Logistic of Death and Memory_Volume 4_Technology Study

Oxford Brookes DS 3 / Technology Study - Change in Trajectory Bill

Contents 1-14

Chapter 1 / Georgia Nutsubidze Housing Project, Tbilisi, Georgia

15-23

Chapter 2 / Precedent of Scaffolding Construction The Stairs to Kriterion, Rotterdam, MVRDV

24-37

Chapter 3 / Unseen Trajectory Detail City of Captive Globe, Drawing, Madelon Vriesendorp + Rem Koolhaas , 1972

38-49

Chapter 4 /

50-68

River Gesture of crossing Enguri River as Ritual of Rememberance 44 Minimize of Environmental Impact - Bridge 46 Bridge Detail 49 Force Diagram Chapter 5 /

River Island Mountain like Scaffolding Crematorium Design 52 Study of Structure 54 Minimize of Environmental Impact - Scaffolding 56 Force & Structural Diagram 58 Mountain & Worship 60 Environmental Design of Crematorium 62Environmental Design of Urn Storage

Chapter 1 / Georgia Nutsubidze Housing Project, Tbilisi, Georgia

1

Nutsubidze Housing Project / Tbilisi, Georgia / Otar Kalandarishvili, Guizo Potskhishvili / 1974-1976 Complex of Residential Building during Soviet Union Time in Georgia

2

P.Meuser, Serial Housing Construction in the Soviet Union, Soviet Modernism 1955-1991/Unknown History, Park Books, 2012, p. 274

Diagram of Soviet mass housing blocks Construction The most predominant mass housing blocks “Khrushchyovka� were developed using a range of materials; from conventional bricks and concrete blockwork to advanced skeletal and modular systems. It can be classified by 3 distinct elements; construction method, the number of openings(point, corridor or arcade), and the number of floors, no more than five due to Soviet regulation regarding elevators.

3

Unknown photogrpaher, Prefabricated apartment blocks, Photograph (from Anglo-Soviet Journal, 3, XII, Autumn 1952)

Fluxhouse™ design based on Khrushchyovkal housing system, George Maciunas Foundation

Construction of Soviet Prefabricated housing blocks

4

Nutsubidze Housing Project - Sky Bridge connected housing blocks to up hill area

Unlike typical Soviet housing blocks, this project included an elevator with sky bridges to connect ground level circulation to hill level which make it different from other Soviet housing Project.

5

Nutsubidze Housing Project - Sky Bridge connected housing blocks to up hill area The Sky Bridge cross through path in different level to provide direct access to up hill

6

Sketches, Bill, 2018 Analysis of the SkyBridge design based on the modular & Prefabricated design of “Khrushchyovka”

7

d.

Aerial View of Sky Bridge Connect through the building, Bill, 2018 8

c.

a.

b.

Key a. Precasted Sky Bridge slab sitting on Metal Truss support b. Connection to the up hill road c. Connection into existing Housing Block d. Sky Bridge to other Housing Block 9

Nutsubidze Housing Project - Sky Bridge connected housing blocks to up hill area Connection point of the Sky Bridge 10

a.

b. c. d.

e.

f.

Exploded Diagram - Connection of Prefabricated elements in Sky Bridge, Bill, 2018 Key a. Metal Handrail b. Precasted Concrete slab c. Cast-in L beam in Precasted Concrete slab d. I Beam welded on Metal frame support e. Metal frame support welded on Metal truss f. Metal truss structure with welding joint 11

f.

e.

d.

d.

c.

c.

b.

b.

a.

a.

Sectional Diagram 1 - Construction of Prefabricated Sky Bridge, Bill, 2018

Sectional Diagram 2 - Construction of Prefabricated Sky Bridge, Bill, 2018

Key a. Modular design RC Column b. Modular design RC Beam c. Modular design RC Floor Slab d. Ceramic Floor Tiles e. Modular design RC Block facade/Wall f. Modular Grid shown on building facade

Key a. Modular design RC Column b. Modular design RC Beam c. Modular design RC Floor Slab d. Ceramic Floor Tiles

12

N L

a. b. c.

B

d.

Connection Detail 1, Bill, 2018

j.

h.

f.

g.

R L

e.

i.

f.

g.

d. c.

e. h.

b.

C

a.

Sectional Diagram 3 - Construction of Prefabricated Sky Bridge, Bill, 2018 Key a. Modular design RC Column b. Modular design RC Beam c. Modular design RC Floor Slab d. Ceramic Floor Tiles e. Rebar fixed on the Precasted Beam f. I Beam from Sky Bridge into existing building g. Cast insitu concrete stair h. Precasted Bridge Slab i. Cast-in L beam in Precasted Concrete slab j. Metal Handrail screwed on I Beam

Connection Detail 2, Bill, 2018 Key a. Nut & Lock Nut to adjust level & inclination b. Bottom Plate for I Beam c. Room for flexible leveling mortar d. RC floor slab e. Rebar welded to metal plate f. Bolt & Nut g. Metal plate for rebar fixing

13

h. Precasted RC Beam

j.

f.

g.

d.

c.

e. h.

b. i.

a.

Sectional Diagram 4 - Construction of Prefabricated Sky Bridge, Bill, 2018 Key a. Modular design RC Column b. Modular design RC Beam c. Modular design RC Floor Slab d. Concrete floor finishes e. Rebar fixed on the Precasted Beam f. I Beam from Sky Bridge into existing building g. Cast insitu concrete stair

h. Precasted Bridge Slab i. Cast-in L beam in Precasted Concrete slab j. Metal Handrail screwed on I Beam

14

Chapter 2 / Precedent of Scaffolding Construction The Stairs to Kriterion, Rotterdam, MVRDV

15

The Stairs to Kriterion / Rotterdam / MVRDV / 2016 Temporary Infrastrcture - A giant scaffolding staircase reclaim the roof top of city centre

16

The Stairs, a huge scaffolding staircase leading up to the roof of The Groothandelsgebouw in Rotterdam city centre, the temporary installation allows visitors to climb 180 steps up to the roof of the Groot Handelsgebouw – one of the first buildings constructed in the city after the end of the second world war. Measuring 29 metres high and 57 metres long, The Stairs leads up to a rooftop observation deck.

The arrival of The Stairs, a month long temporary installation celebrating 75 years of reconstruction in Rotterdam, follows the city’s tradition of celebrating reconstruction milestones. “Now we create a new lookout where people can enjoy the unique views of this newly built city. From the cranes in the harbour, to the new city centre, the North and Blijdorp Zoo. Fun for everyone,” says Anouk Estourgie of ‘Rotterdam celebrates the city!’.

17

Scaffolding system for construction in real life, Bill, 2018 18

Elevation view of The Stairs, Unknow, 2016

Sketches, Bill, 2018 Analysis of the Scaffolding stairs based on it’s modular, fast and temporary design 19

b.

a.

c.

d.

e.

Aerial View of The Stairs to Kriterion, Bill, 2018 Key d. Modular design metal truss post a. Roof top area of The Groothandelsgebouw b. Connection of the stairs into The Groothandels- e. Road through the bottom of staircase gebouw c. Modular design flight of stairs 20

Scaffolding joint in UK, Bill, 2018

Scaffolding joint in The Stairs, Unknow, 2016

To compare with, the joint of the scaffolding system used in the project share the same methodology as the scaffolding joint I found used in UK. They are both be able to intergrate with horizontal, vertical and diagonal axis elements. The jointing system used in the projects were design as more easy to assemble and accurate in dimension.

Study of Scaffolding connection system , Bill, 2018

21

All the metal post used in the stairs were welded with a connector that make the quick connection to the circular metal connector possible. The design of the Circular metal connector allow the flexible structure since it can be put in any part of the rod.

b. d.

d.

a.

c.

c.

d.

d.

Scaffolding connection system , Bill, 2018 c. d.

d.

c.

c.

a.

d.

Key a. Circular metal connector b. Modular Vertical Metal post c. Modular Horizontal Metal post d. Modular Diagonal Metal post

d. c.

Plan of Scaffolding connection system , Bill, 2018

22

floor a.

SCR

b. c.

g.

steel

TRAN

d.

TRAN

e. f. f.

STEE

e.

g.

d.

Connection detail of Metal post to stairs, Bill, 2018

b. a. c.

h.

g.

Connection detail of the Scaffolding stairs to existing building, Bill, 2018 Scaffolding system in UK, Bill, 2018 Key a. Circular metal connector g. Connector for Metal post b. Modular Metal post to Handrail c. Supporting pad welded on Metal post d. Connection of Metal post to steel transom e. Modular flight of stairs f. Metal Handrail screwed on the stairs

NUT

Key a. Floor Finishing b. Screw Fixing c. Steel Platform d. Transom e. Transom Fixer Welded on Steel Post f. Nut & Lock

23

g. Steel Post h. Supporting pad welded on Metal post

Chapter 3 / Unseen Trajectory Detail

City of Captive Globe, Drawing, Madelon Vriesendorp + Rem Koolhaas , 1972

24

Lenin Tribune, El Lissitzky, 1920

City of Captive Globe/ Drawing / Madelon Vriesendorp + Rem Koolhaas / 1972 Enormous incubator of the world Archeological Reminiscence of Millet’s Angelus, Salvador Dalí, 1934

The City of the Captive Globe Project, which Koolhaas produced with Zoe Zenghelis, focuses on New York’s urban fabric: the relentlessly uniform grid that paradoxically supports a multiplicity of functions and desires.

The rendering of each block as a fantastic city-within-a-city creates a virtual catalogue of OMA’s self-proclaimed influences: - El Lissitzky’s Lenin Stand - Salvador Dali’s Surreal Archeological Reminiscence of Millet’s Angelus (1933–35) - Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin towers all frame the captured globe, a metaphor for Manhattan’s status as an “enormous incubator of the world.”

Each block, which is itself a city, is surmounted by a structure that represents its function or identity, for example, El Lissitzky’s Lenin’s Standor Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin. All the city were sitting on the giant standardized granite plinth, apart from the function of foundation, the plinth acting as a protection of the city, a identical base for each philosophy has the right to expand infidelity toward heaven.

The plinth as a infrastructure between the highrise city and the ground, it provide an ideology of make the city(idea) on top stand out and deny the idea from other city go in. This plinth created a harmonious environment betweeen city and act as a enormous incubator or the world with different ideas.

25

Plan Voisin, Le Corbusier, 1920

Lenin Institute, Lan Leonidov, 1927

Cenotaph for Newton, Etienne-Louis BoullĂŠe, 1784 Plinth as bottom part of Architecture

26

The Temple of Death, Etienne-Louis BoullĂŠe, 1795 Plinth as bottom part of Architecture 27

Sketches, Bill, 2018 Analysis of the unseen building structure based on the drawing and reading in “Delirious New York�

28

Diagram, Bill, 2018 Mapping of existing building name to the drawing as reference to the unseen building structure

29

Diagram, Mies Van Der Rohe

Mies Van Der Rohe’s Lake Shore Drive Appartments construction photo

Plan of the building block

Master layout plan of the project

Reference from the diagram about the building name in the drawing, here start the study of the structure with Mies Van Der Rohe’s Lake Shore Drive Apparments, this project was based on column and beam structure with a centralized core.

30

Mies Van Der Rohe Lake Shore Drive Appartments completed photo

The raised up building itself is like sitting on a giant plinth

Master layout plan show the invisible foot print of the giant plinth on the ground level

Master layout plan show the High rise city foot print limited/framed by the plinth

The structure of the whole building continue from top to the ground, apart from the entrance lift lobby, Lake Shore Drive Apparments open up the podium. This created a transparent plinth that make the building stand out from the neighbourhood.

31

Rigid Frame (20-25 Floor) RIGID FRAME 20-25 FLOOR

Shear Wall (Up to 35 Floor)

SHEAR WALL UP TO 35 FLOOR

Central Core/Outrigger (Up to 150 CENTRAL CORE/OUTRIGGER UP TO 150 FLOOR Floor)

Structural Diagram 1 of Mordern Highrise, Bill, 2018 This diagram shows 3 major types of structure commonly used in mordern highrise design. As mentioned in the “City of Captive Globe”, all the highrise on the plinth were exandable structure and unlimited to their high.

Therefore, Central Core/ Outrigger will be the most possible structure used in the drawing.

32

Raft foundation suitable for: -Floor areas are small and structural loadings are low, such as in one or two-storey domestic construction.

Soil

-A basement is required.

-Ground conditions are poor and strip or pad foundations would require significant excavation, for example on soft clay, alluvial deposits, compressible fill, and so on.

Bed Rock

Raft Foundation

Pile foundation suitable for:

RAFT FOUNDATION

-there is a layer of weak soil at the surface - building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge

Soil

- In end bearing piles, the bottom end of the pile rests on a layer of especially strong soil or rock. The load of the building is transferred through the pile onto the strong layer. In a sense, this pile acts like a column

Bed Rock

Pile Foundation

Piled Raft Foundation suitable for:

PILE FOUNDATION

- large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

- transfer loads through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth.

Soil

- increases the effective size of a foundation and can help resist horizontal loads.

Bed Rock

Piled Raft Foundation COMBINE RAFT PILE FOUNDATION

Structural Diagram 2 of Mordern Highrise, Bill, 2018 33

Church on the Rock, Bill, 2018 The Architectural form for each city in the “City of Captive Globe” drawing reminds me the example of “Church on the Rock. The Church itself don’t need a strong foundation since it’s built on a giant rock that sitting steady on the ground.

34

Sketches, Bill, 2018 In the same sense of “Church on the Rock”, all “City” in the “City of Captive Globe” drawing were seated on a giant granite plinth that provide a strong foundation to build on.

35

e.

e.

b.

b. c.

d.

d.

c. a.

Key a. Plinth b. High rise City c. Core extended to the Ground

a.

Key a. Plinth b. High rise City c. Stair from the plinth to the city

d. Column extended to the Ground e. Modular Floor elements for furture expansion of the city

Exploded Diagram 1, Bill, 2018 The hypothesis of this structure was based on the Lake Shore Drive Apartment

by Mies, the structure of the whole building go through the plinth to make the plinth become part of the structure.

d. Pile foundation to the giant rock e. Modular Floor elements for furture expansion of the city

Exploded Diagram 2, Bill, 2018 Based on the description of the drawing, the city seated on the giant granite through the pile foundation, the plinth itself provided a connection and selection for people going to the city from the ground level.

36

Column Force a.

Pile Pile

Pile

d.

b.

Soil

Pile

Force in the truss system

a.

Plan

Bed Rock b.

c.

Section through typical Pile and Beam

Section through Piles, Pile cap and Column

Key a. Pile Cap with Reinforcement Cage b. RC Pile c. Rock Shoe d. RC Column Foundation Detail, Bill, 2018 Based on the description of the drawing, the city seated on the giant granite plinth through the pile foundation, together with the plinth, it form a strong foundation for the “City� grow.

37

Chapter 4 / River

Gesture of crossing Enguri River as Ritual of Rememberance

38

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Mood board of the Promenade on River

39

Morphing of Enguri River (2006-2016)

40

Mapping of Anaklia [ Soil ]

41

Master Plan of Crematorium Design 1.Entrance Gate / 2. Viewing Platform / 3. Path to Memorial Hall / 4. Coffins Warehouse / 5. Ceremony Hall / 6. Path to Departures Port / 7. Departures Port / 8. Office / 9. Temp. Morgue / 10. Storage / 11. Male Toilet / 12. Female Toilet / 13. Mountain of Memory / 14. Columbarium / 15. Committal Chamber / 16.

Viewing Harbour / 17. Memorial Garden

42

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection to the river island 43

[ Technology - Crossing Enguri River ] Minimize the environmental impact, react to the change of the Enguri River.

44

[ Rise & Fall with water ] Reflecting the change of water level.

45

46

47

48

49

Chapter 5 / River Island

Mountain like Scaffolding Crematorium Design

50

51

[ Study of Strcuture ] Structural systems, low in cost and minimize the impact for the existing environment.

52

[ Study of Strcuture ] Structural systems, low in cost and minimize the impact for the existing environment.

53

[ Scaffolding on River Island ] Reusable Scaffolding systems applied on different area on the island to minimize the impact for the existing environment.

54

55

56

57

[ Mountain & Worship ] Highest point in the nature for worship, a stair-like foundation structure will be hidden under the earth, and it will be reveal when the river line changes.

58

[ Mountain & Worship ] Highest point in the nature for worship, a stair-like foundation structure will be hidden under the earth, reveal when the river line changes.

59

[ Environmental Design ] Natural Ventilation 60

[ Environmental Design ] Natural Lighting 61

62

The urns storage design based on the study of the common size and the funeral objects within.

63

64

65

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Experience in Scaffolding Columbarium 66

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Basic unit of Scaffolding columbarium 67

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Basic unit of Scaffolding columbarium 68