Brazzil - Year 6 - Number 111 - March 1995

,

hear 6 - No. 111 - March 199

NATION:

HONEYMOON IS OVER !FOR THE PRESIDENT

IECONOMY:

IS BRAZIL GETTING TEQUILA HANGOVER?

BEHAVIO COUNTRY DISCUSSING'' DRUG LEGALIZATIO -

TRAY

-:c1.1NSPOILED PAR 10 GRANDE DO

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BRAZIL UPDATE WEEKLY MOSTRA A NOSSA TERRA, MOSTRA A NOSSA GENTEM SO AS NOSSAS FITAS PODEM LHE GARANTIR SHOWS MUSICAIS, NOVELAS, HUMORISMO, NOTICIAS E ESPORTES NO DIA E HORA QUE LHE FOR MAIS CONVENIENTE. TELEFONE AGORA OU VA ATE 0 REPRESENTANTE MAIS PROXIMO DE SUA CASA E SAIBA 0 PORQUE DA PREFERENCIA ABSOLUTA DOS BRASILEIROS RESIDENTES Nes ESTADOS UNIDOS E CANADA POR NOSSOS PRODUTOS.

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3

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139 Brighton Ave. Allston, MA 02134 NEWS from BRAZIL- MARCH 1995

Brazilians don't remember having a sunnier summer than this. Look at the beaches. The little sand territory left is being disputed by three, four newcoming colorful parasols.

The hotels are full, the roads are jammed. Look at the numbers: an 1.5% monthly rate of inflation down from 50% just a few months ago, a continuous 5% growth of our Gross

8

National Product.

Listen to the people on the streets:.

They talk about faith and the pride of being Brazilian. Listen to the factories' machines buzzing along as never before, many times running at full capacity. Listen to the bustle at the malls.

They are crowded. People might not be rich overnight, but they are spending more freely.

Smell the fresh fruit on the street corners and the hot food just being prepared in the restaurants where there

are big lines of people waiting. Feel the air. There is a current of excitement made up with a World Cup championship victory, a new government, a sense that corruption in public life is being adequately dealt with. Touch our pride. Right now, we even have an author who is France's number one best-seller.

What about misery, injustice, unequal distribution of wealth? We will take care of this tomorrow. Today we celebrate hope.

R.M.

CONTENTS

29

Cover

Cronica

1001 reasons to be happy

Nine by Fernando Sabino

16

35

New president is no popularity champion

Nelson Pereira dos Santos for export

18 What now, Lula?

20 Under the tequila effect

23 Winchell's mission in Rio

24 Should pot be legal?

NEWS"BRkZIC

Cover by Aylan Francesco

36 The Jews from Rio

DEPARTMENTS 6 Rapidinhas 14 Letters 45 Brazilian Notas 46 The Cultural Pulse 47 Por ai 49 Classifieds 50 U.S.A. Calendar 52 That's Brazilian

38 Travel

A land of dinosaurs and can gaceiros

42 That's oxente music

54 What black power?

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5

RAP11311YHRS Publicity When Patria Minha (Country of Mine), Globo T,VenetWork's prime-time novela (soapopera), started some few months ago, it seemed like a sure-fire hit. It had unscrupulous rich people, virtuous poor, conniving social climbers and plenty of sex.

And it was written by Gilberto Braga the darling of the new wave of the noveia genre. The story, however, didn't work, rates went down, star Vera Fisher and hett real-life husband were fired for insubordination and their characters were dispatched in a hotel fire, as witches$were burned during the Inquisition. Rates sank even lowei.oF6e5G1obo now, the sooner all of this ends the better. The have already found the country's savior. His name is Silvio de Al another soap-opera luminary. His novel starts March 13. It' called A Proxima V:j (The Next Victiinf Hoping it is not A himself In order to make their crime more humane, some of Rio's kidnappers are now giving their,' prospective victims chance to pay their ransom before being abducted. That's what happened to psychiatrist Domingos Elpidio Russo, who owns a $500,000 apartment in ould-be, Ipanema. ' abductors cal with an ultimatum: se the flat and give us $300,000 if you want to

Naked justice The warning given by Antonio Carlos Amorim. President of Rio's Justice Tribunal, to lingerie manufacturer DuLoren, was very clear: -Launch this campaign and I will sue you and all the media that dare to expose it." Amorim was talking about a publicity piece Young & Rubican has prepared to advertise DuLoren's new line of panties and bras.

The ad. initially scheduled to hit the consumer in February, has two parts and is supposed to run on two pages side by side.

On the left there's a bespectacled stern judge (a woman) with a raised gavel, while the defendant (a man) seems to cry. On the right, the same judge is only in her underwear, behind bars, seducing a young shirtless and handcuffed stud who is kneeling in front of her.

It's been two years now that DuLoren has been running risque advertising, always with the same copy: "You don't know what DuLoren is capable of." One of them showed a nun in very sexy lingerie. Another presented two semi-naked girls kissing each other.

Thanks to sex appeal.

DuLoren is now Brazil's leader in its field, having made $100 million selling 15 million lingerie units in 1994.

"We are interested in the woman who is not expecting her prince charming, and we have the consumer's approval," says Roni Argalji, vice-president of DuLoren, referring to research done by his company to test the ads. It remains to be seen whether the firm is ready to face the judge's wrath.

avoid being kidnappe They had thought through everything and had even placed au-' apartment for-sale ad in the mew spapers:'It waS usso', Idpe nst r els°l0i1heen 4t1-:'— ee h eyi7s alittl'!19 ‘4" lela tient ent.He :1Veib::nsaied , am one e m64 '4 * to ank a group of Kriat ieig The t : rra1a :.'l:: : dthn ia.m e iàns Were overnent their show P:pressiorPrb; California prosecuto la LungreWis'bringin pit agains(W,Orld Rio' Diego Corp, inpany tha5 Aributes the Rio Hair, aturalizer System. TheVroduct is a hair softeheilthat promes stip§thhd lustrous touch of ' 144044f gic. More than 5QOoplc have á1fêajoicd in the ing everything ram green hair to 'afterAising,the I. Some swear never again use iri'l3razil

04

4

arch 10, Brazilians get a new network V. It is the Rede Vida (Life Network) owned by the Catholic church. Initiallyoitly people in efo4flo rizonte, F,10 r i a no polis Brazil

NEVVS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

Language ians with a satellite dish, will be able to tune in, There are plans to invest $20 million in the system until the end of the year and cover all the states in three years.

The new network already has its novela: Irma Catarina (Sister Catarina).

Editora Brasiliense is preparing the release of Dossie dos Mortos e Desaparecidos (Dossier of the Dead and Disappeared) for this May. The document is a recounting of the people that were killed and vanished during the 20 years of military dictatorship. According to new information, 156 were killed and 152 disappeared during that period. The families of all of those persecuted intend to file a lawsuit against the government asking for indemnification.

A strong candidate to win a $6-billion contract with the Pentagon for 712 training planes is the Super Tucano EMB312 H, manufactured by Brazil's Embraer in cooperation with American Northrop.

Brazil has chosen the US as the supplier for the equipment needed for the Amazon Surveillance System (SIVAM), and for the Brazilian authorities the right thing to do now would be to reciprocate the confidence.

Brazil still hasn't been banned from the international film festival circuit. Sergio

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

Newarkese espicado here Go-go girls have given their contribution to a .new Brazilenglish language, emerging on the East Coast. but so have a number of other Brazilian professionals working in and around Newark, New Jersey. When the Brazilian night-club dancers in that region want to show their private parts they call it jlaxear (from to flash). And when Brazilian mechanics deal with auto parts they end up talking about nmapiar (make a tuneup). The neologisms are so many that Fernando Carlos da Silva, director of Bilingual America. a school for teaching English. has compiled 0 Dicionario de Newarkes. a small lexicon and is already thinking of making it a book. A sample: Baran; - buttered roll Ca - Car Cona - Corner Dona - Doughnut Draivar - To drive Espicar - To speak brizar - To freeze Moura reiculos - Dept. of Motor Vehicles Renda - Rent Rumos - Rooms Tapista - Typist Uora - Water

People

Swift retribution For many young women, being a model is a fantasy that never leaves the field of dreams. However, Monica Santoro, 23. 136 lb., 5"7, had barely mentioned her wish to model before photographers started to line up at her door. It happens that Santoro is better known as Madame Romano.

Six months after the end of the World Soccer Cup. Romario, who has just been bought by Rio's Flamengo soccer team, is still called the world's best soccer player.

He has also proved to be a very good and very jealous collector of sweethearts. For the mother ofRomarinho(1) and Moniquinha (4), the new career announcement should also Work as a sweet little revenge.

ezende's Lamarca ist being shown at the Istanbul Festival in March and Cue' Diegues's tVeja Estap.

Cancao is coming to ther: Washington Festival; which will take place from April 26 to May 7â&#x20AC;&#x17E;` Between March 4 and 6,i the Riofilme will bell.. strutting its stuff at thet Location Export. 95, part of Hollywood's American Film Market:Po President Fernando?h, Henrique Cardoso will"; be in Washington on April 20 and 21. There are all kinds of signs that he will be received as a most valuable player by Bill Clinton, with honors such as a parade, a stroll through the White House garden and the right to make a speech. Cardoso will begin his trip in New York, where he will visit the United Nations.

People is readying a long article on Lucia Flecha de Lima, the wife of the Brazilian ambassador in Washington. It will not be the first time de Lima has appeared in the pgtes of People. It happens every time princess Diana visits the capital and stays with the Brazilian couple. This time, however, a Lima is the cover story.

Brazilians all over the world are helping their country maintain a strong currency. It's estimated that this year Brazilians living overseas will send $3 billion to Brazil. In 1993, they sent $1.9 billion and increased this amount to 2.4 billion in 1994.

7

Nobody can wipe that smile or that laugh off a Brazilian's face. Brazil hasn't suddenly jumped from third to first world citizenshi but I at the on the s reets it sometimes seems like that's what has really happened.

Beaches are crowded, factories are buzzing, people have money, the sun is brighter. And it's no dream. It's Brazil, model 95.

RQ1241.ELESTIN.02A

Cartocas

(Rio's residents) started the new year with a bang. of bangs.

Four million of them were on the beaches that envelop the city, singing. dancing and looking at fireworks, when midnight struck and 1994 became 1995. The celebrations were so grandiose that they seem to have guaranteed the so-called marvelous town a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the promoter of the biggest New Year's festivity in the world -ever. Rio was so impressed with its own party that the city's Convention Bureau, together with several large hotels, has started a tourism campaign using pictures of the glistening celebration. "If you weren't here, you missed it, But we'll do it again tomorrow." says one of the ads with the headline: "Rio the town that throws a party every day."

The former capital of Brazil and the never-dethroned cultural and tourism capital of the country is expecting 7 million tourists by the end of the year. 200%) more than last year, a crowd who should leave close to $400 million in Rio's bank account. International music and sports stars like Luciano Pavarotti, the Rolling Stones, Rod Stewart and Magic Johnson have visited the town in the last few weeks, giving shows, often for free, to enthusiastic crowds. As has been the case since imperial times, where Cariocas go. Brazilians follow suit. The huge open-air party was just a symptom of the bigger picture, of a joyful and hopeful Brazil that has taken off in 1995 with a light heart and very good feelings.

This summer, it would seem that Brazilians, all 160 million of them (except those who opted for a foreign escapade), had found a place in the sun and reclaimed a stake of sand on the country's more than 8,000 km (5,000 miles) of beaches. With temperatures oscillating between 80° and 100°. 11 million Brazilian tourists, according to the Brazilian Association of Travel Agencies (ABAV) took to the sand this season. In Sao Paulo, for example. one in every five residents decided to spend their vacations in the beach.

It's ettimated that this influx should generate at least $2 billion for the littoral by SUMMcl'S end. Resort hotels are filled to capacity, discotheques are brimming, planes are booked till

the end of this month, and_ restaurant lines have become a common sight and hurdle in the most popular vacation spot. And the Postal Service has ben inundated by electronic toys and gadgets' imported from China and Korea for Brazilians eager to reward themselves with small trinkets. Those willing to spend their new found fortunes Overseas have increased 52% as compared to last year. The movements of native Brazilians has been so intense as to make life harder for foreign tourists trying to go to Brazil. Planes landing in Brazil now have more seats occupied by Brazilians returning home than by foreigners.

Naturally there is a flipside to all of this. In Guaruja, a Sao Paulo upscale beach town, one million people spent the first of the year without water to take a shower. Just a little to the north, in Ubatuba, trash was left uncollected because City Hall didn't have enough personnel to clean the streets. In Rio, some neighborhoods have to live without electricity when the weather heats up and everybody hits the -on" switch on the air conditioner. Add to this, congested roads, no beer at your favorite drinking spot, telephones without a line, empty shelves ib stores and supermarkets, ladk of newsprint and wrapping paper. and you begin to get the picture of exhilarating tro ical chaos. od is showing His nationality -- How can Cariocas and the rest of Brazil laugh so easily? There is no dirth of reasons. lilt's true that God has always been Brazilian, it seems now that He has become the all-benevolent father who has decided to spoil His children. The economy has never been so good, the once-feared inflation dragon seems to have his days numbered as inflation rates fall close to 50% each month to a manageable 1.5 % monthly rate. Indust ly is having a hard time meeting the demand. People who never had any money left for leisure are taking vacations they had given up dreaming of.

After decades of fighting authoritarianism and corruption in government, Brazilians have elected a sociologist as President, a man who not only has an immaculate past but also a mind that would make him an asset to any government in the world. To top it off. Brazil is the World Soccer Chain-

pion. Remember Romario, the talkative. controversy -prone hero of the World Cup? He has been bought by super-popular soccer club Flamengo and Rio's soccer championship that promised to be the snoozer of the century has gained new excitement. Now. other teams are reinforcing their ranks by hiring World Cup stars when possible. Vasco has promised to bring &boo. who formed a diabolic duo with Romario during the Cup, and Flamengo itself is tr) ing to hire world champions Dunga and Branco.

Asked by lbope, a polling firm, to compare their present lives to what was happening 10 years ago. 60% of Brazilians said that they had improved. with only 24% believing they had worsened. "Do you think things will get better or worse in 1995?" lbope's researcher asked. Sixty three percent opted for better, 6% said the same, and 13% said worse. Rctrato. a consulting firm, has also snapped very optimistic pictures of the population in different states of the union. The company converted the numbers it found into a thermometer with temperatures varying from 65° to 104". The three states in the extreme south of the country, Santa Catarina. Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, had the lowest temperatures.

Rio came in first with 104' followed

by Bahia in a distant second, with 85'.

Cariocas in particular are happy' for being able to reclaim streeti ,that' had been taken over by all kinds of banditism. Since the Armed Forces assumed control of crime prevention in Rio. taking over Jave/as that 'were being used as headquarters for the sale of drugs, residents have returned to the beaches and streets of the city.

Niemeyer's Mirante (lookout), considered too dangerous just a few weeks ago, has retaken its position as, the favorite spot for young sweethearts looking for a peaceful place to kiss and to admire Ipanema and Leblon beaches.

Since City Hall installed a new lighting system at Rio's main beaches, • the sands have been crowded day and night with sea, sun and moon bathers, cyclists (they have a model cyclovia), ball players of all kinds, and skaters. all of which can now be seen even in the wee hours of the morning, Just 'a few weeks ago very few people would dare going to the beach at night for fear of being assaulted. According to . police statistics, robbery against tourists has fallen by half since the Armed Forces took Control of the fight against

organized crime. Most of the bicheiros(bosses of the illegal numbers' game known asjogo do bicho) are in jail. ummer world capital— Rio is expecting 1.5 million tourists this summer — a season that ends later this month — 20% more than last year. Six hundred thousand will be foreigners who have started to go back to what for decades had been their favorite Brazilian destination. If the estimates of the European Union are on target, the contribution of

According to him, many of the changes are due to the psychological effect of the military presence. It seems, however, that there is much more than psychology in action here. The new statistics are in and they are encouraging. According to the Coroner's Office, the average number of murders has fallen from 18 to 11 a day, a toll no worse than in any other big city in the world. Police have also announced a 15% decrease in robberies, except for bank holdups.

Rio's summer has always set the pace for other summers in Brazil or overseas. The tanga and the fib dental (dental floss) were created there. It was no different this year.

Clothes and swimwear with big-flower prints are out. This year, Rio has decreed that bikinis have to have lacinhos (little bows),

The Carioca, who invented footvolley and beach soccer in the past, this year came up with new and innovative sports such as beach basket and kayak-polo, which are being introduced to the world during the Festival Olimpico dcrVerao (Summer Olympic Festival), a huge gathering in Copacabana beach where 22 different sport competitions are being held with 800 participants from 17 countries. The Paulista (from Sao Paulo) has also made his contribution to the world of sports by installing in Guaruja the first Brazilian court for trybol, a spicy volleyball played with three nets that form a Y, in which three

tourism to the Brazilian GNP will soon rise to 21% ($60 billion).

Sergio Nogueira, president of ABAV, is predicting, "This will be our best season since the summer of 1987." According to the president of the Association of Tourism Hotels, Alvaro Bezerra de Mello, "the Carioca spirit is more ignited than ever" and what is happening is just the beginning of a process of revival for the city.

Ruben Cesar Fernandes, the man behind Viva Rio, a movement for revitalizing the city, suggests, "The population feels that the principle of authority has been restored."

beach hats must be Australian, and the coolest arrangement for your hair is the trancinha indiana (Hindu braid) And the latest beach craze is the "banana boat," an inflatable banana that jumps hallucinatedly over the water while•being dragged by a speedy boat.

Even in the musical arena, just recently taken over by the Bahianos (from Bahia state) and their rhythms, Rio is back at the top with Brazilian flavored salsa and merengue. The rage among nightclubs is Circus, a house that on Sundays rewards its .young clients with a foam bath while they swing to the sounds of rap. The amount of foamy water thrown at the dancers is the equivalent of the liquid contained in a full olympic-size swimming pool.

players of three teams have as the ultimate goal making the ball touch the sand.

The Bahianos are also at it again. It seems the party never stops there either. Anytime, day or night, on any given day, you can see dozens, sometimes hundreds of people on the beach practicing the latest dance mania from Bahia, the lambaerotica, as the name implies, a lambada with a stronger dose of eroticism than the original one. The new addition here is the amount of mutual esfregacao (rubbing) that the dance requires. Enthusiastic about tourism's effervescence,

10

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

Paulo Gaudenzzi, Bahia's Secretary of Culture and Tourism exclaims, "This summer, Brazil is exorcising 10 years of crises." king back the o uth — The south of Brazil had become the choice spot for vacationing middle-class Argentineans. With their currency worth more than Brazilian money, Brazil's neighbors to the south had been invading Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina every summer.

This didn't help the old rivalry between the two countries, and many Brazilians had been complaining that Argentineans had inflated the prices of hotels and other amenities, leaving only the worse and cheapest accommodations for the domestic tourist. The situation has now reversed. The super real (real is the new Brazilian currency) has been 15% stronger than the dollar for some time now. So, when at end of last year 40% of the Argentinean reservations for Gaitcho and Catarinense hotels were canceled, the scare was a brief one. Soon, Brazilians themselves took all the empty rooms. Last year, 40% of hotels guests in Florianopolis (Santa Catarina capital) were Brazilian. This summer, Brazilians represent 70% of all customers.

The economists have an expression to describe the process Brazilians are going through — they are just living the rewards of the "small pleasures industry." They still don't have the money to buy that car they have been coveting for year, much less a house, but they can affordthe luxury of going to a movie, a restaurant, and the beach.

In contrast with their counterparts in other industrialized countries, the Brazilian consumers for years were more interested in low prices than in the brand or even the quality of the product. With more in their pockets, however, they are again listening to advertisers. Put in economic jargon, Brazilians are in a time of "uptrading." Coca Cola and Pepsi, for example, have recu-

rr

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

perated their share of the market, which h d eroded with the invasion of cheaper, nnname softdrink. Coca is back to 41% of the softdrink market, while Pepsi recuperat d its meager 6%. On another front, big scre n TVs have doubled their percentage in t e market to the detriment of smaller sets.

Brazil's GNP (Gross National Product) experienced a growth of almost 5% in 1993 and 1994. A survey among Brazilian execiifives by Arthur Andersen, a US consulting firm, shows that 98% are very optimistic about 1995 and confident that the GNP will increase 4.5% this year as projected by the government. Not without reason. During the 18th Sala) do Automovel (Auto Fair) at the end of 1994, there were 600 thousand visitors. Not loolcy loos, either. They snapped Up thousands and thousands of vehicles, including 7,500 imports. There were also plenty pf buyers at the 13th Bienal do Livro (Book Fair), where $66 million in books were sop — this in a country where the per capita consumption of books has been $6 a year (it's $89 in the US).

A consumerism fever — Economists 4re talking about a "new cycle of development."

Some analyst are even dusting off a \Ord that had been buried after the 70s: miracle.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are betting on the best of times. According to a joint study by both

institutions, Brazil will have a yearly 5% growth for the next five years, taking the country's GNP to $700 billion. Frigidaire and Chrysler, companies that had left the country during bad times, are returning full of plans All sectors seem to have good news. Computer companies grew 20% in 1994 and are expected to increase another 30% this year. The auto industry that celebrated a record 1994, selling 14% more cars than the previous year, should increase another 10% in 1995. TV set manufacturers are having a hard time meeting the demand, after having sold 7.5 million units in 1994, a 15% increase compared to the year before. Bicycle manufacturers sold 4.2 million units last year, surpassing the most optimistic forecasts.

Many Brazilian industries are working at almost full capacity.

Automobile, steel and paper producers, for example, are above 90% of their capacity. Less than two years ago, the average was 56%.

Lupo, the biggest sock producer in the country, had to suspend all new orders last November because they were not able to meet the demand, despite the fact that the machines were working full steam, 24 hours a day. In another show of economic vitality, today, Brazil is behind only the US and Japan in its number of franchises. More than 50,000 new ones opened from 1988 to 1993.

To keep the momentum from losing steam, Brazilian money authorities intend to keep inflation below 30% a year (remember that at the beginning of '94 it was running 40%a month. Foreigners seem to believe that this goal will be reached. According to Ernst & Young, a consulting firm, Brazil today ranks 5th place in the best nations for investment. At the beginning of the year, Brazil's embassy in Washington already had more than $20 billion in pledges for direct application to the country from American private companies.

In 1994, foreign investment in Brazil didn't exceed $2 billion. Despite the Mexican crisis, the Brazilian stock market continues to be one of the most 11

profitable in the world.

Companies in general have increased production to 79%. After a record year with 76 million tons of products, the agricultural sector promises at least a repeat performance for 1995.

Multinational companies are investing in new equipment and expansion. Among them, Ford, after ending its alliance with Volkswagen, promises to spend $2 million a day in production; Kodak, which has reserved $20 million for modernization; Sanyo, which wants to apply the same amount to buy new machinery; and French cosmetic giant L'Oreal, which plans on building its second factory in the country, at a cost of $22 million.

Does Brazil have a chance to do things right this time, after so many failed economic plans?

Yes, says Stephen Kanitz, an economics professor at USP (University of Sao Paulo), who has just released 0 Brasil que Dรก Certo, o Novo Ciclo de Crescimento (The Brazil that Makes it, a New Cycle of Development), a book about the pulsory use of the seat belt The law new accomplishments of the country. requiring drivers from Sao Paulo According to Kanitz, the situation to- use the equipment was passed onl day is very different from the eco- last year. At the end of Novembe nomic miracle of the 70's. While at 97% of the population were fasteni that time the policy was to produce for their seat belts. Compare this to t the top 10% of the population, today US. Here less than 65% complywi the main thrust of the new industrial- the law., ization are popular products.

Good news can be seen around evety comer. In 1994, Brazil eradicated polio. During that same year, Brazilians smoked 20% fewer ciga-'s* rettes than the previous year, that is, 77.5 billion units instead of 96.9 bilone I lion, or 484 cigarettes a year per capita Brazil too. The Japanese Union o compared to 605 in 1993. Despite their Scientists Engineers has placed t bad reputation in matters of law and Brazilian industry in second plac order, Brazilians have shown they can behind Japan, thanks to the quail be more civilized than the so-called revolutiOn that products made in Bra First World. An example is the com- zil have experienced In 1994, Braz 12

was the world champion in the acquisition of ISO 9000s, the quality stamp given by the International Organization for Standardization to only the best companies of any industrial sector that meet the exacting criteria of the ISO. Only four years ago the grand total of Brazilian companies with ISO 9000s was 17. At the end of 1994 this number had skyrocketed to 460. It's true that the US has 4.500 firms with the guarantee seal, and Japan, 4000. But neighboring Argentina, a closer match to Brazil's economy, has 30 times fewer of these international certificates.

In the newly founded Mercosul, the South America common market, Brazil is the locomotive, representing almost 80% of territory, population and commercial activity of the alliance uniting the country to Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. But North America also seems interested in taking part in the new Brasil of opportunities. In January, 310 Canadian authorities and executives visited the country with a special stop in Rio, where they intend to invest $350 million in mining, energy and telecommunications.

They were implementing a project called "Canada comes to Rio".

To be honest, the scenery isn't rosy all over. The chasm between they very rich and the very poor continues to widen and the statistics are frightening. While in the industrialized countries the population difference between the richest 20% and the poorest 20% is around 6%, in Brazil the discrepancy is 21 times. Almost 7 million people still live in favelas (slums), mostly around the big cities, occupying 1.6 million euphemistically termed "nonconventional residencies."

But this article is intended to show the long way Brazilians and their industries have come in the last few years. Sometimes Brazilians themselves have a hard time believing the . NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

facts. Do you know, for example, and do you believe that the second most popular imported wine in the US is made in Brazil? Marcus James, a wine from Bento Goncalves, state of Rio Grande do Sul, outsells such household names as Italian Bona and Cella and Portuguese Matheus, losing only to Italian Riunite. The feat is a marketing and ingenuity coup from Vinicola Aurora, which has tailored the product to satisfy the American taste (with low alcoholic content and a fruity flavor) and pocketbook (it costs $5).

In another show of the First World bowing to Brazil, Cointreau, the famous French liqueur, seems to have been saved from an ill fate by Brazil's lowly caipirinha (a sugarcane-liquor-based margarita). Sales of France's darling alcoholic infusion had been falling dramatically in the last few years until Cointreau's manufacturers decided to take drastic action through a multinational ad campaign that sang the virtues of "Cointreau caipirinha "(in Portuguese to boot) in which the Brazilian contribution is acknowledged.

The campaign immediately gave Cointreau back 40% of their lost imbibers.

The national pride has no limits, and it seems to extend to all fields. Right now the number one best-seller in France, the land of Pascal, Stendhal, Proust and Sartre is L'Alchimiste (The Alchemist), a book written, you guessed, by a Brazilian. The author of that particular feat is an ex-rock composer and self-proclaimed sorcerer named Paulo Coelho. The fact that Coelho - for years on Brazil's best-selling lists - has constantly been massacred by Brazilian critics fails to tarnish the luster of this triumph.

Brazil, the eighth largest world economy, is already the land of the fourth largest TV network, Globo, surpassed only by her American sisters. The country also has Veja, with its more than one million copies a week, the fifth largest new sweekly in NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

the world. Now, Fu/ha de Silo Paulo, a slick daily, has been advertising its supremacy vis-Ă -vis the United States and American newspapers. In one ad, the copy reads, "United States: 100 million more readers. A GNP 1,270 bigger and only two newspapers bigger than Folha." After an intelligent and millionaire ($6 million) marketing campaign that week after week, in sections, inserted a whole Atlas into the Sunday edition of the paper, Folha de Sao Paulo boosted its circulation to more than 1,400,000 copies. Only The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times surpass Folha in the States. The Paulista paper has now adopted the logo "The biggest newspaper in the hemisphere". â&#x20AC;˘

ME EI,J41)...E.STA F L_Ut\INSZ.,

Miguel Pa iva inJornaldoBrasil

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Letters THEY ARE MAD e, a :razi ian group in Sacramento, are writing to let you know that we are greatly disturbed by your magazine's portrayal of our country. It is very hard to break the American stereotypes of our country without you helping to perpetuate them.

We are trying to show our American friends that Brazil is a lot more than jungle apdfavela, than poverty and violence without any hope. Yet we feel' that is the exact picture you paint in your articles about our country.

We are not suggesting that these grave problems, which by the way exist here and in other countries as well, be swept under the rug, however we feel that your magazine fails to show a balanced picture of the situation in Brazil.

Your magazine's cover seldom show a picture of a happy person, or a beautiful scene. It usually shows a person with a sad face or despairing pictures.

We are dedicated to getting more signatures and more attention to the negative focus of your magazine.

Rosana Melau + 56 signatures Sacramento, Cali ornia FOR A BETTER BRAZIL ii On e•sa ot t se ntemationa Resource Institute (ICRI) Brazil Project, we would like to address the controversy generated by the January 1995 issue which covered the situation of underage girls sexually exploited in Brazil.

We agree that mainstream media tend to highlight the more notorious problems of Brazil -- and indeed of other developing countries. As an organization, however, we promote international awareness of the situation of street children and seek to identify local grassroots organizations working to provide street children with better opportunities in life.

We are encouraged by recent development in Brazil. New laws designed to protect street children and the emergence of many street children advocate groups show that Brazil is ready to counteract the attitude of denial, which allowed the situation of poor children and other marginal groups to deteriorate so far. We hope News front Brazil will continue to cover important social issues, contributing to the betterment of Brazilian society at large.

Cahts Branddo / Chuck Pfister Berkeley, California PERSONAL DISSENT We are writing in response to those men who put ads looking for young attractive women. (Open Market). Get You are invited to participate in this dialogue Write to Letters to the Publisher P 0 Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90053-0536 Please, include a phone number in the event we need to reach you. Thanks!

14

real! There are plenty of available, goodlooking young men. Why would we watit tp gitput with any of you? Money maybe?

We can make our own, thank you.

Young women are sick of being ogled by men old enough to be our fathers. We are not prizes or accessories. We want partners who look at us as more than a body. We want respect, equal partnership and unconditional love, which, obviously, you are not mature enough to give. That is why, until you all get your shit together, you won't find a good woman to share your life With.

Fortunately there are many men who, look behind the surface. Those have no shortage of women and do not have to place ads. Face it; boys, you are melt •God's gift to women Debora Jackson + Giselk Selenelip Alexandria, Virginia HERE'S GLAUBER n etters ews from ;nazi - Jan ary 1995) Joao Gianvito enquired abo\1 the way to fmd Glauber Rocha' s films and videos. One option would be to cr9 Joao Rocha M. Vienna, tel.: (021) 22 k6068, in Rio. Jodo M. Vianna Lou: Beach, Cali ornia FROM THE INTERNET •ave earne. a 'put your pus 'cation while browsing throughsoc.culture.braz on the Internet. For Brazilian expatriat or those interested in Brazil it is n always easy to obtain news about t country and your publication seems to an interesting source.

EN° J. Leonardo .

S dn Australia A FRIEND RECOMMENDED am an exc nge stus ent rom 'ono Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul) and I am attending College here in Pennsylvania.

A friend Of mine told me about you. became very interested. and I wand like to subscribe. Considering the chang that Brazil is going through it's impo tant for me to keep myself well infonne Lucia Helena R. Niero Drums Pennsylvania GOOD OMEN To ay receive a copy o your February issue. I see that I am really going to

enjoy my subscription! The magazine is very informative and entertaining, as well. Great job. Brazil: what a great country.

Joan B. Peterson .

President of Ginkgo Press Madison, Wisconsin MISSING BRAZIL rea y enjoy your magazine an would like to see Houston added to the Calendar and the "That's Brazilian".

Since moving back to Texas from the San Francisco area I have missed all the Brazilian places and events I used to go to. I'm sure the large number of Brazilians there would also appreciate it.

Kristina Shevory Austin, Texas WHAT A FINDING! am very se ig tes to ave just discovered your magazine. A friend of mine sent it for me from San Francisco.

I am a Brazilian aficionado.

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I sank you tor a year ot e'St upto-date information on events in Brazil.

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Estou muito contente corn sua revista. Estou enviando uma assinatura a um amigo americano. Como a revista é em Ingres acredito que ele vá ficar muito feliz pois gosta muito das coisas do Brasil.

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Tel: (213) 483-2217 NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

15

,.. avery short honey lew Brazilian President less < •wee 4% in the hermometer. His disastrous , r took threel': ths to rel i Bill Clinto esi v ,PYI tnavm after a two-year estructive,<-presidency.

EMERSON Despite his European charm, his captivating smile, his sociologk al studies and diplomas, his ease in talking to students and scientists all over the world, Fernando Heci riqu Cardoso, the Brazilian President, is no Mr. CongenialYitand n is fir from being a crowd-pleaser, With his cool demeanor. he leems like a Wiser version of George, Bush. He was ushered to thehtghest post in the land on the coattail'? of the Plano Real, his brainchild during his term as Finance Minist in the, previous . administration.

Thkiplan'Isworking, and thanks to it, inflation has fallen fro 40% a rklitt.kto.',1.5%. But as precipitously as inflation falls' so do the popularity of Cardoso, dropping more than 30% in less than'' days in offit'e'fihni416% to '50%), according to D,atafolha, a poll firm from newspaper Folha dO:Saa Paulo.

If he could,the President would probably erase his first month in the Palócio do Planalto. ThOtlulideraiairdlmisunderstandings started during theinaugUrationtecreinnnies on January I . Due to t. inauguratiOn's, -rfpf state 1\ ent to Brasilia. But even without the internai snalleaderstopay attention to, Cardoso, according to many ipsuests, wasn't overly courteous to governors and other ii 0711.qFklyito were present at the ceremonies.

During thed' ta ma raty (the Foreign Relation Ministry), the President staved isolated ith,;room most of the 4Me. His evasivenessr was attributed to back -paths (he has undergone acupuncture and.,massages in the past to alleviate the problem),', „is cabinet would soon get into trouble Sergio Motta, Commucations Minister, took office with an inflammatory speech, accus, g those who preceded him in the post durine :0;,:-80s of using it for their own, political advantage, All-powe4il Antoniol arlOs Magalhdes;<lormer Bahia governor; ex-Mini$ of nununicatiorts and close allY,:aVCardoso*,4felt offended. Andthe President had intervene personally to appease the parties.

That same day, Health Minister Adib Jaterte a edeialAdministration Secretary Bresser Pc reira entered inteatpubliefight overjob security for pub.:Iii9d, workers. While Per,-ira defended the end in-reserve it.ipnc,eago guaranteedgein "tiiiticiidnsiTeolfp. e9t, pJelatecileepiN.;ce g:t.ti Cardoso hattl-of.41?1,4i ona the President 001;,ltred when he gathered upieit. tlierqux,,.;:, his politicalk'd9 the pfiTrsBt time and failed ot •invite to the L meeting of the Laborite Party), PL ea ets 16

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

_

(Liberal Party) and the PP, all of them new punishment too severe for the "Neither the President nor his cabiallies. The bungle provoked immediate pro- crime." He criticized those net are circus acrobats who do piroutests. Soon afterward, a small group of sena- whom he classified-as propo- ettes, get applause, and disappear backtors — some at the end of their mandates — nents of "failuremania," the stage, concluded Cardoso. Fernando defied the President by delaying the confir- same people, acc,ording to him, Henrique, even before being inaugumation of Persia Arida, the presidential choice who characterized the red! plan rated, had asked people to be patient for the Central Bank presidency. The move as an electoral plot and now and not to expect the surprises and profoundly irritated Cardoso, who sent a stern "try to scare the country with miracle plans presented in previous response, "I don't accept pressures the same the ghost of the Mexican cri- administrations. way I don't like to apply pressure." sis." As for the minimum wage, Commenting on the President's All of this happened in the first weelc of he argued that such an increase own impatience with the population, the new administration, provoking this com- would ruin the nation's wel- newsweekly Veja wrote at the beginment from Gaticho (from Rio Grande do Sul) fare system, causing a $6-bil- ning of February, "Any politician senator Pedro Simon, "Fernando Henrique is lion hole in the budget. Trying genuinely willing to deal with the Bralucky that these incidents occurred now, be- to assuage spirits, FHC has also zilian problems will have to face uncause it will allow him to take control of the announced that Cardoso and popularity for a prolonged time. In situation." his ministers would take a vol- Fernando Henrique's case, the trouble Only two days after the release of the untary cut of 25% in their sala- is that the administration has barely Datafolha survey showing his low standing ries until the minimum wage begun and people are already doubtwith the population, Cardoso, worried about reaches the $115 level. ing his willingness to fight."

• his image, went on national television and radio to explain the two main topics at the root of his unpopularity: the planned sanction of an amnesty project for Humberto Lucena, a senator who had been impeached by the 4221 Wilshire BI. #391 - Lo Angeles, CA 90010 Supreme Electoral COurt for having illegally used the (213) 525-3300 F. (213) 525-1584 Senate's printing facilities, and the planned veto to a legislation raising the minimum wage to $115.

To complicate the situaRIO/SAO PAULO $679 tion, the president's own salASUNCION $9 9 ary and those of the members of Congress had been raised LIMA $4 5 220% to a level of $13,000 a SANTIAGO month for the President and $6 5 almost $12,000 for the legisBUENOS AIRES $6 5 lators. With the new salaries announced, it was impossible ECUADOR $4 5 to avoid a scandal. While in NEW YORK $2 8 (RT) legislators make $120,000 annually in the US, half of LONDON $3 9 this in France, and one quarPARIS $5 0 ter that amount in Switzerland, Brazilian congressmen MADRID $5 9 will be receiving $140,000, 42 times the salary of a legLISBON $10 islator in India, a country PUERTO RICO $4 9 much closer to Brazil in economic makeup than the first"CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS APPLY!" world nations cited above.

In his 11-minute address, Representing: VASP, VARIG, A ERICAN, the President told Brazilians LADECO, LAN CHILE, LA SA, that he had received hundreds AEROLINEAS ARGENTINAS, A RO PERU of letters asking him to veto the amnesty to Lucena, but AND UNITED AIRLINE that despite public sentiment he had opted to do otherwise Valley Office (818) 785-884 in order to avoid "a grave Orange County (714) 52O-535 conflict between powers — the Justice which had forbidSan Diego (619) 685-40;O den a senator from running San Francisco (415) 292-130 for reelection and the Congress which considered the

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NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

17

PT c ruary 10 a ctuals he milita rty is on a crossroad the biggest p s members ii language

ed fifteen year of Sao Bernardo p tivists, intellecnials, and Other' V (PT) now finds itself at the turnthg he former meta1vorker= o. two prcsidcnt1 e1ections Ii enlarged its Mei 6-4 Iinboth'bo se It has also, for the first ti in the governor's man Espirito Santo. But a Co contributed to the two gube splitting the party.

A construction fi a total of clos gubernatorial ca, rs (PT -- Distrito_ Espirito San 700,000 the Brasilia , a .'stem, which members 120,000 suspicion duditg the activists governor, Joaquim 2,304 local _.

Although the PT decided directorates contribution, some Br azilians är' 2 governors whether the PT has di, 54 mayors, four of which are in other political parties inôrder to state capitals In an intervie'. iih' EIio-das (Belo Zerq Alegre newspaper Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Goiania and Rio Branco) .,oute:ad" bu

18

22 vice-mayors 77 state

eefio*ayt,

assembly members 5 senators 49 members of the House of Representatives 1,400 city council members

44t0 1 f'61ildh14: *

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

e PT is a:Party where the retire after 30 years of being in the Is 'demand- not only ethical beThe chronology work force, while men should retire nt:..pitrity. Receiving money 1978 - In July Lula talks about starting a after the more usual 35 years.) tie n hsiliesses shattered the purity." workers' party. does not think that Brazil will have an onieTTactivists view the Odebre- 1979 - May 1 - Union leaders release a economic crisis of the type that Mexico s letter of principles. ffäiras a portent that their Party is is currently suffering. "Inflation can1980 - PT announces its objective: to iiLS;j*nciples. At -hest; not come back," Lula insists. "We' organize politically rural and urban workmuch harder to ers have to guarantee economic stabil0 ground, and at 1982 - Elections. Several Trotskyist and ity," 'eeome as'much a gang Marxist-Leninist groups join the PT. Lula even has some kind words Party elects 16 federal deputies, no senaas oset(has'listorieally tor. about President Fernando Henrique" no governor. ppo ere are 'viten rumors that 1989 - Presidential campaign. The en- Cardoso: "He's better than his predethe PT, emies are the multinational Finns, the cessors. His political history is better bankers and the private monopolies. Lula 'bttt an ‘litt-so'far than those of Sarney, Collor, or Itamar. nms for President and loses. in'ettibeis„wi.Fnovv have Also, he has a great intellectual foun1990 - Number of deputies jumps to 35 a niag :"tSimilar to"an ATM card,in dation. He has a long history of friendand first senator is elected. There's a prd ., 'inve'itiemberShip and ay purge of far-left groups, starting with ship spread throughout Brazil. 'sThitut Sound 'strange to US Trotskyist Causa Operaria.

He has an unprecedented opportuJoitOpolitieal party 1991 - Party abandons socialist model in nity, but he shouldn't fool hititielf favor of a market economy with social ra box on the voter control. about the succeSs of Itamar Franco;n rm s t , We 1992 - Convergencia Socialism group is nitwit for whom things turned out OK., , e-as e tUnSfeinr financial help expelled from Party.

Fernando Henrique has a big respon'`;''atir Voles( tnetnbersi,but Bishop 1994 - Radical agrarian reform is aban- sibility, because he united the country -of the univer- doned. Mentions to socialism are re- at a moment of extraordinary opportu,acedo" fircitot the Kingdom of God - duced. Lula loses presidential election. nity. He has all the trump cards in his 1995 - PT celebrates its 15th anniversary einandS'tithes from even the' amid optimism, dance and cake. Olivio hand." estimPhVe-rished faithful] has shown Dutra, former Mayor of Porto Alegre is However, Lula also has some resAire-nonsense." the most likely substitute of Lula in the ervations about Fernando Henrique. e-ifintititly, dues, however, will presidency of the party. Dutra might also "I'm afraid that he's made political e 4;414-Sliding Seale. Lula would like be party's next presidential candidate. agreements which he won't easily get 'have'rnthnbersWho earn„ up to five out of. Those agreements are going to limeStheinininituri wage (around $70) be a pebble in his shoe when he deals Slogans 04 $4'.'tt month. Those who earn betwee with the social question. I also think he teh'tunes- the minimum wage woul Land, work, and freedom. won't be able to govern like a professor, as while more affltien (1980) if Brazilian society were a lass at the Worker votes for worker. :Ao pay at least - $35 (1982) University of Sao Paulo."

Lula is suspicious of the "unnecessary Boycott the electoral college. 'an,P,ther,,break,' with tradition, the na (1984) concessions" that Cardoso made when seional erred froin ao.rters Of ., ,th e PT will be trans Against the old exploitation lecting Cabinet ministers. I-le even disap,cl_u ....4...ti,.sa h: the new republic. (1986) ,we liavei , ,Paulo to Brasilia Brasilia.Says Lula, of proves of Pele's new job, Extraordinary Lula-LA (Lula there, in e' the space the Brasilia) No fear of being Minister of Sports. "Fernando Henrique ,,,I,e,,ted congressional dehlegationband the iso happy. (1989) Cardoso has headed for the road of selling Olf with Collor! (1992) images. The choice of Pele is an echo of atia ,,47,g,t,elym:ebnyt whie sometimes acts an, Brazilians want p;10;in ii.ds !rae'se, arrangement. we're a lo Collor. Pele is a great athlete and a great presidentialism. (1993) ger thatt. that " celebrity, but his position in the governLula-LO. Revolution through defeat in the Presidential elec your vote. (1994) ment is that of a superpersonality .in a 13resiSliet . Lula (*last 'c/eteb ' hisies..1'r minidepartment. His is ti ' lient:R.eye ,.itg _his ministry is nonexistent." , The four PTs '''P' ''''' 'n-'.'''diffingthe The turn to the right '°Siiin— ''Ltila- now,, Democracia Radical - Despite its name it is the most moderate faction. in the PT may continue to f..,.-0--.-' YS4'thatt ca'nli)aig sa 'lie„' real .is It advocates the end of tenure for civil servants and a multi-party attract voters. For every ,„,.. . . . 7.,...— ,i u -, alliance to support a future Lula administration. It has six I louse disgruntled leftist who Representatives. Its major leaders are Jose Genoino, Eduardo Jorge, —$9°411i16" qeY*'' ad h Milton ' M'OPlanis'mu Temer and Luiza Enmdina. Unidade e Luta (Unity and Fight) - contemplates leaving the .'et:'e( ti.lea:-,:"thi'iti,-„,,,that," he - This is the left-of-center faction. It supports foreign debt agreements, party, at least two more the maintenance of state monopolies and tenure for civil servants. centrists are more willa;ctd1-1:-e" adVecatenas4raaigS7:::; Twenty-six of the total PT delegation of 50 in the House of Represen- ing to vote for PT canditatives are in this group. Lula, Aloizio Mercadante, Olivio Dutra and ,ttig$'1t,2etrint,,,b,:otk:asw , Jose dates, even if the voters Dirceu are its major leaders. ' ' h inijiitilli ' well show no interest in becoOpcito de Esquerda Truthful to name, it's the faction of the left.

It ' ti,raci: , '9,. preserving :re(in ase advocates the revision of privatizations that have already taken place. ming PT members. Lula the maintenance of state monopolies and the nationalization of the M nt': P—elt—..s„11°11s seems to be betting on ." 'elenteillY.:;"Ltila--helleYes' , i , p,. transportation sector. It has nine I louse Representatives. Its major this strategy. Acting as leaders are Rui Falcao, Chico Ferramenta, Luci Choinacki and Virgilio `ihat ;watitett,.,41toortigs Guimanies.

Cardoso's loyal oppoNa Luta PT sition may get the results (In Fight PT) It stands at the extreme left wing of the party. :all*,,;--e'htil.P.' ' - '$111 tg ,,,at. lie , tii.. It opposes alliances with centrist parties and favors suspending foreign which continual grum46-11111 ''''`iorkpla 'workplace, debt payments. It has seven }louse Representatives. Its major leaders are bling was unable to at' ShOnld,'be clifithe 'll(. to Lutz Eduardo Cireenhaugh, Ivan Valente, Raul Pont and Markus Sokol. tain.

NEWS from BRAZIL- MARCH 1995

19

e exican conomic fiasco seems to be a blessing to the Brazilian economy, even though it almost became a catastrophe. Brazil is relieved and â&#x20AC;˘ rateful for the har

20

That, At ,least, Brazil -is not ian Central Bank was ti message the Send to :,the kite' :inal business communi ter .the-'eruPtiO )f the exican.financiat CT181S, Since Then, the C. tral ank4bai been showing that its exchange a ils ;otary policies are primarily intended to reduc. the deficit of Brazil's trade bals not an island either.

Brazil is n. d, former Planning In the vivid ima inister, "As in slapstick. we all had OUT faces dirtied with cake :a Clinton-got a Kleenex to clean do a thorough job." To another them, but he former Minister,: lfim eto,,,Brazil got lucky this time for having NI ico taking the fall. "Brazil didn't e,,stupidity, he said. have the time to, the financial market has shaken ThP..criSiS nĂłmy in Latin merica,in Brazil, every emerging adope static market b the real plan. The "tequila hangtion in June the Sky Paulo n called, over," as it has stock exchange to srop Wand the Brazilian debt e'record lows made the Eco. bond to fall 27.70 takb'a oldser look at the real plan ,no mic Ministry, and adjust itsturr , tit hide for the following years.

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

According to Carlos Langoni, former president of higher price. the Central Bank, "Every international market will be The Mexican debacle provoked a crisis and local looking at Brazil's foreign reserves and its trade balinvestors ran to sell their stocks, causing a major chaos ance." A trade deficit is a consequence of an accelerated at the stock exchange floor. The difference between growth that causes increased imports backed by an over major stock markets in the world and the BrazilianBo/sa valued currency. In Brazil, the imports have been the is that in Brazil there is a great deal of speculative vital price anchor of the real plan and the Ministry of capital which scares away the traditional investor lookEconomy is preparing to slow down the economic growth ing for gains over a long period of time. by keeping the interest rates high, containing the deUnited States' Congress battled over loan guarantees mand. showing how hard it is for America to conduct a rescue The chaos in Mexico started when Financial Minismission on its own. A $ 50-billion US aid package — ter Jaime Serra Puche, in an attempt to contain the more than what collected after a decade of exporting — massive outflow of international capital, adopted on was offered to stabilize the Mexican currency.

December 20 a 15% increase in the fluctuation of the Part of the deal was an emergency loan of $ 7,8 peso against the dollar. In practice, the measure imbillion offered by the IMF (International Monetary posed a maxi-devaluation of the Mexican currency, the Fund) and help from other countries including Brazil first in seven years. "We want to give the Central Bank who together with Argentina, Chile and Colombia are a greater flexibility to cope with the uncertainties," pitching in with $ 1 billion, $300 million being from justified Puche.

Brazil. Brazilians weren't very happy with having to When the measure was announced all Latin Amerihelp their hermanos to the North. More than 56% of can bond debts started to fall and the same occurred with them said they were against such help. the stock markets. The American investors that bought These efforts paid off for Brazil. Investors seemed $ 70 billion worth of Mexican stocks, started to compute reassured enough to go back to the stock market, driving the losses and to cover up Rio's and Sao Paulo's up for them, withdrawbolsas with the same speed ing money from other that they had fallen. In global markets. The Brazil's stock exchange there BRA Si Lei Ro5, problem was aggratiel got4 5 are 546 companies listed, ‘i vated and the governN H05, which shows the potential of ment was not convinced the economy in a country with that a 15% devaluation vast resources and a GNP was sufficient to avoid (Growth National Product) of the outflow of capital $ 475 billion. Brazil has a The government then very strong export industry, adopted another mearegistering in 1994 a trade sure, increasing the insurplus of 1.24% of its GNP terest rate to 30% per while Mexico had a trade year. deficit of 10% of its GNP. Moreover, they anIn Argentina, the trade nounced a free exdeficit is 3.5% of its GNP change rate between the and its international reserves two currencies and the figures are around $ 13 bilpeso disastrously acculion with an economy growmulated a 32% fall in ing steadily at 5% per year. three days. There was Mexico's foreign reserves no turning point for after the crisis dropped to Mexico's economy below $8 billion level while which has lost over $ 10 Brazil's reserves are over $41 C hico from Folha de Sao Paulo billion in foreign rebillion. serves, more than half There are people who beof its total, trying to ...AND WE BRAZILIANS, LIKE GOOD NEIGHBORS, HAVE lieve that the Mexican crisis avoid an increasing DECIDED... will benefit Brazil in the long trade deficit. Mr. Puche, ...TO PASS OUR HAT TO HELP MEXICO? run with an increasing influx used as an escape goat of foreign capital looking for for Mexico's financial a strong developing market. collapse, ended up loosing his government position.

President Fernando Henrique Cardoso has no fear of Although Mexico and Brazil are emerging nations, the Mexican scenario been repeated in his country. no one is comparing the two markets. Brazilian stock "There is not a chance that the situation in Mexico can exchange valuation was 80% in 1994 with a collective be reproduced in Brazil," he declared. patrimony of $ 189 billion, making it the largest Latin However; his Economic Minister, Pedro Malan, isn't American stock market. An important factor in Brazil's that adamant. "If we don't want Brazil to experience stock exchange fall was the domestic investor. Brazilian something like Mexico and assure stability," he said, investors, betting on the massive influx of foreign capi"the government will have to adopt measures to keep the tal after the presidential election of Fernando Henrique interest rate high, widen or end the range of the real Cardoso, filled their portfolios with stocks that they value against the dollar, and keep the economic growth intended to sell later to international investors at a much reduced."

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

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REVIEW

Excerpt

Rio's secret The most famous US gossip columnist of all time becam a special envoy to Brazil during World War II. His missio to find out where Brazil was heading and to make sure they would follow the US lead.

Winchell - Gos.vip, Power and the Culture of Celebrity

by Neal Gabler. Alfred A. Knopf. $30 pp.

HARRIET ROBBINS

In Winchell - Gossip, Power and the Culture of Celebrity, Neal Gabler makes a perceptive and thorough study of the man who was called the "Bard of Broadway" in his early years. Walter Winchell was a household name in the US for three decades. During his heyday, 2000 newspapers published his syndicated column. He boasted 50 million listeners after adapting his newspaper format to a Sunday night radio-program in 1932. His impact on society during a period of dynamic social change was immense. His gossip column, which initially dealt only with entertainment, grew to include political personalities.

Of special appeal to those interested in Brazil is Walter Winchell's little-known visit to Rio, Sao Paulo, and Recife (state of Pernambuco) during the early years of World War II. His assignment was to visit Brazil on a fact-finding mission for the State and Navy departments, mainly to find out what Brazilians thought of Americans. On orders from Vice Admiral Jonas H. Ingram, the commander of the allied forces in the South Atlantic, Walter began his journey through Brazil, crisscrossing the country, talking to authorities and ordinary citizens.

GOSSIP POWER AND THE There were reports that the first people he met ULTURE OF CELIBRITY were American, former chorus girls who had married wealthy Brazilians. In Sao Paulo, he spoke to EAL GAB[.ER factory workers about the war effort and expressed his political views on the new fifty-thousand-watt government-owned radio station. Winchell had to counter Nazi broadcasts coming from Spain, propaganda aimed at separating Brazil from the US. During a salute to his Brazilian host at a press conference in Rio de Janeiro, Winchell pronounced the now famous toast: "Never above you, never beneath you, always beside you." These words, thought at the time to be an original statement, were actually from an old movie dialogue. Nevertheless, the statement was widely quoted and became a symbol of Brazilian-American good relations. His mission accomplished, Walter Winchell, just before leaving Brazil, declared, "I daily bless the moment in which I was chosen to carry out the mission confided to me by the naval authorities of my country."

GOING TO BRAZIL? %.

115 REMEMBER THIS NUMBER Rio Doms Nye/ NCIS

"How'd you like to go on a killer group?" ViceAdmiral Ingram asked Walter when the columnist returned to Recife after his tour, meaning a mission to hunt German submarines.

Walter was too frightened to say no. On January 5, 1943, he boarded a PBY naval patrol plane flying reconnaissance over the South Atlantic. "Some men are more fortunate than others.

Some men are richer than others. Some men stay in love longer than most," Walter wrote in his column after he returned from duty, "and most men never experience the wallop that goes with being at the bow-gun of a Navy patrol plane (a PBY) a few feet over the submarincinfestat South Atlantic."

Walter had been asked to sit in the co-pilot's seat, wearing headphones and sunglasses, and watch the Atlantic "as tame as any Florida lake." Then, about a hundred miles from the plane's destination, the PBY, was .ordered back.

Enemy submarines had been sighted and a new squadron of PBY's was sent for the attack. As they winged back to the field, some crewmen asked Walter if he wanted to slither into the ship's belly and man the gun, and being an officer he felt he couldn't refuse. -When the damn Isle] miniature cannon rata-tatted at a 'million miles per hour,' it shook me from skull to toes. I felt that the crew were in stitches."

BRA

1400-2 PA

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NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995 23

Green sign for grass The idea of decriminalizing drugs in Brazil is not new.

The big novelty this time is that the person willing to discuss this proposal is the Justice Minister himself. More than 75% of Brazilians, however, are against.

CARLOS RAVELO

In Brazil, it seems, drugs were never so plentiful and so readily available. Marijuana, for example, is commonly bought and passed from hand to hand from the beaches in Guarda do Emban (Santa Catarina) in the South, to Porto Seguro (Bahia) in the North, passing by Maresias, in Sao Paulo, and Ipanema. In Rio, it is as easy to get a baseado (a marijuana cigarette) on the beach, as it is to buy a sandwich, and maybe from the same person. Students, professors, bus boys and lifeguards might join the circle, and smoke the so-called cachimbo da paz (peace pipe). The police even when see something going on prefer to ignore it. At least once a week, five million Brazilians consume cocaine, crack or man24

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

juana.

Brazil seems ready to find alternative ways to deal with the drug problem since pure repression isn't working. A movement is under way within the social, political and intellectual elite to try and decriminalize the use of marijuana. In a country in which the Army has militarized most of the favelas in Rio, where the Amazon serves as a stepping stone for flights laden with tons of cocaine exported to Europe and the US, and where the sale, transfer, and production of illegal narcotics nurture and provide profits for enough people to fill a sizable city, such a proposition

seems to be a bold one, to say the least.

The war on drugs, heralded first and foremost by President Bush, and kept up

by Clinton, has been lost, this in the country where the founders of the nation George Washington and Thomas Jefferson cultivated marijuana in their farms. The problem is that only the US refuses to admit this. In a country where over 70% of all criminal arrests are drug related, and where law enforcement officials and corrections officers are fighting NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

to keep their jobs by opposing decriminalization of drugs, such a proposal would probably hit a brick wall. But US pressure upon countries such as Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil has always been strong.

The DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) has carried out joint ventures to repress the production and transport of drugs, most notably in Colombia and Peru. But questions of sovereignty and national pride forced Colombia to decriminalize, and now it seems to be Brazil's turn as well. Says Gary Becker, Nobel Prize laureate in economics in 1992, "The war on drugs has failed; legalization must be considered as the solution." Becker feels that decriminalizing drugs seems to be the most pragmatic solution to the problem.

Former President Ronald Reagan vehemently opposed decriminalization. In fact, even the idea is an apostasy to Republicans in general. Although most major nations have entered into international agreements

relating to the trafficking of narcotics, many have taken a more tolerant view as to personal consumption. For example, Holland allows small amounts for personal use; only illegal trafficking is actually suppressed. In Switzerland, certain "drug havens" (mostly in public parks) are allowed, and exchange of needles is actively promoted. Spain allows personal use as well, mainly at home or licensed locals.

And lately, Colombia's Supreme Court decriminalized the use of coke, hashish and marijuana, effectively copping out on the war on drugs American style. Colombia's sudden change in course â&#x20AC;&#x201D; after years of fruitless struggle against the drug lords â&#x20AC;&#x201D; was due in most part to a pressing campaign in the media by Colombian Nobel laureate

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, whose opinions carry weight not only in Colombia itself, but in the whole South American continent, Central America, Mexico and beyond.

Likewise PeruviarTwriter and ex-presidential candidate Mario Vargas Llosa also backs decriminalization. On the other end of the spectrum, the US has a mixed bag of anti-drug laws. Federal statutes are severe in another 38 States, while more moderate on 12. However, the laws are never as lax as in Europe.

Currently, Brazil is covered under Law Number 6368, passed in 1976. Drug users can get from six months up to two years in jail for simple possession, while pushers can get prison sentences'from three to 15 years.

But the severest punishments are meted out in Turkey, Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia. The best scenario in some of these countries can put you in jail for life; the worst would bring... death.

Jobim speaks out â&#x20AC;&#x201D; President Fernando Henrique Cardoso has admitted to having smoked (and swallowed) marijuana when a student and is in favor of the decriminalization of the socalled light drugs. But, Nelson Jobim, Brazil's new Minister of Justice, will be in charge of opening the discussion on the matter. Jobim indicated just prior to being sworn in that he backed decriminalization. He proposed a different type of procedure to deal with drug users and drug pushers. "Users have to be treated, not jailed," states Jobim. This newly proposed official policy has actually been in existence, unofficially, for the longest of time.

Jobim's proposal towards 25

session, to just a minimum of three months to one an open discussion on this year. However, it would increase sentences for matter is almost a 180 demajor dealers to over thirty years in prison. He gree turn on the subject, in also would add an intermediate sentencing struccomparison to previous govture for "middle-men" — those who buy wholeernments, according to joursale and supply resalers — of two to eight years in nalist-turned-congressman prison.

Community service, much used here in the Fernando Gabeira, who repUS, would also become mandatory. resents the Partido Verde Legalization, argue some, also might bring in (Green Party) of Rio de another social problem: overcrowded medical faJaneiro. He is favor of the cilities, due to an increase of addicts.

According to measure, but warns, "We psychiatrist Sergio de Paula Ramos, legalization also must also discuss the would bring about an increase in consumption of issue of prevention, what drugs, since it would retype of recovery to exmove whatever minimal pect from users, whether amount of social presthere will be legalizaJustice Minister sure there exists to curb tion or just suppressing Jobim indicated its use. trafficking, but allowOn the other hand, ing consumption." that he backed Luis Paulo Paim dos Gabeira is studying decriminalization Santos, a toxicologist, a bill submitted by Depoints out that a positive of light drugs puty (Congressman) aspect to this legalizaEduardo Jorge (PT — such as tion would be the elimiLabor Party) from Sao marijuana. He nation of the semi-clanPaulo, relating to predestine world where the vention and improper proposed a drug addict lives today. use of narcotics. Said different type of "The better you know bill would repeal article what reality is, the easier procedure to #16 of Law 6368, which it is to change it," Ramos imposes punishment for deal with drug maintains. simple use and possesusers and drug And now what?— sion. One section punRenowned Peruvian auishes foreigners with the pushers. "Users thor Vargas Llosa beloss of their residency have to be lieves to have an answer papers if convicted for to the problem of drugs: treated, not possession of illegal "The solution must be drugs. Gabeira is fully jailed," he says. that both, drug-exportconvinced that the exing as well as drug-imperiences derived from porting countries should legalize light drugs. The countries such as Holland are majority of those resources currently employed in sufficient evidence that lerepressing them, could be used, in part, in an galization does not neceseducational policy, for example, such as is cursarily imply an increase in rently used to combat marijuana. The rest of those consumption. resources would be utilized in eradicating "heavy" However, there are opdrugs."

In other words, Vargas Llosa deems that ponents. Deputy Elias Murad current resources are being improperly used.

(PSDB — Party of the BraGabriel Garcia Marquez, on the other hand, zilian Social Democracy) basically believes that current methods have failed. from Minas Gerais is one of "The first step towards a realistic solution to the them. "The logic is that such drug problem is to recognize the failure of those a law does increase consumpmethods employed to try to eradicate the probtion," he argues. "And if lem," says the author of One Hundred Years of there is an increase in deSolitude. "These same methods are to blame — mand, there will also be an more than drugs — for the complications and other increase in supply," he adds. major mishaps suffered by importing, as well as Murad's proposal — stalled exporting countries." in Congress for over two Brazilians have been listening to all these years now — would reduce voices.

What is the proper strategy for the war on jail time from the current six drugs?

No one in the country seems to know; months to two years for pos26

mainly because only one approach — repression — has been used on a large scale up until now. And it has not worked. Due in part to this, and in part to the social and political clout of many who propose an alternative, those who promote decriminalization now have the word. They divide the problem into two separate parts.

One deals with the health hazards to drug users and society; the other with drugs and criminality. According to them, backers of the "repressive theory" have failed in both aspects. Legalization, they say, will at least solve one of the problems.

But behind all of these issues there looms a greater one as well. Economics. The drug market is probably the world's biggest business. It is estimated that it hovers around $500 billion a month, but many people believe this to be a conservative sum.

From the plantation to the street, coke prices increase more than 200 times. Nothing else in the world has that type of profit margin, not even rare diamonds. And part of the profits are for risks taken by the cartels. Unable to suppress drugs completely, partial repression only serves to increase street prices artificially. Furthermore, it incites many to run a risk to get rich quick no matter what the consequences.

Sitting on top of these huge profits, drug cartels can buy judges, hit men, politicians, the best weapons and electronic equipment and have an endless supply of men and women willing to replace those who have gone to the wayside in the war.

That's what happened in Rio, where war tanks have been pointing to the favelas (slums) the main focuses of the problem.

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

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Ihe department chief had left for the day.

Ihe next° day, after making him wait for nore n half an hour, the c hi ef told4 him hat he ou d write a letter explaining the acts aid including the money. outinsist.,,so much on returning sc3lutely.

praise your Ou'- 'fiena'on that window told m e that to do was to give it to y he sighed.

Who said t h at?

A man wearing glassetion that. u,r , rn ent across the Account •ei able, it seems ratijo. He said h asn't he?Listen: go back there arid4 11 himt.to'stop get ting on my nerves. Yo u an tell that sai g * d that. Alaujo...Alwa s giving himself Of knowing it ."

-

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

Ao receber certa quantia num guiche do Ministerio. verificou que o funcionario the havia dado cem cruzeiros a mais. Quis voltar para devolver. mas outras pessoas protestaram: cntrasse na fila.

Esperou pacientemente a VeZ, para que o funcionario the fechasse na cara a janelinha dc vidro: — Tenham paciencia, mas esta na hora do mcu café.

Agora era uma quest() de teimosia. Voltou (aide. para encontrar fila maior — nao conseguiu sequel aproximar-se do guiche antes de encerrar-se o expediente.

No dia seguinte era o primeiro da fila: — Olha aqui: o senhor ontem me deu cem cruzeiros a mais.

— Eu? SO cilia° reparou que o funcionario era outro.

— Seu colega. entao. Urn de bigodinho.

— 0 Mafra.

— Sc o nome dele é Mafra, no sei dizer.

— SO pode ter sido o Mafra. Aqui so trabalhamos cu e o Mafra. Nao fui cu. Logo...

Ele cocou a cabeca. aborrecido: — Esta bem, foi o Mafra. E dal?

0 funcionario lhe explicou corn toda urbanidade que nao podia responder pela distracao de Mafra: — Isto aqui é uma pagadoria, men chapa. Nao posso receber, soposso pagar. Receber, s6 na recebedoria. 0 proximo!

0 proximo da fila. ja impaciente. empurrou-o corn o cotovelo: Amar o proximo como a ti mesmo!

Procurou conter-se e se afastou, indcciso Nuns subito impulso de indignacao — agora iria ate o fim —dirigiu-se a reccbedoria.

— Mafra? Nao trabalha aqui, meu amigo, nem nunca trabalhou.

— Eu sei. Etc C da pagadoria. Mas foi quern me deu os cem cruzeiros a mais.

Informaram-lhe que nao podiam receber: tratavase de uma devolucao, nao era isso mesmo? e nao de pagamento. Tinha trazido a guia? Pois entao? Onde ja se viu pagamento sem guia? Receber mil cruzeiros a troco de quo?

— Mil nao: cem. A troco de devolucao.

— Troco de devolucao. Entenda-se.

— Pois devolvo e acabou-se.

— SO coin o chefe. 0 proximo!

0 chefe da secao ja tinha saido: so no dia seguinte. No dia seguinte, depois de faze-lo esperar mais de meia hora. o elide informou-lhe que deveria redigir um oficio historiando o fato e devolvendo o di nhe i ro. que o senhor faz tanta questa() de devolver.

— Questao absoluta.

— Louvo o seu escriipulo.

— Mas o nosso amigo all do guiche disse que era s6 entregar ao senhor — suspirou etc.

— Quern disse isso?

— Urn homem de Oculos naquela secao do lado de la. Recebedoria, parece.

— 0 Araujo. Etc disse isso. Pois olhe: volte la c diga-lhe para deixar de ser besta. Pode dizer que fui eu que falei. 0 Araajo sempre se metendo a entendido!

— Mas e o oficio? Nao tenho nada corn essa briga, vamos fazer logo o oficio.

— Impossivel: tern de dar entrada no protocolo.

Saindo dali, em vez de ir ao protocolo. ou ao 29

Aratijo para dizer-lhe que dcixasse de set besta. o honest° cidadab dirigiu-se ao guiche onde reccbera o dinheiro, fez da nota de cern cruzeiros uma bolinha. atirou-a là dcntro pot cima do vidro c foi-sc cmbora.

From I Companheiro de livens. Original title: Cem Cruzeiros a Mais.

NAKED LADY Eu estava num centro comcrcial de Copacabana e era sabado, pouco depois de mcio-dia. As tantas comecei a ouvir uma martelacao dc ensurdecer. 0 dono de uma lojinha de sapatos para senhora chegou-se a porta c me interpelou. assustado: — Que sera isso'?

E saiu pelo corrcdor a investigar. Caminhavamos na mcsma direcao e logo dcscobrimos que o ruido vinha dc uma sala fechada, um curso de ginastica.

Batiam dcsesperadamente na porta, la dentro — coin um halteres, no minimo.

—Quc estd acontecendo?

— o sapatciro gritou do lado de ca.

Ulna VOZ chorosa de mulher explicou que a porta estava trancada. cla nil° podia sair.

— Quede a chave? — berrou o homem.

— 0 professor levon — respondeu a voz.

— Que professor?

— 0 professor de ginastica.

— Espera. que eu vou chamar o zclador — arrematou o homem. solicito. E se voltou para mim: —0 senhor podia fazer o favor de procurar o zelador para soltar a mulher? Nao posso abandonar minha loja sem ninguem.

Assiut, cle ia tirar a castanha corn a mao do gato.

Nao tive outro jeito sena° sair a procura do zelador.

Encontrei-o a porta do predio chupando uma tangedna. Era um pau-de-arara dclicado e solicito. mas infclizmente nao podia fazer nada: nao tinha a chave da sala.

Voltei ao corredor, vencendo a tentacao de cair fora de uma NW- dcixar que a muiher se arranjasse. A 30

batecao recomecara, eta parccia disposta a botar a porta abaixo: — Abrc essa porta! Pelo amor de Deus!

— Calma, minha senhora — berrei do lado de ca: — Vamos ver se a gente dá um jeito.

No corredor ia-se juntando gente, c 'arias sugestOes cram avcntadas: abrir um buraco na parede, chamar o Corpo de Bombeiros, retini-la pela jancla.

—;Deve ser uma mulhcr forte pra chuchu. se fosse ela aproveitava e quebrava tudo la della°.

Pensei cm transferir a alguem mais a tarefa que o sapateiro me confiara. nao encontrei ningudm que parecesse disposto a aceitara responsabilidade: todos se limitavain a fazer comentdrios jocosos, estavam d se divertindo corn o incidente De snbito me ocorreu perguntar A mulher o nnmero do telefone do Professor. Foi um custo faze-la cantar de IA a resposta, algarismo por algarismo. Sal para a ma A procura de um telefone — tiVC de andar um quarteirao inteiro ate ulna farnidcia, onde fiquei aguardando na fila. Chegou afinal a minha vez.

Atendeu-me tuna voz de crianca — certamente filha do professor. Que ainda nào havia chegado em casa, pelo que pudc entender: — Escuta, meu benzinho, diga para o papal que tern uma mulher trancada na sala Id do curso estd me entendendo?

Repete comigo: uma mulher trancada...

Nao havendo mais nada a fazer, resolvi tomar o caminho de casa — mas a curiosidade me arrastou mais uma vez ate o centro comercial, para uma nitima olhada sem compromisso.

0 interesse conquistava todo o andar, espalhava-se aos demais, ganhava a ma: gcnte se acotovelava diante do predio, agora era uma multidao de verdade que acompanhava os acontecimentos.

— Por que nao arrombam a porta de uma vez?

—0 que e que a mulher esta fazendo la dentro?

— Dizem que ela esta nua.

A palavra magica correu logo entre a multidao: nua, uma mulher nua! e cada vez juntava mais gente, ameacando interromper o trafego: — Mulher nua. Mulher nua! — gritavam os moleques.

Dois soldados da policia militar passaram correndo, cassetete cm riste, sem saber para onde se dirigir. A multidao se abriu, precavidamente.

Urn homem de ar decidido pcdia licenca e ia entrando pelo centro comercial a dentro, como quem vai resolver o problema. Devia ser algum comissario de policia.

Era o professor, que comparecia corn a chave, nao sei se merce do meu recado. Em pouco a porta do curso de gindstica se abriu e a mulher saiu, ressabiada —completamente vestida. Era baixinha e meio gorda, cstava mesmo precisando de gindstica.

From Quadrunte. Original title: A Mulher Vestida.

MARIA, OPEN TI-IE DOOR! Ao acordar, disse para a mulher: — Escuta, minha filha: hoje C dia de pagar a prestagao da televisao, vem al o sujeito com a conta, na certa. Mas acontece que ontem eu nao trouxe dinheiro da cidade, estou a ncnhum.

— Explique isso ao homem — ponderou a

mulher.

— NA° gosto dcssas coisas. DA urn ar de vigarice. gosto de cumprir rtgorosamente as minhas obrigagoes. Escuta: quando die vier a gente fica quiet° aqui dam). nào faz barulho, para etc pcnsar quc Mio tern Deixa dc bater ate cansar — amanita eu pago.

Pouco depois. tend° despido o pijama. dirigiu-se ao banhciro para tomar um banho. mas a mulher ja Sc trancara là denim. Enquanto esperava. resolveu fazer um café . P6s a Agua a fcrver abriu a porta de serNigo para apanharo pao. Como cstivesse complctamente nu. °thou corn cautcla para urn lado e para outro antes de arriscarse a dar dois passos ate o embrulhinho deixado pelo padciro sobre o mannore do parapeito. Ainda era muito cedo. nao podcria apareccr ninguem. Mal scus dedos. porem. tocavam o par). a porta alias de si fechou-se corn estrondo, impulsionada pelo vento.

Aterrorizado, precipitouse ate a campainha e, depois de toca-la, ficou a cspera. olhando ansiosamente ao redor. Ouviu Id dentro o ruido da agua do chuveiro interromper-se de sirbito. mas ninguéni veio abrir. Na certa a mulhcr pensava que já era o sujeito da televisao. Bateu corn o no dos &dos: — Maria! Abre al. Maria.

Sou eu — chamou, em voz baixa.

Quanto mais batia, mais silencio fazia là dentro.

Enquanto isso, ouviu la embaixo a porta do elevador fechar-se. viu o ponteiro subir lentamente os andares... Desta vez, era o homem da televisao!

Nao era. Refugiado no tango de escada entre os andares, esperou que o clevador passasse. e voltou para a porta de scu apartamento, sempre a segurar nas maos nervosas o embrulho de pan: — Maria. pot favor! Sou eu!

Dcsta vez nao teve tempo de insistir: ouviu passos na escada, lentos. regulares, vindos Id de baixo... Tornado de panic°, olhou ao redor, fazendo uma pirueta. e assim despido, embrulho na mao, parecia executar urn ballet grotesco c mal-cnsaiado. Os passos na escada se aproxiNEWS Horn BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

mavam, e de sem onde se esconder. Corrcu para o elevador. apertou o botao.

Foi o tempo de abrir a porta e entrar, e a emprcgada passava, vagarosa, encetando a subida de mats urn lanco de escada. Etc respirou aliviado, enxugando o suor da testa corn o embrulho do pao. Mas cis que a porta mterna do elevador se fecha e ele comeca a descer.

— Ah. isso a que nao! — fez o homem nu. sobrcssaltado.

E agora? Alguem Ia embaixo abriria a porta do elevador c daria corn etc ali, em pelo. podia mesmo ser algum vizinho conhecido...

Percebeu. desorientado. que estava sendo levado cada vez para mais longe de seu apartamento, comecava a vrver um verdadciro pesadelo de Kafka, instaurava-se naquele mo me nto o mais autentico e desvairado Regime do Terror!

— Isso é que nao — repetiu, furioso.

Agarrou-se a porta do elevador c abriu-a corn forea entre os andares, obrigandoo a parar. Respirou fund°, fechando os olhos, para ter a momenta flea Husk) de que sonhava. Depois experimentou apertar o botao do scu andar. La embaixo continuavam a chamar o elevador.

Antes de mais nada: -Emergencia: parar." Muito bem.

E agora? Iria subir ou descer?

Coin cautela desligou a parada de emergencia, largou a porta. enquanto insistia em fazer o clevador subir. 0 elevador subiu.

— Maria! Abre esta porta! — gritava, dcsta vez esmurrando a pona, já sem nenhuma cautela. Ouviu que outra porta se abria atras de si. Voltou-se, acuado. apoiando o traseiro no batente, e tentando inutilmente cobrirse corn o embrulho de pao.

Era a velha do apartamento vizinho: — Born dia. minha sendisse ele, confuso. hora — Imagine que cu...

A velha. estarrecida, atirou os bracos para cima, soltou um grito: — Valha-me Deus! 0 padeiro csta nu!

E correu ao telefone para chamar a radiopatrulha: — Tern um homem pelado aqui na porta!

Outros vizinhos, ouvindo a gritaria. vieram N,er o que se c a ssava: NEWS from BRAZIL- MARCH 1995

— E um tarado!

— Olha, que horror!

— Nao olha nao! Já pra dentro, minha filha!

Maria, a esposa do infeliz, abriu finalmente a porta para vcr o que era. Etc entrou como um foguete e vestiu-se precipitadamente. scm nem se lembrar do banho. Poucos minutos dcpois. restabelecida a calma la fora, bateram na porta.

— DCVC ser a policia — disse dc, ainda ofegante, indo abrir.

Ni10 era: era o cobrador da televisao.

From 0 Homem Nu. Original title: 0 Homem Nu.

NQ-IGI-IBOR'S WIFE Na ma onde mora (ou morava) um conhecido e antipatico General do nosso Exercito, morava ( ou mora) tambem urn sueco cujos filhos passavam o dia jogando futebol corn bola de meia.

Ora, as vezes acontecia cair a bola no carro do General c um dia o General acabou perdendo a paciencia, pediu ao delegado do bairro para dar um jeito nos filhos do vizinho.

0 delegado resolveu passar uma chamada no homem e intimou-o a comparecer a delegacia.

0 sueco era timido, meio descuidado no vestir e pelo aspecto nao parecia ser um importante industrial, dono de grande fabrica de papel (ou coisa parecida), que realmente dc o era.

Obedecendo a intimacao recebida, comparecen em companhia da mulher a delegacia e ouviu calado tudo o que o delegado tinha a the dint 0 delegado tinha a the dizer o seguinte: — 0 senhor pensa que s6 porque o deixaram morar neste pals pode logo ir fazendo o que quer?

Nunca ouviu falar num troco chamado autoridades constituidas? Nao sabe que tern de conhecer as leis do pais? Nao sabe que existe uma coisa chamada Exercito Brasileiro, que o senhor tern de respeitar?

Que neekcio d esse? Entao é it chegando assim sem mars nem menos e fazendo o que bem entcnde, como se isso aqui fosse a casa da sogra? Eu ensino o senhor a cumprir a lei, ali no duro: -dura lex"!

Seus filhos sao uns molcques e outra vez que eu souber que andaram incomodando o General, vai tudo em cana. Morou? Sei como tratar gringos feito o senhor.

Tudo isso corn voz pausada, reclinado para tras, sob o olhar de aprovacao do escrivao a um canto. 0 vizinho do General pediu, corn delicadeza. licenca para se retirar. Foi entao que a mulhcr do vizinho do General interveio: — Era tudo que o senhor tinha a dizer a meu marido?

0 delegado apenas olhou-a. espantado corn o atrevimento.

— Pois entao fique sabendo que en lambent sei tratar tipos como o senhor. Men marido gringo nem meus filhos sao moleques. Se por acaso importunaram o General, de que viesse falar comigo, pois o senhor tambem esta nos importunando. E fique sabendo que sou brasilcira, sou prima de um Major do Exercito, sobnnha de urn Coronel, e filha de um General! Morou?

Estarrecido, o delegado so teve forca para engolir em seco e balbuciar humildemente: — Da ativa, minha senhora?

E. ante a confirmacao, voltou-se para o escrivao, erguendo os bracos, desalentado: — Da ativa, Motinha. Sai dessa.

From A 21Iulher do lizinho. Original title: A Mulher do Vizinho.

A I-RANDOM ACT OP KI DNQSS Tomo um taxi c mando tocar para o hospital do IPASE. Von visitar um amigo que foi operado. 0 motorista volta-sc para — 0 senhor nao esta doentc e agora nao é hora de Por acaso e medico?

Ultimamente ando sentindo um negocio csquisito aqui no lombo...

— Nao sou medico.

Etc deu uma risadinha: — On nao quer dar uma consulta de graca, hein, doutor? E isso mesmo. deixa pra la. Para dizer a vcrdade, nao tern cara de medico. Vai doar sangue?

— tem. cu?

— 0 senhor mesmo. quern havia de ser? Nao tern mais ninguem aqui.

— Tenho cara de quern vai doar sangue?

— Para doar sangue nao prccisa ter cara, basta ter sangue. 0 senhor veja o meu caso, por exemplo. Sempre tive vontadc de doar salogue.

E doar mesmo de graca, aui no duro. Deus me livre de vender meu proprio sangue: nao paguci nada por de.

Escuta aqui uma coisa. quer saber o que mais? Vou doar meu sangue e C já.

Deteve o taxi a porta do hospital, saltou ao mesmo tempo que cu, foi cntrando: — E e já. Esse negOcio tern de ser assim: a genie sente vontade de fazer uma coisa, pois entao faz e acabou-se. Antes que seja tarde: acabo desperdicando esse sangue men por ai, cm algum desastre. Ou entao morro e ninguem aproveita.

Ja imaginou quanto sangue desperdicado por al nos que morrem?

— E nos que não morrem — limitei-me a acrescentar.

— Isso mesmo. E nos que nao morrem! Esta cu gostei.

Esta se vendo que o senhor mop distinto. Olhe aqui uma coisa. nao prccisa pagar a co rrida.

Dcixei-me ficar, perplexo, na portaria ( e dc tinha razao. nao era hora de visitas) enquanto uma senhora reclamava seus servicos: — Mcu marido esta saindo do haspital. nao pode andar direito...

31

— Que é que tem seu marido, minha senhora'?

— Quebrou a perna.

— Entao como 6 quc a senhora queria que cle andasse dire ito?

— Eu nab queria. Isto 6, queria... Por isso é que estou dizendo — confundiu-sc a mulher: — 0 scu taxi nao csta livre?

— 0 taxi esta livre. en ë que nao estou. A senhora vai me dcsculpar, was von doar szinguc. On hole ou nunca — c gritou para um enferniciro quc ia passando c que new o ouviu: — Voce ai, ô branquinho. onde é quc se doa sangue?

Procurci intervir: — Atenda a freguesa 0 marido dela... sci: quebrou a perna e nab pode andar direito.

— TeVe alta hoje — acudiu a mulher. pressentindo simpatia.

— Nao custa nada — insisti: —Ele precisa dc taxi.

A esta hora...

— Et' queria doar sanguc — vacilou — A gente nao podc nein fazer uma caridade. poxa!

— Deixa de fazer uma e faz outra, dá na mcsma.

Pcnsou urn pouco, acabou co nco rda ndo : — Esta bent Mas entao fag() o sen. ico completo: vai de graca. Vamos embora.

Cade o capenga?

Afastou-se coma mulher, e em pouco passava dc novo por mim. ajudando-a a amparar o marido. que se arrastava. capengando.

— Vamos. velhinho: te agiienta ai. Cada uma!

Ainda accnou para mirn de longe. se despedindo.

From A Mother do lizinho.

Original title: Um Doadar Universal

DADDY IS BACK Já no inc lembro se foi lido. inventado. escrito por mini mesmo ou contado por alguem. 0 ccno é que dc. ao dobrar uma esquina, esbarrou corn um velho amigo, a quern nao 'ia desde os tempos de mocidade.

— Mas voce!

— Nao me diga.

—Quanto tempo. senlion Antes que dessem por terminada a efusao do 32

encontro, outro amigo daquele tempo saltou de um onibus exatamente diante delcs. Era muita coincidencia. Passado o primeiro instante de perplexidade, yicram os abracos, as indagacOes, a satisfacao de riso Lica, as lembrancas misturadaS de antiga convivencia.

— Mas, positivamente, esta pedindo uma celeb raga°.

E. os ties, confratcrnizados na alcgria do encontro. se encaminharam imediatamente para urn bar.

Os outros dois trocavam confidencias. Ele se deixou ficar meio a margem. renoyando freqiientemente o copo. e sorrindo a lembranca de outro tempo. quc the voltava agora, vagamente melancolica. Quis partir. mas instaram corn etc que ficasse: — Espere ai, ainda nem comecamos. Temos muito que conversar.

— A noite d uma erianca, mat acabada de nascer.

— Hojc d dia de enchermos a alma ate o rabo. como antigamente.

— Vamos em frente! Ou voce ja deixou que a mulher the pusesse o cabresto?

Acabou ficando, e entraram pela noite. passando de um a outro bar. Limitou-se a acompanha-los, bcbendo sempre, no inicio pouco a vontade. come um intruso a hivadir terntorio que já nao Hie pertencia.

A horas tantas. quando a conversa de fim de noite já se arrastava. pos-se a dormir, derreado na cadeira. Chegara a hora da retirada e no houye forca humana que o fizesse suster-se sobre as pernas. Os outros dois, um pouco melhorzinhos, Sc entreolharam: — Vamos ter de leva-lo.

— Eu por mim ainda tomava mais um.

Carregaram—no aos trambolhoes ate um taxi e mandaram tocar para a sua casa, de cuja direcao ainda Sc lembravam.

— Ate que ek nao bebeu tanto assim.

— Voce' tambem nao esta muito born das pernas.

— A alma vai bent mas o corpo nao ajuda! ja fomos melhores, meu velho.

Chegaram. Subiram corn dificuldade a escada ate a yaranda. amparando o amigo, tocaram a campainha. Diante da mulher. a quern provavelmente hayiam tirado da cama. esbocaram uma explicacao, mas as palavras acudiam dificeis. Ela se limitou a olha-los. silenciosa. Confiaram-lhe entao a sua carga e bateram em retirada, antes que as coisas se complicassem. Ainda tiveram ammo de tomar urn ultimo no botequim da esquina.

Na manila seguintc, vitima da major ressaca deste mundo, ek acordou sem saber onde estava.

Aquele quarto nao lhe era estranho, mas... De subito. uma VOZ de mulher, VOZ que em outro tempo ja Ihe dissera alguma coisa, sussurrando la fora, na sala: — Nao faz barulho nao. filhinho, que seu pai voltou, esta dormindo ai no quarto.

From .4 Afullier do riziflho.

Original title: AVolta.

DON'T DO T1-4\T! Mal o pai colocou o papel na maquina. o menino comccou a empurrar uma cadeira pela sala, fazendo um barulho infernal.

— Para corn esse barulho. meu filho — falou, sem se voltar.

Corn tres anos ja sabia reagir como homem ao impacto das grandes injusticas paternas: nao estava

fazendo barulho, estava so cmpurrando uma cadeira.

— Pois entao para de empurrar a cadeira.

— Eu you embora — foi a resposta.

Distraido. o pai nab reparou que etc juntava açao as palavras. no ato de juntar do chao suas coisinhas, enrolando-as num pedaco de pano. Era a sua bagagem: um caminhao dc plastic° corn apenas tres rodas, urn rest° de biscoito. uma cline ( onde diabo meteram a chave da despensa? —a mac mais tarde ira dizer), metade de uma tesourinha ciderrujada. sua Unica arma para a gran& aventura. um botao amarrado num barbante.

A calma quc baixou entao na sala era vagamente inquietante. De repente. o pai olhou ao rcdor c nào viu o menino. Deu corn a porta da rua aberta. correu ate o portao: — Viu urn menino saindo desta casa? — gritou para o operario quc descansava diante da obra do outro lado da rua, scntado no mcio-fio.

— Saiu agora mesmo corn uma trouxinha — informou Correu ate a esquina e teve tempo de ve-lo ao longe, caminhando cabisbaixo ao longo do muro. A trouxa, arrastada no chao. ia deixando pelo caminho alguns de scus pertences: o botao, o pedaco de biscoito e — saira de casa prevenido — uma mocda de cruzciro. Chamou0, mas etc apertou o passinho, abriu a correr em direcao a avenida. como disposto a atirar-se diante do onibusque surgia a distancia.

— Mcu filho, cuidado!

0 onibus den uma frcada brusca, uma guinada para a esqucrda. os pneus cantaram no asfalto. 0 menino. assustado. arrepiou carreira. 0 pai prccipitou-se c o arrebanhou corn o brag() como• a urn animalzinho: — Quc susto voce me passou, meu filho — e apertava-o contra o peito. comovido.

— Deixa cu descer, papai. Voce esta me machucando.

Irresoluto, o pai pensava agora se lido seria o caso de lhe dar umas palmadas: — Machucando, Fazer uma coisa dessas corn seu pai.

— Me larga. Eu quero it NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

embora.

Trouxc-o para casa e o largou novamcnte na sala — tendo antes o cuidado de fechar a porta da mac rctirar a chave. como dc fizera corn a da despensa.

— Fique al quietinho, esta ouvindo'? Papal esta trabalhando.

— Fico. mas von cmpurrar esta cadcira.

E o barulho recomecou.

From A Mother do 17zinho.

Original title: Fuga.

REALLY VAN Foi mutt° mal rccebido pelo delegado da cidadezinha minetra onde esteve, como advogado, tratando dos interesses de um cliente. 0 homenzinho era mcsmo de mans bofcs: — 0 senhor nao ye que cstou ocupado'?

— Qucria apcnas uma informacao.

— 1st° aqui nao é secao de informaciftes.

—Nao seja estlipido! Sou advogado, cstou no exercicio de mcu direito.

— Tc cnsino já qual é o exercicio do scu direito.

Chamou um guarda: — Prende esse moo.

Desacato. Veio corn conversa de doutor para cima de mim.

Por mats que esbravejasse, ameacasse. esperneasse. o advogado foi literalmente trancafiado no xadrez, como urn criminoso qualquer.

E estava escrito que aquele dia seria o de encontros singularcs. No xadrez encontrou companhia: — Chega-te aos bons, menino.

Era um preto gigantesco, de bracos longos como os de um gorila. que se pas logo a resmungar: — Voce ve. meu filho. o que nos acontece: estou aqui so porquc mandei a minba sogra conversar corn Sao Pedro. Ela ViVia me enchendo, fui um santo ern agrientar tanto tempo. Um dia nao pude mais, esmigalhei o tampo da velha corn um tijolo. Por causa disso me prende ram.

E o santo homem voltou para ele os olhos injetados: — Voce, mcu branco...

Que andou fazendo?

— Eu'? Nada...

Antes que pudesse referir-se a arbitraricdade de que fora vitima, viu-se agarrado ao pescoco pot duas manoplas, erguido no ar como uma pluma e sacudido vtolentamente cm seus alicerces: — Nao manga comigo nao, mocinho! Te contei o que fiz coin toda distincao, nao vem bancando o bonifratc quc cu te dou uma esfrcga. Faz o favor de abrir o bico e ir dando o servico. Alguem voce despachou, nao despachou? Anda, confcssa!

— Despachci... — balbuciou de, aterrorizado. assim que o preto afrouxou um pouco as tenazes no seu pescoco.

— Quern'? Nao vai me dizer que voce matou qttalquer um ai...Tem ar de almofadinha. desses que fazem servico caprichado.

— Caprichado — concordou dc corn forca, sacudindo a cabeca.

— Quem? Conta logo, menino.

— Minha filha — inventou, tomando folego.

— Sua filha? — o preto parccia duvidar: — Quantos anos ela tinha?

— Tres.

— Matou como? Conta direitinho isso, filho de Deus.

— Afoguei na banheira.

0 preto o olhava. impressionado: — Voce devia ter alguma razao. Que é que cla fez'?

— Nada nao: vivia me cnchendo.

SO cntao o outro passou a olha-lo corn algum respeito.

— Para que Partido?

—Para todos os Partidos. parece.

— Ett gostaria de saber quern C que N'ai ganhar cleicao aqui.

— Eu tambem gostaria.

Uns falam que 6 um, outros falam quc outro. Ncssa mcx Ida...

— E o Prefeito'?

— Que C quc tern o Prefeito?

— Quc tal C o Prefeito daqui?

— 0 Prefeito? E tal c qual eles falam — Quc C quc falam dcle'?

Dee? Uai, esse trent todo quc falant de tudo quanto C Prefeito.

— Voce. certamente, ja tell candidato.

— Quem. cu? Estou esperando as plataformas.

— Mas tern all o rctrato de um candidato dependurado na pare& quc historia cssa?

— Aondc, au? Ue, gente: pcnduraram isso ai.

From A Mather do lizinho. Original title: No Exercicio da Profissio

From .4 Afulher do lizinho.

Original title: Coriversinha Mineira.

as.

— E born mesmo o cafezinho daqui, meu amigo?

— Sei dizer nao senhor: nab tomo café.

— Voce d dono do café, nao sabe dizer?

Ningudm tern reclamado dele nao senhor.

— Entio me (IA café corn leite. pa° c manteiga.

— Café corn leite so se for sew leite.

— Nao tern leite?

— Hoje. nao senhor.

— Por que hoje nao?

— Porque hoje o leiteiro nao veio.

— Ontem ele veio?

— Ontem Ira°.

— Quando é que dc vem?

— Tern dia certo nao senhor. As vezes vem, as vezes nao vent. So que no dia que devia vir cm geral nao vem.

— Mas au i fora esta escrito -Leiteira"!

— Ah, isto csta sim senhor.

— Quando é que tern !cite?

— Quando o leiteiro vent.

— Tern au i um sujeito comendo coalhada. feita de que?

— 0 que: coalhada? Entao o senhor nao sabe de que é feita a coalhada.

— Esta bem, voce ganhou. Me traz um café corn !cite sem leite. Escuta uma coisa: como é que vai indo a politica aqui na sua cidade?

— Sei dizcr nao senhor: Cu nao sou daqui.

— E ha quanto tempo o senhor mora aqui?

— Vai para uns quinze anos. Isto é, nao posso agarantir corn certeza: urn pouco mais, urn pouco menos. dava para saber como vai indo a situacao, nao acha?

— Ah, o senhor fala a situacao? Dizcm que vai bem.

33 NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL . MARCH 1995

For US eyes Never before has a Brazilian filmmaker had this kind of exposure in the States. But then there are not that many directors with a body of work as deep and extensive, covering 40 years of a country's cultural life, as Nelson Pereira dos Santos.

SAM AND HARRIET

ROBB INS As welcome news to a new generation of film enthusiasts, 13 rarely-seen. critically-acclaimed films of Brazil's leading director Nelson Pereira dos Santos. 66, were presented in February in a retrospective at the Lincoln Center in New York. The exhibit brought a lot of attention from the East Coast press. with the Village Voice comparing dos Santos's Barren Lives to John Ford's Grapes of Wrath. The Brazilian director himself participated in a New York University sponsored debate about his work held before the start of the retrospective. Answering questions from a group of four dozen students, Nelson talked about his feelings at being the object of such a tribute and revealed his intention of moving to New York in the near future.

Dos Santos has been called the conscience of Cinema Novo. the new wave of filmmaking that arose in the early 1960's in Brazil to bring about a national cinema influenced by Italy's neo-realism movement and France s NOuvelle i'ague, but with a look and beat that arc unmistakably Brazilian. His impact was felt from his first film. Rio, 40 Grans (Rio, 100 Degrees) (1954), a shoestring budget masterpiece dealing with the everyday experiences of people living out on the edges of 'official' Brazilian society, In 1963, i'idas Secas (Barren Lives), his fifth NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

film, represented Brazil at the Cannes Film Festival, bringing dos Santos's major talent and Brazil's vibrant national cinema to the attention of the world. His range not only covered neo-realistic precepts but included experimentation as well. Throughout the political upheavals in Brazil. dos Santos has never ceased to fashion new forms of cinematic expression. The director never lost touch with the power and potential of Brazilian popular culture, using his films as a conduit for the passionately authentic dreams, voices, and rhythms of the people.

- The 13 films shown were: Rio, 40 Grans (Rio, 100 Degrees); Rio, bma Norte (Rio, Northern Zone); l'idas Secas (Barren Lives): Boca de Ouro (Gold : Mouth); _Roue de Amor (Hunger Ibr Love); Azyllo Muito Louco (The Alienist); Como Era Gostoso o Men Frances (How Tasty Was My Little French Alan); )Annileto de Ogum (The Amulet of Ogum); Tenda dos Milagres (Tent of Miracles); Na Estrada da Vida .(On the Road to Lile); AlemOrias do Carcere (Memories of Prison); Jubiaha; and A Terceira A /argon do Rio (The 'Third Margin of the River).

From 1954 to 1994 these films brouight the heartbeat of Brazil in its comPlexities, its joys and sorrows, to !The screen. The filmmaker continues to be very active, despite the difficulty of making movies in Brazil today. He is currently- in the midst of completing a prOject for the 100 years' celebration of cinema as the representative from Latin America, joining other major directors worldwide for the premiere presentation in Cannes. in 1995.

A native of Sao Paulo. Nelson Pereira dos Santos studied law before going to Paris for an education in filmmaking.

Produced from 1954 to the present. his films constitute the single most important and coherent body of work in the history of Brazilian cinema. For the past 40 years he has kept alive his spirit of aesthetic innovation, and social commitment which has brought Brazilian cinema recognition both at home and abroad. â&#x20AC;˘ 35

The Jews of Brazil The Brazilian Jewish community is 120,000 plus strong. Its members are all over the country, with the biggest concentration in Rio and Sao Paulo.

They have names as Ivo F'itanguy, the famed plastic surgeon, and Hans Stern, who founded the H. Stern jewelry empire, but they are also anonymous members of a group that has been integrated into Brazil's mainstream.

ANDREA RADEMAN

On the fifth day of a writer's conference I am attending in Rio. my phone rings. When I answer, a voice says, -Welcome to Rio. I'm Anita Bernstein. I write for the Jewish press and I'd like to take you to lunch at the Hebrew Club. Can I pick you up in an hour'?"

An hour and twenty minutes later, we exit the elevator on the second floor of the Hebrew Club in Rio, sin rounded by a gaggle of Tante Go!dies, Bubbe Sylvias and Aunt Roses all chattering away in Portuguese. They look so familiar and friendly. you want to talk to them, but you can understand hardly a word they arc saying and you are amazed that thcy can understand each other.

Today, the mostly middle class and middle aged members of this group, which has been performing charitable deeds since it was founded in 1919, have come together for a very important reason. Bingo. It's all the rage here, having just been given government sanction.

Today, the games are preceded by a recital of Jewish songs by a local celebrity, a former cantor. The women arc enchanted as he sings, alone on an empty stage, accompanied only by a pianist on the floor below. In the unbearably hot room, the admiring audience creates a butterfly chorus of its own, as the women fan themselves with magazines and napkins and even real paper fans. A new building. undergoing construction, will have modern amenities like air conditioning. but these ladies, accustomed to the heat, arc relatively unfazed by it.

Anita tells me about herself. She went to school in Los Angeles. and has done a great deal of public relations work throughout Brazil. Until cutbacks in the budget took her job, she represented a major hotel chain here.

Now, she does free-lance P.R. while she searches out new opportunities. Knowing seemingly everyone and everything. I feel fortunate to have her as a guide.

Anita's parents, like many of the older Jewish community, came here from Germany. Her father was one of the original 100 people who pooled their resources to buy

36

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

the building that houses the He- gather here regularly, are celebrating two brew Club. The two World Wars birthdays today. Their voices trill and they were responsible for a minor ex- flutter about the room like species of rare plosion in the Jewish population of birds in an ornamental cage. They wear Brazil, who found it easier to gain designer dresses by Gloria Pires Rebillo, admittance there than in America. jewelry by H. Stern and faces by Ivo Pitanguy, Despite the you've-seen-it-all-be- the world-famous Jewish plastic surge;n. fore anti-Semitism, Jews freely Explains Anita, "These women are the wi es mix and intermarry with the local of Rio's leading politicians and business population. While I was there, the men." She points out the wife of a huge son of Hans Stern, an elderly and cocoa plantation owner and introduces me tO gracious gentleman who is a Holo- a stunning woman who comes over to say caust survivor and who founded hello and chat. When she leaves, Anita conthe H. Stern jewelry dynasty, with fides, "I know it's hard to believe, but she's outlets at every airport and hotel. around 70." It is impossible to believe..

The Amazon - Believe it or not, even in wedded his Brazilian bride at the beautiful Villa Rosa, an old estate the jungles of Brazil, there is a Jewish e•mnow used for private parties and munity, although out of the more than 120, 000 Brazilian Jews, fewer than 100 live in receptions.

The women come up to be in- Manaus. The Sao Joao Batista cemetery lies troduced. There is Rosa (no rela- outside of town, not far from the airport. It is tion to the Villa Rosa), who writes the burial place of Rabbi Moyal of Jer•sathe Rosa do Rio society column for lem, whose tomb has given rise to an obthe Jewish paper — there is also a scure Roman Catholic cult. The rabbi, Who bimonthly Jewish magazine and a died in 1910, came here to serve the tiny Jewish newsletter. Her black hair Jewish settlement of lumber, cacao and rubis pulled back, setting off her proud ber merchants. When the local population and handsome features. She wears saw the pebbles that, following Jewish relia black and crimson flowing caftan gious custom, had been placed atop the and chunky matching bracelets rabbi's gravestone, they ascribed them to the jangle at her wrists. Her mouth is miraculous powers of the dead rabbi. As the stained the same shade of red and it fascinating result, his grave has become a shrine, decorated with candles, coins and is smiling. rosary beads.

I meet the tiny Sao P. ulo lady who baked over - As our p ane 600 sugar cookies for landed in Sao today's gathering. I .I h ard Paulo, meet Linda Rub in, my name pathe president of the Anita Bernstein. Avenida Niemeged, follolved organization, a straiyer, 80.5, 22450-221 If you need a by a message ghtforward, obviousbusiness contact or a personal guide. from Anita ly dedicated woman, Anita can show you the ropes Bernstein,i the simply dressed and Sociedade Beneficente das Damas vivaci us wearing no makeup.

Israelitas do Rio de Janeiro. Rua woman w orn She fills me in on the Afonso Pena, 171, 226-9275. we had m tin group's many social Delicas, Avenida Henrique DuRio. It said, projects, describing mont, near Rua Visconde de Piraja.

"Bring your their informal beginThey serve all the favorites, from poluggage and nings. "We were just tato knish to herring. but. alas, no meet me right a bunch of Yiddish bagels. away at Boi mannnelas who went Satiricon (Rua Ballo da Torre, 192 Preto Churrasdown to the docks to (Ipanema). 521-0627). The Jewish caria. I'm with greet the new arrivowner gets raves for the freshest Itala group of peoals, who mostly arian-style fish and caipirinhas, a pople you'll enrived here with just tent local drink. joy meeting." the clothes on their Caesar Park Hotel. Avenida Vicira We grabbed a backs. Today there Souto. 460 (Ipanema), 287-3122. taxi an a are WIZO groups, Ort quarter hour Hadassah and the Albert Sabin Hospital, as well as a later were seated in the lounge of the Boi home for the aged and a recovery Preto, where we began a memorable ex erience. center."

By the time we were seated, we had been The Carioca (from Rio) society introduced to -the crowd." The fact that we matrons, like Zuzu Angel, who

Rio's

ADDRESS BOOK

NEWS from BRAZIL- MARCH 1995

spoke different languages was overcome by much smiling, hugging and curiosity on both sides, with Anita interpreting like a sportscaster officiating at a sports event.

There was Ovadia Saadia, a handsonic and charming bachelor, who is a journalist on the Jewish paper.

Across from me sat Stela Lepeyrie, a stunning brunette, is a whirlwind of raucous laughter and impish charm. She is also the wife of Claude Lepeyrie, executive chef at Rio's hottest disco, Hippopotamus.

It took great will power to resist her enthusiastic invitation to fly back to Rio the next day so he could cook for us. Stela's father sat on my left. He is the silver-haired, handsome and virile Jece Valadao, a filmmaker and prize-winning actor, who had just finished a run as one of the leads in a production of La Cage aux Folles. His young wife, Katia Valadao, is a model whose uninhibited beauty was apparent even witlrout a touch of make-up.

Ovadia and Anita are typical of many Paulista (from Sao Paulo) Jews, who are more often middle class than well to do, and have to scramble for the comforts of life.

On the way to our hotel, after dinner, Ovadia, acting as unofficial tour guide, drove us through the quaint, but now grimy and deserted old Jewish quarter, where he grew up.

A few of the buildings house schinatta factories that continue to operate — some even had lights burning in those pre-dawn hours.

We couldn't tell if they were starting early or ending late. In its heyday, this was a close-knit immigrant enclave. Most of its hardworking inhabitants have since moved on, and some have moved up. Today, boarded up buildings are a common sight. Still, like a stubborn weed, it clings to life.

Like the Jewish people.

Since our plane left at 1 am, and I was still nursing a bug I'd brought with me from home, we anticipated we'd return as wrecks. Not so. \Twig, the airline company, not knowing I was a writer, but know.ing I wasn't feeling well, gave us the four center seats so I could stretch out. We arrived back as zippy as two caipirinhas (sugar • cane liquor margarita).

37

38

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

abedelo has restaurants Joao Pessoa h4, 40:Ati4=yeineihilittslam Founded in 1585, the coastal city of to emerges from the Atlanti 00, Pessoa is the capital of Paraiba. It 1ies1 urc „Act! currently e. Camping is possible on many -, km north of Recife, 688 km south of Foitatei oing' Tenovation;,but and 185 km southlbf orditikidloeal,Opts Du fancy camping at the aste The city 'derives its name from JOAO-, 4shoili,d;Xco,PCn's0, o f Brazil, ther,e's Pessoa, the governor of Paraiba who formed ping-PB-Ol, run by Camping: an alliance with Getalio ;Vargas to run for the', Wilfredo -"Rodrigue itaTiraiade:SeiiaS; which is presidency of Brazil in 1929. In response to d-Ythe-center of jokrP'essoa advances from other political parties attempt., Photographic ings to tiO, rug to gain his support„ Joao Pessoa uttered raia de ,TambaliaS;ctramie';'.iwtejee4i sk-d- ,t'%;si;r a pithy nego (I refuse) which is now give onse)onL and leather goods for salt'jOnWeeki prominence in all Brazilian books Francisco rood fair is held in front of Hotel and in bold letters on the state flagofParai a, 'ambaü. In the city center, Joao Pessoa's aspirations to the vice-jires= e!614 ei ittia idency were short-lived: in July 1930 he was. from 7A.M. to noo *has craft work for sale.' " assassinated by Joao Dantas, an event which• t'Ont ito '5 30, SOUth of Joao Pessoa , •sparked a revolutionary backlash that ,even-, e-aeheS — Asi actiiii;a•an&Praii'do,-Sot •Wally swept Getidio Vargas to power (With: ,fromt the Just), remains of $ Orloao Pessm,"Praia:'Jacuinali'aldh ample help from the military) in October battles-against the French thi strip- of sand featuring colored 'Sand 1930. and Dtitch, the beaches bar natural pools, potable- mineral '"-Wrater,;":'d Information — Tourist Offices -- are clean. Praia de Tam- spr shady grove of palms and barracas PBTUR (226-7078) at Avenida Almirante ba6, ,seven km directly (op iiTe7t2businesS on weekends), 'There Aft.s Tamandard, 100, in Tambaii, provides maps east of rattafripsites,:<and-a hotel with aparta. cen0r;;is:rather and leaflets. It's inside the shopping arcade,- built up, but •Pc, The diagonally•opposite Tambau Hotel. There =-'-areibars,-restaiiran iirWaYbetWeen TaCiiing and Jadn'resso are also tourist information stands at the conut palms And fig trees aia do So! which is similar to Jacumn ar:7ivally.good-pj4e to telax;saY' rodoviaria (appears to be defunct nd the along Avenida Joao Mau:. airport. im o:i(inan ortieh) andrnAvenida „, in n and sipping coconut Dangers and Annoyances in shade. Welcome thetro;;. r The municipality is clearly cutting costs when it (south). elBtiraquinho',ForetReserve;apefaid , . , comes to street maintenance: watch your - South of Tambau is ",,,:by AMA is 10 'km before Jeacr Pessol",'„ step. Whilst looking for street names in the Praia Cabo Branco. From ; BR 230. ' dark, one of the authors actually fell down a here It's a slorioos,15.4cm ambaba Abotle.hitieAuti-S'Outi.14, broken telephone access hole. And just at walk along Praia da Penha:- 'Jac tnAIO'lhiraia:deTanibabathe,',OnlY'iiffidiat:k that momenta cuckoo character with a space- -- a beautiful 'stretch of nutl 46eh in the blprtheistirThiSi'superb ship agenda arrived to chat, whilst the au- sand sit& -.Palm groves' 'bea Ii, rated by,Brazilians.as among the thor, cussing loudly, et out of the and creeks — to Ponta de , 10 Brazil is divided i nto' tWOdepths!

Seixas, the easternmost sect on is reserved exclusively for mid Joao Pessoa has many `noisemobiles,' tip of South America. The and the other is open to clothed bathers: vehicles converted to carry as many loud- combination of extremely preNient problems, the nude section has two speakers as possible, which cruise the streets clear water and coral public relations officers who explain the deafening everyone with advertisements for make it a good spot for rules to bathers. When the beach is crowded,, underwear at amazing prices or airing polit- diving. men are not allowed in the nude sectibn ical grievances at noise levels that make it Immediately north of unless accompanied by a woman. impossible to understand the problem. Al- Tambaii. there are good The Associacao dos Amigos da Praia de though the standard noisemobile is outfitted urban beaches: Manaira, Tambaba (Association of Friends of; with a dozen or so loudspeakers, we saw a Praia do Bessa I and II, Tainbaba); (290-1037 evenings only) can bus here which had been converted into a Praia do Macaco (the surf- provide more information. There's an orga,'' sound war monster' with no less than 96 ers' beach) and Praia do ,•nized 'camp'ground with facilities'ebutifires peakers. Brazil may be the world's most Poco. musical country, but it's definitely at thelop Twenty km 'north of of the league for noise pollution.

Tambia. are Forte Santa Igreja Sao Francisco -- The-principal ;Catarina, Costinha and ourist attraction is the Igreja Sao Francisco, • Carnboinha beaches. onsidered to be one of Brazil's finest July to November is

hurches. Construction was interrupted by whale-hunting season in uccessive battles with the Dutch and French, Costinha, so unless you esulting in a beautiful but architecturally particularly want to see onfusecl complex built over three centuries, whales being disme rnhe facade, church towers and monastery bered, those months are a .Sant•tiAntonio) display a hodgepodge of good time to avoid the NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

not allowed and you should bring a Si& 13ifi''"da Traicao Despite the peaceful reettshelterecl waters, coconut paling and genile breezes, Baia da Traicao has a bloody„ pastt Here in 1501, the first Portugnese explorratory expedition was slaughtered &Oil& Tabjara Indians. In 1625 the Portuguese ha&it out with the Dutch, claimed victbiy andileft some rusty cannons and the ruins'of ' a fottress in their wake. • Sousa 420 km west of Joad Pessoa, is known for an offbeat tourist at39

traction: dinosaur tracks The tracks were discovered in 1920 by a geo logist who was researching drought — a major preoccupation in the sertdc)J,ater dirveries of tracks at over 13 sitei; along Rio do Peixe showed that thelivhole region had once been a Vale dos Dinossauros (Valleyof Dinosaurs). There are at least three sites in the proximity of Sousa. The best our km from town at Passagem das Pedras is fda Fazenda Ilha, on the banks of the Rio do Peixe, where at least 50 prints have been left by dinosaurs which, judging by the depth and size of the imprints, weighed between three and4f tons RIO GRANDE DO NORT Baia Formosa — The fishing Baia Formosa has super beaches pousada and practicallyrtottOtiiii, Backed by dunes, Baia Formosa arves from the end of the village (on the sou4rern part of the bay) to an isolated point iiI-the north. Parts of the beach have dark volcanic rocks eroded into curious forms by the surf.

The beaches further south of town are sweeping empty and spectacular.

Surfing is possible.

Senador Georgino AIN ino to BUzios — This stretch of coast has some of the best beaches in Rio Grande do Norte, a state which has so many great beaches it's difficult to find one that's not worth praising.

Buzios is a lovely beach town 35 km south of Natal. A couple of hotels here cater to weeknders.

Resist the temptation to get off the bus at BUzios. After Bazios the road is reduced to a rugged dirt traclOhen degenerates intetwo grooves. It crosses a stream and looses a groove, leav-

ing the bus bumping along a goat trail. Aside from the red coastal road, a stone road a few hundred meters inland, and the occasional surfer, there's nothing here but small waves crashing against the coast, white dunes, coconut palms, uncut jungle and pretty little farms. The place is idyllic. Get here before the road is finished and the developers move ; in.

Pirangi do Sul and Pirangi do Norte— Fourteen km north of BUzios, the twin beach towns of Pirangi do Sul and Pirangi do Norte are split by a river which courses through palm-crested dunes on its way to the ocean.

It's a quiet4y,ar„ia-where wealthy folk from Natal have putlrip their beach bUngalows.

There are a fewhotels and restaurants too.

Nearby is th *',ditie, largest cashew tree its rambling sprawl p1 branches is over half a km in eircumferenCe and still growing!

Ba rre ira (loln fe rno -- Twenty km front Natal is Barreira-doi Inferno (Hell's Gate), the Brazilian airjordel(F-43) rocket base.

The base is operi-toWgitors on Wednesdays from 1 to 3 P.M.. The tour of the base includes a 3Q-minute talk with slides and

Lampiao Every country has famous bad guys somewhere in its history. The USA has its western outlaws, the UK has its highwaymen. Australia has its bushrangers and Brazil has its cangaceiros (bandits).

At the end of the 19th century, the harsh poverty and social injustice in the drought-plagued seri& of the Northeast caused the formation of gangs of outlaws known as cangavos, who attacked towns, jazendas (ranches) and army outposts.

The most famouscangaceiro was Lampiao, who terrorized the sertao for more than 20 years.

Lampiab was a cowboy until his parents were killed by a cruel landowner. He and his brothers swore revenge and headed for the sertao to join the roaming outlaw bands.

Around 1920. two years after he had beLampiao and Maria Bonita. come a cangaceiro Lampiao became head of his own gang. He gained his nickname, The Lamp, because of the bright flashes given off by his rifle when he fought the police. Unlike other amgavo leaders, who were known for their generosity to suffering people of the sernio, Lampiao was renowned for his cruelty.

With his band, whose numbers varied between 15 and 40

50 men, he roamed the backlands of Pernambuco. Paraiba.

Alagoas and Ceara. His fame grew as stories and songs of his deeds spread throughout the Northeast.

In 1929 he met Maria Bonita, who became his lover and the first woman to join the cangaco. For another nine years the cangaco continued to be a thorn in the side of the state and federal governments, who tried many times to bring Lampiao to justice. Protected by the frightened general population and scared landowners, the cangaco became careless. One night in July 1938, they were surrounded by a group ofpolicia militar from Sergipe. Lampia'o and Maria Bonita were both killed. along with nine other gang members. Their heads were cut off and for almost 30 years remained on display in the Salvador Medical institute. They were finally buried in 1969.

The last cangacciro and surviving member of Lampiao's band, Corisco, was killed in 1940, and the era of the cangacos came to an end.

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

';.ut 1 ,i, VIligk 4V;f4and PraiiNINCLuizab%etch well day over nine km from the fort to the Farol de ,̀.:(4 ,,,, , n 202, 4t10:4..st!',911liZt:'''4'. ..i.,,,,11,,,,!•,,E!......, ''. , -ieSe ;371:r:: oiNe,gra Mae Luiza lighttoose. These are mostly city v.:4-.- 4, place 6II:ffe. ,? ,..1,.„...4,,,,i,.,,,,, .i,„ , ,:,,,;,i:1iri4 40:i, ,.. ':'i:‘: '' Th6c-, beaches witir'barOnight life, and big surf. . --4,'TPutP''' '': -):P/3.1!r:ntop,:,,,,,. ' ' '• south of Natal.:The b'p4cliislii,t,,p„Jr 4 y: 6i*,,vihreP, ' Oianes closest tOqtlie'fOrtare-tbcky and ' ,4'..-,:?., '. in length and, full of flotelk4CiukadaSs5reStn'aite 7,, ,, , tr ..

Natal -a'S'ecl in by an offshore met ?ons Forte, 04-,ecau-' ts ba7acas and sailboatis.4itWeeke dS- Pentagonal . Rio Grande do Norte boasts a feW4O' it,,,f ili -, eplacefreally. jintiPS'.:The;water.:'-is• YerY '.'ilS of caCtiaa. Try aShot of Olho I.)',7•Agua,';'. ago s (oli,eiffrO°7.

•: Imand 'safe for weak swimmers: At the far ,, to 5 P.M. Tuesday to Siirt!..:',::Murr4t6'cir Caranguejo withfa bit of C,hew I erid of the beach is a monstrous sand ofh,e, e,ii ,.- '-'itlf: . dune. A,clay), nt,tpe tip,i '6.,, s. face is inclined at 30 0 and drops straight., -irisula, , a ossoriV',4 between Meu -, 1.46!11:ie,!spA-BOrde'red by jungle greek:ti , , q , ! sCiido7, i , i trite ,, , : r,7CAnia , 5, ', and F' , f,a ;',:e% c :Mal „„: :ii'' , SI§ipif,perfect for sand :',skiing. A gedcr : 'nidal-reitrieSda'Vaii-e' ant to visi„ , ,. toWii'Ciii-tliellitge of the,t, ,,,., eXere , ,iSefr , snow skiers is, running down the''',1. 400:,',,,Ois:, -inili6rilf ,,,,,,, , Sertao. AbOl,p).,tr.,lcin out of tOvill'‘.there are!

'7,,•,•1,1ILL:A; good'ex,ereiSe:,,'. fo,r.:masochists is iiin=, i.folklor'e,',a'. iid•a'n ' ihrot:09:,gx:!,:: hot springsat* 7.1f . oli,r7V ,, r-nias de ki'o ' ssora'A';:4 " ' 7iiing up the ',',:'•'7'.:';.,'• ,.' ' 'f . -,.. ..,.. „, , : ..', . : features' ca 'c011ectiiirior''' which is expensiVe, biii1Vo,u may be ,772.,7,2,7 Evening,aCtivities'eoriSiSt'Of beer drink''',:'••imaic>:4!'',10ciiari'.-arilfi "0„ '1'0 -̀0. ' 'ay a small fee just tote the spri'ng,',' ing or snacking at barraca4browsing at It's riSeiifrom 8•""t0i'l'',30.:',:•''','l.'",''',::iii ,,.4: '' toLn ,: ,:eho ,e1:::c.: • ;!4:;,h; ,,,,?:s1sA. ,e,tieli rciasd vopt:ii a ili nl, r4 : the restaurants and gazing for shooting stars,.', 'A.M7ancrfrom 2 tc0• SP k:: ''aiftrit iiik''k' tfait:X1rt -:i and straying ,rock00,;.'".., ,•5:,: ,:, ,,:,: ,::•, : : ' • ., •-•• • Tues'cl'a';:.'tc; FrielayailCi;: ,,a;44 neret s'''Ir4's" 1:C;;:."ere'' ce 1:"1":/th iis a° :::cthne:ci,.:.i from 8 to 11 . ' ' , ..;,1 , :'-*- ,(dailyllecegsi ,'.e* ''',,,,,'7-:;'.','''"''.', ' •'''--.•'',.-;C, .,. ,',','1,`'• .' . ‘. '''..-::': - : . 2 ' . .

NATAL ' Saturday. .'3CFA ' ''''M:'''''°it''''''Isaert -a- 'ar„esolc. 12.T11,;4M :4" ,:lia.s.,,sait,:. ,soittaotfPrpacca,47, .'

The Museu CafeFilliock'n,i Antao ei.;;eG etosTw ese,a,;.8,ii ,:ei, ,, ,4,6 'iitg . :;:,'.,:.:7•,..:-.. ..Natal:thecapitartif Rio Grande do Norte, at Rua da„ConceiCao`;0 ., .-, SCin 1 6.,..1:1i,6 o 1 i , ;3,La,mpi41,04'7ih , bandit I s- 7,, •';':' ' is clean, bright city which is being deve17 .,„. will probably 'OnIy17'alipe04 11,e.c,te7;h i92 4. col OPett.at.,top speed into,' the beach,Capaii,tn a,1:; ,qf ::•,, , to hiesta04:,,'Ibous1..T,h4Iniu:-77 leagues, wriciattacke',:'' -cres-dkilir''' . of . .,.:seurri."iS housed?44::;0; open frofrm 118 -;.::: :.i , .'''''

N., 'Tuesday to„,:::,„ ' the Northeast There iisnt\e'errY e,stl.ittl,e,to, see r., ,,' ,inansi .„.. , ' 70,44.41at.:0,1', historical', iii :;,,,,,,, Friday; ;M. on Saturday0 ," dira; on that'C:0,0•,'''fr'°' -.i. ,itictitinireheaches, buggy ridtehs; ticl:thghi''7long , , . .

WStinday. Fer,more4 lat, , alli .1.Pm ','".•',Aife,.]: ,:-.7,. ., :-,abOu Ia displays‘-', and pp:w., ;,, t, b,, '- It.,3 History—In 12535 'a Portuguese arinadar..;,,sonar.:,effectS.:, :,ItI,Sc:',;51)60','-',,, 8 left4eareforqho,.'falls of the Rio'Otate''IroniA.K7t0*.fr„,,?,:ty47, --, --r0*.„i* ,4 , 46TY'r!O 0* u ck70,,, , .

MMini (127km north of present-day Natal) -Tuesday to Friday,';;-,an&';'-':.ti314 .Ceadatkl.'kj0'0,44440N,-,-"2. ,7 where it Met strong opposition from the.. from 8 A.M. to- 5T:IvIT;Ort.7„, -;a0,ii• ns10li past1le.surf„intO7Ceara, saving .,, French and their Indian allies:.:for the next :Saturday and Sunday ,.' ' :,, a ew iriandsrvirr -=• oplaop,,afroiiiret-town zi,00' years the territories remained abandoned " In 1954 the military ...',..flaVti, ', .,;.1i3OCals1:ScIrkq'trt,Iet,:t61.1114:14,i, 4. tlite'salli Ontil..1.7:V - ieFrench (recently expelled from - presented President Getit7:- -..naarty :„diffeterit,t0 ,P.,„ ,.

'•'. , .Parailiafhegan to use it as a base for attacks ho Vargas with an ,,ulti4••.';,tiead '''..';''''''' ''''.:,' :'.:"''''47-','"-4-:' :'-'-' • ' '''.:f.i.' ''''',)'.::t1 onYthe, SOuth. The Portuguese organized a matum to resign frourthe•. • ,„ ,, ,F: tirkm-west mythe, coast, yqtr'eonle, fitige flotilla from Paraiba and Pernambuco presidency whereupon .7,.river tiid'a-friendltontslonr bavThe.riSt .•'''• 'which met at the mouth of the Rio Potenji .0.11-r; '''' 'Vargas left a patriotiriote,: '.-,?.'eu:rTe t s swift .xieverthe1ess itts-;.•a .pri .•.':. 'Christmas Day 1597, to battle the French . and then shot hinitelfNliathi g,,,O0C.Two.olovpull„.xput4And '. ;. • . , On 6January, the day of Os Reis Magos • through the heart Café, .',:.VehiC e ,.adroSi'orf.;071bWAeett ,,,, . ,..,.. 7'.ear"fe'''' .., ' . 77.

•' • '(„The` Three Wise Kings), the Portuguese „Filho who had been vice- , ;wood "zitd4tforin,andalleceelf rope'Peg, • ' 'began to work on the fortress, which they president assurned't4e: -i071?-6Lt Iii-,4s :=-1:or...'$1::petlyieetfn frein#$.`!4; • . itsed'',,4.s.Ahoit base. in the war against the ,fpresidency and muddled : ,dieflOatzServes as.'.a, drying p 47, o, firi.A, ;.,_. Trench. The Brazilian coastline was hotly , through political crises „.1;iathers..,,L: ',. . : ,,,: , ,: ,. yilii,,_ . ,.contested, and in 1633 the fortress was taken' , .until he suffeyed'a,riri4jor;. :- , ,','f'dy0y.y.1,h.

7,41r,gOn ;f7d Vcizis,, •,.:litili;:tr liy,,,Atier. Dutch, who rebuilt it in stone but., :heart attack in :195'5.'and,..•::, rcitii ,,T,tti , „Ot .''9:,--9,f,„ ,, 4 . :,• '; :. retained2. the:five-point star shape. First un7 , ,.gave waytt.0',.(arlO*144,7, , ,,tiiCt,iltabi!.;-(tear,a),..‘aril?eriegotiatet lovt%%4 „igitaba the road is paVedagain.•,.: ef,DititOli, :and thereafter Portuguese occupa-. ' Although Cafe :Filho re '",i';ticl,,,, „ f,‘#111; .q II f tfoiiǸa.,*i7,grew from the fortress, !',v, :1hocl 63v :i,t,%irde,rt: ich 7,„,.„1.:::.,,, lia.

P ,,.1),`,107i,iec.:1!(414 : , , ., il'Cl''':".:::''. ... ., , Excerpts from Brazil - A named . '' .-theForte , dos . ReisnMages,, Travel Survival Kit , With construction of railway and a missed his ttirri-ci,n..* 2nd edition, port. Natal continued to develop as a small political carousel arid,

by Andrew Draffen, and relatively unimportant City until WW H. to be content withhis brie , Deanna Swaney Recognizing Natal ''s:strategic location 04 .,niomerit of fame as the and Robert Strauss. For the eastern bulge of Brazil, Getulio Vargas, first person from the State , more information call and Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to turn of Rio Grande do Norte to Lonely Planet: (800) 275the sleepy city into the Allied military base become a president.

-8555. Copyright 1992 , for operations in North Africa.

Beaches — Natal's, Lonely Planet Publications. .Dangers and annoyances — The dra- city beaches -- Praia do.

Used by permission. matic increase in visitors to the beaches has Meio, Praia dos Artistas, - attracted Petty thieves. There's no cause for Praia da Areia Preta, Praia, y,':. 0:0- 'oti '.:,:i? .,i ,',, : 1 , „.,,,,i„,,,:ii pa:laisri",,,:i: v„.04o "A:0 '4.;1 '-' ' ' ,i:v'iiiib'is.i•iiiii,41.4.'27,12.e-o,,,..4415, 1,7. : , ,„ . it advai: : . 01,',ils

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

awc. appeal The forrO, a spicy northeastern rhythm and dance, has acquired new life with more than a sprinkle of rock and saxophon. The Oxente music is conquering big markets in the South of Brazil after winning wide recognition in the North.

ALESSANDRA DALEVI

.kfastria is a northeastern plant similar to the bitter cress, which has medicinal properties. When mixed with milk (leite in Portuguese) it can do wonders for bronchitis and fatigue. Mastruz coin Leite is the name of a northeastern band, the most popular of a number of musical groups playing oxente music, a rhythm that has been taking the socalled Brazilian Sul maravilha (marvelous South) by storm after having conquered the North in the last four years. The new craze comes from Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceara, in the same region that gave the world the lambada, the masica sertaneja, and axe music.

Since their first LP, Arroxa o No (Tight the Knot), the Mastruz gang has made it big. They sold 400,000 copies of the first album. Although not a record when compared to a Maria Bethania, who sold 800,000 LPs singing Roberto Carlos, it's more than the 300,000 copies sold by MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) great Chico Buarque with his latest 42

release,Par,atodos. Three albums later (C'oisallossa -- Our Thing; So pra Xamegar — Just to Tease; ROCk do Serra° — Backland's Rock), the band is even stronger, with plenty of radio airtime—something they didn't have at the beginning of their career — and a full agenda that keeps Mastruz corn Leite on the road taking from town to town in a hectic tour of the country.

The oxente music (oxente is the way people say 6, gente --- hi, folks --, in the Northeast and the expression has a connotation of disapproval or surprise) is a close cousin of the larnbada as a dance, in the way it makes bodies intertwine with each other, On an even . more sensual level than that of lambada,it maintains the dancers bodies more tightly wrapped bv waist and crotch while the beat moves on. As a rhythm, oxente music is a legitimate child of forth, a corrupted pronunciation of the English for all, according to some linguists.

The new forro orfoi-rock, as the oxente music is NEVVS from BRAZIL MARCH 1995

Mr. Moon His wife was against it as a "bad example", but Januario Jose dos.

Santos. an accordion player and repairer, was always taking his little boy Luiz Gonzaga to the farros in Exu, in the backlands of the state of Pernambuco. When he was 8, the man who would be called the King of Baia°. was already making some change by playing his saalana (accordion). After becoming famous, Luiz Gonzaga composed "Januario", a tune showing his appreciation for and deference towards his father: "Luiz. respcita o Januario / Tu podcs set famoso,/ mas teu pai é mais tinhoso .../ Respeita os oito baixos do teu pai - Luiz, respect Januario / You may be famous,/ but you father is more resolute... / Respect the eight bellows of your father).

Luiz Gonzaga was already 27 when he decided to leave the Army — he had joined at 18 (he lied saying he was 21) after being beaten by his parents — and went to Rio to sing to prostitutes and their clients in the cabarets close to the docks. It was 1939, the same year Europe started World War II. The sanjimeiro (accordion player), who got the nickname of Lua (Moon) due to his round face, started by playing the sounds that were fashionable — waltz, polka, mazurka, tango — until 1940, when a group of students from the northeast made fun of him saying, "You only play gringo stuff. You know nothing from our land.'

In two weeks, he had changed his repertoire, including two tunes from his region, -Pe de Serra" ("Foothill") and "Vira e Alexe" (-Turn and Move"). In that moment the baido was born. After recording as a guest on a track in 1940, he would do his own 78 rpm in 1941, with two waltzes, a mazurka and a xmnego (a hal& relative). Early in his career he opted for the outfit he would wear his whole life: a leather hat like the ones worn by cangaceiros (northeast bandits), and a vaqueiro's (cowboy) jacket, leggings and pants. In 1943, he was barred at the entrance of his own radio show by the porter. who explained. "We don't let cangaceiros in."

His recording company (RCA) and radio stations didn't let him sing because of his "taboca rachada" ("cracked bamboo") voice. But that's what he started doing after hearing an interpretation of his music that he didn't like: Dezessete e Setecentos (Seventeen Seventy) by embolada singer Manezinho Araujo. The song became a hit, and convinced RCA to let him record his first song with his own voice, "Danca, Alariquinha" ("Mariquinha. Dance").

His partnership with Cearense (from Ceara) attorney Humberto Cavalcanti Teixeira would give birth to 19 songs, including the one that became his most famous and most recorded tune: "Asa Branca" (a northeast pigeon). First released in 1947, "Asa Branca" made Luiz Gonzaga a household name in Brazil and put the music from the northeast on the MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) map. Until 1956.

Gonzagao (he changed his name after his son — Gonzaguinha — also achieved fame as a very different kind of musician) reigned supreme.

But he didn't resist the rhythm that talked about little boats, nature and the girl from Ipanema. And after bossa nova, came Roberto Carlos's ie-ie-ie. Criticizing the Brazilian rockers. Luiz Gonzaga, in 1967, released the "Xote dos Cabeludos" ("Xote of the Hairy Ones") in which he sang, "In the backwoods of macho men. Hairy guys have no place."

In 1971, Luiz Gonzaga became famous again. From London, where he was in political exile, Baiano (from Bahia) Caetano Veloso recorded "Asa Branca" linking it to his own "London, London". Both songs talked about the retirante (the northeastern migrant). Gonzagao died from a prostate cancer in August 1989. Three months before his death, he was on stage for the last time during a tribute by friends and family. "I want to be remembered," he said. -as the sanfimeiro who loved and sang about his people. the backlands, the birds, animals, cangaceiros, retirantes, braves, cowards, love. In his final days, while suffering in a hospital in Recife, instead of screaming he used to sing aboios (the sound of vaqueiros calling the cattle).

NEVVS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

also called, keeps the old taste of forrO, adding world music spice. The songs are played with the traditional accordion, zabumba (bass drum) and triangle, to which are added synthesizers, electric guitars, drum-and-percussion and even saxophone. Where the old forra talked about hunger, drought and unrequited love, the new generation is more interested in spreading joy and happiness. A typical live show of Mastruz corn Leite is an .uninterrupted five-hour spectacle in which the 13 members of the band take turns, never letting the sound go dead.

"We have noticed that the public would cool down and then would take a long time to warm again when the band stopped.

That's why we decided to take turns among the musicians," explained Emanuel Gurgel, the creator of the new sound and the owner of Somzoom, the label that records Mastruz. "We also have Mastruz corn eeite to be careful not to stop the petting when it's getting hotter. We are going to triple the sale of rubbers," he concludes.

Gurgel is a strange species of manager who owns a recording company, a publishing house, and a radio station. His Somzoom has already released more than 50 different titles. He employs more than 100 musicians and has ten buses to carry them. In addition to Mastruz corn Leite, he has formed another sevenforro bands. They are Aquarius, Balaio de Gato (Cat Hamper), Calango Aceso (Glowing Lizard), Cavalo de Pau (Wood Horse), Mel corn Terra (Honey with Earth), Rabo de Saia (literally Skirt Tail, but Little Devil in Ceara and Woman in the rest of the country), and Som do Norte (Northern Sound).

All musicians are salaried and paid per show according to their success. The ones from Mastruz, for example, get $120 for each show. Musicians just starting don't make more than $30. Gurgel has complete control of the groups. Their album covers, including those for Mastruz, don't show the faces of the band members, which allows Gurgel to change musicians, present the band at the same time in different states, and demote to smaller groups musicians who are not good enough or who create any kind of problem, including complaining about the money they receive. The five-hour shows promoted by Mastruz com Leite, for example, never draw less than 4,000 people. The money that goes to Gurgel's bank account from each of these shows varies from $7,000 to $25,000.

Another successful promoter of forrock is Francisco Possidonio, who is also from Fortaleza. He sees nothing wrong in the way bands are paid. "We are the owners of the patent, the sound system, the instruments, the buses, we provide all the conditions for these musicians to work.

It's natural that we get a bigger piece of the pie," says the owner of the bands Forro Major, Forro Legal (Cool Fork)), Agitadores do ForrO (Forro's Rabble Rousers), Gatoes do Forro (Forro's Big Cats), and Cafe Cuado (Percolated Coffee). In the past Possidonio has been involved with famous northeastern musicians such as Luiz Gonzaga, Dominguinhos, and Zeze di Camargo.

Some being benefited by this resurgence of forro are 44

the veteran players and singers of that rhythm. People like Fagner, who after a time romancing Mexican sounds to survive, was able to return to his roots and release Caboclo Sonhador(Dreaming Frontiersman), a record with xotes, a forrO's close relative. Even Luiz Gonzaga, the greatest sanfoneiro (harmonica player) the Northeast ever had and who died in 1989, was the recipient of a recent tribute with his classical hits being interpreted by some of the best Brazilian musicians such as Sivuca Chico and Buarque, and released in Viva Gonzageio by BMG. It was after "Men Vaqueiro, Meu Peao" ("My Cowboy, My Roughrider") became a top hit in Rio that Mastruz and their music became famous all over Brazil.

The forrock has been invading the most hip discotheques in Sao Paulo as well as spots that until recently presented samba and ethnic music. Now, they've already had a chance to show their stuff in two of the temples of the most sophisticated music in the country: Sao Paulo's Olimpia and Rio's Canecao.

The big recording companies have been testing the waters to be sure that oxente music will bring the next big mother lode of successes for them. PolyGram has recorded So Forro (Only Forro) with Amelinha, a veteran of this sound, and now has scouts trying to find new talent in Fortaleza.

Bend, guitarist and singer of Forro Major, is enthusiastic about the success of the oxente music.

He hopes the new sound will be accepted by a great portion of the population. "For us it is excellent that modern forr6 is getting popular down there in the South. In the old days, things would come here from there, but would never go there from here. Now, in Ceara alone there are more than 170 bands playing forro, and 60 of them have already released successful records. The repertoire in the shows is almost always the same, and you play everything in the forro rhythm, from samba to rock'n'roll."

Not everybody is excited with the new forrO. Traditional forrozeiros such as Dominguinhos and Eliane, known as forro's queen, look at the movement with mixed feelings. They accuse the oxente music of distorting the real forro. "I just hope this doesn't become too much of a success down there," says Dominguinhos, "because in Brazil, everything that becomes a hit ends up very soon." And he adds, "These bands think they are playing forro, but I call what they doforro-lamba, a mix offorroandlambada.

But in the end it is a good thing, since they talk about forro, remember Luiz Gonzaga and make Ceara well known." Dominguinhos has another reason to be grateful to the new groups. Thanks to them, he has been across the country for the last two years and a half, doing an average of four shows a week.

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

Brazilian Notas SCOTT ADAMS This month we'll take a break from the CDs, albums and tapes of our Brazilian favorites to showcase those who showcase the music for us, each week in cities throughout the country. These radio DJs work with a true love of Brazilian music to entertai cate and enlighten us wi own individual personality „,„fgalunAugestAtemSavothe favorite Brazilian mnsic i fort-6 choro, MPB (Brazili lar Music), bossa nova o Brazilian jazz, feel fre guide to find th neare you, and re to tell your friend • r parts of the country n too!

"The Sounds of Brazil!" with Scott Adams Saturday 10 PM - midnight - WNUA FM 95.5, Chicago, Illinois Sunday 10 AM - Noon WOTB FM 103.1 Providence, Rhode Island Sunday 11 PM - 1 AM KSSJ FM 101.9 Sacramento, California Sunday Midnight - WNWV FM 107.3 Cleveland, Ohio Monday 7 - 9 PM - Tropical Moon FM 88.9, Panama City, Panama "CoracAo Brasileiro" with Dennis Miller Sunday - Noon - 2 PM WMBR FM 88.1 Boston, Massachusetts "Brasil corn "S" with Judith King Saturday 9 PM - Midnight WGBO FM 88.3, Newark, New Jersey "Brasilian Tropicale" with Alvon Griffin Wednesday 1 - 2 PM WMNF FM 88.5, Tampa, Florida "Brazilian Love Jazz" with Gina Martell

tfr

NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1995

Sunday 6 - 9 PM FM 93.9, Miami, Florida "A Taste of Brazil" Dick Conte Sunday 10- 11 PM - K FM 103.7, San Francisco, fornia "Canta Brasil" with Ii, David Heymann, 1V4'` Jose Sunday 6 FM 91.5 Cupert "Sounds of Sergio Mielnic Thursday.

KPFIC, C onna "One Oc uquerq Sund M 90.7 "Jaq Marsha Sun WDCB linois nolnIa* Sun 3 - 8 PM - Tropical Moon FM 88.9, Panama City,

Join Romero Lubambo, Nilson Matta and Duduka Da Fonseca— with special guests Herbie Mann, Claudio Roditi, Nana Vasconcelos, Cyro Baptista and Maucha Adnet— in an encore celebration of Black Orpheus, an event that changed the character of Brasilian music forever.

KOKOPELLI RECORDS 1-800-289-4853 Distributed exclusively in the USA by Distribution North America

Panama "Horizontes" with Michael Crocket Friday 2 - 3 PM KUT FM 90.5, Austin, Texas "Raices" with Samia Panni, Brian Lottis, Nilsa Lessa Saturday 2- 4PM - KBCS FM 913 Bellview, Washington "The Brazilia antasy" with Cenir Arruda Sunday 4 -6 PM UVO FM 89.3 Colorado r Brazilian radi o rams no ed in this list, e at (708) 292 5Th ha de them in fu re cd not te enough to h ian progta.ytur are am direct& aboutlr a or unity radi n an desire.jAnd heeifa list of fit A-VID International: (800) 7501941-Brazilian Carnaval Video Tapes Brazil CDs: (617)524-5030 -Brazilian Music (Mail Order) Musicrama: (718) 389-7818 - Brazilian Music (Mail Order) Samba Planet: (510) 3720556 - Brazilian Music (Mail Order) Tower Music: (800) 6484844 - Brazilian Music (Mail Order) If you're a subscriber to America Online, you should know about the Brazilian Music Forum, located in the Arts and Entertainment section, under the heading "World Beat." It's a great way to meet new friends who enjoy the music as much as you do, and to learn more about the latest news and events.

And don't forget: You can •receive a free subscription to The Brazilian Music Review by simply calling The Brazilian Music Review Listener Line at (708) 292-4545. It's America's only publication that covers Brazilian music releases available in this country. The Listener Line also allows you to sample selected new Brazilian albums before you buy.

Check it out! Next month we'll return with review of the hottest new Brazilian music. Ate logo!

• 45

Carlota Joaquin a with

Mat eta

Seve=i ro 3. - 0 Capital Estrangeiro- Allegory about contemporary Brazil, written by Silvio de Abreu and directed by Cecil Third. In Rio A Comedia dos Erros - An adaptation of Shakespeare by Caca Rosset. With Cristiane Tricerri and Maria Alice Vergueiro. In Sib Paulo.

A Gaiola das Loucas - Twenty years later, Rio's Cage aux Folles is back with the same duo who starred in it two decades ago, Jorge Doria and Carvalhinho. Jorge Fernando directs the new mise-en-scene.

Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procura - Miguel Falabella, who wrote the text, plays all 17 characters of this comical monologue. In Rio. 0 Medico e o Monstro - In this Georg Osterman'a comedy, a physician creates a potion that changes him into a monster. In Sao Paulo.

Nas Raias da Lou cura - Name inspired ty interpreter Claudia Raia. Lyrics by Silvio de Abreu and directed by Zd Rodrix.

A Nova California - Based on short story by Lima Barreto.

Man changes bones in gold.

Directed by Jose Maria Rodrigues. In Rio Porca Miseria - Four Italian brdthers struggle to survive in Sao Paulo. Director: Gianni Ratto. In SA° Paulo Querida Mainlie - Maria Adelaide Amaral play about a touchy mother-daughter relationship. In Rio. Tangos e Tragedias - Humorists Hique Gomez and Nico Nicolaiewski have been packing the Palladium, in Sao Paulo, for 10 years.

Trair e Copt' E So Cornecor A loony maid makes life miserable for her bosses. In Sao Paulo.

48

Moms American films just released: Only You (SO Voce), Blank Check (Cheque emBrmico), Amateur (Amateur), Lassie (Lassie), isclosure (Assedio Sexual), The River Wi (0 Rio Selvagem), Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein (Frankenstein de Mary Shel y), Corrina, Corrina (Corina, uma Baba Peileita) The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen o the Desert (Priscilla, a Rainha do Deser ) Australia -(1994)- There drag queens qross Australia aboard a bus called Priscilla!

Carlota Joaquina - Princesa do Brazil Brazil - (1994) - Directed by Carla Camurati, it tells the story of the wife of Dom logo VI.

El Amante Bilingue (0 Amante Biling0) Spain - (1994) - Romantic obsessive ttagi7 comedy from director Vicente Arandai Ryaba My Chicken (0 Ouro dos Tout s) France/Russia - (1994) - Director Aid rei Konchalovsky, who has worked in H Ilywood, shows today's Russia through the eyes of an old lady. Comedy.

Veja Esta Can ftlo - Brazil - (1993) - Four episodes inspired by four songs: "Pisada de Elefante" (Ben Jor), "Drao" (Gil), "Samba do Grande Amor" (Chico Buarque),fand "Voce 6 Linda" (Caetano Veloso). Caca Diegues directs.

Fiction 1. Nada Dura para Sempre Sidney Sheldon (Record) 2. Na Margem do Rio Piedra Eu Sentei e Chorei Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 3. Do Amor e Outros Demonios - Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Record) 4. A Profecia Celestina James Radfield (Objetiva) 5. 0 Alquimista Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 6. Violetas nu Janela Vera Liicia Marinzeck de Carvalho (Rocco) 7. Entrevista corn o Vampiro Anne Rice (Rocco) 8. Joias Danielle Steel (Record) 9. Comedias du Vida Privada 101 Cron icas Escolhidas- Luis Fernando Verissimo (L & PM) 10. Laps Eternos Zibia M. Gasparetto (Espaco,Vida e Consciencia)

Nonfiction 1.' Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 2. Anjos Cabalisticos Monica Buonfiglio- (Berkana) 3. Caminho das Borboletas — Meus 405 Dias ao Lado de Senn a Adriane Galisteu (Caras) 4. Auto Estimu Lair Ribeiro (Objetiva) 5. Chat"), o Rei do Brasil Fernando Morais (Companhia das Letras) 6. Minutos de Sabedoria Carlos Torres Pastorino (Vozes) 7. Dan uza Todo Diu Danuza Lea° (Siciliano) 8. 0 Brasil Oue Dá Certo Stephen Kanitz (Makron Books) 9. 0 Sucesso Nilo Ocorre por Acaso Lair Ribeiro (Objetiva) 10. 0 Olho Magic() N. E. Thing (Martins Fontes) NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

I.

se with a ready-for-primein their heads but who ven j,y,et had their chance to sing it crowd, here's your big chance.

Registration for the First International Festival of the Brazilian Popular Mu33-USA 95 is open till March ' The competition, organized by mart Productions, is for Brazilian composers, but even if you are not a Brazilian you can enter the contest as Ionrasoilhave a partner from Brazit'YOu can submit a maximum of tie ‘ionniPO'sitionS and you can use fly musical style you choose. A jury select 48 songs in the first phase. v York Miami, Boston and Los Angeles will hold qualifyingcontests.

The announcement of the winner, at'ended b- Brazilian and American TV stations, will take place in Miami, e number to call is (305)

TASTE OF BRAZIL Paixao do Brazil, a band from Seattle with a big soft spot for Brazilian music — hey, it's not only grunge coming from up there — has changed its name but not its passion for Brazil. The group. which now goes by the name Susan Carr's Ensemble, has internationalized its cast with two additions. one front Brazil, the other front Uruguay. Singer Carr. the band leader, has been teaching singing to many of Seattle's well-known rock bands and is also an actress. By the way, it was her performance at The Carmen Miranda Show that gave origin to her former band. Completing the group arePaulista (from So Paulo) Kiko Freitas on guitar. Uruguayan Miguel Angel Garrido on bass. and American Scott Ketron on percussion.

ONE MORE GOOD-BYE

Luso CALIFORNIA nce'again New York's Amanaka'a Amazon Network is busy preparing its annual ,'Amazon Week, scheduled for ;. May 17. Version number 6 of the , event will include an Amazon Expo - with music, typical goods, and a farewell' picnic in Central Park. As in other years; the intention of the Week o educate Americans about the Amazon forest and its inhabitants.

After opening at the UN, the VI Amazon Week will present a series of cultural events all over New York. Volunteers are being sought to help with the organization of the events. For More information call (212) 925-5299.

NEWS from BRAZIL- MARCH 1995

Did you know that more than 50% of California's milk is produced in farms owned by Portuguese and Portuguese-American farmers? Or that there are close to one million Portuguese and their descendants living in California? These and a plethora of other data about the Portuguese imprint on the American West are revealed in A Rota da Saudade (Far Away), a one-hour video shot by Brazilian videomaker Sergio do Lago. The work, which took one year to complete, is filled with historic tidbits and presents a portrait of Luso-Americans in the West, showing their celebrations, culture, religious traditions and businesses. There are two versions: one in English and one in Portuguese. Interested? Call (714) 3722265.

Tom Jobim's last concert appearance is now part of a posthumous homage to Bossa Nova's co-founder and leading composer. On Antonio Carlos Jobim: an All-Star Tribute, you will hear the likes of Shirley Horn, Jon Hendricks and Gal Costa interpreting some of Jobim's standards, such as "Agua de Beber," "Chega de Saudade" ("No More Blues"), "A Felicidade," "Se Todos Fossem Iguais a Voce," "Wave", and the "Girl from Ipanema". Produced in Brazil by New York based V.I.E.W. Video, this onehour tape features Herbie Hancock as a musician and the show emcee. The video costs $19.98. Call (800) 8439843 to find out where to get it.

47

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3621 18TH S.F. CA 94131 (4-15) 62.6-33727

(310) 839-8427

ADVOGADO

Her Story and Her Music 60-minute radio special Stereo Audiocassette U.S.-$13.95 incl. S&H Intl. -$15.95 incl. S&H Check \money order to: Edwin Hersch PO. Box 1074 Mill Valley, CA 94942 2-Week Delivery

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EXOTIC SAMBA DANCERS, TRADITIONAL MUSIC & DANCE OF BRAZIL. FOR CLUBS, CELEBRATIONS, ETC. VIDEO AVAILABLE. CALL TODAY

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CWBINJ-tO DA CRIANcA •BRA5II.EIRA UM GRUPO DE MAES E/OU PAIS BRASILEIROS ESTA SENDO CRIADO PARA PRESERVAR NOS NOSSOS FILHOS 0 FOLCLORE, A LINGUA, A CULTURA E AS TRADIQOES BRASILEIRAS

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(800) 354.495'3 FOR AD CALL NOW

48

SUA PARTICIPA00 E ESSENCIAL E GRATIS

(818) 248-3667 213 255-8062 NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET

BOOKS

Livroshrasileiros.Compre pelo Correio. Literatura, best-sellers, dicionarios, livrostecnicos. Pe9a catalog° gratuito. Luso Brazilian Books - P.O. Box 170286NFB - Brooklyn, NY 11217 Info: (718) 624-4000 - Only for orders: (800) 727-LUSO. Know-How - Ingles para Bmsileiros - Livro pratico de InglesPortugues gravado ern tres fitas K7. Pronuncia americana. $40 total. Envie cheque on money order para: Graham Books - P.O. Box 291453 - Port Orange, FL 32129. Tel: (407) 351-0254.

CLASSES

Brazilian Music - Group meetings to listen to, translate, Understand and enjoy songs. For Brazilian song lovers not for music professionals. (415) 7719474 Computer classes Groups and private classes. (818) 507-1521 Enjoy the pleasures of life: learn to fly helicopter (in English or Portuguese)! Call now!

Phone/Fax: (805) 297-3691 Pager: (310) 785-7188 Portuguese classes - Individual & small groups. Relaxed, fun, but very efficient and personalized lessons. I'm a native Brazilian instructor with an university degree in languages. Try a free lesson. (415) 771-9474 Portuguese lessons Designed for all levels, in an informal fun atmosphere. The instructor is a native speaker with Master Degree/teaching experience in the US. (415) 383-8859 Study Portuguese with credenhaled instructors. Small groups and individual tutoring. Registration always open. We also offer courses in Rio de Janeiro.

(310) 839-8427 ENTERTAINMENT

Exotic samba dancers, trathtional music and dance of Brazil. For clubs, celebrations, etc.

Video available. (408)464-2234 MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS

Jornais e rev istas do Brasil.

Recebemos joniais diarios alem de todas as principais revistas, incluindo masculinas e femininas, alem de gibis, palavras cnizadas e livros- de bolso. Tel. & fax: (617) 787-0758 .

MUSIC

Brazilian Music in its totality.

Samba, bossa nova, jazz, chori7 nlio, lambada, bait-to, freva; axe, and more. CDs and Tapes. Mail delivery available. Merchant Express - (800) 589-5884 NEWS from BRAZIL. MARCH 1695

Guitars Di Giorgio for sale Order now with 10 free lessons on tapes. Audio visual method

by Maia. Also video tapes available. Play from first lesson. More details call Las Vegas (702 ) 3692129 NEWS

Fax Newspaper - A daily threepage summary of the Brazilian press from Agencia Estado. We cover all the main Brazilian papers. Fax your request for a one week free trial to (800) 2378236 or (305) 285-6980.

OPPORTUNITY

Ganhe diariamente $200, $500 on mais mostrando calculadora e relogio de pills° que realmente falam resultados e horas em males e Espanhol, send° alanna gab o que canto por urn minuto.

Realmente fora de serie. 0 povo praticamente o arrebata das mitos. Amostra coin A ranjo.

Drawer 66 - Mountain View, CA 94042 Prepaid domestic & international phone cards! Call anywhere trom any touch phone for half the price of the big 3. No need for coins or expensive collect calls. Send these prepaid cards to Brazil so your family can call you here for 70% less than what it costs there. Cards cost $20 and can be renewed with your credit card. Try one.

Once you've seen the difference in price, you'll never use . any -other card! Call Junior at -(415) 64&5966..

PERSONAL

American businessman has lived M your country and loves your people, music, & dance.

Desires friendship/romance with Brasileira between 22.-30 years.

Interests include yoga, health food, nature. Please write R.B. 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024 American Jewish man; 36, sincere, deep, fun, active, doctor, seeks Jewish lady under 35 with brown eyes and long dark hair, in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168. .

Americana, 37 anos, delgado, olhos azuis, professor de Ingres.

Pala Frances, Espanhol,Italiano, Portugues. Deseja encontrar brasileira, 18-30 anos. Escreva para William, 1431 Ocean Ave., #1106, Santa Monica, CA, 90401.

American, 52, has travelled to Brazil, desires correspondence with young, open-minded Brasileira 'livingin the US, to explore compatibility - nrid.- romance.

FE1RA LIVRE RATES: 500 a word. Phone,./4 one word.

DISCOUNTS: For 3 times deduct 5%, for 6 times deduct 10%, for 12 times deduct 15%.

POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our discretion. Sorry, no credit card at this time. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please, include address and phone number, which will be kept confidential.

DEADLINE: The 15th of the month. Late material will be held for the tbllowing month if appropriate.

TO PLACE AD: Send ad with check or money order to News from Brazil P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536.

Write: M.F.K. P.O.B. 215, PSYCHOTHERAPY Redmond, WA 98073 Emotional and psychological Brasileiro, 40 anos, solteiro, residente, curso superior. help. Elizabete Almeida MA. CC intern offers psychoProcura corresponde -se corn brasileira, morena clara ou loira, therapy in English/Portuguese. entre 21 a 30 anos, boa apa- Reasonable rates. (310) 281rencia e fisico, corn saude, para 7536 urn compromisso seri° levando REAL ESTATE a casamento. Escreva para 660- BUYING, SELLING, RENT1 Broadway St. - San Francisco, ING - Let me assist you with all CA 94133. - On chame (415) your Real Estate needs. Any399-0787 (Apreciaria fota),_ where in the U.S. through NaFernando Carioca. tional Referral Services. Call French American guy looking Debora Jackson at (703) 548for friendship with Brazilian 0700. McEneamey Associates men 35-55. (310) 659-3139 or Inc. write: Occupant, P.O. Box NATAL, BRAZIL - Let's buy 16655, Beverly Hills, CA 90209 or build our own winter-sumLA./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and mer getaway pousada. Looking supportive seeks smart, loyal for partners. Call (813 ) 774-7458 and young Brazilian lady age or write: 6067 Hollow Dr. 28 to 35 for love and compan- Naples, FL 33962 ionship. Write letter with RECIFE, BRAZIL - Ecophoto to Dr. G. Martin - 1107 logist's dream. Pousada inside Fair Oaks #184 - South Pasa- 466-acre forest reserve. 40 miles dena, CA 91030 or call (213) north of Recife. 10 minutes from 223-6100 beaches. Earn income preservOpen minded and funny guy ing nature. Information: Phone wants to meet garotinha unin- of Fax 011-55-81-465-1383 hibited and open-minded, 18-30 RENTAL for fun, friendship and exchange. of thoughts. Write: P. R. c/o Private studio for single Box 42D36 - Los Angeles, CA woman. Share kitchen/bath with 90050 Brazilian/American family.

Single American male Seeks W.L.A. $400. Utilities included.

Brazilian women, 18-15 years (310) 287-0905 old. I am 34 years old, healthy, SERVICE OFFERED attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to 2440 16th St. • Civil Engineer with Master's #179., San Francisco, CA 94103 Degree offers service. (SubstanSuccessful, wealthy,, c,00d- tial knowledge of computers and looking marriage-minded ro- software.) (818) 507-1521 mantic American comedy TRAVEL \\Titer, 30, speaks a little Portu- Washington Tour & Travel guese, seeks slender, intelligent, Brasil Vigo 7 International educated, English-speaking,. Money Transmitter - Passagens non-smoking, non-religious aereas domesticas e internaBrasileira in L.A. area. Note & cionais. Enviamos dinheiro para photo to: Occupant, P 0. Box o Brasil em 24 horas. Traslados 3757, Santa Monica, C 90408 dos aeroportos em Washington D.C.. Tours em Washington D.C. - Tel:- (703) 527-6977 49

WEDNESDAY 1

TV & RADIO

Zabumba has live music dail . See ad at •a .e 4 9:00 PM - Grupo Entre N6s at Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY 2 BERBEM 9:00 PM - Carla() at Nino's

BOSTON Coragaci Brasileiro - Every Sunday, 12 00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM VVMBR

CHICAGO The Sounds of Brazil - Every Saturday, 10 00 pm Midnight , 95.5 FM, WNUA with Scott Adams

LOS ANGELES Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 200 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour -Every Saturday and Sunday, 9:00 am - 10:00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko

MIAMI RADIO

FRIDAY 3

SAMIXIMOVCA

8:30 PM - Brazil Carnaval '95 at U.S.Grant Hotel - 326 Broadway (619) 278-4839 RECIONA EACtA 8:00 PM - Brasil/Brazil Show with Sonia Santos & Ana Gazzola at Dante's - 1611 S Catalina Ave (310) 792-1972

SAVFETANCIS CO

9:00 PM - Viva Brasil at Bahia Cabana

SATURDAY 4 ZQUantil =1301QU1I 2:00 PM - Ballet FolclOrico do Brasil at South Broadway Cultural Center

NEVYKORK

9:30 PM & 11:30 PM a t- Samba Reggae Extravaganza S o - 204 Varick St -(212) 30 , 7-7171

IAKETOREST CA 9:30 PM - Carnaval Night with

Ricardo Gehr & Band at Aldo's 22741 Lamber Rd - (714) 4722272

TUESDAY 7 LOSANGELES 8:00 PM - New Axe at Zabumba WEDNESDAY 8 SAN' FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Grupo Entre N6s at Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY 9 BERKELEY 9:00 PM - CarN) and guitar at Nino's

FRIDAY 10 SANTRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Viva Brasil at Bahia Cabana

LOSANGELES 10:00 PM -Brazilian Carnaval Ball '95 at Tamayo Restaurant- 5300 E Olympic Blvd - (213) 260-4700

aAtriFezNpis,Q0,

Brazilians Love Jazz -Every Sunday, 5.00 pm - 6:00 pm with Gina Martelli- 93 9 - Love 94

9:00 PM : Bahia Band at Bahia Cabana

BIN (Brazilian TV Network) - 11:00 pm - 1:00 am, DCI ch. 40, S South ch. 51, Adelphia ch. 52, Gold Coast ch. 99

SUNDAY 5 WASHINGTONAIC 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian

Luqui Corporation -Jornal Bandeirantes - 11:00 pm 1:00 am, Dynamic ch. 20, S South ch. 41, Gold Coast ch. 44, DCI ch. 45

More Carnaval balls

SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - lvson & Grupo Gosto at Club Cocodrie - 1024 Kearny St (415) 986-6678

Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd. - (202) 7235854

POMPANWFLORIDA 3:00 PM - Domingo do Pagode at World Music Café- 3430 E. Atlantic - (305) 941-2751

LOSTANGELES 8:00 PM -Jam Sessionat Zabumba

LONG7BEACKVA

LOS ANGELES

14 Below 4- 1348 14th St., Santa Monica - (310) 451-5040 Bokaos Club - 8689 Wilshire Beverly Hills- (310) 659-1200 Cafe Danssa -11533 W. Pico Bl West L A - (310) 478-7866 Fais-Do-Do - 5257 W. Adams L.A. - (310) 842-6171 Foothill - 1992 Cherry Ave. Long Beach - (310) 983-9190 La Ve Lee - 12514 Ventura 111 Studio City - (818) 980-8158 41..e Café - 1,4633 Ventura Bl. 4S1). Oaks - '(818) 986-2662 Mauro's - 8112 Melrose Ave. Los Angeles - (213) 653-2874 Saint Marks- 23 Windward Ave. Venice - (310) 452-2222 Tatou - 233 N Beverly Dr Beverly Hills - (310) 274-9955 Zabumba -10717 Venice Blvd CulverTity- (310) 841-6525

6:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Foothill 50

NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

calendar - march 95 - u.s.a.

9:00 PM - Bahia Band at Bahia Cabana

at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd - (202) 723-5854

LOS ANQELES,

SUNDAY 12 WASHINGIOWDc

8:00 PM - Jam Session at

2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd - (202) 723-5854

6:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Foothill

LMNG413 ' EACKCA

9:00 PM - Zeca do Trombone & DJ Papagaio at Pasand Lounge

2:00 PM - Ballet Folclorico do Brasil at Carpenter Performing Arts Center- (310) 985-7000 6:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Foothill

IZOSANGELES 8:00 PM - Jam Session at Zabumba

TUESDAY 14 LOSANGELES 8:00 PM - New Axe at Zabumba 8:30 PM - Andrea Marcelli at Le Café

WEDNESDAY 15 SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Grupo Entre N6s at Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY 16 BERKELEY 9:00 PM - Carla° and guitar at Nino's

FRIDAY 17 FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Viva Brasil at Bahia Cabana

SATURDAY 18 SANTRANcIScO 9:00 PM - Bahia Band at Bahia Cabana

SUNDAY 19 WASHINGTON; -DC 2:00 PM -8:00 PM -Brazilian Folklore

Zabumba

.LONGI BEA:QH;::CA

Alberto's - 736 W Dana St., Mtn View, (415) 968-3007 Aioli - 469 Bush Street S'ax) Francisco- (415)2490900 Ashkenaz - 1317 San Pablo Ave.-Berkeley (510)525-5054 Bahia - 41 Franklin S Francisco (415) 626-3306 Bahia Cabana - 1600 Market St. - S Fco. (415) 861-4202 Chambord - 152 Kearney St. S. Francisco (415) 434-3688 The Ferryboat - Embarcadcro St, Pier 3, SF, (415) 788-8866 Nino's - 1916 Martin L

Jr., Berkeley (510) 845-9303t.'

Pasand Lounge - 2284 Shattuck Av ,Berk (510)848-0260 The Ramp -855 China Basin San Francisco (415)621-2378 Yoshi's -6030 Claremont Ave. Oakland (519) 652-9200

TV & RADIO

SAN. FRANCISCD TUESDAY 21 COS:ANGELES 8:00 PM - New Axe at Zabumba

WEDNESDAY 22 SANTRANCISCO, 9:00 PM - Grupo Entre Nos at Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY 23 BERKELEY 9:00 PM - Carlao at Nino's

FRIDAY 24 SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Viva Brasil at Bahia Cabana

SATURDAY 25 SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Bahia Band at Bahia Cabana

SUNDAY 26 WASHINGTON DC 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM - Brazilian Folklore at 14 La Perla Restaurant, 1832 Columbia Rd - (202) 723-5854

LONG BEACH; CA 6:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Foothill

SAN FRANCISCO

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SATURDAY 11 SANSFRA:::KISPQ

LOS ANGELES 8:00 PM - Jam Session at Zabumba

TUESDAY 28 LOS ANGELES 8:00 PM - New Axe at Zabumba

WEDNESDAY 29 SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Grupo Entre Nos at 1 Bahia Cabana

THURSDAY 30 WH I TTIER;,cA 2:00 PM - Ballet Folcloricod 310o BrasilatRio Hondo College - ( ) 908-3492

BERKELEY 9:00 PM - Carla() and guitar at Nino's

FRIDAY 31 SAN FRANCISCO 9:00 PM - Viva Brasil at Bahia

NEW YORK/ NEW JERSEY RADIO Brasil corn S - Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBGO Brazil FM - Every Sunday, 10:00 PM with Tulio Reis -

105.9 FM - VVNWK

Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10:00 PM with Leo Costa & Alberto Lopes - 89.9 FM - WKCR

TV Brazilians in America-TV

- Every Sunday, 5:30 PM Channel 16 SACRAMENTO, California The Sounds of Brazil - Every Sunday, 11 00 pm-1.00 am, KSSJ FM, 101.9 with Scott Adams

S. FRANCISCO Agora Brasil - Every Sat-

urday, 3:00 PM - 4.00 PM, KPFA, 94.0 FM with Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho- Every Wednesday, 9.30 PM, KZSC, 88.1 FM with Renato Frota Canta, Brasil - Every Sunday, 6.00 PM - 8:00 PM KKUP, 91.5 FM, with Xuxu, Maria Jose and David Heyman A Taste of Brazil - Every

Sunday, 10:00 PM - 11:0 PM, KKSF, 103.7 with Dick Conte Tropicalia Brasiliana

Every Friday, 8 OOPM -9 00 PM, KUSF, 90.3 with Raimundo Franco

WASHINGTON, DC Berimbau - Brazilian Music- Every Saturday, 9.00

AM - 11:00 AM, 89.3 FM, VVF'FW, Pacifica Radio, with Gisela Mills

Cabana NEWS Horn BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

51

Boston Area Books Livraria Plenitude (800) 532-5809 Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (617) 617-542-4000 Dentist Sylvio P. Lease (617) 924-1882 Food & Products Aqui Brazil (617) 787-0758 Brasil Brasil (617) 561-6094 Jerry's Cachaca (617) 666-5410 Instruction Braz. & Amer. Lg. Inst.

(617) 787-7716 Music Brazil CDs (617) 524-5030 Publications The Brazilian Monthly (617) 566-3651 Restaurants Café Brazil (617) 789-5980 Tropicalia (617) 567-4422 Pampas Churrascaria (617) 661-6613

Chicago Consulate Consulado G. do Brasil (312) 464-0244 Translations Portuguese Lang. Ctr. (312) 276-6683

Los Angeles Area ccoUntant Sheila Shanker (310) 836-3436

—nu-

Yang (800) GC) VARIG Vasp (310) 364-0160 Arts & Crafts Bakari Art Studio (213) 938-0523 Folk Creations (310) 693-2844 Uniquely Brazil - Folk (818) 458-1474 Zebi Designs (310) 391-6530 Auto Repair Cosmo Auto Parts (213) 259-9818 JoAo Fontes (310) 396-6690 Pit Stop - Oficina do ha (310) 643-6666 Banks Banco do Brasil (213) 688-2996 Catering Joy's Catering (310) 438-3415 Rend Vila Real (818) 280-0061 Clothes Samba (310) 983-9190 52

Clubs & Associations Centro Cultural Gaiicho (213) 256-6548 Clube Bras. da Calif.

(714) 857-6764 MILA - Samba School (310) 391-6098 .

SambaLa -Esc. de Samba (310) 983-9190 Computer Henriques - Maintenance (818) 767-5153 Consu ate Brazilian Consulate (213) 651-2664 Dentists Gilberto Henriques (213) 464-0524 Jose Carlos D. Polido (714) 642-0112 Events Promotion Brazilian Nites Prod.

(818) 566-1111 Pegasus - Parties& Ent. (818) 549-0383 Ricardo Gehr (818) 831-0992 The Rio Thing (818) 753-4932 Food & Products Brazilian Market (310) 827-9139 Hair Menage 0 Trois (310) 278-4430 Import Export Brazil "R" US (310) 607-9771 Instruction Brasil Brasil Cull Ctr (310) 397-3667 Modern Lang. Center (310) 839-8427 Music Bossa Nova - Georgia (818) 891-0912 Braz. Jazz /AllOccasions (310) 839-3788 Jazz - Richard Samuels (818) 798-5424 Physician Paulo Coliarte (310) 285-9670 Decio Rangel (310) 828-7454 Ingrid Rodi - Gynec.

(310) 451-8144 Nilson A. Santos (213) 483-3430 Psychot erapy Elizabeth Almeida M.A. (310) 281-7536 Pub ications News from Brazil '(213) 255-4953 Restaurants & Cafes Bosse Nova (310) 657-5070 Brazilian Tropical (714) 720-1522

By Brazil (310) 787-7520 Café Brasil (310) 837-8957 Copacabana (213) 467-3415 Pan Handler (714) 970-5826 Rio Grande (818) 376-0202 Yolk s Brazilian Steak (714) 251-0722 Zabuntha (310) 841-6525 Translation n erp.

Brazilian Int. Affairs (310) 854-5881 Tocantins Communic.

(818) 343-4451

Travel/Tour Around the World Trl. (800) 471-6333 Brazil Tours (818) 767-1200 Cheviot Hills Travel (310) 202-6264 F & H -Hotel Repres.

(800) 544-5503 Heliview - Helitopter (805)297-3691

Transbrasil (800) 872-3153 yang (800) 468-2744 Vasp (800) 732-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (305) 358-3586 Banco Nacional (305) 372-0100 Banco Real (305) 358-2433 Banespa (305) 358-9167 C ubs & • ssociations ABFC -As. Bras. da FlOr. (407) 354-5200 Cam. Corn. Brasil- EUA (305) 579-9030 ARARA - Amazon. As. (813) 842-3161 Consulate Consulado do Brasil (305) 285-6200 Dentists Arnaldo Souza (305) 595-3238 Hedimo de Si (305) 262-8212 Food & Beverages All Braz. Imp. & Exp. (305) 523-8134 Via Brasil (305) 866-7718 Physicians Dr. Jorge Mated° (305) 271-7311 Dr. Mario Sanches (305) 541-7819 Dr. Neri Franzon (305) 772-4694 Pub 'cations Florida Review (305) 374-5235 Restaurants Brazilian Tropicana (305) 781-1113 Brazilian Delight (305) 374-0032 Brazilian Pie (305) 866-11)01 Cheese Bread House (305) 443-5358 Gula Gula (305) 532-3636 ravel Agencies Atlantictur (800) 535-0942 Brazilian Wave (305) 561-3788 BTB Tours (800) BRASIL-4 Discover Brazil Tours

(800) 5.4-3666 Euroamerica (305) 358-3003 International Tours (800) 822-1318 Luma Travel (305) 374-8635 Monark Travel (305) 374-5855

New Port Tours (305) 372-5007 Venture Travel (305) 379-7678 Via Brasil Travel (305) 866-7580

New York New Jersey Logo-Brazilian Books (800) 727-LUSO C ubs & Associations Brazilian Ch. of Corn.

(212) 575-9030 Brazilian Corn. Bureatil (212) 916-3200 Brazilian Trade Bur. (212) 224-6280 Consulate Brazilian Gen. Cons.

(212) 757-3080 Food & Pro ucts Amazonia (718) 204-1521 Coisa Nossa (201) 578-2675 Merchant Express (201) 589-5884 Pu ications Brazilian Voice (201) 955-1137 News from Brazil (718) 746-0169 Portugal-Brasil News (212) 228-2958 The Brasilians (212) 382-1630 Restaurants Brasilia (212) 869-9200 Brazil 2000 (212) 877-7730 Berezina PtivittlOtt (212) 758-8129 Cabana Carioca (212) 581-8088 Indigo Blues (212) 221-0033 S.0.11.

(212) 243-4940 rave gencies Barb Tour Service (201) 313-0996 International Sandfly (718) 699-2900 Mystical Destinations (718) 956-1630 Nascente Travel (718) 545-0608 Odyssea Travel Servile (212) 826-3019 Santos Dumont Int. (212) 764-5680

San Diego t orney Ivan Porto (800) 314-4826 Clubs & Associations Clube Bras. San Diego (619) 295-0842 Sunday Night Cl. Brazil (619) 222-6911 Import/Export Brazil Imports (619) 234-3401 oney Remittance Vigo-California (619) 479-V1GO

San Francisco Area Airlines yang (415) 986-5737 Vasp (800) 732-VASP Attorney Ralph Baker (510) 444-8100 Auto Repair

Printing

Nelson Auto Repair (415) 673-6868 Malts Auto Body (415) 565-3560 Banks Banco do Brasil (415) 398-4814 Beauty Salon Bibbo (415) 421-BIBO Carmen's International (415) 433-9441 Dalven Hair Design (415) 433-7646 Neyde's (415) 681-5355 Bike Repair West Bike (415) 241-9125 Clubs RA.S.O. (415) 661-2788 Bay Area Brasilian Club (415) 334-0106 Computer Micronet (415) 665-1994 Brazilian Consulate (415) 981-8170 Dance Instruction Aquarela (510) 548-1310 Brazil Culture & Arts (510) 215-8202 Ginga Brasil (510) 428-0698 Escola Nova de Samba (415) 661-4798 Samba do Coracio (415) 826-2588 Samba, Swing & Suor (415) 282-7378 Dental Care Roberto Sales, DDS (510) 451-8315 Food Brazilian Coffee Dist.

(415) 648-5966 California Produce (415) 586-6200 HGC Imp. Wholesale (408) 947-8511 Instruction Portuguese - A. Frame (510) 339-9289 Portuguese Lang. Serv.

(415) 587-4990 Money Remittance Via Brazil (415) 673-0262 Vigo (415) 863-0218 West Brazil (415) 695-9258 Music Fogo na Roupa (510) 635-8406

Marcos Silva (510) 945-0138 Terra Sul (415) 752-9782 Viva Brazil (415) 342-8508 Voz do Brazil (415) 586-2276 Musical Instruments Tamborim & Samba (415) 871-2201 Physician Dr. Guilherme Salgado (415) 832-6219 M. C. Printing (510) 268-8967 Publications Brazil Today (510) 223-5190 News from Brazil (415) 648-5966 Restaurants Bahia Brazilian Rest.

(415) 626-3306 Café do Brasil (415) 626-6432 Café Mardi Gras (415) 864-6788 Canto do Brasil (415) 626-8727 Little Rio (415) 441-3344 Michelangelo Café (415) 986-4058 Nino's (510) 845-9303 Taqueria Goyaz (415) 821-4600 Soccer Sunset Soccer Supply (415) 753-2666 Translation Port. Lang. Services (415) 587-4990 Raimundo Franco (415) 285-8364 Travel Agencies Rio Roma (415) 921-3353 Santini Tours (510) 843-2363 Tucanos Travel (415) 454-9961

Airlines Transbrasil (202) 775-9180 \Twig (202) 331-8913 Vasp (202) 822-8277 Banks Banco do Brasil (202) 857-0320 Banco do Est. de S. Paulo (202) 682-1151 Clubs & Associations Braz. Am. Cult. Inst.

(2(2) 362-8334 Inst. of Brazil. Business (202) 994-5205 Embassy Embaixada do Brasil

(202) 745-2700 Travel Agencies Intern. Discount Travel (703) 750-0101 Washington Travel (703) 527-6977 NEVVS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995

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PHONE & FAX: (310) 542-9594 NEWS from BRAZIL - MARCH 1995 53

ight decades abolition of Brazil for ientists to ussing and evidence of riaquality in the in( Here's a etife contribution fr) 'ffitr: till incipient zffrJrf• 15. a p rofewor„ of Gem= rnmenrat ' ifvfst-lity of Inas. He f Brazil,and felt is to b a black "land of racial equali y.

GEORGE HANCHARD,

Orpheus and Power, The Movi; mento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and Silo Paulo, Brazil, 1945-1988,

Michael George Hanchard, Princeton University Press, 204 pp., 1994

AN EXCERPT

The 1988 commemoration of abolition in Brazil was the single most important event for the movitnento negro in the post-World War II era, for two reasons. It was the first time that the manifold forms of racial inequality against Afro-Brazilians became a principal theme in national debate. For Afro-Brazilians, the events of the abolition represented one of the few times in the postwar period when Afro-Brazilians undertook collective action against state practices, both discursive and nondiscursive, and commonsensical attitudes in civil society about the history and ongoing legacy of Afro-Brazilian oppression.

Commemorative celebrations in multiracial societies are often contestations over national identity; dominant groups stretch the mythical canvas of "national unity" to include representations of subordinate groups; subordinate groups contest myths of national unity that the state presides over. The 1988 centennial celebration of abolition in Brazil contained these dynamics in the relations between representatives of the Brazilian government and those of AfroBrazilian communities.

The events of 1988 brought forth several contradictions of Brazilian racial politics. In micropolitical terms it exposed the Afro-Brazilian movement's struggles to define itself in relation to Brazilian society, and ultimately, in relation to its own history as a movement.

At the macrolevel, tensions existed between white elite strategies to "manage" the tone and force of the commemorations and tactics employed by leaders of the movimento negro to disrupt the continuity of "national" memory in the events of o centenririo. What became obvious after the yearlong events of 1988 is that national, collective memory is plural, full of internal contradictions, and often revealing what members of dominant and subordinate groups choose to forget as well as remember.

What they remembered — and what they chose to publicly forget — was invariably bound up with their perceived relation to Brazil's past, whether as descendants of Italian immigrants or the great-grandchildren of former slaves.

This resulted in a third, discursive tension within Brazilian racial politics, between an eroding myth of racial democracy and the emergence of competing political discourses about race, inequality, and power in contemporary Brazil. While the myth of

NEWS from BRAZIL. - FEBRUARY 1995

racial democracy and the ideology of racial exceptionalism has been greatly eroded, it has not been yet supplanted by a new "common sense," as the recounting of the following events in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo make clear.

underlying debates about racial inequality in Brazil.

This emergent discourse was precipitated largely by a new generation of Brazilian as well as non-Brazilian historians and social scientists in the 1960s, who questioned the premises of racial democracy and previous asThe Centennial and The sumptions about the moral and cultural economies of Brazilian slave Harnessed March: A Commemoration of Subordination systems. Brazilian activists, mostly black, also helped in the creation of "The heart of Brazil would not be this new perspective. Representative the same without the contribution of figures from both the activist and African culture, arts, and dances. Our scholarly communities in Brazil were ability to overcome adversity and our participants in the events of o happiness undoubtedly comes from centenario, as were private business organizations and institutions. From Africa." state and civilian-sponsored events Former President Jose Sarney 's alike, the centennial projected the comments mark the paradoxes inher- image of the "great refusal" of tradient in common and official construc- tional historiography on Brazilian rations of the African contribution to cial politics.

As I have noted in a cross-national Brazilian culture. Afro-Brazilians have always fit neatly within Brazil- assessment of the role of national ian social mythology as the "heart" of commemorations in multiracial sociBrazil, filled with passion, emotion eties, celebrations of national life, and sensuality. The work of the mind which often seek to suspend racial antagonisms and inequalities for the was someone else's responsibility.

The excerpt from Sarney 's open- sake of national harmony, often highing speech touched upon the most light extant relations of inequality important facets of the paternalistic, between dominant and subordinate patron-client relations between whites racial groups. What distinguishes Bra4 and Afro-Brazilians. The adversity zil from other racially heterogeneous that Sarney refers to suggests black societies is the relative infrequency resistance to slavery and the now of public debate regarding the nexus quasi-national hero Zumbi of the of racial-national identity.

Its occurrence in 1988 exempli; Palmares quilombo. Happiness translates the archetypical "happy negro" fled the multivalent conflicts over the or negress, known for their exuber- meaning of racial discrimination in ance in most colonial and slaveholding Brazil, as well as proof that however societies in North and South America. small, Afro-Brazilian resistance to Even in celebration, Sarney's com- prevailing interpretations of their hismentary is a synopsis of the hierarchi- tory and identity in Brazil does exist. cal, cultural functionalism of Brazil- In general, the movimento negro' s response to o centenario was a poliian racial hegemony.

Ironically, the centennial com- tics of confrontation, exposure, makmemoration signified a radical shift ing explicit what was once implicit.

Also exposed, in an unprecedented in the manner in which Brazilians discussed the topic of race. In the manner, were three tensions in the years preceding the centennial, the movimento negro, present since the ideology of racial democracy, with its 1970s. The first is the relation bepresumption of harmony between ra- tween black elites and the cultural cial groups, discouraged the very type apparatuses of municipal and national of racial discourse promoted in 1988. governance. Afro-Brazilian protest in The tenor and complexity of po- the late 1970s and early 1980s led to litical discourse in Brazil amplified the creation of accessories and comwith the return to civilian rule in mittees in Rio de Janeiro and Sao 1986, and race was just one of several Paulo to mediate relations between topics that were part of the process of the state and black activists. During o political amplification. Racial preju- centenario, black activists who asdice and oppression were components sumed positions in these adjunct of a more comprehensive national dia- organizations were confronted with logue regarding cidadania or citizen- the choice of either maintaining poship. "How can Brazilians begin to litical space within the state on behalf talk to each other as citizens if there is of the black community or rejecting no civil society?" was the question those spaces altogether. The latter

choice risked continued exclusion of demands made by Afro-Brazilians on policy agendas at a municipal, state, or federal level.

This quandary reappeared in various debates, panel discussions, marches, and countermarches during the commemoration of o centenario.

Blacks who had recently assumed roles as state-appointed or elected representatives were criticized by activists outside the state gambit for their attempts to mediate events. The ebb and flow of state "mediators" and "authentic" black activists was the second major tension highlighted by the remembrance of abolition.

The third tension concerns the "authentic" activists, those who contested the motivations behind the national appropriation of Abolicilo.

Many of these activists chose not to partake in the official presentation of events, or did so only to subvert them.

As a reading of several crucial events will show, the state was quite hostile to all forms of commemorative subversion. Attempts to reverse the order of the dominant-subordinate equation were met with verbal condemnation, and in some instances, physical reprisal.

The three tensions help outline the course through which macrofocused activities of the state in the realm of "culture" were received and worked upon by diverse segments of the Afro-Brazilian community. The tensions are also trace elements for origins of confrontation between state apparatuses and Afro Brazilian activists, and between activist tendencies within civil society.

The centennial celebration of Aboliciio and Zumbi were major cultural events in both Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, as well as in other parts of Brazil. Both were public testaments to the significant contributions of Afro-Brazilians to national culture and economic development and served purposes that extended far beyond the objects of commemoration. Samba schools, nationally renowned politicians and celebrities, sports figures, as well as local activists and community groups took part in the activities related to the event.

The abolishment of slavery in Brazil on 13 May 1888 was considered a far more significant date in AfroBrazilian history than 20 November, which commemorates the death of Zumbi, the principal symbol of resistance in Afro-Brazilian culture. "In 1987 the black movement decided to concentrate their forces on a critique

of the official day [of abolition] and spectacle of the unresolved issue of program marches for 13 May in all labor in Brazil,. its economic exploitation and its political consequences. capitals in Brazil.

While 20 November signified na- The centennial spectacle, embalmed tional black consciousness day to most within a history in which a very good activists, 13 May represented the na- princess saved the blacks from tional day to combat racism. For most senorial hell, will be feted this week' white and government officials, in mummified ceremonies which run Schwarcz (1989) noted an ambience the risk of not knowing what occurred of guilt that pervaded their participa- until 1888, in order to avoid the know ltion in many events. White participa- edge of what is occurring today. tion in a comemoraccio suggests a Supported by a panoply of statiscommon memory shared between white and nonwhite Brazilians. Yet tics, the Veja article was one of countcommon memory, like Gramsci's no- less articles and presentations by comtion of common sense, is invariably mercial mass mediums that took up plural. When infused with the dynam- the banner held by social activists and ics of power and inequality, the memo- radical historians twenty years previries that constitute common (i.e., na- ously. The purpose of this, it seemed, tional) memory are related but dis- was to denude conventional intertinct. Thus the central issue for an pretations of Abolition and slavery, understanding of shared memory in which presented Abolition as the usher the case of the centennial celebration of a new era of racial and socioecois not the commonality between so- nomic relations and portrayed Brazilcially distinct groups, but the ways in ian slavery as the least harsh in the which their distinctive memories func- New World.

In another example of the use of tion in response to social inequalities the centennial as a vehicle for this past and present.

"Shared" memory in multiracial new, official critique, an editorial in a or multiethnic politics is clearly a Paulista Catholic church magazine power-laden process. Simply put, one Sem Fronteiras presents Aboliceio as may share a loaf of bread with another a juncture from which to view the past and only relinquish one or two slices as well .as the present: rather than half the loaf; sharing does Upon completing the century with not automatically mean equality of opportunity or access to distributed the symbolic gesture of Princess resources. Providing or "sharing" re- Isabel, nearly everyone prefers to sources is a power-laden facility. It wash their hands of the previous places those who initiate a dialogue crimes. Few confess to their complicof sharing with the responsibility of ity with the sins of the past, sins which distribution and allocation, of provid- exist today. Whoever does not undering one interpretation of a historical stand the links with the past will also moment and not another, and pre- not understand the slavery of today, sumes a need or desire on the part of shackling 60 million blacks, and not the recipient for this act of incorpora- only blacks but the majority ofBrazilian people, condemned to live at the tion.

The reasons for participation in margin of social life due to the arrothe events of 13 May differed as widely gance of today's powerful, direct deas the participants themselves. Some scendants andcontinuers ofthe crimes took part in the events out of a sense of the men of yesterday. of national duty. Others claimed that The above quotes reflect the decithe commemorations were proof that Brazilians, regardless of racial differ- sive shift of positions and sensibiliences, were coming together. Still ties regarding "the social problem" in others formed discussions and events Brazil. Unlike any previous celebrato question the need for celebration, tion of Abolictio, the centennial had a given the continuing plight of Brazil- national character, with an expressed concern for the "social" inequalities ian blacks.

The overarching sentiment was a in Brazil. Yet absent from the above recognition of the past and present quotes, and from most events tied to marginality of black Brazilian exist- the centennial, was a discussion of ence, best expressed in lieja, the racial prejudice as an ongoing proBrazilian equivalent of Time maga- cess in the structuring of social inzine in the United States: equalities.

The quotes also expose the culThe Centennial of Abolition is, tural logic of the yearlong "celebraabove all, an invitation to observe the tion." The centennial provided a fo-

rum for white recognition of glaring social inequalities past and present, but with an overwhelming emphasis on the past. In keeping with the political culture of racial dynamics in Brazil, much of the commentary and discussion during the commemoration!" focused on Afro-Brazilian culture, resistance and oppression in the past tense. Afro-Brazilian activists had few forums to engage in debates about contemporary discrimination. Thus a duality emerged that held a congruence between official and activist versions of abolition in one sphere, and a relative silence on more recent asymmetries in another.

In one of the most comprehensive analyses of the yearlong commemoration, Catalogo: Centenario da Aboliccio, a tabulation of events and issues points to similarities between state and civil-oriented emphases of the centennial. According to the data within the catalog, the largest event category was "black culture." Brazilian social anthropologist Yvonne Maggie (1989) posits that this encompassed all events that pondered "the difference between 'blacks' and others" in terms of dance, music, clothing, diet, and other consumptive or commodified rituals.

Out of 1,702 tabulated events in capital cities throughout the country in 1988, 500 were promoted and presented under this heading, the single largest segment of events. Of the 500, 224 were under federal, state and municipal auspices. Sixty-four were backed by the black movement. The second most popular rubric was "blacks today" (295), colloquially understood to be "the marginalization of blacks," which was "the fruit of slavery." The third most operative category was "abolition," with 236 events in capital cities nationwide.

In contrast, the category of race relations had the lowest total for any single category (38). Only the category of "other" had less (36). Of the 38. under the race relations title, 5 were sponsored by the black movement, 13 by federal, state, and municipal authorities. Similarly, the politics category had only 72 events, the second lowest issue-category and the third lowest category overall, exceeding only the "race relations" and "others" categories. Ironically, as Maggie notes, the race relations category "denotes the production of inequalities caused by the contemporary social system."

Two interesting patterns can be culled from this data. First, the three

most employed categories (black cult reotypes about other people our reNo paradise ture, blacks today, and abolition) adae sponses to them often_ cause 'them' to dress social inequalities for blacks behvebm that validatethese erroIARA MORTON that were putatively related to their neouseli beliefs," he adds. prior conditions in slavery, and not The majority of Brazilian black Like many other Brazilians, I people live under the line of poverty d present circumstances and mechaways thought of Brazil as a racial para- have been deprived of adequate educanisms that aided in the reproduction dise,, especially in comparison to tion, decent lobs, decent wages and of America. In regard to blacks. I always the possibility of breaking the chronic of inequalities. The categories that felt proud that we have never had any cycle of misery and violence. In every dealt with contemporary issues were racial riots nor any type of commotion, tacet of Brazilian life, blacks have aIleast cited, and are not among the top such as we often seem the States. Hay-. ways been represented as lazy, less mthree categorizations. Slavery is seen ing married an American and eventually, telli ,ent or criminals. On television, in to live in the United States, I blac .s.s are always seen as servants or in not only as the source of racial incoing equality but as a timeless explanation "- started comprehending and detecting very low Category jobs. I don't recall y racial many ' ever seeing a 5 cm.I issues that exist1 here As an, lack person portraying a for contemporary racial dynamics. amateur 'Social Psychologist' from UCF- professional on TV. the only successful Secondly, among the first three (University of_ California, Irvine), I relack people I can think of are a handful issue-categories, there is a positive cently made an analysis and comparison of musicians, actors and soccer stars, between Brazil and America in regard to even though we have finally elected correlation between events sponsored prejudice, stereotyping and discrimma-. Benedita da Silva as Senator. She is the by the movimento negro with those hon. The conclusions I reached, aided very first black person to hold this post. sponsored by federal, state, and muby the analysis of American social The Brazilian black has a.very low nicipal governments in capital cities. psychologist Elliot Aronson, ended tip. self-esteem and conforms to their plight being a surprise to myself., The three categories most used by without opposition. They tend to be As it happens in the US, isfied with simple pleasures such as governmental entities, those noted population is the result of immigration Carnaval, in which they are the main-, above, are also the three most used by froni all over the world. However, de- j drive, their passion for soccer and some spite the diversity of ethnicity, labels 1 caclzaca (sugar cane liquor) and samba the black movement. The only sigsuch as German-Brazilians, J'apanese- - on the weekends. nificant differences between governBrazilians and the like, have never caught They are So conforming that it is: - mental and black movement sponup nor have we ever had any serious even common to tell demeaning joke sorship occur at the fourth and fifth friction between north and south, about the black race to a black person, positions. For the black movement, 7 whereas the former is heavily African for him to enjoy and laugh along. In the and the latter European. In the largest Police Academy _of Stio Paulo, there is a politics and discrimination occupy I, cities we find Italians, Jews, Germans, positions four and five, respectively, ,ff and the largest community of Japanese big "humorous sign hanging on the wall with the following saying: "A black with no marked decrease in the num- 1 outside of Japan, all getting along very standing is a suspect. ..A 'black running well and intermarrying ber of events sponsored. The fourth is guilty."' , I attribute that to the fact that masThis sort of attitude is .so blatant in most used category under governmen- 4 sive immigration has long since stopped, tal auspices is slavery; the fifth, dis- 1 allowing all the different cultures to 'Brazil that even religious' people and those who consider themselves open crimination. The relatively large nudeeply assimilate the language ' 'minded become blinded by it,-Many deaspects of Brazilian culture; whereasIn - vout Christians, for 'example, explain merical drop off between three and America, immioration still continues'to, the issue of poverty:and homeless -chilfour, and four and five among governthis day, making it more difficult to,. dren, are '-,,blacks, with mental categories, indicates much less break the cycle of isolated ethnic sub-4.-; verse s t.a.k err)frprif'lhe ible 'snch as: state interest in promoting events outgroups being formed. As Elliot Arm Aronson ou.will,e1WaYs'have the poor among side the first four categories. states, "Familiarity that conies with pro- :"' you." They 'sometimes even condone - tact t' ct can poten- their deaths at the ' hands of the police Thus the duality, mentioned ear- ."; longed interracia ;on tially reduce unfair stereotypino and any semi to e unable to see that lier, was sustained through sponsor- 4; pave the way for recognition ofindi- crimeM has nothing to do with . color of'. ship of events that addressed the pres- 4 vidual characteristics. a person's skin. ' In Brazil, we are not taught to hold ence of blacks in Brazil in various Since many Brazilians have been ' our foreign heritage in great esteem.

We' victim crime, the idea arenas, but rarely within the context o fh avir all all came from somewhere and we all, at criminals o f at c 1, children extermiof the twentieth century. It is even a certain point, became Brazilians. Bra- nated is by no means foreign or absurd to more ironic to note, as Maggie does, zil is a melting pot in which the ingredi- them, This 's'ort of attitude confirms ° ents do mix in a more homogeneous Aronson's statement that "once we have similarities between the state's emfashion than America. succeeded hi dehumanizing the victims, phasis on past events in Brazilian race The diversity of ethnicity, the liai- watch-out because it becomes easier to , relations and the revisionist positions 1 ,son between these groups, along with hurt and kill subhunians than to hurt and of Florestan Fernandes and the Sao 1 Atte warmth and the friendship of the human beings."

Paulo school of sociologists. Both ;4people, have always impressed. people kill fellows to me now that the prejudice ' looked toward the past, rather than twho came to visit. Having traveled ei,1-- againS blacks, that exists in Brazil is Atensively around the workl and ex the continuous present. for ex- l'i0enced so many different cultures Y eal-- stronger than it is in America. It is so' subtle, however, that it as passed imno planations of Brazilian racial inequali- .4, ways believed Brazil to be a unique and heed for decades. "Ile segregati hapties — although, perhaps, with differ- :kspecial place in this respect pened in Brazil very "natUrally"°illistead Yet despite all of this, in Brazil the of the "forceful" way it happened in the ' ent motivations. i of classesis absurd — mainly States. In Brazil, when a black person The movimento negro appears to ?dispardy due to a very unfair wealth distribution exce1s ' soniething and mixes with the have followed this path as well. In and a highly corrupt goveniment — and others,beishe is actually very well acSao Paulo, 13 May was a day for the gap continues to widen. For blacks cepted.,13ut the occurrence-of breaking the situation is even worse. The position the•cycleis-still very Tare. internal disputes between segments • , occupied by black people has changed, ,',But thereare good signs of change, of the movimento negro, in addition very little Irom the time of slavery. , p ne. rinie exainsle being Olodum, to being a day of protest against rac"Hie reason we have never had any movement creates in Bahia five years'i,', radical Civil Rights movement nor ism. The march against the "farce" of ago with e intent of celebrating the ots, is simply because the blacks have,: African-Brazilian Heritage of their parabolition was "marked by a clear podeeply internalized the stereotypes that ticipants. In addition to having a world.; litical dispute for internal hegemony. have been assigned to them. According renowned band the movement has also' More than a historical act, what was to Aronson "belief creates reality launched d -When we hold erroneous beliefs or prograirisle ucationa ancl. 1lealth care

in question was the monopoly of words, political words, in the hands of the participants." Schwarcz is here referring to tensions between leaders of Afro-Brazilian religious practices, the black movement, and party politicians who vied for the most visible and commanding presence in the events of the day, including the march: The Unified Black Movement treated the march as a "great protest" against racism in the country and state-sponsored events. The paradox of their "nonevent" was their de facto participation in the march, which left their ritualized mark upon the commemorative events. The state government, which approved of the 13 May march, had done so with the assumption that it was d9ne in homage to the signing of Lei Aurea by Princess Isabel in 1888.

The state secretary of social relations, Oswald() Ribeiro, who considers himself black, intended to lead the march from Largo do Paissandu, a major thoroughfare in the center of Sao Paulo. Members of MNU wanted to lead the march with a banner of protest. After much discussion between state representatives and members of MNU, it was finally decided that the latter would head the march.

MNU members also succeeded in altering the course of the march, as well as making a public declaration against the state's position at the march's end.

Circumstances were quite different in Rio de Janeiro, where differences over the interpretation of the day's march almost led to violence.

Government troops would accept no divergence from the original course and intent of the 11 May march to commemorate the "farce" of abolition, two days before the actual date It began in a manner similar to what occurred in Sao Paulo, tensions among and between various segments of the inoviniento negro. Damasceno and Giacomini, in an ethnographic essay on the march, noted tensions between black nuclei from competing political parties; PT, PDT, PSB, PC do B, and others, and conflicts between several organizations of the nonpartidarian kind within the movement. There were also "institutional divergences and conflicts; some with the state, others against the state, depending upon the moment and the conflict in question."

The original plan for the march was for its participants to walk down President Vargas Avenue, a major street indowntown Rio, past the monu-

ment and tomb of the Duke of Caxias, past the former building of the army ministry, and terminating at Eleventh Square (Praca Onze) which has a statue of Zumbi of Palmares. Caxias, from the slave and plantation-owning class of the previous century, was a patron of the army who fought in the War of Paraguay. Historians have noted that the majority of Brazilian soldiers conscripted for the Paraguayan war were black, as were the overwhelming majority of Brazilian casualties. The historical irony of the 1988 march in front of deceased general's statue was lost upon neither the activists nor the Brazilian government.

The army commander of the western part of the city stated he received information shortly before the march suggesting that the marchers would make hostile gestures in front of the monument and the former army ministry. Consequently, the march was altered immediately before its procession, despite vociferous protest from the nioviinento negro. Hello Saboya, the state secretary of the civil police who had originally approved of the march, was the one who ordered its alteration. In a four-part justification for the change, the western section military commander stated that he had "confirmed informatiou of the intent.. .of activists to utilize the commemorations of the centennial to upset the tranquillity of the city of Rio de Janeiro" and present to its citizens "unpatriotic proposals to create antagonisms, even hate, among brothers of whatever race and color."

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Furthermore, he added in another justification reported in Veja, the activists had the "improper intent of Im some citizens to make Caxias out to â&#x20AC;˘ be a man who condoned slavery."

Under those conditions, the army could not permit "offenses of whatever nature to historical landmarks," " namely the duke's tomb and the old army ministry. Two days later, before the march in Sao Paulo, military police surrounded a statue of the duke to avoid its possible desecration.

Approximately six hundred soldiers and military police blocked the entrance of three thousand participants to President Vargas Avenue.

During the abbreviated march that started late and took less than one hour to complete, "political discussions were not permitted.. party flags had to remain behind the representative flags and banners of black culture." Nevertheless, marchers chanted various slogans of the black movement. They made references to Zumbi, criticized Brazilian racism, and even taunted the black shock troops with chants: "Who represents the majority of the military police? Blacks!" This repressive act highlights the residue of authoritarian political culture in Brazil two years after the return to civilian rule. More specifically, it underscores the limits of expressive freedom for Afro-Brazilian activists even in the "democratic" or democratizing era.

Clearly, the military and civil police in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo were intent on keeping the respective marches "cultural," without racialized, political content.

Most importantly, their actions were informed by the old logic of racial exceptionalism and democracy, not new logics of the commemoration or abertura. This is evidenced in Colonel Saboya's assertions that the activists had "unpatriotic proposals" as justification for the intervention into the march by the state's coercive apparatus. His assertions represent the transposition of logic that is rooted in racial hegemony â&#x20AC;&#x201D; claims of racial mistreatment become calls for racial division or conflict. This too is made obvious by the colonel's assertion that the activists were seeking to foment antagonism and "even hate.. among brothers of whatever race and color."

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