Graduation Projects 2019-2020 - Amsterdam Academy of Architecture

Amsterdam of

Academy Architecture

Graduation Projects 2019 2020

Architecture Landscape

Urbanism Architecture

ARCHITECTURE Rimaan Aldujaili Chantal Beltman Annely van den Berg Arne de Gans Koen van Hoof Kuba Jekiel Rosa Jonkman Kristina Koši Ilse Landwehr Johann Jesse Mommers Lucas Pissetti Annabel Rodriguez Laura Rokaite Ewout van Rossum Quita Schabracq Eva Souren Elena Staškut David Tol Maarten Vermeulen Lindsey van de Wetering Simon Wijrdeman Huub de With

Atomo Home-Grown Grow Up The Cuyp Factory Scape Hyperliving The Fusion Where the Sidewalk Ends Green Energy Lab Campus at the Shipyard Refavela The Architecture of my Memories Re-Space Embassy of the Night In the Eye of the Storm Manifesto for the Bedroom From Memory to Dream ACS: Familia House for the Sovereign Human Poku Oso Conservatorium Suriname Paleis voor Volksvlijt in the Digital Age The City Foyer

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URBANISM Liza van Alphen Eric Claassen Jacopo Grilli Sander Maurits Veronika Skouratovskaja Robert Younger

City Under, Above and Between the Tracks The Big Step for Rotterdam Test #1: The Island I Amsterdam, To Bèta Other(s) in Amsterdam Tribalism in the Digital Age

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Amsterdam of

Academy Architecture

Graduation Projects 2019 2020

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Philippe Allignet Ziega van den Berk Jeroen Boon Jan Eiting Vincent Janssen Roeland Meek Hanna Prinssen

Think Large Doggerland Sediment Groot-Veluwe National Park New Dynamic Rebuilding Land A Fire-Scape

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Architecture Landscape

Urbanism Architecture

LOOPED A new generation of architects, urbanists and landscape architects is ready to conquer the world. In the Graduation Show 2020, their visions, plans and models are put in the spotlight. Graduation work deserves to be seen, questioned and admired. The current state of affairs, however, means that we will not be able to come together in person this year.

That is why we came up with LOOPED, the very first digital Graduation Show of the Academy of Architecture. In this live show, the framework of the spatial presentation will be extended from the covered courtyard to everyone’s screen; the show can be viewed for eternity by an unlimited number of visitors.

It has been a bizarre and unique year in which we have come to view many things in a different light due to the surreal circumstances. The shock that been caused by the pandemic says a lot about the things we take for granted and requires flexibility from all of us in order to do things differently. In April, there was a memorable evening during which a final examination was held online for the first time. No panels on the wall, no large model in the centre of a room which examiners could bend forward to gaze into and at, no table with a concise graduation book on it that could be picked up and examined. The tactile experience has made way for digital presentations in virtual spaces. In May, the doors of the Academy partially opened once again; an opening that was mainly intended for graduating students. And although the online final examinations went well, many who still had to graduate opted for a spot in the building for the final presentation.

Cars in front of the door, dragging boxes with models inside, panels and storage tubes with rolled-up drawings under the arm. An image in keeping with the

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Academy, and pleasant for the graduating students, after the many digital meetings with their graduation committees, to be able to show the final result in person.

Graduating in 2020 has been quite demanding for these designers and the Academy of Architecture is proud of them, because they have demonstrated the flexibility to adapt to the current state of affairs, and have exchanged the physical for the virtual spaces where necessary at times.

The Academy of Architecture is also proud of this graduating class, because they have shown a wealth of ideas in their graduation works and devoted attention to urgent topics, such as climate change adaption, designing the transition from agriculture, the refugee crisis and migration, improvement of living conditions in segregated cities, circular design, reuse of residual heat in buildings, energygenerating facades and new types of housing in which collective and mutual solidarity are the key focus. The wealth of ideas demonstrates the imaginative powers of these graduating students. It is the role of designers to show how things can be done differently, so that change is set in motion, and that is necessary, now more than ever!

Madeleine Maaskant Director of Amsterdam Academy of Architecture

Introduction

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FROM SENSITIVELY CRAFTSMANLIKE TO RADICALLY VISIONARY The fourth and final academic year at the Academy of Architecture is completely dominated by the graduation project. A student determines her or his assignment and seeks appropriate guidance for that. The subject choice therefore reflects this generation’s concerns. From fundamental architectural research into one aspect of housing to the future role of architecture in society.

That which is accepted as self-evident by others is questioned and in this way the foundations of the field are put under the microscope and redefined.

Since the most recent economic crisis, the role of an architect has become much more varied and broader: architects have become the developers or contractors themselves, they have focused entirely on research or they have instead specialised in one stage of the design process. This has made the field more multiform and that has also had an impact on the nature of the education. When composing the education, we constantly ask ourselves how we can prepare our students for these changing circumstances. Adopting a clear, personal position is more important than ever. The choice of subject for the various graduation projects reflect this new reality.

A social agenda is dominant herein.

Modernism has meant that appropriate solutions are constantly devised that have proven to offer little resilience in the face of a changing question. Division of function, the dominance of an efficiency-driven construction industry and a short-sighted opinion about a social need have resulted in a one-sided residential environment that is questioned by this generation.

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Boundaries between specific programmatic elements and between the private and collective domain are becoming more fluid and giving rise to a different reality, which has been examined by students. This produces new forms of collectivity and buildings that can be adapted to individual or communal needs.

The theme of the Tabula Scripta research group is also visible in various graduations projects. In these projects, both inside and outside the Netherlands, research was conducted into how existing, often prominent but inaccessible buildings in the city can be reused and made part of a new reality. A reality that makes hidden qualities accessible through subtraction, addition and transformation and by which places are created for everyone.

The interdisciplinary character of the study programme can be discerned from subtle interweaving of landscape and architecture to more explicit references to the heroic Dutch battle against water or by actually making use of the changing climatic conditions that also generate new opportunities.

This collection of graduation projects illustrates the breadth of the study programme in which a collective responsibility to answer the major issues of our time can be felt. The depth of the research demonstrates the coexistence of different opinions of equal quality, and is therefore illustrative of the undogmatic multiform character of the Academy: from sensitively craftsmanlike to radically visionary. This is what makes the Academy of Architecture in Amsterdam such a rich and fertile place.

It is a breeding ground for a future generation of leading professionals.

Jan-Richard Kikkert Head of Architecture

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ATOMO

A building for focused self development

Rimaan Aldujaili

Graduation date 27 August 2020 Graduation committee Wouter Kroeze (mentor) Gus Tielens Simone Drost

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ATOMO is an autonomous building that is dedicated to self-development. It provides space to escape from everyday distractions. You can reserve cells of various spatial forms that contribute to and help promote focus and selfdevelopment. Communal spaces offer room for meetings, education, training and work areas. The motive for this was the changing nature of education, the growth of in-service training and retraining and — more topical than ever due to the coronovirus crisis — new forms of workspaces.

The building has a common area that enables the users to zoom out and to meet each other. There are meeting places and a lecture hall here. The common area is designed as a large wooden element in an open space that serves as a spatial contrast to the individually-oriented programme. There is a wall between the communal and individual programme, which forms a landmark in the building. The staircase and corridors function as transition zones. The closer you come to the relaxation area, the narrower both the staircase and the corridors become.

The spatial experience becomes more directed towards being focused. The individual part consists of the cells made from sober concrete material.

The individual cells offer spatial diversity and can be rented per hour, day, week or month.

ATOMO is aimed at a target group that craves focus and self-development, and is looking for a place that offers space for that. The target group is varied: it may be a person undergoing in-service training or retraining, a student, someone from the creative sector or a hobbyist. The first ATOMO building will be in Amsterdam’s Omval neighbourhood.

This is centrally located in a residential, working and educational environment.

The location is easily accessible and also overlooks greenery and water. ATOMO forms a link between high-rise and lowrise buildings, between hustle and bustle and peace and quiet.

In the building, the user passes various architectural elements on the way to the cell: the square, the entrance, the wall, the shade garden, the staircase, the common area, the corridor and the cell.

Each element stimulates the experience of focus in a unique way. The focus takes various forms, namely concentration, reflection, creation and practise. The layout of the building caters for this.

The higher you come, the more cells there are for concentration and reflection, and the lower you are in the building, the more cells there are for creation and practise.

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ATOMO is situated in Amsterdam’s Omval neighbourhood, centrally located in a residential, working and educational environment. The accessibility and the proximity of greenery and water make this location unique.

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The building is divided by the wall in an individual (right) and communal (left) programme.

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The building extends until the pedestrian and cycle path.

Passers-by temporarily become part of the building.

The cells have large spatial variety in terms of form, dimensions and quality.

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The corridors are transition zones that connect peace and quiet and hustle and bustle with each other.

The most important cell is the oďŹƒce cell that has a sober appearance and a desk you can sit behind.

In the yoga cell, you can meditate, reflect or even zoom out following a day working in the building.

The corridors have various spatial qualities on each floor. The higher you come, the narrower the corridor, and the closer the focus of the cell.

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HOME-GROWN

A wine estate on the border between nature and farmland

Chantal Beltman

In the east of the Netherlands comes Van Eigen Bodem (Home-grown), a wine estate that flanks Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park and is located on the border between nature and farmland. I grew up here: between the farmland and in the midst of the production processes that the dairy farm of my parents entailed. Now, the Dutch agricultural system and the production landscape are under pressure, also due to climate change, and there is a great demand for sustainability. The interweaving of agriculture, landscape, nature and biodiversity should become a reality. As a result of global warming, the crops that are being cultivated will also change. Whereas countries in Southern Europe are being affected by extreme heat and heavy rainfall, the climate of countries in Northern Europe is becoming milder. This is also resulting in a shift in the wine landscape: the northern countries are proving to be increasingly suitable for viticulture.

There are also more and more (new) grape varieties that thrive on Dutch soil.

The landscape of Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park dates back to the Ice Age, during which the ice cap moved sand and loam. When the climate became warmer at that time, a moraine of stones, sand and layers of boulder clay was left behind. The current nature reserve in Salland is a unique landscape of trees and wasteland flanked by farmland; loamy soil that is now proving to be suitable for viticulture.

The area covered by the plan, the Holterenk, is located on the southern flank of the Sallandse Heuvelrug at the edge of the village Holten and has an open character. This spot provides access to the nature reserve and as a result of this also has a tourist function.

The vines positioned in the northernsoutherly direction have become a

Graduation date 8 July 2020 Graduation committee Bastiaan Jongerius (mentor) Marit Janse Jarrik Ouburg

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characteristic feature of the area. The Holterenk vinyard can be recognised by the flowery borders and vegetation for native species in order to blend in with the natural environment as well as possible.

The wine estate consists of the winery with vineyard, a tasting and lookout tower, and a restaurant. Culture (the production landscape) and nature (the forest and the wasteland) merge into each other. The elongated building of the winery cuts through the landscape lengthways and the vineyard extends until underneath the building. It is therefore partially concealed in its surroundings, also because the landscape runs into the roof area. The entrance that forms a gateway frames the landscape and the vineyard like a painting. The tower serves as the landmark and is an orientation point for the Sallandse Heuvelrug. The winery is located underground. The spaces are connected by the ‘production line’ that leads the visitor past the production process with the tasting high up in the tower as grand finale. The openings in the roof and the tower provide the relationship with the landscape from different perspectives. Van Eigen Bodem is a spot for maximum experience of the landscape, the nature and the farmland.

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Cross section of the double-height fermentation hall. The vineyard runs until the building.

Longitudinal section with the winery underground, the grounds and the roof garden.

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Bird’s eye view over the entire area covered by the plan: the village, the old arable land and the hill.

The Sallandse Heuvelrug, a moraine complex in the east of the Netherlands.

The vines follow the slope and the paths, and are north-south oriented. The winery is positioned on the highest point of the flank.

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The wine cellar is additionally sunken as a result of which the wine in the barrels can ripen at the natural temperature. You can observe and experience this as visitor from a bridge.

Section through the vineyard and underground entrance.

Recreational route through the vineyard.

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GROW UP

Growing up in highrise buildings

Annely van den Berg

Graduation date 2 July 2020 Graduation committee Chris Scheen (mentor) Judith Korpershoek Thijs van Spaandonk

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The initial question for my graduation project was if architecture in an urban context can contribute to the social development of a growing child. I designed a tower in the Zuidas district of Amsterdam, in which the child is the main focus. Homes, the new library of the Zuidas district and an out-of-school care facility are located in the towers.

It is a multifunctional building for the district, but also for the residents themselves. A ‘discovery route’ for children meanders through the building past and through the different functions of the building.

separated from each other, while the functions are so varied, as a result of which it becomes unclear for a child.

I wanted to design a village in the city, or to put it more precisely: a discovery route for children that meanders through the building. The route is focused on the steps in the development of a child and the corresponding environment.

The design is therefore divided into three zones to make this visible. The homes at the top of the building are located in Zone 1. The child’s voyage of discovery begins here and the child plays under the direct supervision of the parents.

The library and the out-of-school care The fascination for growing children in are situated in Zone 2. The child also urban environments began with myself.

I am a village girl in the city. I grew up meets other users of the building here. in a village in the Veluwe region with all There is room for the child to play and the space I could wish for around me to they can make use of the library. In this discover the world. In my design, I refer age category, the child can go from to my youth and the development of home to the out-of-school care alone. a village, the environment that is so Just like in a village, you also play familiar to me: the house, the playground outside here and you learn to take your behind the house, the street, the sports surroundings into account because you field in the neighbourhood, the are not alone. In Zone 3, the square is communal skating rink in the district and the final zone and serves as transition so on. When I look back on that time, to the city. The route connects to the it dawns on me that children are square and contains spacious play areas, such as a skating rink, a stand and a constantly going one step further to sports field. explore their surroundings the older they become: from the safe and familiar surroundings around the house to places In this building, a growing urban child has the room to play and to explore, ever further away and more unfamiliar. and in this way to discover the world Safety goes hand in hand with step by step. responsibility that the child can handle.

Still playing at home under a watchful eye or taking the responsibility yourself to be home before it gets dark, and that while you still can’t even read a clock.

I realised that growing up in a village is substantially different to growing up in a high-rise building in the city. For example, stacked homes often have a communal front door that ends on the pavement of a busy road. Transition zones are clearly delineated and

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Zone 1: The discovery route begins here, safe and close to home.

The collective spaces serve as playgrounds ‘behind’ the house.

Scale model of the discovery route, scale 1:50.

Zone 2: The discovery route meanders through the library and past the out-of-school care facility.

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Sidewalk

Reading-out-loud bench

Parcours

Drawing Room

Stairs

Southern staircase

Bench

Tunnel

Hammock

Podium

Skating rink

Tribune

Zone 3: The square is the final transition zone towards the city.

The route connects to the square and contains spacious play areas, such as a skating rink, a stand and a sports field.

The route consists of recognisable elements and is built from one material, namely wood. Room is deliberately left for the child’s own fantasy, to play and to discover.

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The route moves through the large atrium in the library.

The tower in the Zuidas district located on the new square of the Kenniskwartier (Knowledge Quarter) opposite the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Private outdoor space for the out-of-school care facility. The route is visible here, but not accessible.

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THE CUYP FACTORY

Machinery for unplanned encounters and interaction

Arne de Gans

Solidarity and habituation are crucial for the liveability of the city and its neighbourhoods. Some of the city’s public spaces play a vital role as catalysts for unplanned encounters and interplay between different groups of citizens. It is important to safeguard and protect these special public spaces and keep them appealing for everyone — now and in the future.

The Albert Cuypstraat in the De Pijp district of Amsterdam has been, partly due to its relatively wide profile, an egalitarian, vital and flexibly sub-dividable public space for 115 years now. It is a place where various parts of society are confronted with, and capture fragments of, each other’s different lives. Due to the changed pace of life, the rise of supermarkets and online shopping, and the further thematising of the sales offer, this public space is at risk of becoming slowly alienated from its various groups of users. In order to maintain its inclusive and vital character, as well as its crucial role as an accessible meeting place for the neighbourhood and city, the public space of the Albert Cuypstraat will have to undergo a transformation.

each other; the Patron serves as a protector and/or a role model.

In addition to this, public space should continue to fulfil its role as an easily accessible spot that brings together different groups to continue to attract a diverse audience, now and in the future.

The new design should therefore reserve spaces that can be flexibly divided for events and user activities in tandem with the market.

A third challenge is the realisation of the above while keeping the residents’ living comfort intact as much as possible. In fact, a transformation of public space offers possibilities and opportunities to increase and enhance their quality of life and their use of (semi-)public space.

The Cuyp Factory, a machinery for unplanned encounters and interaction, is a large, relatively light, flexible and easily adaptable scaffolding system, similar to the existing street market elements.

During the day, it can be claimed by the various users of the public space and adapted to their personal wishes with small connections and upgrades. In fact, it is a ‘collective coat rack’.

There are a number of challenges that this new design must overcome. First of all, a good meeting place requires that people are inclined to come together and become familiar with their environment. The new design will have to ensure that users of the public space are able to let go of their ‘street behaviour’. To influence people’s behaviour, we can consider hospitality as a form of social regulation. We have the following architectural resources available for this regulation: the Gateway emphasises the transition from public to semi-public domain; the Square offers a place to meet, to observe and to ‘sniff’

Graduation date 26 August 2020 Graduation committee Judith Korpershoek (mentor) JaapJan Berg Ed Melet

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Cross section, showing the sun plaza and the two main routes.

Patron tent: Residence of the patron (host/concierge) tasks: supervising, directing the daily planning of squares, raising stairs after 20h. (transition from public space to private garden/courtyard)

Open air theater: Flexible divisible for different users during the day (incl beamer) Day schedule: (scenario) 8-17h. terrace adjoining catering facility 17-20h. movie night audience 20-23h. movie night residents

Sportsplaza: Flexible divisible for different users

Waterplaza

during the day

Roofplaza:

Daily planning: (scenario)

Flexible divisible for different users

8-13h. training local yoga/fi tnessgroups

during the day

13-20h. pannafi eld (soccer)

Daily planning: (scenario)

20-8h. private garden (hofje) residents

8-13h. training local yoga/fi tnessgroups

Square with pond with the main purpose

13-20h. languagecourses / other schools

of strolling and recreation

20-8h. private garden (hofje) residents

Other purpose: Cooling, collecting rainwater in summer, moisture supply flora Sunplaza: Flexible divisible for different users during the day Daily planning: (scenario) 8-13h training local yoga/fi tnessgroups Tenniscourt:

13-20h. terrace of resturant next door

Can be used after market hours

20-8h. private garden (hofje) residents

Isometric section. Overview of the different plazas and schedules for possible daily activity.

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Changeable machine. These squares will be built above the current street and market.

At night time, the stairs can be raised, creating a private courtyard for the residents.

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Fragments. The squares have been placed at dierent levels in relation to each other, bringing unique fragments of light, sound and sight onto the ground level.

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Gateway of colourful surprises. Users will be given the opportunity to adapt and decorate the Cuyp Factory and its public space according to their own wishes and personal preferences.

Possible day schedule sun plaza: 8-13h: yoga and fitness lessons; 13-20h: terrace of the restaurant; 20-8h: private courtyard.

Impression. After closing hour, the stairs become balconies and the plaza becomes the private realm of the residents.

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SCAPE

A new type of work building for the Science Park in Utrecht

Koen van Hoof

Working areas have moved from the office to the city. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine public spaces without working men or women, who you come across in the many coffee bars, train stations, hotel lobbies and temporary workspaces that appear to have spontaneously sprouted up everywhere. The work area has become fluid, so that not only the workplace, but even the time that we work, is no longer fixed.

Because of this development, designing a work environment can no longer be based on a fixed schedule of requirements, but must meet the needs of a more flexible use. Established institutions, such as schools, libraries and companies already appear to be having difficulty dealing with these constantly changing spatial demands. Solutions that follow the logic of the public space are being sought increasingly often. In that case, the work area is often nothing more than just public space in the building.

What is more, the interconnectedness between individuals has changed as a result of the internet. Supply and demand can be aligned in a more targeted way on online platforms; physical meetings are not always necessary anymore. As a result of this, the individual can operate in an ever more individualistic way. The flipside to this is that the lack of external influences can create a vacuum resulting in a decline in creativity and spontaneity. It is precisely because supply and demand are less closely aligned in the public domain that spontaneous encounters must be made possible.

Graduation date 6 May 2020

A new type of work environment is therefore needed: a work landscape.

The logic of the landscape is one of limitless possibilities that are subject to change just like the work area.

A landscape offers various spatial conditions that can foster spontaneity.

Humans are not users, but temporary visitors who can claim a piece of the landscape. Approaching a building as a multifunctional landscape requires one to abandon the traditional monofunctional approach. This approach also requires a different architecture where the idea of the building as floors stacked on top of each other is replaced by a single unbroken floor area uninterrupted by stairs and lifts.

Scape is a building as landscape and meets the changing spatial requirements of the working man or woman.

The architecture contributes to the spontaneity of the encounter without ignoring the desired individuality of the working man or woman. The floor of Scape runs in a single motion from the ground floor to the restaurant on the top floor. It is a landscape in which differences in height automatically create different spatial conditions that can be used at one's discretion.

The atria make unexpected sightlines possible. Through the integration of screens of varying density, spaces are created with variations on openness and enclosure.

Graduation committee Laurens Jan ten Kate (mentor) Paul Vlok Vibeke Gieskes

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Large atria serve as the interconnection between the floors.

Floors with dierent spatial conditions: high and low, closed and open.

The floors are formed as terraces. There is space for individuals and groups. The route through the landscape ends in the restaurant on the top floor.

A building designed as a landscape, a work landscape where floors flow and overlap seamlessly like hills.

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The public space outside as part of the landscape inside. It facilitates encounters and invites people to explore the building.

The landscape has various spatial conditions that can be discovered and appropriated by the user. Spontaneous encounters are made possible because of this.

Self-employed workers without employees and students from the Science Park Utrecht search for workplaces that tie in with their day-to-day work. Scape can help with this.

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There are partially closed volumes in the landscape for formal meetings or concentrated work.

In addition to working, there is also room for relaxation. The atria with lots of light and views create space for informal chats in between work.

Larger closed spaces make meetings for larger groups possible.

The floors create space for tiered seating in a fluent way.

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HYPERLIVING

Human-centered intelligent architecture for the future of automated cities

Kuba Jekiel

The arising 4th Industrial Revolution sets a new era in human history where emerging breakthroughs in fields like artificial intelligence or robotics can make machines independent. It is also the time when our contact with technology becomes closer and closer.

With our digital extensions, now still in our pockets, but soon unavoidably as an integral part of our bodies, we have access to literally infinite amounts of information and we are given a tool to communicate with and control the machines. The state that we are heading towards is called hyper-reality, a seamless blend of digital and physical realities. With this switch, a standardized human is no longer represented by Le Corbusier’s Modulor, but we will have to design for an updated version. Modulor 2.0, a cyborg with a digital limb that extends his reach beyond the physical realm, awaits for cyborg architecture to fully utilize his abilities.

Although new technologies have the potential to raise global income levels and improve the quality of life for populations around the world, they also are a powerful disruptor, that will heavily impact the market, displacing workers across the entire economy. HYPERLIVING looks into how architecture can address the potentials and threats of the changing reality, offering an interactive and adaptable living environment, that supports societies in staying resilient.

Technology has transformed our relationship with ownership, enormously stimulating the peer-to-peer model, showing that it is possible to successfully split the ownership between thousands of strangers and therefore have access to more goods for less. At the same time, a similar thing has happened to the workplace, where broadband internet and mobile devices erased the physical

Graduation date 26 August 2020 Graduation committee Bart Bulter (mentor) Dana Behrman Govert Flint

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borders, enabling efficient and comfortable remote work and turned cafes, parks or living rooms into potential temporary offices. By limiting and detaching the fixed ownership, HYPERLIVING blends living with working, making it possible for different users in different periods of time to use the same spaces to live, work, learn and play in. Such massive utilization of unused square meters can lower the costs, raise flexibility, and make extra room for an additional program, that addresses the threats of the 4th Industrial Revolution. In the dynamically changing economy, architecture should help people and give them the possibility of life-long growth.

Although we are not able to compete with artificial intelligence or robots in tasks that require excellent memory, precision, or stamina, many jobs like drivers or manufacturing workers will disappear. We can definitely expect the appearance of many new occupations that will need trades typically characteristic to humans. I distinguished five pillars — Emotional Intelligence, Creativity, Entrepreneurship, Mental Stability and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) — which the building helps people to nourish and keep an advantage over the machines.

Welcome to HYPERLIVING, the first generation of cyborg architecture, that uses the typology of a skyscraper to stand out and bring attention to the issues of the future. Thanks to technology, the definition of a human expanded, allowing us to communicate with our buildings.

Automated and optimized sharing enables flexible spaces to be dynamically distributed between hundreds of users, matched by artificial intelligence into activity-based circles.

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The building consists of a fixed core, covered with constantly moving extensions (pods), that allow cyborg architecture to adapt.

Inside, dierent shared typologies provide a variety of experiences, depending on the needs of the users, with pods temporarily becoming an integral part of the building.

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Access to a range of flexible circles and moving pods creates almost an infinite number of possible configurations and a network of dependencies between the users.

The tower is supported by an exoskeleton and wrapped in a grid of maglev tracks, allowing pods to travel and connect freely.

Using Artificial Intelligence, the software controls the organization of the structure, helping people to connect, share spaces and participate in activities.

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Scan the attached code to step into the HYPERLIVING and see for yourself what cyborg architecture has to oer.

The floorplan consists of three circles that allow for a maximum of nine pods, that claim the space and can fit private spaces.

A user is in constant communication with the building, personalizing the experience and reviewing available activities.

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THE FUSION

Between tradition and future

Rosa Jonkman

The Fusion is a new type of building that adjusts to a typical Dutch landscape and fits in the rich tradition of waterworks, which preserve the landscape for the future. The Fusion can be seen as a new Dutch Delta Works that unites tradition and future in a contemporary way.

The sea level rise is forcing us to think differently. Instead of a static defensive attitude towards water, it is better to move along with it. The static border between land and water is a thing of the past. It ties in with the perspective that Floris Alkemade explores in his book De toekomst van Nederland (The future of the Netherlands) where safety is not sought in fighting an all-powerful nature, but in working in harmony with the interplay of forces thereof. Similarly, there is no attempt to fight against water with The Fusion, but rather to work in harmony with it.

The Fusion is a structure in one of the dyke bodies of the double dyke along the Eems-Dollard estuary in Northern Groningen. The building is a sustainable coastal defence, a dynamic water collection system and an agricultural innovation. As a result of the building, nature can develop and silt will be collected. In the building, the dynamic relationship between the inside and outside of the dykes, and between freshwater and salt water is made perceptible, researched and exploited.

The Fusion contains a sluice foundation that lets water in and out in a regulated manner. The smart culverts feed a number of experimentation polders for silt collection, a clay ripener and saline agriculture. A landscape observatory has been designed above this foundation, which offers ever-changing perspectives of the dynamic landscape.

This observatory houses a ‘monastery

Graduation date 8 July 2020 Graduation committee Machiel Spaan (mentor) Marlies Boterman Philomene van der Vliet

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on the tidal flats’ with living spaces and workspaces where scientists can conduct long-term research into new approaches to water management, capturing and harvesting the silt and new forms of saline agriculture. At the same time, The Fusion is accessible to pupils, students and visitors.

The design is divided into narrow building elements that offer varied space to the scientists and house the public programme. Two routes connect the programme components, but also give the users privacy. The spatial construction facilitates encounters and exchanges, but there is also space for contemplation and reflection. The complex houses a variety of spaces, each with their own characteristic relationships with the landscape. For example, the living quarters of the scientists are positioned on the quiet polder side, while their workspaces are actually located on the more rugged side by the waters of the Eems-Dollard. The collective living room and study place are located between the two private quarters and have an open connection with the silt layer beneath and the moon and stars above.

The public spaces, such as the library, the lecture hall, the laboratory and the entrance are also connected with the landscape. An enclosed large corridor and a raised path meander through these spaces. In this way, ingenious connections and encounters arise between the scientists, visitors and pupils who wander through the building.

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The Fusion seen from the Eems-Dollard. Low and high tide give a changing appearance to the building and represent the dynamic cycles.

Left: low tide; right: high tide. The landscape in the interspace always looks dierent depending on the time of the day, month or year.

The tide determines the variation in and around the building.

Low tide: the tidal sluice for aquaculture and saline agriculture is opened, while the tidal sluices for the exchange polders are closed.

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Test area for aquaculture, such as mussel growth, seaweed and cockles

The bicycle route along the EemsDollard forms part of the building

Private workplace of the scientist

The bicycle route over the dyke along the EemsDollard The public bridge connects the public spaces with each other Public unit

Private quarters of the scientist

The tidal sluices can be regulated based on the needs of the saline agriculture and aquaculture.

The silt can be used as building material

In Exchange Polder A, the silt can settle if the tidal sluice remains closed for a longer period

Private sleeping quarters of the scientist

Collective study place and living room

The monastery connects various functions with each other

The controllable tidal sluice is closed at this moment

The functions, separated from each other by walls, are connected by a large, enclosed corridor

Less silt means less turbid water and that is better for the biodiversity of the estuary

Section of the landscape and of the scientist’s unit.

The foundation connects the salt and freshwater world through controllable tidal sluices.

The interspace is for saline agriculture, aquaculture, a clay ripener and nature

Connection is the keyword of the building.

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A route through the interspace leads past dierent landscapes.

Steps form a stage for the nature and provide a habitat for shellfish

The multifunctional lecture hall.

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WHERE THE SIDEWALK ENDS

During my time at the Academy, I discovered the value of the public realm in the shaping of cities. With the immense pressure on new housing areas, the quality of life in the city is becoming increasingly important, along with the layout and the use of the public domain.

Museums and other cultural institutions have recognised this issue. They are embracing the idea of open-ended exploration, as well as blurred borders with the street. Visitors are not solely observing or looking at art anymore, but want to actively experience and to be a part of an idea, event, or just a shared experience. These tendencies inspired me to create conditions for cultural exploration in the public park.

My graduation project is a place where the natural and the artificial come together, connecting its users through the unexpected and through discovery.

The project is located in Flevopark, an unspoilt nature and recreation park in Amsterdam East. Flevopark presents excellent opportunities, which includes its proximity to two thriving residential communities and location alongside a lake. Its sharp boundaries, formed by a cemetery and a closed forest ring, make it feel like the extreme eastern edge of the city. Due to its unique location and the presence of the Nieuwe Diep lake, there are species of plants and animals that are not usually encountered in city parks. Foxes, buzzards, owls and plenty of other birds can be spotted at night as there are no street lights in the Flevopark.

The project consists of five pavilions, seeking to transform the use of the park and making each visit a completely new experience. The pavilions are carefully positioned at the dierent borderlines of the park, extending its use and strengthening the relationship with inaccessible areas. These follies oer beautifully staged views of the park and enable users to focus on the experience of tranquil nature. They facilitate artists in finding inspiration in an ever-changing landscape. Such interactions turn the once remote areas of the park into approachable public spaces filled with surprise. The target group includes artists who can use pavilions to create and exhibit their works, museum-goers, but also people who would otherwise not visit museums. The project serves the community of Friends of the Flevopark, and all park guests and residents.

Throughout my studies, I have learned the importance of public space. Where we go and where we meet makes the city. I wanted my project to reflect that, to tap into the flow of Amsterdam and tackle its limited public space.

Graduation date 9 October 2019 Graduation committee Gianni Cito (mentor) Albert Herder Ira Koers

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It is constructed out of slender steel, doing little to disturb the natural setting, but creating a joyous experience in mid-air.

The Lookout is a meandering ramp on the lakefront, enhancing the visibility of the water.

Galleries on the ground level are stretched out into the lake, oering beautifully staged views and providing a place for creation and exhibition.

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The semi-transparent walls of the Tree House filter the light and enable its visitors to immerse themselves in the secluded part of nature.

The Tree House creates a peaceful oasis at the corner of the park, populated by maple, alder and oak trees.

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The Bridge amplifies the tension between the hustle and bustle of the park and vast openness of the cemetery on the other side.

The Theatre hosts film nights and staged activities next to the fishermen’s houses. When opened, it frames a row of old oak trees.

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GREEN ENERGY LAB FOR MARINETERREIN IN AMSTERDAM

The Marineterrein in Amsterdam has already been largely returned to the city.

My design for a Green Energy Lab came about after a comprehensive analysis of the site and existing buildings.

This resulted in a spatial, circular and sustainable design for students that can be arranged flexibly and further developed by the users.

I do not opt for a tabula rasa, but I will preserve the unique campus structures that together form the existing buildings. By expanding and raising the ensemble of buildings and providing them with annexes, the area can be densified without the existing character being lost.

Ilse Landwehr Johann

In this project, I have further expanded the existing officers’ building. In the new design, this building will become part of an ensemble of four buildings connected with each other and the surroundings by means of a central courtyard and a number of lifted walkways. Together with the Green Energy Lab, it forms a building for education, science and business. It ties in with the new character of the Marineterrein: a place for experimentation and innovation in the centre of Amsterdam.

In addition to teaching and innovation spaces like workshops, classrooms and office spaces, the building also contains numerous functions that are directed towards, and enter into, a visual and physical relationship with the surroundings. In this way, the restaurant and the bicycle repair shop also serve the other visitors and users of the site.

The exhibition spaces and the display cases next to the workshops show the experiments and results of the Green Energy Lab, inviting everyone to enter.

Graduation date 21 October 2019 Graduation committee Machiel Spaan (mentor) Gianni Cito Hans van der Made

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I introduce spaces on several scale levels that facilitate encounters between students, lecturers and other users.

When walking through the building, you pass several transition zones: the display cases, courtyard, entrance zones, stairs, landings and a balcony. There are also spatial facade and wall zones with seats and study places. These places are connected by a number of walkways.

As a result, you can both wander through the building or just head for your destination. Due to the many vistas, the building becomes a vibrant experience where experimentation and innovation are displayed and knowledge exchange takes place.

The details and choice of materials used for the design tie in with its sustainable character. The shell of the building consists of a steel structure that makes several uses possible. Green facades, solar panels, facades made from printed parts and LED facades are combined into a spatial interplay of volumes and spaces. This makes the design an airy building.

The design strategy and theme is ‘assembly’, in terms of both the scale of the blending and the design of the buildings, as well as the details thereof.

This results in sustainable buildings and building elements that can easily be expanded and modified, but which can also be disassembled into usable building elements. Students can therefore help expand their campus and design their own facades and study areas in the future. This not only makes the design visually attractive, but also circular.

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The central entrance courtyard.

Transition zones: the display cases, the courtyard, the entrance zones, the stairs, the landings, the balcony, and the wall zones with seats and study places. These places are connected with each other by a number of lifted walkways.

By expanding and raising the ensemble of buildings and providing them with annexes, the area can be densified while preserving the unique campus structure.

The Green Energy Lab will be given its own place on the campus.

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Green house on roof

Study space

Solar energy roof Workshops, oďŹƒces, start-ups, meeting rooms

Green facade, class room

Solar panels on roof

Class rooms Exhibition space, entrance hall

Green benches

Bicycle storage

Workshop, display case

Restaurant, kitchen

3d-print rooms, display, laboratory

The programme elements of the Green Energy Lab

The programmes come together in the Green Energy Lab

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The site plan at the Voorwerf (Front Wharf) of the Marineterrein shows the interactions between the Green Energy Lab and the surrounding buildings.

Programme: bicycle storage space & repair shop, oďŹƒce, meeting rooms, start-ups, entrance hall with exhibition space. The solar panels on the roof produce energy by means of daylight. The LED wall oers room for adverts, the calendar, timetables, films and presentations. The entrance staircase has a dual function: it is a stage, rooms for breaks in the summer and film spot. The facade of plants ensures biodiversity on the site. There is also a bicycle storage space and a rental & repair shop, also for recycled plastic bicycles. At the exhibition, products of students and employees are displayed.

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CAMPUS AT THE SHIPYARD

Plea for interweaving vocational education and the practice

Jesse Mommers

Vocational education in the Netherlands is facing a challenge. This type of education must keep up with or even anticipate digitalisation, but also seek to connect with the constantly changing practice that fluctuates in terms of the speed at which it develops. It is important that the student comes to the fore again and that self-development is stimulated within skilled trades.

Students therefore deserve a learning environment that responds to that and which embraces the richness of working with your hands. Intensive cooperation between education and the practice can contribute to this.

More attention for the individual student who is learning or performing a trade requires a spatial experiment: education and practice will be interwoven herein.

In this way, the student is given the space to develop intensively within a skilled trade. At the same time, the practice is given the opportunity to learn from the open outlook of the student and use can be made of the educational facilities.

In this way, a reciprocal symbiosis arises on a new campus for metalworking where the student lives and learns, and where the skilled worker works.

The setting for the experiment is formed by a shipyard on the outskirts of Amsterdam, the Oranjewerf. Bordering the broadest part of the IJ river, the shipyard forms, as it were, an ensemble of tools and materials. The shipyard is under pressure, however, due to the encroaching area development that is driving small-scale industry out of the city, while it is so important to preserve this industry for the city. That also applies to the education in this field.

Graduation date 24 August 2020

The shipyard, currently a monofunctional hotchpotch that survives by growing and shrinking, forms the basis for the new campus. Each building is positioned in such a way that the qualities and functions of the site are optimally geared towards the actions of the student and interaction with the skilled worker. Each building is designed as a structure that provides space for the student’s actions. The buildings exude a ruggedness that ties in with the character of metalworking and they are made from a large variety of materials.

The new programme on the campus is aimed at bringing students and skilled workers together. They work, eat and relax together. There is plenty of space to work on big projects. The company and the school are combined spatially and organisationally in order to make interchange possible on all levels.

Life on campus creates a rich learning environment where there is room for encounters and discovery. By dividing the programme over the entire site, the student moves across the site intensively during the day, as well as moving past and through the workshops of the skilled workers. There is room on-site for the student to work on his or her own projects next to the lessons, either individually or in groups.

Students are given a studio on-site where they can live and work in a private environment, and can develop into skilled workers.

Graduation committee Rob Hootsmans (mentor) Paulien Bremmer Dingeman Deijs

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The new campus as industrial ensemble between the IJ and the Nieuwendammerdijk. Red is existing and blue is new.

The student (blue) and skilled worker (red) move intensively across the site and meet each other at dierent times of the day.

The large leaps in scale between buildings are tied together through intensive use of the ground level. The industrial character is preserved and forms the basis of the new campus.

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The new Werkplaats Analoog (Analogue Workshop) is positioned at an angle against the existing factory. In this way, students and skilled workers will bump into each other before entering their workshops.

Studies. A varied collection of materials reflects the diverse options that metal applications oer. As a result of this, an ensemble of unique objects can arise.

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The new campus is formed through the existing and new workshops for students and skilled workers, and the life-sized tools of the existing Oranjewerf.

The collective spaces of the Werkplaats Wonen (Residential Workshop) and Werkplaats Mensa (Refectory Workshop) are positioned by the water. This makes the quay a ribbon of outdoor workshops and collective spaces.

A fragment of the new Werkplaats Mechaniek (Mechanical Workshop) above the existing Shed. The views double up as workbenches for the students working above.

The new Werkplaats Mechaniek (Mechanical Workshop) above the existing Shed oers a new perspective on the work that takes place in the workshops of the shipyard.

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REFAVELA

When informality becomes the solution

Lucas Pissetti

A culture of fear seems to be increasingly embedded in today’s society, especially in countries with high levels of social inequality, such as Brazil.

The rise of the condomínios fechados (gated communities) exposes how this fear shapes our cities. People are convinced of the need to isolate themselves in order to feel safe from the surrounding violence and uncertainties of the city. But by neglecting the public space, social interaction fails to exist and suspicion of one another only increases. This phenomenon increasingly aggravates the segregation between classes and encourages even more violence.

Meanwhile, life in the favelas is all about the sense of community and the use of the street as the ultimate public space.

Even though several problems caused by low income and poor living conditions affects the inhabitants, people usually feel safe. In this context, the case of Paraisópolis emerges. This second largest favela in the city of São Paulo, with approximately 100,000 inhabitants, exposes the huge contrast between the informal and the formal city. New social housing blocks designed for displaced residents are transforming Paraisópolis into a part of the formal city. But is this the right way to go?

to supply all the basic necessities which are lacking in the neighbourhood, such as paved streets and a proper sewage system, while preserving the liveliness of the streets and the sense of community already present in the area.

New streets and pathways connect the area with its surroundings, while public buildings are co-designed with the community, with the aim being to promote the development of the region.

Furthermore, the landscape is designed as a response to the recurrent floods and poor soil condition, creating a strong foundation for the area. The project acts as a catalyst for the neighbourhood, based on production, social inclusion and overall empowerment of the community.

It aims to transform an urbanisation of consumption to a neighbourhood of production. In this way, the inhabitants become more independent from the government by producing their own food, generating their own electricity and increasing their own market, thus enabling Paraisópolis to thrive.

Refavela proposes a new strategy for designing with informal settlements in mind. The strategy aims to improve basic living conditions for those in need, while preserving the qualities that are very specific to these locations. The idea is that a main structure is provided by the state to the residents, so they can continue building their own houses themselves, thus stimulating the informality that helps enrich the favela as a place to live. The design focuses on architecture as an infrastructure, aiming

Graduation date 30 April 2020 Graduation committee Bart Bulter (mentor) Johanna van Doorn Maurizio Scarciglia

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The design consists of three slabs, each one providing dierent features based on the specific needs of the location.

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Floor plan through the central slab. Here, large hollow columns support the structure, while also defining the space for occupation.

Section through the central slab. Elements in red are designed by the architect; the blue additions are made by the residents.

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The same view after occupation. The building comes to life only after people inhabit it.

View of the building through an adjoining alley, before occupation by people.

Overview. The three slabs follow the contours of the terrain and create a base for the people to occupy it.

On top of the central slab, a promenade would be created giving the favela a unique public space.

The design aims to keep the same scale and density of the favela, while providing open spaces for other functions, such as communal gardens.

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THE ARCHITECTURE OF MY MEMORIES

Imagination in the case of the transformation of a vacant farm in Amstelveen

Annabel Rodriguez Arrebato

Remembering is very personal and therefore unique. Everyone has his or her own references, perceptions and experiences, even when people experience the same event at the same time. Early memories, seen through the eyes of a child, change into a story, while later memories remain susceptible to new interpretations.

If memories are strongly connected with our emotions, how do you make room for memories in that case? With this plan, I am searching for the connection between my personal memories from my Cuban childhood and architecture.

After I understood and identified the different aspects of memories, I decided to transform these into tangible spaces.

The stage for that translation was an abandoned farm in Amstelveen with large barns. I have transformed the farmyard into a community with strong social cohesion. In this way, it has become a manifesto for the actual cohabitation that I know from my early childhood. Moreover, it shows a way of dealing with urgent challenges: the conversion of vacant farms into places to live in the Netherlands. It is important to allow imagination to play a role with these kinds of transformations in particular.

By incorporating my memories into the design process, an interplay of the different memories and their influence arises. I translated this based on the existing materials from three large barns in Amstelveen. On the basis of my own memories and the history of the location itself, I transformed this forgotten farm into a new circular residential environment.

The relationship between the landscape and the different memories became the guiding factor in the design. Through the powers of imagination, the new spaces and surroundings will be connected with each other in this new reality. The individual, in a fluid state of togetherness and solitude, experiences the spatial richness and the different spaces through routing, syntax and incidence of light.

Graduation date 19 September 2019 Graduation committee Henri Borduin (mentor) Hanneke Kijne Paul van Dijk

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Transition between semiprivate and public space.

The house is simple, rustic and picturesque.

Interior walkway de Kreek.

I looked at the starry night with lights from fireflies.

Special semi-private space.

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The community from my memories is a mixture of youth and maturity, solitude and company, hidden and visible places, small and large, dark and bright.

When I remember the house of my youth, I see the authentic colours of the nature in the community.

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The fireflies emit a small but intense light at night. This eect can be seen in the public spaces.

The vivid colours of the landscape of my youth can be found in the glass walls-roofs of the semi-private spaces.

Plan of the transformed farmyard.

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RE-SPACE

Re-Set, Re-Think, Re-Start

Laura Rokaite

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Re-Space is a building for those who are starting a new life in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. It is a building for refugees, migrants and also for Lithuanians.

It is for young people starting their professional life, but also for those who have not worked for a long time or would like to start over. Finding a job is never an easy task, let alone in an unfamiliar country far away from home, with a totally different culture and foreign language. Re-Space facilitates this new beginning — it is this missing link, this first and sometimes very difficult step towards working life.

Re-Space is about inspiring everyone to be open to people from different backgrounds and contributing to their integration. By being a part of this concept and a user of this building, one can significantly contribute to a more accepting and inclusive society, whether that is by getting a haircut from a man who comes from Syria or buying a piece of jewellery from someone from Eritrea.

Even the longest journey starts with a single step. Social and economic independence is crucial for everyone and what can be better than working towards it together in a relaxed environment in the heart of Vilnius?

Re-Space offers an immediate start.

Entering the workforce in the shortest notice possible is crucial for integration for working-age adults. There is no waiting, as everyone is welcome to join from the very first day in the new city.

Everyone can practice their own profession. The flexible structure easily accommodates a variety of professionals: from barbers and hairdressers, who only need a chair and a pair of scissors to do their job, to carpenters who work with industrial machinery. It is about starting with the potential of the people and using their talents, skills and experiences. It is a place that facilitates creation of social networks; a place for sharing stories and making new intercultural connections, as well as meeting people with similar interests. In collaboration with Vilnius City Council, Re-Space offers professional training courses and workshops for improving different skills and obtaining qualifications as well as learning the Lithuanian language. In addition to that, it is possible to get support from Caritas, which provides support to and supervises refugees in Vilnius, and the public employment services that can offer help finding a job in the city. It is a building for working, learning and getting support in relation to jobs.

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Re-Space is a building for refugees, migrants and Lithuanians. It oers space for young people starting their professional life and for those who have not worked for a long time or would like to start over.

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Communal spaces at the sub terrain level.

View from the restaurant overlooking the inner courtyards.

Flexible working and learning spaces.

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Fragment of the facade .

Ground level.

Sections, showing different levels and how the building is situated in the landscape.

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EMBASSY OF THE NIGHT

The City Club of Amsterdam

Ewout van Rossum

It’s a nameless weeknight and you’re going out. You thread your way through uneven streets, dimly lit by glowing machines or humming streetlights, you hear your final destination before you see it.

A crowd of people is waiting outside, blocking the entrance, their bodies turning together towards the doorway like dark flowers towards an unseen sun.

The structures around you are ambiguous: a rolling tunnel of Victorian brickwork; the anonymous façade of an industrial building; a curve of metal fencing. In the line, a growing buzz of adrenaline grates against the stillness enforced by queue barriers. The friction results in tiny pockets of raised voices and jostling, bursts of laughter and the crunch of dropped glass. You reach the door and it’s always huge, heavy and faceless, and not worth a second glance.

You cross the threshold and wait again, this time in a narrow corridor, the humming bass peaking in spikes of vaguely discernible sound. You pay your entrance, give a hand or wrist through a glass partition to be stamped, and then suddenly you are moving. The corridor becomes a foyer and the mechanisms of control have seemingly disappeared and, all at once, you are in.

Behind the thick doors of the club forms a fantasy world. It is a democratic society for a night, obeying its own rules, challenging all that is considered normal during the day. Its inhabitants, although undeniably displaying escapist tendencies, explore and challenge themselves in the sanctuary of freedom.

As is often the case with (sub)cultural movements, oppressed minorities find their way to nightlife. House music caught on early within the gay black community in the beginning of the eighties. What later became mainstream

Graduation date 25 August 2020 Graduation committee Bart Bulter (mentor) Jolijn Valk Kamiel Klaasse

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culture, started as small movement fuelled by Chicago house and ectsasy, where a social acceptance and power was formed within a generally despised group of people.

In Amsterdam, similar significance can be attributed to nightlife. Clubs like Roxy, iT, Trouw and Studio 80 are long gone, but they resonate strongly within their generations. At the beginning of 2020, the City of Amsterdam acknowledged the contribution of nightlife to the cities’ cultural infrastructure in their vision for the ‘Kunstenplan’ (Arts Plan). However, the majority of clubs they named are granted a temporary location and will be closed within the next two years.

Pressured by the housing market and noise disturbance, non-commercial and experimental clubs are likely to disappear within the city limits, as is already the case in Berlin.

Embassy of the Night formulates nightlife as a cultural institution, similar to the Muziekgebouw and the Stedelijk Museum. The Embassy is an assembly from seven spatial metaphors, that capture nightlife’s diverse forms. The metaphors are developed into a wide array of spaces through research by design and reference analysis. Together they form the ‘Stadsclub’ (City Club), a cultural statement preserving nightlife’s culture through its most valued spaces and providing a non-commercial playground for future generations.

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Located on the NDSM’s historical slipway, the building caters to NDSM’s activities such as festivals and markets.

Embassy of the Night site 1/500

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During the day it is a public building, connecting NDSM’s activities with nightlife culture.

The exterior skin, consisting out of thousands of glass planes, reflects the activity within, transferring shimmers of light and moving in the wind.

‘The other realm’ is simulated within the Holodeck, offering the ultimate escape from daily life.

Seven clubs combined in a single building. Visitors are able to join all seven clubs, that are separated through an active maze of secondary functions.

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The building’s rooftop offers an artificial dune landscape, an idyllic scene against its urban backdrop, combining leisure with the tension of nightlife.

Contrary to the exterior, the interior is an eccentric collection of expressive volumes, the nightlife’s version of the Fun Factory.

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IN THE EYE OF THE STORM

Transforming an iconic ruin in Beirut

Quita Schabracq

The way we rebuild our buildings and cities show how we address, acknowledge and accept our history. In war-damaged cities, buildings with scars have the power to communicate the stories of the past. Revealing a difficult history through the built environment can be of added value in terms of knowing our past. In the heart of Beirut, there is a building that has seen and experienced many transformations.

‘City Center’ was built as a modernist commercial complex. It was a symbol of the prosperous sixties before it was turned into a sniper hideout during the 15 years of civil war (1975-1990). The building, as well as its surrounding context, were largely deconstructed in the post-war time, leaving just the egg-shaped structure standing. Most recently, the building was adopted as the icon of the revolution that started in October 2019. My position in the treatment of heritage is to acknowledge all the transformations the building has undergone and use their qualities.

To revive the building, I propose to add a functional programme, allowing different people from society to enter the building and discover their personal relationship to its history. To make the building truly public and accessible, which Beirut has very few examples of, it will be transformed into a multi-modal transport hub, serving different economic classes.

This will generate activity in an otherwise deserted part of the city, thus bringing back the former identity of the lively heart of the city.

After the recent event of the explosion on 4 August 2020, it feels pointless to talk about the value of one building with scars, as everything is lying in pieces and the destruction is so widespread.

What it does show is that our built environment embodies what we experience as human beings. In the case of Lebanon, the explosion was a physical manifestation of an existing situation.

The country and city were already lying in pieces economically and politically.

Now, that is literally the case in Beirut.

People will undoubtedly rise from the ashes of it and rebuild their environment over time, but this wound will be present in the city for a long time.

It is, however, dependent on the way the building and city will be rebuilt. This will show the way the history is addressed, acknowledged and accepted. Each transformation of the egg-shaped building is representative of the changes that the city of Beirut has experienced.

By reactivating and transforming it into a transport hub, everyone will be stimulated to actively participate in its future history.

Graduation date 24 August 2020 Graduation committee Judith Korpershoek (mentor) Peter Defesche

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The building becomes a transport hub, with the cable cars entering the egg-shaped structure, and different buses in the underground layers.

Transformation of the building. Built as a symbol of the prosperous sixties, ‘City Center’ was turned into a sniper’s hideout in the eighties. In the first decade of this century it was largely deconstructed before it was adopted as the icon of the Lebanese revolution in 2019.

The new arrivals hall functions as a market square for small commerce.

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Transport hub

Cable car

Electric bus

Mini-van bus

Regional bus

Ferry

Multi-modal transport hub. Dierent modalities create a new public transport system and enhance connectivity.

Publicly accessible transport square: the building functions as a public square, always open and accessible.

The urban space of the former heart of the city is reactivated by the tension between the new hub and the ferry stop. It restores the identity of the lively heart of the city.

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Cuts into the structure allows accessibility, light and visual relationships between the dierent layers in the building

In the underground layer, benches are encircled by steel mesh curtains creating intimate waiting space.

A steel mesh curtain allows plants to grow, creating a green barrier between the buses and pedestrians.

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MANIFESTO FOR THE BEDROOM

With my ‘Manifesto for the bedroom’, I zoom in on the most personal room of the house and I reflect on how we can use architectural tools for the most intimate and private moments and encounters. In this project, I take the bedroom as the starting point for a spatial design of an architectural triptych.

The triptych is an experiments pavilion, a laboratory where the value and the use of the bedroom can be reinvented.

In this way, designers and users are incited to reflect on the role and the significance of this everyday space.

Eva Souren

The pavilion houses three different bedrooms, each type in the form of a scenario, a collection of architectural scenes. Guests can book a story, as a result of which they are given access to a scenario for a 24-hour period. The scenarios stem from my opinion about the three most important themes that occur in the bedroom in addition to sleeping. The bedroom is much more than a space where we sleep, prepare ourselves for sleep and awake. It is the room that houses the most personal stories: secrets, memories, our fears, dreams and desires.

I wanted to design the bedrooms in their entirety. In doing so, I considered both the hard, functional sides, such as form, materialisation, colour, scale, size and walking routes, as well as the soft elements: fantasy, feeling, emotions and thoughts. In order to be able to design with these hard and soft sides, I did countless form studies and I analysed a collection of bedrooms. For each bedroom, I described what I saw and what I knew, and I wrote an accompanying fantasy story. These are bundled in a publication: The Bedroom Collection (De Slaapkamer Collectie). In the form studies, I investigated design ingredients

Graduation date 17 September 2019 Graduation committee Wouter Kroeze (mentor) Ira Koers Henri Borduin

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like sensuality and tactility, movement and physicality, texture and tactility in form and material.

My preliminary investigation helped me to find new ways to design spaces.

Fantasy and intuition became part of the design method. The investigation was also the motive for drawing up a manifesto, the basis for my design.

The manifesto resulted in three scenarios: the 24/7 Bed, Space for Sexuality and the Dream Fragment.

The 24/7 Bed is based on an object that transforms into its function. You can work in bed and cook while lying down. Space for Sexuality consists of a collection of scenes. Each scene is given its own place or space where something can happen. It is about tension, seduction and encounters.

The Dream Fragment consists of an articulated space where you can briefly forget about reality. There is room for your dreams and fantasies.

The pavilion is located on the green strip in front of the Hilton, referring to Room 702 where the famous bed scene of Yoko Ono and John Lennon took place 50 years ago. The paths of the public gardens continue both visually and in terms of material in the pavilion.

In this way, the pavilion naturally becomes part of the path structure and the surroundings.

ARCHITECTURE

Axonometric projection of the experiments pavilion, with 24/7 Bed (brown), the Dream Fragment (pink), Space for Sexuality (light brown).

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The showroom houses the game of being seen and not seen.

Just a little bit away from the centre, there is a reflective cylindrical object. This is the observation room, in which the other guest is located.

A random selection from my form studies.

The seduction bath actually consists of two baths. The water is shared through the sunken openings in the walls.

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The concrete walls provide the structure and the organisation of the pavilion. The walls steer, guide, separate, admit and open.

They direct and create a story from the public route.

Floor plan.

Section.

The Dream Fragment.

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FROM MEMORY TO DREAM

A study of overlooked modernist buildings

Elena Staškut

This project is a study into the preservation and revitalisation of overlooked Soviet era modernist buildings. Buildings constructed during this time period do not need to be architectural masterpieces to be of value to a community or to have potential for a second life. Their status as ‘non-monuments’ can be seen as an opportunity as it affords the architect more creative freedom when developing concepts for adaptive reuse.

The study uses the modernist buildings of Panev žys, Lithuania as its main subject matter, but also looks into their type and their place in the history of Soviet architecture. It was my aim to develop a range of transformation strategies, suitable for various building types and operating at multiple scale levels. This was done in three steps: 1. Compiling a selection of relevant buildings, 2. Researching their features, history and type, 3. Formulating strategies and translating them to conceptual designs. The final product is a report accompanied by a series of design proposals.

All transformation strategies share the same goal to give a new heart to the buildings involved. This is done by choosing interventions that help to reveal their best qualities. The aim of the design proposals is to illustrate how interventions could achieve functional improvements and change the way the buildings are perceived. Out of the eleven buildings I analysed I selected five to make conceptual designs for: Domestic Service Centre, Hotel Panev žys, ¼ km Apartment Building, Wedding Palace, Cinema Garsas.

Graduation date 31 August 2020 Graduation committee Rob Hootsmans (mentor) Kamiel Klaasse Anastassia Smirnova

Each building represents a type that is characteristic of Soviet modernist architecture.

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For each of the involved types I researched what their significance was during the Soviet era. After this I set out to gather relevant surviving examples.

My search was not limited to other Lithuanian cities but spanned across the former Eastern Bloc. I analysed the current state of the examples I found to see if there were any shared problems or common themes to be discovered.

This information was used to develop my transformation proposals so they could address more than just the specific circumstances of the buildings I found in Panev žys.

Each design was created around a transformation strategy that uses a specific mechanic to improve the existing building: removing, adding, re-contextualizing, re-structuring, inserting.

To re-introduce the involved buildings as landmarks for Panev žys, the concept on the scale of the city is to emphasize the connections between them. By presenting the buildings as a collection, they can strengthen the identity of the city: a unique collection that no other city has but that can be found in Panev žys.

Transformation strategies that are successful in Panev žys could serve as examples for other Soviet era modernist buildings in other cities. The uniformity that characterizes most of these buildings could then be turned into an asset: a compact set of clear ideas could be used to reinvent a large number of buildings. In that way the interventions become prototypes and the city of Panev žys a laboratory city: a place that is open to test ideas that, if successful, can be implemented on a larger scale elsewhere.

ARCHITECTURE

To re-introduce the involved buildings as landmarks for Panev žys, the concept on the scale of the city is to emphasize the connections between them.

The study uses the modernist buildings of Panev žys (Lithuania) as its main subject matter but also looks into their type and their place in the history of Soviet architecture.

Transformation strategies that are successful in Panev žys could serve as examples for other Soviet era modernist buildings in other cities.

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Inserting. By inserting new volumes inside the main hall of the cinema, two more compact halls can be created inside. The remaining space around the new volumes can then become a new public space.

GSEducationalVersion

Restructuring. A hybrid building with multiple new functions can oer a solution to vacant buildings that are too large to be filled with a single function.

Removing. By removing unused retail spaces an open, outdoor space can be created that is publicly accessible.

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Adding. The rooftop pavilion can be used as a restaurant or as a venue for cultural events. As a nod to the history of the building communal elements, like a cooking school, are also present.

Recontextualising. Relocating the building creates new sightlines that reveal the symmetry of the design and puts its sculptural façade on display.

This significantly strengthens the building’s role as a landmark.

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Adding. Adding a rooftop pavilion creates a common programme that the building owners can expoit together. Creating a common cause for them to rally around.

ARCHITECTURE

ACS: FAMILIA

Housing for all

David Tol

Familia is a modular and repeatable housing concept based on the perimeter of a traditional Dutch block for urban areas. Although families come in many different shapes and sizes — the traditional family, the single parent, a multigenerational family or the extended family including an uncle, aunt or cousins — they all have shared values and wishes. They value community, outside space, security and protection.

The flexibility of the building allows for units to grow inside of the structure, making it possible to enlarge or scale down apartments. Adding extra height makes the entire building future proof and enables it to change the programme into an office, retail spaces or a hotel.

Adding value to the building makes it possible to transform in line with the changing requirements of the neighbourhood.

Familia is an adaptation of the traditional Dutch housing block. By opening up one side of the building, more sunlight can reach deep into the courtyard, making it possible to stack more floors on top of each other, while still maintaining the same quality in the courtyard.

Familia is designed as a modular loadbearing facade system, using a modular prefab technology. The modular facade elements are highly customisable in terms of aesthetics, material use and openings, creating variation and giving identity to every building. The panels of the facade are an integrated part of the architecture, translating the seams of the panels into architectural accents that illustrate and provide detail to the facade.

The shape of the courtyard is derived from the spatial organisation of the houses around a communal garden.

The enclosed garden feels like a safe space and stimulates community life.

Being able to see each other’s front door, and thus being in close contact with your neighbours, plays a significant role in the social cohesion between residents. The courtyard is the place for communal activities, rituals and is the place where traditions are born. Activities such as sharing meals, parties and other events strengthen the cohesion.

To optimise speed and save costs, elements in the interior such as bathrooms and kitchens, are also prefabricated. This makes qualitative housing available for all.

Currently ACS: Familia is being tested and researched at several sites in Chicago (USA), Eupen (BE), Reykjavik (IS) and the Netherlands.

The different family compositions require a variety of housing types, from single-family apartments of around 60 m2 up to bigger family homes with duplex units up to 120 m2 and above.

By moving the loadbearing structure outside of the building, a maximum of flexibility and freedom in layout is created, resulting in a great diversity in apartment types in the same building.

Graduation date 12 December 2019 Graduation committee Wouter Kroeze (mentor) Ard Hoksbergen Marcel Lok

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The building is a modular system, constructed with loadbearing prefab facade elements, adding factory precision to the project while reducing construction time.

ACS: Familia is a modular housing concept with high-quality outdoor space for families in the city.

Waterside.

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Opening up one side of the faรงade allows more daylight to come in and to stack more floors.

The street crossing the enclosed garden, that feels like a safe space and stimulates community life.

Courtyards. All entrances to the houses are organised around the courtyard, stimulating interaction between residents and increasing the sense of community.

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Family

Single parent

Divorced living

FAMILIAS

Co-living Multigenerational

Extended family

Familias. Families come in many different shapes and sizes, but they all have shared values: enjoying outdoor space, knowing your neighbour, security and protection.

Penthouses Appartements Appartements Gardenhouses Commercial

Floor plans can be customised through algorithms, empowering future homeowners to influence the layout of their apartment. Investing your own energy in the building will support the sense of community.

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The different family compositions require a variety of housing types. The flexibility of the building allows different apartment sizes throughout the building.

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HOUSE FOR THE SOVEREIGN HUMAN

The House for the Sovereign Human is a spatial manifesto for a collective and unpredictable life. Various collective residential activities are incorporated into the plan in accordance with five themes: sport, nature, utility, contemplation and knowledge. The different collective rooms are connected with each other by the private rooms that only meet the most basic housing needs with their minimal dimensions.

Maarten Vermeulen

In this day and age, the extent to which our social system is based on amassing capital and private property is clearly visible, with the endless accumulation thereof as an end in itself. This is reflected in the form of a rapidly individualising society and in a housing practice that is based on private ownership. The substantial increase in protection of private property is also related to this. There are also increasing number of security cameras, checks, fences and gates in the public space.

These ‘instruments of distrust’ support us in protecting and preserving our property, and breed suspicion towards each other.

The House for the Sovereign Human is a collective residence for 150 people.

They are dissidents who reject the individualistic existence. The dissidents organise themselves in a building in which they are freed from the burden of superfluous possessions and in which they can form a community with each other that is based on mutual trust. The house is like a horizontally organised society, represented in five core groups with a changing composition.

Graduation date 18 November 2019

This case study is situated in the Amsterdam Scheldebuurt neighbourhood and it is also thus an archetypal model for living in Amsterdam. The existing building will be dissected into components and activities that serve as the starting point for a new collective residential model.

Various investigations into materiality and spatiality form the basis of this project — a spatial and social experiment.

The result is a building in which people can wander around, make us of collective facilities and retreat to a private room.

The residents lead a life in which contact and confrontation with others forms the essence of their existence.

The residents jointly determine the programming of the collective rooms and the use thereof. The structure of the building also makes spatial changes possible, as a result of which the building is continually subject to change.

For example, children can live on their own within the contours of their own building. A family where the parents are going to divorce can also live separately within the same house. The House for the Sovereign Human does not have a final product or final stage, but changes in tandem with the use of its inhabitants.

The collective themes stem from an analysis of residential activities in the existing building. In this plan, they are magnified and used to (re)introduce a collective scale in the residence; a scale that is somewhere between the limited space of the townhouse and the large open space of the city.

Graduation committee Wouter Kroeze (mentor) Marlies Boterman Jarrik Ouburg

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The private rooms form the backbone of the living situation. As such, they are distributed throughout the location as organising elements.

The interspaces form the collective rooms.

The bedrooms of the house are situated in the concrete ‘walls’.

The plan of the first floor shows how bedrooms and collective rooms are connected. They form a web of different routes and experiences.

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Study model of the library, steel frame and wood. A collective room for literature, art collections, debate and music.

A study from a series into open and changing structures, ink and tape on paper.

Casting and soldering were used as a method to spatially examine themes like private and public space.

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Collective room, nature, view from a terrace.

Collective room, sport, view from a bed room.

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POKU OSO CONSERVATORIUM SURINAME

A sound environment for everyone

Lindsey van de Wetering

Poku Oso is the home of the new Conservatorium van Suriname (Conservatory of Suriname) in the Cultuurtuin in the city centre of Paramaribo. The conservatory is an updated version of an open-air school, and is it in line with the cultural heritage of Suriname. It is an accessible, musical sound and learning environment that will help connect the various inhabitants of the city. Creativity, curiosity and movement will be stimulated, thus developing a stronger sense of community in the city. In this way, music will become a social and educational activator for everyone.

With the addition of the Conservatorium Suriname, Poku Oso, the Cultuurtuin will become a sound environment in which the cultural heritage, in the form of music created by humans and animals, will be exhibited. The conservatory consists of an ensemble of music buildings that function separately from each other like instruments. For example, you will hear an apinti drum, a woodwind instrument and a stringed instrument that will sound different depending on the time of day. Between the orchestra of buildings, a sound route will be created in a piece of tropical forest at the heart of the city.

The colonial era led to a variety of cultures in Suriname, all of which brought their own music with them at the time. This diversity is characteristic of Surinamese culture today. This rich history continues to be neglected in music education, even though it is so important to be aware of this, because: to know your roots enables you to develop your full potential. In order to bring as many cultures and subcultures as possible into contact with Poku Oso, the conservatory has been given a central location in the city. In this way conservatory students will learn about music and the cultural heritage automatically.

The new buildings of the conservatory reference the unique traditional wooden indigenous homes. All houses, large and small, belong to one family, while also exhibiting their own personality, defined by the type of music they make. Titei Oso, the strings house, is a sound box where the strings along the walls vibrate along with the music, the rain and the wind. And Winti Oso, the woodwind house, is constructed from funnel-shaped wind instrument parts that blow sound into the landscape.

The Cultuurtuin is a botanical and experimental garden that was built in 1898 in order to experiment with both native and exotic plant species, trees and cultivated crops. It is currently a neglected ‘musical landscape’ with many hidden treasures: birds give concerts there every day, the rustling wind has a cooling effect in the hiking woods with footpaths and the rain patters against the tree canopies from time to time.

Graduation date 26 August 2020 Graduation committee Frits van Dongen (mentor) Machiel Spaan Maike van Stiphout

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By adding this ‘music ensemble', the urban garden of Paramaribo will come to life through its sounds and textures. Each spot has its own sound and Surinamese tones; the entire garden makes music.

The design is a boost for the forgotten aspects of the Cultuurtuin, which will in this way become completely accessible and embraced in the hearts of all Surinamese people once again.

Music is the language that everyone can speak...

ARCHITECTURE

Tutu Oso. The facade of the brass instrument house consists of a multitude of architectural ‘mouthpieces’ that blow sound into the landscape.

Apinti Oso is a drum building that consists of sound boxes. It is a stage, a ‘gadri’, which opens up to the landscape.

With the addition of Poku Oso, the Conservatorium Suriname, the Cultuurtuin will become a sound environment; it is like an exhibition of cultural heritage in the form of music created by humans and animals.

The garden comes to life with its sounds and textures.

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The students from the conservatory learn about Surinamese music and culture: to know your roots enables you to develop your full potential.

Each spot has its own sound. Surinamese tones dominate in this urban garden of Paramaribo.

Depending on the time of day, the music buildings, which are like instruments, sound completely dierent.

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Winti Oso, the woodwind house, blows sound into the garden from the funnelshaped wind instrument parts.

Titei Oso, the strings house, is a sound box where the strings along the walls vibrate along with the music, the rain and the rustling of the wind.

All music buildings belong to a family, while also exhibiting their own personality, defined by the type of music they make and the specific locations where they take root.

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ARCHITECTURE

PALEIS VOOR VOLKSVLIJT IN THE DIGITAL AGE

In the heart of the capital, at a spot with a rich history, a traditional bank with a literally closed structure will be transformed into the Paleis voor Volksvlijt in the digital age. The Paleis voor Volksvlijt, which served as the illustrious centre of innovation in the 19th century and was destroyed by fire almost 100 years ago, will rise again.

More than 150 years later, there is a revolution of unprecedented scale once again — technological this time — which is changing, and is still to change, our lives radically in many areas. It is not yet totally clear how that will occur, but it is certain that flexibility and resilience will help us to make use of these developments in the correct manner.

Simon Wijrdeman

Graduation date 15 October 2019 Graduation committee Floris Alkemade (mentor) Hanneke Kijne Uri Gilad

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The ring will embrace two new towers that symbolise the changing society.

The round tower will house a data centre, thus making a physical connection between the user and the machine.

At present, data centres are often still unknown quantities in the city: they are located on the outskirts, or we do not even know where they are located, while they play a prominent role in our digital world. From the round data tower, aerial walkways offer access to the square tower with office space. The towers are modular and can be flexibly adapted to the wishes of the users. The modularity, the recycling of residual heat from the data centre, the energy-generating facades and the greening of the location will play a role in making the building With the new Paleis voor Volksvlijt, there and its surroundings more sustainable. will be room for these new developments With the wide range of functions and and for the human as social creature. users, this new Palace offers space to The new palace embraces the present, individuals, groups and companies who but also references the past with the will all find their way on the square, in grandeur, accessibility and functionality the ring, the towers and the cellar in their of the Paleis voor Volksvlijt of own unique way. This space in, under and yesteryear. around the building will once again The beauty and logic of Duintjers’ design become part of the city of Amsterdam and contribute to a rich urban life all for The Dutch Central Bank which year round. replaced the burnt-down Palace will be preserved, but it will now be opened to urban residents. It will add a variety of functions and opportunities with regard to work, urban life and digitalisation to the city. The ‘Ring of Duintjer’ will become a unique spot for urbane society in a city where the boundaries are being pushed in the new digital world. With catering establishments, co-working spaces, sports facilities, a library, an auditorium, exhibition and craftwork spaces, the ring will offer a unique spot for education, work, social interaction and leisure activities.

ARCHITECTURE

The modernist Ring of Duintjer contains two new slender towers. There is a roof garden on the roof of the ring as an extension of the ground level.

As in the past, the Frederiksplein will be a spot in the city where the citizen of Amsterdam can spend his or her free time and enjoy various activities.

The space under the Ring of Duintjer will be opened, as a result of which a large public space will be created for pedestrians and cyclists from the Utrechtsestraat to the Singel.

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The modular towers symbolise our changing living conditions in the digital age and are prominently visible in the city.

The Frederiksplein is part of an urban series of renewals. The locations are important to the city of Amsterdam culturally and innovatively.

The new Paleis voor Volksvlijt contains a variety of functions with regard to work, social and urban life. The characteristics of digitalisation have a clear influence on this.

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The Ring of Duintjer will become part of the public space and oers a variety of functions that can adapt like a machine to the needs of the urban residents.

The public space under and in the Ring of Duintjer can be adapted to the wishes of the urban community.

The public baths in the cellar will be warmed with the residual heat from the data centre. It is a space where the urban residents can get away from digital traďŹƒc.

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THE CITY FOYER

Integration of Amsterdam RAI Convention Centre within the city of Amsterdam

Huub de With

Graduation date 15 July 2020 Graduation committee Wouter Kroeze (mentor) Uri Gilad Bram Breedveld

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Most people recognise the RAI complex by its name, but not by its appearance. It is an immense empty space that can be filled at any time. Nobody knows exactly what happens at the place and where it is located precisely. Amsterdam RAI fascinates me because of its size and the great contrast with the surrounding neighbourhoods. An impressive amount of people walk, cycle and drive past or through the RAI, but nobody actually takes the time to stop and enjoy the space.

My affinity with the RAI started six years ago, together with my former field hockey teammates. We always gathered in front of Europaplein, a practical place to meet near the motorway, before we drove off to different sport clubs in the region. Unconsciously, a bond developed between the complex and me. I constantly looked at the area with bewilderment, but I just couldn’t get a grip on it. I asked myself the question ‘How could the RAI connect with the city and how could the city connect with RAI?’. My graduation plan consists of three parts: an (urban) analysis, a new masterplan and an elaboration on building level.

area and flourishing economic times made it possible to create large spans and eventually grow to a size of 112,000 m2.

The City of Amsterdam is now a 25% shareholder of the RAI and I have seen that as an opportunity. The RAI organisation itself prefers to keep everything behind closed doors, demarcates boundaries and offers no accessibility for the neighbourhood, inhabitants or visitors. Once inside the complex, constructive excesses are stunning. In my vision, RAI has to shift its borders by looking at its current space in a different way. The physical (and economic) development of the current RAI complex is too monofunctional, with a one-sided international focus.

The masterplan The City Foyer is my answer to the problem. Cutting a foyer into the structural excess activates the flow in the area and brings the formal and informal target groups together at all scales. The formal setting of a trade fair or expo gives people a clear purpose, such as a show or other event.

The informal setting is defined by the city visitor and is not goal-orientated: visitors do not necessarily have a direct relationship with the building or RAI, which stands for ‘Rijwiel Automobiel complex.

Industrie’ (Association for the Bicycle The entrance building plays a major and Automotive Industry), is a connecting role in the area. The roof of convention centre in the southern part of Amsterdam. It lies isolated in between the building acts as a magnet for the site and gives a clear overview of the new the A10 ring road, the Beatrixpark and urban axes and sections. This building the hundred-year-old neighbourhood has been elaborated in my graduation following the urban plan of Berlage. It started as RI, ‘Rijwiel Industrie’ (Bicycle plan. With my proposal, I challenge Amsterdam RAI to make its monumental Industry) at the Paleis voor Volksvlijt in value, scale and structure visible and 1895 near the Frederiksplein in the centre of Amsterdam. After eight years, part of the city. It should become an accessible area for everyone. the focus turned toward the automobile industry and the A for Automotive was added. Architect Alexander Bodon’s efficient grid (7.5 m x 7.5 m) of the RAI

ARCHITECTURE

EXHIBITION CENTER

ART CENTER THEATER CENTER

Existing isometric view with four characteristic perspectives that show how the building complex blocks views and flows of people. A granulation is necessary.

EXHIBITION CENTER

New programmatic overview, showing how new streets create squares. Every building has its own programme.

Interventions from left to right: cuts, themes, one identity.

In the new masterplan, spaces of green and water create unity.

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The entrance building is a micro-ensemble within an ensemble. It functions as a meeting place for formal and informal visitors.

Ground floor and section of the entrance building.

The existing structural frames are used to create a new accessible street.

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URBANISM

A transparent and open faรงade generates flexibility between inside and outside spaces.

The foyer in the entrance building is publicly accessible.

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NEW OLD URBANISM

But this is no inevitable fate for our cities. The work of this year’s graduates Ever since cities came into existence, shows that looking back at the history of there has always been a drive to improve urbanism can be a rich source of them. To better protect them against inspiration and a vast body of collective enemies or natural forces, to make them knowledge one can draw from. more beautiful, to integrate new and Interpreted in a different way and with a upcoming uses and to solve health, critical attitude towards its initial goals transport or environmental problems. It and failures, the graduates come up with is part of the DNA of urbanism to change design proposals and process templates things and the ambition to do that for that are contemporary. They do not shy the better. However, what appears away from Constant’s New Babylon, the better today might be worse tomorrow.

19th-century city, modernist planning paradigms or ‘Haussmannian’ planning’; The last hundred years of urbanism in these graduates give it a twist that particular have borne witness to elevates their proposals above a finite numerous examples where ambitions and image of man, the uniformity of the well-intentioned ideas have turned into block city or autistic top-down planning. problems in the long run. Cars in cities, With their reference to the past, they air pollution, the destruction of nature are more forward-looking than many of by ever growing city fabrics. It all takes the science fiction proposals that clutter much longer now to solve these relevant websites and publications.

Their future is not about flying cars or problems than it took to roll out the refrigerators powered by mini atomic initial ‘solutions’. The sad consequence power plants. Their future is rooted in the often is that these urban ideas become rich and varied past of city development discredited and summarily dismissed.

That, for example, has turned modernist — from medieval fortresses to modernist urban landscapes. In extending that line urban planning into something evil in from the past into the future, they many people’s eyes. On the other hand, create a new old urbanism that feels other urban concepts get hyped as allembracing solutions. The result is a kind strangely familiar, but manages to address the big questions of our time. of ‘urbanism paupera’ with the In doing so they successfully combine proliferation of the same concepts in what good urbanism is about — making urban spaces time and time again. better cities for humans in balance with nature.

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SCAPE

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Markus Appenzeller Head of Urbanism

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URBANISM

CITY UNDER, ABOVE AND BETWEEN THE TRACKS

Improving the quality of urban station zones

Liza van Alphen

Graduation date 31 August 2020 Graduation committee Riëtte Bosch (mentor) Bert Dirrix Elma van Boxel

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Railway zones in the city cut through the urban fabric lengthways. Tracks were originally built on the outskirts of cities, but due to urban expansions, cities began to form on either side of the tracks. Cities are growing even today and are still popular compared to the countryside. The densification of cities and the rise in car use, one of the biggest ‘space consumers’ and polluters in the city, require us to make smarter use of space. By densifying station areas, the mobility system in the city can change. Owning a car will then become unnecessary.

Following the key projects, such as The Hague Central and Arnhem, it’s now time to improve the quality of smaller station areas. Amsterdam Muiderpoort, a socalled ‘vorkstation’ (a station with two tracks that do not run parallel, but come together slightly outside the station) was chosen and elaborated on as location for this graduation project.

The double railway tracks have a barrier effect: the neighbourhoods beside and between the tracks turn away from the tracks and have an isolated location, also in relation to each other, while the pressure on the housing market in this area is great. Furthermore, this station is considered to be unsafe by many travellers.

accompanying market, is continued under the track, which makes the Oostpoort become accessible from the Dapperbuurt and vice versa. In addition to extending this city street, an intricate network towards the Indische Buurt neighbourhood is also important in order to break the isolation. City streets are extended under the tracks, but an intricate network of streets is also built.

The third layer is the layer above the track that is essential to activate the underpasses. Access to the buildings above the tracks is gained from the underpasses, which come to life as a result of this. By emphasising the existing high-quality buildings, by continuing the city streets and by constructing buildings above the tracks, the railway zone will become vibrant once again and will be regarded as a whole.

In the graduation project, the station becomes the focal point of the urban district and the urban development has three different layers. Firstly, there are the existing pearls of the spot: the monumental station building is the key player. These pearls are used and are literally given space in the fabric to strengthen those spots. Subsequently, it is important that the urban fabric is patched up. To this end, the connection of the Dapperstraat towards Oostpoort is essential. The Dapperstraat, with the

Station hall. The station hall is given a new entrance on the northern side towards the Insulindeweg.

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Urbanity around the tracks.

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The city streets are continued and accompanied by the buildings. The underpasses are activated by the buildings above the track.

The future of Tuinwijck and Muiderpoort station. Taking the train as if you are grabbing the car from the car park: anyone can be on the train within three minutes from their front door.

Station square. The station building forms the central point of the neighbourhood. You can reach the platforms via the hall and you can also get to your home above the track via the platform.

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URBANISM

1. Utilizing specials

3. Densifying Former stations hall Majellachurch

Villa

Demolition Sportfondsenbad

4. Using the mobility

2. Continue urban fabric

Insulindeweg

Da pp er st ra at Ringv

aar t

Urban development. Unique buildings are preserved and accentuated as landmarks in the district. The urban fabric is patched up and the density is increased.

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THE BIG STEP FOR ROTTERDAM

Around the world, people move to cities for all kinds of reasons. I am fascinated by urban life in dense, complex cities. The future city requires a pleasant, healthy living environment without obstructions with a corresponding lifestyle that can help promote better mental balance and good health. This increases the city’s attractiveness. Unfortunately, the reality is different now. Increasing pressure on urban areas make many (in)visible barriers apparent, such as unfitting street patterns and huge traffic arteries.

They make a city dysfunctional at the expense of desired living quality.

Bridging barriers can fix problems of the existing city and exploit potentials for more city life.

Eric Claassen

Graduation date 14 November 2019 Graduation committee Martin Aarts (mentor) Ad de Bont Ingeborg Thoral

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Important interventions, such as ‘cuts‘ at Schiekade and Pompenburg in the car traffic system on different scales must take place. The car is given less space.

Bridging local barriers such as the railway tracks have priority.

Pedestrian ‘backbones’ fuse the city centre and residential areas.

Rotterdam’s experimental character is honoured by examining the quality of existing buildings and only demolishing what is necessary over time. New ‘specials‘ are added. Compact urban blocks are shaped by the mobility needs of cyclists and pedestrians to stimulate the use of public transport. A mix of small-scale functions in the plinth provides vibrancy on the streets. The Rotterdam, where experiments are construction of more than 5,000 houses ongoing, seems to be an ideal testing in an improved urban fabric creates ground for spatial designers. It is popular basic public space. Living and working for its own character, low housing costs will be in proportion again: 40% housing, and housing demand. The challenge is 30% working, 30% services. Flexible great at the same time: not all plan dimensioning ensures an adaptable experiments have been proven to be living environment, taking population sustainable. The city centre was designed changes and different needs into account. Human scale is brought back for monofunctionality and cars. Now, more houses should be built, and cyclists and ‘iconic’ high-rise fits in with the city. and pedestrians should be better Systems for clean energy and climate accommodated. More experimentation is adaptability is introduced. Publicly needed. Benefits can be gained from the accessible open (roof)spaces are as city’s own characteristics. That makes green as possible and connect with the the transition of Rotterdam to a new era surrounding landscape. interesting to investigate. I defined eight success factors for city life. With an The Big Step for Rotterdam runs parallel integral urban development plan, I show to what is already happening. By doing how they can be implemented. so, the boundary of possibilities can be sought. This project is an experiment to The centre of Rotterdam will be show possible gains for city life and the expanded. The Hofplein area is suitable ambitions of Rotterdam. This urban and has many potentials. The Hofplein development plan is meant to start the can also connect the North area of discussion that can serve as inspiration Rotterdam and the city centre. On for similar cities to take the big step top of that, the square can become towards city life. a connector in the regional bicycle network and can be linked to other modalities.

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Public domain

Public domain

Rotterdam’s Hofplein area is an underdeveloped, promising area where (traďŹƒc) interventions can generate new development and connect dierent parts of the city.

THRESHOLD

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city on eyelevel

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city on eyelevel

Map of possible developments: neighbourhoods in the city, users and visitors benefit from the improved and barrier free urban fabric in the area.

In the city, everything comes together.

Functions react to eachother and strengthen eachother.

Around every corner, after every twenty steps, something new is going on.

People make the city.

Around the world, people are moving to the city. How can we make a dense and pleasant city for the inhabitants, overcoming challenges such as pollution and barriers from cars?

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e new city style

Living in the city is a choise. Embrace the city rhythm and the ‘blues’, or evade it

(New York State of Mind, Billy Joel)

You don’t need to much private space. Squares, sportfields, parks, public rooftops and quick ways out of the city compensate.

s convienient and dynamic.

st technologies are avaliable to you livered to dropoff points ortunity for personal development

work on foot, on bike or transport. You arrive at ectly on time, and can ore time on other things.

You live in an apartment, loft, or maisonette. The average size is about 50 m2. There is no space for a car, but you can rent one a bit further away.

ng in the city is us, there is an increased meeting someone new friend.

In the city of the future, a new lifestyle improves our mental balance and our health.

Lively streets, lots to see and a good place to meet someone!

More space for pedestrian and bicyclist, well connected to public transport, in better balance with the car!

Proper housing accomodations and balance between busy and restful

Everything you need is within 5 city blocks. Groceries, amenities, and preferably work.

Climate adaptive thanks to systems for water, energy and trash. more green can prevent heat stress.

Attractive routes between important places, on different scales and levels!

A good mix of program and housing typologies, in a high density.

People who live and work in the area can change their environment to their needs of the moment.

A pleasant, healthy living environment can only be achieved if a certain area is familiar with the eight success factors for city life, which can be designed.

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Space for plants and animals. more the better, because it’s beneficial for the human mental balance and biodiversity.

Housing Working Amenities Special Traverse

Transformation from Schiekade to Schieplein: a 65-metrewide barrier becomes a pleasant living environment.

Densification with a diverse programme can be achieved. The proposed design fulfils Rotterdam’s ambitions, while boosting city life and its new lifestyle.

Bird’s eye view, showing a possible end result of following this project’s strategy for more city life in the Hofplein area.

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TEST #1: THE ISLAND

Translating an urban ideal into an urban design

Jacopo Grilli

Graduation date 27 August 2020 Graduation committee Ton Schaap (mentor) Iruma Rodríguez Hernández Billy Nolan

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This project is an attempt at a work methodology where imagination is considered to be the main design tool.

This methodology (image-based design) can be compared with the work of Yona Friedman, Piero della Francesca and Constant Nieuwenhuijs, and suggests that the power of an image is able to inspire and influence the culture of making projects. The idea is to introduce imaginative drawings as a more consistent tool for guiding the process of designing the city. Over the course of about 15 years, throughout my education, a personal intuition for a city has been elaborated and implemented.

And this has now been tested in reality, for the first time.

The urgencies selected and the examined theory contributed to the elaboration of an urban model called Urban Cell, ready to be tested in reality. The Randstad conurbation is the chosen geographical location to be reshaped in order to ‘apply’ or ‘test’ the urban model. From the perspective of population density, dimension, geography and climate change, the Randstad has all qualities to be a metropolis where nature and culture can coexist.

Nature and Culture are the spheres that were investigated within a theoretical framework. The studies and the literature by Kevin Lynch, Cedric Price and Richard Weller are reformulated as motivation for a departure from the current urban paradigm: the coming together of Nature & Culture in a spatial and ethical agreement. This analytical phase provided new material for the imaginative part of the project that led me closer to the reality. The result is a city shaped by geography and culture that relies on its natural resources, and enhances them as the principal reason for existence.

The conclusion is reported in a panoramic picture of the renewed metropolis that enhances its qualities and represents a relevant approach to balance nature with our living culture. The work methodology of the project, the imagebased design represents the way I would like to work in the field of urban design.

The final proposal is to shape the metropolis as an island, capable of facing the climatic issues of water rising and enforcing the nature-culture agreement thanks to the presence of the Groene Hart (Green Heart) area. In addition The idea is explored through a selection to the design of the regional strategy, of drawings that summarise the the island needs important and crucial imaginative process. Subsequently, the interventions as well, such as: a hyperloop imagination was confronted with the system to connect the existing centres urgencies of contemporaneity that (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, The Hague); a defensive system in order underlines the actual relationship with human life in the city, such as: growth of to design with nature: a multifunctional the urban population, urban densification ‘super dyke’; a design proposal for and sprawl, and overproduction and waste. the ultimate urban boundary between This has resulted in a dramatic absence the existing centres and the Groene of nature and an ‘unsconscious’ growth, Hart; an urban system that allows rural based on the economy of our society. villages to live on water.

URBANISM

Year 1996. The urban ideal consists of an ‘Urban Cell’ morphology, where the urban fabric surrounds and protects an agricultural and natural core. A transition between nature and culture is enhanced by a new system of cultural centres.

Year 2200. The borders are defined. Dykes and locks are designed for a controlled flood. A renewed and a conscious metropolis will arise.

The symbolic space where nature and culture coexist and protect each other will be an island.

Year 2020. The imagination of the island takes form. The consistency of the flood and the relationships within the existing cities are explored with a specific focus on the functions of the Urban Cell of the Randstad (hyperloop, central garden).

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"An Island below the sea level is a symbol of mediation between the natural element and the cultural asset"

"A city shaped by geography and culture that relies on its natural resources, and enhances them as the principal reason of existence"

The second imaginative step is testing the first idea in the reality of the Randstad. A hyperloop will connect the main existing cities. At every station a new urban development will arise and symbolise the limit with the Groene Hart.

The first imaginative step assumes that the societal and urban growth need a new agreement between nature and culture. The Urban Cell idea is a human settlement, constituted by an edge of urban fabric and a protected inner natural area.

"An urban settlement where the culture-nature agreement is materialized in a city"

The Randstad metropolis is connected by the hyperloop, a new super dyke protects and shapes the island. The Groene Hart is the central garden and new water villages show how to live on water.

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Super dyke (Oosterdijk). 175 kilometres (L) x 400 metres (W) x 20 metres (H). The super dyke can be turned into every facility the metropolis needs, for example: a new linear city.

Water village (Nieuwe Polsbroek). If the construction of the dyke excludes some villages or cities from the island, a logistics system will support a new lifestyle on the water, by means of water mobility, research centres and mobility hubs.

Urban border (Gouda). Every city with a hyperloop station will shape the border between nature and culture.

Even a small city, famous for the cheese production can have a dense urban area with a business district.

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I AMSTERDAM, TO BÈTA

A new tech environment as part of Amsterdam’s urban metabolism

Sander Maurits

Anyone who is working in the technology sector is seeing it happen: Amsterdam is booming. Whereas Amsterdam was previously known as a city of the arts, the science-related companies have experienced explosive growth in the last five years. In no time, the city has entered the Top 5 of the world league table of best potential business climates for companies in the technology sector.

The lack of a physical tech environment and a pool of people with the right knowledge that is too small has become an increasingly pressing problem.

It hinders the development of Amsterdam as a genuine tech city.

Due to the rapid transition to the digital knowledge economy, there is a growing shortage of staff in the tech sector — which also applies to the rest of the Netherlands. An important reason for this is that there is no University of Technology linked to the city of Amsterdam. Many secondary school students appear to choose the capital over the choice of study. By establishing a tech university in the city and improving the business climate for tech companies in the city, it is possible to kill two birds with one stone. This will also have an impact on the national problem of the tech sector moving abroad. As a result of this, Amsterdam can further develop into a fully-fledged player in the international knowledge circuit in the field of technology.

In order to make the maximum contribution to the city, the tech campus must not end up on the outskirts of the city, but in the vicinity of the city centre.

Learning and working in the city provides a synergy that also fosters freedom of choice and unexpected encounters. In this way, companies and inhabitants of the city have the opportunity to develop optimally.

Amsterdam therefore needs a tech campus. By adding various buildings — colleges — to the existing city like acupuncture, the whole can be optimally intertwined with the existing urban metabolism. A different approach will therefore be pursued here — the college model — rather than the usual campus model: a borderless space of objects in the landscape on the outskirts of the city. Following the college model, the introverted and collective spaces will be connected with each other in a complex structure of enclosed courtyards, streets and squares. In this way, Amsterdam will gain a series of modern science colleges (Bèta-colleges) with the spatial qualities of the classic college. It will be a place that meets the latest requirements of the digital knowledge economy where students, entrepreneurs and institutions can develop optimally. It will be a piece of the city where sharing, demonstrating and experimenting with new knowledge is of paramount importance.

Graduation date 12 September 2019 Graduation committee Martin Aarts (mentor) Floris van der Zee Eric van der Kooij

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Science axis Amsterdam: large-scale acupuncture in synergy with the city.

The Volksvlijt College has a variety of public spaces.

Volksvlijt College Frederiksplein, a city centre tech college for development and self-fulfilment.

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Test zones 'living labs' Plurality Encounters Active plinth

Defined facades Landmarks

Liminal spaces

Active plinth

Multifunctional main building De Volksvlijt, section. During the day, it is an auditorium for students, in the evening a theatre for the city.

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Active plinth

Condensated public space

'Breathable' public space

Volksvlijt College, section. There is a variety of public spaces.

URBANISM

Active plinth

The new Science College with public square alongside the publicly accessible Singelgracht.

In the Knowledge Alley (Kennissteeg) of the Science College, Life Testing of new technology will take place in public, but controlled, space.

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OTHER(S) IN AMSTERDAM

Amsterdam as cosmopolitan city, global and local

Veronika Skouratovskaja

Graduation date 6 November 2019 Graduation committee Tess Broekmans (mentor) Lada Hršak Annuska Pronkhorst

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The population of Amsterdam is growing by approximately 12,000 inhabitants per year. This growth is increasingly dependent on foreign migration. The length of the stay varies from permanent residence to a short work-related or study-related stay. Amsterdam is a city with a rich history of immigration. How can this city (continue to) cater for the changing composition of its residents?

Which urban environments will ensure that different groups of newcomers can live together in harmony with each other and with the original residents without sacrificing their own identity?

The city has subareas where groups with a particular migration background live.

At the borders and overlap of these subareas, the majority of encounters arise. In my graduation project, I propose preserving and shaping this space for the benefit of diversity. I have focused on the Kostverlorenvaart, which I saw as a section of the city.

It was once a city boundary, but is now a busy boating route. Along the Kostverlorenvaart, there are fascinating places where different areas overlap.

I made design proposals for new meeting places at six locations.

Amsterdam is known throughout the world as a cosmopolitan city, but what does that mean actually? What does a cosmopolitan city look like? Can a cosmopolitan city be made? My graduation project is my own search for the answers to these questions based on my own migration background and my fascination for Amsterdam. In addition to studying the history, the demographics and the economics of migration, I also started observing on the streets to find out the many meanings and connotations of cosmopolitanism.

I started by formulating my own definitions of the cosmopolitan city: it offers individuals the space and time to chart the path from stranger to inhabitant of the city; a cosmopolitan city offers freedom of choice to maintain one’s identity or to allow it to become blurred; a cosmopolitan city is based on diversity that stimulates the development of the city and helps it move forward. These definitions, based on theories about different phases of migrations, led me to the main question: how do you make a cosmopolitan city?

The most important principles for these transformations were to design specifically, and to reinforce and colour in the boundaries between the areas.

It is not about certain groups taking over the space, but about people from different cultures being able to initiate a particular use of the space, as a result of which it also attracts other people.

Seeing and observing each other leads to interaction and mutual understanding.

Urban acupuncture will be applied on different scale levels at the spots where areas meet: at street or building level, or as elements in the public space. They will ensure a new lease of life for the spots at the borders of areas. Each spot will have its own programme that will have a direct effect on the urban life.

They will be inviting to use the space differently and add programmatic elements. In this way, interaction will arise. The ever-changing groups of users will ensure continuous renewal. By giving spots a colour and specific use, they will become a destination in the city.

Different groups of people can use the space, parallel to each other or with each other. These spots are like cement for the city. This is how you build a cosmopolitan city! Amsterdam.

URBANISM

Migrant workers, students, asylum seekers, expats — one stays, while the other leaves over time. Where do these people live and how do they become part of the city?

Specific spots at the borders within the city provide a sense of surprise, confrontation with others, amazement and renewal. The design principles are applicable to several spots in the city.

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At the transitional zones in the city and at the spots where areas meet, urban acupuncture will be applied on dierent scale levels: at street or building level, or as elements in the public space.

URBANISM

Havenstraat - Bazaar. This will become a spot for informal trade by and for migrants. In addition to the existing Romney sheds, new ones can be erected with gates with tarpaulin in between.

Sloterkade — Snoekvrienden (angling enthusiasts). The car park by the water will become a stretch of grass and a spot for anglers to meet and exchange stories.

Zimmerterrein - Moeders kookpot (Mother’s cooking pot).

Cooking together? An outdoor kitchen can encourage those present to cook together and get to know each other better.

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Zoutkeetsplein - Outdoor play. A large scrabble board will be placed on the square, with letters from several languages.

Playing together stimulates encounters and interaction.

Piri Reisplein - Secret garden. A walled garden can be made from the space around the mosque, thus contributing to the collective memory of the city.

Pontsteiger - Urban theatre. A long stand will be placed on the pier for the urban theatre, which can be used to sit down, to climb, to play and to dream away.

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TRIBALISM IN THE DIGITAL AGE

A collective utopia

Robert Younger

Graduation date 26 August 2020 Graduation committee Hiroki Matsuura (mentor) Joyce van den Berg René Boer

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Tribalism in the Digital Age aims at a new way to build resilient communities facing future challenges such as climate change, the fourth Industrial Revolution (digitalisation) and population growth through a participative design process.

The starting point was an extensive research on the socio-economic consequences of technological progress through a comparative study of the industrial revolution of the late eighteenth century. Based on the findings, three scenarios were drawn to explore possible future realities and allocate dangers and potentials.

future displays a recession of human societies into tribal structures with the abolition of high-tech in order to fulfil one’s primal necessities as a human.

Ted Kaczynski’s Unabomber Manifesto Industrial Society and Its Future was the blueprint here. 4: The Techno-Socialist (civil embrace) future offers a society which establishes individual freedom through democratic knowledge and ownership of technology. Everyone owns machines, there is a synergistic relationship.

The third normative scenario establishes autonomy of decision and the independent supply of basic human assets like food, The first predictive scenario identified digitalisation, climate change and global clean water, energy as necessary condition for resilient urban communities. population growth as major drivers of This is achieved by education and a shift change in the future. in responsibility from the government and private sector back to the individual Secondly, the explorative scenario and the collective (tribe). The project painted different images of the future area is Tempelhofer Feld — the former along two axes: the technological axis determines either embracing or rejection airport in Berlin. At present, it is a symbol of Berlin’s failure to implement of technology in the future and the future-proof policies to conserve its societal axis defines the organisation of a future society as either civil or colourful, diverse society. The popular corporate. From this, four possible vote in 2014, after the closing of futures emerged. 1: The Escapist commercial flight operations and several (corporate-rejection) future sees the development plans, was an unmistakeable sign of distrust in Berlin’s public future as islands of well-being in a authorities. This added to the notion of dysfunctional world ravaged by letting the people become involved in segregation and the effects of global the future of the site to fulfil its massive warming. Society is only held together potential for the city and its challenges. I by chemical and digital diversion. This have created a game with a set of rules comes very close to dystopias like 1984 structuring the decisions of participants or Brave New World. 2: The Dataist to let Tempelhofer Feld become a (corporate embrace) future shows the laboratory for ideas, dreams and consequence of monopolies and technological supremacy by a few super pioneering solutions. I did this in order to set a path for Berlin to preserve its companies. The price to be paid for the beautiful, divergent history, but also to promise of a carefree, healthy and become a global pioneer in how urban superhuman existence is the absolute commodification of every aspect of life. life in a socially equal, climate adaptive Smart cities smoothen daily life cycles and, most importantly, humane utopia by harvesting datasets of each individual. can be organised.

3: The Neo-Luddite (civil rejection)

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The game generates layers of ecosystems, mobility, built environment and energy.

Masterplan.

Urban detail at the river.

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100 m 50

50 m

m 10

M

200 m

200 m

100 m

One has to double 100% of the mÂł of biomass found on the plot to be colonized.

The block contains a coherent green network connecting to surrounding blocks.

meadow

heatland

young forest

forest

0m L

50 m

XL

10 0

10

m

0m

There are several stones per layer. People can take them and build structures on the board.

Every stone has to follow rules indicated by the layers underneath.

Four scenarios for the future: Escapist, Dataist, Neo-Luddite, Techno-Socialist.

The game is played in layers.

One round represents one layer.

These are the game rules for the green structure layer.

1

2

3

4

This is how you play the game: 1. Establishing the ecosystem 2. Food and networks 3. Energetical infrastructure and the built environment 4. Definition of urban space.

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Every layer has its own projection, showing important information to make decisions.

This is one of the millions of possibilities the green structure of Tempelhof Feld can look like.

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WIDENING PERSPECTIVE

identity. He redesigns the river valley of the city of Vierzon into a natural water Our discipline, Landscape Architecture, system that collects and stores water, is gaining importance day by day. Not while giving it a new green identity only in the transformation of our connected to its specific location. Hanna immediate environment, but also in the Prinssen has conducted research into future of our planet as a system. Our forest fires, a global phenomenon and a ambitious students take their responsibility new issue within landscape architecture. to heart and are convincing in how they In California, she introduces a new change urgent problems into new landscape in which fire is a welcome part of the natural woods system and possibilities, which add value to natural management. A clever intervention, based systems and our living environment. on the existing geomorphology, protects The 2019-2020 group of graduates show the inhabitants and invites them into the landscape. Vincent Janssen takes the city us new areas for research and design, of Gouda to show that current water including the large scale and the far problems can change into future future. The projects include in-depth research, bold interventions and creative opportunities. Vincent designs a new city park that stores water and enhances integrated designs that widen the nature, whilst creating a new connection perspective of Landscape Architecture.

These new areas of expertise are a clear between the city centre and its invitation for follow-up actions by future surrounding landscape. Ziega van den Berk has taken the Dutch ambition to students, academic researchers and build 8,000 windmills on the Dogger related experts. The projects make it Bank in the North Sea to add ecological clear that new and daring policy is value. She has conducted extensive needed, both locally and globally. All research into the habitat of marine life designs combine and connect dierent to create a new and varied underwater spatial demands and integrate various disciplines. Simultaneously, a wide variety landscape that can develop over time of beautiful new environments for flora, into a nature reserve and a large nursery, fauna and people to live in are presented. which restores the flora and fauna of the North Sea. Jan Eiting proposes big Roeland Meek shows us how the current changes to tackle serious problems agriculture system around Utrecht caused by drought. In his design for the requires transformation. By designing Veluwe as a National Park, he proposes a more natural landscape with deciduous this area as an agricultural landscape forests, heathland and drifting sands, that feeds the entire city of Utrecht, he sets the goal for the necessary alteration while replenishing the groundwater and of our diet. Jeroen Boon boldly proposes connecting nature areas. to break down the Oosterschelde barrier to re-establish a dynamic water landscape These ambitious and courageous pioneers in Zeeland that includes the process of in our discipline make me proud and sand sediment flows. In his proposal, our hopeful. I am sure that this generation of Landscape Architects will influence fragile delta landscape is sustainably reinforced by natural processes. Philippe our common future.

Allignet is intrigued by the many mediumHanneke Kijne sized shrinking cities of France that are struggling with their development and Head of Landscape Architecture

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

THINK LARGE

Curing the struggling medium-sized cities of France through landscape design

Philippe Allignet

Graduation date 25 May 2020 Graduation committee Roel van Gerwen (mentor) Pierre-Alexandre Marchevet Hein Coumou

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Half of the medium-sized cities of France are slowly disappearing. Apart from social and economic weaknesses, they are experiencing various symptoms such as shrinkage, urban decay, ageing and impoverished populations, which are having a direct impact on their spatial qualities and their very identity. Those cities need a spatial and social cure to reinvent themselves. But what cure?

Currently, the cities concerned are fighting their problems with generic, urban-focused solutions in an attempt to reinvent their broader identity. However, something different is needed to deal with the problems the cities are facing.

As a landscape architect, I see potential in integrating the surrounding landscapes, which can potentially serve as natural connectors. The project LARGE (Landscape Generation/Regeneration) introduces a landscape-based, spatial and social transformation methodology.

I applied this method to Vierzon, known as the ‘French Detroit’.

The valleys, the forgotten lifeline of this city, are the places where the problems are piling up. The city is entirely blocked from evolving by the flood-risk policy of the local government. I envisioned a flood-resilient waterscape to rework the policy contours and act as leverage to reveal the valley’s identity on three scales: Large, Medium and Small.

On the large scale (L), the flood-resilient waterscape generates three enhanced and connected valley landscapes: a lake landscape buffering water and supporting nature-inclusive developments; a porous city crossed by green channels for water to flow while creating urban, collective and denser islands; and an accentuated meandering landscape easing the discharge of flood waters, a new natural structure for a more local and diverse

agrarian landscape. These three enhanced valley landscapes will form the backbone of Vierzon’s new identity via intricate spaces, nature and mobility networks, and urban and tourist developments.

This project subsequently investigates the consequences of the large-scale waterscape actions over the urban valley (M). Widening the confluence and opening the canal axis creates more space for the river and reactivates the disused canal. By relocating programmatic functions in this decaying, vacant and car-dominated space, the downtown area can be transformed and intensified by shaping multi-user spaces and networks, smartly gathering work and shopping functions in clusters near the valley.

This project finally focuses on the Yèvre park (S), with the iconic rebirth of the river at the former canal axis. It supports the downtown area, highlighting the former canal axis via two structuring paths and it reacts to the neighbouring city in three specific river sequences.

Firstly, the intense river as the shop window of the active downtown area, followed by the playful meandering river between two vibrant banks, and finally the braided river, a blooming waterscape at the entrance to the downtown area’s economic cluster.

Through the example of Vierzon and its valley, LARGE proves, as an approach and method, that landscapes can function as possible and efficient leverage to revitalise decaying and stagnant medium-size cities. LARGE can transform and shape a diverse range of landscape-driven identities. What struggling medium-size cities need to do now is to change their policy from depreciation to fascination.

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LARGE methodology: a landscape-designed and social approach to transforming the identity of cities.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

L

M

S

The concept of spatial transformation: an approach through different scales towards flood-resilience and landscape generation.

From a large waterscape to a transforming the rural valley ...

... to the leverage to activate and create the valley's city.

The Yèvre park (S). An iconic and dynamic riverscape, supporting the activation of the downtown valley.

Concept of the valley’s waterscape, transforming the landscape in order to reshape the city.

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Scale L: the flood-resilient waterscape. Towards the generation of three integrated valley landscapes.

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A multi-user public space in the valley (M). From a generic, cardominated and vacant street to a valley specific, user-friendly axis.

The braided river (S). Blooming nature along the river at the entrance of the downtown area.

The intensified downtown (M). From car parks and opaque urban fabrics to landscape-based spaces, urbanism and architectures.

The meandering river (S). A fine balance between river nature and recreational green spaces in between residential neighbourhoods.

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The breeding ground of the North Sea

DOGGERLAND

Ziega van den Berk

Graduation date 25 August 2020 Graduation committee Marieke Timmermans (mentor) Bruno Vermeersch Philomene van der Vliet

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The North Sea has been exploited by the fishing industry since the beginning of the 20th century. This has resulted, among other things, in the virtual disappearance of the hard substrate: the feeding ground for marine life. As a result of this, the floor of the North Sea is now largely comparable to a barren desert. In the meantime, there are megalomaniacal plans to build the wind turbines that are needed for the energy transition in the North Sea. They are necessary in order to reach the climate objectives. By 2050, 15,000 wind turbines need to have been built in the North Sea, 8,000 of which at the Dogger Bank, a shallow sandbank with a surface area as large as half of the Netherlands in the middle of the North Sea. This sandbank is seen as a superior area for oshore wind farms due to its shallow location. Moreover, the high wind speeds ensure maximum returns.

This graduation project investigates what it could mean for the Dogger Bank if you would approach the design of a wind farm in the sea from the perspective of the landscape and the marine life itself. The hard substrate that is created by the construction of a wind farm presents an opportunity here.

In order to be able to set to work with this in a sound way, it is necessary to first view the sea as a landscape and to get to know this landscape including all its inhabitants. For example, some animals at the Dogger Bank like to be in the lee, while others actually like the current. There are also animals that need a large shelter and others prefer to look for a crack. Some animals like shade, while others like light. One has very specific needs, while the other feels at home anywhere. However dierent life may be organised, hard substrate is essential as solid ground beneath the marine life.

By getting to know the marine animals, their needs became clear. In this way, a series of design parameters were established that are important when designing a wind farm. Each design choice was influenced by the needs of the marine life: from the scale level of a wind turbine foundation to the large scale of the gigantic wind turbine farm over the entire Dogger Bank.

Because a lot still needs to be discovered in terms of the specific requirements and wishes of dierent marine species, the point of departure in this design is: the more diverse the habitat, the greater the biodiversity. For that reason, this project follows a design cycle: design, build, examine and modify this wind turbine farm, then design, build, examine and modify again, etc. As a result of this, more knowledge about the landscape with its marine life will be generated automatically.

When our energy transition is completed and the wind turbines are lined out, the beginning of an underwater nature conservation area will be left behind: a breeding ground of great stature that can contribute to the restoration of the biodiversity and to the health of the North Sea.

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1

2

3 5

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The hard substrate of this wind turbine base that has been designed oers new places to live for the marine life. 1. Staying 5m underwater to take account of invasive species 2. Hydro polyps and freshwater amphipod 3. Sea-anemones and soft corals 4. Similar species inhabit deeper parts of the existing and the artificial hard substrate 5. The largest diversity in species inhabit the middle zone (5-10m deep).

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The Dogger Bank, a submerged landscape, a shallow sandbank in the middle of the North Sea with a surface area as big as half of the Netherlands.

Old and new treasures of the centuries-old Doggerland: on a voyage of discovery in this new landscape.

Research into the wishes of marine life resulted in a series of design parameters that will be used for a new design of a wind farm in the sea.

Who are the (future) inhabitants of the North Sea? What do they do?

What are their wishes? What’s a typical day like for them?

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The profusion of sediments from the old glacial landscapes come to the surface once again by rolling out this wind farm: the more diverse the habitat, the greater the biodiversity.

A typology of wind turbines leaves behind a new habitat.

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SEDIMENT

About the future of a dynamic delta

Jeroen Boon

The eternal battle against water has shaped the Dutch and made them worldfamous. Nevertheless, it also has a downside: dams and dykes have increasingly cut off our delta from the once so rich dynamics of this landscape.

There is a greater distance between man and nature. Climate change lies in waiting as a new challenge.

Since the completion of the Delta Works, the water quality of the delta has deteriorated, salt marshes and plates are disappearing, banks are caving in and migratory fish have no opportunity to migrate. Whereas natural processes once shaped the fertile land and preserved its vitality, dykes and dams have disturbed these dynamics in the delta. The salinity gradient between fresh and salt water has as good as disappeared because of this, as well as the supply of sediment. In the meantime, the problems of the area are being exacerbated by climate change and it is exposing the system’s poor resilience.

The Dutch delta has become vulnerable once again, because the sea level is rising, while our country is not growing along with it. Natural processes can help us to sustainably reinforce our delta.

The project Sediment will ensure that the forces and processes of nature will form part of our delta once again, based on the possibilities of a regenerating delta that grows along with the rising sea level. This will allow a robust and climate-proof landscape to form, which in addition to water safety also provides a boost to biodiversity, recreation and food cultivation. The main aim of the interventions is to get the sediment motor going again. Tools for restoring the dynamics of the delta are pulling down the Eastern Scheldt Barrier (Oosterscheldekering) and construction of the Overschelde.

Graduation date 17 December 2019 Graduation committee David Kloet (mentor) Yttje Feddes Paul de Kort

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Due to these interventions, a dyke assignment is created in which the coast line is transformed into a robust coastal zone. In the plan, statements are made about the Southwest Delta, but the design specifically focuses on the island Schouwen-Duiveland and the Oosterschelde. The central position in the delta makes this location promising as pilot area for the surrounding islands.

The plan builds on existing landscape structures like coastal buffer zones, dykes and inner dykes. By means of soberly designed cuts, the narrow coastline will be widened and the dynamics permitted in a minimalistic way. The sedimentation process will be supported by a grid of piles, which will also be used for food production and increasing the biodiversity. The recreational user is a guest at some spots in this sublime landscape.

The aim of Sediment is to approach water safety from a different viewpoint and to show the richness that this yields.

The smallest part of the delta, the sediment, can flourish once again due to these added dynamics. The longer we wait with permitting dynamics in the delta, the greater the hunger for sediment will be.

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The pillars of the dismantled Eastern Scheldt Barrier will be used to widen the coastal zone and will also form a monument in the water.

Inside the dykes, polders will also be opened to the rich dynamics of the delta by means of soberly designed cuts in the dyke.

In the lee of the Oosterschelde, the sediment will settle as a result of which salt marshes will gradually grow along with the rising sea level again.

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The widened coastal zone will have an eect far into the interior. With the N59 as scenic route, the passer-by will experience this contrasting landscape.

The compartmentalised delta waters will have no mutual relationship any more. The system will be reopened. In this way, it will change from an aquarium into an estuary.

In due course, all separate delta waters will be connected with each other again like a robust system.

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During the day, birds will forage here, but at high tide humans will be just as welcome in the vulnerable area.

In this rugged part of the Oosterschelde, old pillars from the Eastern Scheldt Barrier will be used as breakwater. Innovative forms of seaweed cultivation will benefit from this.

The narrow pier with only a single handrail will make this experience outside the dykes almost uneasy. The visit will be short-lived.

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GROOT-VELUWE NATIONAL PARK

With the proposal to make a large National Park from the Veluwe region, a comprehensive solution is provided for one of the most urgent problems in the Netherlands: the decline in biodiversity in nature conservation areas on the higher sandy soils. The nature in the Veluwe is deteriorating due to desiccation and nitrogen deposition that is largely caused by human action. If we want to pass on the unique natural environment to future generations, now is the time to restore the balance between humans and nature.

Jan Eiting

In the past 150 years, the Veluwe region has dried out significantly. Buering seepage marshes have been drained for the benefit of agriculture. Moreover, a lot of rainwater evaporates due to coniferous forests, as a result of which the groundwater is not replenished suďŹƒciently. This groundwater is not only of essential importance to nature, but also to agriculture and to our water supply. As a result of the expected increase in droughts in the summer, the demand for water will only become greater.

By transforming closed, dark coniferous forests and monofunctional grasslands into deciduous forests, open heathland and a landscape of drifting sands, the groundwater reservoir will be replenished sustainably. As a result of this, a water-rich nature network will arise.

Spectacular visual connections between the natural and the built environment can also be made and unique landscape elements will be created and displayed, such as star-shaped forests and prehistoric dry valleys.

Graduation date 31 August 2020

The seepage water that rises up on the flanks will no longer be discharged to the sea, but will be stored in natural marshes. This will let an attractive landscape rich in flora and fauna arise, where high-quality drinking water can also be extracted. Space will be created for land-based farming on the higher grounds in this landscape. More deciduous forests will also be planted, which are badly needed in order to achieve climate objectives. This landscape transition will go hand in hand with a gradual restructuring of the intensive livestock farming by building homes on existing farmyards. These wooden housing ensembles will be placed at the edge of the forest overlooking a brook marsh surrounded by nature.

Farmers who are located at the transition from high to low area will provide maximum biodiversity on the flowery heathland, meadowland and fields with the heathland agricultural system.

Furthermore, sheep herds will graze the nature, with the sheep manure being used on the fields. This logical form of circular agriculture in combination with nature management on the higher sandy soils will make the farmer the figurehead of the landscape once again.

The balance of the Veluwe’s ecosystem will be restored after a few decades and the biodiversity will increase exponentially. In this way, an attractive and sizeable natural landscape of up to 2,000 km2 will be created, which humans and animals can enjoy for generations to come: the endless nature of GrootVeluwe National Park.

Graduation committee Bram Breedveld (mentor) Sjef Janssen Gerwin de Vries

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A dense coniferous forest will be transformed into a spectacular open heathland and shifting sand landscape, in which a few majestic star-shaped forests will emerge.

In Groot-Veluwe National Park, the entire ecosystem of the Veluwe region will be restored and ultimate experiences will be created in an endless natural landscape.

The natural marsh and forest landscape on the flanks will provide drinking water and wood.

Moreover, you will soon be able to live there, surrounded by nature.

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In the middle of the star-shaped forests, there are ponds where wild animals can drink in the evening; a unique spectacle.

The heathland is connected with the urban edges from the higher grounds. A gateway to the Veluwe is therefore created with endless views over the lower-lying landscape.

The marsh and the forest landscape follow the natural logic of the landscape. The dryer grounds provide space for various forests, homes and agriculture, while the wetter grounds are intended for drinking water marshes.

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Due to the heathland agricultural system, the farmer is the figurehead of the landscape and manages the flowery meadowland, the heathland and the arable land.

The dense coniferous forest in the valley will be transformed into heathland, where you can walk through a prehistoric landscape.

Lodges on the edge of the first overlook the dry valley. Thirty lodges disappear completely from view in the endless forest landscape: an ultimate nature experience is guaranteed.

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NEW DYNAMIC

A water-rich prospect for Gouda

Vincent Janssen

On 5 February 1995, Max van Noorden surfed over the A2 motorway near the city of Den Bosch, which resulted in a fascinating photo. The extreme rainfall left the water system overburdened at that time. Sewers, ditches and rivers couldn’t drain the rainwater quickly enough. The result hereof was that the A2 was under water for several days and because of that served, inadvertently, as a temporary water buffer. This photo shows the vulnerability of our system in the event of climate extremes. Since this photo, we have been confronted with extreme weather conditions more and more often. As a result of climate change, that will only increase.

The arrangement of the public space in the city plays a major role in the mitigation of climate extremes. In recent years, numerous technological aids have been developed to store water in the city in times of surplus and to be able to subsequently use this water in the event of shortages thereof.

Gouda also has problems during extreme rainfall or drought. The water system cannot withstand large, short-lived peak discharges and, in addition, the current buffer capacity in large areas of the city is insufficient for a local solution to the problem. Moreover, as the sponge effect is insufficient, too little water is available in dry periods.

When you think about Gouda, the vast peat meadow areas with their many ditches, the Reeuwijkse Plassen (Reeuwijk Lakes) and the winding rivers quickly come to mind. Gouda owes its existence to the presence of water and could use it now for strong future prospects.

Graduation date 7 July 2020 Graduation committee Huub Juurlink (mentor) Gerwin de Vries Lot Locher Irene Poortinga

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My proposal consists of a comprehensive vision of the future for Gouda, in which water plays the leading role by setting forth various solutions for the water problem. There is also, however, a great deal of attention devoted to urban and landscape topics, such as mobility, housebuilding, the urban-countryside relationship, urban routing, recreation and health. The partial elaboration of this vision has resulted in an urban park: a dynamic water buffer that protects Gouda against climate extremes. The design of the park is not only about the solution to the water problem, but also has a clear social component.

The urban park offers Gouda a waterrich prospect for the future due to the dynamic layout with various types of nature. With alternating dry and wet areas, the park is able to embrace climate change. In addition to a waterrich environment with recreation functions, the park consists of a new physical connection between the city and the surrounding landscape in the form of a new urban boulevard.

This boulevard not only shapes the connection between the city and the landscape in a logical manner, but also connects the existing urban districts with each other. A new housebuilding programme, the urban periphery, flanks and accentuates the boulevard.

This project demonstrates the vulnerability of our current urban layout, but also shows the potential thereof.

By thinking in a future-oriented way and developing a comprehensive vision, several urban challenges can be tackled simultaneously.

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N→

A water-rich prospect for Gouda: a dynamic urban park as spatial driver for a climateadaptive city. The park connects the city and the countryside. Gouda becomes anchored again in the characteristic landscape.

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The inspiration. On 5 February 1995, Max van Noorden surfed over the A2 motorway near the city of Den Bosch.

Draft model: static peat plots versus the meandering historical peat river.

The urban park with urban periphery. The park contains a variety of dynamic wet green structures.

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The new building blocks are surrounded by landscaped strips that serve as water buers in the event of extreme weather conditions. The landscaped strips house places to sit and relax.

Footpaths with places to sit and relax run like a natural streamer through the dynamic and constantly changing water landscape.

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REBUILDING LAND

Implementing a food and agricultural transition

Roeland Meek

‘A good average is more than boosted harvest’ — Justus von Liebig, 1861, inventor of fertiliser Although you would not notice it from the supermarket shelves, we are facing an agricultural crisis in the Netherlands.

In the past century, industrialisation and increased scale have taken place in the agricultural sector. Due to the rising value of the agricultural land, production is constantly being ramped up. The consequences are visible: monocultures are leading to the fragmentation of natural areas, there is a decline in soil quality due to the use of herbicides and overfertilisation, and the CO2 emissions and greenhouse gases are leading to health and environmental problems. Moreover, the high rents for plots perpetuate the pursuit of shortterm gains. In short: current business operations are disastrous in the long term for the agricultural sector and for nature.

In order to meet these challenges, the Dutch Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Carola Schouten, has opted for the transition to circular agriculture by 2030. That means that the animal feed and other food sources will be kept at the farm or obtained from the immediate surroundings and that the food production will be for local use to a much greater extent.

However, this requires a mental shift among the farmers who at present are often able to import cheap animal food and nutrients.

Graduation date 20 November 2019

In this graduation plan, the possibilities of circular agriculture as an alternative development for the planned urban expansion in Polder Rijnenburg in the province of Utrecht are examined.

The result is a spatial transformation of an empty polder into an attractive production landscape, based on the soil and water regime of the polder. It will thus become a place where agriculture, ecology, recreation and urbanism come together in a logical way. This plan assumes that people will switch to the ‘EAT-Lancet diet’ — more vegetables and less meat — as a result of which there will still be enough food for a global population of 10 billion people in 2050. The plan offers an alternative perspective on the relationship between city and countryside. Local food production is the keyword in that regard.

The elaboration of the subarea Groot Polder Rijnenburg is a spatial translation of the transformation of the conventional agriculture into nature-inclusive agriculture. It resulted in an eight-metre long scale model, in which the business operations of three farms are linked to each other in a circular cooperative.

The envisaged transformation will possibly be the most far-reaching spatial intervention in the Dutch landscape since the land consolidation schemes.

In spite of the topical nature of the assignment and the possible impact, there is still little consideration for this development in the field, even though it is high time a start was made on this.

Graduation committee Roel van Gerwen (mentor) Noël van Dooren (mentor) Marieke Timmermans Bruno Vermeersch

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Master plan Groot Polder Rijnenburg examines the opportunities for circular agriculture as an alternative to urban expansion. In Polder Rijnenburg the city of Utrecht and its hinterland are reconnected once again.

The five applied design principles 1. Four dierent types of agriculture: fruit cultivation; arable farming; horticulture; cattle-breeding 2. Water cycle: water motor (reservoir/nutrient filter) 3. Connection between city and countryside 4. Morphology of connection: natural levee; plains of the levee; fertile claygrounds (komgronden) 5. Three types of landscape: bocage; hedges; meadow-lands.

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Terpenlandschap

Esdorpenlandschap

Hoevenlandschap

Slagenlandschap

Homo Urbanus 10 kcal fossil-fuel energy 1 kcal food energy

Homo Rusticus 1 kcal fossil-fuel energy 2,3 kcal food energy

Our current food system is unsustainable: our diet and food system currently require 10 kcal fossil energy input for the production of 1 kcal food energy.

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The current view of Polder Rijnenburg: in, a deathly, lifeless silence prevails in, above and under the empty grass landscape.

Scale model of a model farm in Polder Rijnenburg in which three existing farms are combined into a circular cooperative.

The future view of Polder Rijnenburg: the function follows the water regime and the soil conditions.

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The Dutch landscape acts as a pasture for the world; the grass landscapes are food tundras in a country of abundance.

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A FIRE-SCAPE

A new form of a fire-resilient landscape

Hanna Prinssen

When the indigenous population still inhabited the forests of North America, fire was an important part of life and the process of landscape formation. The Native Americans conducted controlled burns that contributed to the openness of the landscape and also lead to better hunting, gathering and harvesting. An ‘unspoiled’ wilderness arose as a result of this occasional, controlled burns that created a mosaic of grasslands and forest in the whole of North America.

With the arrival of the English colonists in 1850 and the construction of houses, roads and tracks, fire became a threat.

As a result of programmes of fire fighting and prevention, the ecosystems in these forests have changed drastically since then and dense tree stocks have arisen without diversity. In combination with the current climate change that results in extreme forest fires more and more often. In spite of this, people continue to build houses in California in or in the vicinity of forests that are susceptible to fires. Life-threatening situations continue to exist.

The programmes that are aimed at protecting the built environment against fire therefore have the opposite effect to what was intended. A different approach is needed. Can we learn from the Netherlands, where we are protecting against the water with dykes, sea defences and dunes, even as the sea level continues to rise? The strategy to give space to the water has become customary, as a result of which new landscapes can arise with new forms of resilience. Could the fire problem in California be tackled in a similar way?

Couldn’t we also design with, instead of against fire in order to tackle the problem?

Graduation date 29 June 2020 Graduation committee Yttje Feddes (mentor) Joyce van den Berg Gert-Jan Wisse

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A Fire-Scape harks back to the modified firescape from the past and seeks a combination of knowledge of fire and the Dutch manner of dealing with water.

By reintroducing a productive ‘firescape’ in which wood is produced, an economic driver and a modified mosaic landscape is created in which fire becomes part of the ecological process once again. Not only the forest structure will be tackled, but also the water structure, housing, recreation and the fire management will be designed.

The comprehensive design makes space for fire and guarantees the safety of the residents.

In A Fire-Scape, a fire dyke creates safety around the residential areas.

This is strategically located along the border of the mountain ridges. The one-to-two-metre thick top layer is removed from the fire dyke, exposing the granite rock. This ensures that no flammable material can grow in this zone and the fires from the fire-scape are stopped naturally. The fire dyke therefore has a safety function, but also forms a recognisable element in the landscape, whereby the contrast between safe and unsafe becomes visible. It also becomes a place to enjoy the fire.

With A Fire-Scape, a new vision is created, in which fire will once again constitute a functional and controlled visual component of the landscape. That is necessary because fires will become a more prominent part of the landscape in the future due to climate change.

Landscape architects have to start designing new resilient landscapes that prepare society for a life with fires, so changes can become a natural part of the landscape.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

5 km

1 km

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DETAIL 1

B’ B

ELABORATION MI-WUK VILLAGE

DETAIL 2

ELABORATION GROVELAND

Comprehensive master plan in which the water system, forest structure, recreation and fire safety come together in a mosaic landscape that is designed to tackle fires.

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Partial elaboration of Mi-Wuk Village, in which the residents come to live in a moist rolling landscape in contrast to the dense forests in which fires can rage.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

north facing slope high density of trees moist/cool

south facing slope low density of trees more mature trees

On the Fire Dyke between the safe residential landscape and the exciting fire-scape. some dead trees by drought and the bark beetle

same trees with same age river is invisable in landscape

Route to Yosemite National Park over the Fire Dyke and through the wilderness. diversity of trees reflecting the natural conditions

Fire-dike along the mountain ridge that stops the fire from moving to the living environment

fire break along the mountain ridge

Mosaic fire-plain with prodcution of wood

natural river which slows down the water

Living in clusters surrounded by open mature forest

The Native American landscape (top), the problem of the current American landscape (middle) and the vision for the future: the human modified landscape (bottom).

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Water stream landscape with open moist grasslands that are managed by cattle

Place of exchange between the landscapes and a point to view

System drawing of the partial elaboration of Mi-Wuk Village with the dierent landscapes.

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5 km

5 km

5 km

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Thematic map of water system, in which water retention plays a major role.

5 km

5 km

Thematic map of fire management, in which landscape architectural interventions like firebreaks are designed and the relief and the wind direction follow.

Thematic map of forest structure, in which the forest changes into a mosaic structure based on the relief and the direction of the sun.

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ARCHITECT, URBANIST, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT — MASTER OF SCIENCE Architects, urbanists and landscape architects learn the profession at the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture through an intensive combination of work and study. They work in small, partly interdisciplinary groups and are supervised by a select group of practising fellow professionals. There is a wide range of options within the programme so that students can put together their own trajectory and specialisation. With the inclusion of the course in Urbanism in 1957 and Landscape Architecture in 1972, the Academy is the only architecture school in the Netherlands to bring together the three spatial design disciplines under one roof.

Some 350 guest tutors are involved in teaching every year. Each of them is a practising designer or a specific expert in his or her particular subject. The three heads of department also have design practices of their own in addition to their work for the Academy. This structure yields an enormous dynamism and energy and ensures that the courses remain closely linked to the current state of the discipline.

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The courses consist of projects, exercises and lectures. The design projects form the backbone of the syllabus. On the basis of a specific design assignment, students develop knowledge, insight and skills.

The exercises, often linked to the design projects, are focused on training in those skills, such as analytical techniques, the use of materials, text analysis, and writing.

The morphological studies concentrate on the making of spatial objects, with the emphasis on the creative process and making projects, gaining experience in converting an idea into a creation.

During the periods between the terms there are workshops, study trips in the Netherlands and abroad, international exchange projects and other activities.

The Academy regularly invites foreign students for the workshops and recruits well known designers from the Netherlands and further afield as tutors and lecturers.

Graduates from the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture are entitled Architect, Urbanist, and Landscape Architect, with the addition Master of Science.

A self-chosen graduation project and committee guides the student during the last year’s master proof: the graduation project. The final exam is being examined by their mentors and two added examiners.

MASTERS OF SCIENCE

EXAMINERS 2019–2020 Maud Aarts Ruwan Aluvihare Laura Alvarez Jeroen Atteveld Sebastian van Berkel Jaap Brouwer Marlies Boterman Marijke Bruinsma Bart Bulter Marc a Campo Gianni Cito Jana Crepon Mels Crouwel Dingeman Deijs Nikol Dietz Tatjana Djordjevic Elsbeth Falk Yttje Feddes Rein Geurtsen Uri Gilad Micha de Haas Albert Herder Rob Hootsmans Lada Hršak Floris Hund Bastiaan Jongerius Niké van Keulen David Kloet Ira Koers Miguel Loos Marcel van der Lubbe Pierre-Alexandre Marchevet Ellen Marcusse Lodewijk van Nieuwenhuijze Berdie Olthof Jarrik Ouburg

Chris Scheen Machiel Spaan Gus Tielens Jolijn Valk Saline Verhoeven Martine Vledder John Westrik Winfried van Zeeland Herman Zonderland

Ricky Rijkenberg Ruurd Roorda

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COLOPHON Advisory board Markus Appenzeller Joseefke Brabander Hanneke Kijne Jan-Richard Kikkert Madeleine Maaskant Bruno Vermeersch Production Janna Verhoeven Editor Vibeke Gieskes Translation Richard Glass Graphic design Arthur Roeloffzen Printing Art Libro | Cassochrome Publisher Amsterdam Academy of Architecture Waterlooplein 213 1011 PG Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31(0)205318218 info@bwk.ahk.nl academyofarchitecture.nl © 2020 Amsterdam Academy of Architecture All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy or any storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture does not accept responsibility for errors or omissions.

The Amsterdam Academy of Architecture has endeavoured to trace the copyright holders of all the illustrations. Anyone who claims entitlement to copyright should contact the publisher.

ISBN 978-90-827761-9-5

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ARCHITECTS Rimaan Aldujaili Chantal Beltman Annely van den Berg Arne de Gans Koen van Hoof Kuba Jekiel Rosa Jonkman Kristina Koši Ilse Landwehr Johann Jesse Mommers Lucas Pissetti Annabel Rodriguez Laura Rokaite Ewout van Rossum Quita Schabracq Eva Souren Elena Staškut David Tol Maarten Vermeulen Lindsey van de Wetering Simon Wijrdeman Huub de With

URBANISTS Liza van Alphen Eric Claassen Jacopo Grilli Sander Maurits Veronika Skouratovskaja Robert Younger

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

978 -9 0 - 827 761-9 -5

Philippe Allignet Ziega van den Berk Jeroen Boon Jan Eiting Vincent Janssen Roeland Meek Hanna Prinssen