an honest highly educated (Ivy League) financially secure, executive m ho likes to travel with you around the world, walk on the beach,,puddle with you in front of the rreplace ma ski chalet, go to concerts, Scuba dive and go to movies. Hopefully both of us can also give a little to others and help those in need. Please send 4 letter with picture to: 3857 Birch, Suite 454 Newport Beach, CA 92660. Call (714) 345-8338. LA./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and supportive seeks smart, loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 to 5 for love and companionship. Write letter with ph to to Dr. G. Martin- 1107 Fair aks #184 South Pasadena, C 91030 or call (213) 223-6100 Meet the most beautiful Women and top notch Men on the world's #1 International DATELINE. Call 1-900-3293032 or cal11-900-FAX-DODA. Meet your future mate tonight. Must be 18 or older. $2.95/ minute. The Best. Sponsor is Aileron Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nev. If line complaints call 1702-598-2764. Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. #179, San Francisco, CA 94103. Successful, wealthy, goodlooking marriage-nunded romantic American comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portuguese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated, EnglishLspeaking, non-smoking, non-religious
brasileira in L.A. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757, Santa Monica, CA 90408 PSYCHOTHERAPY
Emotional and psychological help. Elizabete Almeida MA. CC intern offers psychotherapy in English/Portuguese. Reasonable rates. (310) 2817536. REAL ESTATE
BUYING, SELLING, RENTING - Let me assist you with all your Real Estate needs. Anywhere in the U.S. through National Referral Services. Call Debora Jackson at (703) 5480700. McEnearney Associates Inc. SERVICE OFFERED
Civil Engineer with Master's Degree offers service. (Substantial knowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521. Pyramid Press offers: typesetting, copyediting, custom desktop publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425. TRANSLATION & INTERP.
Certified translator, fast and reliable. Call Sonia (813) 7747458. J. Henry Phillips, simultaneous interpreter and ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (512) 834-1941. Fax: (512) 834-0070. TRAVEL
Washington Tour & Travel Brasil Vigo - International Money Transmitter - Passagens aereas domesticas e internacionais. Enviamos dinheiro para o Brasil em 24 horas. Traslados dos aeroportos em Washington D.C.. Tours em Washington D.C. - Tel: (703) 527-6977. 49
ea• me: t e s th
calendar - july 95 - u.s.a. SATURDAY 1
42536L.A., C A900 50 or ca ll (213) 2 5- ; $6 ax our Calendar info to ( 2 13) 2 57-3487, E-mail it to brazilnews@aol.com - ma ilto P.O. Box
TV & RADIO
9:00 PM - Luiza & Brasil Tropical at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Band at Café Danssa
SUNDAY 2
COAST TO COAST TV Beautiful Brazil - Every Saturday, 9 PM (East Coast Time) with Goulart de Andrade on the International Channel (In Portuguese with English subtitles)
BOSTON Coragao Brasileiro - Every Sunday, 12:00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM VVMBR
CHICAGO The Sounds of Brazil - Every Saturday, 10:00 pm Midnight, 95.5 FM, WNUA with Scott Adams
LOS ANGELES Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 2:00 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour -Every Saturday and Sunday, 9:00 am - 10:00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko
8:00 PM - Joao Bosco at Roxy 5:00 PM - 10:00 PM - Dori Caymmi, Marcos Santos and more at Brazilian Summer Festival '95 at Ford Amphitheater (818) 566-1111
k Lit
't") ts ittV. ,
7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill
Brazilians Love Jazz -Every Sunday, 5:00 pm - 6.00 pm with Gina Martelli- 93 9 - Love 94
TV
so
WEDNESDAY 12 9:00 PM- Bibi Ferreira & Gracindo Jr. at Lincoln Theatre - 555 Lincoln Road (305) 866-2921
THURSDAY 13 9:30 PM-14 Bisat Miami Beach Place - 6954 Collins Ave. - (305) 866-8661 go) WNW 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854
THURSDAY 6 9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at Nino's
`4
101024,6143
9:00 PM - Hugo Jojo at 14 Below
FRIDAY 7
9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at Nino's 9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below
FRIDAY 14 8:30 PM-Jo Soaresat Gusman Center for Performing Arts - (305) 944-4640 (Ticketmaster) ennittegen 9:00 PM - Max Jr. & Zabumba Band at Zabumba
SATURDAY 15
NEWBEDI 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM - Beti Rozen reads
WIT
8:00 PM - Joao Bosco at Lincoln Theater
MIAMI RADIO
Dii'van in New York, Miami and Boston.
9:00 PM - Max Jr. & Zabumba Band at Zabumba
SATURDAY 8 CQSXMErES 9:00 PM - Sambrasil at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Renni Flores & Capoeira at Café Danssa
BTN (Brazilian TV Network) - 11 00 pm - 1:00 am, DCI ch. 40, S South ch. 51, Adelphia ch. 52, Gold Coast ch. 99
7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill
Luqui Corporation -Jornal Bandeirantes - 11:00 pm 1.00 am, Dynamic ch. 20, S South ch 41, Gold Coast ch. 44, DCI ch. 45
2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854
SUNDAY 9 =IMO V*4 ; t 44"Cti
WESEL itZkicl 0.01 kt
LOS ANGE 14 Below - 1348 14th St.,..:§ard Monica - (310) 45175040,4‘to Bokaos Club - 8689 Wilshire, Beverly Hills- (310) 659-1200 Cafe Danssa -11533W. Pico West L.A.- (310) 478-7866 Caffe Rom a -350 N. Canon Dr. Beverly Hills - (310) 274-7834 Century Supper Club - 10131 Constellation B1.-(310) 553-0000 Fais-Do-Do - 5257 W. Adams L.A. - (310) 842-6171 Foothill - 1922 Cherry Ave. Long Beach - (310) 983-9190 La Ve Lee- 12514 Ventura BI. Studio City - (818) 980-8158 Saint Marks-23 Windward Ave. Venice - (310) 452-2222 Tatou - 233 N. Beverly Dr.Beverly Hills - (310) 274-9955 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd Culver City - (310) 841-6525
NEWS from BRAZIL - JULY 1955
calendar - july 95 u s.a. from her bilingual (Portuguese-English) book A Heart Alone in the Land of Darkness at Pimentel's Books and Records - 1659 Acushnet Ave. - (508) 997-2854
CQSDNRQgtg$ 9:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba 10:00 PM - Flavia de Mello & Band at Café Danssa
10:00 PM - Victory Party - World Cup 1st Anniversary Celebrationwith Lula & The Afro-Brazil Band at Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523
7:00 PM -5:00 PM - Beti Rozen (see previous entry) at Framingham Public Library - 49 Lexington St. - (508) 879-3570 ext. 203
THURSDAY 20 9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at Nino's
SANDZKONICE=31
9:00 PM - Marcos Santos at 14 Below
FRIDAY 21
SUNDAY 16 IMEINC. B.= 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos &SambaLa at Foothill
9:00 PM - Zeca do Trombone & His Band at Bahia Cabana ki (0-1 • 12:00 NOON - 9:00 PM -Street Victory Party -World Cup Celebration at Page & Franklin (Downtown) ENSBINDIDN=
2:00 PM -8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore
BOSTON
8:00 PM - Djavan at Roxy
171TANUCES
9:00 PM - Max Jr. & Zabumba Band at Zabumba
SATURDAY 22
ISM lin
9:00 PM - Djavan at Roseland
CIISMIMEMS
9:00 PM - Renni Flores a Zabumba
at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854
10:00 PM - Lula & Afro-Brazi
MONDAY 17
SUNDAY 23
at Café Danssa
EINIVIINOMMIESI
2:00 PM - 5:00 PM - Beti Rozen reads from her bilingual (Portuguese-English) book A Heart Alone in the Land of Darkness at Sheraton Tara Hotel- 1657 Worcester - (508) 879-7200 ext. 2108
SAN FRANCISCO
Alberto's - 736 W. Dana St., Mtn View, (415) 968-3007 Aioli - 469 Bush Street San Francisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo Ave.-Berkeley (510)525-5054 Bahia - 41 Franklin St - S. Francisco (415) 626-3306 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market St. - S. Fco. (415) 861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St S. Francisco (415) 434-3688 The Ferryboat -Embarcadero St, Pier 3, SF, (415) 788-8866 Nino's - 1916 Martin L. King Jr., Berkeley (510) 845-9303 Pasand Lounge - 2284 Shattuck Av , Berk (510)848-0260 The Ramp -855 China Basin San Francisco (415) 621-2378, Yoshi's -6030 Claremont Ave Oakland (510) 652-9200
7:00 PM - Marcos Santos 8l SambaLa at Foothill - SambaL0 first anniversary celebration.
WEDNESDAY 26
NEW YORK/ NEW JERSEY RADIO Brasil corn S - Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBGO Brazil FM - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM with Tulio Reis 105.9 FM - WNWK Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10:00 PM with Leo Costa & Alberto Lopes - 89.9 FM - WKCR Radio Amazonia - Every day, 6:30 PM on shortwave - 6.185 MHZ
TV Brazilians in America-TV - Every Sunday, 5:30 PM Channel 16
SACRAMENTO California
MI=
8:00 PM -Djavan at Continental Hotel (Downtown)
The Sounds of Brazil- Every Sunday, 11.00 pm - 1 00 am, KSSJ FM, 101.9 with Scott Adams
THURSDAY 27
S. FRANCISCO
agatitiM=1 9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at
Agora Brasil - Every Saturday, 3:00 PM - 4.00 PM, KPFA, 94.0 FM with Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho- Every Wednesday, 9:30 PM, KZSC, 88.1 FM with Renato F rota Canta, Brasil - Every Sunday, 6.00 PM - 8.00 PM KKUP, 91.5 FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman Programa de Domingo Every Sunday, 1:00 PM 2.00 PM, KSQQ 96.1 FM with Lino Bugatti A Taste of Brazil - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM - 11:00 PM, KKSF, 103.7 with Dick
Nino's
9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below
FRIDAY 28 9:00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba
SATURDAY 29 9:00 PM - Sambrasil at Zabumba
10:00 PM - Zelao-6 Band at Café Danssa
SUNDAY 30 ept(035 3 7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & Sam baLaat Foothill -SambaLa's first anniversary celebration.
NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
TV & RADIO
Conte Tropicalia Brasiliana Every Friday, 8:00 PM - 9 00 PM, KUSF, 90.3 with Raimundo Franco
51
Boston Area Books Livraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809 Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000 Dentist Sylvio P. Lessa (617) 924-1882 Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cachaca (617) 666-5410 Instruction Braz. & Amer. Lg. Inst (617) 787-7716 Music Brazil CDs (617) 524-5030 Publications The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651 Restaurants Café Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropicilia (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613
Chicago Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244 Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683
Los Angeles Accountant Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436 Airlines Yang (800) GO VARIG Vasp (310) 364-0160 Arts & Crafts Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebi Designs (310) 391-6530 Auto Repair Cosmo Auto Parts (213) 259-9818 Banks Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996 Catering Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Remi Vila Real (818) 280-0061 Clothes Samba (310) 983-9190 Summer Brazil (310) 455-1772 Clubs & Associations Brazil-Cal. Chbr ofCom. (310) 202-6820 Centro Cultural Gaucho 52
(213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif. (714) 857-6764 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 SambaLi -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190 Computer Henriques - Maintenance (818) 767-5153 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664 Dentists Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polido (714) 848-9200 Events Promotion Brazilian Nites Prod. (818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties & Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992 Food & Products Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139 Import/Export Brazil "R" US (310) 607-9771 Instruction Brasil Brasil Cult. Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427 Legal Services Meiojas & Ferraz (310) 360-0901 Music Bossa Nova - Georgia (818) 891-0912 Braz. Jazz /All Oicasions (310) 839-3788 Jazz - Richard Samuels (818) 798-5424 Physician Paulo Coharte (310) 285-9670 Deck) Rangel (310) 828-7454 Ingrid Rodi - Gynec. (310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430 Psychother/Counsel. Elizabeth Almeida MA. (310) 281-7536 Fatima Castro (310) 822-6770 Dr. Jefferson Si (818) 592-0402 Publications News from Brazil (213) 255-4953 Real Estate Cent. 21 - Solon Pereira (310) 633-0787 Cold. Banker - J. Freitas (818) 304-9562 Restaurants & Cafes Bossa Nova (310) 657-5070 Brazilian Tropical (714) 720-1522 By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Café Brasil (310) 837-8957 Lulu's Alibi (310) 479-6007 Pan Handler (714) 970-5826 Rio Grande (818) 376-0202 Yolie's Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0722 Zabumba (310) 841-6525
Translation/Interp. Brazilian mt. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantins Communic. (818) 343-4451 Travel/Tours Around the World Tn. (800) 471-6333 Brazil Air (800) 441-8515 Brazil Tours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H - Hotel Repres. (800) 544-5503 Heliview - Helicopter (805)297-3691
Miami Airlines Transbrasil (800) 872-3153 Varig (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167 Clubs & Associations ABFC - As. Bras. d a nor. (407) 354-5200 Cam. Corn. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161 Consulate Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200 Dentists Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de SO (305) 262-8212 Food & Beverages All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Guarani Esteves (305) 345-1540 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718 Physicians Dr. Jorge Macedo (305) 271-7311 Dr. Mario Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 776-1412 Publications Florida Review (305) 374-5235 Restaurants Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-1001 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358 Gula Gula (305) 532-3636 Travel Agencies Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 Discover Brazil Tours (800) 524-3666 Euroamerica (305) 358-3003 International Tours (800) 822-1318 Luma Travel (305) 374-8635
Monark Travel (305) 374-5855 New Port Tours (305) 372-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580
New York New Jersey Books Luso-Brazilian Books (800) 727-LUSO Clubs & Associations Brazilian Ch. of Corn. (212) 575-9030 Brazilian Corn. Bureau (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280 Consulate Brazilian Gen. Cons. (212) 757-3080 Food & Products Amazonia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884 Publications The Brasilians (212) 382-1630 Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 Samba Newsletter (718) 937-0574 Restaurants Brasilia (212) 869-9200 Brazil 2000 (212) 877-7730 Brazilian Pavillion (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 Indigo Blues (212) 221-0033 S.O.B. (212) 243-4940 Travel Agencies Barb Tour Service (201) 313-0996 International Sandlly (718) 699-2900 Mystical Destinations (718) 956-1630 Nascente Travel (718) 545-0608 Odyssea Travel Service (212) 826-3019 Santos Dumont Int. (212) 764-5680
San Diego ttorney Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826 Clubs & Associations Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 222-6911 Import/Export Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401 Money Remittance Vigo-Ca Ii forn ha (619) 479-V1GO
Marcos Silva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sul (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil (415) 342-8508 Voz do Brazil (415) 586-2276 Musical Instruments Tamborim & Samba (415) 871-2201 Physician Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219
San Francisco Area Airlines yang (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100 Auto Repair Nelson Auto Repair (415) 255-6717 Malts Auto Body (415) 565-3560 Banks Banco do Brasil (415) 398-4814 Beauty Salon Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Dalven Hair Design (415) 433-7646 Neyde's (415) 681-5355 Bike Repair West Bike (415) 241-9125 Clubs B.A.S.O. (415) 661-2788 Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106 Computer Micronet (415) 665-1994 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170 Dance Instruction Aquarela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Cornea° (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suor (415) 282-7378 Dental Care Roberto Sales, DDS (510) 451-8315 Food Brazilian Coffee Dist (415) 648-5966 California Produce (415) 586-6200 HGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511 Instruction Portuguese -A.Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv. (415) 587-4990 Money Remittance Via Brazil (415) 673-0262 Vigo (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258 Music Fogo na Roupa (510) 635-8406
Printing M. C. Printing (510) 268-8967 Publications Brazil Today (510) 223-5190 News from Brazil (415) 648-5966 Restaur./Night Clubs Bahia Cabana (415) 861-4202 Café do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Café Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto do Brasil (415) 626-8727 Little Rio (415) 441-3344 Michelangelo Café (415) 986-4058 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600 Soccer Sunset Soccer Supply (415) 753-2666 Translation Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Raimundo Franco (415) 285-8364 Travel Agencies Rio Roma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 Tucanos Travel (415) 454-9961
Airlines Trans bra oil (202) 775-9180 Va rig (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. de S. Paulo (202) 682-1151 Clubs & Associations Braz. Am. Cult. Inst. (202) 362-8334 Inst. of Brazil. Business (202) 994-5205 Embassy Ernbaixada do Brasil (202) 745-2700 Travel Agencies Intern. Discount Travel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977
NEWS from BRAZIL. JULY 1995
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YOUR BRAZILIAN DENTIST NEWS from BRAZIL -JULY 1995
53
We're going to talk about Saramago for three reasons. His novel, The Gospel According to Jesus Christ(Harvest Books, $12.95) has just been issued in paperback; his friend and fellow countryman, the film director Fernando Lopes, spoke with me about him while we drank espressos in Vienna a little while ago and the third reason is that, for a man who is acknowledged throughout Europe as one of the most important writers of our time, Saramago is too little known in the United States. The Gospel According to Jesus Christ follows Baltasar and Blimunda and TheYear of the Death ofRicardo Reis, but the 72-year-old author has published an "t half-dozen acclaimed novels, still ting to be carried over into English nd his complete works include books at have been translated into over 20 anguages. Saramago has won numerous iterary prizes; I see his novels on the best seller lists in Brazil; and yet when I look into Southern California bookstores I'm lucky to find one copy of his latest work. The Torrance Public Library, for example, carries neither Baltasar nor Ricardo Reis, and frankly this is an embarrassment. And it will be all the more an embarrass, ment if their author should win the Prize which I believe he will, and ably even this year. The Gospel According to Jesus C is hardly an alluring title, and another life of Jesus — with all due respect — s e . like a dry subject for a novel sinee .% basic parameters have long been scribed and the soil worked over were. But Saramago has a gift for (as does his translator, Giov Pontiero), and, if you'll excuse the erence, Saramago turns water into The familiar landmarks are her Holy Birth, Joseph plying his trade `as, carpenter, King Herod's massacre of in-'nocent children in Bethlehem, the various trials and tribulations of the young Messiah and the emergence of his miraculous powers, and so on. Like its predecessors from the hand of Saramago, the book sparkles and glows with its creator's accomplished touch. Also, without ever becoming indiscreet, the work is pervaded by a sense of authorial mirth. The humor is subtle and widerstated, and it has the wryness one Might find in the Brazilian Jorge Amado-, cept that Saramago hems it in a bit b,etter than Amado, a man of grand gesture with a propensity to become too effu And while Amado can paint a gr. , romantic love scene, it often Env 2 ors the edge of the comical, w - dim Saramago keeps the door shut, so to slt:a17, installing a spirituality and dispens .1?g, tenderness across the page when he b mg together characters who harbor fee ir of mutual affection. We've seen this rendering of quiet passion between Baltasar and Blimunda as well as between the young Marcenda and Ricardo Reis, and it's a delight, a gift to the reader, to find it here, particularly during the several pages in which Jesus is taught the pleasures of love in the arms of Mary of Magdala. The lines are chaste, more or less, but if these passages offend it might be because the writing itself is
54
like a caress, and so sensuously crafted. But his ability to convey the emotions of love is not the sole reason why Saramago is a great writer. His characters may be enigmatic, but they are also profound, and they do not shy away from confronting one another or their own selves in their search for truth and understanding. Towards the end of the Gospel, Jesus, God, and Pastor (the devil) are sitting in a becalmed boat in the middle of a lake in a dense fog. Jesus keeps pressing Him, and so God keeps reciting a list of marrs who will later die in the name of both e' Son and the Father, God and Jesus, and the litany of names and causes goes on for pages. And it's told in a gliding, seamless style like this: "Crusades, what are they, and why do You refer to them in the past if they have yet to take place. Remember, I am time, for Me all that will happen has happened already, all that has happened goes on happening every day. Tell me more about the crusades. Well, My son, this recr.us ussirsc,:: where we now find ourselves, Jerusalem, and other territ• north and west, will be co .1,rdrisA
Asked to name a Portuguese writer, most will throw up ers, Ega Two ear1j9 de Quejidiand Fernando Pessoa, deserve to be better known in this country: but maybe that's asking too much As for temporary Portuguese rs, there are two a ont Arco' r3fimmg
Miracle writer BONDO WYSZPOLSKI
followers of the god I mentioned, who has been slow in coming, the followers on our side will do everything possible to expel them from the places you have traveled and I constantly frequent. You haven 't done much to rid this land of the Romans. Don't distract Me, I'm talking about the future. Go on, then. Furthermore, you were born, you lived, and you died here. I'm not dead yet. That's irrelevant, because as I've just explained to you, for Me what will happen and what has happened are the same thing, and please stop interrupting, otherwise I'll say no more. All right, I'll be quiet. Now then, future generations will refer to this area as the holy places, because you were born, lived, and died here..." Some readers may suspect that Saramago's dispensing of paragraphs and quotation marks will make for a tumultuous ride, but in the fact the opposite is true. Real conversations merge and interact and do not exist in tiny bubbles that over our heads. Figuring out who's g in this book is not as difficult as seem. .condly, some readers will prick up ars at what may appear to be unantering, and accuse the author of g a mockery of the Good Man and ood Book. rry, this isn't a hatchet job. Even ove exchange reveals something of he left hand comments on the right ce versa. The Jesus we find in this ERspf/ is a young man awakening to his destiny, and forever raising an eyebrow 6f dgpbt along the way. He has needs and jitismcal urges just like the rest of us, and Saramago never does a Ken-and-Barbie number on him and Mary Magdalene, a move that would only deaden our sympathies. Theirs may be the ultimate Holy Family, but Joseph is plagued by recurrent nightmares; and Jesus, too, has horrible dreams, the counterpart to Joseph's, the causes and effects of which pose innumerable questions about the transference of guilt and the sins of the father being inherited by the son. Mother Mary, too, her bouts with what are either apparioils or hallucinations or ghosts, and her next born, James, can't disguise his displays of sibling rivalry. The story ends where it always ends, with our Lord dangling from a cross in the hot sun. But even here, even in the final lines which contain a stinging irony as well as images and words that may utte y surprise, Saramago is relentless mastery and his magic. e Gospel. According to Jesus Christ enchanting, thoughtful, amusing, 4 rovocative novel. Like its subject, it urn sceptics into true believers. ow, what about Jose Saramago the man? "Jose Saramago started his career as a writer very late in his life," explains Fernando Lopes. "He had always been connected with publishing; he spent 20 years of his life publishing other writers' books." Lopes is a Portuguese film director, based in Lisbon, whose recent work, 0 Fio do Horizonte .(The Edge of the Horizon), was shown in Vienna during the
NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995
'film festival I attended there in October, when this interview was recorded. Although we talked about Lopes' Calf-dozen films — plus his friendship with such writers as Antonio Tabucchi, .his 1966 visit to the United States when lie stayed briefly in the home of Jean 'Renoir, and his next filmic project, an exploration of the village north of Lisbon where he grew up and where his mother still lives — he heart of our casual discussion focused on the extraordinary life and work of the now 72-year-old writer who its among the most acclaimed in both !Portugal and Europe. "Secretly," Lopes continues, "he was writing also." And if Saramago was doing so without calling undue attention to 'himself, it was because the Salazar dictatorship (1932-68) kept a tight rein on .freedom of the press. Only after the bloodless coup of 1974 was there a real chance at individual expression without fear of personal reprisal. Although Saramago had published his .first novel in the 1940s, a second (Manual de Pintura e Caligrafia) did not appear until 1977. Another work, Levantado de Chao, which the Spanish film director Mario Camus is begmning to make into a movie, was published in 1980. "Then, two or three years later," recounts Lopes, "he published Memorial do Convento, the famous one. Everyone was really surprised to read the book. It was quite a shock to have it. Most of us -had known him for a long, long time. I couldn't imagine Saramago writing that book." It's one of the finest surrealistic romances of our time. Baltasar and Blimunda, as it's called in English begins in Lisbon in 1711, and these are the years of the atrocious Inquisition, when God must be napping. Baltasar, who is 26, returns from battle minus a left hand; he meets Blimunda who is 19, and whose mother is condemned for heresy, publicly flogged, and exiled to Angola for eight years. When Baltasar helps a certain Padre Bartolomeu Lourenco to build a flying machine, the book begins to acquire a mantle of enchantment, and it henceforth hovers in its own ether .between reality and dream. The great musician, Domenico Scarlatti, also .appears and takes part in this secret project — and the subsequent flight, as brief as it is, buzzing the towers of medieval Lisbon, is as wonderful as anything out of a childhood romance. Yes, I tell Lopes, it's a fabulous book. And Saramago — I see from the best seller charts — is quite popular in Brazil. "Not only," Lopes replies. "He's very popular in Spain and Italy, also in France. And he's starting to be well known in Germany. "But mainly in Spain," Lopes continues, "where he's almost considered a Spanish writer. They want him also." And now, thanks to a narrow-minded Portuguese minister of culture, they've got him. But more on this shortly. Baltasar and Blimunda are still flying high: a few years ago the Italian composer Azio Corghi turned Saramago's monumental work into an opera, which goes by the title of Blimunda.
'I=WS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995
The opera was produced by La Scala, in Milan, three years ago," Lopes says, "and since then it's been performed in France and Portugal. "I once tried to convince Saramago to let me produce Baltasar and Blimunda as a film," Lopes tells me, produce, not direct, he emphasizes. "You know Fellini? Fellini wrote about the book. He loved that book very much. And he said, "Probably it's the only book I read in the last years I would like to make a film from." Lopes tried to get in touch with Fellini to see if he would indeed want to direct the film. And because Fellini tended towards lavishly made films, Lopes knew it would be an expensive project. "I asked quite a lot of Spanish producers, and Spanish television was very, very interested. "So I went to see Saramago at his home in Lisbon," Lopes says; "and, since we know each other well, I said, `Jose, will you allow me to make connections and conduct all things possible so that we can make a film from your novel?" And Saramago told him no. "I don't want to see the film," he said to Lopes. "When I die you will discuss (the project) with my daughter; and I'll leave some notes saying if anyone wants to make the film to please contact Fernando.' So..." We then talked about The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis which, like Baltasar and Blimunda, is available in this country from Harcourt Brace Publishers. "I like that book very much," says Lopes. "It's probably the book I prefer from Saramago." Writing .in The Nation last May, novelist and critic Ilan Stavans said this of the work: "I rank it among the best novels I've ever read, a sweet masterpiece set in Lisbon in 1936." Ricardo Reis is the imaginary alter-ego of the poet Fernando Pessoa (the Iberian Peninsula's T.S. Eliott, and he returns to Portugal from Brazil shortly after Pessoa's death. Imagine, if you will, stunning conversations between an author's literary creation and the ghost of the author. Like wit hBaltasar and Blimunda the book is suffused with Old World magic realism, and Saramago is truly in the New World company of Jorge Luis Borges, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and the too-little-known Brazilian, Osman Lins. "As you have seen in my film, 0 Fio do Horizonte, says Lopes, "there are lots of 'quotations' about Fernando Pessoa and Ricardo Reis. Remember the scene in the morgue? The doctor is performing the autopsy, and his name is Ricardo Lopes, Lopes is my name and Ricardo is sort of a tribute to Ricardo Reis." I mention to Lopes that the third book of Saramago's available in English is The Gospel According to Jesus Christ. 'Gospel was quite a problem," Lopes replies with a frown, "That's why he left Portugal and lives in Spain. "There was a very, very terrible politic (discussion) between Saramago and the Catholic Church.," and this came about after Portugal's minister of culture attempted to bar the novel from competing for the European Literature Prize, fearing
that its subject matter — a retelling of the life of Jesus Christ — would cause an uproar at home. Which it did. And then it was published in Spain and, well, it must have been one hell- of a fracas with cudgels and jawbones wielded left and right. Saramago accused the minister of culture (and probably others in the government) of censorship, and in turn this broke open another interminable argument, between Saramago — who is a member of the committee of the Portuguese Communist Party — and his detractors who did not fail to remind him about censorship in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Bloc countries. A weak argument, apparently, because Saramago has always been openly critical of his party where and when he disagreed with it. But the pettiness in Portugal got to him. "I am 'leaving," he said, "and I'm going to live in Spain." At some point here I asked, is Saramago allowed to visit the United States? "Well, let's put it frankly," says Lopes. "You know you have to sign that you are not a Communist when you go to the American embassy." Yes, but? Lopes didn't know. "Well, he's not a man to travel a lot anyway. He's never been in the United States. He travels around Europe, mainly Spain, Italy, France and he went to Brazil several times and to Latin America because he was invited. But not the United States." Lopes adds that it would be impossible for Sararnego to deny his Communist affiliations. "But it would be quite interesting to get him in the States — because you will write about him." True. I might even write about him if he doesn't come to the States. "He can be very warm with you if you meet him," Lopes says. "And quite cold if he takes a disliking to you. By the way, with his friends he's a really charming and very warm person. And then we discuss everything. Politics1 football; everything. He has a lot of interests." Apparently, you'll only find Saramago in Lisbon when he goes to visit his daughter or to attend to his business concerns. As befits the literary magic that he is, Saramago is living on a small volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean. Which brings us to the Lanzarote diaries. "He is now publishing, almost every year, a sort of diary," says Lopes though, as they're described to me what they sound like is a cross between one's journals and one's memoirs. These volumes contain "lots of ideas on literature, politics and about being old. It's quite interesting about what he says about his age — the way we lose some control of ourselves, our bodies. Things he could do," Lopes recalls from the books, "he cannot now. A lot of reflections on life; all the senses of life, even interior life. Some of the best pages in his diary, probably the best, are the things he writes about his wife, because Pilar is 30 years younger than he is." I remember a line in the Baltimore un, written by an uncredited correspon-
come looking fowiehlceoritneashade of dent (in the clipping I d,,anIe ci:g4 se have) who visited the , .,,A ,dravv hnl y'ea_rkbNev Saramago household in .wind, egar,, nndoertnh, 1991. "All over the livspices ose Saramago's The ing room are photocome into his garden andk, ._Christ idude theevc , „e mti: graphs of his second ond:rioaesfiw a'no au\kyplthe ,Iselydeiucw o n,dr s hetje:them d) eonisfdt e, and showed no sur- Mary, wife, Pilar, the young e us•",1,,v Spanish journalist he prise when the woparras,,kcd him his name as married five years ago." she rubbectointmenfintoIlie sores on his toot, "He really writes which rested on her lap. I am Jesus he replied, ttlo•jseec‘attvow sashuabeneiinsolls 'th marvelously about his without adding, of Nazareth, for he had said so tfarierdeatssubelle'eanedsirnndlidlew eounotr,thiotepprowre'f:rrnte:h;c1 hiu: ;11n isi:gY eieot7lm bed, parents' o4 jsQaevv :: passion for his wife, earlier, jus1/4as the woman who lived here ;as .1jne,IhIc, aatealt,esni hemrIdaeyelbenlb.tem pte,,entdi rfifndb onaar coleloijsraeibel:diw n v h d i e k e r clearly from. Magdaland when he asked her i l a r ti r y r t p u l ' l a l i b er g e t eh e s d i r si el i s .idag r,,n:s,diefwith )o ilolt: continues, "Lopes s‘iflt) lotyhr hechtpheheaets',srtsn:ga fr rcovers and e km in bg r o al v de ere sht name R• she refilled only Mary. I laying care dried ent. a "which one would not fully examined and dressed his injured foot, h&c e perfumed my couch wi expect from a man like 4:-, ary Magdalene tied the bandage with a firtit4i cilubirainciko,nm . Laerydding Jesus to the hes „Wjth its floor Saramago. It's very , M his kuot,That should do, she said. How can I thank 'brick, çz moving that this man you' nSked Jesus, and for the first time his eye, with ing (tç , still has that capacity met hers, eyes3;dack on and bright as coals, ,a1SA jiim left to love that wo- 'like water miming over water, veiled with' thighs, man... Indeed, he con- sensualityAtianetus found irresistible. Inc hands fronts his old age with woman did'notansweLat once, she looked' skin rimg his the energy of his pas- him as if weighing:him:the boy obviously* d him b pget: :01a1e1cdelti.cus,cdphrcit sc r)dfele,i rrw :riieeh sion — and there is a Pn'ealeaM il mon0at lengthl'ahe said, Remember ni ie •• isi4sht lw fgri ldi v ieer odsy,aie nb • water, dilemma. He knows that that is all I ask, and 'Jesus assured her, IfWil stl:n og 'p eaivslsr,fi iettrerfde„°sil on tec sdt: skt eilaeYlto Mary sa,icy g rrst dteeesul he is older, very much never forget your kindnesS, án then, suitunon older than she is," and if ing his courageIs.i,pr will Is9i-1 iete kedc::::;11:::::::?•uTlying the natural order of life 'you say that, Oie„asked,4mil f,othnlysse::estyfh and death bears itself mg. Because youxehea-tifti iaar oad You should,,)1 t 0:se , Ati out, Pilar Saramago will "en,, be p-d e survive her husband by my youth,',Ymtare beititc as inot: ,,you are. Hernile faded! Do ith many years. pld him; These Lanzarote di- you know what' am, whati do, aries, as Lopes calls bowl eampyliving. kci4Y0 u usatncloandsc'm se 'lir eyes. Jesus had to look at meyou ,anw them, sound spellbind- ,10R!y, cldsed them, iened. t m ew,everything. knoW1othing, and one hopes, one ,ing. Not even that I'm a prostiin that moment he tuiderst,04,the true really hopes, that Harmeaning of King Solomon"swords, court Brace will do for bite. That I know. sleep Tth n, wiinathgs &Your thighs are like jewels, yotir,navel Saramago what they've :‘,In j esnaid Y5 is like around goblet filled wnliicented f9:qtreuirY. done for Italo Calvin°, about:me, That isinow wine, YPIlr belly is likeAheap, of Wh6 ' a writer in the same inbeside ‘'set abo'newAt.1liliel„kutifirbr9as„tSiitf tellectual ballpark, and : T119):7 "Pied his hand, ilike two fiwnsihit are the twins 'Of giMr'p lifq , bring these out — withgazelle, and he understood them eve o "With the tips *you really out delay — in English. 1611c115tf 'better when Mary lay down beside h C`r4Pige )5' spcn d the andjook his hands;in, hers, add clre or thank me,, However, one is not her body, really surprised to learn .,_. .. erek ith me I cannot, Why, I have rip, them to her, and guided thenrslOW1Y-over .,, h , ,11,.6 --k,41 - 04-ey'7,4)-1:1ay you,That's no surprise. pl,e,a'seix,' her hair, face, neck, shoulders, hr breasts, w i h e of Saramago' s grand ' ni " ock me. You maypot believelpglie gently squeezed, her belly7navel, her oWer hair, passion for his wife and :'40, lie,t4P he lingered, twining arid untwinin ,it,with his n r mock. Avtth f pur W.1 „,, t; , vit A., where his ability to express it0I'd's o ea,,,,inan ' a full so acutely and so lov- lila only aluestipspf inpne-4What is it, then, frneIs, then his curve of her smooth thighe 1incl as oved hi„s: hands, she repeated in. whisper, ingly. Reviewing the Jesus fell silent -lin tiinlerd it face awaY'' e oni;:- discover my body, come discover,my b,ody. author's previous novel ,I..rnatle no atteniPc,10 „lielO'him,' she eetild have asked, Are you a'virgin; but said nothing and stis breathed so fast, for one moment helhoug t he in The New York Times ', The silen'et was so great only their,, would' faint when her hands, the left hando his 1-,waited, . critic Herbert Mitgang hearts, con151 be heard beating, hi§„ louder and forehead, the right hand on his ankles; began, wrote this of the 4faiter"'hela restless and ag.itatecI,Jjeistis said,' 'reSsing him, slowly coming together, meeting in, , 48-year-old Ricardo Your hair reminds me of it fldekt of 'goats middle, then starting all over again. You've leant; Reis: descending the mountain' slopeS' Gilead. nothing, begone with you, Pastor had told him, rind' "He falls in love The woman smiled but said nothing. Then who knows, perhaps he meant to say that Jesus had with a 23-year-old Jesus said, Your eyes are like the pools of not leanied to cherish life. Now Mary Magdalene woman, who has a de- Heslibon by the:Gate of path-Rabun. The instructed him, Discover my body, and she said it formed arm... When woman :.stitiled:iagain'Ll*:sfill said nothing4, again, but in a different way, changing one word, Ricardo Reis touches Then Jesus 'slowly hinted talook at heeand Discover your body, and there it was, tense, tau the young woman's bro- said Tlithe never been with'iwoman' Mary roused, and she, naked and magnificent, was aboV ken fingers, the author heldfii.S'hands, This how everyone .has to him and saying, There is nothing to fear, do no leaves a greater roman- begi men who have never known akWOinan:,:i move, leave this to me. Then he felt part of him, this tic impression than most women who have never known a,,Tatr,.,7tintil the, , organ, disappearing inside her, a ring of fire around, physical encounters by day comes for the one who knows to teach the it, coming and going, a shudder passed through him;: one who does not. Do you wish to teach nte, So like a wriggling fish slipping free with a shout, surely„,„, lesser novelists." And these tender, that you may thank me a second time. In thiS impossible, fish do not shout, no, it was he, Jesus;„ over his body with a: . heartfelt moments are to way, I will never stop thanking you. And I will crying out as Mary slumped never stop teaching you. Mary got to her feet, moan and absorbed his cry with her lips, with a, be found in all of Jose vvent to lock the gate,,,huLonly after hanging a hungry kiss that sent second, unending shudder Saramago's books. • si,:butside, to tell'itny'ci • Icat s who might through him; •
nowled
lir.
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