Logistic of Death and Memory_Volume 3_Logistic of Death and Memory

Oxford Brookes DS 3 / Logistics of Death and Memory Anaklia Crematorium Bill

Contents 1

Mind Map

2-5

Chapter 1 / Logistics The management of the Dead Bodies in Georgia

6-25

Chapter 2 /

25-34

Crematorium Typology of Death

Chapter 3 /

Border River as border of life and death 35-48

Chapter 4 / Territory Mapping of Anaklia

49-96

Chapter 4 / Logistics of Death and Memory Crematorium Design

47 Planning 57 Axis of Life & Death 66 Environmental & Technology

97-126

Chapter 5 / Appendix Logistics / Planning / Technology / Models

1

Chapter 1 / Logistics of Death The management of the Dead Bodies in Georgia

2

Mukhatgverdi Cemetery for Heroes, Tbilisi, Parliament of Georgia, 2014

Anniversary on Russia-Georgia War in 2008, commemorated the heroes deceased in this war in the Mukhatgverdi Cemetery.

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops in local synods, although roughly half of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Russia.

As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East.

Orthodox is the main religion of Georgia, Orthodox Church, the stated faith of most Georgians, plays a key role in Georgia furial tradition.

3

Abandoned Crematorium Mukhatgverdi Cemetery, Tbilisi, The Calvert Journal, 2008

There are no existing crematorium in the country right now. But in Mukhatgverdi Cemetery, there is an abandoned crematorium constructed in 1970 on the order of the Tbilisi city government in the Mukhatgverdi Cemetery. But later was againsted by the Orthodox Church. Although the Bible does not specifically forbid cremation, Orthodox Christians believe that burning a body contradicts Christianity’s message of resurrection after death. The Church only has rituals for burials, it leads to the abandoned of the crematorium.

4

Georgia to Odessa, across the Black Sea

In other counrty with Orthodox Church as their main religion such as Russia and Greece, cremation services is very common as a choice in burial services as it’s cheap in price.

Those Georgians who do opt for cremation reportedly tend to send family members’ bodies to Ukraine, where a crematorium exists in the Black Sea port city of Odessa. The cost for such a procedure motivates many. A few years ago, the fixed cost of cremating a body in Odessa was 840 hryvnia, or about $32.14, according to one Ukrainian report.

By comparison, traditional burial services (a grave plot, grave digging, coffin, and mortuary refrigeration) cost in Tbilisi, on average, 1,500 laris, or about $630.20, depending on location. Prices at private cemeteries can be more than double that.

5

Chapter 2 / Crematorium Typology of Death

6

Typology of San Cataldo Cemetery

7

San Cataldo Cemetery Photo of “no roof, floors, windows or doors“ Built part, Laurian Ghinitoiu, 2010

Aldo Rossi believed in representation of typologies, translations of the past, which were basic theories argued in his book “The Architecture of the City” in 1966.

An important event occurred prior to the design and construction of the cemetery; Rossi was in a terrible automobile accident and he was then hospitalized for a long period of time. During his hospitalization, he began to theorize about the structure of his body as a series of fractures that had to be put together again.

The cemetery built by Aldo is an analogical route through all of these images of the “house of the dead.”

8

Axis ofDeath

San Cataldo Cemetery

Jewish Cemetery Cimitero San Cataldo

Axis of Past San Cataldo Cemetery Plan, Aldo Rossi, 1971-1976

Master Plan of the San Cataldo Cemetery based on the past

The cemetery has no roof, floors, windows or doors; instead it is only a shell with openings. Some of the openings are for light, others for views, access, and even containment of cremated bodies. Many do not hold this building in high esteem, as they find it depressing or ugly.

But Rossi has found a way to make architecture metaphysical; the visitor is inevitably confronted with the thought of death, “The Axis of Death” and “The Axis of Past”, where truths are constant and irrevocable.

9

Model to study the incomplete part of San Caralado Cemetery, 2018 White / Built Black / Unbuild

10

Diagram, 2018 Slicing through the space and architecture as a study, to observe the change in the form and volume in relation to the Axis of Death in San Cataldo Cemetery imagining as it’s complete.

11

In case to present the built and unbuild scenery of the project at the same time. It requires a manipulation of the space, layer, path and view in the function of time, a metaphysical level of representation.

Using painting as a study method, follow the metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico (10/7/1888 - 20/11/1978), an Italian artist and writer which profoundly influenced the surrealists. There is a rumour that Rossi’s architectural drawing in relation to De Chirico’s paintings and De Chirico’s influence on Rossi’s concept of design in order to evaluate the value of metaphysical expression in architectural presentation and on contemporary trends in architectural thinking.

After studying the drawing and metaphysical concept, an Unseen drawing that comply the drawing style of both Aldo Rossi & Chricio was drawn.

12

San Cataldo Cemetery drawing, Aldo Rossi, 1972

13

Piazza d’Italia, Giorgio de Chirico, 1913

14

Morgue in USA, John Moore, 2016

15

Warehouse in Amazon fulfillment center, Irvine

16

Warehouse in special economic zones frame the view of abandoned massive housing, Tbilisi, 2018

17

Unseen View, 2018 Reversed the built and unbuild elements, create illusion of spatial volume and relationship

18

[Layering] The action of arranging something in layers. Layer is defined as to create levels or distinguish the level. In Geology the presence or formation of layers in sedimentary or igneous rock.

19

Study model of exploring space through Slicing

Study model of exploring space through Slicing & Compressing

Final Study model for Projective View Model

Design Sketches for Projective View Model

20

Projective Vie Slice & Compress space in layer to explo 21

ew, Bill, 2018 ore the Axis in San Cataldo Cemetery.

22

[Trajectory] The path that an object in motion follows through space as a function of time.

The way in which a process or event develops over a period of time

23

Study Model of transforming gesture

24

[Melancholic Scenery] Based on the study with Unseen Drawing and Projective View, it shows that the space framed by the axis and fragment in San Catalado Cemetery play a key role in the design.

Primary element (monument) used for the design in the cemetery with the typology of housing and factory enhance the collision of visual & helps to recall the memory of the people in the city through the idea of the montage scenery when experiencing the axis.

25

Chapter 3 / Border River as border of life and death

26

[Charon. - Poem by Robert Crawford ]

Who goes across those waters On which the Moon ne’er shone, With the passenger he came for As in a dream moved on?

Cypress and yews o’ershadow The verge on either side, Within whose boughs for ever The winds of woe abide.

And all the air is haunted With a wail that seems to flow From the living lips of Sorrow As the ages come and go.

The boatman, dumb and hoary, Pulls with a steady pull,

And the dead man seems to listen To voices beautiful.

And it may be the weird River Has sights we cannot see, And the far shore burns its signals Of eerie mystery.And Charon knows each signal — Above the River’s rim The spectral lights that glimmer Are pilot-stars for him.Ay me! he knows the water As few, few boatmen know;’ Tis not the first he’s taking Down where we all must go!

27

Enguri River, Anaklia, 2018

Landscape as memory of being, Enguri River acting as the natural border between Abkhazia and Anaklia, it acts as a dominant layer in Anaklia that reflects all changes within. On the other hand, the river can also be seen as a metaphor of border between life and dead (Charon. - Poem by Robert Crawford), from Greek Mythology, eastern to western myth and painting, gesture of crossing the river can be read as part of the journey towards the underworld.

28

Charon, The Ferryman of Hell, Gustave DorĂŠ, 1861

29

Charon carries souls across the river Styx, Alexander Dmitrievich Litovchenko, 1889

30

Isle of te Dead, Arnold Bรถcklin, 1880

31

Greek island Pontikonisi

32

 Orpheus Leading Eurydice from the Underworld, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, 1861

33

The sun-god Ra through the Underworld, Mural

A depiction of the Sanzu River, JĹŤĹ?-zu, Tosa Mitsunobu

Sanzu River

34

Chapter 4 / Territory Mapping of Anaklia

35

Based on the research, Anaklia can be read as a site formed by different layers during the visit. Passing through the layers in Anaklia – from the port – city – river, the melancholy scenery makes people wonder the landscape’s future. This axis where different content & history are layered is seen as a contemplation path.

The change of the scenery was mainly lead by Tree, Farm, Building Type, Path Type and the River. As shown in the sketch mapping of the site.

36

Map of Analkia

37

Mapping of Anaklia [ Scenery ]

38

Mapping of Anaklia [ Border ]

39

Mapping of Anaklia [ Layers ]

40

Mapping of Anaklia [ Soil ]

41

Mapping of Anaklia [ Change of Enguri River ]

42

43

[ Layer on Path ] Nature - Nature

[ Layers on Path ] Manmade - Nature

44

45

[ Change of Structures along the Path ] Port - Border

[ Change in Buildings along the Path ] Town

46

Morphing of Enguri River (2006-2016)

47

The derelict Site covered with Goldenrod, Bill, 2018

The derelict Site looking at the other side of the river, Bill, 2018

Layering of the view-river/island/river/tree/mountain, Bill, 2018

River transportation-trace of human activities, Bill, 2018

The chosen site is the only landscape which remains unchanged throughout the change of the river line in years, a temporal mark of the landscape. It is an area in Anaklia that was sealed by different layers to make it remain as an unchanged state but at the same time the location allows one to observe the change in Anaklia through time, evoke the memory in the landscape and connect to the present and future as a confrontation to the deep sea port development.

The Promenade is used to cross the river, marking an unchanged territory through collective memory of death to create a trajectory to connect the past, present and future.

48

Chapter 4 / Logistics of Death and Memory Crematorium Design

49

The Master planning of the site was based on the path that pass through the layers in Anaklia – from the port – city – river, framing the melancholy scenery and by the gesture of crossing the river to get to the crematorium to create a ritual of remembrance as collective memory. Moreover, using the logistic infrastructure provided by the port development, contradicting the sacred space with the industrial and logistical spaces to evoke fascination of Anaklia’s future with the port development. By the transformation from death to collective memory, mark a columbarium as an unchanged territory and monument on the river island.

50

Maze:

No Direction / Free Exploration:

Circumvent:

CONTEMPLATION Tangent & Secant Line: Secant - Visual connection to tangent point

Topology:

Properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as: Streching, Twisting, Crunpling, Bending (But not tearing / gluing)

Discrete

ala at

do Cem et

FLOW, GOODS &

W

lH al

o u se

Ku

Axis of Past

UNSEEN

T he

Circulation Path

l sha nt

San

Axis of Death

C

BORDER

y er

TRAJECTORY

Continuous

TERRIT Chess &

Linear Space:

Line connect two incident/point (Euclidean Vector) Magnitude & Direction towards

Monumental Elements Focus Events

Scalar:

Transition through Layers / Levels

Annulus:

Hajj Pilgrimage (Close up) Natural / Topography:

51

Cluster:

Hajj Pilgrimage (Global scale)

DIALOGUE

TRANSITION

TORY

GO

Scenery of Nature

Enguri River

Geographical location of Georgia

MARK THE TERRITORY

CHANGE VS UNCHANGE

LAYERING &

DEEP SEA PORT

DEVELOPMENT

52

CONFRONT

& BODIES

Anaklia Development Consortium

Ivanishvili

Saakashvili

GOVERNMENT

National Natural

ANAKLIA

53

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Different Axis between Site & View Surrounded Enguri River

55

Site Model Enguri River / layers 56

Master Planning of C

57

Crematorium Design

58

Master Plan of Crematorium Design 1.Entrance Gate / 2. Viewing Platform / 3. Path to Memorial Hall / 4. Coffins Warehouse / 5. Ceremony Hall / 6. Path to Departures Port / 7. Departures Port / 8. Office / 9. Temp. Morgue / 10. Storage / 11. Male Toilet / 12. Female Toilet / 13. Mountain of Memory / 14. Columbarium / 15. Committal Chamber / 16.

Viewing Harbour / 17. Memorial Garden

59

Framing of View & Layer [ Black - Axis of Life ] [ Red - Axis of Death ]

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[ Material transition on Promenade ] Town - River Island

[ Material transition on Promenade ] Axis of life & Death

64

The project is built of two promenadees that come together. By extending the existing path which pass through different layers, at the same time, framing the scenery. The crematorium is designed to be access from two different entrance, one for the living, walking through the woods & observe the river through the frame.

65

[ Axis of Life ] Framing of Melancholic Scenery 66

[ Axis of Life ] Framing of Melancholic Scenery 67

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

[ Axis of Death ] Logistic and back stage of the crematorium.

68

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

ROUBEN CHERKEZISHVILI

1920 - 2019 2019084566845615324974651328

These two paths meet in the middle of the journey, but the visitor will not be able to realize that they are walking alongside with the coffin’s warehouse until they are close enough to it.

69

When passing through the warehouse, visitor will have a glimpse of the warehouse and the path along the bridge towards the river island. Then realize they had just passed through the warehouse of the coffins.

70

[ Ceremony hall ] Feast for the living and ceremony of death 71

[ Ceremony hall ] Feast for the living and ceremony of death 72

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection between the mainland & the crematorium on river island 73

[ Technology - Crossing Enguri River ] Minimize the environmental impact, react to the change of the Enguri River.

74

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection between the mainland & the crematorium on river island 75

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection between the mainland & the crematorium on river island 76

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection between the mainland & the crematorium on river island 77

[ Ritual of remembrance - The bridge as Promenade of life & death ] Connection between the mainland & the crematorium on river island 78

79

[ Rise & Fall with water ] Reflecting the change of water level.

80

[ Scaffolding on River Island ] Footing systems applied on different area on the island to minimize the impact for the existing environment.

81

[ Mountain & Worship ] Highest point in the nature for worship, a stair-like foundation structure will be hidden under the earth, and it will be reveal when the river line changes.

82

[ Mountain & Worship ] Highest point in the nature for worship, a stair-like foundation structure will be hidden under the earth, reveal when the river line changes.

83

[ Environmental Design ] Natural Ventilation 84

[ Environmental Design ] Natural Lighting 85

86

The urns storage design based on the study of the common size and the funeral objects within.

87

88

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[ Ritual of remembrance ] Sequence that transform individual memory into collective memory 90

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Experience towards the columbarium 91

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Basic unit of Scaffolding columbarium 92

[ Ritual of remembrance ] Basic unit of Scaffolding columbarium 93

[ The Pier - End of Promenade] Overlook the melancholic scenery of Black Sea with existing promenade’s bridge & the cargo ship moving towards the deep sea port 94

95

[ On the way back] Scenery that mixes sacred space, industrial port and undeveloped nature in Anaklia 96

Chapter 5 / Appendix

97

Study the direction of View in FĂźrstenwald Cemetery - Arrival

98

Study the direction of View in Fürstenwald Cemetery - Green Visual

99

Study the direction of View in Fürstenwald Cemetery - Green Visual

100

Study the direction of View in Kaze-no-Oka Crematorium - Framing of view

101

Study the direction of View in Kaze-no-Oka Crematorium - Light & Shadow

102

Study the Logistics in Communal Crematorium of Henning Larson Architects Green as Life Red as Death 103

Study the Logistics in The Woodland Cemetery Green as Life Red as Death 104

105

Study the Logistics in Berlin Crematorium Green as Life Red as Death 106

107

Study the Logistics of Crematorium in City Scale

108

Section Study of Enguri River as Promenade

109

Spatial Planning of Crematorium

110

Master Planning - Axis of View

111

Master Planning

112

Axis of Life and Death - Framing the View

113

Axis of Life and Death - Framing the View

114

Axis of Life and Death - Framing the View

115

Environmental Design - Kiln Typology

116

Tech S 117

Study 118

Tech Study - Ritual of Remembrance 119

Tech Study - Rise and fall with Water 120

Tech Study - Scaffolding

121

Tech Study - Scaffolding

122

Projective View Built Monumental Element in San Cataldo Cemetery.

123

Projective View Unbuild Monumental Element in San Cataldo Cemetery.

124

Projectiv Slice & Compress space in layer to explo

ve View ore the Axis in San Cataldo Cemetery.

126

127

128