Next Generation Science Level K - Textbook A

Science for the Next Generation

Science K i n d erg a rt en Textbook

A

The 5E Model – Guided Inquiry The LNext generation Science series is based on the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) 5E teaching and learning instructional model.

The 5E model is centered on the idea that students understand science concepts best by using prior knowledge to pose questions and find answers through guided inquiry.

This hands-on approach, integrated with engineering and design skills, has students learn science by doing science. Teachers guide the learning process and are able to assess student performance by evaluating student explanations and the application of newly acquired knowledge and skills.

Engage

The Engage phase of the 5E model provides students with the opportunity to demonstrate their prior knowledge and understanding of the topic or concept. Students are presented with an activity or question which serves to motivate and engage students as they begin the lesson. Teachers identify and correct any misconceptions and gather data from students which will guide informed teaching and learning.

Essential to stimulating and engaging students is the use of mixed media such as colorful photos, illustrations and diagrams found throughout the textbooks and activity books. Next Generation Science also includes extensive digital resources such as narrated videos, interactive lessons, virtual labs, slideshows and more.

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Explore

This phase encourages exploration of concepts and skills through handson activities and investigations. Students are encouraged to work together and apply various process skills while gaining concrete, shared learning experiences. These experiences provide a foundation for which students can refer to while building their knowledge of new concepts. This studentcentered phase comes before formal explanations and definitions of the concept are presented by the teacher.

Explain

This phase follows the exploration phase and is more teacher-directed.

Students are initially encouraged to draw on their learning experiences and demonstrate their understanding of the concept through explanations and discussion. After the students have had the opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of the concept, the teacher then introduces formal definitions and scientific explanations. The teacher also clarifies any misconceptions that may have emerged during the Explore phase.

Elaborate

In the Elaborate phase, students refine and consolidate their acquired knowledge and skills. Opportunities are provided for students to further apply their knowledge and skills to new situations in order to broaden and deepen their understanding of the concept. Students may conduct additional investigations, share information and ideas, or apply their knowledge and skills to other disciplines.

Evaluate

This final phase includes both formal and informal assessments. These can include concept maps, physical models, journals as well as more traditional forms of summative assessment such as quizzes or writing assessments.

Students are encouraged to review and reflect on their own learning, and on their newly acquired knowledge, understanding and skills.

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Next Generation Science Next Generation Science is based on the United States Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The series consists of full-color textbooks and full-color activity books for Grades K to 6.

Next Generation Science engages students with a highly visual presentation of the disciplinary core ideas in the textbooks and places an emphasis on applying scientific knowledge using NGSS practices through numerous scientific investigations. Next Generation Science sees engineering as an essential element of science education and as such is tightly integrated into both the textbooks and activity books.

The Next Generation Science textbooks include the following features:

Think Deeply Topic-related questions for group discussion aimed at deepening students’ understanding of the topic.

Engineer It! Goes beyond inquiry by encouraging students to design, model and build to engineer solutions to defined problems.

In the Field Inspirational sciencerelated professions to stir interest in sciencerelated careers.

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A Closer Look Invokes enthusiasm in science by presenting interesting topics beyond the syllabus.

Amazing Fact!

Interesting facts to build interest and enthusiasm.

Did You Know?

Extra information to build students’ knowledge base of the current topic.

Try This!

Optional hands-on activities to be conducted in groups or at home.

AB Activity Links students to the Science Activity Book at the appropriate juncture.

Discussion Topic-related questions and situations for class discussion to build a deeper understanding of topics.

Review Topical questions at the end of each chapter for formative assessment.

Science Words Lists the essential science vocabulary covered in each chapter.

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Contents Unit 1 – Living Things Around Us 2 What Are Living Things?

Needs of Living Things Characteristics of Living Things Review

4 6 22 30

Unit 2 – Your Body and Senses 34 Your Body Your Head and Face The Five Senses Staying Healthy Review

36 38 39 50 64

Unit 3 – All About Plants 68 Plants Around Us Parts of a Plant Needs of Plants How Plants Grow How We Use Plants Review vi

70 72 74 76 78 82

Unit 4 – All About Animals 84 Animals Around Us Needs of Animals How Animals Move Animals Have Young Animals and People Review

86 88 90 92 94 97

Unit 5 – Environments 98 Where Plants and Animals Live Rainforests Grasslands Deserts The Ocean Tundras Review

100 102 108 112 116 118 122

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Science Skills

Scientists use special skills to learn about the world around them.

Let’s look at how you can use these skills so you can be a scientist too.

Observe You observe when you gather information about something using your senses. You can observe how something looks, feels, sounds, smells or tastes.

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What senses are the children using to observe?

You can use different tools to observe things closely.

You can use a hand lens, binoculars or a telescope.

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Compare You compare things when you observe and tell how things are similar or different.

How are the hen and chick similar? How are they different?

x

Classify When you compare two or more things, you can classify them into groups based on ways they are similar.

How have the leaves been classified into groups?

Leaves in the Garden

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Measure You measure when you find the size or amount of something.

You can use tools to help you measure things. You can use a ruler to compare and measure length.

You can use a balance to compare and measure mass.

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Make a Model You can make a model to test or see how something works.

You can make a model by drawing a picture.

You can also make a model by using the things around you to make a smaller version of something to show how it works.

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Infer You infer when you make a guess about something based on what you know or what you observe.

What can you infer about the cause of the holes in the leaf?

What can you infer from observing the tracks in the sand?

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Communicate You communicate when you tell or show other people what you find out.

You can communicate by making charts, drawing pictures or writing about what you find out.

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Science Investigations Ask Questions

Before a science investigation, ask questions about what you would like to find out.

Make a Prediction A prediction is a guess about what you will observe before you make the observation.

What are some things you would like to find out about in science?

Will a plant grow better in sunshine or darkness?

What do plants need to live and grow?

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A plant will grow better in sunlight.

Plan and Carry Out an Investigation Make a plan with steps that others can follow.

List all the materials you will need.

Procedure

Materials

1. Measure the heights of the plants.

2. Put one plant near a window. Put the other plant in a dark cupboard.

3. Water and observe the plants every day for one week.

two plants

ruler spray bottle with water

Observe and Record Data Record the things you observe. You can write or draw the things you observe. You can use charts and tables.

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Analyze and Interpret Data You analyze when you look closely at recorded data.

You interpret when you understand and explain what the data means.

Make a Conclusion and Communicate Make a conclusion.

Communicate your conclusion to others.

xviii

Science Safety

Follow these safety rules when carrying out investigations.

Wear safety gear.

Follow your teacher’s instructions.

Keep your workspace clean.

Be careful with sharp objects.

Wash your hands after every activity.

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1

Living Things Around Us What are living things?

How can we tell if something is a living thing?

In this chapter you will ...

• identify living things and non-living things.

• list the needs of living things.

• list the characteristics of living things.

What do plants, animals and people need to survive?

2

Go Online!

Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com

3

What Are Living Things?

Think Deeply How can you tell if something is a living thing?

4

Living things are things that are alive.

People are living things.

Plants and animals are living things too.

What are some living things you see around you?

AB

Try This!

Walk around your schoolyard with your friends. Draw three living things you see.

Activity 1.1

5

Think Deeply How are the needs of animals different from the needs of plants? How are they the same?

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Needs of Living Things

Living things need the same things to survive.

What things do people, animals and plants need?

How do living things get the things they need?

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Needs of Animals Amazing Fact!

Elephants can eat for up to 20 hours in one day!

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Animals need food.

Some animals get their food by eating plants.

Some animals get their food by eating other animals.

Other animals get the food they need by eating both plants and animals.

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Animals need water.

Where do animals get the water they need?

Animals in nature can get the water they need from ponds, lakes and rivers.

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Some animals get the food and water they need from people.

What things do people do to care for their pets?

Amazing Fact!

The kangaroo rat can go its whole life without drinking water!

It gets water from the seeds it eats.

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Animals need air.

Most animals on land breathe in air through their noses and mouths.

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Fish have special parts called gills. Gills help fish to get the air they need from water.

AB Activities 1.2 – 1.3

Think Deeply Dolphins and whales live in the ocean, but they do not have gills. How do they get the air they need to survive?

Go Online!

Watch how different animals get the things they need on the NGScience website.

QuickCode: P7T7

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Needs of Plants Plants need sunlight.

Plants do not eat food like people and animals. They use the energy in sunlight to make their own food.

What happens if a plant does not get enough sunlight?

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Plants need air.

They use the air to help them make food using sunlight.

Amazing Fact!

Plants make food through the process of photosynthesis.

The word photo means ‘light’ and the word synthesis means ‘putting together’.

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Plants need water.

Water helps a plant to make food using air and sunlight.

Plants take in water from the ground through their roots.

AB

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Activity 1.4

Plants in crops and gardens get most of the water they need from people.

What happens if a plant does not get enough water?

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Try This!

Get together with your friends and make a list of the different types of plants or plant parts people eat.

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Needs of People People, like animals, need food, water and air.

We eat plants and animals for food.

We drink water.

We breathe in the air around us.

How do you get the food, water and air you need?

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A Place to Live All living things – people, plants and animals, need a place to live.

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The place where a living thing lives must provide it with shelter and all the things it needs to survive.

AB

Engineer It! Sophie and Chelsea have a pet snail.

Help them design and build a home for their snail.

Activity 1.5

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Characteristics of Living Things

We can group the things around us as living things and non-living things.

You have learned that living things need air, food and water to survive.

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Non-living things are things that are not alive. Non-living things do not need air, food or water.

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Living Things Move Try This!

Act out how different animals move. Have your friends guess the animal.

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Living things move.

People and animals are able to move from place to place.

Plants cannot move from place to place, but some plants can move their parts.

What are some other ways plants around us move?

AB

Activity 1.6

Amazing Fact!

The Venus flytrap can close its leaves to catch insects. It feeds on the insects for food!

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Living Things Grow and Reproduce Think Deeply How do animals care for their young when they are born or hatch?

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Living things can make new living things. They reproduce.

The new living things grow and change to look like their parents.

An oak tree produces seeds from which new plants grow.

The oak seedling will grow into an oak tree.

AB

Activity 1.7

How does the oak seedling change as it grows?

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What Are Non-living Things?

Try This!

Make a poster to show the differences between living and non-living things.

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Toys, books, tables and chairs are non-living things.

Non-living things cannot move by themselves.

Non-living things do not have young.

Non-living things do not grow.

Look around your classroom. What non-living things can you see? How can you tell they are non-living things?

AB Activities 1.8 – 1.9

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Science Words

living thing non-living thing food water air

sunlight shelter move reproduce grow

Review

1. List three things living things need.

2. How do animals get food? (a) They make their own. (b) They use sunlight. (c) They eat other living things.

3. List two animals that eat plants for food.

4. List two animals that eat other animals for food.

5. How do plants get food? (a) They make their own food. (b) They eat other plants. (c) They drink water.

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6. True or false. (a) Living things move and grow. (b) Non-living things move and grow.

7. Which are living things? (a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

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In the Field

Have you ever visited a zoo?

What animals did you see?

If you love animals of all shapes and sizes, you’ll love being a zookeeper.

Zookeepers have very important jobs.

They care for all of the animals.

They make sure the animals get all the things they need to stay healthy.

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Zookeepers know lots of fun facts about the animals they care for. The next time you visit a zoo, be ready to ask the zookeepers lots of questions!

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2

Your Body and Senses

What are the parts of your body? How do you use your body parts?

In this chapter you will ...

• list the parts of your body and head.

• list the five senses and describe how they help you to learn about the world around you.

• describe some things you can do to stay healthy.

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Go Online!

Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com

How do your senses help you learn about the world around you?

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Your Body

You body has different parts.

You use different parts of your body to do different things.

Your legs and feet help you to walk, run and jump.

You use your arms and hands to pick things up or throw a ball.

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Parts of Your Body head shoulder

arm

elbow hand knee AB

foot

Activity 2.1

leg

How do you use the different parts of your body?

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Your Head and Face

Different parts of your head and face help you to sense the world around you.

Your eyes help you to see.

Your ears help you to hear.

How do you use your nose and mouth?

AB

Activity 2.2

Parts of Your Head hair forehead ear nose mouth

eye cheek chin

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Which parts of your head and body do you use to sense the world around you?

The Five Senses

You have five senses.

Your senses help you to observe the things around you.

The five senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

AB

Activity 2.3

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Try This!

Take an object and place it on your table.

With a partner, take turns in using a word to describe how the object looks.

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Sight

Your eyes are your sense organs for sight.

You use your sense of sight to observe how things look.

You use your sense of sight every day. You use your sense of sight when you read and write, play sport, and watch television.

What are some other ways you use your sense of sight?

AB

Activity 2.4 Try This!

Hold a pencil sideways in each hand. Close one eye and try to touch the pencils together.

Try again with both eyes open. What do you notice?

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Try This!

Go into your schoolyard and close your eyes. Talk about the things you can hear.

Go Online!

Listen and identify different sounds on the NGScience website.

QuickCode: L4H6

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Hearing Your ears are your sense organs for hearing.

You use your sense of hearing to observe how things sound.

Listen to sounds around you. How are the sounds different?

Sounds can be loud or soft.

When you whisper, you make a soft sound.

When you yell or scream, you make a loud sound.

What are some other things that make loud sounds?

AB

Activity 2.5

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Smell Your nose is your sense organ for smell.

You use your nose to observe how things smell.

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Some things have a good smell.

Other things have a bad smell.

What are some ways you use your sense of smell from day to day?

AB

Amazing Fact!

Your sense of smell improves when you are hungry!

Activity 2.6

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Taste Try This!

Put on a blindfold.

Use your sense of taste to guess different snacks!

Your tongue is your sense organ for taste.

You use your tongue to observe how things taste.

What’s your favorite food?

Describe how it tastes.

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Some foods, like fruits and candy, taste sweet.

Potato chips taste salty.

A chili is spicy.

Try This!

Chew on a piece of fruit. Describe how it tastes. Now block your nose and eat another piece of fruit.

What do you notice?

What are some other ways you can describe how things taste?

AB

Activities 2.7 – 2.8

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Touch

Try This!

Place some objects in a paper bag. Close your eyes and use your hands to feel the objects. Describe how the objects feel.

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Your skin is your sense organ for touch.

Your skin helps you to observe how things feel.

What words can you use to describe how things feel?

Things can feel hard or soft.

Your desk is something that feels hard. The fur of a kitten feels soft.

Things can feel smooth or rough.

A book and a pencil feel smooth.

A pineapple and sandpaper feel rough.

Use your sense of touch to describe how objects in your home or classroom feel.

AB Activities 2.9 – 2.10

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Staying Healthy

Your body is very special. It is very important to take care of your body so that it works well.

To take care of your body, you need to stay clean, fit and healthy.

This way, your body can keep doing all the things you like to do.

What are some things you can do to stay healthy?

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Go Online!

Visit the NGScience website for heaps of healthy tips on keeping fit and staying healthy.

QuickCode: X7K6

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Healthy Eating

Try This!

Keep a food diary for a week. Show your food diary to a friend. Talk about how your food diary shows a healthy diet.

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A great way to take care of your body is to eat a variety of healthy food. Variety means a lot of different types.

Fruits and vegetables are very healthy. You should eat about five servings of vegetables and two servings of fruit each day.

A serving is about one cup.

Food like eggs, yogurt and cheese are healthy too. These foods help to build strong muscles and bones.

Drinking lots of water keeps you healthy too.

Think Deeply Why should you avoid eating too much junk food and drinking too many sodas?

You should drink about five glasses of water a day. You should also drink water whenever you feel thirsty.

You should drink more water after exercising and on hot days.

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Staying Active Staying active is a great way to stay healthy. It’s also lots of fun.

You can be active by playing outside with friends.

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You can stay active by jogging, dancing, riding a bike or playing a sport.

What are some ways you can stay active at school?

AB

Activity 2.11

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Keeping Clean Keeping your body clean helps you to stay healthy. Here are some things you can do to stay clean: • Take a bath or shower and wash your body with soap.

• Wash your hair.

• Brush your teeth.

• Wear clean clothes.

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Washing your hands regularly is very important to stop germs from getting into your body.

Wash your hands after using the bathroom, when you come in from outside and before you eat.

Wash your hands after you blow your nose, cough or sneeze.

Getting Enough Sleep Your body is very busy during the day. When you sleep, you give your body a rest and get ready for the next day.

Getting enough sleep is important to stay healthy. You should try to get at least 10 hours of sleep each night.

AB

Activity 2.12

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A Closer Look

What Are Germs?

Germs are living things that are so small, we cannot see them. Germs can be harmful if they get inside your body. They can cause us to get sick.

When you touch things with germs on them, the germs can stick to your hands. These germs can get into your body when you touch your face.

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Germs can also be spread to other places when you touch the things around you.

The best way to stop germs from getting into your body is to wash your hands often.

When you wash your hands with soap and water, you wash away the germs.

You can also use hand gel to kill germs.

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How to Wash Your Hands Washing your hands is the best way to help stop germs getting into your body. It also helps stop germs spreading to other people. Here’s the best way to wash your hands.

1

Turn on the tap and wet your hands with clean warm or cold water. Turn off the tap and apply some soap.

2

Lather your hands with soap by rubbing them together. Rub the soap all over your hands. The front, the back, between your fingers and under your nails.

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3

Happy Birthday to you!

Happy Birthday to you!

Keep lathering your hands with soap for about 20 seconds. To know how long 20 seconds is, sing the song Happy Birthday two times!

4

Turn on the tap and rinse away all the soap. This washes away the germs too!

Use a clean cloth or paper towel to turn off the tap and dry your hands.

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When You Are Sick Did You Know?

When you are sick, your parents may take you to see a doctor. A doctor finds out why you are sick and help you to get better faster.

From time to time, germs can get into your body and cause you to get sick. You might have a runny nose, a headache or a sore throat.

You might cough and sneeze.

When you are sick, you can spread germs to other people.

They may get sick too.

To stop spreading germs and to get well quickly, you should stay home and get plenty of rest.

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Go Online!

Learn more about how we get sick and how to get well fast on the NGScience website.

QuickCode: C3Y6

Cough and sneeze into a tissue.

Put the tissue in a bin and wash your hands. If you don’t have a tissue, you can cough or sneeze into your elbow.

Think Deeply How does coughing or sneezing into a tissue help to stop spread germs?

You can also wear a face mask when around other people.

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Science Words

body legs feet arms hands

head face senses sight

hearing smell taste touch

Review

1. List two ways you use your arms and hands.

2. List two ways you use your legs and feet.

3. List five different parts of your face.

4. Which sense organ do you use to taste? (a) ears (b) nose (c) tongue 5. Which sense organ do you use to hear? (a) ears (b) nose (c) tongue

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6. Which sense organ do you use to see? (a) ears (b) eyes (c) tongue 7. True or false. (a) You should eat a variety of healthy foods. (b) Drinking lots of water keeps you healthy.

8. List three ways you can stay active.

9. List three ways you can keep your body clean.

10. Why is it important to wash your hands regularly?

11.

What should you do when you are sick? (a) Play with your friends. (b) Stay home and get plenty of rest. (c) Cough and sneeze into your hands.

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In the Field

Eating healthy food is a great way to take care of your body.

A dietitian is a scientist that knows all about foods and the different ways they can help your body.

Dietitians teach people how to stay healthy by eating healthy foods.

If you are sick, a dietitian can help you choose the right foods to get better quickly.

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3

All About Plants

In this chapter you will ...

• list places where plants can be found.

• identify and label the parts of a plant.

• list the needs of plants.

• describe how plants change as they grow.

• list some ways people use plants.

68 1

Go Online!

What are the parts of a plant?

Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com

What things do plants need to live and grow?

69 2

Plants Around Us

Plants are living things that are found all over the world.

Try This!

Visit an area with lots of plants. Draw one tall plant and one short plant.

There are plants in forests and deserts. There are plants in our parks and gardens too.

There are plants in your schoolyard and around your home.

Where can plants be found in your area?

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Plants live in water too. They live in ponds, lakes and rivers.

People also grow plants on farms.

AB

Activity 3.1

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What are the different parts of a plant?

Parts of a Plant

Most plants have the same parts.

They have roots, a stem and leaves.

The different parts help the plant in different ways.

Try This!

leaf

Pull a weed from the ground. Observe and describe the different parts.

stem Go Online!

Label different parts of a plant on the NGScience website.

QuickCode: J4R3

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roots

Some plants also have flowers and fruits. flower

fruit Can you name a fruit that people can eat?

AB

Activities 3.2 – 3.7

Try This!

Take a piece of fruit and ask an adult to cut it into halves.

What’s inside?

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What things do plants need to live and grow?

Needs of Plants

All plants need the same things to live and grow.

Plants need sunlight. They take in sunlight through their leaves.

Sunlight helps the plant to make food.

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Plants need air. They take in air through small holes in their leaves.

Plants also need water.

They take in water through their roots.

Think Deeply Where does the water plants take in through their roots come from?

Air and water help plants to make the food they need to live and grow.

AB

Activity 3.8

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Try This!

Sprinkle some radish seeds on a dish of cotton wool. Wet the cotton wool and place the dish near a window. Care for the plants as they grow.

Draw the changes you see.

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How Plants Grow

Plants grow from seeds.

When a seed gets water and warmth it starts to grow. The roots grow down into the soil.

The stem and leaves grow up towards the sky. As a plant grows, it gets bigger. Some plants will also grow flowers and fruits.

Go Online!

Watch how a plant grows on the NGScience website.

QuickCode: V2X4 AB

Activity 3.9

How does a plant change as it grows?

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How We Use Plants

People use plants in different ways.

We eat many different kinds of plants and plant parts.

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come from plants.

What are some plants you eat from day to day?

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People use plants to decorate their gardens and homes.

What are some other ways people use plants?

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A Closer Look

The Venus Flytrap Plants make food by taking in sunlight through their leaves. Some plants also eat animals for food!

The Venus flytrap is a plant that eats small animals such as flies for food. It has special leaves that can close quickly to trap the animals.

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Over time, the Venus flytrap breaks down and eats the trapped animals. When they have finished eating, the leaves open up and are ready to trap the next animal.

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Science Words

roots stem leaves flowers fruits

sunlight air water seeds

Review

1. List three places you can find plants.

2. Which plant part holds up the plant? (a) flowers (b) roots (c) stem 3. Which plant part takes in sunlight? (a) roots (b) stem (c) leaves 4. Which plant part takes in water from the soil? (a) roots (b) stem (c) leaves

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5. True or false. (a) All plants have flowers. (b) All plants have fruits.

6. List two things a seed needs to start to grow.

7. Describe how a plant changes as it grows.

8. Use the pictures to tell how people use plants. (a)

(b)

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4

All About Animals In this chapter you will ...

• list different kinds of animals.

• tell some ways animals move.

• tell how animals grow and change.

• tell how animals are important to people.

What are some different kinds of animals?

84 1

Where do animals live?

How do animals move?

Go Online!

Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com

85 2

Animals Around Us

There are many different kinds of animals.

There are small animals like ants, bugs and butterflies.

There are big animals like crocodiles, bears and elephants.

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Animals come in all shapes and sizes.

They live in many different places.

They move about in different ways.

Name and describe some animals you know.

AB

Activities 4.1 – 4.4

Try This!

Describe an animal to a friend. See if they can guess the animal.

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Needs of Animals

All animals need the same things to live and grow.

Animals need food.

Some animals eat plants.

Some animals eat other animals.

What is your favorite animal? What food does it eat?

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Animals need air and water too.

Think of an animal you know of. Tell how it gets the things it needs.

AB

Activity 4.5

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How Animals Move

Animals move in different ways.

On land, animals walk, run, jump and hop.

A snake uses its body to slide on the ground or climb a tree.

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Butterflies, birds and bats fly from place to place.

Many animals live in lakes, rivers and the ocean. These animals move about by swimming.

List some animals you know of. Tell how they move.

Amazing Fact!

A flying fish uses its wing-like fins to glide through the air.

AB Activities 4.6 – 4.8

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Try This!

Compare a young chick to an adult chicken. How are they the same? How are they different?

Animals Have Young All animals have young.

Animals like cows and tigers give birth to their young.

Animals like birds and turtles lay eggs. Young animals hatch from the eggs.

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Many young look like their parents.

Some young animals, like frogs and butterflies, do not look like their parents.

They change to look more like their parents as they grow.

Amazing Fact!

It takes a butterfly about one month to change from a caterpillar to an adult butterfly.

Tell how a young frog changes as it grows.

AB

Activity 4.9

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Animals and People Animals are important to people.

We keep animals on farms and in zoos.

We keep animals at home as pets.

AB

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Activity 4.10

We eat some animals for food.

Foods like eggs, milk and cheese come from animals too.

What are some other ways people use animals?

Try This!

With a friend, make a list of the different foods you eat. Which foods come from plants? Which foods come from animals?

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A Closer Look

Farms A farm is a place where people raise and care for animals. The animals are used by people in different ways.

Farmers get milk from cows and goats. They get eggs from chickens and wool from sheep.

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Review

1. List three places where you can find animals.

2. List three things animals need.

3. List three different ways animals can move.

4. How do animals change as they grow?

5. Use the pictures to tell how people use animals. (a)

(b)

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5

Environments

In this chapter you will ...

• o bserve the different places where plants and animals live.

• identify the relationship between the needs of plants and animals and the places they live.

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What are some places where plants and animals live?

AB

Activity 5.1

Go Online!

Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com

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Where Plants and Animals Live

Plants and animals can live in many different places.

Some places are hot and dry.

Other places get lots of rain.

Some plants and animals live underwater.

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The place where plants and animals live gives them all of the things they need to survive.

Plants get the sunlight, water and air they need in the place they live.

Animals get the food, water and air they need from the place they live.

AB

Activity 5.2

Engineer It! Five new animals have arrived at the City Zoo. Design a new home for one of the animals.

Think Deeply What’s your favorite animal? Where does it live? How does it get the things it needs to survive?

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Rainforests A rainforest is a hot place that gets lots of rain.

There are many different kinds of plants.

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Think Deeply Why are there so many plants in rainforests?

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Think Deeply Why are there so many different kinds of animals in rainforests?

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Rainforests have lots of plants and water. This makes them a suitable place to live for many different kinds of animals.

AB

Activity 5.3

Can you name some of these rainforest animals?

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A Closer Look

Amazing Toucans!

Toucans are birds that live in tropical rainforests.

They are well-known for their large and colorful bills. Compared to the size of their bodies, toucans have the longest bills of all birds. Although their bills are very big, they are also very light.

Toucans mostly eat fruit. They use their bills to pluck and pick fruits such as figs, papayas, oranges and guavas. Some toucans also eat insects and small lizards.

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Toucans have small wings and are not very good at flying. They mostly move about using their legs and claws to hop between trees.

There are about 40 different kinds of toucans. The biggest is the toco toucan. They can be as long as 70 centimeters and weigh up to one kilogram!

AB

Activity 5.4

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Grasslands

Grasslands are flat places with lots of grass and short plants.

Did You Know?

Grasslands are also called plains, prairies or savannas.

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What kinds of animals can you find in grasslands?

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The plants in grasslands provide food and shelter for a great variety of animals.

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Talk about how these animals get the things they need in a grassland.

AB

Activity 5.5

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Deserts

Amazing Fact!

Cacti are desert plants that can store lots of water in their stems! This lets them survive for a long time without water.

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Deserts are very dry places.

In some deserts it may only rain a few times a year.

Desert plants, such as cacti, can survive with very little water.

In what ways are desert plants different from rainforest plants?

Engineer It! Animals try to eat cacti to get the water inside the stems.

Design and build a cactus that will stop animals from getting to its water.

Think Deeply Why are there fewer plants in deserts than in rainforests?

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Desert animals can survive with little rain.

Some animals get the water they need from plants.

Think Deeply Why do some desert plants have sharp, spiky leaves?

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How do desert animals get the things they need?

AB

Activity 5.6

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The Ocean Amazing Fact!

Most of the Earth is covered by oceans!

The ocean is a big body of salt water.

The ocean is home to many different kinds of animals.

How do ocean animals get the air they need?

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Whales, lobsters, sea turtles and fish are ocean animals.

What are some other kinds of animals that live in the ocean?

AB

Activity 5.7

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Tundras

Amazing Fact!

Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia which means ‘treeless land’.

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A tundra is a place that is cold, windy and dry. There are not many trees or tall plants.

At times, the ground may be covered in snow and ice.

Not many animals can live in a tundra all year.

When it gets too cold, some animals move to warmer places.

AB

Activities 5.8 – 5.9

Engineer It! You just bought a deserted island.

Now it is time to build your home!

Think Deeply Why are many tundra animals covered in thick fur?

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A Closer Look

Antarctica – The Frozen Desert!

When you think of a desert you may think of a very hot place. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. It is also a desert!

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Although many deserts are hot, a desert is a place that is dry with very little rainfall.

Deserts can be hot or cold.

While Antarctica may be the coldest place on Earth, it is also the driest. This makes Antarctica a very cold desert.

Being so cold and dry makes it difficult for plants and animals to live there.

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Science Words

rainforest grassland

desert ocean

tundra

Review

1. List three things animals get from the place they live.

2. List three things plants get from the place they live.

3. Choose a word to describe each place. rainforest ocean desert tundra (a) (b)

(c) (d)

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4. Name the place you might find each animal. (a) (b)

(c) (d)

5. Name the place you might find each plant. (a) (b)

(c) (d)

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In the Field

A park ranger is a person that works to protect natural environments and the living things that live there.

They often patrol parks to check that people follow rules and do not damage the environment.

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They also care for the plants and animals in the environment and make sure visitors have a safe and enjoyable time.

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© Blue Ring Media Pty Ltd ACN 161 590 496 2013 - 2021.

This publication would not have been possible without the tireless effort of our production team.

Special thanks to: Matthew Cole, Daniel Cole, Wang Hui Guan Joseph Anderson, Halle Taylor-Pritchard, Sophie Taylor-Pritchard, Tejal Thakur, Varasinun Mathanattapat, Kanungnit Pookwanmuang, Saijit Lueangsrisuk Original Illustrations: Natchanuch Nakapat, graphicsRF, Blue Ring Media and Interact Images Royalty-free images: Shutterstock, Adobe Stock