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Dosage Calculations, 9th edition 9th Edition by Gloria D. Pickar, Amy Pickar-Abernethy

Ch 1: Fractions and Decimals

Ch 2: Ratios, Percents, Simple Equations, and Ratio-Proportion

Ch 3: Systems of Measurement

Ch 4: Conversions: Metric and Household Systems

Ch 5: Conversions for Other Clinical Applications: Time and Temperature

Ch 6: Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement

Ch 7: Interpreting Drug Orders

Ch 8: Understanding Drug Labels

Ch 9: Preventing Medication Errors

Ch 10: Oral Dosage of Drugs

Ch 11: Parenteral Dosage of Drugs

Ch 12: Reconstitution of Solutions

Ch 13: Pediatric andAdult Dosages Based on Body Weight

Ch 14:Alternative Dosage Calculation Methods: Ratio-Proportion and DimensionalAnalysis

Ch 15: Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations

Ch 16: Body SurfaceArea andAdvanced Pediatric Calculations

Ch 17:AdvancedAdult Intravenous Calculations

Dosage Calculations 9th Edition Pickar Test Bank

Chapter 1 Fractions and Decimals PROBLEM

Complete the following.

1. Arrange the following decimals from largest to smallest: 1.5, 0.25, 1.025.

ANS: 1.5, 1.025, 0.25

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Decimals

2. Arrange the following decimals from largest to smallest: 0.33, 0.045, 0.7.

ANS: 0.7, 0.33, 0.045

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Decimals

3. Arrange the following fractions from smallest to largest: , , . ANS: , , PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Fractions

4. Arrange the following fractions from smallest to largest: , , ANS: , , PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Fractions

Perform the indicated operations. Reduce fractions in answers to lowest terms.

5. ANS: PTS: 1

DIF: Comprehension REF: Adding Fractions

ANS:

PTS: 7.

ANS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Division of Fractions

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Subtracting Fractions

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Division of Fractions

Perform the following computations. If the questions do not have a whole number as the answer, compute to the third decimal place, and round to the second decimal place.

ANS: or 75.58 (rounded)

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

11.

ANS: or 0.05 (rounded)

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Multiplying Decimals

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

12.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Dividing Decimals

13. Convert the following decimal to a fraction and reduce to lowest terms.

0.09

ANS:

0.09 =

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

14. Convert the following decimal to a fraction and reduce to lowest terms.

0.175

ANS: 0.175 =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

15. Convert the following fraction to a decimal and round to the nearest hundredth.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

16. Convert the following fraction to a decimal and round to the nearest tenth.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

17. Perform the indicated operation.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

18. Perform the indicated operation. 6.3 100

ANS: 6.3 100 = 630

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Multiplying Decimals

19. Perform the indicated operation and round the answer to the tenths place.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Multiplying Decimals

20. Perform the indicated operation and round the answer to the nearest tenths place. 123.56 78

ANS:

123.56 78 = 9,637.68 = 9,637.7

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Multiplying Decimals

21. Perform the indicated operation.

350 0.07

ANS:

350 0.07 = 5,000

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

22. Perform the indicated operation.

25 0.4

ANS:

25 0.4 = 62.5

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

23. Perform the indicated operation and reduce to the lowest terms.

ANS:

REF: Dividing Decimals

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Multiplying Fractions

24. Perform the indicated operation and reduce to the lowest term.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

25. Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest term.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Division of Fractions

26. Convert 0.45 to a fraction in the lowest terms.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

27. Convert 0.125 to a fraction in the lowest terms.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

28. Convert to a decimal.

ANS: 4 8 = 0.5

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

29. Convert to a decimal and round to the nearest hundredths place.

ANS: 5 8 = 0.625 = 0.63

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Conversion between Fractions and Decimals

30. Find the least common denominator for the following pair of fractions. , ANS: LCD = 33

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms

31. Find the least common denominator for the following pair of fractions. ,

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms

32. Perform the indicated operation and reduce to the lowest terms.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

33. Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 4 2 ANS: 4 2 1

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

34. After surgery, a patient drinks 2 ounces of clear liquids every 2 hours. How many ounces will the patient drink in 8 hours?

ANS: 2 4 = = = 10 ounces

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Multiplying Fractions

Chapter 2

PROBLEM

1. Complete row 1 in the table above.

ANS: , 5% , 1:20

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

2. Complete row 2 in the table above.

ANS: 0.125, 12.5%, 1:8

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

3. Complete row 3 in the table above.

ANS: 0.45, , 9:20

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

4. Complete row 4 in the table above.

ANS: 0.3, , 30%

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

Solve for X. Round answers to two decimal places.

ANS:

Rounded to two decimal places, X = 0.63

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

6. ANS:

Rounded to two decimal places, X = 6.67

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

Compute the answers for the following word problems.

7. Aclass of students consists of 9 men and 51 women. Write a proper fraction to represent the part of the total class that is women. Reduce the fraction. Change the fraction to a percent.

Reduced fraction: Percent:

ANS:

There are 51 women in the class of 60 students.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

8. A student received a score of 48 points on a test that was worth 60 points. Write a fraction to represent the portion of the test the student had answered correctly. Reduce the fraction. Change the fraction to a percent.

Reduced fraction: Percent:

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

9. In order to pass a chapter test, a student must answer 80% or more of the questions correctly. If a chapter test has 25 questions, what is the smallest number of questions that the student must answer correctly in order to pass the test?

ANS:

At least 80% of 25 questions must be answered correctly.

The student must answer at least 20 questions correctly.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

10. In order to pass a unit test, a student must answer 80% or more of the questions correctly. If a unit test has 75 questions, what is the largest number of questions that the student could answer incorrectly, but still pass the unit test?

ANS:

At least 80% of 75 questions must be answered correctly.

At least 60 questions must be answered correctly.

The largest number of questions that the student could answer incorrectly, but still pass the test, is 15 questions.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Ratios and Percents

11. Change the following ratio to a fraction. Reduce to lowest terms.

3 : 6

ANS: 3 : 6 = =

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

12. Change the following ratio to a fraction. Reduce to the lowest term.

5 : 35

ANS: 5 : 35 = =

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

13. Change the following ratio to a decimal. Round to the hundredths place.

3 : 7

ANS:

3 : 7 = = 0.428 = 0.43

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

14. Change the following ratio to a decimal. Reduce to the hundredths place.

0.26 : 0.92

ANS:

0.26 : 0.92 = = 0.282 = 0.28

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

15. Change the following ratio to a decimal. Round to the hundredths place.

1.4 : 2.8

ANS: 1.4 : 2.8 = = 0.5

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

16. Change the following ratio to a percent. Round to the hundredths place.

3 : 6

ANS:

3 : 6 = = 0.5 = 0.50 = 50%

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

17. Change the following ratio to a percent. Round to the hundredths place.

0.7 : 2.8

ANS:

0.7 : 2.8 = = 0.25 = 25 %

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

18. Solve the following problem for X.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

19. Upon admission to the hospital, a child weighed 62 lb. One week later, upon discharge, the child weighed lb. How much weight did the child lose?

ANS:

X = 4.5 lb

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

20. Aclient is to receive 1,800 mLof fluid during a 24-hour period. The client is to receive of the fluid between 7 AM and 10 PM Calculate how many mLthe client will drink during that time.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

Determine what % one number is of another number.

21. 30 is what % of 100?

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Finding the Percentage of a Quantity

22. 5 is what % of 1,500?

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Finding the Percentage of a Quantity

23. 1 is what % of 100?

ANS: 0.01 = 1%

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Finding the Percentage of a Quantity

24. Convert as indicated.

written as a ratio.

ANS: 3 : 4

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Ratios

25. Convert as indicated.

written as a ratio.

ANS:

7 : 8

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Ratios

26. Find the value of X in the following equation.

ANS: 750 = 500X

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

27. Convert the following % to a decimal.

66%

ANS: 66% =

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

28. Convert the following % to a decimal.

5.25%

ANS: PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

29. Convert the following decimal to a percent.

0.04

ANS: 0.04 100 = 4%

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

30. Convert the following decimal to a percent.

0.0016

ANS: 0.0016 100 = 0.16%

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

31. Convert the following decimal to a percent.

0.99

ANS: 0.99 100 = 99%

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

32. Determine the percentage of a given number.

25% of 40

ANS: 0.25 40 = 10

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

33. Determine the percentage of a given number.

75% of 50

ANS: 0.75 50 = 37.5

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

34. Find the value of X in the following equation.

ANS: 24X = 12 X = -0.5

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Solving Simple Equations for X

Chapter 3 Systems of Measurement

SHORTANSWER

Express in proper metric, apothecary, or household notation.

1. one-half teaspoon

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

2. two and one-half liters

ANS: 2.5 L

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

3. three-tenths of a gram

ANS: 0.3 g

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

4. 25 milliequivalents

ANS: 25 mEq

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: The Household System

REF: Metric System

REF: Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents

5. two quarts

ANS: qt ii

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

6. 15 drops

ANS: 15 gtt

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

7. five-tenths of a milligram

ANS: 0.5 mg

REF: The Household System

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Metric System

8. two hundred milliliters

ANS: 200 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

9. one teaspoon

ANS: 1 t

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

10. three tablespoons

ANS: 3 T

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

11. five pounds

ANS: 5 lb

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

12. two ounces

ANS: 2 oz

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

13. ten drops

ANS: 10 gtt

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Interpret the given notations.

14. 35 units

ANS: 35 units

REF: Metric System

REF: The Household System

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents

15. 3.5 mg

ANS: three and one-half milligrams

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

16.

ANS: one-half teaspoon

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

17. 12.5 mL

ANS: twelve and one-half milliliters

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

18. 12 gtt

ANS: twelve drops

PTS: 1

19. 22 oz

ANS: twenty-two ounces

DIF: Comprehension

REF: Metric System

REF: The Household System

REF: Metric System

REF: The Household System

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

20. 0.25 mg

ANS: twenty-five hundredths of a milligram

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

21. 30 mEq

ANS: thirty milliequivalents

REF: The Household System

REF: Metric System

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents

22. 50 mcg

ANS: fifty micrograms

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

23. 0.04 g

ANS: four-hundredths of a gram

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

24. 700 mL

ANS: seven hundred milliliters

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

25. 2 T

ANS: two tablespoons

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Metric System

REF: The Household System

Chapter 4 Conversions: Metric and Household Systems

PROBLEM

Convert each of the given quantities to the equivalent unit indicated. Your answers must be in the proper form for the metric, household, or apothecary system measurement requested in the question.

Convert each of the given quantities to the equivalent unit indicated.

1. 1.5 g = mg

ANS: 1,500 1g = 1,000 mg

x = 1,500 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

2. 1.5 mg = mcg

ANS: 1,500 1 mg = 1,000 mcg

x = 1,500 mcg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

3. 3,500 g = kg

ANS: 3.5 1 kg = 1,000 g

x = 3.5 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

4. 125 mg = g

ANS: 0.125 1,000 mg = 1 g

x = 0.125 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

5. 250 mcg = mg

ANS: 0.25 1 mg = 1,000 mcg

x = 0.25 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

6. 0.4 mg = gr

ANS:

gr i = 60 gr

0.4 mg = 0.4 ÷ 60 =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

7. gr mg

ANS: 15 1 gr = 60 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

8. 15 cm = in

ANS: 6 1 in = 2.5 cm

x = 6 in

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

9. 50 inches = cm

ANS: 125

1 in = 2.5 cm

x = 125 cm

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

10. 30 kg = lb

ANS: 66

30 kg = 30  2.2 = 66 lb

1 kg = 2.2 lb

x = 66 lb

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

11. 15 t = mL

ANS:

15 t = 15  5 = 75 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

12. 10 in = cm

ANS: 25 cm 25 x = 25 cm

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

13. 0.4 g = mg

ANS: 400 mg 400 1 g = 1,000 mg x = 1,000 0.4 x = 400 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

14. 220 lb = kg

ANS:

1 kg = 2.2 lb x = x = 100 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

15. 5.27 kg = g

ANS: 5,270 g

5,270

1 kg = 1,000 g

x = 5,270 g

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

16. 5 kg = g

ANS: 5,000 g 5,000

1 kg = 1,000 g

x = 5,000 g

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

17. 2 L = mL

ANS: 2,000 mL 2,000

1 L = 1,000 mL

x = 2,000 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

18. 32 mcg = mg

ANS: 0.032 mg 0.032

1 mg = 1,000 mcg

x = 0.032 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

19. 24 in = cm

ANS: 60 60 cm

1 in = 2.5 cm

24 2.5 = 60 cm

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

20. 0.56 mcg = mg

ANS: 0.00056 0.00056 mg

1 mg = 1,000 mcg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting within the Metric System

Solve the following problems using conversions as needed.

21. Apatient’s lunch consisted of the following fluids:

6 ounces of soup

8 ounces of milk

6 ounces of gelatin

4 ounces of pudding

Calculate the patient’s total fluid intake in ounces. Convert to mL and to L. oz mL, L

ANS: 24, 720, 0.72 1 oz = 30 mL

24 oz, 720 mL, 0.72 L

24 oz = 24  30 = 720 mL

24 oz = 720 ÷ 1,000 = 0.72 L

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

22. The total fluid intake of the below is mL.

1 ounce = 30 mL

= 120 mL Intake = 690 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

23. The patient is to receive 5 mLof a drug, which is the equivalent of teaspoons.

ANS: 1 1 t

1 teaspoon (t) = 5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

24. At an annual physical, a patient weighs 198 pounds, which is the equivalent of kilograms.

ANS: 90

kg 1 kg = 2.2 lb 198 2.2 = 90 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

25. Anewborn infant is 22 inches long. His length is cm.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

26. Anewborn infant is 50 cm long. Her length is inches.

ANS: 20

1 in = 2.5 cm

50 2.5 = 20 in

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Systems of Measurement

Chapter 5 Conversions for Other ClinicalApplications: Time and Temperature

SHORTANSWER

Complete the following questions by converting between traditional time and international time.

1. Convert 10:45 AM to international time.

ANS: 1045

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

2. Convert 2:30 PM to international time.

ANS: 1430

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

3. Convert 8:00 AM to international time.

ANS: 0800

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

4. Convert 4:50 PM to international time.

ANS: 1650

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

5. Convert 12:15 PM to international time.

ANS: 1215

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

6. Convert 12:25 AM to international time.

ANS: 0025

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

7. Convert 1825 to traditional time.

ANS: 6:25 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

8. Convert 0450 to traditional time.

ANS: 4:50 AM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

9. Convert 1525 to traditional time.

ANS: 3:25 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

10. Convert 1215 to traditional time.

ANS: 12:15 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

11. Convert 2220 to traditional time.

ANS: 10:20 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

12. Convert 1000 to traditional time.

ANS: 10:00 AM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

Convert between international and traditional time or between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures as requested.

13. A patient’s outpatient surgery is scheduled to begin at 1500. The patient is to be instructed to register at the outpatient surgery desk 2 hours before the scheduled time for the surgery. Using traditional time, state the time at which the patient should arrive for registration.

ANS: 1500 = 3:00 PM

Two hours before 3:00 PM is 1:00 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

14. A patient’s outpatient surgery is scheduled to begin at 1500. The physician estimates that the patient will be in the surgery room for an hour and a half, and then in the recovery room for an hour. After that, the family may visit with the patient. At what time would the family members expect to be able to visit with the patient?Answer using traditional time.

ANS:

1 hr 30 min in surgery + 1 hr in recovery room = 2 hours, 30 minutes. 3:00 PM + 2 hours, 30 minutes = 5:30 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

15. Anurse who was assisting with the delivery of a baby noticed that the child was delivered at 12:10 PM. How should she note that time in the medical records if she is supposed to report the time using international time?

ANS: 12:10 PM = 1210

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

16. The emergency room nurse administered a medication to a patient at 3:25 AM He is supposed to record the time using international time. What should he record as the time of administration?

ANS: 3:25 AM = 0325

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

17. Apatient arrived in the emergency room with a fever of 38.5 C, which was reduced to 37.8 C by the time she was admitted to a hospital room. Change those temperatures to Fahrenheit temperatures.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

18. A mother called the pediatrician’s office, reporting that her infant son had a temperature of 102.6 F. The nurse is to record the information as a Celsius temperature. What should the nurse write down as the temperature reported by the mother?

ANS: PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

19. Convert 8:25 PM to international time.

ANS: 2025

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

20. Convert 7:45 AM to international time.

ANS: 0745

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

21. Convert 1:16 PM to international time.

ANS: 1316

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

22. Convert 11:20 AM to international time.

ANS: 1120

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

23. Convert 1945 to traditional time.

ANS: 7:45 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

24. Convert 2320 to traditional time.

ANS:

11:20 PM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

25. Convert 0915 to traditional time.

ANS: 9:15 AM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

26. Convert 1152 to traditional time.

ANS: 11:52 AM

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting between Traditional and International Time

27. Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures as requested. 100 F

ANS: 100 F = = 37.8 C

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

28. Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures as requested.

ANS: PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

29. Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures as requested.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

30. Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius as requested.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

Chapter 6 Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement

COMPLETION

1. The medicine cup calibrations indicate that 1 teaspoon is approximately mL.

ANS: 5 mL 5

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Oral Administration

2. The medicine cup calibrations indicate that 1 tablespoon (1 T) is approximately mL.

ANS: 15 mL 15

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Oral Administration

SHORTANSWER

Draw an arrow to point to the volume that corresponds to the dose to be administered with the given equipment.

1. Administer 0.75 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

2. Administer 1.2 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

3. Administer 0.08 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

4. Administer 15 units.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

5. Administer 68 units.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

6. Administer 36 units.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

7. Administer 4.6 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

8. Administer 17 mL.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

9. Administer 2 t.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Oral Administration

10. Administer 0.36 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

11. Administer 0.75 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

12. Administer 1.6 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

13. Administer 2.9 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

14. Administer 4.2 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

15. Administer 3.8 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

16. Administer 5.6 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

17. Administer 15 mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

18. Administer 12 units of insulin.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

19. Administer 80 units of insulin.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: ParenteralAdministration

20. Can you measure 1.45 mL in a single tuberculin syringe? Explain.

ANS: No.Asingle, tuberculin syringe has a maximum capacity of only 1 mL.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: ParenteralAdministration

21. How would you measure 2.44 mL in a 3 mLsyringe?

ANS: Round to 2.4 mLand measure 2.4 mL on the syringe.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: ParenteralAdministration

22. In which syringe should 0.32 mLof a medication solution be measured?

ANS: The medication can be measured and administered with a 1 mL(tuberculin) syringe.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: ParenteralAdministration

23. Is it considered safe practice to exchange packaged droppers?

ANS: No, it is not considered safe practice because drop size varies from one dropper to another.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: OralAdministration

24. Will using a medicine cup to measure a liquid medication always give you an accurate amount of medication?

ANS: No, medicine cups only provide approximate measures.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oral Administration

25. Can insulin syringes be used to measure any medication for parenteral use?

ANS: No, insulin syringes can only be used for the measurement and administration of insulin.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Parenteral Administration

26. What are some examples for use of a 1 mL(tuberculin) syringe?

ANS: The 1 mLsyringe can be used to measure and administer allergen extract, vaccines, and medication for children.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: ParenteralAdministration

27. Can the single-dose, prefilled syringe cartridge be used more than once?

ANS: No, a single-dose, prefilled syringe cartridge can be used only once and then must be discarded.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Parenteral Administration

Chapter 7 Interpreting Drug Orders

SHORTANSWER

Answer the following questions by supplying either the medical abbreviation or the interpretation of the medical abbreviation.

1. q.i.d.

ANS: four times per day

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

2. p.c.

ANS: after meals

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

3. t.i.d.

ANS: three times a day

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

ANS: with

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

5. p.o.

ANS: orally

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

6. q.4h

ANS: every four hours

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

7. before

ANS:

PTS: 1

8. nothing by mouth

ANS: NPO

DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

9. gtt

ANS: drops

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

10. lytes

ANS: electrolytes

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

11. when necessary

ANS: p.r.n.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

12. immediately

ANS: stat

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

13. b.i.d.

ANS: two times a day

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

14. min.

ANS: minute

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

15. h

ANS: hour

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

16. q.h

ANS: every hour

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

17. q.12 h

ANS: every twelve hours

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

18. capsule

ANS: cap

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

19. intramuscular

ANS: IM

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

20. intradermal

ANS: ID

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

21. per rectum

ANS: pr

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

22. tablet

ANS: tab

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

23. q

ANS: every

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

24. qs

ANS: quantity sufficient

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

25. aq

ANS: water

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

26. GT

ANS: gastrostomy tube

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

27. NG

ANS: nasogastric tube

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

28. noct

ANS: night

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

29. et

ANS: and

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

30. IV PB

ANS: intravenous piggyback

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: MedicalAbbreviations

Interpret the following drug orders or write drug orders using correct medical abbreviations based on the supplied information.

The drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

31. Phenergan 25 mg IM q. 6h p.r.n., nausea.

ANS:

Give Phenergan 25 mg intramuscularly every 6 hours as necessary for nausea.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

32. codeine gr p.o. q.4h p.r.n., pain.

ANS:

Give grain of codeine orally every four hours as needed for pain.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

33. potassium chloride 40 mEq p.o. b.i.d. in 4 oz juice.

ANS:

REF: The Drug Order

Give 40 milliequivalents of potassium chloride orally, twice per day, in four ounces of juice.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

34. Demerol 25 mg IM q.6h p.r.n., pain.

ANS:

REF: The Drug Order

Give 25 mg of Demerol intramuscularly every 6 hours as needed for pain.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

35. Amoxicillin 500 mg p.o. t.i.d.

ANS:

Give 500 mgAmoxicillin orally three times per day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

36. Morphine Sulphate 2 mg IV q.2h p.r.n., pain.

ANS:

REF: The Drug Order

Give Morphine Sulphate 2 mg intravenously every 2 hours as needed for pain.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: The Drug Order

37. Give Lasix 20 mg orally twice a day.

ANS: Lasix 20 mg p.o. b.i.d.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

38. Give Prednisone 25 milligrams orally once daily.

ANS: Prednisone 25 mg p.o. daily.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: The Drug Order

39. Tylenol suppository 325 mg p.r q. 6h p.r.n, for temperature of 101F or higher.

ANS:

Give Tylenol 325 milligram suppository per rectum every 6 hours as needed for a temperature of 101F or higher.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: The Drug Order

Chapter 8 Understanding Drug Labels

SHORTANSWER

Identify the following, using the given label.

Used with permission from Pfizer Inc.

1. The name of the manufacturer is

ANS: Pfizer Inc.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

2. The form of the drug is

ANS: Caplets caplets

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Identify the following, using the given label.

Used with permission from Pfizer Inc.

REF: Name of the Manufacturer

REF: Form

3. The route of administration is

ANS: I.V.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

4. The brand name of the drug is .

ANS: Zithromax

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

5. What are the label alerts?

ANS: Must be further diluted before use.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Identify the following, using the given label.

REF: Administration Route

REF: Brand and Generic Name

REF: LabelAlerts

Manufacturer:

ANS: Ethex

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

7. Brand name:

ANS: none, generic drug

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

8. Generic name:

REF: Name of the Manufacturer

REF: Brand and Generic Name

Label courtesy of KV Pharmaceutical Co., St., Louis, Missouri.

ANS: nitroglycerin

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

9. Dosage strength:

ANS: 6.5 mg per capsule

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

10. Form:

ANS: capsules

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

11. Administration route:

ANS: oral administration

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

12. National Drug Code number:

ANS: NDC 58177-005-04

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

13. UPC code bars:

ANS: 3-58177-005-04-6

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

14. Total number of capsules:

ANS: 100 capsules

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Identify the following, using the given label.

REF: Brand and Generic Name

REF: Dosage Strength

REF: Form

REF: Administration Route

REF: National Drug Code (NDC)

REF: Bar Code Symbols

REF: TotalVolume

Used with permission from Aventis Pharmaceuticals.

15. Lot number:

ANS: Lot BA799

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

16. Expiration date:

ANS: 08/xx (Aug 20xx)

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Identify the following, using the given label.

REF: Lot or Control Number

REF: Expiration Date

17. The supply dosage is g per mL.

ANS: 2% = 2 g per 100 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Supply Dosage

18. The supply dosage is mg per mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Supply Dosage

Chapter 9 Preventing Medication Errors

SHORTANSWER

Complete the following based upon the directions. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

1. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Heparin 1,400 u/h.

ANS: Heparin 1,400 units/h.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Transcription

2. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

MS4mgIV.

ANS: Morphine sulfate 4 mg IV.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

3. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Lanoxin .125 mg q.o.d.

ANS: Lanoxin 0.125 mg every other day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

4. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Regular insulin 7.0 u every AM.

ANS: Regular insulin 7 units every AM.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

5. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Demerol 75.00 mg IM as needed for pain.

ANS: Demerol 75 mg IM p.r.n., pain.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Transcription

6. When receiving verbal orders, the nurse should and the order to ensure its accuracy.

ANS:

When receiving verbal orders, the nurse should repeat and verify the order to ensure its accuracy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Verbal Orders

7. Who is legally responsible for patient safety and any medications errors that may occur?

ANS:

The person administering the medication is legally responsible for patient safety and any medication errors that may occur.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Safe MedicationAdministration

8. Identify the six rights of medication administration.

ANS: Right patient Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Safe MedicationAdministration

9. The nurse should check the medication label how many times before administering the drug?

ANS: 3 three

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Right Drug

10. Identify the error in the following medical order.

Dilacor XR 240 mg q.d. per nasogastric tube.

ANS:

This is an extended release medication and should not be crushed or dissolved.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Right Route

11. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Lasix 40.0 mg IV q.d.

ANS: Lasix 40 mg IV daily.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

12. Identify how the “right drug” is maintained by the nurse.

ANS:

The “right drug” is maintained by checking the medication label: 1. on first contact with the drug 2. prior to measuring the drug 3. after obtaining the drug, just prior to administration

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Right Drug

13. Documentation of medication administration should occur when?

ANS: Documentation should occur after the medication administration.

REF: Transcription

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Right Documentation

14. What is one of the “main causes” of medication errors?

ANS: Incorrect transcription of the original prescriber’s order.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Transcription

15. What list was written in an attempt to avoid transcription errors?

ANS:

The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” list of MedicalAbbreviations

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Transcription

16. According to The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” List of Medical Abbreviations, how should the commonly used abbreviation, Q.D. now be written?

ANS: Write“daily.”

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Transcription

17. According to The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” List of Medical Abbreviations, how should the abbreviation IU, now be written?

ANS: Write “International Unit.”

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Transcription

18. According to The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” List of MedicalAbbreviations, why should the RN not write a trailing zero on a medication dose?

ANS:

The decimal point may be missed.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

19. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Fosamax 70 mg q.d.

ANS:

Fosamax 70 mg daily.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

20. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

NPH Insulin 45.0 u SC every AM.

ANS: NPH Insulin 45 units SC every AM.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

21. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Heparin 1,000 u SC q.d.

ANS: Heparin 1,000 units SC daily.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

22. Correct the medical notation of the following order.

Valium 2.0mgp.o.,daily,p.r.n.,anxiety.

ANS: Valium 2mgp.o.,p.r.n, anxiety.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Transcription

23. Do registered nurses have the legal authority to write patient orders and prescriptions?

ANS: No, only those licensed health care providers who have the authority by their states to write prescriptions and orders are permitted to do so. Examples include a medical doctor (MD), nurse practitioners (NP), physician’s assistants (PA), a dentist (DDS), an osteopathic doctor (DO), and a podiatrist (DPM).

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Prescription

24. What reference should a nurse use when validating the safety of the medication as ordered and transcribed?

ANS:

The nurse should refer to a reputable drug reference resource to validate the safety of ordered and transcribed medications.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Prescription

25. How many ways does The Joint Commission require a patient to be uniquely identified to ensure the safe administration of medications.

ANS:

The Joint Commission requires that patients be identified with at least two unique identifiers such as name and date of birth, or name and patient ID number. It may not be the room number.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Right Patient

26. Which step in the administration of medications often leads to overmedication of the patient?

ANS:

The last step in the procedure for medication administration is documentation. Often fatigue and time constraints are factors that may contribute to failure to document that a medication has been given.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Right Documentation

Chapter 10 Oral Dosage of Drugs

PROBLEM

Compute the amount of medication you will give to administer one dose of the following medication orders. Assume all tablets are scored, when necessary. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

Order: furosemide 80 mg p.o. b.i.d.

Supply: Bottle containing 50 tablets of Lasix (furosemide), 80 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Tablets and Capsules

Order: tamoxifen 0.02 g p.o. b.i.d., morning and evening

Supply: Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS: 1 g = 1,000 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Depakene 375 mg p.o. b.i.d.

Supply: Depakene 250 mg/5 mL

Give: mL or teaspoons

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Amoxil 0.375 g p.o. q.8h

Supply: 80 mL bottle of reconstitutedAmoxil oral suspension, 125 mg/5 mL

Give: mL or tablespoon

ANS: 1,000 mg = 1 g

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: cefalcor 0.3 g p.o. q.8h

Supply: Celcor (cefalcor) reconstituted oral suspension, 375 mg per 5 mL

Give: mL

Order: erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg p.o. q.12h

Supply: E.E.S. 400 (erythromycin ethylsuccinate) 400 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Augmentin 0.5 g p.o. q.8h

Supply: 75 mL bottle or reconstitutedAugmentin, 250 mg/5 mL

Give: mL or teaspoons

ANS: 1 g = 1,000 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Klonopin 500 mcg p.o. t.i.d.

Supply: Bottle of 100 tablets of Klonopin, 0.5 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: pediatric dose: Biaxin 100 mg p.o. q.12h

Supply: 100 mL of reconstituted Biaxin, 125 mg per 5 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

10.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Axid 0.15 g p.o. b.i.d.

Supply: Bottle containing 60 capsules ofAxid, 150 mg per capsule

Give: capsule(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

11.

Order: Prozac 40 mg p.o. b.i.d., morning and noon

Supply: Prozac 20 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

12.

Order: hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg p.o. b.i.d.

Supply: hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg tablets

Give: tab(s)

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

13. Decide which supply you would select and enter the number of tablets you would give.

Order: codeine gr p.o. q.4h p.r.n., pain

Supply: 15 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg tablets

Give: Select mg tablets, and give tablet(s).

14.

15.

ANS: .

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Amoxil suspension 375 mg p.o. q.6h

Supply: Amoxil suspension 250 mg/5mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Keflex 0.375 g p.o. b.i.d.

Supply: Reconstituted Keflex oral suspension, 250 mg/5mL

Give: teaspoons

ANS:

16.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

Order: Allopurinol 0.2 g p.o. daily

Supply: Bottle containing 200 tablets Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 100 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS:

1 g = 1,000 mg

X = 200

X = 2 tablets

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

17.

Order: Mycostatin 400,000 units p.o. swish and swallow q.6h t.i.d.

Supply: Bottle containing 473 mLMycostatin oral suspension, 100,000 units per mL

Give: mL

ANS:

18.

X = 4 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oral Liquids

Order: Keflex 0.5 g p.o. b.i.d for 7 days

Supply: Bottle containing Keflex 500 mg per capsule, 14 capsules

Give: capsule(s)

ANS: 1 g = 1,000 mg

X = 500 mg

X = 1 capsule

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Three-StepApproach to Dosage Calculations

19.

Order: Tylenol 325 mg p.o. q.6h p.r.n.for temperature of 101°F or above

Supply: Bottle containing 50 tablets of Tylenol 325 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

20.

21.

ANS: X = 1 tablet

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Tablets and Capsules

Order: Synthroid 12.5 mcg p.o. daily

Supply: Bottle containing 100 scored tablets of Synthroid, 25 mcg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS: X = 0.5 tablet

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Tablets and Comprehension

22.

Order: Potassium Chloride 30 mEq p.o. b.i.d

Supply: Package containing 15 mLof Potassium Chloride Oral Solution 10%, 20 mEq per 15 mL.

Give: mL

ANS:

X = 20 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oral Liquids

Order: Demerol syrup 100 mg p.o. q.6h p.r.n. pain

Label: Demerol syrup 50 mg per 5 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

X = 10 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oral Liquids

23.

Order: Lasix 80 mg p.o. daily

Supply: Lasix 40 mg tablets

Give: tablet(s)

ANS: X = 2

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Tablets and Capsules

24. Is there enough medication in a 15 mLpackage of Potassium Chloride Oral Solution 10%, 20 mEq per 15 mL, to fulfill an order of 20 mL? Explain.

ANS: No, there is not enough medication in one package. The nurse would need to use some medication from another package too.

Chapter 11 Parenteral Dosage of Drugs

PROBLEM

Compute the amount of medication that will be given to administer one dose of the following medication orders. Round all parenteral administration orders that are over 1 mL to one decimal place. Round all parenteral administration orders under 1 mLto two decimal places. Do not include zeros at the end of decimal numbers. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

Order: penicillin G procaine 1,200,000 units IM q.o.d.

Supply: penicillin G procaine 600,000 units per mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Injectable Solutions

Order: Prostigmin 250 mcg subcut C q.6h

Supply: Prostigmin 0.25 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Injectable Solutions

Order: Demerol 75 mg IM q.4h p.r.n., pain

Supply: Demerol 50 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Order: diazepam 5 mg IM q.4h p.r.n., anxiety

Supply: Valium (diazepam) 10 mg per 2 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

Injectable Solutions

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Injectable Solutions

Order: diphenhydramine 15 mg IM stat

Supply: Benadryl (diphenhydramine) 10 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Order: Valium 3 mg IM q.6h p.r.n., pain

Supply: Valium 10 mg/2 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Order: penicillin G potassium 400,000 units IM q.i.d.

Supply: penicillin G potassium 500,000 units per 2 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

Injectable Solutions

REF: Injectable Solutions

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Injectable Solutions

Order: heparin 3,000 units subcut b.i.d.

Supply: heparin 20,000 units/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Heparin

Order: Librium 30 mg IM q.6h p.r.n., anxiety

Supply: Librium 100 mg/2 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Injectable Solutions

10.

Order: Cleocin 0.3 g IM q.i.d.

Supply: Cleocin 300 mg per 2 mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Injectable Solutions

11.

Order: morphine sulfate 6 mg IM q.4h p.r.n., pain

Supply: morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL

Give: mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

12.

Order: Terramycin 0.1 g IM q.d.

Supply: Terramycin 100 mg/mL Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Injectable Solutions

13.

Order: meperidine hydrochloride 25 mg IM q.4h p.r.n., pain

Supply: Demerol (meperidine HCl) 50 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

14.

Order: Tigan 0.1 g IM q.6h p.r.n., nausea

Supply: Tigan 100 mg/2 mL Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

15.

Order: Vistaril 50 mg IM stat

REF: Injectable Solutions

16.

Supply: Multidose vial labeled Vistaril 50 mg per mL

Give: mL

17.

18.

19.

ANS: X = 1 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Demerol 75 mg IM q.6h p.r.n, pain

Supply: Meperidine HCl Injection 100 mg per mL

Give: mL

REF: Injectable Solutions

ANS: X = 0.75 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Heparin 5,000 units subcut b.i.d

REF: Injectable Solutions

Supply: Multidose vial of 4 mL of heparin sodium injection 10,000 units/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X = 0.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Dexamethasone 2 mg IM q.12h

Supply: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate 4 mg/ml

Give: mL

REF: Heparin

ANS: X = 0.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Morphine 30 mg IM q.6h p.r.n., pain

REF: Injectable Solutions

20.

Supply: Morphine 15 mg per mL

Give: mL

ANS:

X = 2 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Dilantin 500 mg IM stat

Supply: Dilantin 250 mg/5 mL

Give: mL

REF: Injectable Solutions

21.

22.

ANS: X = 10 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Depo-Provera 400 mg IM every 3 months

Supply: Depo-Provera injection 400 mg per mL

Give: mL

REF: Injectable Solutions

ANS: X = 1 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Ordered: Vistaril 25 mg IM q. 4h p.r.n, nausea

Supply: Vistaril 50 mg/mL, multidose vial of 10 mL

Give: mL

REF: Injectable Solutions

ANS: X = 0.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Injectable Solutions

23. How many doses of Heparin 5,000 units are available in a multidose vial of 4 mLheparin sodium injection 10,000 units/mL?

ANS: 8 doses

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Heparin

24. How many doses of Vistaril 25 mg IM are available in a 10 mLmultidose vial of Vistaril 50 mg/mL?

ANS: 20 doses are available

PTS: 1

DIF: Application REF: Injectable Solutions

Chapter 12 Reconstitution of Solutions

PROBLEM

Compute the amount of medication that will be given to administer one dose of the following medication orders by using a proportion to obtain your answers.

Round all parenteral administration orders that are over 1 mL to one decimal place. Round all parenteral administration orders under 1 mL to two decimal places. Do not include zeros at the end of decimal numbers.

The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

1. The physician orders 150,000 units of penicillin IM x one dose. You have a 10 mL vial of powder labeled penicillin 500,000 units. Instructions indicate to add 4.8 mLsterile saline or sterile water to give 100,000 units per mL. How many mL will be administered?

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Methotrexate 15 mg IM daily

Supply: Methotrexate 1 gram vial

Directions: Reconstitute with 2 mLof normal saline to yield 2.5 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Protamine sulfate 25 mg IV x one dose

Supply: Protamine sulfate 50 mg, reconstitute with 5 mLto obtain 10 mg/mL

Give: mL.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Rifampin 600 mg daily IV

Supply: Rifampin 600 mg, dilute with 10 mL of sterile water to yield 60 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Mandol 500 mg IM

Supply: Mandol 1 gram, reconstitute with 3 mLsterile water to yield 285 mg/mL Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Cefazolin 1,000 mg IV x one dose

Supply: Cefazolin 1gram, reconstitute with 3.7 mLto yield 250 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Claforan 2,000 mg IV every 8 hours

Supply: Claforan 2 gram, dilute with 10 mLto yield 180 mg/m Give: mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

8. Order:

Piperacillin 2 g IV hour prior to surgery

Supply: Piperacillin 4 g vial

Directions: Reconstitute with 2 mLof normal saline to yield 2 g per mL.

Give: mL

10.

11.

ANS: X = 1 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Solu-Medrol 75 mg IM b.i.d.

Supply: Multi-dose vial of Solu-Medrol 500 mg.

Directions: Reconstitute with 8 mLof bacteriostatic water to yield 125 mg/2 mL

Give: mL

ANS: 125X = 150

X = 1.2 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Ceftazadine 1.5 g IV q.12 h for 5 days

Supply: Ceftazadine 2 g vial

Directions: Reconstitute with 2 mLNS to yield 1g/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X = 1.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Ancef 250 mg IV q.8h

Supply: Ancef 1 g

Directions: Reconstitute with 5 mLNS to yield 125 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS:

12.

125X = 625

X = 5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Librium 50 mg IM 3 hours prior to surgery

Supply: Ampule Librium 100 mg

Directions: Reconstitute with 1 mLNS to yield 100 mg/2mL Give: mL

13. a.

ANS: X = 1 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Single-Strength Solution

Order: Oxacillin 500 mg IV q. 6h

Supply: Oxacillin 2 g, multi-dose vial

Directions: Reconstitute with 10 mL diluent to yield 250 mg/mL, total volume 120 mL

Give: mL

b. How many total doses are available for patient use?

c. There will be sufficient Oxacillin for how many days?

ANS: a.

250X = 2,500

X = 10 mL

b. 12 doses

c. 3 days

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Single-Strength Solution

Chapter 13 Pediatric andAdult Dosages Based on Body Weight

PROBLEM

Compute the amount of medication that will be given to administer one dose of the following medication orders using the ratio-proportion method to obtain your answers.

Assume all tablets are scored, when necessary. Round all parenteral administration orders that are over 1 mL to one decimal place. Round all parenteral administration orders under 1 mL to two decimal places. Do not include zeros at the end of decimal numbers.

The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

Order: Axid 0.3 g p.o. at h.s.

Supply: Axid 150 mg capsules

Give: capsules

ANS:

Equivalent 1g = 1,000 mg

X = 1,000 0.3

X = 300 mg

X capsules =

150X = 300

X = 2 capsules

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Dilantin 25 mg p.o. t.i.d.

Supply: Dilantin chewable 50 mg tablets

Give: tablet(s)

ANS: X tablets = 50X = 25 X = tablet

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Amoxil 125 mg p.o. q.8h

Supply: Bottle ofAmoxil (powdered medication) with the instructions to add 12 mLof water to obtain a pediatric oral suspension of 50 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 50X = 125

X = 2.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Amoxil 0.25 g p.o. q.8h

Supply: 80 mLbottle of reconstitutedAmoxil oral suspension, 125 mg/5 mL

Give: mL or teaspoons

ANS: Equivalent 1 g = 1,000 mg X = 1,000 0.25 X = 250 mg X mL=

125X = 5 250

125X = 1,250

X = 10 mL

10 mL = 10 5 = 2 teaspoons

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Augmentin 375 mg p.o. q.8h

Supply: 75 mL bottle of reconstitutedAugmentin, 250 mg/5 mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

250X = 375 5

250X = 1,875

X = 7.5 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Biaxin 500 mg p.o. q.12h

Supply: Biaxin oral suspension, reconstituted to 250 mg per 5 mL

Give: mL or teaspoons

ANS: X mL=

250X = 5 500

250X = 2,500

X = 10 mL

10 mL = 10 5 = 2

2 teaspoons

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Ceclor 300 mg p.o. q.8h

Supply: Ceclor reconstituted oral suspension, 375 mg/5 mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

375X = 300 5

375X = 1,500 X = 4 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: Klonopin 500 mcg p.o. t.i.d.

Supply: Bottle of 100 tablets of Klonopin, 0.5 mg per tablet

Give: tablet(s)

ANS: Equivalent = 1 mg = 1,000 mcg

1,000X = 500

X = 0.5 mg 0.5X = 0.5

X = 1 tablet

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Order: vitamin B12 100,000 units IM q.d. for 3 days

Supply: 2 mLvial of vitamin B12 with 50,000 units/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

50,000X = 100,000

X = 2 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

10.

Order: thiamine HCl 20 mg IM t.i.d.

Supply: 10 mLmultiple dose vial of vitamin B1 (thiamine HCl) 100 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

100X = 20 X = 0.2 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

11.

Order: ascorbic acid 150 mg IM q.d.

Supply: 2 mL ampule of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 250 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 250X = 150

X = 0.6 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

12.

Order: heparin 7,500 units SC q.8h

Supply: heparin 10,000 units/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 10,000X = 7,500

X = 0.75 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

13.

Order: prednisolone acetate 35 mg IM q.d.

Supply: 10 mLmultiple dose vial of prednisolone acetate with a supply dosage of 50 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

50X = 35

X = 0.7 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

14.

Order: methylprednisolone acetate 100 mg IM once per week

Supply: methylprednisolone acetate suspension, 80 mg/mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL=

80X = 100

X = 1.25 = 1.3 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using Ratio-Proportion To Calculate Dosages

Compute the amount of medication that will be given to administer one dose of the following medication orders using the Dimensional Analysis method to obtain your answers.

15.

The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

Order: Ceclor 0.375 g po. q.8h

Supply: Ceclor oral suspension 125 mg/5mL

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 15 mLCeclor

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

16.

Order: Vistaril 0.1 g p.o. t.i.d

Supply: Vistaril oral suspension 25mg/5mL

Give: mL

ANS:

17.

18.

X mL= 20 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

Order: Haldol 3 mg IM q. 8h

Supply: Haldol 5 mg/mLinjectable; 20 mLmultidose vial

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 0.6 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

Order: Pepcid 20 mg p.o. q.hs

Supply: Famotidine 10 mg chewable tablets

Give: tablets

ANS: X chewable tablets = 2 tablets

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

19.

Order: Synthroid 50 mcg p.o. daily

Supply: levothyroxine 0.025 mg tablets

Give: tablets

ANS: X tablets = = 2 tablets

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

20.

Order: Augmentin 875 mg p.o. q.12

Supply: Augmentin oral suspension 400 mg/5mL, 20 mLbottle

Give: mL

ANS: X mL= 8.75 or 8.8 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

21.

Order: acyclovir 0.8 g p.o. q.4h

Supply: acyclovir 400 mg tablets

Give: tablets

ANS: X tablets = = 2 tablets

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Using DimensionalAnalysis To Calculate Dosages

Chapter

PROBLEM

Compute the requested information. Round all parenteral administration orders that are over 1 mL to one decimal place. Round all parenteral administration orders under 1 mL to two decimal places. Do not include zeros at the end of decimal numbers.

The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

Use the following information about a child and his order to compute answers.

Apediatrician has ordered ampicillin 50 mg/kg/day p.o. divided q.6h for a child who weighs 44 lb.

1. How many kilograms does the child weigh? kg

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting Pounds to Kilograms

2. How many milligrams should the child receive per day? mg

ANS: per day, 20 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Total Daily Dosage Range per Kilogram

3. How many milligrams should the child receive per dose? mg

ANS: q.6h every 6 hours, which is given 4 times per day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

4. The pharmacy has supplied reconstituted ampicillin, with a supply dosage of 500 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should be given per q.6h dose? mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

5. How many teaspoons should the child’s parent administer per dose? t

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

Use the following information about a child and her order to compute answers.

Mandy, a child who weighs 15 kilograms, is to be given amoxicillin. The recommended dosage of amoxicillin for children is 20 to 40 mg/kg/day p.o. in equally divided doses administered q.8h.

6. What is the recommended range of milligrams of medication for this child per day?

minimum: mg maximum: mg

ANS: per day,minimum per day, maximum

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Drugs with Maximum DailyAllowance

7. What is the recommended range of milligrams of medication for this child per q.8h dose? minimum: mg maximum: mg

ANS: q.8h every 8 hours, which is given 3 times per day. per day minimum per day maximum

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

8. The pediatrician has ordered amoxicillin 125 mg p.o. q.8h for Mandy. The available supply of amoxicillin is 125 mg/5 mL.

Is her order within the recommended range for this medication? (yes/no)

If so, how many mL of amoxicillin should be given per q.8h mL administration?

ANS:

Yes, 125 mg per dose is within 100 mg to 200 mg per dose.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

9. How many teaspoonfuls of amoxicillin should be given per q.8h administration? t

ANS: 5 mL 1 t

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

Use the following information about a child and his order to compute answers.

The recommended dosage of Rocephin is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day divided into two equal doses. The physician has ordered Rocephin 200 mg IM b.i.d. for a child who weighs 5000 g. The Rocephin vial contains 1 g of medication that must be reconstituted with 3.6 mLof diluent to yield 1 g/4 mL.

10. Compute the recommended minimum and maximum amount of milligrams that the child should receive per day. minimum: mg maximum: mg

ANS: per day,minimum per day, maximum

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

11. Compute the recommended minimum and maximum amount of milligrams that the child should receive per dose. minimum: mg maximum: mg

ANS: per dose, minimum per dose, maximum

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

12. Is the order within the recommended range? (yes/no) If so, compute the number of milliliters of Rocephin that should be administered per dose. mL.

ANS:

Yes, the ordered amount of 200 mg per dose, b.i.d. is within the recommended range of 125 mg to 250 mg per dose, given twice per day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

Apediatrician ordered Demerol 1 mg/kg/day p.o., divided q.4h p.r.n. for a child who weighs 33 lb.

13. How many kilograms does this child weigh?

ANS: X = 15 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Converting Pounds to Kilograms

14. How many milligrams of Demerol should this child receive per day?

ANS: per day, 15 kg 1 mg/kg = 15 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

15. How many milligrams of Demerol should the child receive per dose?

ANS: per dose, q. 4h p.r.n. = every 4 hours, which is given 6 times per day.

2.5 mg per dose

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Single-Dosage Drugs

Apediatrician orderedAugmentin 30 mg/kg/day divided into q. 8h doses for a child who weighs 66 lbs.

16. How many kilograms does the child weigh?

ANS: X = 30 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Converting Pounds to Kilograms

17. How many milligrams should the child receive per day?

ANS: per day, 30 kg 30 mg/kg = 900 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

18. How many milligrams should the child receive per dose?

ANS: q. 8h = every 8 hours, which is given 3 times per day

300 mg per dose

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs

19. Using the following information about a child and her medication order to complete answers.

A6-year-old child weighing 25 kg has a staph infection and the provider has ordered penicillin. The recommended dose of penicillin for children is 25 to 50 mg/kg/day p.o. in equally divided doses administered q.6h.

What is the recommended range of milligrams of medication for this child per day? Minimum mg Maximum mg

ANS: per day,minimum

25 kg 25 mg/kg = 625 mg per day, maximum

25 kg 50 mg/kg = 1,250 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

The following order was written for a child weighing 66 lb.

Order: Morphine 0.2 mg/kg p.o. q. 6h p.r.n, pain.

20. How many kilograms does this child weigh?

ANS: X = 30 kg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Converting Pounds to Kilograms

21. How many milligrams should the child receive per day?

ANS:

0.2 mg/kg 30 kg = 6 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Drugs with Maximum DailyAllowance

22. How many milligrams should the child receive per dose?

ANS: per dose, q. 6h p.r.n. = every six hours, which is given 4 times per day.

1.5 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Single-Dosage Drugs

23. The recommended dose of this medication for this child is 0.2 mg-5 mg/kg per q. 4-6 h. Is the dose mentioned above in the recommended range and therefore safe to administer?

ANS:

Yes, the ordered amount of 1.5 mg per dose q.6h is within the recommended range and is therefore safe to administer.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

The pediatrician orders Dicloxacillin 62.5 mg p.o. q. 6h for a child with a staph infection. The child weighs 77 lb. The drug reference recommends a dose of 12.5-50 mg/kg in divided doses of q. 6h for a child 40 kg, with a maximum of 4 g per day.

24. How many kilograms does this child weigh?

ANS:

X = 35 lbs

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Converting Pounds to Kilograms

25. Calculate the minimum recommended dosage.

ANS:

minimum = 12.5 mg/kg/day 35 kg = 437.5 mg/day

minimum mg/dose = 437.5 4 doses = 109.4 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

26. Calculate the maximum recommended dose.

ANS:

maximum mg/kg/day = 50 mg/kg/day 35 kg = 1,750 mg/day

maximum mg/dose = 1750 4 doses = 437.5 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs

27. Is this order within the recommended range for this child?

ANS: No, the order of 62.5 mg q.6h is not within the recommended range of 109.4 mg to 437.5 mg.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Underdosage

28. What action should be taken by the nurse if a drug order is unsafe?

ANS:

The nurse should contact the prescriber to discuss the order.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Underdosage

Chapter 15 Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations

MULTIPLECHOICE

1. Apatient’s order for IV fluid states that NS is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given?

A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride

B. 0.45% Sodium Chloride

ANS: A PTS: 1

C. 0.225% Sodium Chloride

D. 5% Dextrose

DIF: Knowledge REF: Solution Strength

2. A patient’s order for IV fluid states the D5W is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given?

A. 5% Dextrose with Normal Saline

B. 5% Dextrose with Lactated Ringer’s Solution

C. 5% Dextrose with 0.45% Sodium Chloride

D. 5% Dextrose

ANS: D PTS: 1

REF: Solution Strength

DIF: Comprehension

3. Apatient’s order for IV fluid states that D5NS is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given?

A. 5% Dextrose

B. 0.9% Sodium Chloride

C. 5% Dextrose with 0.9% Sodium Chloride

D. Lactated Ringer’s Solution

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

4. Apatient’s order for IV fluid states that D5LR is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given?

A. 5% Dextrose with Lactated Ringer’s Solution

B. 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride with 20 mEq KCl/L

C. 5% Dextrose with 0.225% Sodium Chloride

D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

5. What is the ratio of the weight of dextrose to the volume of IV fluid in D5W?

A. 5 grams of dextrose to 1 liter of IV fluid

B. 5 milligrams of dextrose to 1 milliliter of IV fluid

C. 5 milligrams of dextrose to 1 liter of IV fluid

D. 5 grams of dextrose to 100 mL of IV fluid

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

6. What is the ratio of the weight of sodium chloride to the volume of IV fluid in NS?

A. 0.9 grams of sodium chloride to 100 mLof IV fluid

B. 0.009 grams of sodium chloride to 1 milliliter of IV fluid

C. 0.9 grams of sodium chloride to 1 liter of IV fluid

D. 0.9 milligrams of sodium chloride to 100 mLof IV fluid

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

7. Apatient’s order for IV fluid states that LR is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given?

A. Lactated Ringer’s Solution

B. 5% Dextrose with Lactated Ringer’s Solution

C. 0.9% Sodium Chloride

D. 5% Dextrose

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

8. Apatient’s order for IV fluid states that D5 NS with 20 KCL is to be infused. Which of the following IV fluids should be given to the patient?

A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride

B. 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride with 20 mEq of KCL/L

C. 5% Dextrose with 0.225% Sodium Chloride with 20 mEq KCL/L

D. 5% Dextrose

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: Solution Strength

PROBLEM

Calculate the weight of solutes in the following IV solutions, and identify the solutes.

1 liter of D5W contains of . (weight) (solute)

ANS:

D5W = 5% dextrose = 5 g dextrose per 100 mLof solution

1 liter of D5W contains 50 g of dextrose.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Components of IV Solutions When Expressed as a Percent

1 liter of NS contains of . (weight) (solute)

ANS:

NS = 0.9% sodium chloride = 0.9 g sodium chloride per 100 mLof solution

1 liter of NS contains 9 g of sodium chloride.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Components of IV Solutions When Expressed as a Percent

3. 500 mL of D5 NS contains of (weight) (solute)

ANS:

D5 = Dextrose 5% = 5 g Dextrose per 100 mL

100X = 2,500

X = 25 g Dextrose

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Components of IV Solutions When Expressed as a Percent

The following IV orders will be regulated by electronic infusion devices. Calculate the flow rates of the IV fluids in mL/h. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

4. 1200 mL D10W IV to infuse in 10 hours by infusion pump Flow rate: mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

5. 2 L D5W IV to infuse in 24 hours by infusion pump Flow rate: mL/h

ANS: 2 L = 2,000 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

6. 1 LD5 NS IV to infusion 20 hours by controller Flow rate: mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

7. 30 mL D5W with antibiotic IV to infuse in 20 minutes by infusion pump Flow rate: mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

8. Calculate the IV flow rate for 50 mL NS to infuse by infusion pump over 20 minutes Flow rate: mL/h

ANS:

20X = 3,000 X = 150 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

9. Calculate the IV flow rate for 250 mLto infuse by infusion pump over two hours Flow rate: mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h

The following IV orders will be regulated manually. Calculate the flow rate of the IV fluid in gtt/min.

10. 1 L NS IV to infuse in 10 hours

The drop factor is 10 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Shortcut Method

11. 1000 mL D5W IV to infuse in 8 hours

The drop factor is 20 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Shortcut Method

12. 1 L NS IV to infuse in 10 hours

The drop factor is 10 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Shortcut Method

13. 50 mL NS with antibiotic IV to infuse in 20 minutes The drop factor is 20 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Formula Method

14. Calculate the IV flow rate for 1,000 mLD5NS Flow rate: gtt/min to infuse over 10 hours. The IV is to be manually regulated. The drop factor is 10 gtt/min.

ANS: C = R

16.6 = 17 gtt/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Formula Method

15. Calculate the IV flow rate for 500 mL D5 NS Flow rate: gtt/min to infuse over 4 hours. The IV is to be manually regulated. The drop factor is 15 gtt/min.

ANS: 125 mL/h = gtt/min

31.25 = 31 gtt/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Shortcut Method

16. Calculate the IV flow rate for 100 mL NS with an Flow rate: gtt/min antibiotic added to infuse in 30 minutes. The IV will be manually regulated. The drop factor is 20 gtt/min.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Formula Method

17. Calculate the IV flow rate for 1 LLR to infuse Flow rate: gtt/min over 8 hours. The IV is to be manually regulated. The drop factor is 10 gtt/min.

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min - Formula Method

A patient’s IV flow needs to be checked frequently so that any adjustments in rate will be small. The allowable percent of change varies according to the institution’s policy, patient’s condition, and other factors. For this problem set only, assume that the patient’s flow rate may be reset if the maximum variation from the physician’s order is not more than 25%. Compute the percent of variation before resetting IV flow rates, and indicate either the new flow rate you will set or the appropriate action you will take.

The following IV order will be regulated manually. 1,000 mL D5W IV to infuse in 8 hours The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.

18. Calculate the flow rate of the IV fluid in gtt/min. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min

19. After 6 hours, 200 mL of IV fluid remains. If necessary and if allowable, reset the IV so that it is completed on time.

What would the adjusted rate have to be? Adjusted rate, is allowable: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Adjusting IV Flow Rate

20.20.

Compute the percent of change in the flow rate. % According to guidelines given, is the new rate allowable? (yes/no)

ANS:

The flow rate would be decreased by 19.6% or about 20%.Yes, if guidelines may be followed for this patient.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Adjusting IV Flow Rate

21. 1,000 mLD5W IV to infuse at 25 gtt/min

The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.

Flow rate: mL/h

ANS: T is the unknown quantity

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis

Total infusion time: hours

REF: Calculating InfusionTime andVolume

Chapter 16 Body SurfaceArea andAdvanced Pediatric Calculations

PROBLEM

The following problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medication, and other factors.

Determine the BSAfor each of the following children using the BSAnomogram. Include two decimal places with your answers.

1. Miguel, who is a normally proportioned child, weighing 7.5 lb. BSA= m2

ANS: 0.23 m2

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: BSANomogram

2. Heidi, who is a normally proportioned child, weighing 20 kg. BSA= m2

ANS:

20 kg = 44 lb BSA= 0.80 m2

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: BSANomogram

3. Marcus, who weighs 9 kg and is 50 inches tall. BSA= m2

ANS: 0.54 m2

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: BSANomogram

4. Tonya, who is 80 cm tall and weighs 20 kg. BSA= m2

ANS: 0.70 m2

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension

REF: BSANomogram

Determine the BSAfor each of the following children using the BSAcomputation formulas given in the textbook. Include two decimal places with your answers.

5. Alicia, who weighs 15 kg and is 90 cm tall. BSA= m2

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSAFormula

6. Tommy, who is 35 inches tall and weighs 40 lb. BSA= m2

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSANomogram

7. Allison, who measures 56 inches tall and weighs 68 lb. BSA= m2

ANS:

Household BSA(m ) =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSANomogram

8. Kevin, who measures 61 inches tall and weighs 84 lb. BSA= m2

ANS:

Household BSA(m ) = m

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSANomogram

Compute the answers to the following questions, which are based on the child’s BSA, using the following information about the child and her order.

The usual adult dose of Rocephin is 0.5 g IM per dose, administered b.i.d. The child is to be given the medication based on her BSAand the usual adult dose. Her BSAis 0.51 m2 .

9. How many milligrams of Rocephin should she receive per dose? mg

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

10. The supply of Rocephin is reconstituted to 250 mg/mL.

How many milliliters of Rocephin should she receive per administration? mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

Compute the answers to the following questions, which are based on the child’s BSA, using the following information about the child and his order.

Jimmy, whose BSAis 0.45 m2 , is to receive Oncovin 2 mg/m2 IV once per week. The supply dosage available is 5 mg/mL.

11. How many milligrams of Oncovin should he receive per administration? mg

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

12. How many milliliters should be administered per dose? mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

Compute the daily rate of pediatric maintenance fluids for the following children, using the following guidelines:

100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg of body weight

50 mL/kg/day for the next 10 kg of body weight

20 mL/kg/day for each kg above 20 kg of body weight

13. Maggie, who weighs 13 kg. mL/day

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Calculation of DailyVolume for Maintenance Fluid

14. Reggie who weighs 24 kg. mL/day

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculation of DailyVolume for Maintenance Fluid

15. Jessie, who weighs 40 lb. mL/day

ANS:

Note: If 18 kg is used instead of 18.2 kg, the answer is 1400 mLper day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculation of DailyVolume for Maintenance Fluid

16. Lisa, who weighs 11 kg. mL/day

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculation of DailyVolume for Maintenance Fluid

17. What is the hourly rate for an IV of 1050 mL to be run over 24 hours?

ANS: or 44 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculation of DailyVolume for Maintenance Fluid

18. Matt, who measures 177.5 cm tall and weighs 81.8 kg. BSA= m2

ANS: Metric BSA(m ) =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSAFormula

Compute the answers to the following questions, which are based on the child’s BSA, using the following information about the child and her order.

Sally, whose BSA is 1.25 m , is to receive acyclovir 600 mg p.o. q.i.d. The drug reference guide recommends 500 mg/m q. 8h. The supply dosage available is 800mg/2mL.

19. How many milligrams of acyclovir should she receive per administration? mg

ANS:

mg/m m = 500 mg/m 1.25 m = 625 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

20. How many milliliters should be administered per dose?

ANS: X = 1.56 mL = 1.6 mL

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

21. Is this considered a safe dose? If not, what should the nurse do?

ANS:

No. The ordered dosage of 600 mg q.i.d is too low. The nurse should contact and confer with the prescriber.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

The recommended oral dosage for succimer is 350 mg/m q. 8h. This has been ordered for a child measuring 54 inches tall and weighing 73 lb.

22. What is the child’s BSAm ?

ANS: Household BSA(m ) =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

23. Calculate the safe dosage for this child.

ANS:

mg/m m = 350 mg/m 1.12 m = 392 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

24. Is this considered a safe dose? If not, what should the nurse do?

ANS:

No, this is not a safe dose. It is more than the recommended dose and the nurse should confer with the prescriber.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

Kevin, a 5-year-old with herpes simplex, is measured at 42 inches tall and weighs 43 lb. The pediatrician prescribes ritonavir 200 mg p.o. b.i.d. The drug reference recommends the dose of 250 mg/m b.i.d for a child.

25. What is Kevin’s BSA?

ANS: Household BSA(m ) =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

26. Calculate the recommended dose. mg

ANS:

mg/m m = 250 mg/m 0.76 m = 190 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

27. Is this a safe dose? If not, what should the nurse do?

ANS:

No, this is not a safe dose. The ordered dose of 200 mg is slightly high. The nurse should call the prescriber and confer about the order.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

An adult with Promyelocytic Leukemia is measured at 165 cm tall and weighs 56.8 kg. The physician ordered tretinoin 50 mg po b.i.d. The drug reference recommends 45 mg/m b.i.d.

28. Calculate the BSAfor this adult.

ANS: Metric BSA(m ) =

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

29. Calculate the dose.

ANS:

mg/m m = 45mg/m 1.6 mg = 72 mg

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

30. Is this a safe dose? If not, what should the nurse do?

ANS:

No, this is not a safe dose. The ordered dose of 50 mg is too low. The nurse should call the prescriber and confer about the medication.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: BSADosage Calculation

Chapter 17 AdvancedAdult Intravenous Calculations

PROBLEM

Complete the following advanced IV calculations. The problems and drug orders are presented for practice only, and actual prescribed dosages will vary according to a patient’s age, condition, reaction, additional medications, and other factors.

1. 1 LD5W with 10,000 units heparin to infuse at 1000 units/h

The drop factor is 20 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

2. 1,000 mL NS with 10,000 units heparin to infuse at 750 units/h

The drop factor is 12 gtt/mL. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

3. One of your patients has an IV that is flowing at a rate of 10 gtt/min. The IV bag contains a solution of 500 mL NS with 20,000 units of heparin. The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.

How many units is the patient receiving per 24 hours? units/24h

Patient is receiving 40 mL/hour.

The patient is receiving 38,400 units/24 h.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

Compute the answers to the following questions based on this information.

Order: Pepcid 20 mg added to 100 mLD5W IV in 30 min q.12h An infusion pump will be used.

Supply: Pepcid 10 mg/mL

Compute the volume of Pepcid to be added to the 100 mL D5W.

Compute the flow rate.

Pepcid: mL

ANS:

Flow rate: mL/h

200 mL/60 min 200 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

Compute the answers to the following questions based on this information.

A critical care patient who weighs 80 kg has an order for 10 mcg/kg/min of dobutamine to be administered IV and regulated by an electronic pump. The supply of dobutamine is 500 mg in 250 mL of D5W.

5. Compute the number of micrograms and the number of milligrams per minute that the patient will receive.

micrograms per minute: milligrams per minute:

ANS:

Per minute, The patient will receive 800 mcg/min or 0.8 mg/min.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

6. Compute the volume of milliliters infused per minute. mL/min

ANS:

There are 2 mg/mLor 2,000 mcg/mLof medication supply.

800 mcg of dobutamine are in 0.4 mL of IV solution. 800 mcg/min is delivered by a rate of 0.4 mL/min.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

7. Compute the flow rate in mL/h. mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

Compute the answers to the following questions based on this information.

Apatient’s IV fluids are to be limited. His continuous IV order is for 2,000 mLof NS every 24 hours. He is to receive an IV PB of 150 mg of netromycin in 100 mL NS infused in 2 hours, every 8 hours. His IV flow rate is controlled by an infusion pump.

Answer the following questions about his IV PB.

8. What is the flow rate of his IV PB? mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

9. How many milliliters per day flow for his IV PB? mL/day

ANS: 100 mL every 8 hours is 100 mLthree times per day.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

10. How many hours per day does his IV PB flow?

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

11. Answer the following questions about his continuous IV.

How many milliliters per day will he receive with his regular IV? mL/day

How many hours will his continuous IV flow per 24 hours? hours/day

What will his regular IV flow rate be, in mL/hour? mL/h

ANS:

Flow rate: 71 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Limiting InfusionVolumes

The following questions refer to your patient who is on IV heparin therapy according to the “Standard Weight Based Heparin Protocol” noted below. The patient weighs 144 pounds. On admission, the patient’s APTT is 30 seconds. You initiate IV heparin therapy at 1130 on 06/06/XX. Record your answers in the spaces below unless provided with the “Standard Weight Based Heparin Protocol Worksheet” by your instructor.

StandardWeight Based Heparin Protocol

For all patients on heparin drips:

1. Weight in kilograms. Required for order to be processed: kg

2. Heparin 25,000 units in 250 mL of 1/2 NS. Boluses to be given as 1000 units/mL.

3. APTT q.6h or 6 hours after rate change; q.d. after two consecutive therapeuticAPTTs.

4. CBC initially and repeat every day(s).

5. ObtainAPTT and PT/INR on day one prior to initiation of therapy.

6. Guaiac stool initially, then every day(s) until heparin discontinued. Notify if positive.

7. Neuro checks every hours while on heparin. Notify physician of any changes.

8. D/CAPTT and CBC once heparin drip is discontinued unless otherwise ordered.

9. Notify physician of any bleeding problems.

10. Bolus with 80 U/kg. Start drip at 18 units/kg/h.

11. IfAPTT is  35 secs: Rebolus with 80 units/kg and increase rate by 4 units/kg/h

12. If APTT is 36–44 secs: Rebolus with 40 units/kg and increase rate by 2 units/kg/h

13. IfAPTT is 45–75 secs: Continue current rate

14. IfAPTT is 76–90 secs: Decrease rate by 2 units/kg/h

15. IfAPTT is  90 secs: Hold heparin for 1 hour and decrease rate by 3 units/kg/h

12. What is the patient’s weight as measured in kilograms? (Round to the nearest 10 kg.) kg

What does the protocol/sample order indicate for the standard bolus dosage of heparin for this patient? units/kg

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

13. Calculate the dosage of heparin that should be administered for the bolus for this patient. units

What does the protocol indicate as the required solution concentration (supply dosage) of heparin to use for the bolus? units/mL

Calculate the dose volume of heparin that should be administered for the bolus for this patient. mL

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

14. What does the protocol/sample order indicate for the initial infusion rate for this patient? units/kg/h

Calculate the dosage of heparin this patient should receive each hour. units/h

What does the protocol/sample orders indicate as the required solution concentration (supply dosage) of heparin to use for the initial infusion? units/mL

Calculate the heparin solution volume this patient should receive each hour to provide correct infusion for the patient’s weight.

mL/h

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

15. According to the protocol/sample order, how often should the patient’sAPPT be checked?

q. h

At 1730, the patient’sAPPT is 38 seconds. Rebolus with heparin units ( mL).

How much should you change the infusion rate?

increase or decrease heparin units/h and ml/h.

The new infusion rate will be heparin mL/h.

ANS: 6 h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

16. At 2345, the patient’sAPPT is 46 seconds. What should you do now?

ANS: Maintain rate at 14 mL/h.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Heparin Protocol

17. At 0600 0n 06/07/XX, the patient’sAPPT is 50 seconds. What should you do now?

When should theAPPT be checked again? (hours) on (date)

ANS:

Maintain rate at 14 mL/h

RecheckAPPT at 0600 on 06/08/XX

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Heparin Protocol

18. Order: 500 mL D5W with heparin 5000 units IV to infuse at 1000 units/h. The drop factor is 10 gtt/mL.

Calculate the flow rate. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS: 5,000X = 500,000 X = 100 mL/h

16.6 = 17 gtt/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

19. Order: 1,000 mLD5W with heparin 20,000 units IV is to infuse at a rate of 750 units/h. The drop factor is 12 gtt/mL

Calculate the flow rate. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS: 20,000X = 750,000

X = 37.5 mL

7.5 = 8 gtt/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application

REF: Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols

20. Order: Lidocaine 2 g IV in 1,000 mLD5W to infuse at a rate of 3 mg/min by infusion pump. Calculate the flow rate. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

Dose on hand = 2g = 2,000 mg

X = 1.5 mL/min

X = 90 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

21. Order: Nitroglycerin 100 mg IV in 500 mLD5W to infuse at a rate of 30 mcg/min.

Calculate the flow rate. Flow rate: gtt/min

ANS:

1 mg = 1,000 mcg

X = 100,000 mcg

100,000 X=15,000

X = 0.15 mL/min

X = 9 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Titrating IV Drugs

An ICU patient weighing 70 kg has an order for dobutamine 5 mcg/kg/min to be administered IV and regulated by infusion pump. The supply of dobutamine is 500 mg in 500 mLD5W.

22. Compute the number of micrograms and the number of milligrams that the patient will receive.

mcg/min

mg/min

X = 350 mcg/min or 0.35 mg/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Titrating IV Drugs

23. Based on an order for 350 mcg/min or 0.35 mg/min, compute the volume of mLinfused per minute.

ANS: 500X = 500

X = 1 mg/mL or 1,000 mcg/mL of medication supply

1,000X = 350

X = 0.35 mL

350 mcg of dobutamine are in 0.35 mL of IV solution and 350 mcg/min are delivered by a rate of 0.35 mL/min

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: IV Medication Ordered per Minute

24. Compute the flow rate in ml/h. Flow rate mL/h

ANS: X = 21 mL

Flow rate = 21 mL/h

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Titrating IV Drugs

This Page is Intentionally Left Blank

Test Bank for Dosage Calculations, 9th Edition by Gloria D. Pickar & Amy Pickar Abernethy

TEST BANK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dosage Calculations 9th Edition Pickar Test Bank

Chapter 2

PROBLEM

Chapter 3 Systems of Measurement

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 4 Conversions: Metric and Household Systems

PROBLEM

Chapter 5 Conversions for Other ClinicalApplications: Time and Temperature

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 6 Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement

COMPLETION

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 7 Interpreting Drug Orders

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 8 Understanding Drug Labels

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 9 Preventing Medication Errors

SHORTANSWER

Chapter 10 Oral Dosage of Drugs

PROBLEM

Chapter 11 Parenteral Dosage of Drugs

PROBLEM

Chapter 12 Reconstitution of Solutions

PROBLEM

Chapter 13 Pediatric andAdult Dosages Based on Body Weight

PROBLEM

Chapter

PROBLEM

Chapter 15 Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations

MULTIPLECHOICE

Chapter 16 Body SurfaceArea andAdvanced Pediatric Calculations

PROBLEM

Chapter 17 AdvancedAdult Intravenous Calculations

PROBLEM