Yvette van Bakel - The Hybrid hub –where logistics meet the social

THE HYBRID HUB where logistics meet the social

THE HYBRID HUB

where logistics meet the social Academy of architecture Graduation project 2021 Yvette van Bakel

Yvette van Bakel Graduation project Academy of architecture ‘20/’21

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INTRODUCTION This graduation year I developed a new fascination for the logistics of our cities. During the first corona lockdown it became more apparent that not only I, but the whole neighborhood became more and more dependent on parcel delivery. I wondered how this system worked, since I only saw and noticed the end result. What happens between my click to order and opening the door?

This opened up a new world for me. I learned that problems such as traffic safety, noise, and CO2 emissions, caused by logistics, are growing dramatically with the growth and densification of the city.

Changes are needed to preserve the liveability of the city.

These changes have already started.

As a reaction to these problems we see many logistic hubs pop up. A hub is a logistics facility where goods from one or more suppliers come together before they reach the final recipient. With the purpose of switching modes of transport, bundle shipments and/or additional services to deliver. These hubs work very well on a logistical level. However they lack the ability to be properly integrated into the city on an architectural level.

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The logistic hub typology is a building designated to business parks.The building itself has no relationship with its surroundings,

is closed-off, monotonous and monofunctional. The current typical logistic hub is not able to integrate into the city structure,while this inevitably has to happen since nearly all of the business parks in and around Utrecht are designated to become residential areas. In the upcoming years many more hubs will need to be realized to create a sustainable logistic platform in the city. In this project I will be focusing on the city Utrecht.

This is the moment and opportunity to look critically at the role that a logistic hub can play in our city and our neighborhoods with the help of architecture. My ambition was, and still is, to give a bigger meaning to this function. I’ve created a flexible typology wherein a hub can adapt to its surroundings and work as a connector within a neighborhood.

It’s a place where logistics can be experienced from up close in a social setting.

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Logistic block. Scale 1.100

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INDEX

Introduction

Research: city logistics

08

Concept: The hybrid hub

24

Design assignment

40

Appendix

108

Bibliography

122

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Committee: Jo Barnett Wouter Kroeze Marc Reniers Extern committee: .Gus Tielens Saša Radenovic

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Colofon Date of publication: 28th of september Author: Yvette van Bakel Pages: 121 Study: Architecture Msc Academy of Architecture 2020/2021 Special thanks to: Jo Barnett Wouter Kroeze Marc Reniers Andreas Mulder Anika Ohlerich Susanne Balm Walther Ploos van Amstel Jan Willem Tap Hans Lingeman CityHub Utrecht Annebel van den Heuvel Maxim van Oldenbeek Jasmijn Rothuizen Mark Vergeer

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Contact details: yvettevanbakel@hotmail.com +31-657522040

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Yvette van Bakel

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CITY LOGISTICS

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THE BIG FOUR caused by city logistics

1. Space There is not enough space for extensive use of space. The municipal policy is to move this out of the city. It is too busy, there’s too much traffic in a too small a space.

2. Safety

Trucks and delivery vans are four times more often involved in accidents compared to passenger cars.

3. CO2

Air pollution due to exhaust fumes.

4. Noise

Quality of life drastically reduced by noise pollution in residential areas

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For more information please see appendix I

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Growth parcels Subdivision of city logistics Subdivision of city logistics Before 2020 Construction logistics (27%) Service logistics (11%) Temperature-controlled (13%> 19% in 2050) Parcels and express (4%> 9% in 2050) E-commerce General cargo and retail (39%) Waste logistics (6%)

Source: Outlook city logistics (2015) report 2017, Green deal zes Source: Outlook city logistics (2015) report 2017. Green deal zes

Source: Warehousetotaal.nl (March 2021)

Due to the corona measures, in 2020 103 percent more parcels were delivered in the Netherlands than in the previous year, according to figures from Sendcloud.

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PostNL reported that it delivered a record number of 337 million parcels in 2020, a growth of 19 percent compared to 2019.

Sendcloud, the all-in-one shipping platform that links online stores to carriers such as PostNL, DHL, Budbee and Trunkrs, sees that this growth continues across the board.

In March an explosive increase in package volume became visible. The closing of the stores in December led to a peak with a tripling (+202 percent) of the package volume.

For more information please see appendix II

Source: Sendcloud 2021

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Fascination

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The logistics are divided in many different layers that together form the city logistics. I find Parcels the most fascinating, because this flow of movement is not confined to a shopping district. Parcels infiltrate every part of the city. Every front door is a possible end recipient.

What makes everyone has to deal with this

Source: www.newsweek.nl

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Logistics system

Unsustainable city logistics structure Figure 1 Harbour

Cargo ship

Distribution center

Truck >47m³

Truck <47m³

More sustainable logistics structure Figure 2 Harbour

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Cargo ship

Distribution center

Truck >47m³

The unsustainable city logistics structure* (figure 1) works as follows: goods arrive in Rotterdam

by Cargo ship. From there they are transported by trucks to distribution centers outside the city. From there they travel by (usually) smaller trucks to the city where they go to their final rrecipient

City center

In the newer system (figure 2) a transfer point is added between the outer city logistics and inner city logistics. This is a point where there’s a switch between transport and goods can be bundled.

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* These images give you an idea of the existing logistics flows, but please note that their are many variables.

Truck <47m³

City center

E-cargo <2,5m³ Yvette van Bakel

Logistic hub

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Logistics center built-up Distribution center

Distribution center

Logistic hub

XL

L

M

Logistic hub

S

$

$

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$

$

10.000m² - ....

5000m² - 10.000m²

500 - 5000m²

100 - 500m²

Truck

Truck Van

E-car

Cargo-bike E-bike Stint

Service point

XS

Distance radius

S

>>km

>10km <10km

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<5km 1km

City center

The development of hubs is a response to: densification, increase of consumption, decrease of logistic space, on-demand economy, increase delevery frequency and climate targets.

A hub is a logistics facility where goods from one or more suppliers come together before they reach the final recipient With the purpose of switching modes of transport, bundle shipments and/or additional services to deliver.

For more information please see appendix III

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A logistics center exists in different forms. It usually works as follows: The bigger the center the further away it’s oriented from the city. This is accompanied by more space, larger transport and fewer staff per sqm.

De smaller logistic centers, opposite to the large, can infiltrade the city up to it’s core and settle down in existing buildings. Inbetween we have the middle size logstic hub which is located in the city as well as on the outskirts. This Logistic center, also called logistic hub, functions as a transfer point between the outer city logistics and inner city logistics.

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Inefficiency research

De Pijp, $ Amsterdam

$

$

1000 businesses

2000 packages packages 2000 day aaweek

7000 households

Case study

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PARCLS Logistics combined with social gathering

In the study ’stadslogistiek in beeld’, the traffic movements in the De Pijp residential area have been mapped out. De Pijp is a lively area, but there are problems with the supply of shops, restaurants, companies and construction sites. Liveability and road safety are under pressure.

Figure 1 shows how many vehicles enter the neighborhood with the amount of cargo. This shows how inefficiently the system functioned

over time. Since 2017, PARCLS has been active in the district where it serves as a link between the end recipient and deliverer. PARCLS receives packages and you can send, bundle and return packages.

It also functions as a social point in the neighbourhood.

1000 vehicles a day

800 x 1 package 150 x 2 packages 50x 18 packages

The profitable hub

$ $

50/50

$ $

1 household orders 1 package a week

1 package €1,00 profit

=

8000 households needed

50% pick-up 50% delivery

800 packages a day

=

+

1 business 4 packages a week

=

Combination 1000 businesses 4000 households

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HUB costs €200.000 a year

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The hybrid hub - where logistics meet the social

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Logistic hub typology

Monotonous

Recently many logistic hubs pop up in and around the city. These hubs work very well on a logistical level However they lack the ability to be properly integrated into the city on an architectural level.

In

the

MPR

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perspective

(multi-year space 2020)

2020

for

the municipality of Utrecht indicates that it mainly wants to facilitate the growth of the

Monofunctional

city through infill development.

With as their main goal: ‘‘healthy urban livings for everyone’’. The municipality opts for multiple use of space and mix of functions over single use of space, so that the limited space is used optimally.

For the infill developments is being looked at business park in and around the city. The current hub typology is designated to these business parks. In addition,

Closed off / secretive

the space is used extensively and monofunctionally. This is contrary to the plans and principles of the municipality.

For more information please see appendix IV and appendix V

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Business park Zuilen

Only works/focusses on city scale

This is the moment and opportunity to look critically at the role that a logistic hub can play in our city and our neighborhoods with the help of architecture.

The ambition is to give a bigger meaning to this function and see what it can bring on a social level as well.

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The current typical logistic hub is not able to integrate into the existing city structure, because there is no acknowledgement to their surroundings or to what is happening inside.. this concerns me because this is a new type of function/building that we are introducing to the city and that we will see rise in the upcoming years, but it’s not sustainable for the future.

Designated to business parks

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STANDARD DIMENSIONS

Package 0,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 m 0,125 m³ 125L

Service van 2,6 x 1,6 x 1,6 m 6,6 m³

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21 p

Stint 2,5 x 1 x 1,1 m 2,7 m³

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Van 2,6 x 1,6 x 1,6 m 6,6 m³

53 packages

E-car 2 x 1 x 1,2 m 2,4 m³

6p

Cargo bike 1,3 x 0,6 x 1,0 m 0,78m³

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19 p

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THE HYBRID HUB

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THE HYBRID HUB

1

HUB LOCATION QUALIFICATIONS

2

Logistic hub CITY SCALE concept

3

PLUG-IN PROGRAM

4

Service logstics City scale concept

5

Quick-scan Hub + PLUG-IN

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The flexible typology

Hub diversity

I’ve created a flexible typology called the hybrid hub.

The significance of this hub concept is that it’s not designated to one type of location, or size or function.

It’s adaptable.

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It’s a flexible typology that can adapt to its surroundings and work as a connector within a neighborhood.

It’s a place where logistics can be experienced from up close in a social setting.

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1

HUB LOCATION QUALIFICATIONS

How is the location connected to the infrastructure?

The goal is to reduce traffic within the neighborhoods and therefore a hub location should be very closely connected to the highway or the ring road.

How many households and businesses are within a radius of 1km?

You need a strategic location where people can go within 5 minutes either by foot or bike. The goal is to stimulate people to pick-up their package at a hub and to do so a hub should be close-by. Also, the quantity of packages that go through the hub must be high enough to ensure the hub can be profitable. This is related to the amount of households and businesses in the neighborhood.

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Within what radius are other hubs located?

How much of their operating field overlaps? They are not meant to be competing against each other.

Together they serve all residents and businesses in the city.

Is there space for a hub?

With the scarcity of space in the city, it is important that the hub is flexible in the way it’s integrated

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Hub radius

BLUE: Existing construction hub locations

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Overvecht

Lage Weide

Project location

Overve

Ondiep

CAB

2

Thomas á Kempisplantsoen

Central station

Oog in al

Beurskwartier

Kanaleneiland

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Meerwedekanaalzone

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echt

Tuindorp

Tuinwijk

ORANGE: Current existing M hub locations

Witte Vrouwen

Rijnsweerd DOM

Uithof

Galgenwaard

Rotsoord

UTRECHT 500m

1 km

N

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Lunetten

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3

PLUG-IN PROGRAM

The ‘plug-in program’ is the program that will be combined with the logistical function which together forms a city hub. The plug-in program could be anything, but at least it should work as a connector between the logistical program and the neighborhood. All city hubs can have a different mix of programs, since no location is the same, this makes every hub unique.

It is important that all key players: the logistics, the neighborhood and the plug-in program, benefit from each other and therefore strengthen one another.

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For example At location Rotsoord there is an allotment garden which currently is under pressure to be removed.

It would be interesting to see if by combining a logistic function to the garden that it can be preserved.

The allotment garden lends itself to be placed on the roof which allows the logistic hub to be directly connected to the infrastructure.

Especially during the corona pandemic the use of allotment gardens and the production of vegetables has grown. The logistic hub can serve as a connection between the gardeners and the inner city restaurants who could buy the locally grown greens. Adding a catering facility to the plot would make the program circle complete.

The restaurant is supplied through the hub, uses greens grown on their own roof and attracts people to come eat and pick-up their package at the hub.

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Image 1 Current hub program set-up

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Image 2 New hub program set-up

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Lage Weide

Project location

Overvec

Ondiep

CAB

4

Thomas á Kempisplantsoen

Central station

Oog in al

Beurskwartier

Kanaleneiland

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Meerwedekanaalzone

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cht

Tuindorp

Tuinwijk

Witte Vrouwen

Rijnsweerd DOM

Uithof

Galgenwaard

Rotsoord

UTRECHT 500m

1 km

N

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Lunetten

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4

SERVICE LOGSTICS

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The service logistics is quite a special element within all these different types of logistical flows. Service logistics is the handy man, for example the plummer, who drives into the city with it’s van and goes from home to home. In the near future these vans will be banned out of the city. We need to facilitate the service logistics with a place where the handyman can switch from van to E-bike or cargo bike.

In these specific places you need the following things: 1. there should be a place to park their own car, or it should be well connected to public transport. 2.

There should be a place inside for the handy man to have their lunch, because they would commonly have lunch in their bus, which is not possible anymore. This allows them to meet colleagues.

3. There should be a small workshop where they can prepare and repair things and where they can refill the cargo-bike with materials.

4. Besides that all a hub that provides service logistics needs to be well connected to a construction hub which provides the hubs with materials.

HUB + PLUG-IN

Service logistics Service man

Shopping center

IN

Transfer point

Catering / hospitality

€

IN IN EX

€

IN EX EX

M

End point

Social gathering

Intensive use of space

EX IN EX

€

€

P

Small commerce

€

M M PL P

Extensive use of space

€

M L P P L IN

Indoor parking

L EX P M

Green outdoor facility

Pre-war neighborhood Old city fabric

Post-war neighborhood Newer construction

L

P

P M

Water transport

P€

L

Dwellings

IN

P

Parking

€

€

P

Sport facility

P

Workplace

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5

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Location

Logistic flow

opportunity

Ondiep

s

IN Majoor Bosshardt

Rotsoord

Tuinwijk

Columbuslaan

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General

IN

ke

IN

€

s

IN P

EX

Location

Overvecht shopping center

General

Logistic flow

opportunity

P

€

IN

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Biltstraat

Nova shoppingcenter

CAB

P

IN

P P

€

IN P

EX Yvette van Bakel

Thomas á kempisplantsoen

IN

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CITY HUB ONDIEP

The hybrid hub - where logistics meet the social

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Project location Ondiep

Lage Weide

Overve

Ondiep

CAB

Thomas á Kempisplantsoen

Central station

Oog in al

Beurskwartier

Oudenrijn

Kanaleneiland

Meerwedekanaalzone

Nieuwerijn

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Kanaleneiland

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echt

Tuindorp

Tuinwijk

Witte Vrouwen

Rijnsweerd DOM

Uithof

Galgenwaard

Rotsoord

UTRECHT 500m

1 km

N

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Lunetten

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Analysis

Connection to infrastructure What makes this location interesting is that it is not directly connected to the main road. Which means you cannot use a big truck to deliver the packages because you don’t want to bring them into the neighborhood.

That means that this location will become a middle size hub.

Green zones If we zoom in we see that this location is situated between two green areas. The park is a branch from a walking route following the Vecht and Thorbecke sport parks, which contains several public functions. This location is exactly in between these two areas and it gives us the chance to connect these areas and to let the hub serve as a link between it.

Existing parking facility Behind the plot there is a big parking lot which is meant for the sports facilities which are located on Thorbecke park. The parking facility is mainly used in the evenings when there is for example soccer practice, while during the day it is almost empty. This offers possibilities for the handyman to park their vans here and change into cargo bikes.

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X

P

Green zones

Existing parking facility

The plot is in between two schools.

The building currently there is used by KPN as a ‘wijkcentrale’.

The parking space in front of the building is used by people working in the nearby offices.

Building year: 1950 Purpose of use: office function Surface area: 704m²

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Connection to infrastructure

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5

7 13

15 4

12 10 2 1 3

16

8 6

14 9

Thorbecke park

11

2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

16

16

16

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Location building

Buildings in the area 47

The location is surrounded by different building typologies. If we look at the organization of the neighborhood we see outside of Thorbeck park * mainly closed building rows, which all serve as houses or appartments.

On Thorbecke we see a more campus type of structure with independent /stand alone buildings with an individual character. The buildings on the north east side of thorbecke are all orient towards the mainroad, while the buildings on the south east side orient themselves towards different directions.

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* My plot is part of Thorbecke park.

Thorbecke park facilitates the footbal club (with three fields), community/sports center, three appartment blocks, an elementry school, day care and several offices.

Thorbecke is situated inbetween Marnixlaan, Laan van chartroise and Royaards van Den Hamkade.

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Thorbecke park

La

an

va n

Ch

Neighborhood

Daycare

ar

tr

Fe

oi

se

nc e Parking

Fe

nc e

Opening up plot

Primary school Sport parc

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Neighborhood connector Logistics Pedestrian route Residents neighborhood

Future use of parking facility

MORNING EVENING Subdivision of city logistics

Construction logistics (27%)

Residents neighborhood Pedestrian route Logistics route

MORNING

Service logistics (11%)

Temperature-controlled (13%> 19%

EVENING

Parcels and express (4%> 9% in 205 E-commerce

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Movement through plot

General cargo and retail (39%) Waste logistics (6%)

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Marnixlaan

Marnixlaan

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Laan van Chartroise

Laan van Chartroise

After

51 The hybrid hub - where logistics meet the social

Before

Residents neighborhood Pedestrian route

Marnixlaan

Logistics route

X Laan van Chartroise Yvette van Bakel

Lines of movement

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PROGRAM

Residents

Pick-up point

School

Repair cafe

Transfer point

Repair shop

Logistics

Service logistics

Workshop

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The hub will be combined with a repair shop which functions as the connector between the residents and the logistics. It is important while deciding on the program, that all key players benefit from each other.

The residents, the school and the service men can make use of the workshop of the repair shop. The repair shop benefits from the logistical connection. The ordered parts are directly delivered at the workshop. Passers-by are confronted by the hub function The residents can collect their and repair cafe while following the package at the hub and come Pedestrians route. in contact with the repair shop.

53

Existing building Materials

Used ventilation pipes Shingles

* Window size: 1100 x 1100mm * Windowd frame: 67 x 114mm * Amount: 41

In the mind and ideas of the repair shop I want to cherish the qualities and different components of the existing building. The existing element will be given a new life.

It concerns 370m² yellowish brick, 41 identical window frames and some of the visual aspects such as the roof structure. There is also room for the use of used ventilation

pipes coming from the inside of the building. All these parts will be used in a different way. Bricks will be used for the logistical function.

The window frames will be used for the repair shop and the second hand materials from other places will be used for the cladding of the building.

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* Brick size: 210 x 100 x 50mm * Amount: 370m² bricks * 72 bricks per 1m² * Total bricks: 26.640 bricks

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RE-USE

Building built-up

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4. Skin

The roof and facade envelops, and th combines, all elements together.

4.1 A light street, inspired by the existing building is placed of the logistical bloc

4.2 The skylight roof continues downward meet the pedestrian route. In the middle the roof adapts itself to the program underneath and goes straigh

4.3 The front and back facing planes are semi-transparant and give the arriving user a first glimpse of what is happen inside. An overhang is created on the front and back entrance to function a transition zone between outside and inside.

3. Carrying struct

The carrying structure carries the roo and floors. The floors contain the Re workshops and office space for the lo planners.

2. Logistical block

These blocks contain all the logstics p They are the core element in the buil position themselve on both sides of t pedestrian route. The blocks are conn two bridges that rise over the walking

Oute

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r wa

ll

1. Pedestrian rout

The pedestrian route connects the p zones on either side of the plot. It cro plot diagonally and plays an importa the building set-up.

building is placed of the logistical blocks

4.3 The front and back facing planes are 4.1 A light street, inspired by the existing semi-transparant and give the arriving building is placed of the logistical blocks user a first glimpse of what is happening inside. An overhang is created on the front and back entrance to function as a transition zone between outside and inside.

4.2 The skylight roof continues downwards to meet the pedestrian route. In the middle the roof adapts itself to the program underneath and goes straight.

4. Skin

4.2 The skylight roof continues downwards to

The roof and facade envelops, and thus meet the pedestrian route. In the middle roof adapts itself to the combines, allthe elements together. program underneath and goes straight.

4.1 A light street, inspired by the existing building is placed of the logistical blocks

3. Carrying structure 4.3 The front and back facing planes are semi-transparant and give the arriving

The carrying structure carries roof, facades user a first glimpse of what isthe happening inside.The An overhang is created on the and floors. floors contain the Repair shop front and back entrance to function as a workshops andzone office spaceoutside for the transition between andlogistical 4.3 The front and back facing planes are inside. planners.

4.1 Asemi-transparant light street, inspired the existing andby give the arriving building is placed of of the logistical blocks user a first glimpse what is happening inside. An overhang is created on the front and back entrance to function as a transition zone between outside and inside.

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4.2 The skylight roof continues downwards to meet the pedestrian route. In the middle the roof adapts itself to the program underneath and goes straight.

4.2 The skylight roof continues downwards to meet the pedestrian route. In the middle the roof adapts itself to the program underneath and goes straight.

3. Carrying structure

The carrying structure carries the roof, facades and floors. The floors contain the Repair shop workshops and office space for the logistical planners.

The carrying carries the roof, facades These blocksstructure contain all the logstics program. and floors. floors contain thebuilding Repair shop They are theThe core element in the and workshops and office for the position themselve onspace both sides oflogistical the 4.3 The front andThe backblocks facing planes are planners. pedestrian route. are connected by

3. Logistical Carrying structure 2. blocks semi-transparant and give the arriving

two bridges rise over theiswalking route. user a that first glimpse of what happening inside. An overhang is created on the front and back entrance to function as a transition zone between outside and inside.

4.3 The front and back facing planes are semi-transparant and give the arriving user a first glimpse of what is happening inside. An overhang is created on the front and back entrance to function as a transition zone between outside and inside.

2. Logistical blocks

These blocks contain all the logstics program.

They are the core element in the building and

2. Logistical blocks 3.

Carrying structure

position themselve on both sides of the pedestrian route. The blocks are connected by These blocksthat contain all the program.

The carrying structure carries the roof, facades two bridges rise over thelogstics walking route.

They are theThe core element in the and and floors. floors contain thebuilding Repair shop position themselve on both sides of the workshops and office space for the logistical pedestrian route. The blocks are connected by planners. two bridges that rise over the walking route.

The pedestrian route connects the public green zones on either side of the plot. It crosses the plot diagonally and plays an important part in the building set-up.

2. Logistical blocks

These blocks contain all the logstics program.

They are the core element in the building and

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1. Pedestrian route

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Theme: Exposure

This building is all about exposure and showing. The logistical process usually takes place behind closed doors, but in this building I put the process on display. This also applies for the other elements in the building for example: the carrying structure stays visible at all times. You will see this theme return in the design choices.

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Logistic blocks

All vertical movement happens within the blocks. All horizontal movement happens outside of the blocks. The van or cargo bike enters the building from the back and gets transported to the right floor. On the bridge itself is the load and unloading station.

The packages are transported to the package wall by conveyor belts that hang in the open space.

Also the people that make use of the repair shop workshops move vertically through these elements and this is a moment where they can come very close to the process by small details such as an elevator with a window that moves you past all the stalled cargo bikes.

Direction movement

50/50

profitable HUB costs €200.000 a year

1 package €1,00 profit

1 household 1 package a week

50% pick-up 50% delivery

Package 0,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 m 0,125 m³ 125L

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everything that involves the logistical program is contained in these core volumes. As soon as a van enters the building it’s treated the same as any other element in the logistical process.

It is not a more important or dominant part than the package itself. It’s treated as equals so it moves by the samen rules as the package does.

$ $

Van 2,6 x 1,6 x 1,6 m 6,6 m³

53 packages

Cargo bike 1,3 x 0,6 x 1,0 m 0,78m³

6p

Ondiep

5000 households

Week

5000 packages

Day

700 packages

Year

260.000 packages

Vans

11 a day

Cargo bike

Twice a day

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$

59

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Front logistical block materialization

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For the design of the blocks I use the so-called Picado technique.

This is a technique where the bricks are cast in concrete and parts of the top layer are chipped away to show a ruff brick pattern underneath.

The design pattern is deliberately very sleek and organized. These blocks represent the logistics system and I want to emphasize this extreme organized structure.

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Outside to inside: Expanded metal sheet Fixing system Metal spacer Curtain wall Thermal break Metal spacer I-profile

Detail Scale: 1.10 152

44

108 460

100

4024,02

Rear logistical block materialization

Outside to inside: Concrete Bricks cast in concrete Reinforcement Cast concrete I-profile within cast concrete Cover

Detail Scale: 1.10 50

177

133 400

40

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Concrete chipped away

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62 Piccado technique

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* Brick size: 210 x 100 x 50mm * Amount: 370m² bricks * 72 bricks per 1m² * Total bricks: 26.640 bricks

Study samples

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Picado technique

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+00

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Cargo lift 1st floor 67

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+02

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Cargo lift 2nd floor 69

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+00-01

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Lift 71

Laan van Chartroise

01

02 4400

03 4200

04 4200

05

06

4250

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07 3500

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4200

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4100

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Laan van Chartroise

74

+03

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+00

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Package wall Ground floor 77

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+00

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Staff room Ground floor 79

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+00

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Conference room Ground floor 81

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11

Facade contour

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Section

Perspective cross section

10

8

9

6

Facade contour

5

3

Facade contour

1 2 3 4 5 6

Basement Parking space for staff members Repair cafe A place to come and work together on repairing projects Pedestrian route Workshop Closed off working space with heavier machines Package conveyor belt Passes the workshop where packages can be picked-up

7 8 9 10 11

Workshop Repair shop & service logistics Logistical blocks Package unload and load station Storage of packages and cargo bikes Delivery van unloading station Skylight Lights process from above Playground

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Cargo bike Load and unloading station

7

4

1

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+00

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Re-using windowframe Balustrade 1st and 2nd floor

Head Jamb 966mm

Side Jamb 1100mm

glass plate 966x966mm

Sill 966mm

* Window size: 1100 x 1100mm * Windowd frame: 67 x 114mm * Amount: 41

X 41

X 82

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X 41

X 41

Side Jamb 1100mm

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ide

W

or

sla

o b fl

The existing window frames are being used for the balustrade around the workshop spaces. The idea is to separate the window frame into four frame jambs. The floors are carried by the I-beam structure and a band of beams around the floors provide a base for the balustrade to rest on. The distance between the jambs is the size of the existing glass. An important detail to the carrying structure of the floor is that the beam stays visible from underneath.

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I-beam visible from underneath

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+01

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Workshop 1st floor 91

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+01

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+01

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Workshop 1st floor 95

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+02

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Workshop 2nd floor 97

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North view

+13000

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+13000

+9100

+6400

+3400

P=0

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P=0 P=0 P=0

+13000 +13000 +13000

+9100 +9100 +9100

+6400 +6400 +6400

+3400 +3400 +3400

West view

P=0 P=0 P=0

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+13000 +13000 +13000

+9100 +9100 +9100

+6400 +6400 +6400

+3400 +3400 +3400

East view

P=0 P=0 P=0

+13000 +13000 +13000

+9100 +9100 +9100

+6400 +6400 +6400

P=0 P=0 P=0

South view

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+3400 +3400 +3400

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Outside to inside: Expanded metal sheet Fixing system Metal spacer Curtain wall Thermal break Metal spacer I-profile

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Detail Scale: 1.10 152

44

108 460

100

4024,02

Outside to inside: Outside to inside: Metal shingles Concrete Wood framework Bricks cast in concrete Metal spacer Reinforcement Waterproof layer Cast concrete Hard insulation I-profile within cast concrete Thermal break Cover I-profile

Concrete chipped away

152 50

20 177

120 115 22 22 133 40 460 400

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Detail Detail Scale: 1.10 Scale: 1.10

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+00

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Back entrance 105

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX I General issues

The Netherlands is expected to have 18.3 million inhabitants in 2035, 1 million more than today. According to the CBS (statistics Netherlands), almost three quarters will live in large and medium-sized cities.

Utrecht is expected to grow by 20% and will have more than 420,000 inhabitants within 15 years. Together with Amsterdam, Utrecht is one of the fastest growing cities in the Netherlands.

In order to guarantee the quality of life, health and attractiveness of the city, from 2025 it will no longer be allowed to supply the city center shops and companies by means of trucks and vans that run on petrol or diesel. The city expands the pedestrian zone and creates a space where only trucks and vans that have no emissions are welcome.

Alternative means of transport such as electric cars, scooters, bicycles, boats and even drones The growth of a city brings a will have to be used. number of problems with it: tightness in the housing market, more tourism, logistics growth, more traffic on the road and traffic congestion.

The biggest critical points in the growth of logistics are the space it occupies, road safety, the reduction of air quality and noise pollution. The old city centres, which most cities in the Netherlands have, often have to deal with narrow streets and the roads and quays are not able to withstand the heavy daily freight load.

Green Deal Zero Emission city logistics These measures do not come completely out of the blue. At the end of 2014, Utrecht signed the Green Deal Zero Emission city logistics (ZES). Participants in the Green Deal ZES are not only testing new practical logistics solutions, but also combinations of new technologies, public-private partnerships and adapted regulations.

Through so-called Living Labs (regional pilots), they are investigating various improvement options, ranging from organizing transport differently, applying new vehicle technology to testing innovative logistics solutions.

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In addition, the municipality is step-by-step tightening its policy regarding the city center in order to achieve the goal of supplying the entire city with zero emissions by 2025. Utrecht has had an environmental zone for diesel trucks since 2007. In 2015, the ban was extended to diesel passenger and delivery vans and in 2018 the municipality expanded the pedestrian zone in the center significantly and window times for non-clean trucks were limited and window times for clean cars and electric vehicles were extended.

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APPENDIX II From postoffice to service point The postal director.

Over time an extension of

The home of the postmaster was

functions and more

the place where the mail was

important roll in society

delivered and could be picked up.

First postoffice designed by

1856 1850

Chief Government

1994

Architect C.H. Peters.

Introduction of the postal law

Post office history

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the postmaster’s house was the place where the mail was delivered and that is where the mail could be collected (the postman came later).

Het Paalhuis in Amsterdam was one of the first buildings to serve as a place where mail could be dropped off and picked up. The Postal Act of 1850 stipulated that every municipality should have a post office. These offices

were often designed by the government architect of the time: C.H. Peters. use of red brick with horizontal yellow sandstone bands and the application of decorative masonry.

It is 2008 when PostNL, then TNT Post, decides to close down its post offices. From now on, customers have to go to service points for their parcels and stamps. The Netherlands now has 3400, housed in The role of the post office supermarkets, hardware stores gradually expanded. It also and office and tobacco shops served as a public office for, among other things, the Rijkspostspaarbank.

Em

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Distributioncenter and

Service points only

?

merge of Internet shopping

2016

2008 -2011

Service points under a lot of pressure

Closing of the last post offices

Cultural-historical values - Special significance of the post office as an essential part of a larger whole (neighbourhood, district or village), which is of national importance for culturalhistorical, architectural-historical and/or urban development

- Importance of the post office - Importance of the post office due to innovative value or for the appearance of a city, pioneering character as a special village or district expression of a technical and/or typological development

- Special significance of the post office due to its relationship to the other buildings (the related parts)

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- Importance of the post office as a special expression of a cultural and/or social development (in this case an expression of the regained prosperity, the optimistic belief in a modern, open society)

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Why stores don’t want to accept packages anymore The postal service only pays the retailer 25 cents per package.

If there is already a label on the box, the fee is just twenty cents. The contribution is only two cents for a sheet of stamps.

Previously, the retailers received 31 cents per parcel, but PostNL has reduced this, because it would be compensated with the large increase in parcel orders.

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In some stores, the growth actually leads to problems. “There are locations where so many packages have to be stored that they get in the way of the regular goods.” It is offered to retailers under the guise of bringing additional potential customers into the store, but those customers don’t often by anything else.

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Example: PostNL point on Java Island handles about 100 to 120 packages per day. That is converted €30 earnings per day. On average, one package is 30 x 20 x 10 cm. Then you need a space of at least 1.6m wide and 3m high.

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APPENDIX III Different hubs: - Regiohub logistics decoupling point (LOP) A large amount of goods arrive here from Rotterdam, Schiphol or Germany.

Possibly by means of (sea) containers, trailers, and swap bodies. Here it is transferred to lorries (possibly also smaller sized lorries). There is room here for the large trucks to turn around and transfer cargo.It is at least 10km from the city. From here it goes to one of the city hubs. The size is between 5,000 and 10,000m² - Construction Hub Here, goods for construction projects can be temporarily stored if there is no space for this on the construction site (usually a problem at construction sites in the city). Often these hubs are also construction wholesalers.

In Amsterdam and Utrecht the construction hubs are connected to each other by the water. The size is approx. 5,000m² or more.

- Business hubs These are logistics centers of individual companies such as Albert Heijn, Picnic or Bol. These companies are so large that they arrange their own logistics transport. They are independent and are often located on the outskirts of the city or further afield.The size is approx. 5.000m² or more.

- City hub These are small hubs in the city that usually specialize in a theme (eg parcels). This is where the most variation is possible. They can differ in size, specialization, location and business plan. Goods are brought from the Regiohub, or suppliers bring it directly here themselves. The hub is always combined with another function to be profitablez. A city hub can vary from 100m², to 1,000m² to max. 5,000m².

The municipality of Utrecht focuses on three different decoupling points: - Multimodal nodes: a location where transshipment between train, inland shipping and road transport is possible.This point is located in Lage Weide where train, water and road come together.

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- Logistics Decoupling Points (LOP), as discribed above. From here the smaller unit drives drive into town to deliver the goods.

- City distribution center (SDC): A transport company with a distribution center on the outskirts of a city where third parties can deliver goods. The SDC then delivers the goods to the city centre. Utrecht has had a recognition scheme since the 1990s, whereby recognized SDCs (currently four: DHL, GLS, PostNL and Transmission/Cargohopper) are exempted from window times and are allowed to drive on bus lanes.

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City hub small City hub big

Company hub

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APPENDIX IV Municipality of Utrecht In the Utrecht Spatial Strategy (RSU 2016), Utrecht has opted for healthy growth by focusing primarily on infill: utilizing (new) housing locations in places within the city. Beurskwartier and Merwedekanaalzone have been designated as two important development areas for housing, but Leidsche Rijn also remains an important growth location. In addition, inner-city densification and reprofiling is taking place on outdated business parks such as Cartesius-driehoek and Wisselspoor, and space is being created for healthy growth of the economic core area of Utrecht Science Park/Rijnsweerd.

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In the multi-year perspective for space 2020, of the municipality of utrecht, the municipality focuses on the following tasks: Balanced housing market, Work for everyone, Sustainable mobility, Healthy living climate including greenery and Healthy area development.

How do you promote the health of the inhabitants and visitors of the city?

- limit or completely exclude from car traffic in the center. Stimulate walking and cycling - presence of small parks or a large park.

- Combining functions of buildings, a healthy mix of functions - green roofs - sufficient supply of organic supermarkets and eateries There are 4 basic principles for healthy living and working in Utrecht: Healthy and clean travel through the city, possibility to move, promotion of synergy between public and private space and presence of healthy basic facilities.

Source: TNO, slimme en gezonde stad

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City growth According to the ‘bevolkingsprognose Utrecht’ The city of Utrecht currently has 350,000 inhabitants and is expected to grow to more than 450,000 in the next 20 years. The largest increase in residents is expected in the city’s smallest district: the city center. According to the forecast, the population in the city center will increase from 19,000 inhabitants in 2019 to more than 31,000 in 2040, a growth of 64%.

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APPENDIX V Reference research

Docking station

Cityhub Cityhub is a logstic hubs chain that operates in Utrecht, Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Roermond.

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Cityhub offers external warehouse space for companies, they help with stock management and provide supplies with green city transport.

Products do not only go in the city, but they are also brought out. It’s

a smart system with the aim to limit the number of journeys into the city and to greatly increase the amount of cargo on the vehicles.

Supplies that come into the hub stay a maximum of two days on location. Therefor it is important that there is a cooling cell in case the goods are fresh and that there’s some sort of security. Security in the form of locked doors and

camera’s is in this case sufficient.

The employee at City hub explained that merely receiving and distributing supplies is not a profitable business model.

Therefor the distribution has to be combined with additional program. In the case of the City hub this is storage rental.

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Cross docking

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Cityhub Utrecht - business park Lage Weide

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Storage rental

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SOURCES

Articles and reports - Balm S.H. (2019) Diversiteit logistieke hubs in en om de stad, hva - Centraal bureau voor de statistiek (2019) ’Sterke groei in steden en randgemeenten verwacht’ - De Korte, (M.) (2005) Postkantoren, Projectteam wederopbouw van de rijksdienst voor de monumentezorg, Zeist - Gemeente Utrecht (2019) bevolkingsprognose, afdeling onderzoek gemeente utrecht - Gemeente Utrecht (may 2020) MPR 2020 Meerjaren Perspectief Ruimte - HVA (2016) Stadslogistiek in beeld - Missler J. (2020) Winkeliers worden gek van alle pakketjes: de dozen van Zalando en Bol.com reiken tot aan het plafond, Artikel in Trouw - Mulder .A (2019) De slag om amsterdam, afstudeerproject Academie Van Bouwkunst, Amsterdam - Ploos van Amstel W. (2017) Goederenvervoer in de stad moet schoner en slimmer,youtube fastmoving targets Zuithof, M (2017) Dit levert de milieuzone in utrecht op, stadszaken - Stil, H. (2016) Postservice in winkel bedreigd: ‘Dit is echt een strop’ , Artikel in Het Parool Websites www.TNO.nl - Slimme en gezonde stad Documantaries Tegenlicht (2019) De rijdende robot, VPRO

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Publication of my work Gas op elektrisch: service logistiek zero emmissie de stad in, HVA pagina 100

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THE HYBRID HUB

where logistics meet the social Yvette van Bakel Graduation project Academy of architecture ‘20/’21