Northern BCs signature exploration and mining conference May 18-20, 2016 | Smithers & Telkwa BC
Outdoor opening reception at Bovill Square, featuring speakers, food trucks, live music & more
Thursday night banquet, with evening entertainment by Grammy-nominated Alex Cuba
Keynote presentation by marketing guru & broadcaster Terry O’Reilly (Age of Persuasion & Under the Influence)
Join us for a fun fulled event of interactive gold panning demonstrations
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SMITHERS AND TELKWA WELCOME YOU TO MINERALS NORTH 2016
“The free, adventurous life of the prospector, with its promise of spectacular returns, will make a strong appeal to many.” —MINISTRY OF MINES, 1918
M
ining is part of our history. From colourful characters like Charles “Peavine” Harvey and Joe “Kicker” Kelly, to the Duthie Mine, which counted the Rockefellers and the Guggenheims amongst its shareholders, Smithers and the surrounding Bulkley Valley has been a centre of mining and exploration for over 100 years. In the early 1900s, placer miners came by sternwheeler and pack horse, seeking gold and other resources like those found in the Cariboo and the Yukon. The building of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad through the Bulkley Valley in 1913 brought the promise of further exploration and prospecting, providing the means to transport people, equipment, and ore. Government mining reports and local advocates praised the potential of the region. “It is doubtful if greater mining opportunities can be found on the American continent than
are to be found near Smithers” boasted the Smithers Citizen’s Association in 1920. Hardworking mining men and women helped form the fabric of early Smithers. Though independent and self-reliant, these miners also worked together for common causes, forming groups like the Smithers Miners and Prospector’s Association to promote their interests. The legacy of early prospecting is found throughout the Valley, in our place names like Harvey Mountain, the McCabe Trail, and Silverking Basin, and in the old mine shafts, outbuildings, and cabins that remain on the landscape. The stories of our early mining days are yours to discover at the Bulkley Valley Museum. The special exhibit “Mining the Northwest” is open daily during the conference from 9 am – 5 pm. Admission is by donation.
The Prospector’s
LEGACY
All images courtesy Bulkley Valley Museum
Charlie Chapman with his packhorse, either coming or going to Cronin mine, circa 1915.
A group of men and women pose near the paydirt during a social event.
Jim Bovill and Bob Andrews at Duthie mine circa 1920
Duthie Mine, circa 1928
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On behalf of our Town Council, I would like to welcome you to Minerals North 2016 Each year, this conference provides an opportunity for those involved in the exploration and mining industry to connect with northern communities and First Nations to discuss the issues of the day. We are thrilled to be hosting Minerals North in Smithers and Telkwa, two communities for which the minerals industry is not only a rich part of our history but also integral to our current economy. I hope you have a chance while you are here to explore our Main Street, get out for a short hike or meet some local residents. This year’s theme, “solutions through innovation,” speaks to the need for us to find new ways of adding value and meeting today’s challenges. Technology is often the first thing that comes to mind when people hear the word innovation. However, innovation also speaks to the need for us to find new ways of working together to achieve our shared goals: a robust, prosperous industry that delivers community benefits, respects First Nations and protects the environment. It has been a pleasure working with the organizing committee over the past year to ensure our conference has a uniquely Bulkley Valley flavour. Thank you to all of the committee members and conference volunteers for their hard work and dedication. See you at Minerals North! Taylor Bachrach, Mayor of Smithers
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On behalf of the Council and staff of the Village of Telkwa, welcome to all participants of Minerals North 2016 Telkwa has a long and storied mining history. Our main Western access is called Coalmine Road. Beyond coal, there have been plenty of other areas of exploration in the mountains above Telkwa. In the Village, our businesses serve the needs of exploration companies and workers, and a large number of our residents are employed directly and indirectly by the mining industry. Whether it’s exploring the opportunities in the rugged Babine and Telkwa Ranges, working at exciting projects like Brucejack, Red Chris, or Huckleberry, or even flying off to more distant mining locales- our residents are doing it! There’s no questioning the importance of mining to our local economy and cultural fabric. I have been fortunate to work on he construction of one of our newest mines, and have seen first-hand the benefit to local families and our communities. The Village of Telkwa is proud to support Minerals North 2016, and I look forward to engaging once again with industry representatives. I hope that you take the opportunity to explore our wonderful countryside, savour some of our local food and drink, browse our unique shops and enjoy the warmth of our community. There’s a lot to take in! Of course, if you don’t get it all done this time, you will receive the same warm welcome whenever you return. Thanks for coming and enjoy the gathering! Darcy Repen, Mayor of Telkwa
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Welcome to Minerals North 2016
We have a long history of mineral exploration and mining in northern BC dating back to thousands of years of mineral use of copper and obsidian by First Nations. Our more recent mining activity depends on the entrepreneurial spirit of those of you involved in the mineral exploration sector. We all know the sector goes through economic cycles but I’ve always found the exploration crowd to be some of the most positive and upbeat people I’ve ever met. The provincial government has a significant role to play in mineral exploration and mining. I believe the current down cycle in the sector provides important opportunities to bolster exploration and jobs through continued support of GeoScience BC and reinvestment in the BC Geological Survey that will help create the foundation for the next upswing. I’ve encouraged the current government to do just that in my work at the legislature in Victoria. Now is also an opportune time for government to improve investor and public confidence by working on topics associated with ‘certainty’. We need to use this quieter period to seriously address comprehensive land use planning in the context of aboriginal title as well as engaging a wide audience about what ‘best available technology’ and ‘best available practice’ means on the ground into the future. I look forward to discussions with you and I know, with the agenda the organizers have put together, you will have a very productive and fun Minerals North 2016. Doug Donaldson MLA Stikine, Official Opposition deputy spokesperson on mining
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H T R E M O CO N S! EL S E W AL AT EG ERDEL IN M CONSTRUCTION • ENERGY • MINING AND EXPLORATION • GOVERNMENT • FORESTRY 4092 Railway Avenue, Smithers, BC • Tel: 250-847-2700 • Email: info@summitcamps.ca
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Schedule of Events Wednesday May 18th, 2016
Time
Activity
Location
7 am - 5 pm
Registration
New arena
7 am - 5 pm
Huckleberry Mine Tour
Meet in Arena parking lot
9 am - 5 pm
Booth set-up
New arena
9 am - 12 pm
SOG Speed Dating with Raven Rescue
Location TBA
12 - 4:45 pm
AMEBC Gathering Place
Hudson Bay Lodge
1:30 - 4:30 pm
Rescue Quick and Dirty with Raven Rescue
Location TBA
12 - 5 pm
NWCC Golf Tournament – times to be confirmed
Smithers Golf & Country Club
6 - 9 pm
Opening Reception
Bovill Square
Thursday, May 19th, 2016 Time
Activity
Location
7:30 - 8:30 am
Breakfast
Tradeshow
8:30 - 9 am
Opening Remarks
Main Stage
9 - 9:20 am
AMEBC & MABC update on Exploration & Mining
Main Stage
9:20 - 10 am
Regional Geologist update
Main Stage
10 - 10:30 am
Refreshment Break at the Tradeshow
Main Stage
10:30 am - 12 pm
Innovation in Exploration and Mining
Main Stage
12 -12:45 pm
Luncheon
Main Stage
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Thursday, May 19th, 2016 Time
Activity
Location
12:45 - 1:45 pm
Keynote: Terry O’Reilly Public invited $10 at the door
Main Stage
1:45 - 2:45 pm
Sustainability, Responsibility & Environment
Tradeshow
2:45 - 3:15 pm
Refreshment Break
Tradeshow
3:15 - 4:15 pm
Info meeting for potential host communities
Concurrent sessions TBA
3:15 - 4:15 pm
HR & Workforce Development moderated panel discussion
Main Stage
4:15 4:45 pm
New Mines in Northern BC
Main Stage
5 - 6 pm
Happy Hour Valley Youth Fiddles
Tradeshow
6 - 12 am
Banquet & Alex Cuba
Main Stage & dining areas
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Friday, May 20th, 2016 Time
Activity
Location
7:30 - 8:30 am
Use your breakfast coupons
Various local restaurants
9 - 10:30 am
Working together & moving forward post Tsilqotin - Part 1 & 2 panel discussion
Main Stage
10:30 - 11 am
Refreshment Break
Tradeshow
11 am - 12 pm
Working together & moving forward post Tsilqotin - Part 3
Main Stage
12 - 1 pm
Closing luncheon & prize draws
Dining area next to main stage
* schedule accurate as of press time
Updates to the full program will be posted at www.mineralsnorth.ca
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Minerals North in the Community Smithers Exploration Group invites you to visit Minerals Rock at the Curling Club during Minerals North for a series of interactive and fun displays and activities. Check out a variety of interesting rocks and minerals and see how mined materials affect your life every day, “discover” exploration projects, and “mine” cookies. The Curling Club will be open to the public on Thursday, May 19th from 12 - 5pm and Friday, May 20th from 9 - 12. Admission is free. Gold panning will be happening on Thursday. Time TBA. Check out www.mineralsnorth.ca for more details. The Minerals North Trade Show will be open to the public on Thursday, May 19th from 12:30 - 2:30 pm.
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Jewel has not fallen short when it comes to innovation. We have dedicated countless hours and financial resources on concept design, engineering and fabricating prototypes before executing and bringing our developments to fruition. Our Scientific Research & Experimental Development (SR&ED) division along with our design team work rigorously aiming for new innovative ideas and ways to improve safety and production. To date, Jewel has developed over twelve proprietary welding procedure specifications. Jewel’s SR&ED division has also been accredited with developing: Pipeline External Welding Habitat: Development of an enclosure that can be easily set-up around pipeline welded joints while providing a controlled environment for welding personnel & operations. Will be enhanced to include capabilities of coating the welded joints as well Pipeline Internal Welding Platform (on-going): Development of a mobile platform that can travel inside the pipeline to provide leveled & safe access to welded joints for deployment of induction blankets as well as performing the internal welding and lining of the joints Sludge Conveyor: Development of a conveyor belt system with a wheel assembly that can be towed to job sites to remove sludge from pipeline ditch and provide required working conditions for the welders in the ditch Induction Heating Blanket Deployer: Development of a device for easy deployment and provision of uniform contact of induction blankets from inside the pipeline to provide pre-heating of welded joints Due to our efforts in 2013, Jewel was the recipient of the highly prestigious BC-Yukon Construction Innovation Award for Safety from the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE) sponsored by Worksafe BC. In 2015, Jewel won Clean Energy’s Project of the Year award for mechanical services provided to AltaGas’ McLymont Creek Project. Jewel’s wholly owned internal welding school, The Global Procedural School of Welding (GPS) provides on-demand training and the personnel that are able to meet the needs of any specialized or demanding project. If you are looking to upgrade your entire crew’s skills or need help working through a difficult procedure, our school provides the knowledge and experience required for you to meet your training objectives Jewel Holdings is committed to supporting B.C.’s mining industry as it grows and redevelops. We specialize in construction and commissioning activities, as well as operational shutdown and maintenance activities. Additional services include: • Detailed estimating • Stainless steel pipe spooling and fabrication • Project management • Design and engineering • Fabrication and installation Pipe spooling • Pipeline linings and protective coatings • HDPE Fusion Joining • Internal quality control • Small through large diameter pipe • COR certified
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JOIN OUR SOCIAL SCENE
Behind the Scenes: Seabridge Gold The KSM Project • Provincial and Federal Environmental Assessment Certificate received
• 52 permits obtained: allowing construction of roads, camps, site preparation • Exploration, engineering and environmental studies ongoing
Wondering what else we’ve been up to over the years? • Invested $100,000 in BCAMTA Aboriginal training • Supported Northwest Community College with $400,000 of donations: multiple years of trades training • Supported community initiatives through donations and sponsorships over eight years: sports teams, festivals, cultural events, career fairs, science and technology programs, fitness and educational programs • In 2015, employed 74% of workers from within BC, including 44% from northwest BC • In 2016, initiated a student bursary program: $4,000 towards trades training, $25,000 towards academic studies Seabridge Gold is building a workforce and investing in Northern BC! Learn more about the KSM Project Seabridge Gold Inc., 1235 Main Street, P.O. Box 2536, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0
www.seabridgegold.net KSM_community@seabridgegold.net 1.250.847.4704
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Minerals North Keynote Speaker Terry O’’Reilly Minerals North 2016’s keynote speaker for its conference is someone many in the mining industry might hope has big ideas on how to adapt in a time of low mineral prices. Award-winning ad man and CBC Radio host Terry O’Reilly has been in the marketing business for decades, founding his own company Pirate Radio & Television in 1990 before becoming host of the popular radio show Under the Influence, follow-up to Age of Persuasion, which iTunes chose as best new podcast of 2011. “Our conference is focused on innovation. That’s our theme, and we know that he’s known for his creativity, and unique and innovative ideas,” said Minerals North co-chair Danielle Smyth. “The industry is not in the best place at the moment ... we need someone who could really provide some motivation and talk about big ideas, and how we can really change perception and behaviour in a time when we need to think outside the box.” Smyth added that O’Reilly has agreed to tailor his speech to what is happening in B.C. mining.
Featured Entertainment Alex Cuba Alex Cuba is a Latin Grammy/Juno winner, singer-songwriter who lives in Smithers; his melodies, pop-soul hooks and powerful guitar riffs, bring a fresh take on the Latin music landscape. Alex’s solo debut album earned him a Juno award for World Music Album of the Year in 2006. “Agua Del Pozo” earned him another Juno award for World Music Album of the Year in 2008. From there, Alex released his third album, a self-titled project “Alex Cuba” in 2009. Alex took home the award for Best New Artist at the 2010 Latin Grammy Awards, and in 2011 Alex took home an award for songwriting on Nelly Furtado’s #1 Spanish hit “Manos Al Aire”. In 2013 He again brought home a Latin Grammy for the video Eres Tu, a video produced entirely here in Smithers. Songwriting was the focus for the latest album “Healer” that was recorded in New York, USA and Victoria. Using a live rhythm section the songs take on a live appeal and Alex traded in horns for guitars and vocal harmonies that take Alex back to his roots. Based in Smithers, Alex has put together band with Ian Olmstead , Jake Jenne and Jose Sanchez. Who come together with lots of melody, groove and vocal harmonies.
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Drop by Booth #20 and say hello to Uwe Gramann, our resident Meteorologist!
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Learn more about our weather forecasting services for your safety, aviation, logistics and avalanche control operations.
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Boost for exploration
Slump makes mining industry smarter By Alicia Bridges
A
new survey of mineral deposits in the Smithers area could lead to a spike in exploration in the Northwest, according to Smithers Exploration Group president Rob Maurer. Non-profit organization Geoscience B.C. last year used aerial magnetic surveys to detect concentrations of minerals in an area between Terrace, Kitimat and Smithers, including sites that had not been surveyed since the 1960s.
He said the data would not specifically identify where to build a mine, but it helped narrow down the search for hidden resources. Because sites that looked promising could be snapped up quickly, Maurer expected the data would lead to increased exploration in the survey area. Mining exploration near Smithers could increase after the release of a new map of mineral deposits in the area. Geoscience BC photo
Data from the survey was unveiled at the 2016 Minerals Roundup conference, held by the Association for Minerals Exploration B.C. (AME BC) in Vancouver. According to Geoscience B.C., the project was designed to identify mineral resource potential and to help guide land use decisions. “The data we have generated here will provide detailed insights into the bedrock and focus mineral exploration and investment in this area,” said Geoscience B.C. minerals and mining vice president Bruce Madu. Another survey is planned for the area between Smithers and Vanderhoof this year. Smithers Exploration Group (SEG) president Rob Maurer, who attended the AME BC conference in Vancouver in January, said similar surveys in stronger economic times had led to increased exploration. “When it’s been done in the past, when economic times were more plentiful, the aerial survey information being released has actually set off some little staking rushes where people are quick to get in there and stake claims in spots they think show promise based on the information,” said Maurer. Although exploration has slowed with the downturn in the mining industry, Maurer said the new information could still stimulate activity in the Northwest.
“To take advantage of this information people do have to stake mineral claims or someone else will
stake claim to that resource,” he said. “And to keep those claims, people have to do work every year and it’s a matter of, they need to spend an amount of money or do an equivalent amount of work that equates to a number of dollars per hectare per year.” However, Maurer emphasized the survey was unlikely to lead to a sudden boom in exploration. Instead, he said a slow increase might occur, starting with small amounts of sampling, prospecting or reclamation this summer. “I wouldn’t want to get people’s hopes up that this survey will become an instant boom and there’s going to be drillers and camps and jobs for everyone,” said Maurer. “Even in a stronger economy and a stronger investor climate, those things still take time.” AME BC president and chief executive Gavin Dirom predicted the Geoscience B.C. data would be a major stimulant for exploration. “Whether it’s immediately taken up and there’s an immediate result, we will have to wait and see,” he said. “But it’s one of these things that if you’re not doing it, then you’re not going to be competitive and you won’t have a chance of attracting investment or some really high quality companies in the area.”
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Proud to be independent and local By Xuyun Zeng
F
rom private land owners to big corporations, HBH Land Surveying Inc. has worked with all of them in delimiting land.
in Hazelton, where residents own not only the house, but also hold ownership of shared facilities.
The 27-year-old Smithers company has seen its business scope expand ever since its founding partner Stephen Howard opened it as S. Howard and Associates. Howard initially focused on legal land surveying, but now their work includes engineering, construction and other types of survey.
“That seems to be a new trend too, as we get people increasing in age,” said Broten. “People are looking at retiring in a spot where they have their own house but they have access to more social interaction with friends.”
“Since that time, our expansion has largely been in work volume. Our work volume has increased three times,” said director Rebecca Broten.
Broten feels especially proud of her work under the Mineral Tenure Act. HBH Land Surveying works with mines going to lease, figures out what their clients need and liaises with the gold commissioner and Land Title and Survey Authority and surveyor general's office.
Most of their business comes from private land owners hoping to carve up their lands.
“It's a specialty, and we figured last year that we did about half of them in the province,” she said.
“The people who live in this part of the country like living here, and they work hard to stay here. So when the farm becomes too much, they'll often cut it if they can,” said Broten.
HBH Land Surveying covers a large area that spans from the Yukon-British Columbia border in the north to Terrace in the west and Prince George in the east, working mostly along the highways.
HBH Land Surveying would then take them through the process which starts with examining the property in areas such as burdens, zoning and legal aspects.
“That's where the lands are. Anything to do with private land, obviously, is more clustered towards Highway 16. There's not a lot of private land holding on Highway 37. Highway 37 — our work — we've done a number of contracts with Ministry of Transportation, a lot of that Highway hasn't even been surveyed out.”
The company then contacts the respective government authorities and helps the client address the terms and conditions each government body outlays, which can include building a sewer system and providing access to lands beyond.
The company also prides itself on operating as an independent.
“So it's a lot of back-and-forth,” said Broten. “By the time we get to the ground, and actually start the field survey, we're usually at least four months into the process, very often we can be years into the process and by that point the applicant has moved through a number of hurdles.”
“In the land surveying industry, a company this size existing as a solo entity ... it's very unusual,” she said. “What's happening with survey companies everywhere is the larger companies are buying up the smaller companies.”
“You don't start a survey in a day.”
Broten believes operating independently allows HBH Land Surveying to better serve communities in the North.
After all these conditions are fulfilled, HBH Land Surveying then applies for new titles. The company has also delved into nascent areas in surveying in the North, including condominium developments such as the Ptarmigan Meadows. “That's Smithers' biggest strata development,” said Broten. “Strata developments within town are a fairly new thing to the North. The first one I did was in 2010, and that was the first one that had been done for a long time.” They have also contributed to the first co-housing development
“It allows us to continue servicing everybody,” said Broten. “We don't want to get in a position where we're told to drop certain clients. That's not what we do.” She has seen big companies buy small land surveying firms and subsequently shut them down, depriving that community of a land surveyor, forcing people requiring those services to hire an expensive out-of-town surveyor. “We're happy to stay here and we're happy to stay independent,” she said. “Having somebody local, having access to that allows everyone to benefit.”
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Telkwa geologist recognized for contribution to mineral industry By Chris Gareau
A
local legend in the world of mining, Hans Smit has been recognized for his decades of contributions to the mineral industry by the Association for Mineral Exploration (AME) British Columbia.
are being bought from Vancouver and being trucked to Smithers, that doesn’t help as much as if people buy stuff in Smithers,” said Smit. The current president of Minerals North for a couple decades, Smit is bringing the annual event to Smithers and his hometown of Telkwa. “I’ve been a strong supporter of that and one of the instigators, and really trying to get mining industries and communities to discuss more so you can maximize the benefits, which are about jobs and economics, and try to minimize the [negative] impacts industry has,” said Smit.
Smit and his mining colleagues Jerry Asp and Barry Price were presented the award at The AME BC Awards Celebration of Excellence Gala on Jan. 27 during the Mineral Exploration Roundup 2016 conference in Vancouver. “I was surprised and honoured,” said Smit. The award is chosen by all the past chairs and presidents of the AME. Current chair David McLelland did not get to vote, but he was less surprised at Smit’s winning. “It’s for people they believe have done the most volunteer work for the forwarding of our sector and our association,” explained McLelland. “He’s very widely known in our community, and he is very prolific in his advocacy and in his example at mentorship. And those things are critical. It’s important to … set a high example of the character and ethics of our industry and our membership.” Smit graduated from university in 1984 as a geologist, but was already in the field as a helper for several years. “And then I started working basically as a junior geologist: exploration, running drills, logging core, and still do some of that. But also I do management of junior companies,” said Smit. He recently returned from Mexico, where most of his work has been the last ten years. Smit does still believe strongly in creating local jobs with local projects in northern B.C. “I’ve got a project in a private company that’s outside of Prince George that we’ve drilled, and I worked on various projects over the years including the Red Mountain Project by Stewart and Swamp Point gravel pit south of Stewart – also in the Yukon quite a bit and Alaska,” said Smit.
“The industry is an evolving project but is much more responsive than say 20 years ago.” Smit had a hand in shaping the industry’s past, is shaping the present, and is helping shape its future as the chair of the an advisory committee to the School of Exploration and Mining at Northwest Community College in Smithers. The committee helps the college decide what goes into the course and how it is taught. “Should that course be taught, how we connect with companies; the idea being that if the college teaches things that industry needs people for, it works really well because people get hired,” said Smit. While exploration is down, Smit said mining is still an economic driver for the Northwest with new mines like Pretivm’s Brucejack mine opening. He himself sees this as an opportune time to invest in the industry. “Quite honestly, investing in a junior company is one of the riskiest investments you can ever make. High risk, high reward. People who are worried about their bank stocks are not going to invest in junior mining.
He reminded that the award was not so much about his day-to-day work.
“It’s cyclic, always has been, and we just started a new company because we figure now’s the time to start it – at the bottom when people need investment when nobody else is looking. The deals are better, you can get a driller better, you can get the best people the easiest. Right now I’m very actively looking in North America … to try to find a project to start funding,” said Smit, who still loves getting his hands dirty.
“It’s [because] I believe strongly the mineral industry can help communities economically and socially, because it’s providing jobs. But it doesn’t work if all those jobs are all filled by people from somewhere else or if all the commodities
“The fun part of this job is I get to go to Toronto with a suit and tie, but I also just spent three days in the field with a Mexican geologist and the helper and ranchers sitting out and eating barbecued meat on a little ranch,” said Smit.
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ELEMENTS OF A SMARTPHONE ELEMENTS COLOUR KEY:
ALKALI METAL
ALKALINE EARTH METAL
TRANSITION METAL
GROUP 13
GROUP 14
GROUP 15
SCREEN 49
In
8
50
Sn
Oxygen
13
14
Indium
Tin
Al
Si
Aluminium
Silicon
8
19
O
Oxygen
K
Potassium
57
39
Y
La
Yttrium
Lanthanum
59
63
Pr
Praseodymium
Eu
Europium
65
Tb
Terbium 66
Dy
Dysprosium
The glass used on the majority of smartphones is an aluminosilicate glass, composed of a mix of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). This glass also contains potassium ions, which help to strengthen it.
Nickel is used in the microphone as well as for other electrical connections. Alloys including the elements praseodymium, gadolinium and neodymium are used in the magnets in the speaker and microphone. Neodymium, terbium and dysprosium are used in the vibration unit.
A variety of Rare Earth Element compounds are used in small quantities to produce the colours in the smartphone’s screen. Some compounds are also used to reduce UV light penetration into the phone.
Pure silicon is used to manufacture the chip in the phone. It is oxidised to produce non-conducting regions, then other elements are added in order to allow the chip to conduct electricity.
64
Tin & lead are used to solder electronics in the phone. Newer leadfree solders use a mix of tin, copper and silver.
Gd
BATTERY Li
Lithium 6
C
13
Carbon
C
Co Al
Aluminium
8
O
Oxygen
Cu
Copper 79
Au Gold
28
Ni
Nickel 65
Tb
Terbium 14
Si
Silicon 33
As
Arsenic
66
Dy
47
Ag
Silver 73
Ta
Tantalum 59
Pr
Dysprosium Praseodymium 60
Nd
64
Gd
Neodymium Gadolinium 8
O
Oxygen 15
P
Phosphorus
50
Sn Tin
51
Sb
Antimony 31
Ga
Gallium
82
Pb Lead
CASING
27
Cobalt
LANTHANIDE
29
Copper is used for wiring in the phone, whilst copper, gold and silver are the major metals from which microelectrical components are fashioned. Tantalum is the major component of micro-capacitors.
Gadolinium
3
HALOGEN
ELECTRONICS Indium tin oxide is a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide, used in a transparent film in the screen that conducts electricity. This allows the screen to function as a touch screen.
O
GROUP 16
The majority of phones use lithium ion batteries, which are composed of lithium cobalt oxide as a positive electrode and graphite (carbon) as the negative electrode. Some batteries use other metals, such as manganese, in place of cobalt. The battery’s casing is made of aluminium.
Magnesium compounds are alloyed to make some phone cases, whilst many are made of plastics. Plastics will also include flame retardant compounds, some of which contain bromine, whilst nickel can be included to reduce electromagnetic interference.
6
C
Carbon 35
Br
Bromine
© COMPOUND INTEREST 2014 - WWW.COMPOUNDCHEM.COM | Twitter: @compoundchem | Facebook: www.facebook.com/compoundchem Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence.
BY
12
Mg
Magnesium 28
Ni
Nickel
NC
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