Moving Forward: Athenaeum 2050

MOVING FORWARD ATHENAEUM 2050 NICOLE FITZGERALD JAMIL GAFFUD BRADLEY WINOGRAD

CAPSULE

COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN: STUDIO 5A DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, & URBANISM DREXEL UNIVERSITY FALL 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

4

Athenaeum 2050 & Narrative Design Concepts

SYNTHESIS

24

Site Context Sun Studies Climate Analysis Zoning & Egress Programming Building Code & Structure Daylighting Facade Studies Preliminary Cost Analysis

MIDTERM

48

Feedback Renderings

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

56

Envelope Analysis Massing Revisions Revised Egress Experiential Research Revised Programming

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

74

THE FUTURE LIBRARY Site Documentation Final Renderings Final Feedback Biblography

86

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Thermal Analysis & Facade Development Revised Lighting Analysis Structural Design Exploded Axon

3

S

ENTRY SEQUENCE

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ATHENAEUM 2050 & PARTI

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Hand render provided by the Athenaeum

“LOOKING FORWARD” ATHENAEUM 2050 COMPETITION INTRODUCTION & NARRATIVE

6

Photo provided by the Athenaeum

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7

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

ENTRY BY BEAU ARCHITECTS LOOKING FORWARD - ATHENAEUM PHILADELPHIA 46163121 Concept Diagrams

1. Site

Flexible use of the bookshelf

2. Opening up the basement to integrate the archive

3. Bookshelf as structural facade

1

.

3

.

5

.

7

.

Bookcollections

2

Periodicals

Photographs + Prints

4

Lockers

Storage

6

Architectural drawings

Item display

8

Boxed books

.

4. Introducing special volumes for different functions

The Future Library With the rapid emergence of digital technologies in the past decades, much of the world’s text and literature has migrated from physical print to virtual data. With the disappearance of books, and access to digital information unlinked from any we would no longer need libraries. We believe the opposite is true. More than ever, the library of the future should exist as a place of knowledge and information exchange, by attracting and bringing people together, as well as celebrating the book.

Contemporary libraries should be more then just an archive of texts, neaty ordered and stacked together. We looked back to Etienne Louis Boulee’s ‘Grand Library of France,’ where we found our starting point. Here, information is collected around a central open space, programmed for visitor congregation and discussion.

.

The Supershelf whole collection of the Athenaeum (books, manuscripts, magazines, architectural drawings, archives, even the small and large display items). The shelf can be expanded in the future by placing an extra row of shelves on the inner corridor and providing the atheaum to grow. This ‘supershelf’ functions simultaneously as the facade and structure of the library. In this way we created a central space, an enclosed courtyard surrounded by the storage of knowledge. Special volumes were carefully placed in this central space - designed in such a way to accomodate all the necessary functions including administration spaces, reading rooms, and study areas. On top, these volumes physically form the stage for public events including exhibitions and lectures. Translucent milky glass forms the facade of the library; during the day the building blends into its surrounding environment and the milky glass protects the collection from direct sunlight, but come nightfall the library will glow and become the pride of Philadelphia.

8

View from Washington Square Park

0

Section

View from lobby

1

2

5m

.

.

Basement

0

1

2

5m

First Floor

0

1

2

5m

Second Floor

0

1

2

5m

Third Floor

0

1

2

5m

Fourth Floor

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1

2

5m

Fifth Floor

0

1

2

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

46163121

5m

2800 linear meter of books & periodicals 840 linear meter of display 830 linear meter + 480 cubic meter of archive & storage

Unfolded bookshelf

0

1

2

5m

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View towards reading room

View from tribune

9

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

PROJECT NARRATIVE Libraries lay the framework for the future by preserving the past; however, learning environments are not universal. Although many can learn through reading, others may prefer EXCHANGE. Through diverse and open planning, libraries can become not just a place to read but a hub for UNIVERSAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES. By exposing people to resources of the past they can be inspired to invest in the future.

10

View from Washington Square Park

Renders by BEAU Architects

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View from lobby

11

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

EXCHANGE THROUGH VISUAL INTERATCTION Through the large atrium, the idea of community is emphasized through transparency whilst enclosed spaces celebrate the individual.

TRANSPARENCY The large atrium also contributes to a variety of zones that nurture different types of activities. This allows the visual interaction to be unique and further enhances the ways in which people can inspire each other.

12

COMFORT ZONES

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View from tribune

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

EXCHANGE THROUGH SERENDIPITY VOLUME LEVEL

The design focuses the circulation on the perimeter of the building but allows volumes and habitable spaces to disrupt the flow. These volumes create an interstitial space between circulation and reading areas, giving visitors the opportunity to meet and interact with strangers. This further emphasize the communal element in the design. These spaces also create open spaces above, create another level of use to the design and enhancing the atrium experience.

CIRCULATION SPACE

LEVEL ABOVE

READING SPACE INTERSTITIAL SPACE OPEN SPACE

ZOOMED

1

2

1

CIRCULATION SPACE

INTERSTITIAL SPACES ZOOMED IN COMMUNICATION

G

R E TH A

TE A

O

T D IE SE U O Q L L C A N U EE ID T IV A D IV IN PR

R

B A LL

C

O

DIVERSIFY LEARNING

OPEN CLOSED

14

CLOSED CLOSED

OPEN AND CLOSED

OPEN CLO OPEN CLO

OPEN CLO

IN

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View towards reading room

The glowing facade is bound by a strong grid, but due to its modularity, allows the internal program to define the exterior facade. By allowing the facade to be flexible, it enhances the building’s ability to cater to a wide variety of uses both in the present and in the future. This however had its limits in the amount of views the competition provided and design proposes a series of book nooks to provide more interest and play into the facade.

OR RI TE N I

VIEW

BREAKING

TH

EG

RI D

TOWARD PARK

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

UNIVERSAL LEARNING THROUGH MODULARITY & FLEXIBILITY

ALLS

BREAKING THE GRID

UNIFORM GRID

OPEN AND CLOSED

16

COMPETITION CORRIDOR

PROPOSED CORRIDOR

BOOK NOOK STUDY

CORRIDOR ACTIVITY

“BOOK NOOK” CONCEPT RENDER

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BREAKING THE GRID

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

UNIVERSAL LEARNING THROUGH MODULARITY & FLEXIBILITY In support of equity and diversity, the group researched ADA guidelines and ways to make sure that the new Book Nooks are able to cater to those in wheelchairs.

The design also wanted to make sure that the module of bookshelves are not obstructing those in wheel chairs and are able to grab the books that are naturally within their reach.

Figure 305.7.1 Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Forward Approach

Figure 305.7.2 Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Parallel Approach Alcoves shall be 60 inches wide minimum where depth exceeds 15 inches.

Finally, equity also occurs within the circulation. By maintaining a connection between elevator and stair, the design can allow for equal pathing for all users, allowing all users to experience the design in the same way.

5' - 0" 3' - 0" "

CLR

CLR

1' - 3"

CLR

2' - 0"

CLR

18

SEAT/WORKSTATION TO BE AT Seat/Workstation toOF beSURFACE at 30” atAND top27” of surface and 30” AT TOP CLEARANCE 27” Clearance from to bottom of surface FROM FLOOR TO floor BOTTOM OF SURFACE

BOOK NOOK ADA

STAIRS ST S TAIRS TAIRS

48x30 AREA OF REFUGE

UP

ELEV ELE ELEV.

65' - 4 1/2"

EQUAL PATHING

Figure 308.3.2 Unobstructed High Forward Reach

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S U P E R S H E L F

19

BOOKSHELF ADA

Figure 308.3.2 Obstructed Side Reach

S U P E R S H E L F

S U P E R S H E L F Figure 308.3.2 Obstructed High Forward Reach

S U P E R S H E L F

S U P E R S H E L F

S U P E R S H E L F Figure 308.3.1 Unobstructed Side Reach

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

IMMERSION AND SEQUENCING THROUGH THE SUBLIME The large expansive space of Boullee’s National Library was a great inspiration to BEAU Architect’s design and inhibits a great sense of sublime to the visitor. During the day, the atrium acts to bring light to the darker corridor. Conversely, at night the corridors act to feed light back towards the atrium and illuminate through the facade creating a glow.

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THE SUBLIME R I D OR COR

R I D OR COR

ATRIUM

ATRIUM

INBOUND

20

GLOW

IMPLIES INTANGIBLE ENERGY, DIRECTION, & AWE

OUTBOUND

LIGHTING CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE DAY

THE NATIONAL LIBRARY ETIENNE-LOUIS BOULLEE

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21

BEAU’S ATRIUM

To further emphasize the comfort and expansiveness of the atrium.

The entry sequence becomes very important. The initial compression in the design further emphasize the liberation one feels as they enter through the space. This allows the visitor to feel comfort in the atrium despite its strong enclosure from the outside.

S 6th ST LIMITE D C ONFIN E D E NCLOS E D

C

OM

PRESS I O N

22

THR E THR ESHOLD SHOLD

COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION

OPE N N ES S IN DI VD UA LIZ E D

THE COMPETITION ENTRY

IMMERSION AND SEQUENCING THROUGH COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION

ED T RA E T LIB FOR COM

EXPAN SIO N

FLEXI BILIT Y

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SITE CIRCULATION

DESIGN SYNTHESIS SITE, CLIMIATE, CODE, AND PROGRAM

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SYNTHESIS

SITE CONTEXT After analyzing the competition entry and developing parti diagrams, we went to Washington Square to understand the context.

From visiting the site of the current Athenaeum, we discovered a lot about the importance of the history of the neighborhood, building regulations, materiality of groundcover and cladding, their scale, and circulation within Washington Square Park. This would later help us understand facade design, site design, and massing.

CONSTITUTION CENTER

PHILA. MINT

FED BUILDING

ARCH ST

IRS BUILDING INDEPENDENCE MALL

MARKET ST S. 6TH ST

WASHINGTON’S HOME

LIBERTY BELL

INDEPENDENCE HALL

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF JEWISH HISTORY THE BOURSE

AMERICAN PHIL. SOCIETY FIRST BANK

WALNUT ST

26

WASHINGTON SQUARE

MUSEUM OF THE REVOLUTION

MERCHANT’S EXCHANGE

ATHENAEUM

LANDMARKS INSTITUTIONS HISTORIC GOVERNMENT ATHENAEUM PARK

WASHINGTON SQUARE

CONTEXT MAP

CIRCULATION THROUGH THE PARK

WASHINGTON SQUARE & INDEPENDENCE MALL

SITE CONTEXT 6TH STREET COLLAGE

CLADDING LIMESTONE

BRICK

HERRINGBONE

CONCRETE

GROUNDCOVER COBBLESTONE

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BROWNSTONE

27

SYNTHESIS

NOON 12

SUN STUDY

13 JUN

11 10

14 15

MAY

16

APR

9

MAR

Surrounding the site are mid-rise to high-rise buildings that make access to light very difficult because of the cast shadow they create throughout the year.

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8 FEB JAN 7

18 DEC

OBSTRUCTIONS 6

19

WINTER -SPRING SUMMER-FALL

However, the study still shows that the East and West elevation can get some light throughout the year and that the north can get some light in the SpringSummer.

With this in mind, the atrium became an integral part of capturing natural light for the design. We looked into the Genzyme Center and Melbourne School to further understand how to incorporate more light into the design in a controlled manner.

NEEDS MORE LIGHT

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6 IDEAL LIGHT LEVEL DEC 7

18

NOV OCT 8

17

SEP AUG

9

16

OVER-EXPOSED TO LIGHT JUL

10

15 11

14

JUN 12 NOON

13

SUN CHART SOLAR ACCESS:SUN ANGLES

28

In addition to light, the Genzyme center also provided a new insight in ways to layer greenery into the atrium

DAYLIGHTING STUDY SPRING-SUMMER (LEFT) AND FALL-WINTER (RIGHT)

GENZYME CENTER BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN, CONDITIONED INTERIOR (LEFT) AND ATRIUM OF LIGHT (RIGHT)

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JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS, LIGHT FILLED OPEN SPACE (LEFT) AND PROTECTIVE FACADE (RIGHT)

29

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN

SYNTHESIS

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Philadelphia exhibits a temperate climate with most of the year being within a discomfortable level.

Humidity, Temperature and Rain are mostly within the range of discomfort while Wind is even between comfort and discomfort.

Through this analysis, we recognize the importance of the comfort levels of the interior levels and with most of the year being uncomfortable the design wants to push a conditioned interior: an exterior condition within the atrium.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE: TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

BOTH TEMP. and HUMIDITY ARE COMFORTABLE TEMPERATURE IS COMFORTABLE HUMIDITY IS COMFORTABLE BOTH ARE NOT IN A COMFORTABLE LEVEL

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6 MONTHS

HUMIDITY AND RAIN

12 MONTHS 3 MONTHS

1.5 MONTHS

18

COMFORT ZONE: WIND

13

14

14

14.5

16

15 .5

17

18 16 .5

17.5

AVERAGE HIGH 19 .5

AVERAGE SPEED

AVERAGE LOW

10

U N D E SIR A B L E C O M F O R T A B L E W A L KIN G

4.5 4 3

MAY

1

2

2.5

4.5

APR

4

4.5

4.25

5

6

C O M F O R T A B L E SIT TI N G

JAN

FEB

MAR

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

WIND ANALYSIS in in

1.1+ .98 .86 .75 .63 .51 .35 .23 .1 <0

1.2

.96

.70 1/4” LIGHT: 2-3 hrs MODERATE: 1 hr HEAVY: 15min

3/4” HEAVY: 2-4 hrs 1” HEAVY: 2-5 hrs

.24

0

24 Hr 12 16 20 4 8 4 8 12 16 20 24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

Wk

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RAIN ANALYSIS

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1/2” MODERATE: 1-2 hrs HEAVY: 30-45 min

.47

SYNTHESIS

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES Because of the wide spectrum of climatic conditions in Philadelphia, the atrium can act as a conditioned park-like interior with ample natural light and greenery and serve as a place of refuge during bad weather.

Making the atrium a space of thermal comfort, people can enjoy it all year-round.

CONDITIONED PARK INTERIOR THE ATRIUM PROTECTS FROM THE CLIMATE

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GENZYME CENTER INTRODUCING LIGHT & GREENERY INTO THE ATRIUM

EASTERN AND SOUTHERN FACADE CAN CAPTURE EVEN MORE LIGHT DURING FALL-WINTER

SKYLIGHT CAN MAXIMIZE LIGHT INTAKE, BUT RECOMMENDED TO REDUCE LIGHT INTAKE DURING SPRING-SUMMER TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IS UNDESIRABLE TO T BOTH PEOPLE AND BOOKS; PROVIDE MORE RESISTANT ENEVELOPE

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CLIMATE RESPONSE

FA LLWIN TER

SPR ING -SU MME R

STRONG VESTIBULE/VOID TO PROTECT AGAINST MODERATE/HEAVY RAIN FOR VISITORS

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SYNTHESIS

ZONING AND EGRESS The existing building occupied the whole lot which caused us to reduce the overall footprint of the design.

However through careful analysis, we found that the design is able to capture more light by setting back 25’ away from 6th street and allowing the building height to increase. The reduced occupiable area also allows the building to pay respect to the scale of the residential in the rear and also provide stormwater mitigation.

34

The competition egress also did not work within code. With a single stair and an exit access of 140’, the original design does not meet the required egress. With the new proposed circulation, the stairs are simply laid out by the party wall and maintains a simple circulation.

SETBACK AXON

LOT COVERAGE PLAN

EXIT ACCESS

140’

140’

COMPETITION EGRESS

35

96' - 9"

EXIT ACCESS

PROPOSED EGRESS

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90’

3/8" '-4 165 5' CE 5 TAN . DIS MIN

90’

SYNTHESIS

PROGRAMMING Through plan and section, the competition entry maintains a strong relationship with the atrium. This is what allows for a strong communal space that people interact with.

A flaw in the design however is it’s underwhelming programming, lacking the space that the Athenaeum requires for its future use.

EXISTING PROGRAM  



    

 

   

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

         /         /    

GRAPHIC PROGRAM

36

 

COMPETITION PROGRAMMING

   

  







 



 

 







 

 

 

 

 

 



 



 



 

 

READING ROOMS TALKING/GATHERING (OPEN SPACE) CIRCULATION

G IR A ST

PARK ( PUBLIC)

STREET

BR

IN

ARCHIVES

N

BACK OF HOUSE

READ R A LE

BATHROOM

TALK

ARCHIVE

TALK

TALK

READ

READ TALK BOH BOH

T A L K

B O H B O H

5 4 3 2 STREET

1 B

37

COMPETITION PROGRAM IN PLAN AND SECTION

READ

NF | JG | BW

PARK



 

BOOKSHELF WALL W



CIRCULATION





BOOKSHELF WALL W





SYNTHESIS

PROPOSED PROGRAMMING Though the required program exceeds the competition, the proposal held the fundamentals of the design, maintaining the atrium as the focal point of the design. In recognizing the larger density of program, we went through iterations of ways to organize the space.

This ultimately led to option 3 with a secondary basement for archiving, allowing the atrium and public spaces to maintain the grand gesture that the original competition provided

PROPOSED PROGRAM Meeting/ Multipurpose Room

Reference and Information Hub

Archives Public Entry & Loby Periodicals Collection – Display & Seating

Gallery

General Collection & Member Reading Room

Atrium

Administration Circulation Services

Staff Workroom General Building Services

Deliveries, Loading, Temporary Parking and Staff Entrance

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

Adjacent Proximity

PROGRAM # PROGRAM DIVISION 1 Public Entrance and Lobby Public Entrance and Lobby Public Restrooms Proposed Café 2 Circulation Services Circulation Desk Computer/Telecom Room Staff Entrance and Lobby Staff Lounge Staff Restrooms 3 Staff Workroom 4 Administration Administration Services Area Executive Director’s Office Assistant Director’s Office Administrative Assistant Reception and Support Services Staff Meeting Room Staff Office Area 5 Reference and Information Hub Reference Desk Reference Collection and Seating Copy Center Technology Area 6 General Collection and Member Reading Room Browsing Area and New Book Display Media Collection and Seating Fiction Collection and Seating Non-Fiction Collection and Seating 7 Archives Physical Media Archives Digital Media Archives Rare Book Vault Proposed Large Scanner Room 8 Meeting Room AV, Chair and Table Storage Multipurpose Room 9 Periodicals Collection – Display and Seating 10 Gallery 11 General Building Services Custodial Workroom General Athenaeum Storage 12 Deliveries, Loading, Temporary Parking and Staff Entrance

AREA EXISTING NEEDED (SF) AREA (SF) 1370 21330 520 230 380 1200 0 1410 150 170 150 150 230 260 800 5730 250 800 250 690 6170 420 670 900 2000 1320 3000 600 3000 0 300 1100 500 0 500 0 0 280 320 0 37330

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PROGRAM SQUARE FOOTAGE

PROPOSED PROGRAM

DIVISION AREA (SF) 500

1130

1200 1910

1990

3990

6600

1400

500 500 600

20320

FLEXIBLE SEATING SUPERSHELF PARK ARK FLEXIBLE FLEXIBLE SEATING BEYOND SEATING SUPERSHELF FLEXIBLE PARK PARK ARK REFERENCE AREA PARK ARK BEYOND SEATING SS BOH ARCH. ADMINISTRATION AREA BEYOND GALLERY SUPERSHELF BEYOND

FLEXIBLE SEATING

STREET

MEETING ROOM

CIRCUL. DESK

STAFF AREA

5 4 3 2 STREET

1

ARCHIVE

B

OPTION 1 DISTINCT PROGRAM FLEXIBLE SPACE CIRCULATION FLEX. AREA PA FLEX. RKAREA

FLEX. FLEX. AREA SEAT. FLEX. TECH AREA AREA STAFF FLEXIBLE AREA SEATING

STAFF AREA

STREET

FLEXIBLE SEATING CIRCUL. DESK

STAFF AREA

SUPERSHELF BEYOND SUPERSHELF BEYOND SUPERSHELF BEYOND SS BEYOND

MEETING ROOM

5

ARCHIVE

4 GALLERY

3

TELE. COMM.

BOH

ARCHIVE

BATHROOM

REFER. AREA

2 STREET

1

ARCHIVE

B

BACK OF HOUSE ARCHIVES PARK / POCKET PARK SUPERSHELF

OPTION 2

STREET

MEETING ROOM

LOBBY

P A R K

FLEXIBLE SEATING TING FLEXIBLE PA SEATING TING RK FLEXIBLE SEATING STAFF AREA

GALLERY

4 3 2 STREET

1

BOH

ARCHIVE

B2 ARCHIVE

B1

39

OPTION 3

NF | JG | BW

FLEXIBLE PA SUPERSHELF BEYOND SEATING RK REFERENCE SUPERSHELF PARK ARK AREA BEYOND SS ADMINISTRATION BOH BEYOND AREA

SYNTHESIS

CONSTRUCTION TYPE While studying the building codes to see what construction types were allowed, our proposed parameters left us with either concrete and steel construction or mass timber.

Although the concrete design can work within the new massing, the conrete and steel seemed counteractive to the communal element to the design. It felt sterile and muted.

To further emphasize the design’s intent, Mass Timber felt like a better fit as it brought warmth and comfort to the space.

ZONING FAR: LOT AREA: ALLOWABLE AREA: MAX BUILDING HT:

CONSTRUCTION TYPE MATRIX 500% 9,000 SF. 45,000 SF. PROPOSED AREA: 45,000 SF. 70 FT MAX PROPOSED BLDG HT: 70 FT

OCCUPANCY GROUP: A-3 B S-2

LIBRARY BUSINESS STORAGE (LOW-HAZARD)

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS REQUIRED? YES ALLOWABLE BUILD HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE: 70 FT OCCUPANCY TYPE: SPRINKLERED? TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT, VA A, B, S YES ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF STORIES ABOVE GROUND PLANE: OCCUPANCY TYPE: SPRINKLERED? A-3 YES B YES S-2 YES ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF STORIES ABOVE GROUND PLANE: OCCUPANCY TYPE: SPRINKLERED? A-3 YES (SM) B YES (SM) S-2 YES (SM)

5 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION IA, IB, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT IA, IB, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT IA, IB, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT, VA 45,000 SF TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION IA, IB, IIA, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT, VA IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVHT, VA

40

CONSTRUCTION TYPE ANALYSIS

STRUCTURE & EXPERIENCE

COMPETITION STRUCTURE: CONCRETE AND STEEL

Founder’s Hall By kaTO ARCHITECTS AND ZGF (LEFT) Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building by STUDIO MA (RIGHT)

NF | JG | BW

PROPOSED STRUCTURE: MASS TIMBER

41

SYNTHESIS

PROPOSED LIGHTING PROGRAM From the competition plans, we new recognized that a lot of the light in the site will be captured by the top floor but that the ground floor will capture little to no light.

Accepting this, we decided to create a lighting program, allowing public spaces to have the most light and offices and administration to have the most balanced levels of light and more Back of House programs to have little light.

LOW

MODERATE

42

PUBLIC READING AREAS MOST VARIED QUALITY PUBLIC PROGRAM SPORATIC USE

BROWSING AREA ND NEW BOOK DISPLAY

MEDIA COLLECTION AND SEATING

FICTION COLLECTION AND SEATING

FICTION COLLECTION AND SEATING

NON-FICTION COLLECTION AND SEATING

MODERATE CHANGES IN QUALITY PRIVATE PROGRAM CONTINUOUS USE

PERIODICALS

ADMINISTRATION, ENCLOSED SPACES

REFERENCE COLLECTION AND SEATING

LOBBY/CIRCULATION DESK

MEETING ROOMS

ADMINISTRATION SERVICES AREA

DIRECTOR’S/ASSISTANT DIRECTOR’S OFFICE

ADMIN. ASSISTANT

GENERAL STAFF OFFICES

STAFF LOUNGE

REFERENCE DESK

INFORMATION HUB

LIGHTING PROGRAM

CAFE

LITTLE CHANGE IN QUALITY SEMI-PUBLIC PROGRAM CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

MULTIPURPOSE ROOM

GALLERY

VESTIBULE

TELECOM/COMPUTER ROOM

COPY CENTER

RESTROOMS

LOADING DOCKS

PHYSICAL MEDIA ARCHIVES

DIGITAL MEDIA ARCHIVES

RARE BOOK BAULT

LARGE SCANNER ROOM

BACK OF HOUSE, ARCHIVES, MECHANICALS, ENTRY

HIGH

FLOOR 5

FLOOR 4

FLOOR 3

FLOOR 2

EXPLODED FLOOR PLAN (SE)

43

LIGHTING ANALYSIS

NF | JG | BW

FLOOR 1

SYNTHESIS

PROPOSED SKIN The original design proposed for a glass block module that encased the interior. We recognized this as inefficient in protecting the books as well as limited in its flexibility. We proposed instead for a curtain wall system with a metal mesh screen.

This maintains the strong grid and illuminating quality that the glass block produces.

This allows the interior to be free from the enclosure of the skin, and allows the skin react to the environment, opening and closing as the seasons go by.

44

METAL MESH MODULE SYSTEM

REACTIVE SOLID AND VOID

SKIN PRECEDENT Nth Ftizroy by Milieu and FIELDWORK (CENTER) Altis Belem by RISCO Architects (RIGHT)

NF | JG | BW 45

UNFOLDED ELEVATION

SYNTHESIS

INITIAL PROPOSAL COST With the new facade and metal mesh screen, we noticed that a lot of the budget went into the shell. This also brought up further concerns about the operational cost for the design as the thermal properties of the design is not ideal.

With this in mind, the design takes a shift towards a new iteration that allows the facade to maintain its quality and original intent, while performing more efficiently than the current proposal.

COSTS OTHER COSTS

$4,775,827

BUILDING SITEWORK

$292,680

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

$21,000

EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS

PERCENTAGE BASED COSTS SUBSTRUCTURE

SHELL

INTERIORS

SERVICES

EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING SITEWORK

OTHER BUILDING COSTS

$291,750

SERVICES

$4,583,861

INTERIORS

$1,794,413

2%

22%

SHELL

$3,458,524

31%

SUBSTRUCTURE

$376,520

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

2%

12%

0%

TOTAL COSTS: $15,594,575 TO BE REDUCED

2%

46

29%

COST ANALYSIS

$6,

11/1/2021 SUMMARY - ORDER OF MAGNITUDE COST ESTIMATE

Group

Description

A

Subtotal

SUBSTRUCTURE

A10 Foundations A20 Basement Construction B

$ $

154,700 221,820

$ $ $

764,768 2,241,626 452,130

$ $ $

919,682 568,000 306,731

$ $ $ $ $

392,000 273,000 1,959,431 266,096 1,693,335

$ $

75,000 216,750

$ $

9,000 12,000

$ $ $ $ $

35,000 35,000 65,000 30,000 154,510

SHELL

B10 Superstructure B20 Exterior Closure B30 Roofing C

INTERIORS

C10 Interior Construction C20 Staircases C30 Interior Finishes D

D10 D20 D30 D40 D50 E

E10 E20 F

F10 F20 G

G10 G20 G30 G40 G50

SERVICES Conveying Systems Plumbing HVAC Fire Protection Electrical EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS Equipment Furnishings SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION Special Construction Selective Building Demolition BUILDING SITEWORK Site Preparation Site Improvements Site Civil/Mechanical Utilities Site Electrical Utilities Other Site Construction SUBTOTAL General Requirements SUBTOTAL Bidding/ Costing Contingency SUBTOTAL Escalation to the Mid Point of Construction (12 Months @ 4% per year) TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST

$'s/SF

$

376,520

$

$

3,458,524

$

$

1,794,413

$

$

4,583,861

$

$

291,750

$

$

21,000

$

$

292,680

$

$

251.52

$

301.82

$

332.00

$

345.28

$

362.55

$

10,818,747

20%

$

2,163,749

$

12,982,497

10%

$

1,298,250

$

14,280,746

4%

$

571,230

$

14,851,976

$

742,598.81

$

15,594,575

5%

8.75 3.60 5.16 80.40 17.78 52.11 10.51 41.72 21.38 13.21 7.13 106.57 9.11 6.35 45.55 6.19 39.37 6.78 1.74 5.04 0.49 0.21 0.28 6.80 0.81 0.81 1.51 0.70 3.59

NF | JG | BW

OTHER/SOFT COSTS: Design & Construction Management Fees Construction Contingency Furnishings Project Management Costs TOTAL PROJECT COSTS

Total Cost

47

PRELIMINARY COST BREAKDOWN ZGERALD

MIDTERM Intermediate Progress & Considerations

NF | JG | BW 49

MIDTERM 50

FEEDBACK 1.

There is no contrast or hierarchy in the façade or any correlation to the context of the surrounding context because of the entirely mechanical façade.

2.

The entry and vestibule is under developed and needs further analysis on how to create a inviting entry space and frontage.

3.

The atrium neglects the impact of the learning spaces that exists within the competition entry’s atrium.

4.

Universal learning does not come across in the experience of the building because it is very linear.

5.

The façade and exterior of the building has a negative thermal and cost impact.

CONCEPTS & EXPERIENCE EXTERIOR BREAKING THE GRID CONCEPT

D AY TIM E

NIGHT TIME

EXPERIENCES

NF | JG | BW 51

MIDTERM

CONCEPTS & EXPERIENCE VESTIBULE At midterm the jurors stated that the vestibule experience was not one that people would enjoy since it’s very linear.

52

Referring back to our original concept of expansion -> compression -> expansion would later assist us in developing a entry and vestibule that is intriguing. Creating a shorter corridor to the atrium would increase the experience of the entry into the atrium because the atrium would appear larger.

ENTRY SEQUENCE

VESTIBULE

CIRCULATION INTO THE BUILDING

EXISTING VESTIBULE EXPERIENCE

CONCEPTS & EXPERIENCE ATRIUM ATRIUM & COLLABORATION

NF | JG | BW 53

MIDTERM

CONCEPTS & EXPERIENCE LEARNING After analyzing the midterm presentation the ideas of universal learning and the interior facade interacting with the people were not developed enough.

54

By looking at our concept going into midterm and the structure studying the reading room we realized that our idea was strong but there needs to be spaces that differ from this type of learning. While looking at the facade there was a realization that it should have a more privatized facade.

UNIVERSAL LEARNING

STRUCTURE SECTION STUDY

SPACE BRINGING TWO COMMUNITIES TOGETHER

STRUCTURE THAT CREATES AN EXPERIENCE

CONCEPTS & EXPERIENCE FACADE INTERIOR & EXTERIOR FACADE EXPERIENCE

QIUSUO SCREEN FACADE MANUFACTURER

INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE & TECH. BUILDING

BY STUDIO MA

55

OPEN INTERIOR

NF | JG | BW

SEMI-OPAQUE EXTERIOR

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Facade Progression, Programming, & Precedents

NF | JG | BW 57

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

FACADE PROGRESSION Post midterm the first idea we tackled was changing the facade by exploring materiality, grid concepts, and public/ private helped our design.

The first option was a limestone veneer that would blend in with the surrounding environment.

LIMESTONE COST ANALYSIS 58

REVISION SHOWCASING A MORE AFFORDABLE APPROACH

FACADE PROGRESSION LIMESTONE AXON

NF | JG | BW 59

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

FACADE PROGRESSION The second option was a brick veneer that would blend it with the existing row houses on St. James Street.

The third option was terra cotta which was a lighter and option that could provide more texture to the facade with a similar cost to the brick option.

TOTA

BRICK OPTION COSTS OTHER COSTS

$4,017,897

BUILDING SITEWORK

$280,000

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

$21,000

EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS

$291,750

SERVICES

BRICK OPTION PERCENTAGE BASED COST SUBSTRUCTURE

SHELL

INTERIORS

SERVICES

EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING SITEWORK

OTHER BUILDING COSTS

$3,906,527

INTERIORS

$1,533,535

3%

SHELL

$2,692,465

20% 31%

SUBSTRUCTURE

$376,520

$0

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

$3,500,000

$4,000,000

$4,500,000

2%

TOTAL COSTS: $13,119,693

12%

ORIGINAL

0%

97

2%

30%

BRICK COST ANALYSIS 60

REVISION SHOWCASING A MORE AFFORDABLE APPROACH

FACADE PROGRESSION BRICK AXONAXON & THE OWSLEY BROWN II HISTORY CENTER LIMESTONE

NF | JG | BW 61

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 62

FACADE PRECEDENT LIMESTONE JACOBS SCHOOL AXONOF MEDICINE & HARRAH’S AK-CHIN HOTEL

ATRIUM PRECEDENT THE LIMESTONE BOURSEAXON | INDIVIDUALITY/COMMUNITY & ATRIUM OF LIGHT

INDIVID

UAL

INDIVIDUAL

COMMUNITY

XIANDIANTI LIMESTONE AXON MALL | ATRIUM GREENERY & MATERIALITY

NF | JG | BW 63

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

MASSING DEVELOPMENT The initial mass to form focused on the sustainable concepts we wanted to consider in our project.

The final mass to form tells a story of how our building was developed through those considerations and ideas.

INITIAL DESIGN MASS TO FORM 64

CHANGES IN THE BUILDING SHAPE & IDEAS

MASSING DEVELOPMENT LIMESTONE FINAL DESIGN AXON MASS TO FORM

NF | JG | BW 65

The egress in the competition entry did not met code regulations or ADA requirements.

4' - 0"

" 1 /32 ' - 53 = 57 NCE IS TA SS D

8' - 0"

79’

COMPETITION ENTRY & INITIAL EGRESS TYPICAL FLOOR 66

EVOLUTION OF THE PATH OF EGRESS

1 70'

65' - 4 1/2"

EXIT ACCESS

77’

G RE

140’

EXIT ACCESS

4' - 0"

8' - 0"

.E MIN

The original proposal had the stairs on the northern side to maximize light into the building on the southern side before the consideration of the condo building. The final iteration it was flipped to hide the stairs in the wall because there couldn’t be openings.

140’

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

EGRESS PLANS

EGRESS PLANS LIMESTONE FINAL EGRESS AXON PLANS

EGRESS PLAN 80’ 64’

66’ 64’

LEVEL TWO L2

LEVEL FIVE L5

101’

101’

80’

90’ 69’

82’ 61’

LEVEL ONE L1

84’

70’

77’

BASEMENT ONE B1

101’

LEVEL FOUR L4

101’

LEVEL THREE L3

101’

EXIT STAIRS EXIT REMOTENESS (MIN. 50 FT)

75’

95’

EXIT DISCHARGE TRAVEL DISTANCE (MAX. 250’)

B2

CHBASEMENT 487 | CAPSULE TWO

101’

101’

NF | JG | BW

EXIT ACCESS

80’

NF JG BW

67

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM STUDY LIBRARY FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES EXPOSED MASS TIMBER STRUCTURE

OPERABLE WINDOW MODULE

VIEW TO WASHINGTON SQUARE

VIEW TO WASHINGTON SQUARE

LOW-PARTITION READING DESKS

PRIVATE READING OR VIEWING BAY

VIEWS TO WASHINGTON SQUARE OPERABLE WINDOWS READING SHELF

VIEWS TO WASHINGTON SQUARE OPERABLE WINDOWS READING SHELF

READING TABLES

68

STAFF OFFICE

SUPERSHELF

PROGRAM STUDY ATRIUM SKYLIGHT ACCESS TO GREENERY

GLASS ENCLOSURE STAFF / MEETING SPACES

INFORMAL CORRIDOR GATHERING SPACE CLUSTERED STUDY SPACES

STUDY SPACES

VIEWS TO S PARK POCKET

ATRIUM GATHER SPACE

NF | JG | BW

READING SHELF

SUPERSHELF

VIEWS FROM INTERIOR ROOMS

69

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT The program is arranged by private, public, and common spaces. The basement floors are mainly private.

The ground floor is a common area.

The staff areas are on the second floor and the further you ascend upward the more public the building gets.

Meeting/ Multipurpose Room

Reference and Information Hub

Public Entry & Loby

Periodicals Collection – Display & Seating

Gallery

General Collection & Member Reading Room

Atrium Archives Administration Circulation Services

General Building Services

Workroom

Deliveries, Loading, Temporary

Adjacent Proximity

PROGRAM DIAGRAM 70

BUBBLE DIAGRAM WITH ADJACENCIES & PROXIMITIES

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SECTIONS

502

402

9

302

502

403

402

303

202

9

105

102

001

3

8

401

302

301

201

102

003

102

16

32

PRIVATE/COMMON/PUBLIC SPACES

3

4

CROSS SECTION THROUGH ATRIUM 1/32”=1’ 1/16”=1’ 0

8

16

32

NF | JG | BW

PROGRAM SPECTRUM

103

6

002

3

LONGITUDIONAL SECTION THROUGH ATRIUM 1/32”=1’ 1/16”=1’ 8

501

205

104

3

0

502

71

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS DEPARTMENT PLANS

Meeting Room General Building Services ollection and Member

Staff Workroom Public Entrance and Lobby

ormation Hub Stairs Periodical Collection Archives Circulation Services General Collection and Member Reading Room Reference and Information Hub Administration

72

Gallery

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIMESTONE FINAL PROGRAM AXONPLANS

L2 LEVEL TWO

L5 LEVEL FIVE

L1 LEVEL ONE

L4 LEVEL FOUR

B1 BASEMENT ONE

L3 LEVEL THREE NF | JG | BW 73

B2 BASEMENT TWO

T E R RA COT TA BRICK VENEER T E X T U R ES C U RTA I N WA L L & M ES H S C R E E N (O P E N S PAC E ) BOOK NOOK ( I N D I V I D UA L S PAC E ) C U RTA I N WA L L REVISED BREAKING THE GRID

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS Detailing, Thermal, Structure, & Lighting

NF | JG | BW 75

THE PUBLIC FACADE

READING ROOM

6TH & PART- WALL ELEVATIONS

TYPICAL ROOF ASSEMBLY BUILT UP ROOF TAPERED RIGID INSULATION VAPOR BARRIER GYPSUM COVERBOARD CLT ROOF PANEL ELECTRICAL CAVITY OAK CEILING

READING ROOM

After reviewing our facade studies, looking at context, and anticipating thermal design, we decided to use a diverse language of masonry to reflect the response to the public realm of the park and adjacent residences and create a modular panel system in which the scale is predictable and where materiality is only altered from the exterior layer. Terracotta was chosen for the public realm, whereas brick was chosen for the private realm.

FLEX SEATING

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

FACADE DEVELOPMENT

VESTIBULE CANTILEVER

STAFF OFFICES

RADIANT FLOOR SYSTEM W/ SOUND INSULATION

TERRACOTTA SILL

TERRACOTTA SPANDREL PANEL

SHELF ANGLE

TONGUE & GROOVE WOOD SOFFIT PANELS

1

2

4

READING ROOM PROJECTION ROOF MOVABLE MESH SCREEN BUILT-UP ROOF W/ TAPERED INSULATION

VESTIBULE

0

STAFF ROOM

EXPOSED MASS TIMBER FRAMING

TYPICAL FLOOR ASSEMBLY OAK FLOOR RADIANT HEATING SYSTEM SOUND ATTENUATION INSULATION TONGUE & GROOVE CLT FLOOR ELECTRICAL CHANNEL OAK CEILING PANELS

TYPICAL FOUNDATION WALL DRAINAGE MAT RIGID INSULATION VAPOR BARRIER SITECAST CONCRETE FURRING CHANNEL GYPSUM BOARD

ALUMINUM & GLASS CURTAIN WALL

76

6TH ST ELEVATION & DETAILS TERRACOTTA PANELS CLAD THE ENTRY & FACE THE PARK

1

2

4

ARCHIVES

0

TYPICAL SLAB ASSEMBLY OAK OVER RADIANT FLOOR REINFORCED SITECAST SLAB VAPOR BARRIER RIGID INSULATION CRUSHED STONE

0

2

4

8

FACADE DEVELOPMENT

SKYLIGHT GLULAM TRUSSES AT ROOF

THE PRIVATE FACADE To add a sense of transparency while preserving intimacy, the brick screen was chosen as a substitutions for opaque brick panels.

Maintaining the language of the mesh mesh box, the brick screen acts to mimic the mesh, yet is used on the lower levels where a protected view towards the adjacent residences is important.

TYPICAL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

TREET ELEVATIONS

SAFING AT FLOOR LEVEL

BOOK NOOK ROOF

STEEL ANGLE & FLASHING (TYP)

MOVABLE METAL MESH SCREEN OVER CURTAIN WALL

METAL ROOFING AT BAY

GLULAM TRUSSES AT ATRIUM

0

1

2

4

0

1

2

4

BRICK SCREEN & PREFAB PANEL BRICK SCREEN ATTACHED TO ADJACENT PANELS

TYPICAL BRICK WALL ASSEMBLY: SOLDIER COURSING STACK BOND TIED BACK TO PRECAST PANEL VAPOR BARRIER METAL STUD WITH BATTS GYPSUM BOARD FINISH METAL & GLASS RAILING SYSTEM AT ATRIUM SUPERSHELF ALONG INSULATED EXTERIOR

BRICK SCREEN ASSEMBLY: ALTERNATING HEADER COURSE RUNNING BOND TIED BACK TO MULLIONS & ADJACENT BRICK VENEER OVER ALUMINUM & GLASS CURTAIN WALL

FOOTING ASSEMBLY: SITECAST WALL FOOTING REINFORCING TIED TO FOUNDATION WALL

0

2

4

8

ST JAMES PLACE ELEVATION & DETAILS BRICK PANELS & SCREENS FACE THE RESIDENTS

77

PERFORATED PIPE WITHIN MESH FABRIC AND GRAVEL

NF | JG | BW

TYPICAL FOUNDATION WALL ASSEMBLY

BUILDING ASSEMBLIES To ensure the performance of our building, we performed a thermal anlysis to understand heat gain, balance point, and location for vapor barrier implementation.

H

Interior Air Film 15.25

Rtot UAtot

BRICK WALL ASSEMBLY (R-VALUE) Layer Thickness Material

C

1.0 Air Gap

H

Interior Air Film 15.25

Rtot UAtot

YKK CURTAIN WALL ASSEMBLY (R-Value) Layer Thickness Material Low Emissivity Film YKK Recommended Equivalent B Energy Performance Rtot UAtot YKK SKYLIGHT ASSEMBLY (R-Value) Layer Thickness Material A Low Emissivity Film YKK Recommended Equivalent B Energy Performance

78

Rtot UAtot

0.68

1.471

U-Value

0.68

1.471

0.68 1.471 28.05 R-26 MIN. 0.036

R-Value 3.130

U-Value 0.319

3.226 6.356 0.1573

0.310

R-Value U-Value 3.130 0.319 3.226 6.356 0.157

0.310

ROOF ASSEMBLY R-32.875

A B

UA

C D E F

BRICK WALLS

BRICK WALL ASSEMBLY R-28.050 A

TERRACOTTA North South West GLAZING North

1531 1362 444

27.795 27.795 27.795

0.036 0.036 0.036

55.082 49.002 15.974

5459

6.356

0.157

858.874

West

2406

6.356

0.157 UAtot

378.540 2627.328

0.68 1.471 28.05 R-26 MIN. 0.036 R-Value

U-Value

Building Volume = Floor Area = Internal Temperature = ACH = UA skin = UA infiltration = UA total =

429000 30339 70 0.6

ACH x Volume ft^3 x 0.018 = UA + UA infiltration

Philadelphia Solar Insolation (Winter) South Facing Glazing = Horizontal Facing Glazing = South Facing = SF x 792/ 24 hrs Horizontal Facing = SF x 555/ 24 hrs Solar Gain Internal Heat Gains (assume 10hr occupancy) People Equipment Lighting Total Per Day

Total x 10/24

Internal Heat Gain

Per day x Floor Area

Balance Point Temperature = Internal Temperature - (Qi/UAtot) Qi = Internal Heat Gain + Solar Gain BPT = 70 - (99,021.375/7260.584)

B

C

D

E

F

Height = 60 Length = 143 Width = 50

BTU/day-ft^2 BTU/day-ft^2 BTU/h BTU/h BTU/h

1.9 BTU/(h-ft^2) 0.6 0.5 3 1.25

BTU/(h-ft^2) BTU/(h-ft^2) BTU/(h-ft^2) BTU/(h-ft^2)

37923.75 BTU/h

192080.25 BTU/h 43.54 F

H

YKK CURTAIN WALL WITH LOW EMMISITY FILM R-6.356 A B

2627.328 BTU/h-F 4633.2 BTU/h-F 7260.528 BTU/h-F

792 555 50094 104062.5 154156.5

T E R R A C O T T A W A L L A S S E M B L Y R-27.795 G

A B C

D

E

F

G

H

INTERIOR

1.0 Air Gap

U-Value

R-Value

EXTERIOR

C

R-Value

Area

INTERIOR

BRICK WALL ASSEMBLY (R-VALUE) Layer Thickness Material

BUILDING SKIN ROOF

INTERIOR

Rtot UAtot

R-Value U-Value 0.175 5.714 3 0.333 24 0.042 0.12 8.333 0.62 1.613 4.96 0.202 32.875 R-30 MIN. 0.0304

EXTERIOR

ROOF ASSEMBLY (R-VALUE) Layer Thickness Material A Exterior Air Film B 0.375 Built-up Roof C 6 Rigid Insulation D 0 Vapor - Seal, 2 layers E 1/4 Plywood Sheathing F 4 Cross Laminated Timber

EXTERIOR

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

THERMAL ANALYSIS

THERMAL ANALYSIS THERMAL AXON OPTMAL THERMAL PERFOMANCE CURTAIN WALL W/ OPERABLE METAL MESH & LOW EMISSIVITY FILM 6 R-VALUE (YKK 3 MIN.)

NF | JG | BW 79

HIGH THERMAL PERFORMANCE BRICK & TERRACOTTA PRE-CAST PANELS 33 R-VALUE (MIN R-26)

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

LIGHTING ANALYSIS FINAL DAYLIGHTING PLANS

SECOND FLOOR

L2 LEVEL TWO

GROUND FLOOR

L1 LEVEL ONE

BASEMENT 1

B1 BASEMENT ONE

80

BASEMENT 2

BASEMENT TWO B2

FIFTH FLOOR

L5 LEVEL FIVE

FOURTH FLOOR

L4 LEVEL FOUR

THIRD FLOOR

L3 LEVEL THREE

LIGHTING ANALYSIS

FINAL ILLUMINANCE PLANS POCKET P OCK ET PA PAR PARK RK

NONFICTION N ONFIC TION SEATING SE ATING 844 SF SF 844 502 502

MEDIA M E DIA C COLLECTION OLLE LEC CT TION ION

MEDIA M EDIA S SEATING E ATING 502 S F 502 SF 404 4 04 TECHNOLOGY T ECHN HNO OLOG OGY YA AREA REA 646 6 46 S SF F 3 308 08

W WC C 6 64 4S SF F 3 306 06

W WC C 1 152 52 S SF F 3 305 05

NF | JG | BW

MECH. M EC H. 114 1 14 SF SF B204 B20 4

ELECT. E LECT. 1 23 SF SF 123 B205 B20 5

81

300 to 750 LUX

WC WC 64 SF SF 64 407 407

301 3 01

CORRIDOR CORR RRIIDOR SF 2 2260 260 S F

C O OPY PY C CENTER ENTER COPY 2 219 19 S SF F 3 307 07

PHYSICAL P HYSICAL M MEDIA EDIA A ARCHIVES RCHIV ES 2530 S F 2530 SF B 203 B203

200 to 500 LUX

WC W C 64 64 SF SF 505 5 05

POCKET P OCK ET PARK PAR PA RK

REFERENCE R E FERENCE SEATING SEA SE A TING 1432 SF SF 1432 303 303

STAFF S TAFF L LOUNGE OUNGE 3 10 S F 310 SF B 11 110 0 B110

WC 64 6 4 SF SF B106 B106

WC 152 SF 152 S F B107 B107

RARE R A RE BOOK B OO OOK K VAULT V AULT 2554 2 554 S SF F B201 B20 B2 01

200 to 300 LUX

REFERENCECOLLECTION R EFERE NCECOLLE CTION BROWSING B ROWS ING AREA ARE A & N NEW EW B OOK OO K SEATING SEAT SEA TING BOOK Redundant R edun und dant Room Room B 114 B114

100 to 300 LUX

WC WC 152 SF SF 152 406 406

WC W C 151 1 51 S SF F 104 1 04

WC W C 70 7 0S SF F 105 1 05

F FICTION ICTION SE SEATING SEA A TING 7 793 93 S SF F 4 402 02

CORRIDOR CORR RRIIDOR 478 478 S SF F 102 1 02

CAFE C AF E 1314 SF SF 1314 B108 B10 B1 08

CORRIDOR C ORR RRIIDOR 1 417 S F 1417 SF B1 B11 11 B111

50 to 200 LUX

WC WC 152 152 SF SF 504 5 04

POCKET P OCK ET PARK PAR PA RK

C CORRIDOR ORR RRIIDOR 3 334 34 S SF F 4 401 01

READING R EA DING R ROOM OOM OO M 1 131 S F 1131 SF 4 03 403

DELIVERIES D ELIVE VER RIES & LOADING L OADING

CIRCULATION C IRCULA LAT TION D DESK ESK ES K 831 S F 831 SF 106 1 06

KITCHEN K ITCHEN 1 75 S F 175 SF B11 2 B112

MEMBER M EMBE R RECORDS RE CORDS 2 07 S F 207 SF B 10 103 3 B103

PLOTT PLOTTER PLO TER ER 1 171 71 S F SF B10 4 B104

50 to 100 LUX

MEETING MEE EET TING ROOM ROO OOM M 271 SF SF 271 507 507

MEETING M EET EE TING ROOM ROO OOM M 266 SF SF 266 506 506

CORRIDOR C ORR RRIIDOR 999 S F 999 SF 503 503

WC W C 6 4S F 64 SF 2 03 203

W WC C 1 152 52 S SF F 2 02 202

ADMIN. A DMIN. ASSIST AS SIS T 186 1 86 S SF F 2 210 10

ASSIST A S SIS T DIR. DIR. 177 SF 1 77 S F 212 212

EXEC. E X EC . D DIR. IR. 174 S SF F 174 209 2 09

BROWSING B ROW SING AREA AREA & NEW NEW BOOK BOO OOK KD DISPLAY ISPLA PLAY Y

LARGE LAR LA RG GE E SCANNER SCANNER R ROO ROOM OOM OO M DIGITAL D IGITAL M MEDIA EDIA A ARCHIVES RC CHIVES HIVE VES S 4 07 SF SF 407 527 5 27 S SF F B101 B101 B B113 113 11 3

L3 LEVEL THREE B1 BASEMENT ONE

REFERENCE R EFERE NCE D DESK ESK ES K 632 632 SF SF 302 3 02 TELECOMM T ELEC ELE COMM 1 66 SF SF 166 B109 B10 9 STORAGE S TORA GE 199 1 99 SF SF B105 B105

300 to 500 LUX

BASEMENT TWO B2

POCKET P OCK ET PARK PAR PA RK LOBBY/OPEN L OBB BBY Y/OP EN GALLERY GALLE LER RY 1518 1 518 S SF F 108 1 08

MULTIPURPOSE M ULTIPURPOSE ROOM ROO OOM M 1129 SF SF 1129 107 1 07

L4 LEVEL FOUR L1 LEVEL ONE

POCKET P OCK ET PARK PAR PA RK MULTIPURPOSE M ULTIPUR URP P OSE S STORAGE TORAGE 315 SF 3 15 S F B115 B 115 11 5

FICTION F ICTION C COLLECTION OLLE LEC CTION PERIODICALS PER PE RIODICALS COLLECTION COLLE LEC CT TION ION V E STIBULE VESTIBULE 125 1 25 SF SF 101 101

CUSTODIAL C US TODIAL W WORKROOM ORKROO OOM M 321 SF 3 21 S F B102 B102

STORAGE S TORA GE 115 1 15 SF SF 110 110 RECEPTION R E CEP EPT TION SERVICES SER SE RVICES 2 63 S F 263 SF 1 03 103

ADMIN A DMIN S SERVICE ERVICE 1 65 S SF F 165 2 207 07

L5 LEVEL FIVE L2 LEVEL TWO

NONFICTION N ONFICTION C COLLECTION OLLECTIION ON STAFF S TAFF M MEETING EE TING 248 2 48 SF SF 204 2 04

POCKET P OC KE KET T PARK PA RK C CORRIDOR ORR RRIIDOR 1 184 SF SF 1184 205 205

STAFF S TAFF WORKROOM WORK ROO OOM M 1050 SF 1 050 S F 208 208

POCKET P OC KE KET TP PARK A RK

POCKET P OC KE KET T PARK PAR PA RK STAFF S TAFF OFFICE OFFICE AREA A REA 4 31 SF SF 431 211 211

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FINAL STRUCTURAL PLANS

L2 LEVEL TWO

L5 LEVEL FIVE

L1 LEVEL ONE

L4 LEVEL FOUR

B1 BASEMENT ONE

L3 LEVEL THREE D C

B

A

82

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

BASEMENT TWO B2

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ENLARGED PLAN & BAY STUDY Floor Assembly: CLT Floor Deck LAYER Cross-Lam Timber Deck Sound Insulation Hardwood Floor

DEPTH (ft) 0.33 0.08 0.0625

Wall Assembly: Brick Prefab Panel LAYER Masonry - Brick Fired Clay Concrete - Precast 1/4" th. Steel Studs @ 16" o.c.

Batt Insulation (within studs) Gypsum Board - Type X

DENSITY (PCF) 150 150 492 1.1 42

Live Load: OCCUPANCY Book Stacks / Archives Egress Lobby / First Floor Corridor

PSF 150 100 100

D

DENSITY (PCF) PSF 36 12 1.1 4 17.1

C

HEIGHT (ft): 12 THICKNESS (in) PSF 3.625 45.3 4 50.0 6 1.82 5.5 0.50 0.625 2.19 TOTAL PSF: 99.8 FACADE PSF: 1197.83

B

CORE #1

PSF 80 50 60

OCCUPANCY Upper Corridors Administrative Offices Reading Rooms

25' - 0"

385.5 PLF

192.75#

STUDY CONDITION: Bay Length (ft) Bay Width (ft)

5

6

25 16

4

Floor to Floor (ft) Occupancy Load (psf)

12 60

Dead Loads (lb) Live Loads (lb) Total Loads

1368 4800 6168

385.5 Reactions (Beam A)

192.8

BEAM A: Girder Length (ft) Spacing (ft) Trib. Width Tributary Area (sf)

25 16 400

Dead Loads (lb) Live Loads (lb) Total Loads

6840 24000 30840

Point Loads (Beam C) Total Point Loads (lb)

4 1542

Distributed Point Loads Total Load/LF

61.68 1295

BEAM B: Spandrel Beam Length (ft) Spacing (ft) Trib. Width Tributary Area (sf)

16 2.5 40

Dead Loads (lb) Live Loads (lb) Façade Load (lb) Total Loads Total Load/LF

684 2400 1198 4282 267.6

COLUMN A: Interior Height (ft) Tributary Length (ft) Tributary Width (ft)

12 24 15

Reaction: Beam A (Girder) Reaction: Beam B (Beam) Total Load (lb):

32382 6168 38550

COLUMN B: Exterior Height (ft) Tributary Length (ft) Tributary Width (ft)

12 24 12.5

Reaction: Beam A (Girder) Reaction: Beam B (Beam) Total Load (lb):

16191 4282 20473

3

2

6

7

1

POTENTIAL SIZES: Species: Southern Pine PLF Length (ft.) Width (in.) Depth (in.) Cap (lbs.)

Structural Member 25 5 24.75 1412 Beam A: Girder 1295.28 5.5 23.375 1381 6.75 20.625 1310 Beam B: Spandrel Beam 267.61 Beam C: Joist 385.5

16

3 3.5 5

12.375 12.375 12.375

589 687 982

Column A: Interior 38550

12

6.75 8.5 8.5 8.5 10.5

9.625 8.25 9.625 11 11

40858 47487 60051 72086 96033

Column B: Exterior 20473

12

5.5 6.75 6.75 6.75 8.5

8.25 6.875 8.25 9.625 8.25

22278 24975 34963 40858 47487

NF | JG | BW

Total Load/LF

A

)

192.75#

385.5 PLF

192.75#

192.75# 192.75# 1295.28 PLF

385.5 PLF

192.75#

BEAM C: JOIST

385.5 PLF

5'0”

A N M8550# OR LU 3 RI CO TE IN

267.61 PLF

5'0”

BEAM A: GIRDER

192.75#

B N M73# OR LU204 ERI CO XT E

BEAM B: SPANDREL

192.75#

5'0”

16' - 0"

5'0”

385.5 PLF

5'0”

7

BEAM C: Joist 16 Length (ft) Spacing (ft o.c.) Trib. Width 5 80 Tributary Area (sf)

B

C

CORE #2 PARTY WALL

83

ENVELOPE & ANALYSIS

EXPERIENTIAL STUDY BOOK NOOK

1 6

4 8 1 CEILING/FLOORING: OAK FLOORING FINISH 1/2” THICK RADIANT TUBING PANEL SUBFLOOR OAK CEILING FINISH

2 7

5

2 BAY FLOORING: OAK FLOORING FINISH 1/2” THICK RADIANT TUBING PANEL SUBFLOOR METAL SIDING 3 CURTAIN WALL: ALUMINUM SUPPORTS DOUBLE GLAZING

5

4 BAY WALL ASSEMBLY: METAL SIDING 1” INSULATION KEY SE 4” CONCRETE PRE-CAST 6“ GLASS FIBER INSULATION ON METAL STUD 5/8” TYPE X GWB

3

5 BRICK WALL ASSEMBLY: BRICK CLADDING 1” INSULATION 4” CONCRETE PRE-CAST 6“ GLASS FIBER INSULATION ON METAL STUD 5/8” TYPE X GWB

EXPLODED AXON

KEY SECTION KEY SECTION

8 BOOKSHELF 8 BOOKSHELF KEY PLAN @ THIRD FLOOR KEY PLAN @ THIRD FLOOR KE

6 BUILT-UP ROOF ASSEMBLY: METAL SIDING BUILT-UP ROOF 6” RIGID INSULATION PLYWOOD SHEATING

84

7 STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY: MASS TIMBER COLUMN MASS TIMBER GIRDER MASS TIMBER BEAM 8 BOOKSHELF 8 BOOKSHELF KEY PLAN @ THIRD FLOOR

EXPERIENTIAL STUDY UM & VIEWS

ATRIUM & BOOK NOOK ILLUMINACE

ATRIUM VIEW VIEW ATRIUM

NF | JG | BW

BOOK NOOK NOOK VIEW BOOK

85

THE ATHENAEUM GLOW

THE FUTURE LIBRARY Final Proposal Documentation & Views

NF | JG | BW 87

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 88

SITE DESIGN BUILDING AXON

SITE DESIGN SITE PLAN & SITE SECTIONS SITE PLAN & SITE SECTION

NF | JG | BW 89

THE FUTURE LIBRARY

ELEVATIONS & MATERIALITY ART- WALL ELEV

90

6TH STREET ELEVATION

S. RANDOLPH STREET ELEVATION

ST. JAMES STREET ELEVATION

PARTI- WALL ELEVATION

0 08

8

16

32

BUILDING SECTIONS

006

6

12

24

NF | JG | BW

LONGITUDINAL PERSPECTIVE

91

THE FUTURE LIBRARY

ARCHITECTURAL PLANS 18

15

8

16

8

16

8 17

15

15

15

3

3

LEVEL TWO L2

22

22

3

3

22

22

3

3

LEVEL FIVE L5 18

9

23 8 12

11

19

10

2

13

3

8

3

LEVEL ONE L1 4

2

1

2

6

8

7 21

14

20 2

2

3

3

B1 BASEMENT ONE

14

3

3

L3 LEVEL THREE ROOM LEGEND: 1

1 ARCHIVE ROOM 2 BUILDING SERVICE ROOM 3 WATER CLOSET 4 PLOTTING SUPPORT ROOM 5 KITCHEN 6 CAFE 7 STAFF ROOM 8 SEATING AREA

1

2

92

3

18

4

B2 BASEMENT TWO

3

LEVEL FOUR L4

5

4

23

2

0

8

16

32

9 VESTIBULE 10 MULTIPURPOSE ROOM 11 LOBBY/OPEN GALLERY 12 CIRCULATION DESK 13 RECEPTION DESK 14 REFERENCE AREA 15 STAFF OFFICE 16 STAFF MEETING ROOM

16 STAFF MEETING ROOM 17 ADMIN SERVICE 18 BOOK NOOK 19 READING ROOM 20 COPY CENTER 21 TECHNOLOGY AREA 22 MEETING ROOM 23 POCKET PARK

BUILDING SECTIONS

NF | JG | BW

TRANSVERSE PERSPECTIVE

93

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 94

THE ATHENAEUM

A MESH LIGHT BOX SITS ATOP A COLOR TERRACOTTA BASE

THE VESTIBULE

NF | JG | BW 95

THE VESTIBULE IS OPAQUE AND CONCEALED, YET A THRESHOLD TO ATRIUM APPEARS

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 96

THE ATRIUM

THE ATRIUM WELCOMES THE VISITOR, LIGHT BASKS THE ATRIUM AND FEEDS INTO THE CORRIDOR

NF | JG | BW 97

AT NIGHT, THE CORRIDOR GLOWS TO BRING LIGHT BACK INTO THE ATRIUM

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 98

THE BOOK NOOK

THE BOOK NOOK IS A MOMENT OF REFUGE PROTECTED FROM THE ATRIUM

THE READING ROOM

NF | JG | BW 99

THE READING ROOM IS TRANSPARENT WITH VIEWS TO WASHINGTON SQUARE

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 100

VIEW FROM ST. JAMES PLACE

BRICK SCREENS FACE THE RESIDENCES, SEMI-TRANSPARENT AND INTIMATE

NF | JG | BW 101

AT A DIFFERENT SCALE, THE MODEL SURFACE IS PUNCTURED TO EMULATE THE BRICK SCREEN

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 102

MODEL PHOTOS

THE FUTURE ATHENAEUM SITS WITHIN ITS CONTEXT

ST. JAMES PLACE ELEVATION (MIDTERM)

NF | JG | BW 103

ST. JAMES PLACE ELEVATION (FINAL)

THE FUTURE LIBRARY 104

FINAL FEEDBACK 1.

The design of the skylight within the atrium should not be flat and should contain a shading device to prevent overexposure.

2.

The circulation desk of the Athenaeum should be more transparent and connected to the vestibule. Libraries require security for the protection of the books.

3.

Mechanical and sprinkler systems should be considered in the assembly of the building.

Mechanical systems require clearance and sprinklers need to protect the atrium.

4.

The learning stairs within the atrium are a great architectural feature, but their feasibility and intensity of use should be studied more. The sense of community is more evident in the book nooks and reading rooms, than the stair.

5.

The building interior materials are quite beautiful, but require an acoustical analysis to understand how echoey the atrium might become. Utilizing acoustical paneling, carpets, and area rugs the sound could be dampened.

NF | JG | BW 105

THE ATHENAEUM GLOW

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

8-17, 19,35,41,66 Photos by BEAU Architects

2

20 The Morgan Library & Museum. 2021. Etienne Louis Boullée. [online] Available at: <https://www.themorgan.org/collection/ drawings/247385> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

3

29,32 Behnisch.com. 2021. Behnisch Architekten / Genzyme Center. [online] Available at: <https://behnisch.com/work/ projects/0104> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

4

29 ArchDaily. 2021. Melbourne School of Design University of Melbourne / NADAAA + John Wardle Architects. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/622708/melbourne-school-of-design-university-of-melbourne-john-wardle-architects-nadaaa> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

5

41 Brick Visual. 2021. Founders Hall, Burr and Burton Academy - Brick Visual. [online] Available at: <https://brickvisual.com/ portfolio/founders-hall-burr-and-burton-academy/> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

6

41,55 Contract Design. 2021. Studio Ma Unveils Design for Arizona State University Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building | Contract Design. [online] Available at: <https://www.contractdesign.com/news/projects/studio-ma-unveils-designarizona-state-university-interdisciplinary-science-technology-building/> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

7

45 ArchDaily. 2021. Nth Fitzroy by Milieu / FIELDWORK. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/916342/nth-fitzroy-bymilieu-fieldwork-design-and-architecture> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

8 45 ArchDaily. 2021. Altis Belém Hotel / RISCO Architects. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/53485/altis-belemhotel-risco-architects#:~:text=RISCO%20Architects’%20new%205%2Dstar,the%20Monument%20to%20the%20Discoveries.> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

9

10

55 Archro.com. 2021. Perforated Metal Panels for Architectural Facade Design. [online] Available at: <https://www.archro.com/ products/perforated/perforated-facade.html> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

61 ArchDaily. 2021. Owsley Brown II History Center / de Leon & Primmer Architecture Workshop. [online] Available at: <https:// www.archdaily.com/890378/owsley-brown-ii-history-center-de-leon-and-primmer-architecture-workshop> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

106

11 62 Boston Valley Terra Cotta. 2021. Architectural Terra Cotta Manufacturer Boston Valley Terra Cotta. [online] Available at: <https://bostonvalley.com/> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

12

63 BLTa. 2021. The Bourse - BLTa. [online] Available at: <https://www.blta.com/portfolio/mixed-use-retail/the-bourse/> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

13

63 ArchDaily. 2021. Xintiandi Atrium Renovation / AIM Architecture. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/960828/ xintiandi-atrium-renovation-aim-architecture> [Accessed 11 December 2021].

14

68-69 ArchDaily. 2021. Library and Seminar Centre BOKU Vienna / SWAP Architekten + DELTA. [online] Available at: <https:// www.archdaily.com/955587/library-and-seminar-centre-boku-vienna-swap-architekten-plus-delta> [Accessed 11 December 2021].