Environmental Building Systems A1

Cold Winter Wind from South

Character Profile Name

Member

Age

Grandpa

Old

summer

75.5 degree in Summer

Condition

Often get sick 3.8m

The Patels

7.14m

Grandchildren

Sun path

Sun path Degree

From the site and the sun's trajectory in the picture, the sun height is lower in winter than in summer. And shadow in winter is longer than winter. In addition, in housing construction, the living room needs to be built in the north to collect more sunlight. And bedroom facing the south could provide time to cool down before night.

The sun is lower in winter, so the shadow of the building is longer.We need to make sure that the shadow of the house doesn't cover the neighbor's house.So when the house is one story high, we have to keep a certain distance from our neighborsIn order not to prevent the sunlight of neighbor’s. It is better to choose the location that is at least 7.14 meters away from the house.

Garden Drip System Greywater can be reused in gardens with little or no treatment. For outdoor use, the treated water will be transported to garden drip to maintain the growth of gardening. As for Plants, they can plant some ornamental plants or small crops

In the summer morning, the wind direction in Melbourne is relatively scattered. Focus on the south in the afternoon. In winter, the wind direction is mainly concentrated in the north. The north wind is strongest in the afternoon

Main Path

Infiltration Trench Stormwater site plan can help to reduce the stormwater run off from the site. Infiltraton trench is one of the strategies that helps stormwater flow to the street

Dwarf shrubs

Underground pipe

Pond

PV Panel

The PV solarPanel is used in the north of roof ,which could gain more solar energy and transfer the energy to electricity, used by household.

According to Australia condition, it is better to choose no less than 5kw. It includes at least 17 panels on the roof and occupy at least 17.2 m2(1.6mx1m per panel)

11.5-20.33Degree

Rainfall(Annual):

50.5mm

Current Temperature: (Average) Current Rainfall: (Average)

8-16Degree 50.5mm

Pressure Regulator

Solenoid Valve

Controller

Winter 9 am

Analysis：

-Next to Caroline Spring -Need very good heating and cooling -energy with effecient house -bill should be lower -zone the house off their children are not around

1. The main owner is an old couple with babysittig 14 grandchildren . And they are new to western suburbs. Therefore, they should be have enough space and safe for each of member at home at home.

They should have some outer space for rest and playing.

2. The old couple often get sick, and they want some heat and cool at diferrent times. The materials should have great thermal mass and house should have great ventilation in summer.

3. The old couple want to have more effcient energy and save cost at home, so it is better to save the cost in electricity(replaced to sunlight during the day)gas(warm enough during the winter so they dont have to use heater. Cool enough in summer so they dont have to use too much conditioner)Also, they should have effecient materials.

4. When there are no children and the couple likes to zone off their house. It is better to be safe enough and have clear space boudary between each private room.

Legend

Chemical Injector Pump

Timber Decking

Summer sun path

GWS

Galah House Summer 9 am

Babysitting(14 children)

Main Valve

At least 7.14 meters Summer 3 pm

Young Issue：

Entrance

Wind Roses

Temperature (Annual):

Old

Winter

28.8 degree in winter

Climate

Grandma

In order not to prevent the sunlight of neighbor’s. It is better to choose the location that is at least 7.14 meters away from the house

Pond The water has high thermal mass, so it is good to use water to adjust the temperature in the site and house.

They could easily absorb the heat from the sun and release at night.

Meanwhile, the tree also could absorb the heat and perform well in thermal.

Winter sun path

Wind Direction Gas Connection Main Water Connection

Types of Botany Roof Garden A roof garden can also guarantee the benefits of ecological sustainability.Not only do leaves absorb carbon dioxide, they are also effective at keeping out the sun during the summer

Winter 3 pm

Clerestory Roof (with Solar Panel) and Flat Roof

Clerestory Roof and flat roof consists of Zincalume, batten with steel sheet. This kind of product is light and easy to install. And the material have long- live lasting.

Sheet steel products are all used in a similar manner: they are either screwed (or sometimes nailed) to wood or steel battens, or they are clipped onto concealed brackets which are screwed to the battens.

Dwarf shrubs

Cool Summer Breeze from South

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

In terms of species, deciduous trees can effectively absorb and block sunlight in summer, providing residents with a cool resting place and outdoor space. In addition, the height of the shrubs in front of the house can provide ventilation. And deciduous vines can also play a role in shading.Behind the house is an evergreen tree in all seasons. Its main function is to withstand the southern wind in winter and effectively reduce the loss of heat storage inside and outside the house.

Sewer Connection Greywater Connection Dwarf shrubs

Deciduous Trees

Deciduous Vines

GWS

Greywater System Greywater Connection

Sun Impact

Thermal Strategy

Sun Path and Degree In Melbourne, the sun moves from east to north and then to the south.

In summer, the sun's position is highest, and the angle is about 75 degrees obliquely. Therefore, the shadow area covered is the smallest and the shortest. The opposite is true in winter. The position of the sun is the lowest, only 25.5-28 degrees, so the shadow under the oblique sun is the longest.

75.5 summer 52 Equix 25.5 Winter

Shading

Thermal mass decides whether this area has ability to store and release the thermal.

Louvers (Adjustable) The water has high thermal mass, so it is good to use water to adjust the temperature in the site and house.

They could easily absorb the heat from the sun and release at night.

Meanwhile, the tree also could absorb the heat and perform well in thermal.

The Galah family is elderly and young, and the elderly are prone to illness.Therefore, they need good thermal performance to ensure that the heat system of their houses is good. My solution was first to use ventilation to lower summer temperatures.The solution is to use ground materials such as wood, which are high in heat storage in sunlight areas. The walls should also have good thernmal performance such as brick walls

N

Orientation Summer

Orientation is the positioning of a building in relation to seasonal variations in the sun’s path as well as prevailing wind patterns. Good orientation can increase the energy efficiency of your home, making it more comfortable to live in and cheaper to run. In my location, the house is in Outer Western Suburb, it is better to set the orientation which is Living room facing the north and Sleep Area facing the south. And the reason why my house is neither -20 or 20 degree is that horizontal direction could lead great entrance from outside to inside.

N Living Room

Bed Room

Pergola

Strategy The location and size of the Windows are key to passive design.

In the living area, in order to allow the north to receive sunlight, the window area had better be compared to other areas.This will facilitate the winter sun into the room.In other areas of the window, the area can be relatively small, but at the same time to ensure ventilation.

In order to get more natural light, I used a small part of the skylight to allow a small amount of sunlight to flow directly from the roof into the house.This also guides part of the airflow network to ventilate with other window systems.In addition, the part of the skylight can meet the winter sunlight oblique light into the house, the house will have good thermal quality material fully absorb sunlight

Vegetation Laundry

Pivoted windows can provide more space and plenty of sunlight for the house, especially in the living space.

Eaves Dash Line

1:100 Scale Plan

Skylight Windows can satisfy the requirement of Stack ventilation which is usually happened with tempereature difference.Opening Windows on both sides of a room or on the same wall will form single and two sided ventilation

Legend Ventilation connection Eaves Layout

90cm

90cm

Plants can assist cooling by transpiration. Plants also enhance the visual environment and create pleasant filtered light.

Eaves

Ventilation has two main forms, one is stack, the other is cross ventilation

Secondly, pivoted windows provide good ventilation and natural lighting for the house. Since residents are mainly elderly and children, children may need outdoor activities more in summer. Therefore, pivoted windows can provide access, allowing them to come and go freely

90cm

Pergolas covered with deciduous vines provide self-adjusting seasonal shading. A gap between the wall and planted screens should be left for ventilation and cooling. Vines on walls or a trellis (where appropriate) can also provide summer insulation to all orientations.

As evergreen vines block winter sun, they should only be used in tropical climates or on problematic west façades.

The tree types are decidous. And some trees are set in front of the yard to prevent the wind in winter.

The back has some shrub fense and these low height plants could let the wind get through the house in summer.

Ventilation

Pivoted Strip Windows(Adjustable in Living Room)

Winter

In Galah's house, the pergola in the northwest are all deciduous vines. And the shortest distance is at least 1.62m to ensure that the summer sun will not directly hit the house, and the western vines can block part of the entrance to ensure that the room is cool. In winter, the vines wither and the sun can enter the room through pergola.

Glazing System

Skylight（Adjustable）

Fixed horizontal louvres set to the noon mid-winter sun angle and spaced correctly allow winter heating and summer shading in locations with cooler winters. As a rule of thumb, the spacing (S) between horizontal louvres should be 75% of their width (W). The louvres should be as thin as possible to avoid blocking out the winter sun Therefore, adjustable horizontal louvers on the east and west sides of the building and vertical louvers in the north are good choices.In the south, you can use internal draps. Meanwhile, they could provide great ventilation by adjusting the degree of louvers

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Decidous Tree

Correctly designed eaves are generally the simplest and least expensive shading method for northern elevations and are all that is required on most single-storey houses. And as for old couple, they should avoid too much sunlight get into the house in summer, so eaves is good choice and save energy. In winter, the sun getting lower, the sunlight could get in and heat the house

Windows System

Wall System

Double- Glazing Windows

Type This type of window combines two panes of glass with a metal or polymer spacer between them. Because there is Argon Gas in the middle, and it is well sealed, This can reduce solar heat gain in Summer and decrease heat lost in Winter. Meanwhile, the two panes can greatly minimise the intrusion of medium to high frequency noise into a building.

Installation

Location

Strawbale 450 mm Finished Wall 1

Internal Plaster Stud Wall

Figure

Bulk Insulation

South, East and West Wall

Wool/Polyester batt 80/20 R3.5

Internal Wall

Wool/Polyester batt 80/20 R3.5

Wall 2

Description Strawbale wall is renewable materials and has low embodided energy. Meanwhile, it is easy to install. Strawbale walls are surprisingly resistant to fire, vermin and decay. It is located in the back of the house

Plaster wall is also very common as a wall material. It has good Durability and it has good sound insulation

Window Schedule Types

5400mm

Materials

Reverse Brick Veneer

North Wall

External Cladding

Wall 3 2100mm

Wool/Polyester batt 80/20 R3.5

Insulation Wool/ Polyester batt 80/20 R3.0 Brick(Internal)

Pivoted

Wall 1

Reverse brick walls are on the inside of Living and Kitchen zone and insulation is on the outside. It usually still requires a cladding on the outside to protect the insulation. It has a great thermal mass which could produce comfortable heating and cooling systems for client.

Wall 2

Highly compressed strawbales are laid like large bricks and tied together with wire ties. Strawbales may either form infill between structural posts or may be load-bearing with the right construction technique. Strawbale walls are rendered on both sides to exclude pests and seal against weather.consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in With reverse brick veneer, the brickwork is on the inside of the external walls, while the outside is insulated and cladding.

Roof System

Clerestory Roof and Flat Roof Skylight

W1

1000mm

W3

W4

W5

W11

1200mm

500mm 1200mm

1200mm

900mm

W12

W6

Sliding

GWS

The concrete slab is covered by floating timber

W1

Wall 3

Green Roof

W2

Green roof is an effective way to regulate both external and internal temperature changes because plants have good thermal quality.In addition, greenery can bring about sustainable development and reduce noise inside the house

W3

W10

D8

500mm

2100mm

500mm

500mm W7

W8

W9

With louver

Insulation and Ceiling

Awning W12

W3

W6

W5

W4

W11

W4

D1

D7

Window Framing W1

W7

W2

W9

W8

D5

Wall 2

W2

D2

Types

D2

SHGC

U-Value

Composite frames

2.23

0.39

Aluminium frames

4.2

0.69

D3

D9

Wool Batts Due to the crimped nature of wool fibres, they form millions of tiny air pockets that trap air, helping to provide a thermal barrier. Thermal conductivity is the ability for heat to pass from one side of a material through to the other. It can be both used in wall, roof including (flat, ceiling and pitched roof) and floor

W12

D4

Floor System

W11

D6

Laundry

Cover

W5

Cover W3

W4

W5

Timber frames W6

W11

W10

3.0

0.69

W10

W12

Wall 1

W9

W8

D2

D8

Hinged Door

W6

Concrete Slab

D4

D3

Cover

Tile

D6

D7

2100mm

Sealing Strategy

D9

D5

Hinged Door

Insulation of the slab edge in cooler climates prevents warmth escaping through the edges of the slab.

1070mm 2100mm

2100mm D2

Carpet

Insulation 800mm

940mm

2100mm D1

Floating TImber

W7

Door Schedule 1000mm

Insulation

All of them are using Wool/Polyester batt 80/20 R3.5 for insulation, which is an effecient insulation. As for wall materials themselves, Strawbale has low thermal mass and high insulation, which could keep stable temperature for house. Reverse brick veneer(brick inside) provides a good heating system around the living room

Rain Water Tank Under the decking

All the windows are double glazing and the material is Timber B DGArgon filled -high solar gain -Low e-clear

1000mm 1000mm

Hinged Door

Sealing strategy is important in the house when it has leakage and need to seal to keep cool and heating systems. Usually we can use the infrared ray detector to monitor the air leakage by ourselves, and seal the gap with insulating glue.Besides, we can also use professional techniques such as Blower door tests to test the Manufacture's Air Tighness of buildings.

Legend Wall 1

D1 W1

Wall Door Window

Straw Bale Wall Reverse Brick Wall Floating Timber cover Carpet(above concrete slab) Tile

Sliding Door

Door Framing

All the door are framed by uPVC. By using thin aluminium profiles on the outer sections with either a timber or uPVC (unplasticised polyvinyl chloride) inner section. These combine the low maintenance and durability of aluminium with improved thermal performance

Plaster wall is easy to install. It usually have a cavity in which an insulation layer is to be installed.

Clerestory Roof and flat roof consists of Zincalume, batten with steel sheet. This kind of product is light and easy to install. And the material have long- live lasting.

Sheet steel products are all used in a similar manner: they are either screwed (or sometimes nailed) to wood or steel battens, or they are clipped onto concealed brackets which are screwed to the battens.

At the same time, roof with sarking could reduce the unwanted heat gain.

Clerestory Roof Flat Roof

Wall 3

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student IDďźš1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Straw Bale Wall

Slab- on the ground (Concrete slab) performes good thermal mass. In climates with colder winters, such as Melbourne or the southern highlands of NSW, the deep ground temperature is too low to allow passive solar heating to be effective enough. In these locations, slabs should be insulated underneath, which reduces the amount of heat required to achieve comfortable temperatures.

As for covering, it uses timber in living room, kitchen and corridors (natural materials and low cost). Carpet to store heat and Tile in bath room.

Living room is public space and has more activities, so timber is suitable to install and become natural. In the bedroom, carpet could has thermal insulation and heat conduction. Meanwhile, it could install additional insulation to keep warm in winter such as Solar boosted hydronic heating

The Light Color of Wall

Zoning

Experiments have shown that light-colored walls, especially white walls, absorb less light and give more space for illumination. However, dark color wall will absorbs more light and produce low energy effeciency. Therefore, as for interior walls , it is better to paint white color on the walls and so that the client- old couple and children will feel brighter and gain more light under the electronic light or daylight.

Types

Fan and Light

Color

Dimmable light could adjust the brightness of light in the house. It is a good choice when people stay in their home and don’t want to use too much bright light in their space. Therefore, as for my client who is an old couple with children, it is better to choose to have dimmable light when they stay their house so that the choice of brightness would be flexible and effecient. The main dimmable types of light in the house are down light and fan light.

Bathrooms and Toilet

Bedrooms

Down Light

Wall Light

Down Light

Fan and Light

Laundry

Wall Light

Ceiling Light

Ceiling Light

Corridors and Pantry

Doorway

Down Light

Wall Light

North External wall

Caculation Zoning Kitchen and Living+ Pantry

Wall Light

Figures

The choice of bulb types Dimmable LED

Kitchen and Living

Tri-Colour

Watts

24W(MED)

Lumen

1500

Warm

Warm

Warm

8W

8W

8W

640

695

695

Tri-Colour

24W(MED) 1500

Total Energy(W)

Average Energy (W/m2)

48.0932

104

2.16

Bedrooms

40.59

112

2.75

Warm

Warm

Warm

Bathrooms and Toilet

13.44

57

4.24

18W

8W

10W

10W

Laundry

3.8

18

4.73

1150

695

800

800

Corridors

11.86

32

2.69

LED

LED

5(in front of the door)

10

2

1

2

10.8(along the wall)

20

Cold

Cold

Cold

15W

6W

950

500

Bulb Types

LED

LED

LED

LED

LED

LED

LED

LED

LED

Quantity

2

6

3

2

3

3

2

1

5

The cost of bulb types

Area(m2)

* Reference from: https://onlinelighting.com.au/.

Doorway North External wall

1.85

* All value is less than 5 which meet the standard

2

Renewable power- PV

Washing Mechine

NTD

2

FWO

2

PSU

AC

2

AC

Computer

lighting

2

2

Inventer

Household

PCD

2

LED lasts 5 to 10 times longer and consumes one-fifth the energy. According to the need of my client, the old couple would more like to save the energy and have effecient way of using house energy.

Therefore, based on the cost effeciency, the LED light would save more money because of its long- life usage. Meanwhile, the LED could have more choices when they want to choose the types and color.

2

Fridge

DC

Correlated colour temperature

2

Battery

The color tempereature shows different color and appearance. According to the use of different color of light, the warm white is usuallt used in household rooms, while in bathrooms and laudry, people may use cold white.

2

2

2

2

2 2

2

However, in bathroom and laundry, the house uses cold white. Both warm and cold light have CCT 80-90 for LED light

Laundry 2 2

2

2

2

Ceiling Light and down light

Wall Light

In living, kitchen and bedrooms, it has tri-color adjutable LED fan with light. Triple color light could produce different color of light (from warm to cold), which could be more flexible and comfortable when people stay in the house.

Meanwhile, these lights are dimmable and adjust 3 brightness from dark to bright, which could be effcient and save energy

Exausted Fans

2

Double socket Power Point

External waterproof Power point

PCD

Premise Connection Device

Switchboard

Single Light Switch

Electric Meter

Double Light Switch

FWO

Fibre wall outlet

PV Battery Storage

Triple Light Switch

PSU

Power supply unit

Fire Alarm

NTD

Network Termination Device

Telecom pit

Fan with Light

Electrical Connection

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student IDďźš1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Utility Meter

The PV solar- Panel is used in the north of roof ,which could gain more solar energy and transfer the energy to electricity, used by household.

For installation, the panel could be installed on the ground, on a wall or roof with a frame mount, or integrated into the building fabric. However, due to the solar gain and energy effeciency, most panels are installed on the rooftop. Meanwhile, the array frame should also be considered, shown in figures. Array frames must be designed so that their installation meets Australian wind loading standards under AS/NZS1170.2:2011 The energy consumption daily at home : W/h= 25170.354 wh=25.170354 kwh According to Australia condition, it is better to choose no less than 5kw. It includes at least 17 panels on the roof and occupy at least 17.2 m2(1.6mx1m per panel)

2

Legend

Tri Color Light

Switch Board PV Array 37 degree to north

As for the Patels, in living and kitchen room, as well as in corridos and bedrooms, they mainly use warm light so that the client could feel warm and comfortable brightness.

PV Meter

Electric Pole w and Power Line

Rainwater Collection

Hot water system

Water Usage

The rain water tank also connect the pond wich belongs to outer water usage of the house.

LPD One Person

Your Usage

Daily Usage

Shower

27%

40.5

Kitchen

16%

24

Landry

15%

22.5

Flushing

18%

27

12%

18

Basin

6%

9

Others

6%

9

Bathroom Tap

Total

The water usage shows how people arrange their water usage everyday at home. As for my client, the old couple don’t have to use too much water than the youth. Therefore, their water usage is low than young people, which is probably about 150L per day per person . As we can see, the bathroom uses the most water than the others. And the couple also has garden to water, therefore there is some outer water usage in their house.

Solar HWS The Solar HWS is a very effecient way of producing hot water through the whole house. As for energy, it could gain more green and unlimited energy than gas, which is envrionmental friendly. Meanwhile, as for cost, it could reduce bills and save energy, though it is cost more to buy.

Additionally, the product could realize more long-life use than other energy systems.

Pond

W G SEP

150 L

The solar HWS is usually applied with heat pump as booster when the water cannot be heated enough during cloudy day and winter.

GM

Tank Selection- Bladder

M

Bladders are sealed, flexible sacks that are suitable for subfloor spaces with as little as 600mm height clearance. The Bladder water tank is a good choice of using with the house. It can be installed under the decking and saves more space.

Meanwhile, bladder could collect the water easily and transport the water both to house and garden(shownon the plan of house which is in front of the house).

Boosting Options

Timber Decking

Rain Water Tank (Bladders 2000L)

The water may cannot be heated enough during winter, therefore we need heat pump to heat the water in another way. The heat pump is fixed to the hot water storage tank. The main types of water heaters on the Australian market are gas (natural or LPG) — storage or instantaneous,solar — electric or gas (natural or LPG) boosted,electric — storage or instantaneous.

Filter

Electrical heat pump is a very effecient type of heat pump.Heat pumps circulate heat through the process of evaporation and cooling of refrigerant matter.It is powered by electricity but it could also connect solar panel to gain electricity.

Tankulator and size of Tank- 2000L F DW

Water Saving Solutions WELS Star Rating A WELS star rating label indicates water efficiency for consumers. By checking the water rating, it could bring more effecient way of using water and saving water. The standard includes shower, toilets, washing machine,urinals, taps and flow controllers.The more stars they have , the more effecient water will be harvested

The water tank is bladder. The daily water usage is 150L per person and the house is mainly used by old couple. The couple usage is lower than average, this is mainly because the old couple doesn’t have to use too much water when they stay at home and they have less activities than young people. Therefore the total usage is about 300-340L everyday.

As for selecting the size, it is better to select 2000L water tank for the whole housing water service. And main water will first goes through the water tank and transport to the household including kitchen, laundry, shower and bathroom. Meanwhile, the water tank will also collect the rain water for the use of the housing.

Rain Water Tank (Bladders)

HWS

Down Pipe

Laundry

WM

The down pipe helps water tank to collect the water from the roof. And because the water tank is set under the decking and it is in front of the house.Therefore, it has down pipes which are located at the distance of no more than 9 meters between each other. This is mainly because some of the rain water need to discharge effciently if the roof collects too much rainwater. And since the house green roof, flat roof and sloping roof, some down pipes are set to connect the sloping roof with flat roof.

Wet System

HP

Wet system means Rain Harvesting system (also called a “charged” system), the pipes from the gutters go down the wall and underground, then up into the tank. And in this house, the system of collection is wet system. When the water flow to the ground through down pipes, they will be collected together in the water tank.

Legend

HWS

Main Water Connection

Heat Pump

HP

Stormwater connection

Water flow

Cold water

Rain water tank output

Hot water Pump

Filter

Filter

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

SEP

Site energy PIT

LPD

Legal point of discharge

W

Down Pipe

Hot water system

Water line

M F DW

Water meter

An inefficient showerhead can use between 15L and 25L of water every minute. Water efficient showerheads can save a two-person household at least $160 annually

Using a good tap could save water from leaking. By selecting types, 4 or 5 stars for bathroom basins and 3 or 4 stars for the kitchen sink would be effecient

A 12L single flush toilet with a 4.5/2.2L WELS 6 star toilet in a household of four people could save more than 60,000L of water a year

The highest star rated dishwashers can use less than 1L per place setting. As for old couple. it also could bring convenience for them

Fridge Dish washer

Washing WM machine

G

Gas

GM

Gas meter

Gas Replacement As for a more sustainable system running in the house, it is better to using electricity rather than using more gas. All the Home appliance in the kitchen such as oven, stoves, microwave, their works are all could be replaced by electricity and no gas, which is more safe especially for old couples. Meanwhile, electricity could be sustainable enough for long live use and this kind of electricity is from PV panels. This energy source could save cost from energy.Therefore, there is no need for gas.

Wastewater Produce Wastewater Type

Wastewater Source

L/person/day

Blackwater

Toilet

20

Shower

63

Hand basin

6

Wastewater Type

13

Washing machine

2

Laundry tap

2

Kitchen tap

12

Dish washer

5

W

SEP Pressure Regulator

Total greywater

84

Total wastewater

121

Reuse

Solenoid Valve

As we can see, the wastewater is mostly produced in the shower and handbasin. And total wastewater is about 121L/person/day. Therefore, reusing wastewater is an effecient way of recycling both for greywater and blackwater. And to achieve the role, we have to make sure that minimizing the chemical cleaning and use more natural products during the day.

Plants Selection

Hibiscus

Dietes

Fit for greywater system and easy to plant

Fit for greywater system

Controller

Oveerflow to street Infiltration Trench

Chemical Injector Pump

Garden Drip Irrigation System

Greywater is wastewater from non-toilet plumbing fixtures such as showers, basins and taps. They will be collected for greywater system reuse

Stormwater is the water draining off a site from the rain that falls on the roof and land, and everything it carries with it. In Australia the stormwater system is separate from the sewer system. And some stormwater actually could be reused and serve the house to reduce the waste of the natural water. And after collecting the stormwater, we can use them through rainwater tank. If the tan is overflowed, the stormwater will be transpeorted to LPD

LPD

Main Valve

Outdoor Use

Grey Water System Collection

Pond

Greywater can be reused in gardens with little or no treatment.

For outdoor use, the treated water will be transported to garden drip to maintain the growth of gardening.

The irrigation system has pump and chemical injector at the front of the system and then provides several PVC pipes to connect each garden. It has controller to keep controlling the water use. Also, the Valve and pressure regulators will take in charge of the water in each growing place. As for Plants, it would better to choose plants that are fit for greywater use to grow.

Overflow to storm water

M

all

Other Wastwater

S

S

Ad eq ua te f

Greywater

Stormwater

LPD

Underground pipe

Timber Decking

Rain Water Tank (Bladders 2000L)

Pond

Stormwater Site Plan

GWS Filter Rain Water Tank (Bladders)

Stormwater site plan can help to reduce the stormwater run off from the site. Detain stormwater on the block where practicable through use of permeable paving, pebble paths, infiltration trenches, soakwells, lawns, garden areas and swales.

F DW

No direct excess onto neightbouring lots Fall

Gardenia

Liliope

Fit for greywater system

Fit for greywater system, High ornamental value

Sewer System

Resource from: https://www.australianplantsonline.com.au/.

Sewer system is trying to push the sewage out of the house and transport to main city sewer system for disposal .

Ground reuse HP

HWS

GWS

All Black Water From House

Clarifier Aeration Septic Tank

Treatment Tank

Disinfection

Drain Pipe Slope Laundry

The greywater system has two tanks.

One is septic tank, which is used for collecting all black water and greywater. Then, it will transport the water to treatment tank, which is for treating water and resued by ground and indoor.

Fall of pipe line should be generally in the range of 1:60 to 1:20.Most of the house chooses minimum distance sewrage pipe which is laid from a wall.

WM

If the drain pipe is not going down, it may be blocked due to the internal discharge speed and debris.

Legend

Indoor Use and Precautions When the house has no enough rainwater, the greywater is a good way of meeting the need of household.And treated greywater can be reused for toilet flushing and clothes washing, two of a household’s biggest users of water.

But there are some precautions: Greywater must be treated and disinfected before storage and general reuse. And it may contain significant numbers of pathogens that spread disease. We should begin to turn septic and smell if stored for longer than 24 hours untreated.

Sewer Pipes Main Water Connection

Hot water system

Stormwater connection

Water flow

Cold water

Greywater System output

Hot water Pump

HWS

Sewer Vent

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student IDďźš1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

SEP

Site energy PIT

LPD

Legal point of discharge

W

Water line

M F DW

The sewer pipe passing through or under the wall must be suitably located to avoid damage or breakage

Water meter Fridge Dish washer

Washing WM machine

G

Gas

GM

Gas meter

Vent Vent is useful for getting rid of the smell from the house and allowing fresh air access into the sewer pipes to keep the balance of the pressure in drainage system.

Heating System

Passive Heating Strategies

Heatin System is a very important system in the house. And as for my client, they need good heating and cooling system to keep healthy. At the same time, they want some effecient energy to maintain the sustainability system through the whole site. Therefore, the house should has heating strategies both in passive heating and appliance heating design.

Zoning Analysis

The passive heating strategies provide effecient and natural heating system in the house.

Deciduous trees Pergola

1. The concrete slab has high thermal mass which could absorb the heat during the day and release at night.

Bedroom

2. Water not only has high thermal mass, but also could adjust tempereture by absorbing and releasing heat, which could be more flexible both for house and environment. Water tank also has the same effect as it is filled with water

Living& Kitchen Corridor Bathroom and Toilet Lanudry

Space Usage for heating

Rain Water Tank Under the decking

GWS

Naural Ground

Pond

Rainwater Tank and GWS

Concrete Slab

necessary

3. Deciduous trees and vines will lose leaves and pergola could let sunlight access into the house during the winter,, increasing solar contact in the living room

Bedroom3 Panel

Living Room

Hydronic Heated Panel

Working Process：

Heat Pump

Bedroom1 Panel

Bedroom2 Panel

Product Selection： Heat Panel Radiator: Name: Low Surface Temperature (LST) Panel Radiators Heat method: Circulating hot water dissipates heat Chracteristics: Safe for the old and children Resource from: https://www.hydroheat.com.au/product_item/henrad-panel-radiators/#prettyPhoto

GWS

Reason：

A/C A/C

As for The Patels, they usually get sick at home and they want good heating and cooling system.

Therefore, it is good to use hydronic panel at home because it keeps stable warm temperature.

Also, the reason for only setting the panel in the bedroom but not in living room is that, although the air conditioner is the most economical, its noise is relatively large, which is not suitable for the elderly to use in the bedroom.On the contrary, the heated panel is very quiet and heated water can be heated by renewable energy, which is very cheap for optional cost and healthy

Hydronic Heated Towel

As for my client and the house, the old couple likes very good heating and cooling system.

As for circulation area, the most space that could be used is living room, so living room is very important to design heating system.

Next is bedroom, the bedroom should also have a very good heating system to keep warm in the winter.

Resource from: https://www.applian esonline.com.au/product/stiebel-eltron-wwk222h-hot-water-heat-pump

Hydronic Heating Panel uses hot water which comes from heat pump to have a looped system.

It will provide stable warmth through the building. It is also a environmental friendly system as the heating process is run by electricity.And some heat pumps may also could heat the water from solar energy indirectly, which is an effeciet enrgy resource

Unnecessary

Rain Water Tank (Under decking)

Heat Pump: Name: 220L Hot Water Heat Pumpconditioner Fuel Type： ELectricity Chracteristics: Quiet Encased Compressor

A/C

Then it comes to bathoom, we also have to ensure that the bathroom has effecient heat when they are taking shower.

Bathroom

The laundry and corridors area are less important in designing heating system, as they may not be used often, so we don’t have to design some heating system or includes their space.

Hydronic Towel Rail

Working Process： Heat Pump

Bathroom

T

H

Heating Strategies

Bathroom Heated Towel Rail

Living Room

Reverse Cycle Air Conditioning

Working Process: Split System

Controller Cold Air T

Heat Pump Hydronic Heated Towel

Product Selection：

HP

H

Living Room AC

Name: Oceanus Towel Warmer Heat method: Circulating hot water dissipates heat

HWS H

Warm Air

T

Resource from: https://www.hydroheat.com.au/product_item/oceanus-white-heated-towel-warmer/#prettyPhoto

Heated towel rail allows the frames to keep warmth. Makes the temperature stable in the bathroom

Reason：

Kitchen AC Outer Condenser

Product Selection： Name: Split System Energy-efficient air conditioner Power: 2.5 kw each(One 2.5 kw for 20-40m2) Energy Star Rating (Heating): 5 stars

Separated Loops. between HWS and HP: Separated loops can be responsible for different heating systems. Conventinal solar HWS will heat water for shower or the faucet. HP will heat water for warmth. And HP could also connect HWS to supply hot water, if the solar energy is not enough

Air Sourced Heat Pump

Legend

Reference from: https://www.appliancesonline.com.au/product/fujitsu-astg09kuca-2-5kw-reverse-cycle-split-system-inverter-air-conditioner

Working Process： Cold air connection

Description: In the living room, the total area is 48m2, so we have two conditioner both in living room and kitchen. And each area is 24m2, so it will choose 2.5 kw conditioner to heat. As required in Energy Star Rating, the higher mark has high effeciency. Therefore, it would be better to look for 5+ stars conditioner

Hydronic Heated Towel

Warm air connection

HWS

Cold water connection

HP

Hot water connection T

H

Heat Panel Radiator

A/C

Reason： AC ususlly has high reacticity. And as the old couple wants to save cost for their house and have good heating system, AC is one of the good choices , because it has lower cost both in capital and operational. Meanwhile, the conditional is mostly powered by electricity, which could connect solar panels to produce and achieve evironmental friendly. But AC sometimes gets dry air , so for sleeping area could be running with another system

In the bathroom, it is better to use towel rail than bathroom heater(light heating system), because towel rail is more effecient for heating by using hot water to heat. It connects the heat pump from laundry. Also, the heating process is more stable than lighting, which is safe for elderly people.

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Hydronic heated towel rail

A/C

Power needed for electric panel

Hot water system Heat Pump Reverse cycle split system

Convertor

GWS

The electrical heat pump extracts heat from the air to create hot water.

The electricity will help heat pump to heat water whenever in rainy or winter day when conventional solar hot water system cannot gain heat from the sun, but some products could connect energy from the sun indirectly to gain effecient energy saving.

Product Selection：Name: 220L Hot Water Heat Pumpconditioner Fuel Type： ELectricity Chracteristics: Quiet Encased Compressor

Greywater system

Rain Water Tank Under the decking

Reason：

Resource from: https://www.applian esonline.com.au/product/stiebel-el-

They operate on electricity but are roughly three times more efficient than a conventional electric water heater. As the old couple wants to save energy, heat pump is a good choice for heating system

Cooling System

Passive Heating Strategies

Cooling System is also a very important system in the house to adjust temperature comfortably in the summer. As for my client, the old couple needs very good heating and cooling system. Therefore, it has two strategies from passive and appliannce heating design. And every strategy has different effect on how it works

Zoning Analysis

Skylight Deciduous trees

Deciduous Vines

Pergola

Bedroom Living& Kitchen

2. Water also has high thermal mass from pond, but also could adjust tempereture by absorbing heat, which could be more flexible both for house and environment.

Water tank also has the same effect as it is filled with water

Green Roof

3. Ventilation: Skylight Windows can satisfy the requirement of Stack ventilation which is usually happened with tempereature difference.Opening Windows on both sides of a room or on the same wall will form single and two sided ventilation

Skylight

Corridor Bathroom and Toilet Lanudry

Shading: 4. Deciduous trees and vines could block the sunlight during summer as the sun is higher than winter.

Rain Water Tank Under the decking

GWS

Window

6. Adjustable Louvers could block sunlight to get into the house, reducing heat. It is better to be located on the east and west sides of the building and vertical louvers in the north are good choices.

1. The concrete slab has high thermal mass which could absorb the heat during the day and cool down the house

Naural Ground Rainwater Tank and GWS

Concrete Slab

Pond

5. Eaves are generally the simplest and least expensive shading method and are all that is required on most single-storey houses. It could prevent sun light access into the house directly

Solar Panels

Flat Roof Gable Roof

7. Green Roof is an effective way to regulate both external and internal temperature changes because plants have good thermal quality

Product Selection： Name: Split System Energy-efficient air conditioner Power: 2.5 kw each(One 2.5 kw for 20-40m2) Energy Star Rating (Heating): 5 stars Area: One AC for 20-40m2

Space Usage for heating Within the house, living room, kitchen and bed room are still most important space to consider cooling system, because they are main circulation area for people. As for old couple, they want to save energy and cost in their life. Therefore, they should use more effecient appliance

Unnecessary

Reference from: https://www.appliancesonline.com.au/product/fujitsu-astg09kuca-2-5kw-reverse-cycle-split-system-inverter-air-conditio ner

A/C A/C

A/C

Reason： AC ususlly has high reacticity. And AC could realize zoning possible around the

Living Room

Bathroom

A/C

Heating Strategies

house. As for the requirement of the Patels, they want to save the cost from their system. Therefore, AC is a good choice for cooling system. It costs very cheaply both in capital and operation costs, compared to other cooling products.

A/C

necessary

Meanwhile, the AC product could be used for both heating and cooling system. It also could gain energy from solar panel and electricity directly, which is evironmental friendly and renewable energy. This system is fit for old couple as they want to save energy

Reverse Cycle Air Conditioning

Working Process: Split System (Living Room)

Living Room Controller

Fan with light

Working Process:

A/C

Air

Bathroom

A/C

Living Room AC

HP

HWS

Cold Air

Kitchen AC Outer Condenser

Product Selection： Name: Fan and Light Power: 20.5-52.9 W(fan) Energy : electricity

Legend

Working Process: Split System(Bedroom Room)

Cold Air

A/C

Condensor (Indoor unit)

HWS

Hot water system

GWS

Greywater System

HP

Heat Pump

Ventilation Bedroom 1

Cold Air

Ventilation Cold Air connection Air connection

Air

Air

Bedroom 3

A/C

Bedroom 2

Controller

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Outside Units

Power needed for electric panel

Description: Fans are powered by electricity. Fan actually cannot cool down the house directly, but it can use the airflow to increase ventilation and passive cooling. The fan system is very cheap in operational cost, so fans are also one of the most popular products used in the house.

Reference from: https://onlinelighting.com.au/.

Reason：

As for the Patels, they want to save the cost for their systems, so fans is a very good choice to be used in cooling system, though it cannot cool down the house directly but increasing ventilation. Fans are also very easy to install and it is powered by electricity, which provides environmental protection energy.

Short- term Strategies

Designing for Resilience Covid-19 Response

Change Function of House

2

Change Gardening Types

Underground pipe

1

Pond

Nowadays, the convid-19 has impacted a lot in people’s life from different aspects. It has changed the people’s ways of living potentially. But under the the pandemic as it is more like a short-term influence, we also have to consider that we still have long-term problems such as global warming to solve. In order to improve the life with more ecological sustainaility, we need to consider achieving both a single and common sustainable effects in a more complex situation, providing more flexible energy supply and housing measures for our residence in the future

Dietes

Gardenia

Hibiscus

Storage Locker

Ornamental

Indoor Gym

Liliope Crops

Pressure Regulator

Current Limitations Regular Time

Indoor

no limitation

Outdoor

Work

Social Life

Covid-19 Stay at home, people have to be isolated if they are infected will be eased to 9pm to 5am, can only be outside if : buying food , approved work，sports

no limitations

Approved work could go outside, otherwise will stay at home

no limitations

Can only have no more than 2 poeple social gathering or family gathering for no more than 2 hours

no limitations

Rest Sleep Seeing grandchildren Eating and cooking Gardening Zoning off some parts of the house

Flexible

2. Density

Main Valve Controller Chemical Injector

Differences of Using House

Pump

Spinach

Bokchoy

Leek

Spring Onion

Coriander

Although the Patels can use delivery to get their food sources, but they are at risk of infection due to the contact of the people who transport them, and the elderly are prone to illness.Therefore, during COVID-19, the plant species in gardening can be changed temporarily. The change from ornamental plant to crop is a good choice to be safe and supplement some food sources

As for lock down, my client cannot go outside in most of the time, so we have more time staying at home. And therefore it has changed some different use of the house from regular time

Regular Time

Based on the Patels 1. Functions

Solenoid Valve

1. Reduce dining room and add storage locker. As the Patels cannot meet their children, there is no need to reduce the area of dining room and leave the space for kitchen and storage, as they may cook by themselves 2. Change one bedroom to Gym. The old couple usually get sick and under the lock down, they may not have enough chances to exercise. Meanwhile, as there is no guest come visit the house, some bedrooms have no use. Therefore, it can be changed to indoor gym for old couple to exercise. Also, the house add a window from north wall to gain solar access

Redesign Strategies - Long term Green Wall

GWS

2

Rain Water Tank (Under decking）

Storage Locker

Activities

Convid-19

Indoor Gym

1

Rest Sleep No actual social contact Study or Work Cooking food , Storing food Storing supplies Gardening Walking within the house or site

Green Wall Type: Passive — epiphytes Green wall could give the Patels more comfortable living system and long term effeciency during covid-19.

1. Indoor Green Wall. Green walls can abosrb CO2 and oxygenate the air. It also improves indoor air quality by acting as filters, trapping dust and absorbing pollutants such as volatile organic compounds that may be given off by carpets, paints, adhesives and sealants.

2. External Green Wall. It is located in west, north and east wall, which could gain solar energy to grow. Green wall can be seen as a vertivcal landscaping, similar to green roof.

And green wall has low thermal mass, which could absorb heat and release heat effeciently. It can avoid air quality problems caused by bushFilre for example, increasing species and stabilize ecosystems. Inaddition, it can adjust temperature to prevent heat wave

Use More Renewable Energy - Wind(grid connected)

Restricted

Storage Locker

Fridge

UV Disinfection water system

Indoor Gym

Washing

Solar Wind Hydronic Controller

Demand in different buildings during covid-19

Year

HP

3. Energy Usage Electricity The total energy usage decreased a little bit, compared with 2019

HWS

Computer

lighting

Solar Panel

2020 2019

Residence

The need of electricity at night has incresed

The residential electric energy incresed a lot among all types of buildings

UV Disinfection water system

Global warming

Indoor Living

Less rainfall: Botany, dry air, water supply

Outdoor Activities(restrictions)

increasing sea level: As the glaciers melt, the germs spread

House energy

Heatwave: Biological habits

Resource Use

Bushfire: Harmful gas,The respiratory system CO2

Covid-19 has a great impact on people's lives. We are also changing how to use existing energy more effectively to save energy consumption at home. At the same time, under the influence of the current climate, we should also find a strategy that can solve the two problems together. Through the network, we can discover the problems that need to be solved together under the influence of the pandemic and climate. Some of these problems are direct factors, and some are indirect.

Battery

Ultra Violet (UV) light disinfection is one water treatment system that can be used to remove most forms of microbiological contamination from drinking water. As for old couple often get sick, and with the globa warming, melting glaciers and some bacteria contained in sewage or grey water treated water can be effectively treated by ultraviolet light.

This system let the elderly be able to receive purified water and be healthier. It is powered by eectricity , which is environmental friendly.

Influence between covid-19 and Climate Change Covid-19

Pure Sin Wave Inventor

Wind Turbine

Household

Mechine

Legend HWS

HP

Greywater connection

GWS

Greywater System

Hot water system Heat Pump

Wind Power

Student Name : CHUYIN QI

Studio Number: 17

Student ID：1020385

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Rain Water Tank Under the decking

Rain water Tank

Wind system is a grid connected system, with battery storage. According to Melbourne wind speed, the wind is strong in melbourne. Therefore, it is a good way to add another renewable energy - wind power system(with battery) to transfer the wind power to electricity. The battery also connect solar panel to gain electricity together for household. As for the2020’s electric energy is higer at night than 2019. It is quite effecient because whether it is under covid-19 or for long term use, it will save more bills for the Patels, as they all can store the electricity to use. Meanwhile, it allows the wind system owner to send electricity back to the grid when excess electricity is produced, and draw electricity from the grid when more is needed.

Environmental Building Systems - ABPL20036 Semester 2 - 2020

First Rate Energy Assessment Project Information Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date

Walls Type

New Home 21 Melbourne RO Suburban The Patels

Area (m2)

Straw Bale 450mm Finished Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall

3.5 3.5

111.1 128.8

Reverse Brick Veneer

3.5

43.6

Outer Western Suburb

Floors

YOUR NAME HERE! 13/09/2020

Type

Insulation

CSOG: Slab on Ground

Energy Usage Mode

Energy (MJ/m2) 33.3

4.0

5.2

Framed:Flat - Flat Framed (Metal Deck)

Green Roof

Areas Size (m2)

0.0

Cooling (MJ/m2)

Total Cooling (MJ)

Bed 1

11.4

42.6

484.2

1.1

12.5

Kitchen/Living

48.1

18.5

887.9

12.9

618.5

Corridor 1 Corridor 2

5.6 6.3

34.9

194.8

0.6

3.6

54.0

339.3

1.5

9.2

Bed 2 Bed 3

12.0 17.2

52.6

633.0

1.1

13.4

90.9

1561.8

0.9

15.7

Ensuite

5.1

33.0

169.6

0.0

0.0

Laundry WC

3.8 2.3

Bath

6.0

Student Name: CHUYIN QI

Area (m2)

3.8 3.2

91.8 26.0

U-value

TIM-004-03 W Timber B DG Air Fill High Solar Gain low-E 2.30 -Clear

Total Heating (MJ)

117.8

Insulation

Type

12.1

Heating (MJ/m2)

Area (m2)

Windows

105.7

Zones Area (m2)

encl

Type

Area Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area

Ventilation

Roof/Ceiling

38.5

Total Heating Cooling

Zone

Insulation

SHGC 0.32

Area (m2) 21.74

Window Directions Direction N

Area (m2) Direction Area (m2) Direction Area (m2) Direction Area (m2) 13.44 E 4.68 S 1.85 W 1.8

Roof/Ceiling Penetration Type Downlight Exhausted Fan

Student Number: 1020385

Location Quantity Living&Kitchen&Cor 12 rido & Pantry Bathroom&Toilet&En 3 suit

Final Star Rating: 8.5

Sealed yes yes

Area (m2)