2023 Research Farm Book

2023

BRANDT Research and Development Results

Trial Overview

2023 Climate Data - BRANDT Research Farm April

May

Pleasant Plains

Pleasant Plains

June

July

Pleasant Plains

Pleasant Plains

August

September

Pleasant Plains

Rainfall

2

10.0”

Pleasant Plains

8.0”

6.0”

5.0”

4.0”

3.0”

2.0”

1.5”

1.0”

0.5”

Contents Corn and Soybean Planting Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Soybean Variety Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Corn Hybrid Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Soybean Starter and BRANDT EnzUp Trial . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Nitrogen Timing and Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Soybean Inoculation + Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Continuous Corn Nitrogen Rate x MicroSURGE . . . . . . . 13

Soybean Foliar Nutrition to BRANDT Smart System . . . 37

Talc USA Planter Box Inoculants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2019 - 2022 Multi-Location BRANDT Smart System Trials on Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . 38

- Community Trial MicroSURGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - Third Party Replicated Corn Inoculant Trials . . . . . . . 15 Skip-Row Solar Corridor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Corn BRANDT EnzUp Trials - Corn Response to BRANDT EnzUp P DS . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 - BRANDT EnzUp Zn with Starter Fertilizer . . . . . . . . 20 - Third Party BRANDT EnzUp Zn & BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 - BRANDT Community Trial with BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - On-Farm Trial: Split-Planter EnzUp SeedFlow Zn . . . 23 Zinc Plays an Important Role in Corn Production . . . . . 24 Early Vegetative Foliar Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Progressive Foliar x Plant Population x Row Spacing . 28 Boron in High-Yield Corn Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Corn Yield Response to Boron at VT/R1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Purdue University BRANDT Smart K B Trials . . . . . . . . . 31

2023 Weather in Pleasant Plains Precipitation (in)

Avg Air Temp (°F)

100

1.8

90

1.6

80

1.4

70

1.2

60

1.0

50

0.8

40

0.6

30

0.4

20

0.2

10 9/28

9/21

9/14

9/7

8/31

8/24

8/17

8/10

8/3

7/27

7/20

7/13

7/6

6/29

6/22

6/15

6/8

6/1

5/25

5/18

5/11

5/4

4/27

4/20

4/13

4/6

0 precip. (in)

3/30

0 temp (°F)

Weather maps can be found at: https://water.weather.gov/precip/ Water and Atmospheric Resources Monitoring Program. Illinois Climate Network. (2015). Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61820-7495. https://dx.doi.org/10.13012/J8MW2F2Q

3

Trial Overview

2023 BRANDT Research Results As we look to 2024, we will expand on the base findings from years past and incorporate new products and practices as the

We are pleased to release the 2023 BRANDT research results to you, our customers, partners and colleagues. This year’s results are a collaboration of trials and insights from the BRANDT Research Farm, BRANDT Community Trials and Third-Party Cooperators. Our goal every year is to refine products and practices and make new discoveries that make our customers

industry is continuously improving.

Last, we are excited to see the Evelyn Brandt Thomas Ag Innovation Center at the Pleasant Plains, IL BRANDT Research Farm moving along through construction. This facility will increase our research and partnerships that, ultimately, benefit our customers.

more profitable.

Positive trends that have been established and proven were present again in 2023, such as early planting date, fall nitrogen, ATS, early season nutrition and season-long nutrition management with crop protection applications. A couple of highlights on corn this year were early season zinc (Zn) nutrition, specifically our new planter box option, BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn and the combination of BRANDT Smart K B with a fungicide application. On soybean, seed treatments continue to provide early plant health and vigor; also, season-long foliar management with nutrition and crop protection into the early reproductive stages yielded a return on investment.

BRANDT Research Farm Team Brian Haschemeyer - VP BRANDT Discovery & Innovation Eric Winans, Ph.D. - Research Farm Manager, Technical Agronomist Tom Kimes - Operations Manager, Research Farm Steve Clement – Technical Systems Advisor

We experienced some weather extremes, which have become more frequent. Periods of heavy rainfall proceeded a lengthy period of almost no rain. The research farm mostly missed the extreme wind event that hit hard throughout parts of central Illinois. These extremes provide learning experiences as we test ways to best manage through challenging climate scenarios.

9

10

11

12

n Corn Foliar Trials n BRANDT Smart System

n Corn Solar Maximization

n High-Yield Corn Acre

n Short Corn Management

n Corn Nitrogen Timing

n B and Fungicide Timing

n Skip Row

n C/C vs C/S

n Continuous Corn

n 20” vs 30”

n BRANDT Rezadone

n 20” vs 30”

n N-Serve vs Centuro

n Foliar Nutrition

n Planter Box

n 42K vs 50K

n Pre vs Split

n Foliar Micros & Stimulants

n Starter

n No-Till vs Strip-Till vs

n BRANDT EnzUp P DS

n Foliar Timing

n Fall NH

3

vs Spring 28%

Conventional

n Strip-Till vs Conventional

1

2 n Corn Foliar Stimulant

4

3 n C/C DKC Hybrids

4 n C/C DKC Hybrids

n N Rate x MicroSURGE

Trial Overview

BRANDT Discovery and Innovation Team

BRANDT Agronomic Services Team

Brian Haschemeyer - VP BRANDT Discovery & Innovation

Kyle McClelland - Seed and Technical Agronomy Manager

Eric Winans, Ph.D. - Research Farm Manager, Technical Agronomist

Brian Dintelmann - Technical Agronomist

Tom Kimes - Operations Manager, Research Farm

Derek Rapp - Technical Agronomist

Ed Corrigan - Technical Agronomist, Midwest

Steve Clement - Technical Systems Advisor

Brad Walker - Technical Agronomist, Great Plains Brad Bergefurd - Technical Agronomist, Eastern Corn Belt Greg Jackson - Technical Agronomist, East Coast and Delta John Weber - Crop Protectant Manager, Technical Agronomist, PNW Raquel Gomez - Technical Agronomist, West Coast Natalie Starich - Technical Data Specialist Freddy Rosas - Research Associate, West Coast

The marks BRANDT, BRANDT Smart Trio, Battleground, EnzUp, Sequestar and Smart System are registered trademarks of BRANDT Consolidated, Inc. All other trademarks, product names and company names that appear on this document are the property of their respective owners or licensees, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by BRANDT Consolidated, Inc.

13

14

15

16

n High-Yield

Soybean Acre

n Soybean Optimization

n BRANDT

n 20” vs 30”

Rezadone

n 80, 100, 120, 140, &

n Planter Box n Foliar Micros &

Stimulants

n Short Corn Management n 1st Year Corn

160K

n 20” vs 30”

n Progressive Fungicide,

n 42K vs 50K

BRANDT Smart Trio & BRANDT Smart K B

n Starter

n BRANDT

EnzUp P DS

n Corn Spacing x Pop n 20” vs 30”

n Soybean Planting Date

n Starter x Zn Response

n Planter Box Treatments

n Nodule Enhancement

n Corn Planting Date

n Starter x Zn Response

n Planter Box Treatments

n N-Fixers

n 36, 40, 44, & 48K n Progressive Foliar

n Foliar Timing

n No-Till vs

Conventional

5

6

n Asgrow Varieties

7

n Asgrow Varieties

8

n C/S DKC Hybrids

n C/S DKC Hybrids

n Battleground Seed

Treatment

5

Planting

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn and Soybean Planting Date Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL 2023 Planting Date Trials: ■

Corn yields were maximized in 2023 when planted on March 30, yielding 49.8 bu/ac more than corn planted on May 11 when ATS was applied.

■

The application of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) at planting was most responsive at the March 30 planting date, increasing yield by 40.1 bu/ac. ATS has consistently increased corn yields at the research farm when planted early due to lack of sulfur mineralization in cooler soils. Additionally, ATS lowers the pH near the band of application making other elements like zinc more plant available.

■

Minimal yield differences were observed between soybean planting dates in 2023 with the highest yield produced by the April 26 planted crop. The air temperature dropped below 30°F at the research farm on April 7 and April 24 including light frost damage to the cotyledons of the March 30 planted soybean.

2023 Corn Planting Date Study: Corn planted every two weeks from March 30 to May 11.

■

2023 Soybean Planting Date Study:

At each planting date, corn was evaluated for its yield response to 10 gal ATS applied 2x0 at planting.

2023 Corn Planting Date Trials

■ Soybean planted every two weeks from March 30 to May 11.

2023 Soybean Planting Date Trials

None 300

100

■

ATS

278.6

250

265.6 264.1

238.5

262.3 255.6

231.2

83.6

85.1

89.9

80

83.0

228.8

200

60

150 40

100 20

50 0 bu/ac

30-Mar

13-Apr

26-Apr

11-May

Notes: Previous crop: Soybean; Planting date: variable; Hybrid: DKC6434RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as spring 28%; Starter: 2.5 gal/ac BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

6

0 bu/ac

30-Mar

13-Apr

26-Apr

11-May

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: variable; Variety: AG35XF1; Planting rate: 120,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Starter: 2.5 gal/ac BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; V3 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; R3 foliar: Fungicide, Insecticide, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio; R5 foliar: insecticide.

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Planting

Pleasant Plains Research Farm Historical Planting Data: ■

Historical planting date data from the research farm shows that corn and soybean both follow a similar yield decline as planting date is delayed.

■

Soybean tended to benefit more than corn from being planted within the last two weeks of March and first week of April. Soybean can be more resilient than corn in cooler planting conditions and do not always require a perfect stand like corn to maximize yield.

■

On average, for both corn and soybean, 95% of maximum yield was achieved if planted by April 26, 90% of maximum yield was achieved if planted by May 7, and 80% of maximum yield was achieved if planted by May 29. However, the variance in yield potential drastically increased as planting date was delayed.

Pleasant Plains Research Farm Historical Planting Date: Planting date yield data from 2016-2022 for corn and soybean shown as percent of maximum yield.

Pleasant Plains Research Farm Historical Planting Data

■

Corn 100

Soybean

90 80 70 60 50 40 yield % of max

15-Mar

30-Mar

14-Apr

29-Apr

14-May

29-May

13-Jun

7

Corn

BRANDT Corn Production Base Applications The BRANDT base applications reflect a high yield management recommendation that can be implemented in parts or as a whole to fit within a grower’s current program. Applications for 2023 were: ■

Conventional fall tillage

■

25-75-150 suspension in fall with BRANDT Rezadone™

■

Fall NH3 with N-Serve – 160 lbs N/ac

■

10 gal/ac Ammonium Thiosulfate (ATS, 12-0-0-26S) at planting (2x0)

■

2.5 gal/ac 5-12-0 in-furrow

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn planter box treatment

■

44,000 plants/ac

■

Pre-emergent herbicide

■

Post herbicide with 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart Trio® and 1 pt/ac BRANDT Smart B-Mo

■

Fungicide, insecticide, 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart K B, and 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart Trio V12-R1

We have illustrated the production practices as they relate to application timing. Please note how many important decisions are made before and at planting.

Early Vegetative Foliar Nutrition

Nitrogen Timing and Source

pg. 24-29

pg. 12

Hybrid Response pg. 10-11

Nitrogen Rate pg. 13

Planting Date pg. 6-7

Seed Applied Solutions pg. 13-15

BRANDT EnzUp pg. 18-23

Population and Row Spacing pg. 28

COVER CROP/ TILLAGE

8

NPK

VE

V1

V2

V4

V8

Corn

Top 5 Corn Insights 1. Highest corn yields continue to be achieved with early planting dates, and the response to ATS and starter fertilizer is greatest when planting early into cooler soils.

2. Nitrogen was best managed when banded beneath the future crop row in the fall and protected with a nitrification inhibitor. Soil moisture was not adequate to sufficiently move sidedressed nitrogen to the rooting zone.

3. Zinc application through the planter box, in-furrow, or early foliar all had positive impacts on yield.

4. Early fungicide and foliar nutrition helped prime the plant to better withstand the drought conditions through midvegetative stages.

5. Season-long foliar management was a viable tool for addressing transient nutrient deficiencies during periods of peak demand, especially in dry soil condition and at high plant populations.

Foliar Boron and Crop Protection pg. 28-31

V12

VT

R1

R2

R4

R6

9

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn Hybrid Comparison Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Summary: ■

Hybrid selection is a crucial decision that requires careful consideration of trait packages, agronomic performance, and pest resistance.

■

Among the hybrids tested at the Pleasant Plains research farm in 2023, the yield difference between the top and lowest performing hybrids was 55.9 bu/ac in 1st year corn and 37.3 bu/ac in continuous corn.

■

Averaged across the common hybrids in both the 1st year and continuous corn trials, the response to rotation was 9.5 bu/ac in 2023.

■

The top performing hybrids at Pleasant Plains were DKC68-35RIB, DKC67-37RIB, CP5497VT2P, B14R22Q, and DKC66-06RIB, all yielding above 270 bu/ac on rotated ground.

DEKALB Hybrids – 1st Year Corn 300

DKC67-94RIB

282.3

270.1

DKC67-37RIB

266.1

277.9

DKC66-18RIB

DKC114-99RIB

266.0

DKC65-95RIB

266.1

DKC64-21RIB

DKC66-06RIB

263.2

DKC114-99RIB

262.6

272.4

269.9

DKC64-22RIB

DKC62-70RIB

257.6

238.9

DKC111-35RIB

233.8

240.3

226.4

DKC59-82RIB

258.3

255.0

DKC108-64RIB

200

247.1

250

150

DKC68-35RIB

DKC117-78RIB

DKC113-83RIB

DKC110-41RIB

50

DKC110-10RIB

100

0 bu/ac

DEKALB Hybrids – Continuous Corn 300

255.8

239.3

262.0

249.1

DKC66-06RIB

265.6

248.6

DKC66-04RIB

DKC62-69RIB

255.7

249.7

DKC111-35RIB

DKC115-33RIB

245.6

DKC111-33RIB

259.1

251.2

DKC110-10RIB

DKC65-84RIB

251.4

DKC59-81RIB

256.0

246.7

DKC108-64RIB

228.8

243.9

DKC107-33RIB

227.9

200

248.7

250

150

DKC119-30RIB

DKC68-48RIB

DKC68-34RIB

DKC67-94RIB

DKC67-37RIB

DKC62-70RIB

50

DKC105-33RIB

100

0 bu/ac

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/25/2023; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lb N/ac as fall NH3; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

10

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

BRANDT Community Trial Hybrid Comparison Location: 19 Total Central IL Plot Locations Summary: ■

In the Community Trials, the average difference between the top and lowest performing hybrids was 34.3 bu/ac in the south and 32.7 bu/ac in the north.

■

Plant health hybrids preformed the best in 2023 across the central Illinois area.

BRANDT Corn Community Trial Plot Average – South DEKALB

Brevant

Croplan

260

254.0

250

241.4

240.6

DKC67-94RIB

TRECEPTARIB

TRECEPTARIB

VT2PRIB

DKC66-06RIB

CP5588VT2P

VT2PRIB

AcreMax (AM)

CP5497VT2P

GENVT2PRIB

B14H38AM

DKC64-22RIB

AcreMax (AM)

242.2

245.2

B13K20AM

249.2

245.3

VT2PRIB

GENVT2PRIB

AcreMax (AM)

GENVT2PRIB

CP5208VT2P

DKC111-35RIB

B10H24AM

219.7 DKC62-70RIB

239.6

GENSSRIB

bu/ac

GENVT2PRIB

200

234.7 DKC110-10RIB

210

DKC59-82RIB

220

233.4

230

231.7

231.5

240

■

In the 12 BRANDT South Community Trials, DKC 66-06RIB, CP5497VT2P and B13K20AM rounded out the top 3.

■

Average of 12 Locations in the south (Raymond, Franklin, Auburn, Williamsville x2, New Berlin, Mt. Auburn x2, Niantic, Oakford, Lincoln, and Ashland)

BRANDT Corn Community Trial Plot Average - North DEKALB

Brevant

Croplan

280

267.2 243.4

243.3

255.7

262.3

266.3 248.2

DKC 66-06RIB

DKC 65-84RIB

B14H38Q

DKC 64-22RIB

B13K20Q

CP 5320SSPRO

DKC 62-69RIB

B10Y21Q

DKC 110-10RIB

DKC 59-82RIB

CP 4930DGVT2P

DKC 108-64RIB

244.8 DKC 111-35RIB

256.1

247.7

235.4

234.4

200

241.4 CP 4652SSPRO

220

240.8 DKC 56-26RIB

240

243.3

260

180 bu/ac

■

In the 7 BRANDT North Community trials, DKC66-06RIB, CP5320SSPRO and DCK64-22RIB rounded out the top 3.

■

Average of 7 Locations in the north (Fairbury, Monticello, Lexington, Cropsey, Gridley x2 and Towanda)

11

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Nitrogen Timing and Source Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Summary: ■

To maximize yield potential, the corn crop requires a significant amount of N available in the soil near the row once the nodal root system begins to develop.

■

Nitrogen stabilizers or split applications of N can be used to better time the availability of applied N with crop demand in-season.

■

All nitrogen treatments produced similar yields except when applying all the N between the rows at the time of planting.

■

With the dry weather following planting in 2023, it is suspected that there was insufficient soil moisture to move N to the roots when applied between the crop rows.

Treatments: ■

All treatments were balanced for 160 lbs N/ac.

■

Fall: NH3 band injected directly below the future crop row with N-Serve (1 qt/ac) or Centuro (5 gal/ton).

■

Spring: UAN-28 applied with coulter directly between the rows with Anvol (0.75 qt/ton) immediately following planting.

■

Sidedress: UAN-28 applied with coulter directly between the rows with Anvol (0.75 qt/ton) at the V4 growth stage.

Treatment

Yield (bu/ac)

233.6

160 lbs N Spring 28%

220.1

100 lbs N Spring 28% + 60 lbs N sidedress

226.9

120

90

118

100 lbs N Fall NH3 with N-Serve + 60 lbs N sidedress

4

232.7

NH4

102

160 lbs N Fall NH3 with N-Serve

NO3 150

33

233.2

26

160 lbs N Fall NH3 with Centuro

Nitrogen Availability at Planting

81

60

30

4 12

0 ppm

0N

100 N N-Serve

160 N N-Serve

160 N Centuro

Nitrogen applied as NH3 in fall. *Soil samples pulled from the 0-12” depth at the time of planting Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/10/2022; Hybrid: DKC6269RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: variable; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

12

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

Continuous Corn Nitrogen Rate x MicroSURGE® Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Summary: ■

MicroSURGE dry corn inoculant contains Azospirillum sp. which colonizes at the root surfaces and fixes atmospheric N into ammoniacal N than can be taken up and utilized by the plants.

■

Averaged across N rates, MicroSURGE increased corn yields by 10 bu/ac.

■

The greatest yield increase, in response to MicroSURGE, was at the 150 lbs N rate.

■

It is expected that N supplied by biological N fixation can help meet crop N demand in environments where N is limiting. However, it is not likely that biological N fixation can serve as an adequate replacement to synthetic N fertilizer in low-N environments.

■

Optimal N rate was between 150-200 lb N/ac.

TREATMENTS: ■

17th consecutive year of continuous corn.

■

Fall applied NH3 with N-Serve for 0-300 lbs of total N.

■

Within each N rate, corn was assessed for its yield response to MicroSURGE dry corn inoculant.

Continuous Corn Nitrogen Rate x MicroSURGE Control 300

N Fixation from Atmosphere

Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE

Colonizes The Root

Root

250

1 O AZ

200

N2

2

Fixes Atmospheric Nitrogen

150 NO3- NH + 4

3

100

50 bu/ac

H+ (Acidification)

Roots Take Up NH4+ and NO3-

0

50

100

150

200

250

NH3

NH

+ 4 Ammonium

Nitrifying Bacteria

300

N Rate (lbs/ac)

AZO

= Azospirillum sp.

NO3-

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/10/2022; Hybrid: DKC6269RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: none; Nitrogen: 160 lbs N as fall NH3; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

13

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Talc USA Planter Box Inoculants Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Summary: ■

■

■

N Fixation from Atmosphere

Azospirillum sp. from MicroSURGE dry corn inoculant colonizes root surfaces and establishes symbiotic association with corn plants by fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammoniacal nitrogen that the plants can utilize (Figure 1).

Colonizes The Root

Root

O AZ

Encompass® dry corn inoculation contains two species of Azospirillum sp. and three species of Pseudomonas sp.

Pseudomonas sp. that colonize root surfaces and releases organic acids which can release immobile nutrients in the soil by lowering the pH for plant uptake (Figure 2).

N2

2

NO3- NH + 4

3

A side-by-side comparison at the research farm in 2023 showed a 3 bu/ac yield increase in response to MicroSURGE and no yield change with the application of Encompass.

■

AZO

Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE or Encompass dry inoculant at 2 oz/unit of seed.

Fixes Atmospheric Nitrogen

H+ (Acidification)

Roots Take Up NH4+ and NO3-

Treatments: ■

NH3

NH

+ 4 Ammonium

Nitrifying Bacteria

NO3-

= Azospirillum sp.

Figure 1

All treatments, including the control, received 10 gal ATS applied 2x0 and 2.5 gal BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow.

Nutrient Mobilization Colonizes The Root

Talc USA Planter Box Inoculants Root

1

260.3

260

1

M

PS

259 2 Organic Acids

H+ Acidification Sidesphores

258

Soil Particle

3

256

255 bu/ac

Control

Roots Take Up Mobilized Nutrients

256.8

257.3

257

Talc 80/20 + Encompass

PSM

Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE

Notes: Previous crop: Soybean; Planting date: 4/13/2023; Hybrid: DKC64-34RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as spring 28%; Starter: 2.5 gal/ac BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow and 10 gal/ac ATS 2x0; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

14

Figure 2

= Psuedomonas sp.

Immobile Nutrients Mobile Nutrients

(P2O5, Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.)

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE - Community Trials 2023

Early Reproductive

Corn

Location: Average of 10 Central IL Locations

10

Summary:

9.5

8

7.8

6

+1.2 bu/ac avg 4.0

0.8

2

4.1

4

■

At each BRANDT Community Trial location, an agronomic trial is added on.

■

Hybrid: DKC 64-22RIB

■

80/20 + MicroSURGE Rate: 2 oz/unit

■

20’x~600’ treated vs non-treated side by side, on farm research.

■

Results across 10 central Illinois locations show there was variability in yield responses from MicroSURGE. 5 of 10 locations resulted in a positive yield increase.

■

80/20 + MicroSURGE = 242.9 bu/ac average

■

Non-treated = 241.7 bu/ac average

-0.4

-1.1

-5.2

-3.7

Ashland

Williamsville

Niantic

New Berlin

Fairbury

Franklin

Oakford

Cooksville

-6 bu/ac

Auburn

-4

Gridley

-2

-4.3

0

Talc USA Encompass and MicroSURGE

Location: BRANDT Third Party Corn Inoculant Trials

Summary: ■

There was considerable variation across 4 locations in response to dry or liquid corn inoculants, with the greatest responses occurring at the Missouri location.

■

MicroSURGE and Encompass liquid in-furrow applications tended to outperform planter box application to the seed with Talc 80/20.

■

MicroSURGE dry corn inoculant produced the most consistent yield increases across the 4 locations.

Treatments: ■

MicroSURGE or Encompass dry inoculant applied with Talc 80/20 at 2 oz/unit of seed.

■

MicroSURGE liquid (12.8 fl oz/ac) and Encompass liquid (16 fl oz/ac) applied in-furrow.

■

All plots were treated with 10-34-0 at 5 gal/ac in-furrow.

Location

Treatment Encompass Dry

Encompass Liquid

MicroSURGE Dry

MicroSURGE Liquid

------------------------------------ Yield change from control (bu/ac) -----------------------------------Champaign, IL

-3.0

-1.0

2.0

1.0

Holden, MO

3.6

9.4

3.2

10.4

Holy Ridge, MS

0.3

2.4

1.0

-0.7

Holdrege, NE

0.3

1.6

3.5

0.6

Average

0.3

3.1

2.4

2.8

15

Corn

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Skip-Row Solar Corridor Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

The concept of skip-row solar corridor planting configurations is to allow more sunlight to reach the lower canopy, which is the source of energy for the lower stalk and roots.

■

Two studies were established at the research farm in 2023 to evaluate any yield advantage to different row spacings, plant populations, fertilizer placement, and hybrid selection in a skip-row solar corridor system.

■

In Trial 1, skipping every third row decreased yield by 9.1 and 23 bu/ac in 20” and 30” row spacings, respectively. In skip-row configurations, yield was increased by 8.7-17 bu/ac when fertilizer was concentrated to only the planted rows rather than every row.

■

Skip-row configuration decreased yield across the 5 hybrids in Trial 2, and the yield decrease was more drastic as the in-row population increased. Similar or higher yields were achieved for 3 of the 5 hybrids in skip-rows when the in-row population was maintained at 44,000 plants/ac (29,333 plants/ac total population), suggesting the skip-row solar corridor may require a lower total population than in standard 30” row spacing to achieve maximum yield.

■

Past research farm data has shown that narrowing row spacing (i.e., switching from 30” to 20” rows) increases the optimal plant population because the plant-to-plant spacing within the row decreases. Opposite of narrowing row spacing, switching to a skip-row configuration increases the plant-to-plant competition within the row.

■

Multi-year data has shown that sizable yield increases can be achieved with skip-row configurations at high seeding rates when under optimal growing conditions.

Trial 1: Row Spacing x Fertilizer Placement x Skip-Row ■

20” rows, 20” skip-row, 30” rows, 30” skip-row.

■

Fall NH3 banded under every row (30” spacing) vs. concentrated under planted skip-rows.

■

Total population of 44,000 plants/ac for each row configuration.

Row Configuration

NH3 Placement

In-Row Population (plants/ac)

Yield (bu/ac)

30” rows

Every row

44,000

251.7

30” Skip-row 2x

Every row

66,000

228.7

30” Skip-row 2x

Skip-row

66,000

237.4

30” Skip-row 3x2x

Every row

61,600

224.8

30” Skip-row 3x2x

Skip-row

61,600

241.8

20” rows

Every row

44,000

250.8

20” Skip-row 2x

Every row

66,000

241.7

Notes: Previous crop: corn; Planting date: 4/20/2023; Hybrid: DKC66-17RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as fall NH3; Starter: 10 gal ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; V5 Foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 Foliar: BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio, Fungicide, Insecticide

2x = 3x2x =

16

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

Trial 2: Hybrid x Population x Skip-Row ■

Hybrids DKC64-21RIB, DKC64-34RIB, DKC66-04RIB, DKC67-94RIB, DKC68-48RIB.

■

In-row population range from 44,000 – 66,000 plants/ac.

■

Standard 30” row spacing vs 2x skip-row configuration.

Treatment

In-Row Population (plants/ac)

Total Population (plants/ac)

30” rows 44k

44,000

44,000

30” Skip-row 44k

44,000

29,333

30” Skip-row 55k

55,000

36,666

30” Skip-row 66k

66,000

44,000

2023 Skip Row Solar Corridor Standard 44k

Skip 44k

Skip 55k

Skip 66k

240

187.8

197.4

198.6

208.4

187.5

194.6

207.0

200.5 168.5

189.5

192.1

140

192.2

204.4

202.3

196.0

179.3

194.2

204.3

160

209.3

199.3

206.3

193.8

180

218.7

200

221.3

220

120 100 bu/ac

DKC64-21RIB

DKC64-34RIB

DKC66-04RIB

DKC67-94RIB

DKC68-48RIB

Average

Notes: Previous crop: corn; Planting date: 4/26/2023; Hybrid: multiple; Planting rate: variable; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as fall NH3; Starter: 10 gal ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; V5 Foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 Foliar: BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio, Fungicide, Insecticide

17

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn Response to BRANDT® EnzUp® P DS Location: 14 Locations

Summary: BRANDT EnzUp P DS (12-58-0) contains phosphatase enzymes which converts tied up organic phosphate into soluble, bio-available phosphate that is immediately available for plant use.

■

Across 14 comparisons from 2021-2023 BRANDT EnzUp P DS increased corn grain yield by an average of 4.4 bu/ac. At the 5 lb/ac rate, BRANDT EnzUp P DS increased average yield by 5.7 bu/ac.

■

Fertilizer

■

Pi

P P

Averaged across 6 trials in 2023, application of BRANDT EnzUp P DS in-furrow at 5 lbs/ac increase yield by 5.1 bu/ac compared to no starter fertilizer and by 2.5 bu/ac compared to 5 gal/ac 10-34-0. BRANDT EnzUp P DS applied at 2 lbs/ac in combination with 3 gal/ac 10-34-0 increased yield by 6.4 bu/ac compared to no starter fertilizer and by 3.8 bu/ac compared to 5 gal/ac 10-34-0.

Pi

P

P

Inorganic

Organic

Enzyme

P

Pi

Pi

P

P

Pi Pi

Phosphatase Products

Substrate Active site

Organic

Corn Response to EnzUp P DS – 2021-2023

P

■

BRANDT EnzUp P DS applied in-furrow at planting at 2.5 or 5 lbs/ac.

■

Data includes BRANDT EnzUp P DS compared to grower standard starter program, applied in addition to grower standard starter program, and compared to no starter fertilizer.

Inorganic Enzyme

Enzyme

Enzyme

Pi

BRANDT EnzUp P DS - Yield Advantage 2021-2023 2.5 lbs

5 lbs

20

15.8

15

10

9.4

MS-23

8.8

CO-23

8.8

7.1

4.9

MI-21

4.2

-0.6

IL-23

2.7

-4.0

MI-21

1.2

0.2

-4.5

0

6.9

5

IN-23

NE-23

MO-23

-5 bu/ac

18

IN-23

NE-21

MO-21

CO-21

NE-21

MO-21

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

Location: 6 Independent Researcher Locations

Treatment Location

Untreated

10-34-0 (5 gal)

BRANDT EnzUp P DS (5 lb)

10-34-0 (3 gal) + BRANDT EnzUp P DS (2 lb)

---------------------------------------- Grain Yield (bu/ac) ----------------------------------------Champaign, IL

265.0

262.0

261.0

264.0

West Lafayette, IN

288.6

298.2

297.4

294.2

Wanatah, IN

272.4

268.1

273.2

272.6

Holden, MO

165.4

169.0

174.8

180.5

Holly Ridge, MS

199.2

203.5

206.3

206.4

Holdrege, NE

260.5

266.1

269.3

271.8

Average

241.9

244.5

247.0

248.3

BRANDT EnzUp P DS compared to 10-34-0: ■

6 replicated field trials in 2023.

■

In-furrow treatments included 10-34-0 at 5 gal/ac, BRANDT EnzUp P DS at 5 lbs/ac, and 10-34-0 at 3 gal/ac with BRANDT EnzUp P DS at 2 lbs/ac compared to an untreated control with no starter fertilizer.

BRANDT EnzUp P DS vs. 10-34-0 - Average Yield 250

248.3

244.5

241.9

240

247.0

245

235

230 bu/ac

Untreated

10-34-0

BRANDT EnzUp P DS

10-34-0 + BRANDT EnzUp P DS

19

Corn

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

BRANDT EnzUp Zn with Starter Fertilizer Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

Starter fertilizers can help meet early-season crop nutrient demand prior to adequate development of its nodal root system.

■

Zinc is the most common micronutrient deficiency in corn and is important for nitrogen assimilation, protein metabolism, and auxin synthesis. Auxins are growth hormones that stimulate cell elongation, which is why Zn is especially important during rapid vegetative growth and dry-matter accumulation.

■

Soil temperature impacts Zn availability, which is why even in soils with adequate zinc levels we see responses to row-applied zinc when planting early. Additionally, high soluble phosphate levels (e.g., starter fertilizers) can induce zinc deficiency.

■

Growth responses from Zn at planting were observed at the research farm through longer internodes and taller plants.

■

Minimal response was observed from phosphorus containing starter fertilizers 5-12-0 and BRANDT EnzUp P DS at planting without the addition of Zn.

■

Compared to 5-12-0 starter fertilizer alone, BRANDT® Sequestar® 9% Zn, BRANDT EnzUp Zn, and BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn increased yield by 6.6, 9, and 12.1 bu/ac, respectively.

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn is a convenient product for planter box application that combines Zn and enzymes in a dry powder micronutrient encapsulation for improved seed retention and fluency.

Treatments: ■

5-12-0, BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn, BRANDT EnzUp Zn, and BRANDT EnzUp P DS were applied in-furrow with the planter in 5 gal water/ac.

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn was applied to the seed in the planter box at 2 oz/unit of seed.

■

All treatments, including the untreated plot, received 10 gal ATS applied 2x0 with the planter.

Treatment

Rate

Yield (bu/ac)

Untreated

-

259.0

5-12-0

2.5 gal/ac

261.0

2.5 gal + 1 qt/ac

267.6

5-12-0 + BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn 5-12-0 + BRANDT EnzUp Zn 5-12-0 + BRANDT SeedFlow Zn BRANDT EnzUp P DS BRANDT EnzUp P DS + BRANDT EnzUp Zn

2.5 gal + 1 qt/ac

270.0

2.5 gal/ac + 2 oz/unit

273.1

2.5 lbs/ac

257.5

2.5 lbs + 1 qt/ac

258.6

Mannanase enzyme - breaks down starches in the exudate that surrounds the outermost layer of the root tips. This draws water and nutrients to the root zone and releases sugars to the plant. This boosts root growth and increases microbial activity.

20

Bio-Available Nutrients

Enzymes Organic Residue

Lipase enzyme -– its primary function is to break down lipids in root exudates and organic residue in the soil allowing for better water flow and nutrient uptake by the roots.

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

Corn Starter + BRANDT EnzUp Trial 275

273.1

270

258.6

257.5

259.0

261.0

260

255

270.0

267.6

265

250 bu/ac

Untreated

5-12-0

5-12-0 + BRANDT 5-12-0 + 5-12-0 + BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn BRANDT EnzUp Zn SeedFlow Zn

BRANDT EnzUp P DS

BRANDT EnzUp P DS + BRANDT EnzUp Zn

Notes: Previous crop: soybean; Planting date: 4/13/2023; Hybrid: DKC64-34RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as spring 28%; Starter: 10 gal ATS 2x0; V5 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; V12 foliar: Trivapro, Warrior, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

BRANDT SeedFlow technology dry powder micronutrient encapsulation for improved seed retention and fluency.

■

Film forming dry powder.

■

Improves retention of micronutrients to the seed.

■

Improves overall seed fluency properties.

■

Reduces dust-off and residual build-up in planters.

■

Natural and biodegradable.

BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn

Zn

Zn

Zn Zn

Zn

BRANDT SeedFlow Micronutrient Encapsulating Technology

BRANDT EnzUp Zn

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn

21

Corn

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Third Party BRANDT EnzUp Zn & BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Trials Location: 5 Locations Summary:

■

Across 5 environments in 2023, BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn increased yield by 7.0 bu/ac and BRANDT EnzUp Zn increased yield by 12.7 bu/ac.

12.7

13.6 7.0

1.6

Catlin, IL

10.6

0 bu/ac

8.2

5

10.5

22

10

8.0

BRANDT EnzUp Zn (1 qt/ac) and BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn (2 oz/unit) applied in addition to 5 gal/ac 10-34-0 in-furrow.

15

3.0

■

BRANDT EnzUp Zn

20

3.4

Treatments:

25

11.5

At three of the five locations, minimal or slightly negative yield responses were observed in response to the application of 10-34-0 starter fertilizer without the application of Zn. High soluble phosphate levels near the crop row can reduce Zn uptake, inducing Zn deficiency. Starter fertilizers need to be well-balanced for maximum crop uptake and response.

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn 30

27.9

■

BRANDT EnzUp Zn and BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Trials

Champaign, Great Wanatah, West Average IL Bend, KS IN Lafayette, IN

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

BRANDT Community Trial with BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Location: Average of 13 Locations throughout Central IL Summary:

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn - Community Trials 2023

■

At each BRANDT Community Trial location, an agronomic trial is added on.

■

Hybrid: DKC 64-22RIB

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Rate: 2 oz/unit

9

■

20’x~600’ treated vs non-treated side by side, on farm research.

6

■

Results across 13 central Illinois locations show some variability in yield response. 8 of 13 locations resulted in a positive yield increase. With an average yield increase of 2.4 bu/ac

15

13.9

12

10

Franklin

Auburn

-1.7

-2.9

-3.4

-4.9

Lincoln

-5.5

3.6

Greenview

5.3

3.5

Oakford

Cropsey

Raymond

Lexington

Mt. Auburn

Lexington

Mt. Auburn

Non-treated = 238.3 bu/ac average

Mt. Auburn

-6 bu/ac

Williamsville

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn = 240.7 bu/ac average

0

2.1

■

1.2

3

-3

9.8

+2.4 bu/ac avg

On-Farm Trial: Split-Planter BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn Summary:

Location: McLean County, IL – Gridley

■

Planting Date: May 4, 2023

■

Harvest Date: November 1, 2023

■

Seeding Rate: 34,000 seeds/ac

■

Hybrid/Variety: DKC 62-69 RIB

■

Split-Planter - BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn vs Untreated 220

+4.4 bu/ac 215

Previous Crop: Soybeans

Grain Yield (bu/ac)

Yield change from control

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn

26.34

2 oz/ unit

214.1

4.4

Untreated

26.71

-

209.7

-

214.1

Rate/ ac

210

205

200 bu/ac

209.7

Acres Harvested

Treatment

Untreated

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn

23

Corn

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Early Vegetative Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Zinc Plays an Important Role in Corn Production Role of Zinc (Zn) in Corn Zinc is critical for the development of corn and has several important roles including: ■

Enzymatic functions - Many enzymes include zinc as a cofactor, like alcohol dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, and RNA polymerase. In these cases, it is indirectly evident that zinc deficiency inhibits protein synthesis.

■

Nitrogen assimilation and protein metabolism – Approximately 10% of proteins in plants require Zn for structural function and integrity. Low Zn supply limits the plant’s ability to convert amino acids to proteins. Additionally, the rate of protein synthesis is drastically reduced in Zn deficient plants.

■

Auxin metabolism – Zn deficiency causes reduced auxin levels, leading to little leaf syndrome, stunted growth, and reduced shoot elongation.

An example is indole acetic acid (IAA). Indole requires Zn to produce tryptophan which leads to IAA. Reduced Zn leads to higher stress responses, causing production of more free radicals, leading to the degradation of IAA.

Growth Stages Where Zinc is Critical.

Zinc is a vital micronutrient for corn throughout its growth, but there are certain key stages where its availability is particularly critical: Germination and Seedling Stage: n During germination and early seedling growth, zinc is crucial for root development and the function of enzymes that drive growth and energy production.

■

Vegetative Growth Stage (V3-V8): n As the corn enters the rapid vegetative growth phase (from the third leaf stage (V3) to around the eighth leaf stage (V8), zinc is essential for the formation of chlorophyll and carbohydrate metabolism.

■

■

Reproductive Stage (Tasseling and Silking): n During the reproductive phase, particularly at tasseling and silking, zinc plays a vital role in pollen formation and viability.

Grain Filling Stage: n In the grain filling stage, zinc is important for the development and maturation of kernels. It contributes to protein synthesis and the formation of starch in the kernels, impacting the final yield and quality of the grain.

■

Conditions Leading to Zn Deficiencies ■

Diffusion is the primary mechanism for transporting Zn to plant roots, so any factor that inhibits root development will impair Zn uptake.

■

Climatic factors resulting in reduced Zn uptake include cold, wet soils particularly early in the growing season. Plants may outgrow this early-season deficiency; however, some yield loss may have already occurred.

■

Waterlogged soils can also have lower available Zn levels due to the reduced conditions and subsequent precipitation of insoluble Zn compounds.

■

High soil phosphorous (P) levels and P fertilization rates can induce Zn deficiency in soils with marginal levels of Zn.

■

High soil pH decreases soluble zinc in soils, pH’s greater than 7 are often associated with Zn deficiency.

This young corn plant shows typical zinc deficiency symptoms. Note the broad white stripes on both sides of the midrib of the leaf. Photo Credit: Purdue University Department of Agriculture

24

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Early Vegetative Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Identifying Best Criteria for Zinc Applications to Corn There are several criteria growers can look at to determine if crops are going to be responsive to Zn applications. One of the most common resources are published soil test levels and tissue test levels. Soil test values for critical levels vary but are often reported to be between 0.75 to 1.5 ppm of available Zn (M3 Test).

The optimal published zinc concentrations tissue test typically ranges from 30 to 70 ppm for modern high yield corn varieties.

Year

Location

Corn

Soil Levels (Melich 3)

P:Zn Ratio

Whole Plant (Zn, ppm)

Tissue Test (Zn, ppm)

Zn, ppm

P, ppm

Soil

@ V4 - 6

@ R1

2020

Sutherland, IA

0.37*

27.2

74:1**

@ V4 - 6

17.9

2020

Elsworth, MN

1.4

61.3

44:1**

-

19.8

2021

Adrian, MN

3.3

44.2

13:1

39.5 @ V6

27.8

2021

Calument, IA

1.3

62.4

48:1**

32.0 @ V6

17.4

2022

Canton, SD

0.5*

20.5

41:1**

38.9 @ V4-5

19.6

2022

Canistota, SD

1.02*

23.5

23:1**

39.8 @ V4-5

25.2

While all macronutrients impact the overall Zn uptake and usage, the correlation between Zn and phosphate is stronger and thus it is useful and should be considered.

2022

Sioux Falls, SD

0.55*

8.1

15:1

59.4 @ V4-5

25.9

2022

Wilmot, SD

0.92*

19.1

21:1**

87.7 @ V4-5

22.4

2023

Canistota, SD

0.82*

18.3

22.3**

-

28.5

2023

Sioux Falls, SD

1.67

9.1

5.4

-

28.1

The ideal P:Zn ratios for soil test are subject to debate, for the purpose of discussion the following criteria below have been highlighted in figure 2 as the ideal ratio ranges for growing corn.

Perhaps the best decisions can be made by leveraging soil level information in conjunction with P:Zn ratios and NPK fertility program for a field. Figure 1 overlays P and Zn soil test level with

2023

Renner, SD

1.54

12.6

8.2

-

35.2

2023

Wilmot, SD

2.54

22.8

9.0

-

27.1

15:1 P:Zn P, ppm

Soluble P, ppm

80

More Likely to be Zn Responsive

60

o ati

or ef

40

R :Zn

P

on lZ

a

Ide

Less Likely to be Zn Responsive 0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

BRANDT Smart Trio, 2 qt/ac

BRANDT Smart Zn, 1 qt/ac

Year

Location

2020

Sutherland, IA

9.0*

-

2020

Elsworth, MN

5.2*

-

-

2021

Adrian, MN

8.6*

-

6.3

2021

Calument, IA

12.6*

-

8.1*

2022

Canton, SD

8.1

7.3

6.2

2022

Canistota, SD

9.4*

9.9*

9.7*

-

2022

Sioux Falls, SD

10.9

-

11.0

2022

Wilmot, SD

1.4

-

5.9*

2023

Canistota, SD

-0.6

7.4

-

2023

Sioux Falls, SD

5.0

3.0

-

2023

Renner, SD

15.4

22.7*

-

2023

Wilmot, SD

11.3

10.2*

-

Average

8.0

10.2

7.9

1 Yield based 0.23 % of an acre hand harvest, grain yield corrected 15.5% moisture content. Six replications.

2 *Treatment differences significant from the UTC at the 0.1 level

20

0

Treatment1 BRANDT Smart Trio, 1 qt/ac

---------Yield change1 from control (bu/ac) ---------

Figure 1: P and Zn Soil Test vs P:Zn Soil Test Ratios 8:1 P:Zn P, ppm 100

#* < 1.5 ppm Zinc #** > 15:1 P:Zn Ratio

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

Soluble Zn, ppm

Figure 2 indicates values that fall in the Zinc Responsive Zone highlighted by the blue box (tissue test values <1.5ppm or those that P:Zn ratio > 15:1) have a stronger probability to be responsiveness to zinc applications. Plot based on Mehlich 3 Soil Test Methods

Summary: Application of BRANDT Smart Trio or BRANDT Smart Zn at V4 to V5 boosted yield across all locations by an average of 8.6 bu/ac compared to control.

■

23 out of 24 treatments (95%) responded positively to foliar BRANDT Smart Trio and BRANDT Smart Zn at V4 to V5. There was a statistically significant yield increase at a 90% confidence level for 10 of 24 treatments (41%).

■

Soil test levels below 1.5ppm Zn and P:Zn ratios above 15:1 were good predictive tools that the fields would be responsive to foliar applications of zinc. However, sites that had values above 1.5 ppm Zn soil test values and P:Zn ratios that were ideal also reported improved yield results with foliar Zn applications.

■

There was a significant decrease in Zn levels for the whole plant analysis (V4 – 6) vs tissue test values at R1, with R1 values being much lower. Utilizing whole plant analysis at early V stages may not be a good predictor when used alone. This dynamic should be explored more.

■

11 of 12 locations had Zn tissue test levels below 30 ppm at R1.

Fields sites that have historically shown tissue test values <30 ppm Zn may be good candidates for zinc applications.

proposed sufficiency ranges for P:Zn. Research Trial Results A zinc fertility study was carried out across 12 locations in South Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa. The study included 24 treatments of foliar zinc applications utilizing BRANDT Smart Trio and BRANDT Smart Zn. Phosphate (P) application rates were in sufficient amounts as not to be limiting at all sites. Nitrogen (N) application consisted of 180- 240 lbs/ac N dependent on location and grower. 8 sites exhibited low to moderate soil zinc deficiencies with soil test values < 1.5 ppm of Zn and / or P:Zn soil ratios higher 15:1. Further, 11 of the 12 sites had Zn tissue test levels below 30 ppm at R1. Soil and Tissue Test Values Indicated in table to the right.

25

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Early Vegetative Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Early Vegetative Foliar Nutrition Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Summary: During the hot and dry conditions experienced through the early vegetative growth stages at the research farm, foliar nutrition and crop protection products were evaluated for their ability to assist the crop in mitigating stress and overcoming transient nutrient deficiencies. Foliar application of micronutrients or fungicide at the V5 growth stage increased corn yield.

■

The combination of BRANDT Smart Trio and BRANDT Smart K B increased yield by 24 bu/ac when applied with or without fungicide.

■

The application of Trivapro fungicide alone increased yield by 19 bu/ac.

■

Zinc (Zn) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in corn and plays a critical role in nitrogen assimilation and synthesis of auxins.

■

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for photosynthesis and chloroplast development.

Trial 1 – DKC62-69RIB V5 Foliar: All foliar treatment applied at V5 growth stage with 20 gal water/ac.

Treatment

Rate/ac

Grain Yield (bu/ac)

Yield Change from Control

230.7

Untreated BRANDT Smart Trio

1 qt

234.6

3.9

BRANDT Smart Trio

2 qt

243.3

12.6

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus

1 qt

244.2

13.5

1 qt + 1 qt

254.6

23.9

13.7 fl oz

250.4

19.7

13.7 fl oz + 1 qt + 1 qt

255.0

24.3

BRANDT Smart Trio + BRANDT Smart K B Fungicide (Trivapro) Fungicide + BRANDT Smart Trio + BRANDT Smart K B

Trial 1 – V5 Foliar 260

255.0

230.7

234.6

230

244.2

243.3

240

250.4

254.6

250

220 bu/ac

Untreated

BRANDT Smart Trio BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt) (2 qt)

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus

BRANDT Smart Trio + BRANDT Smart K B

Trivapro Trivapro + BRANDT Smart Trio + BRANDT Smart K B

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/10/2022; Hybrid: DKC62-69RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs N as fall NH3; Starter: 10 gal ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; R1 foliar: Trivapro & Warrior

26

Early Early Vegetative Vegetative

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

Trial 2 – DKC67-94RIB V6 Foliar: All foliar treatment applied at V6 growth stage with 20 gal water/ac.

Treatment

Rate/ac

Grain Yield (bu/ac)

Yield Change from Untreated Avg

268.9

Untreated

V8 Zn Tissue Test (ppm)

V8 Mn Tissue Test (ppm)

32

66

BRANDT Smart Zn

1 qt

268.9

0.1

96

59

BRANDT Smart Mn

1 qt

278.9

10.1

31

178

BRANDT Smart Trio

1 qt

272.9

4.1

73

119

BRANDT Smart Quatro Plus

1 qt

271.8

3.0

62

106

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus

1 qt

273.0

4.2

51

108

20

74

268.7

Untreated

Trial 2 – V6 Foliar 280

278.9

275

BRANDT Smart Zn

268.7

268.9

Untreated

273.0

268.9

265

271.8

272.9

270

260 bu/ac

BRANDT Smart Mn

BRANDT Smart Trio

BRANDT Smart Quatro Plus

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus

Untreated

Notes: Previous crop: soybean; Planting date: 4/15/2022; Hybrid: DKC67-94RIB; Planting rate: 44,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs N as fall NH3; Starter: 10 gal ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal BRANDT 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; R1 foliar: Trivapro & Warrior

27

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Progressive Foliar x Plant Population x Row Spacing Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

Historical grain yield increases in corn have been matched with higher planting populations. Higher stands of corn require hybrids with greater density stress tolerance and precision placement of nutrition.

■

Narrower row spacing has been proven to be a better arrangement of higher plant populations and was the case at the research farm in 2023. The greatest responses to 20-inch rows were at planting densities of 44,000 and 48,000 plants/ac, which are well above typical seeding rates in the Corn Belt.

■

Averaged across plant populations and row spacing, application of fungicide with BRANDT Smart System products increased yield by 20.6 bu/ac when applied at V5 and an additional 8.8 bu/ac when a second application was made at V12. On average, there was no response to a third foliar application made at R2. However, the response to the 3-pass system was greatest at 52,000 plants/ac in 20-inch rows and 48,000 plants/ac in 30-inch rows, where crowding stress was the highest.

Treatments: ■

20- vs 30-inch row spacing

■

36,000, 40,000, 44,000, 48,000, and 52,000 plants/ac

Foliar Treatments and average yield across plant populations and row arrangements.

Treatment

Timing

Product

Yield (bu/ac)

No Foliar

-

-

251.8

1 Pass

V5

Fungicide + BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt/ac) + BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac)

272.4

2 Pass

V5 + V12

Fungicide + BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt/ac) + BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac)

281.2

3 Pass

V5 + V12 + R2

Fungicide + BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt/ac) + BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac)

281.1

Average Yield at Each Population and Row Spacing Across Foliar Treatments 20-inch 300

30-inch

290

280.2

280

278.7

276.0

273.8 273.8

270

267.2 260

264.8 258.6

250 bu/ac

36,000

40,000

44,000 population

28

48,000

52,000

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Corn

20-Inch Rows No Foliar

1 Pass

2 Pass

3 Pass

300

294.9

274.4

204.2

200

260.9

279.9

286.0

274.3

264.0

282.5

291.0

283.2

264.1

279.4

281.0

225

255.5

250

279.5

275

175 150 bu/ac

40,000

44,000

48,000

population

52,000

30-Inch Rows No Foliar

1 Pass

2 Pass

3 Pass

300

279.2

273.1

260.3

246.4

266.7

275.6

258.2

268.4

282.6

282.8

271.8

258.1

225

283.9

285.7

263.9

250

281.1

275

200 175 150 bu/ac

36,000

40,000

population

44,000

48,000

Notes: Previous crop: soybean; Planting date: 4/12/2022; Hybrid: DKC66-04RIB; Planting rate: variable; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Nitrogen: 160 lbs/ac as fall NH3

29

Corn

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Late Vegetative

Boron in High-Yield Corn Production Boron’s Role in Corn Growth: ■

Critical growth stages: Boron is crucial in high-yielding scenarios, especially between the V10-V14 growth stages. Severe deficiencies (below 6 ppm, as per tissue tests) can lead to poor pollination due to delayed tassel development and reduced pollen viability.

■

Peak accumulation period: A substantial 65% of a corn crop’s total B is absorbed over just 1/5th of its growing season directly ahead of pollination, emphasizing the high demand for B ahead of reproductive growth (Figure 1).

■

Kernel development: Insufficient boron in the plant (below 9 ppm) from the blister (R2) to dough (R4) stages can hinder kernel development. Boron facilitates carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transport through membranes.

■

Availability in the soil: Boron deficiency correlates with soil type, organic matter, rainfall, and pH. It’s highly soluble and easily leached in well-drained or excessively irrigated soils. Its availability decreases in alkaline-calcareous soils and under drought conditions.

Boron Synergism with Potassium and Fungicides: ■

Why consider potassium application with boron: Potassium (K), like B, is in peak demand directly ahead of tassel and is vital for sugar transport in the plant. Nearly 75% of a corn crop’s total K requirement is accumulated prior to tassel (Figure 1), and, even with adequate soil test levels, potassium uptake through the roots may not be sufficient during periods of peak demand.

■

Synergistic response with fungicide: Boron applications typically perform well in combination with fungicides. A net positive increase in photosynthesis and carbohydrate production from the fungicide in combination with improved sugar movement and partitioning from the B and K can effectively improve yields.

Effective Application Strategies: ■

Optimal timing: The best results for boron application are seen between V10 and flowering (VT/R1), aligning with its peak demand and often coinciding with fungicide and insecticide treatments.

■

Product selection: Choose boron products that ensure effective mobility within the plant. BRANDT Smart K B, with BRANDT Smart System delivery technology, prevents B from binding to cell walls, enhancing translocation to developing kernels and growing points.

Grain Tassel, Cob, Husk Leaves Stalk and Leaf Sheaths Leaf Blades

K Uptake, g K2O ha -1

16

1.0

12

50

100

Grain Tassel, Cob, Husk Leaves Stalk and Leaf Sheaths Leaf Blades

75 0.8 B Uptake, oz B/A

20

1.2

100

Percent of total, %

24

Boron Uptake and Demand

75

0.6

50

0.4

8

25

25 0.2

4

0

0

Ross R. Bender, Jason W. Haegele, Matias L. Ruffo, and Fred E. Below. 2013 Nutrient Uptake, Partitioning, and Remobilization in Modern, Transgenic Insect-Protected Maize Hybrids

GDDF

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

VE V2

V4 V6

V10 V14 VT/R1 R2 Growth Stage

R4 R5

R6

0.0

GDDF

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

VE V2

V4 V6

V10 V14 VT/R1 R2 Growth Stage

R4 R5

R6

Figure 1. The seasonal accumulation and partitioning of K and B in corn. (Bender et al., 2013)

30

0

Ross R. Bender, Jason W. Haegele, Matias L. Ruffo, and Fred E. Below. 2013 Nutrient Uptake, Partitioning, and Remobilization in Modern, Transgenic Insect-Protected Maize Hybrids

Percent of total, %

Potassium Uptake and Demand

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Late Vegetative

Corn

Corn Yield Response to Boron at VT/R1 Summary: Application of BRANDT Smart K B at VT/R1 boosted yield by an average of 8.8 bu/ac compared to fungicide alone.

■

■

Fungicide, K, and B played a large role in stress mitigation and late-season plant health during the dry conditions experienced in central Illinois in 2023.

Because of the high demand for K and B prior to pollination, a foliar application can help overcome periods of transient deficiency and assist grain fill.

Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL Treatments Product

Rate

Yield

Yield Advantage

Untreated

-

271.5

10% B

1 qt

271.4

-0.1

BRANDT Smart B-Mo

1 pt

272.2

+0.7

BRANDT Smart K B

1 qt

280.3

+8.8

BRANDT Smart K B + BRANDT Smart Trio

1 qt + 1 qt

278.6

+7.1

Purdue University Smart K B Trials Summary: ■

■

Across 3 Indiana locations, application of BRANDT Smart K B with fungicide at R1 growth stage increased yield by 19.4 bu/ac compared to the untreated control.

Purdue University BRANDT Smart K B Trials Untreated 300

Fungicide + BRANDT Smart K B

270.9

251.5

265.9

290.9

276.2

253.3

258.4

200

227.4

Research was conducted by Dr. Dan Quinn, extension corn specialist at Purdue University, as part of an on-farm Intensive Corn Management study.

257.9

■

250.8

Treatments:

263.4

250

Fungicide

286.6

Fungicide alone increased yield by 7.1-25.9 bu/ac between the 3 locations.

Location: 3 Locations in Indiana

150

■

Large-plot field research trials arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4-5 replications at each location.

100

■

Hybrid P1108Q planted at a target population of 32,000 plants/ac.

50

■

BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac) applied in addition to Delaro Complete fungicide (8 oz/ac) at the R1 growth stage compared to plots receiving fungicide alone or no fungicide.

0 bu/ac

Butlerville, IN

Columbia City, West Lafayette, IN IN

Average

31

Soybean

BRANDT Production Base Applications The BRANDT base applications reflect a high yield management recommendation that can be implemented in parts or as a whole to fit within a grower’s current program. Applications for 2023 were: ■

Conventional fall tillage

■

120,000 plants/ac seeding rate

■

25-75-150 suspension in fall with BRANDT Rezadone

■

Pre-emergent herbicide

■

10 gal/ac ATS at planting (2x0)

■

■

2.5 gal/ac 5-12-0 in furrow

Post herbicide with 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart Trio and 1 pt/ac BRANDT Smart B-Mo at V3

■

BRANDT Battleground® seed treatment

■

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn planter box treatment

Fungicide, insecticide, 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart Trio, and 1 qt/ac BRANDT Smart K B at R3

Foliar Nutrition with and Crop Protection

Planting Date

pg. 37-39

pg. 6-7

Variety Trials pg. 34

In-Furrow pg. 35

BRANDT Seed Applied Solutions pg. 35-36

COVER CROP /TILLAGE

32

NPK

VE

VC

V1

V3

V8

R1

R2

Soybean

Top 5 Soybean Insights 1. With the use of a good seed treatment, soybean can be resilient in early planting conditions. Historical research farm data continues to show that maximum soybean yield is achieved when planted in early April.

2. Variety selection was crucial. Longer maturity varieties took better advantage of late-season rains to maximize yields.

3. The combination of starter fertilizer and planter box treatment including molybdenum and inoculant impacted nodule production and early vegetative growth and color.

4. Foliar application during flowering and beginning pod development continues to provide the largest impact on yield by reducing flower and pod abortion and protecting the trifoliates near the middle of the plant.

5. Foliar applications near R4-R5 aided in protecting against pod-feeding insects, extending photosynthetic capacity, and assisting carbohydrate partitioning to the pods.

R3

R4

R5

R6

R8

33

Soybean

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Soybean Variety Trials Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

At the Pleasant Plains research farm in 2023, the yield difference between the top and lowest performing variety was 28.5 bu/ac among Asgrow varieties and 24.6 bu/ac among the varieties in our trait and brand comparison trial.

■

Within each soybean brand, the longer maturity varieties tended to be the highest yielding.

80

Brevant

NK

Xitavo

83.8 75.7 86.2 82.4 82.0 80.2 77.8 77.5 76.1

73.6 70.6

79.9

90.5 95.2 87.8 89.5

93.9 90.1

93.8 82.5 77.2 82.0 83.8

77.2

78.4

78.0

79.2

79.1

76.7

78.2

60

Croplan

40

bu/ac

20

0

AG35XF1 XO4084E XO3922E XO3752E XO3483E XO3224E XO3131E XO3014E XO2963E NK40-P5E3 NK39-M8XF NK39-J2E3 NK37-C1E3 NK37-B7XFS CP3940XF CP3620E CP3550XF CP3422E B402EE B392EE B342EE B310EE AG35XF1

AG40XF4

AG40XF1

AG39XF3

AG38XF3

AG38XF1

AG35XF4

AG35XF1

AG33XF3

AG31XF2

AG30XF4

AG29XF4

AG29XF3

AG28XF3

AG27XF3

0

AG26XF3

20

55.7

40

73.4

75.9

60

83.9

80

84.2

Asgrow/Check 100

81.0

100

83.2

2023 Variety and Brand Comparison

81.8

2023 Soybean Variety Trials - Asgrow

bu/ac

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/29/2023; Planting rate: 120,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Starter: 10 gal/ac ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal/ac 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; V3 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; R3 foliar: Fungicide, Insecticide, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

Location: Average of 6 Central IL Locations Summary: ■

Brevant

NK

Xitavo

XF

73.9

75.6

76.8

77.1

77.1

78.3

76.6

B392EE

NK39-J2E3

XO3752E

S35-E3

XO3651E

XO3483E

NK33-W2E3

B342EE

AG39XF3

75.7

80.3

AG38XF1

NK37-B7XFS

AG35XF1

69

AG38XF3

73.3

73

79.9

77

E3

78.8

AG33XF3

79.3

81.8

81

AG27XF3

In the Community Trials AG 33XF3, AG 27XF3, and AG 39XF3 were the top yielding XtendFlex varieties and NK S35-E3, XO3483E, and XO3752E were the top yielding Enlist E3 varieties.

Asgrow 85

81.4

■

In the 6 BRANDT South Community Trials, the average XtendFlex Soybean out yielded Enlist E3 by 2.9 bu/ac. This was a 2X increase compared to the 2 years prior.

BRANDT Community Trial Plot Average

65 bu/ac

34

*checks were established at each location

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Soybean

Soybean Starter and BRANDT EnzUp Trial Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

As in corn, zinc is vital in soybean for nitrogen assimilation, protein metabolism, and auxin synthesis. Zinc applications can help drive protein levels in soybean seeds as it is critical for the conversion of some amino acids into proteins.

■

Compared to 5-12-0 starter fertilizer alone, BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn, BRANDT EnzUp Zn, and BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn increased yield by 5.4, 6.4, and 8.3 bu/ac, respectively.

■

BRANDT EnzUp P DS, which contains phosphorus solubilizing enzymes, increased yield by 5.8 bu/ac compared to 5-12-0 starter fertilizer.

Treatments: ■

5-12-0, BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn, BRANDT EnzUp Zn, and BRANDT EnzUp P DS were applied in-furrow with the planter in 5 gal water/ac.

■

BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn was applied to the seed in the planter box at 2 oz/unit of seed.

■

All treatments, including the untreated plot, received 10 gal ATS applied 2x0 with the planter.

Treatment 5-12-0 5-12-0 + BRANDT Sequestar 9% Zn 5-12-0 + BRANDT EnzUp Zn 5-12-0 + BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn BRANDT EnzUp P DS BRANDT EnzUp P DS + BRANDT EnzUp Zn

Rate

Yield (bu/ac)

Yield Advantage

2.5 gal/ac

75.6

2.5 gal + 1 qt/ac

81.0

+5.4

2.5 gal + 1 qt/ac

82.0

+6.4

2.5 gal/ac + 2 oz/unit

83.9

+8.3

2.5 lbs/ac

81.4

+5.8

2.5 lbs + 1 qt/ac

80.0

+4.4

Soybean Starter + BRANDT EnzUp Trial 85

83.9

82

80.0

81.4

82.0

81.0

79

76

75.6

73

70 bu/ac

5-12-0

5-12-0 + Sequestar 9% Zn

5-12-0 + BRANDT EnzUp Zn

5-12-0 + BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn

BRANDT BRANDT EnzUp P DS EnzUp P DS + BRANDT EnzUp Zn

No Starter

BRANDT EnzUp P DS 2.5 lbs/ac

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/13/2023; Variety: AG35XF1; Planting rate: 120,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Starter: 10 gal/ac ATS 2x0; V3 foliar: BRANDT Smart Trio with herbicide; R3 foliar: Fungicide, Insecticide, BRANDT Smart K B, BRANDT Smart Trio

35

Soybean

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Soybean Inoculation + Mo Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary:

Nodulization

■

This study was implemented at the research farm to evaluate any impact from soybean inoculants and Mo on grain yield.

■

Bradyrhizobium japonicum in MicroSURGE dry soybean inoculant is the bacteria responsible for colonizing the roots of soybean and forming the nodules where atmospheric nitrogen is fixed into ammoniacal N for the plant.

■

■

Colonizes The Root

Root Poor Nodulation

Molybdenum requirement for legumes is greater than that of grass crops because of its involvement in biological N2 fixation.

Molybdenum is a cofactor for nitrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

1 A

BR

Good Nodulation

2 Rhizobial Infection

All treatments increase yield over the control, with the greatest yield increases being driven by BRANDT SeedZone Mo, Mo trioxide planter box treatment, and Encompass dry inoculant.

NH4+

3 Nodule Formation

Treatments: ■

Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE, Encompass, or Mo Trioxide applied to the planter box at 2 oz/unit of seed.

■

BRANDT SeedZone Mo seed treatment applied to the seed at 2 fl oz/cwt.

■

All treatments, including the untreated plot, received 2.5 gal 5-12-0 in-furrow and 10 gal ATS applied 2x0 with the planter.

N2

NH

+ 4

BRA

= Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Atmospheric Nitrogen

Location: Average of 13 locations throughout central IL

Soybean Inoculation + Mo

BRANDT SeedZone Mo - Community Trials 2023

85

6

5.8

5 82

4

81.9

-0.5

-0.7

-0.9

-1.3

-2.2

-3.0

-3.3

-0.2

Gridley

Waverly

Ashland

Mt. Auburn

Greenview

bu/ac

Gridley

Control

Niantic

BRANDT BRANDT BRANDT SeedZone Mo SeedZone Mo SeedZone Mo + MicroSURGE + Encompass

Lexington

Talc 80/20 + Mo trioxide

Williamsville

36

-4 Talc 80/20 + Encompass

Mt. Auburn

70 Talc 80/20 + MicroSURGE

3.5

-3

Auburn

-2

Lincoln

-1

1.0

0

Mt. Auburn

77.1

73

bu/ac

+0.0 bu/ac avg

1

0.9

2

0.8

80.3

79.2

78.2

76

80.1

81.3

79

3

Fall

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Early Vegetative

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

Soybean

Soybean Foliar Nutrition to BRANDT® Smart System® Location: BRANDT Research Farm – Pleasant Plains, IL

Summary: ■

The application of BRANDT Smart Quatro® Plus or BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus at V4 increased average yield by 6.5 or 5.5 bu/ac, respectively.

■

Application of Zn, Mn, B, and Mo during early vegetative stages can assist with nodule formation, nitrogen utilization, herbicide metabolism, and photosynthesis.

■

At R3, the application of BRANDT Smart K B and BRANDT Smart Trio with fungicide increased yield by 5.5 bu/ac compared to the untreated control and 3.2 bu/ac compared to fungicide alone.

■

Application of BRANDT N-Boost 5 with fungicide increased yield by 2.5 bu/ac compared to fungicide alone.

■

BRANDT Smart System products are designed for superior compatibility with crop protection products and maximum foliar uptake.

■

Pairing BRANDT Smart K B with a fungicide application improves plant health and photosynthesis, maximizes nodule production and plant utilization of N, and assists pod fill.

V4 Foliar Trial: Treatment

R3 Foliar Trial: Yield Change from Untreated Avg

Yield

BRANDT Smart Zn

1 qt

74.3

+1.7

Miravis Top

13.7 oz

80.4

+2.3

BRANDT Smart Mn

1 qt

75.3

+2.7

BRANDT Smart Quatro Plus

+5.5

79.1

+6.5

13.7 oz + 1 qt + 1 qt

83.6

1 qt

Miravis Top + BRANDT Smart K B + BRANDT Smart Trio

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus

1 qt

78.1

+5.5

Miravis Top + BRANDT Smart K B + BRANDT Smart Trio + BRANDT N-Boost 5

13.7 oz + 1 qt + 1 qt + 2 qt

85.4

+7.3

Miravis Top + N-Boost 5

13.7 oz + 2 qt

82.9

+4.8

Untreated

Untreated

72.7

Product

Rate

Untreated

72.5

All treatments were applied at the V4 growth stage in 20 gal water/ac.

Notes: Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/11/2023; Variety: AG38XF1; Planting rate: 120,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Starter: 10 gal/ac ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal/ac 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; R2 foliar: Fungicide & insecticide.

Yield

Yield Advantage

Rate

78.1

All treatments were applied at the R3 growth stage in 20 gal water/ac.

Notes :Previous crop: Corn; Planting date: 4/11/2023; Variety: AG38XF1; Planting rate: 120,000 plants/ac; Fall fertility: 25-75-150 suspension; Starter: 10 gal/ac ATS 2x0 and 2.5 gal/ac 5-12-0 in-furrow; Planter box: BRANDT EnzUp SeedFlow Zn; R2 foliar: Insecticide.

37

Soybean

Fall

Early Vegetative

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Late Vegetative

Early Reproductive

2019 - 2022 Multi-Location BRANDT Smart System Trials on Soybeans Trial data consists of 15 locations, 57 comparisons, each comparison and has 6 replications per trial.

Summary:

Table 1. Contract Researchers Used in the Trials State

Contract Researcher Company

Irrigated

CO

Irrigation Research Foundation

Yes

IL

University of Illinois

No

IL

Cropsmith Inc

No

IN

IMPACT AG Services, Inc.

No

KS

Performance Crop Research

Yes

MI

North Central Research Station

No

MN

Riverton Research Inc.

No

MO

Plant Research Service, LLC

No

MS

Delta Crop and Research, Inc.

No

ND

AGVISE Research

No

NE

Elite Research

Yes

SD

SGS North America

No

TN

Agricenter International

No

VA

Rountree Research & Consulting

No

WI

Ag Research Wisconsin

No

BRANDT Smart System applications during vegetative stages (V3 to V5) improved overall yields as follows: ■

3.2 bu/ac average yield increase over 17 locations for BRANDT Smart Quatro Plus.

■

1.8 bu/ac average yield increase over 12 locations for BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus.

■

1.8 bu/ac average yield increase over 4 locations for BRANDT Smart Mn Plus.

BRANDT Smart System applications during reproductive stage (R3) improved overall yields as follows: ■

3.7 bu/ac average yield increase over 3 locations for BRANDT Smart KB.

■

2.1 bu/ac average yield increase over 10 locations for BRANDT Smart KB and BRANDT Smart Trio.

■

2.6 bu/ac average yield increase over 15 locations for BRANDT Smart B-Mo + BRANDT Smart Trio.

Trial data consists of 15 locations, 57 comparisons, each comparison and has 6 replications per trial.

38

Early Vegetative

Pre-Planting or At-Planting

Fall

Early Reproductive

Late Vegetative

Soybean

V4 BRANDT Smart System Application Yield Advantage BRANDT Smart Quatro Plus (1 qt/ac)

BRANDT Smart Sulfur Plus (1 qt/ac)

BRANDT Smart Mn Plus (1 qt/ac)

15 12

IN-22

IL-22

MS-21

IN-22

MO-22

VA-20

MI-22

MI-22

VA-21

CO-22

MO-19

MO-20

IN-22

IL-21

TN-21

IN-22

MI-22

MI-22

CO-20

IL-19

VA-21

MS-21

MO-21

SD-22

MO-22

IL-22

ND-22

MS-20

MO-21

KS-19

KS-22

WI-22

WI-21

WI-22

MO-20

SD-22

WI-21

KS-22

MN-21

-3

ND-22

0

MN-20

3

MO-22

6

MN-21

9

-6 bu/ac

R3 BRANDT Smart System Application Yield Advantage BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac)

BRANDT Smart K B (1 qt/ac) + BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt/ac)

BRANDT Smart B-Mo (1 qt/ac) + BRANDT Smart Trio (1 qt/ac) 12 10 8

TN-21

MO-20

WI-22

IL-22

KS-19

IL-20

SD-21

SD-22

MO-22

IL-20

SD-22

MO-22

IL-22

MN-21

IL-19

MI-21

IL-21

ND-22

KS-20

-2 bu/ac

SD-21

0

WI-22

2

MN-21

ND-22

4

IL-20 IL-19

6

39

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2024-01