Brazzil - Year 7 - Number 114 - June 1995

MUSIC: JOAO BOSCO'S BAROQUE & JAZZ MIX

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PRESIDENCY: RDOSO VISITS THE US AND MAKES US PROUD

SPECIAL: THIRD WORLD AND LITERATURE

SOCIETY: THE GAY BATTLE TO ASSERT EQUALITY

'NGUAGE: RE WE BRAZILIANS -A BRAINIER LOT?

TRAVEL: AGOAS MEANS SUN, AND SATISFACTION

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NEWS from BRAZIL- JUNE 1995

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•, TI4 areld-ur main rop a, s , 4 er e Congress dog ilesvv that f.vor mos!

3çon . eliminate n• ndme 3r, tgays; II d1sSmination a legairz ioi2-dt sex-q ge permissiôiff. gay cov . - - o adopt finallyorthertiabce childi urity:benefits,f‘r a and,' o ng p iJ

Brazil is reaching a new milestone this June.

Congress will be looking into inserting gay and lesbian rights within the mainstream of Brazilian society. Congresspersons Martha Suplicy (PT-SP) and Fernando Baeira (PV-Rio), have submitted a bill to that effect, and now the local "politically correct" establishment is feeling nervous.. .and they should!

In a country where harassment of gays and transvestites is commonplace, and where random and senseless murders of homosexuals is more common than not, particularly in the RioSao Paulo-Porto Alegre axis, this proposal is holding the undivided attention of an hunense proportion of the populace. Particulary gays, and transvestites.

The battlelines have already been drawn: the Christian church coalition and other conservative and morality-laden groups on one side, and the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and Gay Rights groups on the other. This, in a country in which, according to Grupo Gay da Bahia, almost 10% is gay or lesbian. That would mean 15 million people who currently feel discriminated against or sidelined. For many gays and lesbians, this is a key issue that they would like to see cleared up through a constitutional anunendment.

According to Luis Motta, an Anthropology

professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia and founder of the Grupo Gay da Bahia, two other key issues are to disseminate scientific information relating to what homosexuality " actually is, and third to educate the gay and lesbian population as to their rights to equality under the Brazilian Constitution.

Many people wonder, however, how a coun-, try which still has not solved critical social - problems sueh as agrarian reform and elimination of multiple social health problems, can expect to primote such an advanced piece of legislation as this, which function ever so discreetly in countries such as Holland, Denmar or Norway.

Many European nations have experimented with Gay rights. For instance, Denmark recognized (in 1986) the right of homosexuals to marry, as well as inheritance rights derived from such a gulationship (1989). In 1992 Norway followecl Denmark's example, wich was again copied by Sweden in 1994. Since 1993 France has granted social security benefits to partners in a homosexual relationship.

Within the US the City of San Fraancisco accepted the, so-called "domestic partnership" arrangement, and in 1993 the City of New York also recognized certain partnership rights between gay couples.

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

In Brazil, two States (Mato Grosso and Sergipe), upon governmental authorities in the Health area. In legally prohibit any sort of discrimination, under their Rio, the Escritorio Model° de Advocacia Gratuita, State Constitutions. Another 73 other municipal governa free legal advocacy group, provides legal assisments also acknowledge these rights under local laws. tance in the areas of Family Law, Labor, Civil and Although there are no sitting Congresspersons who Criminal Law. are admitedly gay or lesbians, they are nevertheless Two years ago, they pioneered the area of AIDS backed by several politicians who campaigned or took on Law, by providing free legal counseling to anyone commitments to propose changes to the Constitution in who was an active carrier of the AIDS virus. Close this respect. In fact, one of the strategies under considerto 10% of the cases they are actively involved in are ation by many of the gay groups which are lobbying for AIDS related. In fact EMAG has been able to force these changes, is to expose and divulge the names of several firm and governmental agencies to reincor"closet" gay or lesbian politicians who might try to porate laid-off employees back to work, and has oppose the proposals. obtained medical pensions for several others in an In fact, the 17th International Gay and Lesbian Assoadvanced stage of illness. ciation Convention is being held this month in Rio. According to Marcelo Turra, they also have 5 Brazil was chosen for the event, precisely because of the cases pending in which hospitals have been sued for numerous number of alleged human rights violations passing on the virus to patients through contamiagainst gays, and to further expand the association's nated blood transfusions. territory into the Third World.

Another issue that is ripe for judicial review is in relation to AIDS carriers, the health profession and the Brazilian Penal Code. The key area relates to the Physicians Code of Medical Ethics. The question seems to be this: at what point in time can a physician break the doctor/patient relationship (and therefore breach his ethical obligations) when he knows that his patient's active HIV status can negatively affect third parties related to or in contact with the patient? The issue has been directly addressed in the U.S., and currently more than 40 $599 LIMA Law Schools teach courses in $549 BOGOTA relation to the medical/legal $649 BUENOI AI RE! aspects of the problem. $649 MONTEVIDEO "The AIDS issue covers $649 ECUADOR multiple aspects of law" says $670 HONG KONG Professor Marcelo Turra, and $720 BANGKOK attorney and law professor. "It covers criminal and family law, as well as prevention" he $676 RIO/IALVADOR/BRAALIA adds. In the U.S. criminal re676 BELO HORIZONTE/RECIFE sponsibility has charged upon 22 PORTO ALEGRE several individuals who knowingly had sex without informing their partners of this. Several people have also died due to that uninformed consent.

Marcelo Rubens, president of the Conselho Regional de Medicina (CREMERJ) are exploring the alternative of PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE integrating the medical code of ethics within current Penal Code, as well as to determine aspects relating to responsibilities incumbent

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NEWS from BRAZIL- JUNE 1995

13

Letters MUSIC FOR EXPORT our artic e a•out ' au eixas (News from Brazil, April 1995) was a 10 . As a philosopher Raulzito was as phony as imported whiskey sold in Brazil. (The best faked whiskey in the world according to Orson Welles). But a genius nonetheless. Our Dylan as Caetano pointed. Only better because no popular music was ever influenced by so many different styles than Brazilian music. Not to mention the lyrics that alone would deserve a huge article from your magazine showing its richness.

When Brazil will wake up and start treating our music as a product for exporting? It worked with lambada so imagine with the real thing. Uh, huh!

Adalberto da Silva Miami Beach, Florida BRASH SOUNDING OFF Here is a gratuitous an' s tame ess "plug" that I made on News from Brazil behalf on Compuserve. The posting was made in the World Community Forum, Latin American section, where I've noticed a lot of "mail" from lovers of Brazilian culture. I think it will generate some interest, and hopefully, some subscriptions as well: "I have nothing to do with a small publication called •News from Brazil, save that I am a subscriber. But I so admire and enjoy the spirit of this magazine that surely I will be forgiven if I herein sound off in its favor. The magazine speaks for itself. Photographs, articles, stories, cartoons, art and dance reviews -- this is just some of what you may expect each month. Many pieces are competently written in Portuguese, many in English. For devotees learning Portuguese, or planning a trip south, there is lots of new vocabulary. I even enjoy the advertising, though it's a little slanted towards its Los Angeles readers, with ads for Brazilian dining and samba venues in town. The cost of this intercultural extravaganza? Twelve issues for three bucks! Pam vida! If anyone out there thinks it's a good deal I 11 be happy to let you know where to write for a subscription. Ate logo!

Gray Jordan Hollywood, California FROM THE HIGH SEAS I am mtereste. in sus scrt • mg to your magazine. I visit Brazil mainly Rio de Janeiro at least twice a year. I am interested in all the news from not only Rio but the entire country. Jam in the Navy.

Billy W Rayford USS ESSEX You arc invited to participate in this dialogue Write to: Letters to the Publisher P.O.Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536 or send E-mail to brazilnews'itaol. coin Please, include a pin ne number in the event sic need to reach you Thanks!

14

ANY TALKNET OUT THERE? . .wou e to su scn - to News from Brazil for one year. I am studying the Brazilian Portuguese language On my own, and would like to know if you have a pen-pal network through which I may: be able to converse and improve my prof. ficiency in. your beautiful language. I arn also planning a trip to Salvador, Bahia.; Sardia Lewis New York, New York HELPING TO MAKE SOME SENSE t s time to renew my su•scnptioni which I am happy to do. I am verypleased with your publication because it is a rare example that reports on Brazilian events in English. This is so important as I do not comprehend Portuguese. I vainly try to make some sense from newspapers distributed in New York City and written in Portuguese but I miss most of the meaning. So I must depend on your maga.. zine which I find to be a well-written journal. Continue the good work. P.S.: I'm renewing for two years SANTIAGO'S SCHEDULE PLEASE I wou • be very intereste• it you could please tell me if you know or know how to find out about Emilio Santiago concerts either in Brazil or the USA. have tried several sources and you are mY last one.

Steven Thoresdale Chicago, Illinois TAKE OUR WORD can't tar. y se teve: 12 issues tor $3.00, but that's what it says! Enter one-year subscription.

Rosalyn Reeder St. Joseph, Minneapolis HOW ABOUT US? am rom Ca i orma an' ave en joyed News from Brazil for years. I a1ways turn to the Calendar first. It's great to know about music in L.A. What abouti San Diego? , • Pegi Beard San Diego, California HEARD IT IN CLASS Como voi? My Portuguese pro essor' told the class about this magazine and am interested.

Jennifer Lyn Bergren Minneapolis, Minnesota

2500 A COPY

PLAY IT AGAIN 1 le first year was so want to renew!

Ed LeGrand Sacramento, California MAKE IT A WEEKLY . est magazine 'ye ever rea an price is ridiculous! I'd pay at least twice and would like to see it weekly.

BEST $3 BUCKS EVER SPENT ease renew my subscription. I got more for my subscription money than any other $3 I spent last year. I'm looking forward to another year's worth of News from Brazil.

Ellen Winogrand Oakland, CA WHAT A FINDING ostaria • e agra • ecer pe o tra pa o de voces. Depois de tantos anos aqui, conseguir uma revista que consiga nos trazer informa0es sobre o Brasil de uma maneira tao gostosa, foi demais!

Na verdade nunca procurei fazer parte de nenhum grupo de brasileiros. Estudo hotel management na UCLA e you sempre ao Brasil. Na hora de voltar é sempre a mesma coisa.

Patricia Valle Canoga Park, California WHAT'S MISSING uero primeiramente e ogiar esta sua revista muito bem editada corn artigos m ut°interessantes e informativos. Em minha opiniao (e de muitos outros acredito), para a News from Brazil ficar completa so esta faltando uma ou duas colunas esportivas corn os resultados de futebol principalmente de Sao Paulo e Rio. Wafter Vastano San Francisco, California LOVED SABIN° Estou mutt() contente corn sua revista. Já fiz algumas assinaturas para amigos e familiares e agora estou renovando a minha por mais urn ano.

Adorei as nove cronicas do Fernando Sabino que sairam na edicao de marco.

Realmente eu gosto de tudo o que voces publicam e espero que continuem sempre corn este born trabalho.

Maria C. Guerreiro Rowland Heights, California

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President Fernando Henrique Cardoso was received in the US by a bad-mannered ad in the Wall Street Journal which asked on its title: "Should The U.S. Open Its Purse Strings To This Patent Pirate Country?". Cardoso who hasn't come to ask for any money and who is not responsible for the patent laws (the Congress is) responded, as the gentleman that he is, with class and firmness of purpose. Brazil has changed for much better.

CARLOS EMMANUEL DA FONSECA BARRETO

There are times when Brazilians aren't particularly proud of their country, especially of their political leaders. In the past, some incidents created a certain anti-patriotic feeling among Brazilians living abroad.

These are psychological complexes and insecurities on our part. We are very worried about our country's image in the international arena.

Last month's visit by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso to the United States, however, was a big booster for our ego. After all, Cardoso is a well educated polyglot, considered by many as the most prepared of any current world leader.

President Clinton noted that Fernando Henrique and he himself had a lot in common, including "the same educational background." The statement has a greater deal of truth than it appears af first blush. Clinton, for example, has opposed the Vietnam War, is s a Democrat, and his government follows some Republican economic policies. Moreover, he attended Oxford, a foreign college. In comparison, Cardoso was opposed to the 1964 military regime, is a Social-Democrat, has allied himself with the right, and attended Sorbonne, a foreign college. Even their wives have a lot in common. The first-ladies, Mrs. Clinton and Mrs.Cardoso, have in their respective countries the fame of not only being the Presidents' spouses but also of playing an important political role.

There proved to be a real mutual interest between the countries in having a stronger economic relationship. Clinton reminded that "Brazil is an important economy of 160 million people." Cardoso was given a first class reception in the US, even though for the American press it was a minor event.

The streets of Washington D.C. had their light poles decorated with both countries' flags, and a gala dinner was offered by the White House to the President and his 41 person presidential entourage. The same reception occurred in the Reagan-Figueiredo, Reagan-Sarney, and Bush-Collor eras, although none showed the genuine warmth of the Clinton-Cardoso meeting.

Past economic peccadillos and more serious mistakes had created ghosts that haunted the country during the 80's, and clouded US-Brazilian economic ties. Today Brazil has gained back its respect. The government has been able to repay its foreign debts, there are much less environmental pressures or human rights issues, and the electronics-computer market's reserve and trade barriers are being relaxed.

Above all, the government has successfully stabilized its currency in an inflation-free economy, with respectable foreign reserves and a steady growth in GDP (Growth Domestic Product). "Brazil is the United States' only strategic partner in Latin America and every day we appear as a stronger regional power," said the Brazilian ambassador to Washington Paulo Tarso Flecha de Lima.

A controversial issue is still the Patent Bill, expected to be approved by the Brazilian Congress. The Clinton administration claims that piracy in Brazil costs US businesses over $800 million a year. Cardoso promised 16

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Charmer During his talk at Washington's National Press Club, the Brazilian President wowed what usually is a blasé audience WILSON VELLOSO

He arrived almost on time, smiled every time he should. then charmed his audience with a grand gesture of calculated spontaneity: he abandoned his w ritten text and ad libbed his talk. Thus did Fernando Henrique Cardoso. President of Brazil. face a motley crow d of ncwsgat here rs. moneymakers. and others.

His forum w as an evernewsy luncheon at the National Press Club in Washington. D.C.. now 'merged. blended, enlarged. and enriched by a sizable tranche of the Harvard Club membership.

Of course FHC simply had to forget about his advance text, a so-called "non-official English translation- distributed by the ream among those present. In its opening page the anonymous translator decided to tell Americans how to pronounce "real.- the name of both the Brazilian currency and the Economic Plan that shot FHC into stardom. He suggested -hay-al as Cariocas (Rio's natives) say. Few read beyond that point.

Except in the case of the very famous — such as Polish President Walenza and a few others — interpretation is a living death at the NPC. Can you imagine waiting for one minute or two before getting a point that made the speaker's compatriots roar w ith laughter? Cardoso spoke in a very passable. lively, often colloquial English. and won much applause. No embarrassing gaps to seek for terms. His stage manner was impeccable: when he was stumped because the right word eluded him, he would say "Again-. Much better than the "you know? you know'?" now being used ad nauseam by Americans of all classes and persuasions.

Fully aware that an after-lunch talk is not a lecture or a campaign speech. Cardoso painted in broad brushstrokes the rationale of his economic policy: open the Brazilian market to trade, encourage competition. expand technology. and create jobs.

And at the same broaden and improve education. technical training, so that the poor may expect substantive and substantial improvement within their lifetimes. Less regulation. yes, by all means, but no attempt at the cruel trickledown economy that has been tried and miserably failed in the recent past.

Nothing much was new in what was being said. but the limchers loved to hear it from the very lips of the same man who denounced nhenhenhem (idle talk) — the hot air balloon plastered over with $64 billion terminology fashioned to deceive the unaware.

Only for a few minutes did FHC lose his audience. when he shifted to Spanish (sounding very much like the Argentinian castellano) about the Mexico and other New Emerging Countries being under the fire of international no-country speculators. Apparently he was making good a pledge of a short and quick interview for Mexican TV. In his answer to a question from the floor. FHC explained clearly why his government had recently temporarily reimposed certain credit limitations as a _protection against dumping. the artificial rise of company shares prices followed by precipituous falls, after billions in quick profit had been raked in by speculators.

After the final standing applause. many ran to the headtable to shake hands with FHC and ask for his autograph on the official program of the day. He wound up his visit to the Club telling a selfdescribed "400-year old Pazdista- (from Sao Paulo) that he was also a Poulista. "Only.- he said. "I spent my first 10 years in Rio." NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Clinton to solve this problem in next few weeks. Clinton in exchange will help campaign for Brazil to win a seat as Latin America's permanent representative on the United Nations Security Council, Fernando Henrique is also very concerned with mechanisms used by the global economy to arrest financial chaos, especially after Mexico's currency market crash. He is interested in creating new more efficient international mechanisms than the IMF (International Monetary Fund) or the World Bank. Clinton said that this had to be discussed with the G7 countries (the seven largest world economies) before making any promises. Some of the G7 countries already believe that results from any new mechanisms will reward the country that's behaving financially irresponsibly. The two presidents chose Denver, Colorado to host a meeting in June when authorities from both countries will outline a bilateral commerce agreement.

Abetter understanding betweenboth countries will result in long term investment necessary to keep the Brazilian economy stable. Cardoso also brought to the United States an official economic report hoping to strengthen the two countries relationship and sell investment opportunities according to the new law of concession in public services.

While in New York, the Brazilian President met with entrepreneurs to whom he spoke about economic stability and confidence in the future of Brazil. Cardoso firmly committed himself to push further the privatization program and announced the beginning of deregulation of Brazil's public sector.

The news was exactly what investors wanted to hear — Brazil's huge stateowned electric companies would go on the auction block. In reaction to the announcement, Latin America's largest stock market, sao Paulo's Bovespa, went up 5.3% that same day.

President Fernando Henrique Cardoso showed the American government that Brazilian society can behave well, and is richer, more complex, democratic and solid than ever, contrary to the popular image many Americans have of Brazil. To the American press, he proved to be a reserved and discreet person, less interested in showing off in social circles, than to present a positive image for Brazil to a distinctive American group who could make a difference.

As for Brazilians, the President gave them enough reason for national pride.

17

Toast of the town

Cardoso's toast

Clinton's toast

Mr. President, Mrs. Clinton, dear friends. This dinner has been an enjoyable moment, yet I know that your thoughts are also with the victims of the Oklahoma tragedy. And I take this opportunity to reiterate my words of sympathy and solidanty with you and the American people.

During our meeting this morning, we had occasion to talk about the friendship that has always united our peoples, as well as the meaningful issues our countries have in common.

This is a time for a more personal comment. First, allow me to express my appreciation for the warm welcome that Ruth and I have received here in Washington, as well as yesterday in New York. You may be assured that we will both return to Brazil with fond memories of this visit. The attention we have received is a clear sign of the importance the United States government attaches not only to me, but rather to Brazil and its people. I wish also to express the admiration and friendship I feel for you. Since Miami, since before Miami, since you have been a candidate and I was attending some congresses — Democratic Party in your country in my capacity as Senator from the state of So S Paulo n i Brazil, I know that central to your concerns is the search for ways to combine the necessary material progress with improvement in living conditions and in the fostering of community values. I also know that your actions as President invanably conform to the path of reason and understanding, even in the midst of the contradictory demands of our times.

What you said, Mr. President, referring to me, is better to be said about you — the sense of tolerance, the sense of equity and the necessity to all times try to pursue the values of democracy. These are the qualities required of leaders today if they are to restore to politics its most noble meaning, which is the search for the common good.

Because politics, beyond being the art of the possible, is a set of tools with which utopias are constructed and by which they are transformed into reality.

To manage policy, one needs the humility that teaches that the search for the truth requires that the people be always heard in the determination to lead one to pursue a better future even in the face of resistance by those who fear change. And I know these quite well in my country, as well as you know in your country.

There are also the virtues that have guided Brazilian society during its long-standing effort to create a Brazil that is renewed today by growth, freedom and social justice.

As your guest of the last few days, it has been a great pleasure for me to tell American society about this Brazil that is entering a new period in its development. The message I bring is simple, Mr. President — it is a message of the friendship that has always united our two countnes. It is a message that will be the basis of a new partnership from a nation that shares with the United States its aspirations for prosperity, freedom and peace.

On a more personal note, I cannot forget that in 1964, because of rumors of my imminent imprisonment, my wife decided that we should go into hiding. And I did the same. The very first visit I received in my refuge was that of the American consul in Sao Paulo, who had managed to contact us through our friends. He came to offer us a visa to the United States where we could live in freedom.

So thank you very much to you and to America. Afterwards, during the hard years of authoritarian governing in my country, it was also at American universities and foundations that I found encouragement and support.

Mr. President, in an expression of my confidence that relations between Brazil and the United States will be further strengthened and deepened, I would like to invite all to join me in a toast to the well-being of President Bill Clinton and Mrs. Hillary Clinton.

(A toast is offered.) Thank you very much. (Applause.)

at state dinner for Brazil President Cardoso Mr. President, Mrs. Cardoso, members of the Brazilian delegation, to all of our distinguished guests, Hillary and I are delighted to welcome you to the White House this evening. Mr. President, I learned many things about you today. But one thing sort of surprised me — I learned that as a young man you were drawn to a life of the cloth. The reason I learned that and found it surprising was my grandmother told me that I would make a good minister if I were just a little better boy. (Laughter.) And failing that, that I should go into politics. (Laughter.)

But I think for a long time your family and friends believe you were more likely to wear a Cardinal's red hat than a president's sash. Well, you embraced politics, and now you lead your great nation. But I can't help wondering whether after four months in office, after spending 2,880 hours dealing with Congress and fielding questions from the media, whether you ever wonder if you made the right choice. (Laughter.)

Let me say from the point of view of the people of the United States, you clearly made the right choice.

And it is obvious to all of us that your faith has remained a powerful part of your life. Otherwise, it would be difficult to explain how you have endured arrest, blacklisting and exile without giving into despair; difficult to explain that although the enemies of democracy forced you to listen to your friends being tortured, and later bombed the office where you worked, you never wavered from the ideals of tolerance and openness.

Those ideals animate your leadership in Brazil today and your quest for social justice for all the people whom you proudly represent. And you have added to them an academic's expertise in policy and economics, which I am pleased to note, you have refined by teaching at some of our finest umversities.

We have all been impressed by the results you have achieved, especially the success of your "Real Plan."

Mr. President, I have been very pleased for the opportunity to continue the personal conversation we began in Miami last year at the Summit of the Americas. The warm and productive relationship that we have established mirrors the relationship that is growing closer every day between our two countries. We have common interests — bringing free trade to the Americas, promoting sustainable development throughout our hemisphere, keeping peace around the world. And that relationship is more important than ever. I know from our discussions that we both believe Brazil and the United States have an opportunity, indeed an obligation, to be partners for progress in the Americas for all the years ahead. Today we have taken that partnership to a new level.

Let me also say, Mr. President, you know that you have come here, along with your wife and your fine delegation, at a very difficult time for our country.

And all the American people have been profoundly impressed and grateful by your expressions of condolence and sympathy and your assertion that we are all partners in the struggle against evil and inhumanity.

For that we are especially grateful, and we will never forget it.

So I ask all of you to stand and raise your glasses in a toast to President and Mrs. Cardoso and to the people of Brazil. (A toast is offered.) (Applause.)

18

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Just a little hand Declared a World Cultural Heritage Site

by UNESCO, the town of Ouro Preto has been at odds to preserve its centuriesold baroque patrimony at the same time that it tries to draw tourist to the city.

Now Ouro Preto's mayor, after a trip to the US, has received assurances of technical and professional help from the wealthy and maecenic Getty Institute.

CARLOS E. F. BARRETO The town of Ouro Preto, in Minas Gerais, is proud to have the largest homogeneous ensemble of baroque architecture in the world. This wealth is generously spread among its monuments, streets, alleys, churches and manors. The surrounding mountainous region creates an enchanting atmosphere. The city and the project work together in harmony to meet two goals: to preserve the historical roots of the city and to revive the local economy through the promotion of Ouro Preto as a tourist destination.

The local government has been having difficulties balancing economic development and urban planning with preservation of the city as a historical site.

There is an ongoing problem with deterioration of the buildings themselves and their interiors. In 1990, after concerns voiced by local merchants and their desire to preserve the historical site, the Ouro Preto City Hall together with the National Institute of Artistic and Historical Patrimony (IPHAN) instituted the Tiradentes Plaza Project.

The objectives of the project are to educate the local population about the necessity of preserving the architectural integrity, and to stimulate valuable cultural activities, in exchange for economic resources built upon tourism. The project moved to the next stage when the Getty Conservation Institute, part of the J. Paul Getty NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Trust, joined the efforts upon request of the local government.

The Getty Conservation Institute and the city of Ouro Preto are collaborating on the project to conserve the quality of life and urban fabric, focusing on the Praca Tiradentes (Tiradentes Plaza), and to provide hands-on technical and professional support to local officials in charge of conservation. The two parties agreed that the project will serve as an example for other urban areas and World Heritage cities and provide an excellent case study for hands-on international training.

The project has four objectives. Firstly, to design and conduct a public opinion survey regarding concerns such as traffic control, use of urban space, design and placement of signs, conservation of monuments and biiildings, and public participation. Secondly, to deign and coordinate a public relations campaign to inform the citizens of Ouro Preto of the value of conservation and to enlist their support of conservation activities. One important element of this campaign is the production of an educational exhibition.

A third aim is to conduct a traffic study in the area surrounding the Tiradentes Plaza to preserve the area and enhance the plaza's viability as an inviting public space. One final issue is the conservation of the Tiradentes Plaza including traffic re-routing, parking, transportation, and pedestrian issues to make more efficient use of the plaza.

Last April, the Tiradentes Plaza project, entered into a new phase of development. i The Getty Conservation Institute received a visit by Ouro Preto's Mayor, Angelo Oswaldo de AraUjo Santos, the Secretary of Culture and Tourism Mauro Werkema, and the representative of the IPHAN, Janice Nascimento.

During a busy three-day schedule they met with the Getty coordinators to evaluate the progress of the project, identify current needs and future activities, and to design an objective and action plan for the project to be implemented in the following months.

The picturesque colonial city of Ouro Preto, which means "black gold" in Portuguese, was named by the Portuguese Bandeirantes (the equivalent of the Spanish Conquistadores) in 1698, when the region's riverbeds reveale I to be rich in gold covered by a black layer of iron oxide.

In 1711, the city of Vila Rica de Ouro Preto (the Rich City of Black Gold) was founded. The rich mining town attracted the country's best craftsmen, 19

lege town. In 1839 the School of Pharmacy was created and in 1876, builders, and artists to erect a Cultural Herithe School of Mines, considered to be one of the best in the world, was tage of Humankind, a Monument City. The established. architectural jewel that is Ouro Preto inOver the years, Ouro Preto has undergone several mining cycles, cludes 13 churches, which were all built in first in gold and then in gemstones, followed by iron and aluminum, the 18th century, and are considered to be the and is the ideal location for a mining school. In 1944, the Federal finest examples of baroque architecture in Technical School was formed and in 1969 the Federal University of Brazil.

Ouro Preto was created.

The fountains, bridges, colonial mansions, The city itself is located at 1,150 meters (3,773 ft) above sea level, monuments and main plaza, PracaTiradentes, in a region characterized by several unusual rocky formations. The are all surrounded by cobblestone streets and surrounding area beholds wonderful natural scenarios, a great advenalleys. The town has an ambiance of lyricism ture for ecotourists. The region is rich in grottos, springs, rapids, and nostalgia that together with the romantirivers and waterfalls. cism of the Brazilians helps preserve that The Parque Ecologico Cachoeira da Andorinha is situated inside same beauty of the 18th century. of a rocky formation similar to a grotto, and has waterfalls as wide as Ouro Preto has been the stage for impor131 ft. The distinctive vegetation of the region's tropical forest is tant milestones throughout history. In 1721, home to a wide variety of fauna including exotic birds, wolves, the city was named the capital of the state of anteaters, and pumas. The ecological area is a protected nature reserve Minas Gerais, translated general mines, with where you can find many endangered species such as the invertebrate a population of 100,000 people. The town's Peripatus Acacioi considered to be a live fossil. past glory is still preserved in the architectural style of the city and in works by major artists, like Aleijadinho (the Little Cripple), born in Ouro Preto in 1738.

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LADECO, LAN CHILE, LACSA, In 1933, the Brazilian AEROLINEAS ARGENTINAS, AERO PERU government awarded Ouro AND UNITED AIRLINES. Preto status as a National Monument, and in 1980 it was named by UNESCO, a Valley Office (818) 785-8844 Cultural Patrimony of HuOrange County (714) 520-4535 mankind, a United Nations World Heritage Site. The city San Diego (619) 685-4080 gained international renown San Francisco (415) 292-1930 as a "living museum."

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NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Are Brazilians Smarter?

It seems that Brazilians have the innate gift for understanding Spanish without ever having to study it. Why can't other Latinos be more like the Brazilians when it comes to grasping the Portuguese language?

JAVIER NELSON AND ANITA FOUNTAIN

Javier's turn A while back I visited Bahia for a corference sponsored by a US-based academic associatio . Anxious to spend what little time I had really getting to know the country, I immediately sought uport arrival to distance myself from other tourists and plunge into the fabric of Brazilian life as quickly as possible.

A friendly employee of a local jewelry concern agreed to give me what amounted to a private introductory tour of those sights and attractions which "really mattered". Since my guide spoke English, the tour was quite easy for me as well as informative.

However, my ego would not permit me to simply submit to a tour given in the same language as the group (people from the US) I was trying to distance myself from. I would have preferred a Portuguese language tour. Even a Spanish language tour would have been a better option.

As a native Spanish speaker from the Dominican Republic, I felt I had that much more in common with my Brazilian hosts than the North Americans. "We Latins have a way about us," I told myself as I wandered through the streets of Salvador on the second or third day of my stay. I stopped at one of the market areas and tried to decide where to go next.

As is my custom in similar situations, I turned to ask a taxi driver about the location of some other shopping areas. Without thinking, I asked him my questions in Spanish and immediately realized my mistake. "Idiot!" I told myself, "Brazil is a Portuguese speaking country", I braced myself for a response of, at best, a blank look from the taxi driver.

I was astonished to hear his actual response, for instead of staring at me or berating me in Portuguese for speaking to him in the wrong language, he answered my questions in fluent Spanish. We then had a running conversation which covered nearly everything I could think of and which lasted nearly1 an hour.

NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

21

I asked my new-found friend if his mastery of Spanish was related to his work. I asked him if knowledge of Spanish was limited to certain occupations or educational levels. To both questions he answered "no". He seemed to be genuinely amused, "Everybody speaks Spanish" he said. "Why not"? He was right.

For the rest of my stay in Bahia, I cheated — that is, I spoke Spanish to everyone and convinced myself that I "went native" and got to know the country far better than a mere English speaker.

Whether that actually happened is debatable; however, I left Brazil with the distinct impression that they know us better than we know them. The fact that Brazilians speak Spanish far better than their Latin American Spanish speaking compadres speak Portuguese is one that I have often wondered about.

Anitas's turn Anita's experiences in Brazil, which are even more numerous, seem also to bear out this uncanny ability. Because Anita and I are both professors who use Spanish in the classroom, we decided to survey a number of Spanish speakers to see how well they actually knew Brazil and the Portuguese language. We traveled to survey a group of Spanish-speaking professionals, most of whom were from Latin American Spanish speaking countries. We asked them some simple questions about Brazil and the Portuguese language.

Among the questions: 1. "When did slavery end in Brazil?" 2. "What does the concept of saudade' mean"? 3.

"What is the name of a noted Brazilian martial art and what was it founded in response to"? and 4. "What is vatapa"? We also asked questions designed to get at the level of mastery of Portuguese.

Not surprisingly, our respondents knew relatively little of these common Brazilian themes (13%, 20%, 7%, 0% of our sample answered correctly for the respective questions above). Only 15% to 20% had a conversational knowledge of Portuguese.

Considering that these individuals comprised a group of Spanish speaking persons with a relatively high educational level, we were led to surmise that knowledge of Brazil and Portuguese by persons with lower educational levels would be quite less.

Why the difficulty with Portuguese among Spanish speakers?

22

Theories, of course, abound. Some point to the fact that it is simply a matter of the number of Latin American countries which have Spanish as the native language as opposed to just one major Latin American nation (Brazil) which has Portuguese as its native language. Spanish speaking Latin Americans have a choice of countries to visit and interact with little necessity for linguistic adjustment. On the other hand, although Brazil is almost as large as all other South American countries combined, it is still only one country, whose citizens, out of necessity, have to make a linguistic adjustment to Spanish if they are going to be crossing the borders. The presence of large numbers of Brazilians who speak Spanish may simply be an outgrowth of that fact.

Other theories, more linguistically oriented, point to the languages themselves. Portuguese, these theorists say, is a little more difficult, perhaps harder to pronounce, with more difficult subjunctives. Maybe switching to Spanish is conceptually easier than vice versa.

Still others turn to what they see as basic differences in the culture of Brazil as opposed to cultures of other Latin American countries. There is something about Brazil, they say, which makes Brazilians much more adaptable and open to other cultures.

Maybe they are simply more culturally sophisticated. Certainly, our appraisal of Brazilians, as people, is that they are singularly unique and predis-

posed to welcoming those from other cultures.

Ignorance of Portuguese and things Brazilian is by no means confined to Latin Americans.

North Americans probably know even less. At the present time, most public school districts in the United States are making strenuous efforts to increase their foreign language instruction.

Part of this is in response to an increase in Latin American immigration to the United States.

Accordingly, the most popular language taught is Spanish, but Portuguese is usually left out as a language. Fluency in languages other than English has neverbeen a US cultural characteristic. Although North Americans are just beginning to come to terms with Spanish, Portuguese seems to be virtually non-existent in terms of attention placed on it. Ironically, there has been an invasion of US culture, exemplified by US films to Brazil, for quite some time.

The irony of the so-called differences between Brazilians and Spanish speaking Latinos is that the Brazilians may be on to something: the Portuguese language is really not that hard for a Spanish speaker to learn. Of the two of us, Anita, an Argentine by birth, is fluent in Portuguese. A Cuban friend of Javier's who is fluent in Portuguese set out to prove to him that Portuguese is simple for a Spanish speaker to learn. On his return from his Brazilian visit, she told him the similarities in verb formations and conjugations and then showed him certain pronunciation differences such that he was able to connect Spanish and Portuguese usage. In no time at all he was not only speaking a rudimentary form of Portuguese, but he was also understanding a lot more of the oral language.

Although Javier has forgotten most of the Portuguese he has learned, (due to lack of practice), the point has been made, in this instance and in many others. When it comes to Portuguese and Brazil, Spanish speakers have a lot to learn!

As if you didn't already know, the answers to the four questions above are as follows: 1. 1888; 2. It can roughly be translated by longing or homesickness; 3. Capoeira. This martial-art fight-dance was created by black slaves who had fled from captivity. 4. A typical Northeast dish, ratapd is a purĂŠe of dried smoked shrimp, ground peanuts and cashews, colorfully seasoned.

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Exchange students. Claudio is the first on the left, Mariela the second from the right.

From Brazil with love Claudio and Mariela. One is from Brasilia, the other from Araraquara, in the state of Sao Paulo. Both are teenagers who decided to make America as exchange students. Their inspiring stories may put a new spin on the way you see intercultural interchange.

CHRISTINE BUCKLEY This time last year, two Brazilian high school students were making plans to boldly leave behind the comfort and security of all that was familiar to them to embark upon the

/11W° C audio with his host parents. .,-..x.1.404.1.44.416.3.4*****red44e44,4*.a0+

adventure of their young lives. In most respects, these two young people had seemed until now to be typical teenagers.

They, like most teens, enjoyed listening to music, reading exciting novels, and going out with friends. However, there existed a special quality within these students that set them apart from the crowd. Claudio Albuquerque, 17, and Mariela Fernandes, 16, had made a decision to become international exchange students.

Though they had not previously met, Claudio and Mariela shared a dream. They wanted to make a difference in the world. These two young people believed that by sharing their culture with people from all nations, and keeping their minds open to the cultures of others, they would help bring their planet one step closer to lasting peace.

Claudio and Mariela would soon be en route to the United States to spend five months of their lives learning what it's like to be a member of an American family and a student at an American high school. Claudio would be the first to realize his dream, and Mariela would follow shortly after.

In August, 1994,,Claudio departed from his suburban home outside of Brasilia for Los Angeles, California to attend a three-day student orientation sponsored by the Foundation for International Understanding (FIU), the student exchange orNEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

23

ents' experience during the five-month program was ganization responsible for Claudio during his stay in so good, in fact, that they could not America. The orientation gave Claudio the bear to part! So, Claudio opted to knowledge and essential skills for a sucextend his participation in the FIU cessful stay in the US, as well as an opporprogram to a full academic year and, tunity to meet the staff of his exchange in the meantime, pursue an Ameriorganization and more than 70 other Bracan high school diploma. Jim and zilian teenagers who shared his dream.

Deborah gladly welcomed the opFollowing the orientation, Claudio eaportunity to continue hosting Claudio gerly flew to San Diego, California, to for the additional five months. meet his new host parents, Jim Hribar and But please don't call them "nice" Deborah Sollohub Hribar. Needless to say, for doing so! "People always say all parties were more than a little nervous. 'what a nice thing you're doing'," This was the first time Claudio had ever Deborah explained, "but I didn't do traveled abroad, and he had little knowlthis to be nice. My benefit is so edge of American culture apart from what great!" She then added, "If I had a he had seen on television. child, I wouldn't want him to be Jim and Deborah had no children of different in any way from our their own and, though they had previously Claudio." hosted younger short-term (four-week) Claudio's program extension exchange students, they had little idea what permitted him to spend his April to expect from a teenager who would live spring break in San Francisco with in their home for five whole months. Howhis host family. But more immediever, there did exist an important link ately, it provided him with the opbetween the members of this new familyportunity to meet Mariela Fernandes. to-be: A thirst for cultural exchange.

Mariela joined FIU's Academic This all important key, coupled with a Year Program in January 1995 from shared interest in boating, was enough to her home in the Brazilian city of open the door to a bond of love and friendAraraquara for a five-month stay. ship. And how long did it take this bond to Like Claudio, Mariela was introdevelop? According to Deborah, "After duced to America at an orientation three days, Claudio was not a guest; he was in Los Angeles. Also like Claudio, absolutely, positively a family member."

Mariela's host family lives in San The key to achieving such an immediDiego. ate success in the host family-student relaAt the time, host parents Shawn tionship is in the attitude of the particiand Lucy Schwartzenberger were no pants. "You need to be open," Claudio strangers to parenthood. They have advised. "There are many new things to two children of their own — Laura, learn; it is a change in your kind of life."

10, and Paul, 6 — and had previIndeed, there is no shortage to the ously hosted six exchange students, changes that have taken place for Claudio including another Brazilian teenage and the Sollohub-Hribars. "It's a new famgirl. "Once you've hosted one time," ily -type responsibility," Jim explained. said Lucy, "you're going to do it all "We spend a lot of time talking about the time!" things with Claudio, addressing any probMariela No doubt, it's the enthusiasm of lems he may be having. We also go to students like Mariela that inspires parent-teacher nights at school and help families to continue hosting. "Everybody should try him with his homework." It is obviously a responsibilthis!" Mariela exclaimed. "All students should be ity they very much enjoy. open-minded to other people's cultures. They should School is an important aspect of Claudio's exbe willing to accept new things and to learn." change experience. The FIU program in which Claudio Indeed, Mariela has tried many new things during is involved is the Academic Year Program, and all her stay in America. "I play badminton now," said students are required to maintain at least a "C" averMariela, "and I go bowling. Before, in Brazil, I did not age in their local American high school. This has not play many sports, but now I try different things. posed a problem for Claudio. In fact, he has found America was my introductime to participate in his tion to sports." school's intercultural club and America also provided on the school swim team in adMariela with an introducdition to meeting his academic tion to some new rules. At requirements. He has also, like her Brazilian high school, most teenagers, managed to HELP MAKE DREAMS OF COMING TO make time for outings with AMERICA TRUE FOR A 15-18-YEAR-OLD she was not required to do homework. In the Schwarfriends.

BOY AND GIRL BY BECOMING A tzenberger household, Though Claudio has found HOST PARENT things are very different, some wonderful Brazilian however. Lucy explained, friends at school, he cautions "We let Mariela know from his fellow exchange students, the start that homework is "You should definitely make friends with Americans, not WE OFFER BRAZILIANS AND MANY OTHER very important and that it is expected. only Brazilians. It's a good exNATIONALITIES. SHOW OUR YOUNG THE We also let her know perience to make friends with JOYS OF AMERICA. CALL TODAY! that we are here to help other cultures."

Claudio's and his host parPACE Institute International an Educational Foundation her." Lucy believes that

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NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

host parents should play an active role to help their students succeed in school. "Host parents should always meet the school counselor," she said. "If you have a friendly relationship with the counselor, you'll know any time your student may be having a problem."

"Problem" is a word not used much in Mariela's vocabulary.

For this bright young lady, every new encounter becomes a thrilling experience. Her most exciting experience to date? "On spring break, my host family and I went to San Francisco for ten days, and I met my [host] grandparents!"

According to host dad Shawn, his parents loved Mariela.

"Oh, yeah," said Shawn, "we've made a friend for life! That's how I'm teaching my kids to look at it." He continued, "Like anything else, you learn as you go. Then, the first thing you know, you're like a real family!"

When asked if he would consider hosting an exchange student again, Shawn responded, "Oh, there's definitely going to be a next time! As a matter of fact, we're planning to get a bigger house so we'll have a spare bedroom for a student. We're never going to quit!"

Shawn's fondness for Mariela and his support for international exchange have been successfully passed on to his children. "I love Mariela," said ten-year-old Laura, who shares a bedroom with her Brazilian sister. "Having people from different countries as a brother or a sister is the best!" Why is it the best?

"Because you learn things, and they're nice people!"

Laura doesn't plan to limit her student exchange experience to hosting, however. "I'm going to be an exchange student," she announced.

She wants to study in Japan, Ireland and, of course, Brazil. "I'm going to learn Portuguese for when I go to Brazil," said Laura. "Mariela's helping me!" Like all exchange students, Mariela takes pride in teaching her American family about her native country.

"She's also teaching us what it will be like to have teenagers around the house," said Lucy. Understanding teenagers will certainly be beneficial for Lucy. Not only will her own children one day reach that challenging period of their lives, but she will also be working a great deal with teenagers in the very near future. Lucy has decided to become a placement counselor for the Foundation for International Understanding, the organization that introduced Mariela to the Schwartzenberger family.

A placement counselor is responsible for locating caring, volunteer host families for exchange students and providing counseling support to the students and families for the duration of the exchange program. "Now that we've hosted two longterm [academic year] students and so many short-term [fourweek] students," Lucy explained, "I know it's what I want to do!" She continued, "A lot of people tell me I'll be a great placement counselor, but I'm a little nervous about finding good host families."

What is a good host family? Probably one very much like yours. A good host family is open-minded and eager for cultural exchange. To ensure that the student experiences true American

culture, all family members are at least secondgeneration American. As volunteers, host families do not seek monetary gain but, rather, the rewards of building friendships between the people of different nations. A host family need not have the traditional family make-up; it is just two or more related individuals living in the same home. The.home need not be large; to these students, it's really the size of your heart that counts.

All that is required is a room and three meals a day. And you need not worry about having a spare bedroom; your child and the student will love being roommates, just like Laura and Mariela. After all, your student will not be a guest, he or she will be a member of your family.

Certainly, good families provide the foundation on which great kids like Claudio and Mariela have a chance to build a better future for themselves and, one day, for their children. Cross-cultural understanding is a gift to be passed on from one member to another within our global family.

We are fortunate indeed to have students like Claudio and Mariela, and families like the Sollohub-Hribars and the Schwartzenbergers, striving toward this goal on behalf of ourselves and future generations.

And what does the future hold for these model Brazilian students? Claudio is in the process of taking his Scholastic Aptitude Test on the chance that he may return to America to attend college.

Mariela will graduate from her high school back home next year and then pursue a college degree at a Brazilian university. Both students have proven themselves to be the very capable leaders of tomorrow.

If you would like to make a difference in your family's tomorrow by hosting a Brazilian exchange student for five or ten months, or by working as a placement counselor to ensure that a young student's stay in America is a success, please call the Foundation for International Understanding at 1-800-2-FAMILIES. More wonderful students, very much like Claudio and Mariela, are eagerly waiting to find out who will be their American host families when they arrive in the United States in August. Help them to make a difference in their life.., and yours.

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Ha urn sol brilhando dentro de ti. E a presenga do Cristo no teu coragdo.

Nao ihe empanes a claridade corn as nuvens do mau humor, da revolta, da insatisfagdo...

A luz que vem do exterior clareia, mas, projeta sombra, quando enfrenta qualquer obstaculo.

0 teu sot interior jamais provoca treva, porque ilumina de dentro para fora, em jorros abundantes.

Usando o combustivel do amor, tua luz se fard sempre mais poderosa, irradiando-se, abengoada, em todas as diregOes. Permite, pois, que brilhe a tua luz em toda parte.

JOANNA DE ANGELIS Mensagem psicografada pelo medium "Divaldo Pereira Franco", retirada do livro "Vida Feliz". Para obtencao de mensagens gratuitas e literatura espirita, telefone para Peter Cosentino at (415) 695-9414, mande urn Fax para o Centro Espirita Dr. Humberto de Campos: (415) 695-1818

Ou escreva para o seguinte endereco: Centro Espirita Dr. Humberto de Campos

236 West Portal Ave. #401 - San Francisco, CA 94127 NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 19

0 olhar dourado do abismo OLGA SAVARY Conhecia 0 gosto da palavra medo, conhecia o cheiro da palavra medo. o som da palavra nib tendO primazia sobre ela. Intim a vocaciio dos abismos C nib sabia.

Ainda iiibo entendera ao certo se a possibilidade major estava no primitivo, nas coisas primitivas. on no requinte. Porque fundamental era o misterio c misterio nos dois havia. ha estava na restinga, 0 tapim chegaya-lhe aos tornozelos como poderia atrevidamente tocar-lhe 0 alto das coxas, 0 mar vinha na salsugem ate sett tforpo mina especie de andar como 0 coleante andar 1 a s serpentes.

Nunca vita olhar mats sensual, mais direto. MaiS provocador e animal do que esse olhar itmido e duro a um sit tempo. elicit) de deselo dela. mas sem ternura alguma: son ten inimigo, te matarei de priver e i nto terei piedade 0 (Altar dourado do abismo. o olhar-cor-de-mel-da-paixao-puramenteanimal-sem-a-menor-ternura. urgente. na restinga.

Homem algum a Milla olhado assim antes, tiio friamente. COM essa frialdade de posse. De imediato. esse olhar criou um do (pulse arquetipico entre os dois, tuna cumplicidade. Ninguem jamais a tinha olhado assim e assim penetrado esse porno perdido de, sua consciencia de set lambent. sObita e violentamente, um animal, corn esse magma a rugir nas entranhas comb um animal no cio.

Como teria ele entrado de sett inconsciente para a clareira de situ consciencia? Depois de Gamianc?

Este olhar: a figuracilo de um sonho? Apanbada na armadilha. os pontos nevralgicos da paixio cm sett corpo —os pes em primeiro lugar. quase oriental que era, a mica. 0 longo do dorso, a parte de fora das ancas. o interior das coxas. a vulva --- forain tornados como tuna fortaleza de assalto por este Toda tuna sarca ardente. sentia-se tambem um animal.

Sua consciencia se esvaia, estranha c febril. COMO (WM rapida perda da memOria. Nunca tivera sido tat) laea como ciao, retletida nesse olhar.

Feras agora. os mitsculos de ambos estavam retesados. possessos. Suit sede'? lJrn castelo de aottas? So abrasamento e frnia essa airily-1o. I bode. planto em ti um lardiijde crinas e de espantos.

0 olhar mais sexy clue tinha visto. 0 olhar dourado do itbismo. E era de um bode.

UPZ4C5

da Cornualha

RACHEL JARDIM Senhor

ie

NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

Estou sentindo o cheiro do VOSSO corpo no melt leito.Vosso (Aldo recende as urzes que medram na Cornualha. Nunez' as vi. nem nunca as semi.

Inas imagino assim o sett perfume, que deve perpassar Has noites de verao pelt) castelo de vosso pai. Vosso pelo e preto e selvagem: nao se parece coin trigo dottrado que recobre Os lithos da ilha de Albion.

Nibo so vosso cheiro resta no men leito, acabo de recolher dde Hos de vossos cabelos e guarda-los um por urn na caixa de prata coin a cut/ de pedras, onde conservo as santas reliquias. presente de men pai quando tome! habit°. 'lambent Os lencóis vos guardam todo: cada amassadura e uma ferida. e neles me OfiVOIVO coberta de . chagas como esvaida em sangue. Os travesseiros quc guardaram vossa vigilia repousant agora sobre 0 meu sexo: apaziguo-o coin a frieza do linho.

I la pottco caminhei nun por todo o quarto. passando as milos pelas paredes frias, contaminadas de x'ossa presenya. Tentei transferir parit Os seres inanimados o logo que queima em mirn, demais para suportar stvinkt.

Esfreguei 0 rosto coin a neve acumulada no patamar da limela: descobri que a neve C logo congelado. Viestes encher mett quarto onde havia to poucas coisas. Agora ludo esta repleto de Os. No me posso mexer sem encontrarvos. Ihn insOlito calor recobre as allatas antes enregeladas. apenas vosso adeus crayon cm men peito 0 aco frio de itm punhal.

A volitpia doi, Senhor: Os a fizestes doer em mim. Conheci o latego e cilicio: ignorava que lambent outras clines poderiam set insuportaveis.

Sabia 'Cxtase da came macerada, quando o esPirito parece abandonar 0 corpo e levitar como a abelha de asas transparentes. Men corpo sorveu de tuna so x•ez a volirnia que nibo turns do que a alma cu permitira.

Penetrastes-me no mais fundo de mint, na escura noite. desconhecestes os melts Hittites. Deixei de set etm . mergulhei sem identidade no rio caudaloso em que vos trimsfitrinastes e me arrastates.

0 luar iluminou o crucifix° que vos mostrei ern cima do men leito. loi dada a Ele curto prazo para resgatar o tnundo criado pelo Pai. ninon-111e 29

tempo par conhecer 0 amor humano. Quis ofertar-lhe o praier das minhas entranhas, tal comb tantas VC/CS lhe ofertara o latego e cilicio.

Presenciou calado sobre o leito a came exaltada: a inocencia conspurcada nao !he Provocou nenhum esgar no rosto.

Sei que me amastes c me perseguistes sem tregua desde o primeiro momento cm que me vistes, apesar de vossa pouca idade e da minha. mais longinqua que a vossa. pois me foi dad() esse amor no tempo de madmen'. Caistes prisioneiro do men rosto antes de conhecerdes minim nude/. e sci que ele vos seguitt envolto em brumas nas charnecas de vosso pals. inland() regressastes, perdida a esperanca de me reencontrar. Sei cute amastes a minim vol e suits modulaciles, e a julgastes doce e grave.

Jima stes a minim forma de andar jogando as pernas. e sobretudo os ohms. (tilde sem peias brilha esta paixao.

Amei-vos em tudo, a vossa pequena estatura que vos fazia tat) fragil e desvalido como cello trovador de vosso pais, que me ensinou cm crianca a melancolia de liver. Amei vosso silencio ao contemplar-me e vossa VOZ. quando falastes. Vossa voz era O vosso corpo.

N ) me tentastes coin° Satanas, antes vos acercastes humilde, divers° dos homcns tine tomam a miller como presa stta. E me cantastes calicoes das disunites Gain's e ine dissestes versos all som do alititde. Nio foi precis° o vosso toque para que 0 sentisse cm minim came quando me contemplaveis. Nascia de mim inesma cada vet que derramav e is ein mim a brasa do vosso olhar.

Oferecestes-me as estacoes do ano. o flux° da vida. Eu estav a mergulhada na eternidade. onde 0 tempo 6 iimttavel. Nada sabeis desse merguilt° fund°, nem dessa possessilo de Deus. que penetra mais lunge do 'me penctrastes em mim. l.scutai. pois. men veredito.

Sabeis por certo da loucura da raca portuguesa; a de Dom Pedro que. morta Ines, fe-la minim: a de Dom Sebastiao, cute ensandeceu de loucura. 0 amor humano gasta-se em Si mesmo. Nio repctirei jainais esta none. quero-a apenas para mini. sem dividi-la. Agora conheco a volimia: estou livre cairn pant conhecer a santidade.

Deixo-vos a SOS convosco, guardada a panic que !icon comigo e (pie ofertarei a Deus cm vosso nome. A Fie cabe 30

avaliar vossa presenca em mitn.

Soror Maria do Amor Divino, Abadessa •

Mulher Zentada na Fireia ARENATA PALLOTI NI Olha . de alt se .Mostrando; lambent, pudera: v tine e dois anos'deidadc. eorpo moreno de sol, cabelo louro de parafiniL Muscules. pele lisa, suave no estOmago. nas costas, no interior da curva dos bracos. Pelos da medidaexata no higar exato: o bastante para the dam mu leve ar de animalidade c os cabelos no muito compridos, mas cheios, coroando aquela cabeca de vencedor. de lefto jovem. Pois e, vencedor. Vencedor de que'? Nio sci. So posso liter que, sobre tuna prancha de stale. retesando as perms e brilhando a0 sot. eh: 6 tenso e finne como 0 coito bem-sucedido. E me da a mesma especie de pram. Nib brinco: pcnetrando o olho de tuna onda espumejantc, comb se estivesse beirando lima tacit, dc consegue me levar ao orgasm°. Integral, perfeito, como ha muito. como nunca terei tido.

Sento-me de repente, me endireito sentada sobre areia da prilia, as pemas unidas: de me toma em Si e en vtio corn dc, esse jovem estitpido e forte.

Digo mais: nem na cama (porque (emos tambem as quem Hie paga, liii quinze dias, este nossas noites belo hotel?) nein na (mina consigo o deleite oleoso. imponderavel .e Umido que posso obter nestas manhas, sozinha nesta praM, etiquanto o lido avancar, consciente. contra o mar, c depois vir. como um louco, na onda. primeiro sobre cla e depois dentro dela. primeiro sobre o men cap° e depois dentro de mini!

La esta de se mostrando: naquele grupo de jovens ha homens emulheres: a quem quererti ele impressionar?

Curvou a metade do corpo e setts mnsculos se desenharam sob a pele. Levantou-se agora e sett vulto tapou 0 sol. Fala lie mim: vejo (pre fala a men respeito.

Estilo tômnando sorvete: mostra-me o sorvete de longe. como se o estivesse oferecendo, e depots soni, porque sabe que en ito posso tomar sorvete. Aos cingtienta anos lien muito dificil manter a linha, c mu sorvete passa a set Um inimigo. Etc ri coin us outros, posso ten o que dizem setts hibios cruets de saudavel idiota: ila nao toma sorvete porcine engorda.Os labitis cnieis do sattdavel idiota; au. mas sabem percorrer o corpo, aqueles labios. lie defende muito bem o seu sorvete diario. a sun prancha de surfe. o sett sono. Deve,se SerjOsto, etc tem talent°. Devo reconhecer ate a Stla paciencia, porque corn certcza se necessita paciencia pain, ratite apOs none, por quinze dias, beijar os oaesmos recOnditos pontos de um corpo desprezado, de Mu corm.que nAo. definitivamente nao nos ittrai.

E no Otranto me atrai. o corpo dele. 13eijo-o todo, muitas vezeS, especialmente a tarde, quando, depois do sett almoco franc° de homem e das minhas saladas inacuas, deitamo-nos, etc donne e eu 0 0 lho, desejando-o corm a inn Ow de leite, como a urn hausto de an. Estott sempre fantinta, e Os meus longos vazios querem ser prdemlcllidOS todos, todos preenchidos. En o desperto entao, beijMido-r) mans do que devia, e ele resmungit e me afasta. Mas, par me afastar, deve tocar-me. E de tat fonna estoti a sett lado, e de maneira to desastrada etc me toca c é tudo tio casual c tao medido que. ao me repelir, cleineenvolve —on en me envolvo em mim — e caminhainas juntos para um moment° lute deve chegar, que ha de chegar, quando en consigo sobrepor dims imagens que andavam separadas e, como no cimo de urn monte iluminado. chego ao prazer final: luz aquecida, clardo azulado e depois um perfume podre que jib vai MOrrendo.

Mas nunea como na praia, olhando-o no longe perfurar o Mar:- Mantcnho o corpo firme com duas maos sobre a areia, e consigo ser tilo casual como sc estivesse apenas tomando sal. Sim. aquela mitlher — -veja actin& Mulher! Po, rapaz, como 6 que clas conseguem?

CnuMenta anos no minim°, cinquenta anos e oiha

aquclas coxas, amide peito!

Tambem, qual e a vantagem. oinastica. regime. massauem e r mmitiica esquecendo a operaciio plastica. nibo C. 0 men. as operaciies plasticas. corm aqui. remenda ali c tudo beim vai-se a celulite, o scio fica durinho — &until°. mas coin aquele gosto de truta hem madura que ett vou te dizer, quando se Inuit() aprecia o genero melhor. e tuna senhora trepada. daquelas que a mulher sabc o que fat. mas nao fat pot profissiio. porque puma c puta. mas essas iio. essas Silo mulheres honestas. de pottco homem, em genii mil conlidas as pampas, (incest:10 num atraso desgracado e ai C que e born. e Join. }mimic tudo o que voce da e maravillm. ems gemem tacitfacil c voce. alem de gozar. ainda sal achando line 6 0 union e vat ver voce CO major mesmo. mulch' 6 on na0 e?mulher que esta tomando sot..

Tomando sot. Pois sim.

Estou queimando o sol, estou abrasando o sot. estou derretendo a arch'. 1 stott aqui. desquitada, ma 1-amada a meio c inn Mho da vida. Viii. iii I. c flat) India visto nada. De repente. 0 garomo. um problema anatomic°. um problema psicologico. tuna descontracilo, que set en? So sei que tot. clue C. que en quero mantel- send° tun mazer mortal.

Mortal. ett digo'? Digo. sim.

Porcine me atrelo a esse meninao gostoso e von afundando na areia, afundando na arcia como uma estaca bat ida no top° e tudo dm prol de tuna explosao e o que e essa explosao'? I itna drcnagem que me limpa e. pelo tarn°, me =alma.

Agora sentou-se. 0 safado.

Acabou o sorvete. enterrou 0 palito na areia e convcrsa coin uns e otttros, lustros') de snot e creme de bronzear. concessao que me fez par que en gozasse dela, do mais prazer de cuidar do sett corpo, recobrindo-o.

E 0 que e que eu cspero, men Deus? Que etc venha quando quiser, coma o (ivanto puder, durma para digerir e depois se sirva dc mim (on me sirva, isto o mais exato) '?

Contar-lhe do men gamin) quando etc esti' no mar. empinado, creto, isto en nib0 fact). Nibo C sib obsceno, e antes humilhante. Nib fag° e se fizesse en set que perderia esse doce scgredo que e sib melt e da areia que me acolhe. Nib o taco. Pago as diarias. pago o surfe, pago a paraffin,. junto as pernas, contrail) 0 recort ado abdomen...

Inas estou calada e nem gemido men na praia alguem ha de (Alvin 0 pior silo as palavras dele: as palavras to duras e Inas.

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

cuidadosamente escolhidas para oscilar entre o insult() e a exc it itc ao ) insult() MarMarado at OUN'ido na hora da cOpula passa por ser incitamento. e as vezes e. Sei muito bent no entanto que. pant etc, no ire vir do sett corpo duro. -minha coroa gostosa-é tuna forma de chicotada e que de se vinga UM segundo antes de me dar o sett co met! prazer. Mas me encolho e aceito. submissa. Eu. (me podia ser sua mac!

Malditas sejam estas palaras Ontem. etc inc ameacou. disse que vai-se embora e que nao tell) mats saco. Palavras suas. As vezes pensomue vou morrer. sem de. sem suas manilas de surfe. sem sua penetracilo. de sot. de onda. de dardo brilhante e de espuma.

No entanto. materialinente. seria fact] Se en me levantasse da incia. agora. pegasse minha toalha. itgora. sell) olhar pant os lados. se en andasse pela praia agora, cm direcao ii avenida. o (Inc aconteceria'?

Nada. He esta entretido coin os rapates (ah. mats coin os rapazes do (we corn as mocas! Nth) Inc in.

Sc en tomasse um banho de chtiveno. x•estisse tima roupa branca, penteasse os cabelos. me pintasse... lie continua la. e como se o visse. vej0-0, pela janela. Pensa que me ofendeu e esta feliz.

Mais Lucia hora e vira em busca da sit a feijoada C ompleta no restattrante do ultimo andar. Se ett pagasse a COIlla. alTulnasse as Mal aS_ partisse. N'oltasse pant Casa. tendo perdido imenas um prazer diminuto. de minutos.

CU) troca da cabeca levantada. da cabeca de animal. de femea, de cachorra, de cadela, de tun bicho do sexo feminino. mentor pastor. mentor guia. melhor guarda? Nao morrerei se remit:to ao lie continua na praia.

0 aviao sai denim de um quarto de hora. 0 aviao sai agora. esta saindo. Aperto 0 cinto e levant() a cabeca. A mensagem e resistir. 0 motivo e coragem. 0 aviao levanta veto.

A tireia ficou para tras.

Nib 0 morn. Militia sobrevivencia inclui a lemea e o ser human°.

Sou uma mulher. l'.11 soli.

Chave na F'echadura CECILIA PRADA Iroti slim'? 0 que voce titter dizer coin isso'? 0 =offload°

carnal de seios-nadegas-coxas exibidos nits bancas?

Eros'? 0 deuzinho grego desocupado? Eros. volimias ‘'olutas. devem ser coisas muito redondas talvez c ire ulos (le fumaca se dissolvendo no at. Ott rendas francesas, freiras Nioladas, cliches adolescente-versus-mulher madura, coristas nuas de meias pretas, essas coisas?

Eu so te direi: tropeco. Engasgo. 0 Omit() nao vindo.

Mas de todo jeito, posso distender os membros. melts bracos em arco, men corpo aqui, todo inteiro, os sons meandricos do jazz se a longando ( volitpias/volutas) C te entregar, no varejo, alguns dados, escasso roteiro: Como 6 meu erotismo'? Das zonas ditas erooenas, parece que tres na mulher — assim em genii nos delimitam, os tecnocratas da sensibilidade — os que nos dizem de ca pa ra la. dali ate aqui. botoezinhos de came on de sensibilidade pant apertar na hora certa...

Das zonas ditas erogenas. a que prefiro 6 a /01111 de leve.

E essa ma() que acaricia — pele to viva e nits pontas, e innida e esperando. reconheco-me — mao de leve, asa de borboleta, mao peluda embora de homem rocando-me e de repente! au! um apertao, tuna chamada violenta, assim son en pre-oozando a posse na mao que desliza macia e pode se Cornar (quase) senhora de mim, mao que se fecha, que me tem, que me tgarra, e neste diz a aoarramento en me sentindo mais en. E voce ttlao que possui minha carne. E 0 corpo que a possui, num moment() posterior: eis-tros, nes (lois corn existencias indiscutiveis. 0 estar-na-cama pode ser o estar-no-mundo...

"Nem sempre. nem sempre- diz, tocando um silo enferrthado, um rato de &tilos que mora na minha memoria. E coil) um riso muito mesquinho lembra-me silencios. frieza de lencois, men corpo abandonado... A cama, lambent, 6 tuna dimensao do disparate existencial.

Do desacordo de duas solidOes. No. No divago. Isto tudo C questionamento. on 6 a ‘ivencia mita sobnindo pelos poros, nao posso'?

Mas voce, concreto e eficiente, quer que en the collie tuna estOria erotica. E o pior que titter esttiria com essa grafia absurdamente neologizada. 0 que sei e de hisitirias, essas que vein da infancia, coloridas e corn h. tuna e historic'? Corn comeco, meio e Mas fim? Ta bent. Talvez te conte, mesmo que nao tenha muito que ver corn as volitpiasivolutas enfumacadas do comeco. Uma estoria (seja) de desacordo. desencontro.

De era tuna tel um casamento (pie durava dez /MOS. E de dulls pessoas que ficaram casadas, se desentendendo. se desencontrando. E que tiveram um belo moment() de reencontro. De prazer. De uniao. Enfim. Isso, dez anos depois do casamento e alguns dias antes do divorcio.

Serve?

(Alt, voce se theitou todo no sofa, menino atento, debrucado sobre esse campo ultimo e nao devassado ainda do voyeurismo internacional -- o da minter madura.)

No namoro, um namoro enfim. Nos experimentamos um pow°, pelos cantos e sombras, como todo mundo, oil como todo immdo daquele tempo. Num fim de semana em que a familia viajou, nos afofamos na cama de casal. Mas a medo. Como dois meninos que ainda brincam. e que brincam tardiamente, ocupados que estiveram ate entao em fazer todas as licOes escolares e ser os primeiros da classe. Inexperientes. Ansiosos.

Inibidos. E coil) can-adas de culpa, C claro. Fazia calor, tinhamos ido a praia antes. Sethi dor de cabeca, urn principio de internacao. Ele disse,-vem, vou te preparar um banho gostoso-, e na banheira comecou a passar a esponja, coil) uncao, na minha pele queimada de sol.

Coin tanto carinho. Coin into desejo. Eti pensava: "Volt me casar coin de. Von set- to feliz.- Depois, voltamos para a cama. Doeu. era a primeira vez e eu the disse. rindo: -Gostava mais quando voce se) brincava comigo-, laaS fill fofttra da tarde eramos jovens c felizes.

Casamos. Ele queria chegar logo em casa, vindo do trabalho. Sett passo largo no corredor. Minha espera. 0 sinal, a chave na fechadura. 0 corpo dele, o querer dele que era tambem o men, a forca dele, sett impeto, eu me

sentia feliz.

Nisto que te disse. • -eti inc ei s-me (phase scntia feliz parando, nos meus tropecos mimic retrato do nlbum (lite a genie seine que nno deve ser mexido. Doi. Porque e ulna estOria de amor. te disse. Mas quero forcar-me. Nesta Miura da vida, men (lever e Inlar Devo contar esta estoria 'mina indagacno. De come os saes que se amain, depois de alguns anos de easamento...

Sim, eramos felizes 1:mbora tivesse havido de minha pat te Luna deeepcno. Por que meu _Oven), men Inuit() ;o vein amigo, (phase toda 'minter se deeepciona coin 0 marido ansioso e inexperiente cssa voce jzi ouvin por ccrto. nMi? Ele vinha, queria tomar-me sem mais, assim como um brinquedo novo recem-descoberto. mei° depressa — aquelc carinho. aquela 11I100 da esponla que me passava no corpo antes flat), nada mais disso. Lu me deixava tomar. Inas pensav a Sint() nada-. 1:sse pensamolt() era tuna pedra que cilia na miiiha solidno. 11111 muro chlorine de pedra que erescia entre 'Ms (lois. Eli guts (Mam. quis dizer a etc. difieil tambem -Sinto a expressno. mas que esti' faltando at pima Lie broil 0 eachimbo da boca (isso. Me foi mais tante. numa noite fria. tills (lois anos de easados) e respondcu see() e defensivo: No sei do (Inc voce quer falai- . En me sinto perfeitamente feliz no easamento Sc voce nit° estiver. pode se separar.Mas no inicio. uma noitc. ja todo dentro de mini e prOximo do gozo, de se controlou Sc dc retirou. Corn um impaciencia lembrou-se (lunarterthought, Inv dear) do nicht corpo, da minha pele within a acariciar-me Inas. Como aquilo que te disse antes. numa tecnocracia da scnsibilidade. aperta aqui. ac elide a hit inha au i on nao Mende... Intendett?

Posso dizer: foi esse -ahr de imnpaciCncia qtie de st rui It nosso easamento. Porque o qtte eu pensava "entno as cartc ias de antes. 0 envolvimento de mites, nada era... o (hue lhe interessa agora e thio-somente isto'?11ma onda se fechou sobre mhn naquele dia. percebi, pant sempre.

Ou quase para sempre No te disse que esta e a estoria do desencontro de dulls pessoas que se amavam. e que se reeneontraram num breve miunto, dez anos depots do casamento, alguns dias antes do divOrciac?

Sc nao nos faltivamos° No 31

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

1105

os 1105505 deSC011-

lefililment Os?

Nao. I. clam al "a genese c a anatomia do silencio-. (ioston? 0 silenc io. meu amigo, nao e SO nao falar. 0 silencio e man. E casco de ferida que se adensii. as pessoas ao se fechando dentro del a. :Fudo o que Illachuca. vai ficando sew reincxer. Pode ser ate que as pa la vi as venham. numa tentativa Mos o pior e o esforco de fakir E sentir 0 impotencia de dizer. Ou 0 thlor indireto. Vu desajeitado. se estripando nos pontos Fonipas de um entendimcnto que se desmanc ha totalmen te. que coda vet Ica ph or. aquele .-nao qucrer magoor 0 (intro-. cada urn pensa. e 0 entrincheiramento nos defesos. )I he. ii que voce estO tzlo de boca aguada por literatura di to -enitica-. you te dizer: ele trivia para casa. quem Salle Sc num esforyo to deszneitado de dizer algo. monies de revistas crOficas. At esta. A mascara do silencio 0 dislarce do medo.

Porque e so a pc le do gente que pode offender. esta e a verdade.

I.:ntao a leitura. a figura. 0 papa II rev ista. prelextos para 0 distanciamento. 0 clue pode tuna tovem in tither pensar ao ver sua coma a barrotada de corpos nus recent-chegados do ayougue. perfeitos scull dnvida, um abarrotamento de comes de todos os feitio' I sso melhora OS COf SOS.)

(hi comprava livros Sabe, o tipo hiS marias-bonapart es da vida coin suas prelecOes abobaMiklos sobre a chamoda "sexualidade fentinina - e tipo isso do (iikovate de hole. esse barbado frendisto que descreve com minticias coin() somos e 0 que sentimos. e nessa definicao o nosso encerram nessa "sexualidade- ideal nos novamente aprisionadas no serralho do racionalismo masculino. lsso Mas voce..jovem amigo.

Ill todo na pont inha do sofa e de Si mesmo me Oily 111(11) eu creio no tua sinceridade. e e por isso que est ou te !Amid°. Me diga. livro alg um lii ajui(Ioti a Iguenf a 0 outro? 0 pessoasversus-pessoas, a transmissao pela came. 0 ser do's num so?

Se aprende. nth) e. Se aprende.

Nao tem dissertaca° de mestrado out doutorado que resolva Nesta estoria que te ol he. ele 2051 Ova m ni to de mint.

Dava-me opelidos carinhosos.

Mas sempre outros moult:n(0s. Nunca no hora do chamado later o amor. Neste. era seco. rig i do. zinsioso. Men ino (pie tell) um (lever de Casa para later. acrobata d0 SCNO. E eU o pasto, o campo experimental. 0 teoCOMIWOVitdo F11(111111110 iSSO 0

Cosamento. essa coisa com mainsculas, ill

ficondo perfeito. Compramos mOveis. cortinas.

Eletrodomesticos Televisao Trocamos depois por uma a cores. e clam. I Jin fusquinha. Depois. um °polo. E tivemos, naturalmente. filhos. Tres. lindos. saudaveis, intelig,entes. como manda 0 fig urino. 0 que mais queriamos? No sabodo a tante lams coin outros casais ao cinema. 110 teatro. Os boates. Cartoes de credito.

Almocos dc tamilta. Essas coisas todas. representacao completa.

En sei. A pergunta que esta fivendo. 0 que aconteceu pant este cosamento, desmanchado, se desmanchar de vet. A crise. e o que falam. Nada (le tao dramatic°. Also que corroia. constante. agua minando. um dia o transbordamento. A mulher que chorava quando via um casal se betiando no cinema A mulher que silenciosa fazia amor coin o companheiro. que gozava coin dc e...

Como? Voce pensou que nao?... Mas que tot 11)1)1). Sint. ec laro . I', dot': E o que tell) isto que ver? Nada de rigid°. matematico, por favor. checa desses tipos que perguntom ansiosos go/oil, 00zou? somos maquinas, 0 que queremos nOs tod7)s, homens, mulheres, e participacao, o estar ali, .juntos. no ato lisico. Ile lambent estava e claw. A infelicidade palpOvel. um cadaver entre nossos dois corpos. Mas no fim de alguns anos nao diziamos mais nada. Nos estremeciamos em nossos pequeninos e separados Dozos fisicos. depois, o clOssico.

LIe vitaVil pant 0 lad° jdormia. Nibo por insensibilidade, como se pensa. Mas porque tinha de trabalhar no dia seguinte. Ett era mais ociosa, tinha empregadas, ficava de olhos fixos no 1110 Mos sempre, be digo. ate 0 rim. Esperava ansiosa Os passos largos dele no corredor, a chave que rangia no fechodura, 0 Home munnurado: -1,eda?E ate hote.

Winos anos depois da separocao, fico insone olhand° teto. nth) quer° crer que nunco mais you ouvir (Is passos (Idle no corredor.

Quell] fixa 0 too. lb noite, num quarto em imminbra, • olha nos ollms do desespero. E vai criando giants interiores. 1st°. eu disse garras. Alguem que se abriu, numo expectativa. e que depois teve de recolher-se petits pontos. uivando de frustrocao Aquilo que Sc abriu. que estava prestes a derramor-se, no reflux° nos envenena.

Mas agora, men amigo. poi- que remexer as feridas?

Name alem dos aparencias. (los marcos exteriores da minim vida, estou en. As aparencias. conhecem-me Os que sofieram setts atributos. agressividade as vezes, docura em (intros. Mas o que eu sou. sou isso que te disse antes: pre-g.ozo da 111110 que se fecha sobre minim pele, o deixar-me ser pant aqueles, filo pottcos, que con seg nem dizer meu nome no hora do tuna° Te entreguei um segredo. cis.

En till).,, Lii te disse (Inc nessa estoria do casamento de dez aims. houve um moment() de reeneontro. Sim. Foi quando jib estavamos transtOrmados em abutres um do outro. nos devorando. gritando, atirando- os destrocos de 110SSOS expectativas um no outro. aquela tensao de Odio montando. Euandava na rua de cabec a baixa. a margurada infeliz. tJrna tar& sent i-me mat no cabeleireiro, tuna vertigem de pressao boixo. Ele foi chamado. pobre companheiro, veio correndo, pobre amor.

I•evou-ine 110 pronto-socorro. Tomei remedios, fui para casa, permanecemos mudos e filo mfelizes, al i. juntos. Sofriamos juntos e 0 sofrimento era tuna presenca que nos unto c Wive/ a lembranca daquela outra tante. de color. quando eu mergulhava no banheira de tigua tepida e ele me passava a espoitia no corpo...)

Naquela aproximacao. etc se curvou solve mint. betiou-me, pela primeira x.ez Cl)) tank) tempo. E no nosso sofrimento fizemos amor. Nos abrindo em sentiment°. emocao. Pude sentir-me amoda novamente. entao quis te-lo bem dentro de mim. (pHs abrigii-lo ein docura.

Velhos companheiros de tutu que depOem as annas. que se sentem solidarios, que se intent — enfim.

Como terminou? Terminou iii. Isso, o qpc Cu disse: tenninou ai, exatamente. ()nand° ele saiu para escritorio. afundei-me no coma. feliz cowl) aquela mocinha de dez anos antes que di/ill "vou casar corn de. you ser ta0

Quando vol t011, tinha recuperado a armadura c 0 distanciztmento. Todo inteiro na sua rig,idez, o que nao se deixava "veneer". por uma mu liter.

Arrependido do efusao de antes, do deixar-se ir.

Doi s has depois. a noitinha. telefonei para 0 escritOrio: "Vein-, ousel dizer-lhe. "Por que voce nao vent logo pant cosit'?“ — 0 que Voce quer dizer?

Nib i' que estou ocupado?

— It queria saber se voce nao pode vir mais cedo. Estou te esperondo. I.:u qtiero... (100 tinfida ainda, dez anos de casada...) eu quero later amor com voce.

— 0 (pie significa ism)? 0 que voce quer dizer con: isso?

Isso: assim forte. num grito. o vozeirilo do macho que nao se rende. A voz dele tuna facada. Descend° sobre' mim.

Sobre nossos filhos. Sobre nosso casamento, Inexonivel. semana depois nos separamos.

Mas, espere... Tem um detalhe que esqueci de contar.

Depois daquele ato de tumor que tinhamos enfim conseguido. a° alastar-se de milli dc disse: "Leda, ‘'oce e uma sexualmente madura. - Assim, numa voz ressentida.

Nib entende? Mas quern entende'? Se te digo isto. se te conto este pedaco he minim vivencio particular. e so para que Sc comece a pensar. no homem, no em nos todos, pobres meninos desamparados, depois de mundos e civilizacoes — e ainda tao atados em nossos balbuciamentos.

Depois disso... oh. muitas coisas, casinhos. amores ate. essas coisas. Ftti vivendo. Mas ate It*, te confess°. (mond() Inc deito fico de ouvido atento. parece que ainda ouco os passos dele no corredor, parece que a chave. a qUalquer moment°. vai virar no fechadura de novo.

Sabe que durino corn a luz acesa? Para alugentar fantasBent, desculpe, meu amigo. esta esteria tOo pone° "erOtica talvez (we 1100 posso publica-la no stia revista. 0 que as pessoas querem, o amontoado de came fresco aos quilos. seios-coxasnadegas, duzentas e cinquento posicoes de tumor, estereAtipos adolescente/m tinter madttra, coristas nuas de meias pretas...

Isso, nab set.

These short stories were originally published in Muito Pruzer, Editora Record.

32 NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

Five years ago, when Fatima Castro came to visit the US for the first time, she could never imagine that one day she would be living here, teachin Americans the techniques that she use in Brazil in her everyday work as a therapist. But her life has changed completely since then, and she has been invited to teach not only in the US, but in Japan, Great Britain and Italy as well.

Not bad for someone who always approached her therapy work more like a hobby. "My career path was very different than the usual," she says. "It all started with a few friends calling me at home to talk about their problems, so that I could help them see the situations in their lives with more clarity. And then these friends would tell their friends about me, and suddenly I had strangers calling me insisting on having appointments for counseling... so as an experiment I decided to use an empty office at my ex-husband's business in Sao Paulo."

That was 20 years ago, and that office was never empty again. Fatima had just received her teaching credentials, but she never had a chance to use them, since there was such a demand for her to do counseling work. She went back to college again, this time for a degree in Psychology, but she was always more interested in the holistic approach of therapy (which focuses not only on the mind, but on the inter-relationship between mind and body), and she was already using techniques of reflexology, bio-energetics, colon therapy and others that were little known at the time.

Ultimately she created her own style of counseling and became renowned for her original work. -Very soon she had authors of books on holistic therapies contacting her for advice on the subjects they were writing about, and her reputation reached a point where she had waiting lists for new clients. Surprisingly enough, some of her- Psychology teachers at the time were part of the list, waiting just like any other client for her to become their therapist.

It was as if life was naturally creating situations to show her where to go. She never played the role of the professional looking for a job. In reality the job looked for her, and because of that she had to become a professional. But life had other surprises in store.

"A psychologist friend of mine called me from Los Angeles where he was vacationing and said, 'Fatima, there is a big demand here for holistic therapists, so I have set up a workshop for you to teach next month. Don't even think about not coming!' â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and he hung up."

She did come and her presentation was so successful that she was invited to come back the following year, and then again six months later, and then again, until there was so much pressure for her to stay here that she gave in and moved to Los Angeles last year.

She had to go through the pain of leaving her four teenage kids in Brazil, but they understand enough of her work to support her in this choice. They also feel that she has much to show the world and have become her four biggest fans. Apparently her clients in Sas() Paulo are having a harder time accepting her move. "They still call from Brazil asking me when lam going back, but I feel that there is yet much to be done here."

For the past year, Fatima has led many workshops and many counseling groups where her main focus is to teach people to explore

heart Most people choose a career. Some few are chosen by it. Brazilian psychologist Fatima Castro has been compelled by friends to give up on teaching and to apply herself to counseling.

For 20 years that's what she's been doing.

Now the US is having a taste of her techniques, charisma and magic.

RHANDY C MARQUEZE

their sensitivity and to really get to know themselves. Ninety per cent of her students are Americans and her work has gained so much respect and admiration that many local therapists have been studying with her.

She will very likely become a prominent figure in the self-help movement that has become a worldwide trend in the past few years.

Many have already been considering her one of the top professionals in this field in the US, claiming that her work is different than anything they have seen before. She sees this difference as a result of her 'Brazilian approach' "Many techniques that are being used in this field are very mind-oriented," she notes. Even when dealing with emotional issues, some people have an overlymental approach. My approach is based on what the person is really feeling, not on what his mind wants me to believe he is feeling."

These past 12 months in the US.

have given her an indepth understanding of the differences in behavior between Americans and Brazilians. According to Fatima, there are many myths that were created because of the misperceptions between both cultures, and once one understands the other better, they will realize how much they complement one another.

She tested her theories with some American companies that were having problems with their teams of executives, which were from different ethnic backgrounds, and her results were amazing. The bickering stopped and was replaced by a stronger sense of teamwork.

Fatima observes, "Americans are more direct, more focused, which makes them higher achievers, and faster in their actions. Brazilians are more circular, which makes them more flexible to creative alternatives, and more able to have a wider range of perceptions. person who is able to incorporate both both types of attributes can really become someone who will make a difference out there".

Lately some people who have heard about her, usually through a friend of a friend, have been calling to request individual counseling. Just as it happened in So Paulo, the cycle seems to be repeating itself again.

It is hard to measure the impact that this Brazilian counselor has had on her students and clients other than the personal feedback that they give her. Almost on a daily basis she receives letters, thank-you notes, flowers, and above all she receives people's open hearts. They tell her constantly how they count the minutes to be with her again every week.

Not just because of what they learn, of what they experience, of what they discover, but mostly because that is the time when they feel comfortable enough to truly be who they are. No masks allowed here.

In a letter she received a few weeks ago from a client it is easy to notice how people are affected by her work, and why so many are grateful that she had the courage to leave a very stable situation in Brazil, in order to come to a country where until not long ago nobody knew who she was.

A great Master once said, "Show me the fruits and I will tell you if the tree is good." The last paragraph of that letter gives us a sample of the fruits she has produced: "...before I met you I used to live in a deep black hole, and I had no more faith in myself. There was no way out.. but with you I was able to understand life. I finally got it. And life is good, Fatima... Life is good."

33

NEWS from BRAZIL- JUNE 1995

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35

What happens when you mix the best Brazilian singer alive with two of the best Brazilian composers ever?

You get Mina d'Agua do Meu Canto (Water Spring of My Song), the spectacle that Gal Costa has just opened in Brazil with tunes by Chico Buarque and Caetano Veloso.

The US is having the chance to see this show before many Brazilian cities.

Wonder Gal ANA-MARIA VILLEDA

What can one say about the most wonderful voice of Brazilian music today? Most of the superlatives have already been used at least twice. Gal Costa's new show Alina d'Agua do Afeu Canto — this is also the name of her just released CD — had its debut May 12 at the Play list Castro Alves Theater in Salvador, Bahia, to a packed From debut of slum in Salvahouse. At the end she received a standing ovation dor. Gal has announced that following two encores. The critics are calling her a she intends to repeat the prodiva at the very pinnacle of her career. gram throughout her international tour.

"Gal Costa's crystalline voice is a mine of immeasurable musical wealth. The interpreter's mature - Milagres do Povo singing has flown limpidly in the national debut of - Bab\ - Dont de Iludir her show," wrote Mauro Ferreira at Rio's Jornal do -I lahia. Minim Preta Brasil. "She has a mature voice without exhibition- A Rita ism, her arrangements are unretouchable. She is the - As Vitrines - Atras da Porta best active singer in the nation," echoed Tatiana - Desalento Lima from Salvador's A Tarde.

- 0 Quereres Maria da Graca Costa Penna Burgos was born in - 0 ()Mite Salvador, Bahia — that never-ending source of cre- Cajuina - Samba do Grande Amor ativity where Brazilian music is concerned. She con- lingua siders herself a self-taught musician, having been - Como um Samba de Adeus brought up listening to music, and then later studying - Sew Voce - Janelas Abertas the styles of American greats Billie Holiday, Ella - Futuros Amantes Fitzgerald, and Stevie Wonder. Her local teacher was - Morena dos Olhos d'Agua the great Joao Gilberto, who early on predicted that - Quern Te Vitt. Quem she would become an international star.

- Tropicalia - 1.indeza Gal Costa began working with a group of rising - Odara stars like Caetano Veloso, who in the early 60's was - Ft)Ihetim (encore) already pioneering towards the new Brazilian Popu- Vaca pram:" (encore) - Coractlo Vagabundo (second lar Music. She called herself Gracinha (Little Graencore) cious One) at the time of her first show Arena Canta NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

Bahia in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. She mostly sang bossa nova standards and was quiet and thoughtful.

Later she became simply Gal during the tropicalismo movement experimenting with music by Gilberto Gil, Tom Ze, and Torquato Neto.

These songwriters were merging the traditional rhythms of Bahia with the electric sounds of Britain and the United States, essentially modernizing the cool bossa nova style.

While Gil and Caetano Veloso became political exiles in London in 1968, she chose instead to participate in politically radical concerts with Jorge Benj or (then Jorge Ben), Adoniram Barbosa, Luis Melodia, Roberto e Erasmo Carlos. Gal visited her exiled friends in England and brought back their songs to perform, subject to the approval of the Brazilian Government censors.

Her talent became evident as she began turning songs immersed in prejudice, such as the almost forgotten sambas of old composers, into dark jewels of unbelievable value for the cultural Brazilian soul. She never wrote a song, preferring instead to express herself through other composers' lyrics .

Gal went through many different styles, from barefoot with long hair to presiding over Carnavals with her enormous lipstick red mouth, which has now become her trademark. She was evolving much as the rest of Brazil, "growing up" along with the new high rises, highways, and modernization.

Suddenly the campus stages and alternate show

places were too small. In the early 1980's Gal began crossing the borders to Argentina, Japan, Europe and the United States, first appearing at Carnegie Hall ten years ago. She has earned 8 gold and 3 platinum records from her list of over 20 albums, and is considered one of the top voices of the world.

Her latest album Mina d'Agua do Meu Canto should arrive in the United States in the next few weeks. The name grew out of an idea as a tribute to the late Tom Jobim, with lyrics and music by Chico Buarque and Caetano Veloso. The artistic director Jaques Morelenbaum has put together a wonderful production.

Her show by the same name highlights essentially all her top hits of the last 20 years and is certain to matar saudades (alleviate the longing) of those of her fans here in the United States. For those of you who are starving to see her, she will definitely reward you. For those of you unfortunate few who are as yet unfamiliar with Gal and her music, we suggest simply that you not miss this show.

Gal Costa will be appearing June 24 at the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California for the west coast premier of her US Tour, followed by a show at New York's Carnegie Hall for the JVC Jazz Festival. This will be the first time she will be performing in the San Francisco Bay Area.

One performance only, reserved seating, June 24 - 8 PM, Paramount Theatre - 2025 Broadway Oakland, CA. Tickets: Paramount Box Office 510/ â&#x20AC;˘ 465-6400 and at all BASS outlets.

Rique, former Cama de Gatos keyboardist and arranger, has been one of the best selling artists of instrumental records in Brazil. He has played for some of the top Brazilian artists such as Ivan Lins, Gilberto Gil, Milton Nascimento, Djavan, and .4 also Chet Baker and Ernie Watts.

On this live album you'll find the warmth and energy of one of the best performers of Contemporary Brazilian Music.

Brazil's Top Vocalist

RIQUE PANTOJA LIVE IN L.A.

STA

STEVE TAVAGLIONE - sax JOEL TAYLOR - drums RICARDO SILVEIRA - guitar CASSIO DUARTE - percussion bass RIQUE PANTOJA - piano/vocals JIMMY EARL -

NOT SOLD ANYWHERE ELSE

Send your check or money order of $11.95 (postage included) to: RIQUE PANTOJA MUSIC P.O. BOX 42536 LOS ANGELES, CA 90050 For contact: Tel/Fax: (213) 344-0421

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

se

EXCLUSIVE WEST COAST PREMIERE

Paramount

Theatre 2025 Broadway, Oakland

NOT SOLD ANYWHERE ELSE

jUNIE 24

TICKETS: Paramount Box office, 510/465-6400 or BASS outlets _Va

thalia production 37

TV Brazil-Pacific Factory Entertainment presents a Goulart de Andrade Producoes production of

Beautiful Brazil Beautiful Brazil is a half hour television program about Brazil's dazzling and diverse nature and the technological advances that are bringing it into the twenty first century.

Beautiful Brazil is the first TV program to be shown nationally both in Brazil (Manchete TV) and the USA (ICN).

When?

EVERY SATURDAY AT 9 PM EASTERN -6 PM PACIFIC Where?

On the INTERNATIONAL CHANNEL, a cable network in the United States covering all 50 states and Central America, and reaching almost7 million subscribers.

PLEASE CHECK YOUR LOCAL CABLE OPERATOR FOR CHANNEL LINEUP Who? Goulart de Andrade, the show's host and producer, is one of the most renowned journalists in Brazil. He started his career at Sao Paulo's TV Tupi in 1960. For eight years he was a special assignment reporter for the number 1 rated shows Globo Reporter and Fantastico. For the last 17 years he has been working as Brazil's top independent producer with his weekly show Comando da Madruoada, first on Globe TV, and now on Manchete TV. Beautiful Brazil is sponsored by

0 Boticario Foundation You can order the tapes of Beautiful Brazil with PACIFIC FACTORY ENTERTAINMENT We also have two Best Selling Brazilian titles: PARATI, BRAZIL- Documentary about famous colonial historical city located between Rio de

Janeiro and Sao Paulo, in the beautiful Serra Atlantica. Hosted by actor Paulo Autran.

VITORIA - Documentary about the amazing coast of the state of Espirito Santo. Incredible fishing

and boating footage.

TO ORDER SEND YOUR CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: Pacific Factory Entertainment -7095 Hollywood Blvd. Suite 647 - Hollywood, CA 90028 Tel 213 980 7876 - Fax 213 651 3167 Cost per Tape: $14.95 Plus $3.50 for Shipping and Handling

Complete this Form and send it to the address above. For more information call (213) 980 7876.

Name:

Brazil

Address: Tel:

Vitoria Fax:

Total Tapes

x $14.95 + $3.50 Total: $

Please allow 3 to 4 weeks for delivery

38

NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

Alagoas hides the most incredible secluded beaches on its littoral as well as numerous fishing villages.

And for those interested in history and culture, it has museums and some of the finest baroque buildings-of Brazil.

NEWS horn BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

The small state of Alagoas is one of the pleasant surprises of the Northeast. The capital, Maceio, is a relaxed, modern city, and its beaches are enchanting, with calm, emerald waters. Penedo is the colonial masterpiece of the state, with a fascinating river culture on the Rio Sao Francisco.

Along the coast, there are many fishing villages (as yet undisturbed) with fabulous beaches shaded by rows of coconut trees. Buses trundle slowly along the coastal road (mostly unpaved) connecting the villages which are being 'discovered' by tourists and property developers.

History - The mighty republic of runaway slaves â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Palmares -- was in present-day Alagoas. During the invasion by the putch in 1630, many slaves escaped to the forest in t e mountains between Garanhuns and Palmares. Toda , where the towns of Vicosa, Capela, Atalaia, Porto C Ivo and Uniao dos Palmares stand, there were once virgin forests with thick growth and plenty of animals. Alagoas today has the highest population density in the Northeast.

Macei6 Maceio, the capital of Alagoas, is 292 km north of Aracaju and 259 km south of Recife. A manageable place for the visitor, the city has a modern but relaxed feeling with endless Sun and sea.

Orientation - The rodoviaria is about four km north of the city center, which has inexpensive hotels and is the bustle of commerce. On the east side of the city are Praia de Pajucara and Praia dos Sete Coqueiros, which are three km and four km respectively from the center, and recommended for beach enthusiasts.

Information -Tourist Office Ematur (Tel. 221-9393), the state tourist agency, is on Avenida Siqueira Campos (Estadio Rei Pele). There are information booths at the airport and at the rodoviaria. The latter has erratic opening hours, but if you're lucky the staff will be in attendance and will provide a list of hotels with prices and will ring a ound to make a reservation for you.

Beaches - ust a short walk from the center, the beaches of Pr ia do Sobral and Avenida are polluted.

Your best bet is to head north for some of the best beaches in the Northea t. Protected by a coral reef the ocean is calm and a dee emerald color. On shore there are loads of barracas, jangadas (local sailboats) and plenty of beach enthusiasts.

The beaches to the north are Pajugara (three km from the center), Sete Coqueiros (four km), Ponta Verde (five km), Jatifica (Six km), Jacarecica (nine km), Guaxuma (12 km), Garga, Torta (14 km), Riacho Doce (16 km) and Pratagi (17 kin).

You won't 8o wrong with any of these tropical paradises, but they do get busy on weekends and throughout the summer when there are many local buses cruising the beaches. On Pajucara, you'll find jangadas which will take you out about one km to the reef where you can swim in the piscina natural (natural swimming pool), and observe marine fauna and flora -- the latter is best done at low tide.

Museums In the center, Museu do Instituto Historic° (open Monday to Friday, 8 AM to noon and 2 to 5 PM) has exhibits about regional history. You might also like to browse through the Indian artifacts in Museu Theo Brandao (open Monday to Thursday from 8 AM to 6 PM; and from 8 AM to noon on Friday), which is in an attractive colonial building on the seafront.

Festivals -Maceio is reported to have a lively Carnaval which is still considerably calmer and safer than Rio's, and features active samba clubs. Festa do Mar takes place in December.

Places to Eat - Center Nativa is a good natural food eatery, close to the Hotel Ney. There's a set menu for $3; vegetable salad for $2; and excellent sandwiches and 39

fruit juices. It's open for lunch and dinner, Monday to Friday, and until 3 PM on Saturday. If you want good seafood andfeel like asp/urge, visit Lagosta'o at Avenida Duque de Caxias 1384. A cheaper option, just one block to the east on the same road, is Como Antigamente, which does prato feito for $2.50 and has seating in a courtyard at the back of the restaurant away from the street noise.

Most ofthe beaches offer a wide choice offood inbarracas and snack bars along the beachfront. Pestering from vendors and assorted sandpeople can become wearisome if you sit outside.

On Praia de Pajugara, two pleasant restaurants are Ango Marzio, a recently renovated Italian restaurant with great homemade pasta and Cogo da Ema (seafood dishes around $5) with tables on an open patio.

Other good places for seafood are Bern at Rua Joao Canuto da Silva 21, Praia de Cruz das Almas; and Restaurante do Alipio at Avenida Alipio Barbosa 321, which is south-west ofthe center in Pontal da Barra. All three of these restaurants are medium priced and open for lunch and dinner.

Entertainment - For reviews and listings ofthe latest bars, dance spots, and cultural events in Maceio, pick up a copy of Veja, which includes an assortment of these places in its weekly supplement entitled 28 Graus.

Getting There & Away - Air Maceio is connected by air with Rio, S5o Paulo, Brasilia, and all the major centers of the Northeast. Bus - There are frequent daily departures to Recife (four hours); and Aracaju (five hours). Services operate five times daily to Salvador (10 hours).

Buses leave for Penedo at 5:20 and 9 AM, noon, 6:20 PM (express) and 11.50 PM (express). The trip takes about three hours. The bus to Paulo Afonso leaves daily at 11 PM and takes around five hours. And if you want to make a 2256-km bus trip to Rio (36 hours), there's a daily departure at 7 PM. South of Maceio Praia do Frances - Only 22 km from Maceio, this is a very pretty, popular weekend beach which is being rapidly developed. The beach is lined with barracas and the ocean is lined with reefs. The water is calm and better for wading than swimming. It's a very social beach on weekends, with plenty of drinking, seafood scoffing, football and music.

Marechal Deodoro - Beside ea

Lagoa Manguaba, a lagoon 21 km south-west of Maceio, is Marechal Deodoro, which was the capital of Alagoas between 1823 and 1839. Small and quiet, the town is worth a visit, perhaps combined with Praia do Frances as a day trip from Maceio Marechal Deodoro has several churches, the most famous of which are the Igreja e Convento S5o Francisco, which was begun in the 17th century, and the Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceicao.

Inside Igreja e Convento Sao Francisco is the Museu de Arte Sacra (Museum of Sacred Art). It's open daily from 9 AM to 1 PM

A Little Power Goes a Long Way Alagoas has attracted much attention as the home state of impeached former President Fernando Collor de Mello and his wife. Rosalie Malta. Collor de Mello reached his position in a linear progression: from mayor of Maeda to governor of Alagoas state and thence to the presidency Of Brazil.

Collor suffered acute embarrassment when it was revealed that the Malta family, to which his wife belongs. liad received lavish funds. dozens of cushy jobs and titles, and amazing deals for contracts.

Rosalie was identified as a key figure in massive corruption perpetrated during her presidency of the nation's largest â&#x20AC;˘ charity organization. Some Brazilians used. to joke that there was a Winheiroduto' (money duct) running directly from Brasilia to Alagoas! except on Sunday, when it's closed.

Brazilian history buffs may want to see the old governor's palace and the house where Marechal Deodoro was born. The latter has been turned into the Museu Deodoro which is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM, except on Sunday, when it's closed. The exhibits give a 'deodorized' view of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, emphasizing his role as a military hero and the first president of Brazil, but omitting to mention that he achieved this position with a military putsch in 1889 and later proved a poor politician.

The artesanato shop next door sells the lace and homemade sweets for which the town is renowned. The Sunday market, held along the waterfront, is reported to be a lively, colorful event.

Barra de Sao Miguel - Barra is 35 km south of Macei6 at the mouth of the Rio S5o Miguel. The fine beach is protected by a huge reef and there are kayaks for rent. Barra is not too crowded midweek, but it is being built up with summer homes for Macei6's wealthy.

A large sailboat will take you up the river

for three hours for $6. Boats leave from Bar do Tio at the dock on the river. During the trip, drinks and fruit are provided on board.

Penedo - Penedo is best known as the capital do baixo S5o Francisco (capital of the lower sao Francisco river). The city has also been called cidade dos sobrados (city of two-story homes) by the famous Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freire.

Amongst the attractions of the city, 42 km off the BR-101 and virtually untouched by tourism, are its many baroque churches and colonial buildings, and the opportunity to travel on the Rio Sao Francisco. Penedo bustles with people from the smaller villages up and down the river who come to sell and buy goods.

History - Penedo was founded in either 1535 or 1560 (opinions differ) by Duarte Coelho Pereira, who descended the Rio Sao Francisco in pursuit of Caete Indians responsible for the killing of bishop Pedro Fernandes Sardinha. Penedo is claimed to be the river's first colonial settlement.

Market - The street market is held daily in Penedo, but Saturday is the big day when the city is transformed into a busy port-of-call for farmers, fisherfolk and artisans.

The waterfront becomes a pageant as families disembark: old people with finely carved features topped by strange hats, many grasping chickens by the neck in one hand and boisterous children by the neck in the other. On shore, traditional musicians play the accordion. The market is filled with ceramics, baskets and shrimp traps made of reeds.

Churches - Penedo has a rich collection of 17th and 18th-century colonial buildings, including many churches. The Convento de Sao Francisco e Igreja Nossa Senhora dos Anjos on Praca Rui Barbosa is considered the finest church in the state. Even Dom Pedro II paid a visit to this church. Construction was begun in 1660 and completed in 1759. The rococo altar is made of gold. The church is open Tuesday to Sunday from 2 to 5 PM. Igreja da Senhora das Correntes was completed in 1764. It has some fine work done with azulejos (glazed blue tiles) and a rococo altar. The church is open daily from 8 AM to noon and 2 to 6 PM. You'll find it at Praga 12 de Abril.

The Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosario dos Pretos, also known as the Catedral do Penedo, was built by slaves. It's on Praga Marechal Deodoro and is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 8 AM to 6 PM. NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

Igreja de Sao Goncalo Garcia was built at the end of the 18th century and has some of the city's finest sacred art pieces. It's on Avenida Floriano Peixoto, but is closed for restoration.

Boat Trips - Saturday (major market day) is the easiest day to find a boat up or down the S5o Francisco, but it shouldn't prove too hard to find boats for short local trips on other days of the week If you're going upriver, it's usually easy to find boats going as far as Propria, but more difficult to continue beyond there to Pao de Acucar in Alagoas. Beautiful sailboats travel to Propria in four to five hours, depending on the wind.

The ferry between Penedo and Passagem, on the opposite side of the river, crosses every 30 minutes, but is only of interest if you're driving. From Passagem there's a road to Neopolis, which is linked by another road to BR-101. A better excursion is one of the motorboat crossings direct to Neopolis, a few km downriver. The 15-minute trip costs a few cents and boats depart every 30 minutes between 5:30 AM and 11:30 PM. Neopolis is an old colonial town, on a hill overlooking the river, with some interesting buildings and good crafts for sale.

For another boat excursion only four km upriver, take one of the frequent boats (operating between 6 AM and 6 PM) to Carrapicho, a small town noted for its ceramics.

You can also hire a boat and just cruise the river a bit, possibly stopping at a sandbar for a swim.

Festivals -The Festa do Senhor Born Jesus dos Navegantes, held on the second Sunday of January, features an elaborate procession of boats. Penedo also hosts a large annual Brazilian film festival.

Around Penedo - The road is paved from Penedo down to the coast at Pontal do Peba. Along the way, there is a cheap hotel at the

town of Piacabucu and a couple of restaurants. Praia do Peba, a couple of km from town, is a disappointing beach, well below the quality of those to the north.

The road north along the coast is unpaved, so the going is slow. The beaches are deserted until near Coruripe, a small fishing village with a hotel and a restaurant. Another 15 km of dirt road and you'll reach the coconut tree-lined beach at Poxim, which is even more beautiful than Coruripe; and the town is even smaller. There is no regular bus service along this stretch of coast.

North of Maceio If I had to choose one stretch of the Brazilian coast to spend several days exploring, this would be it. The Alagoas coast north of Maceio is ideal for independent travelers. The beaches are undisturbed and tropically perfect, and the sea is calm and warm.

There are several fishing villages with no tourism apart from a simple hotel or two.

The coastal road, which is unpaved and slow going along the most secluded stretch, runs within a few hundred meters of the ocean, a rare occurrence along the Brazilian littoral.

If you want to follow it, head down to Barra de Santo Antonio. This road is often in disarray and you have to cross some small rivers on local ferries, so check road conditions before departing.

Alternatively, from Maceio, AL-101 heads north and then divides outside Barra de Santo Antonio. The main road and most through traffic heads inland here on AL-465.

It's a stunning drive through sugar-cane country (try to stop at Porto Calvo). AL-465 passes a large sugar-cane plant that processes the sugar-cane alcohol that fuels Brazil's cars. The Empresa de Santo Antonio employs about 800 workers in the factory and 4000 in the fields. Tours are possible and worthwhile, but hard to arrange.

A few buses from Maceio go all the way along the coast, but they are less frequent than those that follow the AL-465. Ask for a bus that goes to Porto de Pedras or Sao Miguel dos Milagres.

Barra de Santo Antonio & Illha da Croa - Barra is along the mouth of the Rio Jirituba below a small bluff. Only 40 km from Maceio, this fishing village is beginning to see a bit of tourism and beach-home

construction. There is a boat that runs back and forth across the river.

The best beaches are out on the Illha da Croa (narrow peninsula), 15 minutes by motorboat fromBarra de Santo Antonio.

Barra do Camaralibe - This idyllic fishing village, 12 km further up the coast, offers fish, beer and beach. Ask around for a place to stay and for a ride in a fishing boat.

Sao Miguel dos Milagres - A bit bigger than its neighbors, Sao Miguel's soft beaches are protected by offshore reefs and the sea is warm and shallow.

Porto de Pedras - You've got to catch the local ferry to cross the river here. Porto de Pedras is a lively little fishing village with a road that connects to AL-465 at Porto Calvo. In the village there are bars, restaurants and the cheap and dingy Hotel Sao Geraldo.

Japaratinga - Japaratinga's shallow waters are protected by coral reefs and backed by coconut trees and fishing huts. Under the moonlight you can walk a couple of km into the sea.

Maragoji - Slightly more developed, Maragoji has some weekend homes for Pernambucanos and a couple of cheap hotels. The sea is protected by reefs and it's ideal for swimming.

Excerpts from Brazil .1 Travel Survival Kit 2nd edition.

by Andrew Draffcn.

Deanna Swaney and Robert Strauss. For more information call Lonely Planet: (800) 2758555. Copyright 1992 Lonely Planet Publications.

Used by permission.

BRAZIL'S GOLD TOWNS IN THE MANTIC FOREST A week of re-discovery from airport to airport OURO PRETO: TIRADENTES: PETROPOLIS:

2 hours' drive from Confins Airport (Belo Horizonte) Your host in Ouro Preto: Ricardo Pereira at the Pousada Mondego 11/2 hours' drive from Congonhas which is 11/2 hours from Ouro Pre to.

Your host in Tiradentes: John and Anna-Maria Parsons at the Solar da Ponte* The Imperial Summer Palace: 3 hours's drive from Tiradentes and 1 hour from Galeao airport (Rio de Janeiro). There are good Pousadas* nearb y.

*The Pousadas are members of the exclusive Association ROTEIROS DE CHARME* Tel/FAX(Brazil 55) (21) 273-1592. Phone or fax your program for advice about transport, meeting at airport, special itineraries, beaches, etc.

SOLAR DA PONTE 55 32 355 1255 FAX 1201 - POUSADA DO MONDEGO 55 31 551 2040 FAX 3094 NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

41

"As it so happens I've always found a certain mystery in music, when I play. Music has always held a surprise for me, I've always felt a shiver or two before a melody or harmony comes."

"The musician lives from fantasies, that's where the delirium comes from. When I say, 'jorro

que nem chafariz quando estou feliz' (I gush as a water fountain when I am happy) this is first of all a fantasy."

0 Math) e a Equilibrista

The Drunkard and the Equilibrist

(Joao Bosco & Aldir Blanco) Cola A tar& coin° tun viaduto E um behado trajando luto Me lembrou Carlitos

As an overpass The afternoon was falling

And a drunkard wearing black Reminded me of Charlie

A Ina Val qual a dona de um bordel Pedia a cada estrela fria tin brilho de aluguel LI no mataborriio do CCLI

ClittpaVain manchas torturadas Que stifoco I,0uco E behado coin chapel' de coco Fazia irreverencias mil Pra noite do Brasil._ Men Brasil Que sonha Coin a volta do him.10 do I lentil Com tanta genie que partiu Num rabo de foguele Chora A nossa patria-mile 2entil 'Clioram Marias e Clarisses No solo do lirasil Mas sei Que uma dor assim pungente Nao ha de ser inutihnente A esperanca danca Na corda bamba de sombrinha Em cada passo dessa

linha Pode se machucar Azar A esperanca equilihrista Sahe (pie 0 show de todo artista Tem de continttar 42

The moon As a bordello madam Was asking each cold star A shine for renting

- ECIectic,

en himsel , singer-compo St rer,ased Na Onda um. To show what' die with so o B. co is on e ro‘ Fi 4 • Look for I i Ii d' a

f; • r;frif.

• ftr-- rif'frica ri6F:r

Although he has long been recognized as a "player's player"

by American jazz musicians with whom he performed, it is only in recent years that Brazilian singer Joao Bosco has attained a considerable following in the United States. Since 1978, however, he has been the star of major music festivals and prestigious venues in the rest of the world. More than once he has brought audiences at the Montreux International Jazz Festival to their. feet. He has been a prize winner and the highlight of the Yamaha Festival in Japan and he has toured virtually every continent.

The globe-spanning Bosco is originally from Minas Gerais, the same state that gave us Milton Nascimento, and his work is resonant with the sounds of the bandolim (mandolin), the violin and the piano that family members played. In his work, one can also hear the accordions and bands that were part of secular life in his little mountain town of Ponte Nova and the church litanies that were part of its spiritual life. Included too are the influences of the radio singers who came, out of thin air, so to speak, from beyond his mountain town. But as strong as any other influences in the music of Joao Bosco are the creative and revolutionary breezes that have blown over Minas Gerais since the early colonial times.

As a young man, Bosco went to Ouro Preto to study engineering. There he found the music of Brazilian artists like Joao Gilberto, Tom Jobim, Milton Nascimento and Americans like Miles Davis, Charlie Parker and Ray Charles more intriguing than slide rules. Though he knew he would eventually become a musician he kept up with his studies and earned his bachelor's

And clouds There on the sky's blotting paper Sucked tortured blots That I smother Crazy And drunk with a derby.

Ile made a thousand irreverences To Brazil's night...

My Brazil...

Which dreams With the return of IIenfil's brother With so many people who left Running was' from trouble She cries Our gentle mothercountry They cry, Marias and Clarisses On Brazil's land But I do know That a so piercing pain Won't happen in vain.

Hope dances On the tight rope with a parasol.

On each step of this line It can get hurt Tough luck The equilibrist-hope Knows that every artist's show Has to go on.

NEVVS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

degree in civil engineering.

It was when he met the great poet Vinicius de Moraes that he formed his first important musical partnership and in 1972, recorded his first album, Disco de Bo!so.

In 1973, Bosco moved to Rio de Janeiro and, collaborating with psychiatrist/lyricist Aldir Blanc, became a strong musical voice raised against Brazil's political nightmare represented by a military dictatorship. Their song, "0 Bebado e a Equilibrista," ("The Drunkard and the Equilibrist") hauntingly recorded by Elis Regina, is considered the anthem of Amnesty International and to many Brazilian people it held out the promise of future hope and freedom that has, happily now been fulfilled.

Through the years, Bosco has proved to be a restless artist, continually looking for new and revolutionary ways to express himself musically. His , newest album, his sixteenth, "Na Onda Que Balanca" ("In the Wave That Swings), was recently released by Epic/Sony. In it he seeks the right balance from a Mother-Water whose wisdom combines both the voice of nature and the voices of the street. According to Bosco, "..Man learns more "I know I'm moving, I feel a by penetrating into life constant need to keep than by being instructed moving. I believe that music by life itself." "..My texts are pretexts, music and lyrics, inseparable sounds."

like life is something dynamic. I feel that music complements life, in that order".

Beguine DodOi

Beguine Ouch

(Jofio Bosco & Aldir Blanco) Olha men bem 0 que restou Daquele grande herOi: Sem ter amor Emagreci E ando dodOi Como Tana dep!)is da gripe Dc emplastro sabia Sempre zanzando nos botequins I'm von me acabar Espremo cravos Defronte ao espelho Lembrando voce, Faco novena Toino gemada Ah, nib dá mais Julio Lousada Que me socorra Nessa allicao mortal Maracujina Já IA° resolve Ao recordar Meias fume Ligas vermelhas E um olhar fatal...

Look here my sx‘eet At Nthat's become Of that great hero: Without love I became thin And have become sick I.ike Tartan alter the flu With a bandage ‘Nrap Ah‘aVS andering the taverns Ill kill in‘ self. squeete pimples In trout of the mirror Remembering you.

I observe devotions I drink eggnog I can't take it am more Julio Lo. usada lelp me With that mortal a fflic lion Sugar- \\ ater 1)oesn't help When I think about Dark nylons Red garters And a fatal look..

Those sounds, along with his extraordinary mixture of wonderful old ballads, sambas, bossa novas, jazz and flamenco will be part of the shows in his American tour that is taking Jodi Bosco from coast to coast. (See Calendar for more information about his shows in the US.) Two years ago, Bosco made his Bay area debut under the banner of the Bay Area Brazilian Club. Those who attended his two sold-out performances at Herbst Theater vividly remember the remarkable musical range, the energy, the passion and the joy in performing that have made Bosco a Brazilian national treasure.

In a review The San Francisco Chronicle recognized VARIG Stafeeieue f1eteeme4 immediately that his genius transcended language and place.

13razirs Outstanding Performer/Composer "You don't have to know Portuguese to appreciate the artistry of Jo5o Bosco, the splendid Brazilian singer-songIke Incomparalle c)A0 tosco writer," the reviewer wrote and continued, "While the Brazilians in the crowd could savor the poetry of the lyrics, the Anglos were seduced by the spirit and the beauty of the music." and his Band The Chronicle's writer also noted Bosco's unique perIN A BRAND NEW SHOW! forming style. "He's a subtle and swinging singer who are Pel*firaINC 04/ revels in the sensuousness of the sound of words, caressing the vowels, accenting the consonants with the click, hiss and pop of a percussionist. He has created a marvelous idiosyncratic scat style, a mix of Ella Fitzgerald, bebop and the sounds of a Brazilian batucada."

Equally enthusiastic with Bosco's appearance was the Los Angeles Times critic, who called his work "stunningly rich and inventive — music that reached out to touch both the mind and the body." The New York Times also hopped on the Bosco band wagon, describing how he "created intoxicating cross-currents of rhythm, his vocal lines skimming and hopscotching across his guitar's syncopated chords and bass lines."

On his current tour, which includes much new material and a new band, Bosco insisted on stopping in San Francisco and appearing there again (under the sponsorship of the nonprofit Bay Area Brasilian Club) despite other more commercial offers. Since the first concert, a warm relationship has SATURDAY, JULY 8 AT 8:30PM sprung up between Bosco, his wife, Angela, and members of HFRBST THEATRE, San Francisco, CA the club. For information and tickets for the July 8th orar Late in the year, BETH CARVALHO _ call (415) 334-0106 for information performance at San Francisco's Herbst Theatre call the Bay Pro&iwd by Bay Area Brazilian Club & Brazil Today • Area Brasilian Club at (415) 334-0106.

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

43

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44

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

acDTT A2AMS Dori Caymmi has the best of both worlds. A familial heritage so rich with musical talent that it flows through generations, and the boundless production capabilities of Qwest/Warner Brothers.

With the possible exception of Sergio Mendes, no other US based Brazilian musician has - the confidence and support of 'such resources, and although Cayrnmi's development has eilthoth consistent and ful;rr4nany respects, the 'Ilia new recording If tl Ai:41,W , - also be interunspoken signpost talented Bahian. ver... boasts a star-studded supporting cast, an arsenal original material and suer lt.s.orchestrated arrangehelp taikeLl "-v tC0ii

This album explores new ground, if with some hesitation. Caymmi paints a beautiful watercolor with "Send In The Clowns" and teams with lyricist Tracy Mann on the bluesy, wandering melody of "We Can Try Love Again."

to k. ,,i.tible" even had a brief flirtation with smooth jazz radio play. But, with the wealth 'talent available to him, why didn't he tap Warren Hill, Leo Gandelman or Everette Harp to help launch his exquisite melodies into a greater public light?

More outstanding than his singing ale his compositions, expansive and breathtaking and without equal. Perhaps Caymmi's next recording will allow them to take center stage. The world is waiting for someone to fill Antonio Carlos Jobim's shoes, and we will all wait to see how this unfinished sentence ends. me trials and tribulations of international travel aside, pianist Bill Cunliffe's Bill in Brazil CD is a solid and enchanting project, with just the right balance between creative whimsy and musical wisdom.

Cunliffe's forte is found in his melodic development and tonal ,texturing, both in the six original songs included here, as well as with his improvisational skilL His delicate shading on he Paul Simon melody "She Moves On" provides a striking contrast to the solo which foloys, and Cunliffe's reflective ii;-g on Caetano Veloso's audosismo" is the perfect ead-for a Brazilian romp through his own "Samba Feliz." Cunliffe's original material is predictably jazzier and, all in all, Bill in Brazil is a fine effort, waiting to provide you with more excitement than, say, forgetting to pick up a visa for your next Brazilian

trip.

Each year for the past two years, the Sharp Primeiro award for Best Instrumental Jazz Recording has been presented to Rio de Janeiro's Caj u Music. It's the highest honor in Brazil's recording industry.

US distributor Milestone World Music: has included, three more Caju titles in their spring release schedule.

Canhoto da Paraiba having influenced the careers of Baden Powell and Nonato Luiz among others, could well be described as a "founding father" of modern Brazilian samba. Pisando em Brasa (Dancing on Hot Coals) finds the 67 year old, left handed guitarist recalling his, years with such legends as sax pia e Pixinguinha and Dong well-produced setting that eatures Raphael Rabello and ' long time compatriotPaulinho da Viola.

Before his untimely passing from AIDS due to a tainted blood transfusion in 1988, guitarist Francisco Mario developed a keen interest in preserving the roots of his country's musical past. The result is Retratos (Portraits), which resurrects a variety of Brazilian song forms through a heady combination of instinct and curiosity. Elegantly recorded, the original material in Retratos succeeds so well in maintaining the undiluted dignity of these styles thaldt's hard to believe it's riet thy§ of some contempOra Not surprisingly

received little fanfarem Brazil, where musical tastes run internationally, but the critics I loved it and you will too.

ALe ndf itieina.11y_, DirCeu Leitte's de Coco finds the talented reedman an in da jazzy mixture of choro samba' that revolves around several originals as well as works by 1 Milton Nascimento, Ary Barroso and Chico Buarque.• Caju Music has dedicated t itself to prod quality Brazil' music', that eaCh new ground Powely pai picture for mental music with, derstanding of his ecti as...

a as to C hiagihil'queiedri'ty Prey• .1 1 idreedi cor new and establishedmu tigs of' -N t givefliem the opiv tb mld o create iind et possible croeieideirtid - ; working to become n .'''''

Deu, 0 tsche Gramophonethnse of Brazil, and our- quality is something we feel Brazilian' music fans will continue to appreciate as they become inore aware of n.• what c ajumi /lestone 'has to/ offer."

We invite you to call us for a free subscription of The Brazilian Music Review. It's a great way to stay informed with all the news of Brazilian Music and contemporary, in azz. Call (708) 292-454 yoür,,l, ription today.

A "Perfect Mix" of Brazilian rhythms and American jazz to create to ultimate fusion album. With Joao Bosco, Kevyn Lettau, Dori Caymmi and Ivan Lins.

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NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

from 45

it- â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Carlota Joaquina -with maneta -SevelrartifiVtarto- anini A Comedia dos Erros - An adaptation of Shakespeare by Caca Rosset. With Cristiane Tricerri and Maria Alice Vergueiro. In Sao Paulo.

A Gaiola das Loucas - Twenty years later, Rio's Cage aux Folles is back with the same duo who starred in it two decades ago, Jorge Doha and Carvalhinho.

As Guerreiras doAmor- Sparta and Athens womenâ&#x20AC;˘cleeide to end the war between: the two cities through a setrike. In Sao Paulo.

0 Livro de Jo - Based on the Bible, it discusses divine intervention and God's power. Directed by Antonio Aranjo. In Sao Paulo.

Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procura - Miguel Falabella, who wrote the text, plays all 17 characters of this comical monologue. In Rio. Na Era do Radio - Clovis Levy story about a family from the 20s and 30s following life through the radio. Sergio Britto directs. In Rio Nas Raias da Lou cura - Name inspired by interpreter Claudia Raia. Lyrics by Silvio de Abreu and directed by Ze Rodrix. In Rio. Perola - Mauro Rasi wrote and directs this family comedy in which the little facts of everyday life get operistic tones. In Rio. Querida Mamde - Maria Adelaide Amaral play about a touchy mother-daughter relationship. In Rio. Trair e Co car E SO Come car A loony maid makes life miserable for her bosses. In Sao Paulo.

Vestido de Noiva - Nelson Rodrigues play about Alaide's dreams and her frustrations when facing reality. Eduardo Tolentino de Araujo directs. In Sao Paulo.

48

best-selle

Fiction

Movies American films just released: Rudyard Kipling 's The Jungle Book (0 Livro da Selva), I.Q. (A 7'eoria do Amor), Pret-aporter (Pret-a-porter), Barcelona (Barcelona), Of Love and Shadow (De Amor e de Sombras), Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (0 Circulo Vicioso), Trapped in Paradise (Encurralados no Paraiso).

Before de Rain ( Antes da Chuva) - France - (1994) - Conflicts among a monk, a publisher and a photographer.

Carlota Joaquina - Princesa do Brazil Brazil - (1994) - Directed by Carla Camurati, it tells the story of Dom Joao VI's wife.

Dear Diary (Caro Diario) - Italy - (1993) Movie director writes a diary while visiting Italian towns. Nanni Moretti directs.

Louco por Cinema (Crazy for Movies) - By Andre Luiz Oliveira. After the death of the director, one of the actors, from an insane asylum, decides to restart the shooting.

Muriel's Wedding (0 Casamento de Muriel) - Australia - (1994) - Muriel is an ABBA avid fan who dreams of being rescued from her boring life by a prince charming.

Salade Russes - (Salada Russa em Paris) Russia/France - (1993) - Fantastic comedy.

In St. Petersburg, friends find a secret window from where they can see Paris om arrdt..iEtioi"

1. Pelas Portas do Coracdo Zibia Gasparetto (Espago, Vida & Consciencia) 2. Na Margem do Rio Piedra Eu Sentei e Chorei Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 3. A Profecia Celestina James Radfield (Objetiva) 4. Comedias da Vida Privada 101 Cronicas Escolhidas Luis Fernando Verissimo (L&PM) 5. Nada Dura para Sempre Sidney Sheldon (Record) 6. 0 Alquimista Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 7. A Ilha do Dia Anterior Umberto Eco (Record) 8. A HistOria Secreta Donna Tara (Companhia das Letras) 9. Brida Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 10. Amar, Verbo Intransitivo Mario de Andrade (Vila Rica)

Nonfiction 1. Maud, Empresario do Imperio Jorge Caldeira (Companhia das Letras) 2. Dez Anos no Mar Familia Schurman (Record) 3. Etiqu eta sem Frescura Claudia Matarazzo (Melhoramentos) 4. Anjos Cab alisticos Monica Buonfiglio - (Oficina Cultural Esoterica) 5. Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 6. A Magia dos Anjos Cabalisticos - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultura Esoterica) 7. Minutos de Sabedoria Carlos Torres Pastorinho (Vozes) 8. 0 Sucesso Nue) Ocorre por Acaso -Lair Ribeiro (Objetiva) 9. Auto Estima - Aprendendo a Gostar Mais de Voce Lair Ribeiro (Objetiva) 10. Como Fazer Amigos e Influenciar Pessoas Dale Carnegie (Companhia Editora Nacional) NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

PORTUGUESE FOR KIDS

COLOR IT BRAZIL Tarsila do Amaral, Anita Malfatti and Tomie Ohtake are just some of the Brazilian artists taking part in the Latin American Women Artists exhibition now touring the US. With nearly 150 works by 35 famous artists (eight are Brazilian) from 11 countries, the exhibit shows the best these women have produced in painting, sculpture and multimedia. The oldest works are by Malfatti who painted them between 1915 and 1922. The painter, who died in 1964, introduced modern art in Brazil. Mark you calendar for this exhibit: from July 7 to October 1: Phoenix Art Museum; from October 28 to January 14, 1996: Denver Art Museum; from February 8 to April 29, 1996: Washington D.C.'s National Museum of Women in the Arts.

., SHOWING THE

COLORS Terrific doesn't meal terrible as it may sound to a Brazilian ear unaware of the English subtleties. Brazilian TV presenter and producer Goulart de Andrade went through some cold sweat before finding this out. He is the brain and soul behind Beautiful Brazil, a TV program being aired from coast to coast in the US. When Andrade started showing his pilots to Americans he heard from a Yankee director that the work was "terrific." He only recuperated his smile when it was explained to him that his program was being praised.

Beautiful Brazil can be seen every aturday at 9 PM (Eastern time) on the :International Channel, a cable network that covers all US's 50 states, in addition to Canada, Central America and the Caribbean. Among other subjects, the programs, to be shown in Portuguese with English subtitles, will deal with crocodile creation, the Iguacu alls, sea turtles, the Fernando de Noronha ecological reservation, and the building of nuclear submarine Aramar.

NEWS from BRAZIL- JUNE 1995

Rio, NY After the recent tribute in New York to Tom Jobi in. Brazilians participating in the show didn't know where to go.

Singer Caeta no Veloso then suggested.

"Let's go to the Plataforma.- Plataforma was Jobim's favorite restaurant in Rio. The joke ended up convincing Plataforma s ow ner A lberico Campana that's time to open a branch of that eatery in the East Coast. If the cold doesn't scare Carioca (from Rio) Campana. the Yankee Plataforma will find a place soon on Broadw .

Once again Southern C'alifornia's ABC Unified District is inviting parems who would like their children to learn Portuguese at the same time as they get their elementary education to apply for the Bilingual Immersion Program. The program at the Elliot Elementary School in Artesia. w hick started in 1 991. is funded b a special government grant to assure that children get a bilingual education from their early days in school. Even though Portuguese is the main language in first grade. the number of hours the language is taught decreases up to fourth grade. w hen instruction is half in English and,, half in Portuguese. By the end of elementary school. students should be able to fluently understand. speak. read and write in both languages. Studies have shown that children from these immersion courses can compete successfully with those from monolingual programs. Interested? Call Carla B. De Herrera at (310) 865-5216.

Learn Another Language on Your Own! Learn to speak a foreign language fluently on your own and at your own pace with what are considered the finest in-depth courses available. Many were developed by the Foreign Service Institute ofthe U.S. Department of State for diplomatic personnel who must learn a language quickly and thoroughly.

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El Arabic (Saudi) $185 El Cantonese $185 CI French $ 185 o French Level II $215 1:1 German $185 1:1 German Level $155 El Greek $185 0 Hebrew $255 1:1 Hindi (Intermed) $185 o Hungarian $195 1:1 Italian $185

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213 255-8062 NEWS from BRAZIL-JUNE 1995

FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET CATERING

Joy's Catering - "We Make Your Party" - Dinners, salad bar, finger food and petit fours. Now cooking frozen food for your busy week. Call (310)438-3415.

CLASSES

Computer classes - Groups and private classes. (818) 507-1521.

Portuguese classes - Individual & small groups. I'm a native Brazilian instructor with an university degree in languages. Try a free lesson. New groups beginning now. (415) 771-9474.

Portuguese lessons - Designed for all levels, in an informal fun atmosphere. The instructor is a native speaker with Master Degree/teaching experience in the US. (415) 383-8859.

Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada 1702-598-2765 if complaints.

Come to where the channels are! Receive the "Brazilian Television Network," news, soap operas from Brazil and the "RTP Channel" from Portugal.

Own your satellite system. Call now (714) 385-5750.

PERSONAL

American, 52, has travelled to Brazil, desires correspondence with young, open-minded Brasileira living in the US, to explore compatibility and romance.

Write: M.F.K., P.O.B. 215, Redmond, WA 98073.

American businessman has lived in your country and loves your people, music, & dance.

Desires friendship/romance with brasileira between 22-30 years.

ENTERTAINMENT Interests include yoga, health Exotic samba dancers - Tradi- food, nature. Please write R.B. tional music and dance of Bra- 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, zil. For clubs, celebrations, etc. CA 92024.

Video available. (408) 464- American Doctor, male, seeks Brazilian lady, 18-32 for fun 2234.

Experienced "Brasileiro" Gui- and romance. Must be pretty. tarist available to perform I'm very handsome and look Originals, Jazz and Brazilian Brazilian. (213) 293-8909. Los Angeles area.

Music. Call (805) 288-2076.

The best Brazilian dance group American Jewish man, 36, sinin San Francisco & Bay Area cere, deep, fun, active, doctor, with the performing experience seeks Jewish lady under 35 with in movies, clubs and other cel- brown eyes and long dark hair, ebrations. Video available. Call in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168.

(415) 312-8667.

American Plastic Surgeon. InJOB OFFERED ternationally recognized. AttracExport company 7 needs a Por- tive. Athletic. Has toured Bratuguese and English speaking zil. Seeks intelligent, athletic, person to supervise and inter- attractive, non smoking Brasipret. Car necessary. Phone (213) leira who likes skin diving, 261-9999. Leave message. aerobics, surfing, outdoor photography & cooking. Ages 22MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS 30. Send photos and C.V. to Jornais e revistas do Brasil. G.M. -2318 Washington - Great Recebemos jornais diarios e Bend, Kansas, 67530 - U.S.A. todas as principais revistas, American°, divorciado, branco, incluindo masculmas e femi- 51 anos (parece 44 anos), 176 ninas, akin de gibis, palavras centimetros, 71 quilos, olhos cruzadas e livros de bolso. Tel. azuis, cabelos castanhos, enge& Fax: (617) 787-0758. nheiro, mono g amo, cam propria.

Ndo ftuno, pode fumar. Procuro MUSIC Brazilian Music in its totality. uma mulher delgada ou media Samba, bossa nova, chorinho, ate 40 anos que more perto de axe;- and more. Merchant Simi Valley, para relacionamento seri°. -Responda em Express - (800) 589-5884. mgles corn sun foto, por favor.

NEWS & TV Patrick O'Bryan, 1728 Townley Call 1-900-255-7045 now or 1- Circle, Simi Valley, CA 93063.

900-AK5701L for the latest Americano, 37 anos, delgado, Sportsline, news, scores, Tips, olhos azuis, professor de Ingle's.

Odds, Sports-trivia game on Fala Frances, Espanhol, I tahano, North America's #1 up to the Portugues. Deseja encontrar minute best information line. brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva Also can get on same line Stock pan William, 1431 Ocean Ave., Market Quotes, Soaps updates, #1106, Santa Monica, CA, and Horoscopes. Stay Current. 90401. $1.98/minute. Must be 18 or. French American guy looking older. Sponsored.,by Aileron for friendship with Brazilian NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

FEIRA LIVRE RATES: 50c a ‘‘ ord. Phone is one \Nord.

DISCOUNTS: For 3 times deduct 5%. for 0 times deduct 10%. for 12 tunes deduct 15%.

POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our discretion. Sorry, no credit card at this tune. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please. include address and phone number. vi hich will he kept confidential DEADLINE: The 15th of the month. late material \\ ill be held for the follim Mg month if appropriate.

TO PLACE AD: Send ad %\ ith check or money order to News from Brazil P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536. men 35-55. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. Box 16655, Beverly Hills, CA 90209.

If you are in your twenties and would not muid living in California, you are an ideal candidate for an honest highly educated (Ivy League) financially secure, executive who likes to travel with you around the world, walk on the beach, cuddle with you in front of the fireplace in a ski chalet, go to concerts, Scuba dive and go to movies. Hopefully both of us can also give a little to others and help those in need. Please send a letter with picture to: 3857 Birch, Suite 454 - Newport Beach, CA 92660.

LA./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and supportive seeks smart, loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 to 35 for love and companionship.

Write letter with photo to Dr. G. Martin- 1107 Fair Oaks #184 South Pasadena, CA 91030 or call (213) 223-6100.

Meet the most beautiful Women and top notch Men on the world's #1 International DATELINE. Call 1-900-3293032 orcal11-900-F X-DODA. Meet your future iiate tonight.

Must be 18 or o der. $2.95/ minute. The Best. Sponsor is Aileron Star, Inc. Las Vegas, Nev. If line comp ints call 1702-598-2764.

Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. #179, San Francisco, CA 94103.

Successful, wealthy, goodlooking marriage-minded romantic American comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portuguese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated, English-speaking, non-smoking, non-religious brasileira in L.A. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757-, Santa Monica, CA 90408

PSYCHOTHERAPY

Emotional and psychological help. Elizabete Almeida Isel.A. CC intern offers psychotherapy in English/Portuguese.

Reasonable rates. (310) 2817536.

REAL ESTATE

BUYING, SELLING, RENTING - Let me assist you with all your Real Estate needs. Anywhere in the U.S. through National Referral Services. Call Debora Jackson at (703) 5480700. McEnearney Associates Inc. RENTAL

Private studio for single woman. Share kitchen/bath with Brazilian/American family.

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SERVICE OFFERED

Civil Engineer with Master's Degree offers service. (Substantiallcnowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521.

Pyramid Press offers: typesetting, copyediting, custom desktop publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425.

TRANSLATION & INTERP.

Certified translator, ast an • reliable. Call Sonia (813) 7747458.

J. Henry Phillips, simultaneous interpreter and ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (512) 834-1941. Fax: (512)834-0070.

TRAVEL

Washington Tour & Travel Brasil Vigo - International Money Transmitter - Passagens aereas domesticas e internacionais. Enviamos dinheiro para o Brasil em 24 horas. Traslados dos aeroportos em Washington D.C.. Tours em Washington D.C. - Tel: (703) 527-6977.

49

THURSDAY 1

TV & RADIO COAST TO COAST TV Beautiful Brazil - Every Saturday, 9 PM (East Coast Time) with Goulart de Andrade on the International Channel (In Portuguesewith English subtitles)

BOSTON

9:00 PM - Renni Flores at 14 Below

FRIDAY 2 9:00 PM - Viva Brazil & Brazil Show at Bahia Cabana

Gilberto Gil in Miami and Boston

SATURDAY 3

SUNDAY 11

10:00 AM - 7:30 PM - Brazilian Street Carnaval with SambaLa & MILA - For tickets: (310) 436-7794

7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill 9:00 PM - Zeca do Trombone & His Band at Bahia Cabana

MITCERM'AV

ItSLARTINeCi

Coragao Brasileiro - Every Sunday 12 00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM WMBR

9:00 PM - Renni F loresat Zabumba 9:30 PM - Flavia de Mello & Band at Café Danssa

CHICAGO

10:00 PM - lvson & Grupo Gosto at Bahia Cabana

The Sounds of Brazil - Every Saturday, 10:00 pm Midnight, 95.5 FM, WNUA with Scott Adams

SUNDAY 4

MIAMI 8:00 PM - Gilberto Gil at Intercontinental Hotel - Downtown

7:00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill

THURSDAY 15

LOS ANGELES Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 2:00 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour -Every Saturday and Sunday, 900 am - 10:00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko

MIAMI RADIO Brazilians Love Jazz -Every Sunday, 500 pm - 6 00 pm with Gina Martelli- 93.9 - Love 94

TV BTN (Brazilian TV Network) - 11:00 pm - 1:00 am, DCI ch 40, S South ch 51, Adelphia ch 52, sold Coast ch 99 Luqui Corporation -Jornal Bandeirantes - 11:00 pm 1:00 am, Dynamic ch 20, S South ch 41, Gold Coast ch 44, DCI ch 45

so

The whole month -Tomie Ohtake shows her paintings at Americas Society - 680 Park Ave.

2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd - (202) 7235854

2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 723-5854

WEDNESDAY 14

SZKIMMIVIMIC= 9:00 PM - Marcos Santos at 14 Below

FRIDAY 16

KOSION 8:00 PM - Gilberto Gil at Roxy

THURSDAY 8 9:00 PM - Dandara with Lisa Silva at Bahia Cabana 9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

FRIDAY 9 10:00 PM - lvson & Grupo Gosto at Bahia Cabana 9:00 PM -Max Jr.& Zabumba Band at Zabumba

SATURDAY 10 9:00 PM -Renni FloresatZabumba 9:30 PM -Constellation & MILA at Café Danssa 4-w,vitzt„iti 9:00 PM - Viva Brazil & Ginga Brasil at Bahia Cabana

LOS ANGELES 14 Below - 1348 14th St., Santa Monica - (310) 451-5040 Bokaos Club - 8689 Wilshire Beverly Hills- (310) 659-1200 Cafe Danssa -11533W. Pico BI. , West L.A.- (310) 478-7866 Caffe Rom a -350 N. Canon Beverly Hills - (310) 274-7834 Century Supper Club - 10131 Constellation B1.-(310)553-0000, Fais-Do-Do - 5257 W. Adams L.A. -(310) 842-6171 Foothill - 1922 Cherry Ave. Long Beach -(310) 983-9190 La Ye Lee- 12514 Ventura BI, Studio City - (818) 980-8158 Saint Marks-23 Windward Ave. Venice - (310) 452-2222 Tatou - 233 N. Beverly Dr.Beverly Hills - (310) 274-9955 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd Culver City - (310) 841-6525

NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

calendar - june 95 - us.a. :00 PM - Renni Flores at Zabumba .14i4e, kit°4711t:501k,. :00 PM - Som Brasil & Ginga Brasil at ahia Cabana ...

111uffi1slavAiM11111111 :00 PM - Sambrasil at Zabumba :30 PM - Sonia Santos at Café Danssa

10:00 PM - Ivson & Grupo Gosto at Bahia :abana :•"Y ;01:i•!% :00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil erforming at Live Oak Festival. Info: (310) 53-2492

SUNDAY 18 :00 PM - Marcos Santos & SambaLa at oothill

:00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil erforming at Stern Grove Festival. Info: -310) 453-2492 :00 PM - Zeca do Trombone & His Band -t Bahia Cabana :00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 4 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. (202) 723-5854

THURSDAY 22

4:00 PM - Flavio, Paulinho & Giba at !abumba

N FRANCISCO

Alberto' s - 736 W. Dana St., tn View, (415) 968-3007 oli. 469 Bush Street San' xFrancisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo -Ave.-Berkeley (510)525-5054,, Bahia - 41 Franklin St. - S. Francisco (415) 626-3306 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market - S. Fco. (415) 861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St. .; S. Francisco (415) 434-3688 ' The Ferryboat -Ernbarcaclero St, Pier 3, SF, (415) 788-8866 ino's - 1916 Martin L. King Berkeley (510) 845-9303 asand Lounge - 2284 ShattuckAv.,Berk. (510)848-0260 The Ramp -855 China Basin v: San Francisco (415)621-2378 Yoshi' s -6030 Claremont Ave. 4-Oakland (510) 652-9200

JEWS from BRAZIL- JUNE 1995

9:00 PM - Meia-Noite & Midnight Drums at 14 Below

10:00 PM - Ivson & Grupo Gosto at Bahia Cabana

TV & RADIO

8:00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil performing at LACE Info: (310) 453-2492 9:00 PM -Renni FloresatZabumba

NEW YORK/ NEW JERSEY

FRIDAY 23

SATURDAY 24 9:00 PM - Gal Costa at Paramount Theatre - 2025 Broadway - (510) 465-6400 0.Z.A

9:00 PM - Carnaval Ball with Lisa Silva at Bahia Cabana — 2:00 PM - Festa Junina promoted

by Institut° Infanto-Juvenil de Cultura Brasileira. VVith Quadfilha, Casamento na Roca & more. Call Ruth Walsh (213) 656-8978 8:00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil performing at LACE. Info: (310) 453-2492 9:00 PM -Renni FloresatZabumba

SUNDAY 25 r

6:00 PM - Festa Junina + Marcos Santos & SambaLa at Foothill 8:00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil performing at LACE. Info: (310) 453-2492 9:00 PM - Zeca do Trombone & His Band at Bahia Cabana

WEDNESDAY 28 Z- i`),,')s 8:00 PM-Joao Bosco& Gal Costa at Carnegie Hall - During the JVC Jazz Festival

THURSDAY 29 9:00 PM - Flavio, Paulinho & Giba at Zabumba 9:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

FRIDAY 30 9:00 PM -Renni FloresatZabumba 9:00 PM -Entre Nos& Ging a Brasil at Bahia Cabana

RADIO Brasil corn S - Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88 3 FM - WBGO Brazil FM - Every Sunday, 10.00 PM with Tulio Reis 105.9 FM - WNWK Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10:00 PM with Leo Costa & Alberto Lopes - 89.9 FM - WKCR Radio Amazonia - Every day, 6:30 PM on shortwave - 6.185 MHZ

TV Brazilians in America-TV - Every Sunday, 5,30 PM Channel 16

SACRAMENTO California The Sounds of Brazil- Every Sunday, 11:00 pm- 1 00 am , KSSJ FM, 101.9 with Scott Adams

S. FRANCISCO Agora Brasil - Every Saturday, 3.00 PM - 4:00 PM, KPFA, 94.0 FM with Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho- Every Wednesday, 9.30 PM, KZSC, 88.1 FM with Renato Frota Canta, Brasil - Every Sunday, 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM KKUP, 91.5 FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman Programa de Domingo Every Sunday, 1.00 PM 2:00 PM, KSQQ 96.1 FM with Lino Bugatti A Taste of Brazil - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM - 11:00 PM, KKSF, 103.7 with Dick Conte Tropicalia Brasiliana Every Friday, 8:00 PM - 9 00 PM, KUSF, 90.3 with Raimundo Franco

51

Boston Area Books Livraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809 Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000 Dentist Sylvio P. Lassa (617) 924-1882 Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cachaca (617) 666-5410 Instruction Braz. & Amer. Lg. Inst.

(617) 787-7716 Music Brazil CDs (617) 524-5030 Publications The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651 Restaurants Café Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropicana (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613

Chicago Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244 Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683

Los Angeles Accountant Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436 Airlines Yang (800) GO VAR1G Vasp (310) 364-0160 Arts & Crafts Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebi Designs (310) 391-6530 Auto Repair Cosmo Auto Parts (213) 259-9818 Joao Fontes (310) 396-6690 Pit Stop - °tiring+ do Its (310) 643-6666 Banks Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996 Catering Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Remi Vila Real (818) 280-0061 Clothes Samba (310) 983-9190 Summer Brazil (310) 455-1772 52

Clubs & Associations Centro Cultural Gaucho (213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif.

(714) 857-6764 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 Sam baLi -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190 Computer Henriques - Maintenance (818) 767-5153 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664 Dentists Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polido (714) 848-9200 Events Promotion Brazilian Nites Prod.

(818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties & Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992 The Rio Thing (818) 753-4932 Food & Products Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139 Import/Export Brazil "R" US (310) 607-9771 Instruction Brasil Brasil Cult. Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427 Music Bossa Nova - Georgia (818) 891-0912 Braz. Jazz /All Occasions (310) 839-3788 Jazz - Richard Samuels (818) 798-5424 Physician Paulo Coharte (310) 285-9670 Decio Rangel (310) 828-7454 Ingrid Rodi - Gynec.

(310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430 Psychother/Counsel.

Elizabeth Almeida M.A. (310) 281-7536 Fatima Castro (310) 822-6770 Dr. Jefferson Si (818) 592-0402 Publications News from Brazil (213) 255-4953 Restaurants & Cafes Bossa Nova (310) 657-5070 Brazilian Tropical (714) 720-1522

By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Café Brasil (310) 837-8957 Lulu's Alibi (310) 479-6007 Pan Handler (714) 970-5826 Rio Grande (818) 376-0202 Yolie's Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0722 Zabumba (310) 841-6525 Translation/Interp.

Brazilian Int. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantins Communlc.

81 34-445

Travel/Tours Around the World Trl. (800) 471-6333 Brazil Tours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H - Hotel Repres.

(800) 544-5503 Heliview - Helicopter (805)297-3691

Miami Airlines Transbrasil (800) 872-3153 Yang (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167 Clubs & Associations ABFC -As. Bras. da Dor. (407) 354-5200 Cam. Corn. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161 Consulate Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200 Dentists Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de Si (305) 262-8212 Food & Beverages All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Guarani Esteves (305) 345-1540 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718 Physicians Dr. Jorge Macedo (305) 271-7311 Dr. Mario Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 772-4694 Publications Florida Review (305) 374-5235 Restaurants Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-1001 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358 Gula Guts (305) 532-3636 Travel Agencies Alla n tictu r (800) 535-0942 Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 BTB Tours (800) BRASIL-4 Discover Brazil Tours (800) 524-3666 Euroamerica (305) 358-3003 International Tours (800) 822-1318 Luma Travel (305) 374-8635 Monark Travel (305) 374-5855

New Port Tours (305) 372-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580

New York New Jersey 00 S

Luso-Brazilian Books (800) 727-LUSO Clubs & Associations Brazilian Ch. of Corn.

(212) 575-9030 Brazilian Corn. Bureau (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280 Consulate Brazilian Gen. Cons.

(212) 757-3080 Food & Products Amazonia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884 Publications The Brasilians (212) 382-1630 Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 Samba Newsletter (718) 937-0574 Restaurants Brasilia (212) 869-9200 Brazil 2000 (212) 877-7730 Brazilian Pavillion (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 Indigo Blues (212) 221-0033 S.O. B. (212) 243-4940 Travel Agencies Barb Tour Service (201) 313-0996 International Sandlly (718) 699-2900 Mystical Destinations (718) 956-1630 Nascente Travel (718) 545-0608 Odyssea Travel Service (212) 826-3019 Santos Dumont mt.

(212) 764-5680

San Diego Attorney Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826 Clubs & Associations Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 222-6911 Import/Export Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401 Money Remittance Vigo-California (619) 479-V1GO

San Francisco Area Airlines Varig (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100 Auto Repair Nelson Auto Repair (415) 255-6717 Malts Auto Body (415) 565-3560 Banks Banco do Brasil (415) 398-4814 Beauty Salon Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Dalven Hair Design (415) 433-7646 Neyde's (415) 681-5355 Bike Repair West Bike (415) 241-9125 Clubs B.A.S.O. (415) 661-2788 Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106 Computer Micronet (415) 665-1994 Consulate Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170 Dance Instruction Aquarela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Coracio (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suer (415) 282-7378 Dental Care Roberto Sales, DDS (510) 451-8315 Food

Marcos Silva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sul (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil (415) 342-8508 Voz do Brazil (415) 586-2276 Musical Instruments Tamborim & Samba (415) 871-2201 Physician Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219 Printing M. C. Printing (510) 268-8967 Publications Brazil Today (510) 223-5190 News from Brazil (415) 648-5966 Restaur./N ght Clubs Bahia Cabana (415) 861-4202 Café do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Café Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto do Brasil (415) 626-8727 Little Rio (415) 441-3344 Michelangelo Café (415) 986-4058 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600 Soccer Sunset Soccer Supply (415) 753-2666 Translation Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Raimundo Franco (415) 285-8364 Travel Agencies Rio Roma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 Tucanos Travel (415) 454-9961

ashington DC Area

Brazilian Coffee Dist.

(415) 648-5966 California Produce (415) 586-6200 IIGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511 Instruction Portuguese - A. Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv.

(415) 587-4990 Money Remittance Via Brazil (415) 673-0262 Vigo (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258 Music Fogo na Roupa (510) 635-8406

Airlines Transbrasil (202) 775-9180 Yang (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. de S. Paulo (202) 682-1151 Clubs & Associations Brat. Am. Cult. Inst.

(202) 362-8334 Inst. of Brazil. Business (202) 994-5205 Embassy Embaixada do Brasil (202) 745-2700 Travel Agencies Intern. Discount Travel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977

NEWS from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

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53

AN EXCERPT ario Vieira de Mello, one of the few writers to approach the problem of the relations between underdevelopment and culture, makes a distinction for the Brazilian case that is also valid for all of Latin America.

He says that there has been a marked alteration of perspectives; until the 1930s the idea of "the new country," still unable to realize itself, but attributing to itself great possibilities of future progress, predominated among us. With no essential modification in the distance that separates us from the rich countries, what predominates now is the notion of an "underdeveloped country." The first perspective accentuated potential strength and, therefore, a still unrealized greatness. The second pointed out the present poverty, the atrophy; what was lacking, not what was abundant.

The consequences Mario Vieira de Mello drew from this distinction do not seem valid to me, but taken by itself it is correct and helps us to understand certain fundamental aspects of literary creation in Latin America. In fact, the idea of a new country produces in literature some fundamental attitudes, derived from surprise, from the interest in the exotic, from a certain respect for the grandiose, and from a hopeful sense of possibilities.

The idea that America constituted a privileged place was expressed in utopian projections that functioned in the physiognomy of conquest and colonization; and Pedro Henriquez Urea reminds us that the first document about our continent, Columbus's letter, inaugurated the tone of seduction and exaltation that would be communicated to posterity. In the seventeenth century, mixing pragmatism and prophesy, Antonio Vieira recommended the transfer of the Portuguese monarchy, fated to realize the highest ends of History as the seat of the Fifth Empire, to Brazil. Later, when the contradictions of colonial status led the dominant strata to a political separation from the mother countries, there emerged the complementary idea that America had been predestined to be the country of liberty, and thus to consummate the destiny of Western man.

This state of euphoria was inherited

by Latin American intellectuals, who transformed it into both instruments of national affirmation and an ideological justification. Literature became the language of celebration and tender affection, favored by Romanticism, with support from hyperbole and the transformation of exoticism into a state of the soul.

Our sky was bluer, our flowers more luxuriant, our countryside more inspiring than that of other places, as in a Brazilian poem that, from this point of view, is valuable as a paradigm: the "Song of Exile," by Goncalves Dias, who could stand for any of his Latin American contemporaries from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego.

The idea ofcountrywas closely linked to that of nature and in part drew its justification from it. Both were conducive to a literature that compensated for material backwardness and the weakness of institutions by an overvaluation of regional features, making exoticism a

kind of unfolding of the strength of the first. Our literatures are nourished in the "divine promises of hope," to cite a famous verse by the Brazilian Romantic poet Castro Alves.

But, the other side of the coin, the discouraged. visions shared the same order of associations, as if the weakness or the disorganization of institutions constituted an inconceivable paradox in the face of the. grandiose natural conditions. ("In America everything is great, only man is small.")

Now, given this causal link of "beautiful landâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;great country," it is not difficult to see the repercussions a consciousness of underdevelopment could produce in a change of perspective that made evident the reality of the poor lands, the archaic technologies, the astonishing misery of the people, the paralyzing lack of culture. The resulting vision is pessimistic with respect to the present and problematic with respect to the future, and the only remnant of the previous phase's millenarianism, perhaps, might be the confidence with which it is acknowledged that the removal of imperialism could bring, in itself, an explosion of progress. But, in general, it is no longer a matter of a passive point of view. Deprived of euphoria, the point of view is combative, and this leads to a decision to We can imagine that the struggle, since the trauma of consciousLatin American writer is ness caused by the confirmation of how condemned always to be great the backwardness is catastrophic, what he has been: a and invites political reformulations. The producer of cultural goods preceding gigantism, based on a hyperfor minorities, though in this bolic view of nature, then appears in its true essence â&#x20AC;&#x201D; as an ideological concase that does not signify stniction transformed into a compensagroups of high tory illusion. From this comes the dispoaesthetic quality, but simply sition to combat that is diffused through the few groups disposed the continent, the idea of underdevelopto read. ment becoming a propulsive force, which gives a new stamp to the political obligation of our intellectuals.

ANTONIO CANDID() The consciousness of underdevelopment followed the Second World War On Literature and Society, Antonio and was manifested clearly from the fifCandido. translated by Howard S. . ties on. But there had been, since the Becker, Princeton University Press, thirties, a change in orientation, which 1995, 198 pp could be taken as a thermometer, given its generality and persistence, above all in regionalist fiction. It then abandoned reason for social optimism. In the Santos pleasantness and curiosity, anticipating Vega, of the Argentine Rafael Obligado, on the verge of the twentieth century, the or perceiving what had been disguised in nativist exaltation is projected onto a the picturesque enchantment or ornamenpatriotism properly speaking, and the poet tal chivalry with which rustic man had implicitly distinguishes country (institu- previously been approached. It is not tional) and land (natural), nevertheless false to say that, from this point of view, linking them in the same gesture of iden- the novel acquired a demystifying force that preceded the coming-to-awareness tification: of economists and politicians.

In this essay, I will speak, alternaLa convicciOn de que es mia tively or comparatively, of the literary La patria de Echeverria, characteristics of the mild phase of backLa tien-a de Santos Vega. wardness, corresponding to the ideology of the "new country"; and of the phase of [The conviction of what is mine catastrophic consciousness of backwardThe country of Echeverria ness, corresponding to the notion of "unThe land of Santos Vega.] derdeveloped country." The two are intiCountry for the thinker, land for the mately meshed with one another, and we singer. One of the assumptions, explicit see the lines of the present in both the or latent, of Latin American literature immediate and remote past. With respect was this mutual contamination, generally to method, it would be possible to study euphoric, of land and country, the gran- the conditions of the diffusion of, or of deur of the second being considered- as a the production of, literary works. Without forgetting the first focus, I prefer to

54 NEWS from BRAZE. JUNE 1905

emphasize the second by means of which, though we leave aside statistical rigor, we come close, in compensation, to the specific interests of literary criticism.

If we think of the material conditions of literature's existence, the basic fact, perhaps, is illiteracy, which in the countries of advanced pre-Columbian culture is aggravated by the still present linguistic plurality, with diverse languages seeking their place in the sun. In fact, illiteracy is linked to the manifestations of cultural weakness: lack of the means of communication and diffusion (publishers, libraries, magazines, newspapers); the nonexistence, dispersion, and weakness of publics disposed to literature, due to the small number of real readers (many fewer than the already small number of literates); the impossibility, for writers, of specializing in their literary jobs, generally therefore realized as marginal, or even amateur, tasks; the lack of resistance or discrimination in the face of external influences and .pressures. The picture of this weakness is completed by such economic and political factors as insufficient levels of remuneration and the financial anarchy of governments, coupled with inept or criminally disinterested educational policies. Except in the contiguous meridional countries that form "white America" (in the European phrase), there would have to be a revolution to alter the predominant condition of illiteracy, as occurred slowly and incompletely in Mexico and rapidly. in Cuba.

These features are not combined mechanically, nor always in the same way, there being diverse possibilities of dissociation and grouping among them. Illiteracy is not always a sufficient explanation of the weakness in other sectors, although it is the basic feature of underdevelopment in the cultural area. Peru, to cite an example, is less badly situated than various other countries with respect to the index of schooling, but it presents the same backwardness with respect to the diffusion of culture. In another sector, the publishing boom of the 1940s in Mexico and Argentina showed that the lack of books was not uniquely a consequence of the reduced number of readers and of lower buying power, since all of Latin America, including the Portuguese-speaking part, absorbed significant numbers of its publications. Perhaps we can conclude that the bad publishing habits and the lack of communication further accentuated the inertia of the public; and that there was an unsatisfied capacity for absorption.

This last example reminds us that the problem of publics presents distinctive features in Latin America, since it is the only group of underdeveloped countries whose people speak European languages (with the exception, already noted, of the indigenous groups) and have their origins in countries that today still have underdeveloped areas themselves (S?ain and Portugal). In these ancient motaer countries literature was, and continues to be, a good of restricted consumption, in comparison with the fully developed countries, where publics can be classified according to the kind of reading they do,

NEWS.from BRAZIL - JUNE 1995

such a classification permitting comparisons with the stratification of the entire society. But, as much in Spain and Portugal as in our own countries of Latin America, there is a basic negative condition, the number of literates? that is, those who could eventually constitute the readers of works. This circumstance brings the Latin American countries nearer to the actual conditions of their mother countries than are, in relation to theirs, the underdeveloped countries of Africa and Asia, which speak different languages than those of the colonizers and confront the grave problem of choosing the language in which to display literary creation. African writers in European languages (French, like Leopold Sendar Senghor, or English, like Chinua Achebe) are doubly separated from their potential publics; and are tied either to metropolitan publics, distant in every sense, or to an incredibly reduced local public.

This is said to show that the possibilities of communication for the Latin American writer are greater, compared to the rest of the Third World, despite the present situation, which reduces greatly his eventual public. Nevertheless, we can imagine that the Latin American writer is condemned always to be what he has been: a producer of cultural goods for minorities, though in this case that does not signify groups of high aesthetic quality, but simply the few groups disposed to read. But let us not forget that modern audio-visual resources might change our processes of creation and our means of communication, so that when the great masses finally acquire education, who knows but what they will look outside the book to satisfy their needs for fiction and poetry.

Put another way: in the majority of our countries large masses, immersed in a folkloric stage of oral communication, are still beyond the reach of erudite literature. Once literate and absorbed by the process of urbanization, they come under the dominion of radio, television, and comic strips, constituting the foundation of a mass culture. Literacy would then not increase the number of readers of literature, as conceived here, proportionally; but would fling the literate, together with the illiterate, directly from the phase of folklore into this kind of urban folklore that is massified culture. During the Christianization of the continent the colonial missionaries wrote documents and poetry in the indigenous language or the vernacular in order to make the principles of religion and of the metropolitan civilization accessible to those being indoctrinated by means of consecrated literary forms, equivalent to those destined for the cultivated man of the times. In our time, a contrary process rapidly converts nral man to urban society, by means o communicative resources that- even include subliminal inculcation, imposing on him dubious values quite different from those the cultivated man seeks in a and in literature.

This problem is one of the gravest i the underdeveloped countries, by virtuof the massive pressure of what could b called the cultural know-how and th very materials already elaborated for

massified culture coming from the developed countries. By such means, these countries can not only diffuse their values in the normal fashion, but also act abnormally through them to orient, according to their political interests, the opinions and the sensibility â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the political interests â&#x20AC;&#x201D; of underdeveloped populations. It is normal, for example, that the image of the cowboy hero of the Western is diffused because, independent of judgments of value, it is one of the features of North American culture incorporated into the average sensibility of the contemporary world. In countries with a large Japanese immigration, such as Peru and above all Brazil, there is diffused in a similarly normal manner the image of the samurai, especially by means of the cinema. But it is abnormal that such images serve as the vehicle for inculcating in the publics of the underdeveloped countries attitudes and ideas that identify them with the political and economic interests of the countries in which those images were made. When we realize that the majority of the animated cartoons and comic strips have a North American copyright, and that a large proportion of detective and adventure fiction comes from the same source, or is copied from it? it is easy to evaluate the negative effect it could eventually have, as an abnormal diffusion among a defenseless public.

In this respect it is convenient to point out that in erudite literature the problem of influences (as we will see later) can have either a good aesthetic effect or a deplorable one; but only in exceptional cases does it have any influence on the ethical or political behavior of the masses, since it reaches a restricted number of restricted publics. Even so, in a massified civilization, where nonliterary, preliterary, or subliterary media, such as those cited, predominate, such restricted and differentiated publics tend to unify themselves to the point of being confounded with the mass, which receives the influence on an immense scale. And, what is more, by means of vehicles whose aesthetic element is reduced to a minimum, thus rendering them capable of being confounded with ethical or political designs that, in the limiting case, penetrate the entire population.

Seeing that we are a "continent under intervention," an extreme vigilance is proper for Latin American literature, in order not to be taken in by the instruments and values of mass culture, which seduce so many contemporary artists and theorists. It is not a case of .joining the "apocalyptics," but rather of alerting the "integrated" â&#x20AC;&#x201D; to use Umberto Eco's expressive distinction. Certain modern experiences are fruitful from the point of view of the spirit of the vanguard and the connection of art and literature to the rhythm of the time, as in Concretism and other currents. But it costs nothing to remember what can occur when they are manipulated politically by the wrong side in a mass society. In fact, even though they present at the time an hermetic and restrictive aspect, the principles in which they are based, having as resources an expressive sonority, graphical elements, and syntagmatic combinations of great

55

suggestive power, can eventually become much more penetrating than traditional literary forms, functiomng as nonliterary instruments, but more penetrating for just this reason, reaching massified publics.

And there is no point, for the literary expression of Latin America, in moving from the aristocratic segregation of the era of oligarchies to the directed manipulation of the masses in an era of propaganda and total imperialism.

III Illiteracy and cultural debility influence more than the exterior aspects just mentioned. For the critic, their action in the consciousness of the writer and in the very nature of his work is more interesting.

In the time of what I called the mild consciousness of backwardness, the writer shared the enlightened ideology, according to which schooling automatically brought all the benefits that permitted the humanization of man and the progress of society. At first, schooling was recommended only for the citizens, the minority from which were recruited those who shared economic and political advantages; later, for all the people, seen dimly, vaguely, and from afar, less as a reality than as a liberal conception. Emperor Dom Pedro II said that he would have preferred to be a teacher, which denoted an attitude equivalent to the famous point of view of Sarmiento, according to which the predominance of civilization over barbarism had as a presupposition a latent urbanization, based in schooling. In the continental vocation of Andres Bello it is impossible to distinguish the political vision from the pedagogic project; and in the more recent group, Ateneo, of Caracas, the resistance to tyranny of Juan Vicente Gomez was inseparable from the desire to diffuse enlightened ideas and to create a literature full of myths of redemptive education — all projected in the figure of Romulo Gallegos, who ended up as the first President of a renascent Republic.

A curious case is that of a thinker like Manuel Bonfim, who published in 1905 a book of great interest, A America Latina.

Unjustly forgotten (perhaps because it based itself on outmoded biological analogies, perhaps because of the troublesome radicalism of its positions), it analyzes our backwardness as a function of the prolongation of colonial status, embodied in the persistence of oligarchies and in foreign imperialism. In the end, when everything leads to a theory of the transformation of social structures as a necessary condition, a disappointing weakening of the argument occurs, and he ends by preaching schooling as a panacea. In such cases, we touch the core of the illusion of the enlightened, an ideology of the phase of hopeful consciousness of backwardness that, significantly, does little to bring what is hoped for to realization.

It is not surprising, then, that the idea already referred to, according to which the New Continent was destined to be the country of liberty, has undergone a curious adaptation: it would be destined, equally, to be the country of the book.

This is what we read in a rhetorical poem

in which Castro Alves says that, while Gutenberg invented the printing press, Columbus found the ideal place for that revolutionary technique (the italics are the poet's): Quando no tosco estaleiro Da Alemanha o velho obreiro A ave da imprensa gerou, 0 Genove's salta os mares, Busca urn ninho entre os palmares E a patria da imprensa achou.

[While in the rough workshop Of Germany the old worker Begot the bird of printing, The Genoese leaped over the seas, Seeking a home among the palms and discovered the country of printing.]

This poem, written in the 1860s by a young man burning with liberalism, is called, expressively, "0 livro e a America" (The book and America), displaying the ideological position I refer to.

Thanks to this ideology, these intellectuals constructed an equally deformed vision of their own position, confronted by a dominant lack of culture. Lamenting the ignorance of the people and wishing it would-disappear so that the country might automatically rise to its destined heights, they excluded themselves from the context and thought of themselves as a group apart, really 'floating," in a more cornlete sense than that of Alfred Weber.

They floated, with or without consciousness of guilt, above the lack of culture and the backwardness, certain that it could not contaminate them, or affect the quality of what they did. Since the environment could only give them limited shelter, and since their values were rooted in Europe, it was to Europe that they projected themselves, taking it unconsciously as a point of reference and a scale of values; and considering themselves the equals of the best there.

But in truth the general lack of culture produced, and produces, a much more penetrating debility, which interferes with all culture and with the quality, of the works themselves. Seen from today, the situation of yesterday seems different from the illusion that reigned then, since today we can analyze it more objectively, due to the action of time and to our own efforts at unmasking.

The question will become clearer as we take up foreign influences. In order to understand them best, it is convenient to focus, in the light of these reflections on backwardness and underdevelopment, on the problem of cultural dependency. This is, so to speak, a natural fact, given our situation as peoples who are colonized, or descendants of colonizers, or who have suffered the imposition of their civilization, but a complicated fact, with positive and negative aspects.

This cultural penury caused writers to turn, necessarily, toward the patterns of the mother countries and of Europe in general, creating a group that was, in a way, aristocratic in relation to the uneducated man. In fact, to the degree that a sufficient local public did not exist, people wrote as if their ideal public was in Eu-

rope and thus often dissociated themselves from their own land. This gave birth to works that authors and readers considered highly refined, because they assimilated the forms and values of European fashion. Except that, for lack of local points of reference, they often could go no farther than exercises of mere cultural alienation, which were not justified by the excellence of their realization — and that is what occurred in what there is of the bazaar and of affectation in the so-called "Modernism" of the Spanish language, and its Brazilian equivalents, Parnassianism and Symbolism. Clearly, there is much that is sound in Ruben Dario, as in Herrera y Reissig, Bilac, and Cruz e Sousa. But there are also many false jewels unmasked by time, much contraband that gave them an air of competitors for some international prize for beautiful writing. The refinement of the decadents was provincial, showing the mistaken perspective that predominates when the elite, with no base in an uncultivated people, has no way of confronting itself critically and supposes that the relative distance that separates them translates of itself into a position of absolute height. "I am the last Greek!" — so shouted theatrically in 1924 in the Brazilian Academy the enormously affected Coelho Neto, a kind of laborious local D'Annunzio, protesting against the vanguardism of the modernists, who eventually broke the aristocratic pose in art and literature.

Let us recall another aspect of alienated aristocratism, which at the time seemed an appreciable refinement: the use of foreign languages in the production of works.

Certain extreme examples were involuntarily saturated with the most paradoxical humorousness, as in the case of a belated Romantic of the lowest rank, Pires de Almeida, who published, as late as the beginning of this century, in French, a nativist play, probably composed some decades earlier: La fete des cranes, drame des moeurs indiennes en trois actes et douze tableaux (The festival of the skulls: A drama of Indian customs in three acts and twelve tableaux). But this practice is really significant when it is linked to authors and works of real quality, such as those of Claudio Manuel da Costa, who left a large and excellent body of work in Italian. Or Joaquim Nabuco, a typical example of the cosmopolitan oligarchy of liberal sentiment in the second half of the nineteenth century, who wrote autobiographical passages and a book of reflections in French — but above all a play whose conventional alexandrines debated the problems of conscience of an Alsatian after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870! A variety of minor symbolists (and also one of the most important, Alphonsus de Guimaraens) wrote all of their work, or at least a part thereof, in the same language. The Peruvian Francisco Garcia Calderon wrote, in French, a book that had value as an attempt at an integrated vision of the Latin American countries.

The Chilean Vicente Huidobro wrote part of his work and of his theory in French.

The Brazilian Sergio Milliet published his first poetic work in French. And I am

NEWS from BRAZIL. JUNE 1995

certain that we could find innumerable examples of the same thing in every country of Latin America, from the vulgar official and academic work of pedants to productions of quality.

All this did not happen without some ambivalence, since the elites, on the one hand, imitated the good and bad of European models; but, on the other hand and sometimes simultaneously, they displayed the most intransigent spiritual independence, in an oscillating movement between reality and a utopia of an ideological stamp. And thus we see that illiteracy and refinement, cosmopolitanism and regionalism, could all have roots that mingled in the soil of the lack of culture and the effort to overcome it.

More serious influences of cultural weakness on literary production are the facts of backwardness, anachronism, degradation, and the confusion of values.

All literature presents aspects of backwardness that are normal in their way, it beina possible to say that the media of b production of a given moment are already tributary to the past, while the vanguard prepares the future. Beyond this there is an official subliterature, marginal and provincial, generally expressed through the Academies. But what demands attention in Latin America is the way aesthetically anachronistic works were considered valid; or the way secondary works were welcomed by the best critical opinion and lasted for more than

a generation â&#x20AC;&#x201D;while either should soon have been put in its proper place, as something valueless or the evidence of a harmless survival. We cite only the strant.,ae case of the poem Tabare, by Juan Zorrilla de San Martin, an attempt at a national Uruguayan epic at the end of the nineteenth century, taken seriously by critical opinion despite having been conceived and executed according to the most obsolete patterns.

At other times the backwardness is not shocking, simply signifying a cultural tardiness. This is what occurred with naturalism in the novel, which arrived a little late and has prolonged itself until now with no essential break in continuity, though modifying its modalities.

The fact of our being countries that in the greater part still have problems of adjustment and struggle with the environment, as well as problems linked to racial diversity, prolonged the naturalist preoccupation with physical and biological factors. In such cases the weight of the local reality produces a kind of legitimization of this delayed influence, which acquires a creative meaning. So, when naturalism was already only a survival of an outdated genre in Europe, among us it could still be an ingredient of legitimate literary formulas, such as the social novel of the 1930s and 1940s.

Other cases are frankly disastrous: those of cultural provincialism which leads to a loss of a sense of measure, the result of which is to evaluate works of no

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yalue at all by the standards applied in Europe to works of quality. This leads, further, to phenomena of true cultural degradation, causing spurious work to bass, in the sense in which a counterfeit banknote passes, due to the weakness of publics and the absence of a sense of values in both publics and writers. We see here the routinization of influences already dubious in themselves, such as Oscar Wilde, D'Annunzio, and even natole France, in the books of our own Elisio de Carvalho and Afranio Peixoto in the first quarter of this century. Or, bordering on the grotesque, the veritable profanation of Nietzsche by Vargas Villa, whose vogue in all of Latin America reached milieus that in principle should have been immune, on a scale that astonishes us and makes us smile. The profitndity of the semicultured created these and other mistakes.

r

This article was excerpted from Antonio Ccindido: On Literature and Society, translated, edited, and introduced by Howard S. Becker.

Copyright C 1995 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

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