HESI A&P Questions with Answers.

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Blood is prevented from changing direction in the veins by: A) pressure from the heart B) valves C) suction from the heart D) none of the above B

The liquid part of the blood is called A) plasma B) blood fluid C) serous fluid D) none of the above A

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Blood cells that are responsible for transportation of oxygen are called A) leukocytes B) thrombocytes C) erythrocytes D) none of the above C

What is the thyroid cartilage commonly known as ?

A) vocal box B) Adam's apple C) vocal cords D) none of the above B

When exhaling, the diaphragm A) Relaxes B) contracts Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) does nothing D) none of the above A

Which bone forms the rib cage og the thoracic region with the ribs?

A) sternum B) fibula C) occipital bone D) none of the above A

the humerus and ulna form the A) shoulder joint B) elbow joint C) wrist joint D) none of the above B Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

The patella is also called A) breastbone B) Kneecap C) finger bone D) none of the above B

The bone that is stationary during the movement is called the: A) insertion B) agonist C) origin D) none of the above C

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How many origin does a quadriceps have?

A) 4 B) 5 C) 3 D) none of the above A

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions?

A) the pons B) the cerebral cortex C) the cerebellar cortex D) none of the above B

How many thoracic spinal nerves are in the human body?

A) 8 B) 9 Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) 12 D) none of the above C

In which region of the small intestine are most of the nutrients absorbed?

A) the jejunum B) the ileum C) the duodenum D) none of the above A

Testes are an organ found in A) females B) plants C) males D) amoebas C Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

What are the two main parts of the human body's central nervous system?

A) the heart and the spinal cord B) the brain and the spinal cord C) the peripheral nerves and the brain D) the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves B

When measuring blood pressure, the numbers represent: A) the systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively B) the diastolic and systolic pressures, respectively C) the pressure in the arteries and the veins, respectively D) none of the above A

The superior vena cava A) ascends from the right atrium B) ascends from the left atrium Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) descends from the right atrium D) none of the above A

The rectum is a part of : A) the anus B) the large intestine C) the small intestine D) none of the above B

Where does digestion start?

A) the stomach B) the small intestine C) the mouth D) none of the above C Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

The large intestine mainly: A) absorbs water B) digests food C) moves the food from the esophagus to the small intestine D) none of the above A

What is the name of the process that happens in the red bone marrow?

A) hematopoiesis B) bone fusing C) calcification D) none of the above A

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The vertebral column protects the A) brain B) heart C) spinal column D) none of the above C

In the digestive system, the majority of nutrients are absorbed in the: A) esophagus B) stomach C) small intestine D) large intestine C

What are the motor units made of A) motor neurons B) muscle cells Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) tendons D) none of the above B

What is the name of a state of constant muscle contraction caused by rapid successive nerve signals?

A) tetanus B) muscle tone C) temporal summation D) none of the above A

Where does integration happen?

A) ANS B)CNS C) PNS D) none of the above Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

B

Which part of the PNS is accountable for the flight reaction?

A) the parasympathetic B) the sympathetic C) the ENS D) none of the above B

People who suffer from Type I diabetes are lacking function in which organ?

A) liver B) pancreas C) stomach D) heart B

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In the human body, which of the following is responsible for clotting blood?

A) platelets B) white blood cells C) red blood cells D) osteoplasts A

The tidal volume is the amount of air moved during: A) deep breathing B) shallow breathing C) coughing D) none of the above B

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At what rate does a healthy heart pump blood while resting A) around 3 liters per minute B) around 5 liters per minute C) around 8 liters per minute D) around 10 liters per minute B

Which of the layers of the wall of the heart contains cardiac muscles?

A) myocardium B) epicardium C) endocardium D) all layers of the heart A

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is: A) the left atrium B) the right ventricle Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) the right atrium D) the left ventricle D

The blood from the left ventricle goes to: A) the right ventricle B) the vena cava C) the aorta and aortic arch D) the lungs C

The blood vessels that carry the blood from the heart are called: A) veins B) venules C) capillaries D) arteries D Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

All of the following contribute material to semen except: A) the prostate B) Cowper's gland C) the penis D) the testes C Fertilization typically takes place in the: A) fallopian tubes B) ovaries C) uterus D) cervix A

Which of the following statements about the placenta is not true?

A) The placenta serves as part of the endocrine system because it releases hormones.

B) The placenta provides nutrients to the fetus Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C) The placenta develops from the outer layer of cells on the blastocyst.

D) The placenta is expelled during the menstrual cycle if fertilization does not take place D

Which gland(s) indirectly controls growth by acting on the pituitary?

A) hypothalamus B) thyroid C) adrenal glands D) parathyroid glands A

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characterstic?

A) melatonin B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) estrogen D) testosterone Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

D

A patient experiencing symptoms such as kidney stones and arthritis due to calcium imbalance probably has a disorder of which gland?

A) hypothalamus B) thyroid C) parathyroid D) adrenal glands C

Food passes through all of the following organs except: A) stomach B) large intestine C) esophagus D) liver D

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How many pair(s) of salivary glands are in the human body?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 C

The esophagus peroforms all of the fowling functions exception: A) connecting the pharynx to the stomach

B) Preventing stomach acid from reaching the pharynx C) pushing food into the stomach D) moving food from the stomach to the small intestine D

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Which layer of the stomach contains blood vessel and nerves A) the mucosa B) the submucosa C)the serosa D) the cardia B

Bile is strored in the A) LIVER B) duodeum C) gallbladder D) pancreas C

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Which of the following forms the CNS with the brain?

A) the peripheral nerves B) the sensory organs C) the spinal cord D) the cerebral cortex C

The part of the neuron that is mainly responsible for transporting information from the cell is called the A) soma B) axon C) dendrites D) sulci B

The neurons that signal muscles to contract are called A) neuroglia Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

B) afferent neurons C) interneurons D) efferent neurons D

Cerebrospinal fluid can be found in all of the following except: A) arachnoid mater B) the central canal C) the ventricles D) the subarachnoid space A

The hypothalamus is located in the: A) mesencephalon B) rhombencephalon C) prosencephalon D) pineal gland Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

C

Which type of muscle is found in the blood vessels?

A) cardiac muscle B) skeletal muscle C) visceral muscle D) Type IIA C

Cardiac muscle is : A) involuntary muscle B) voluntary muscle C) both D) neither A

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Tendons always attach skeletal muscle to bone: A) along the entire length of the bone B) at one end only C) at both ends D) on at least one end D

Myofibrils: A) store sugars B) are found only in smooth muscle C) make up the sacrolemma D) cause muscle contractions D

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How many bones do adults have?

A) 201 B) 206 C) 222 D) 300 B Which is the strongest type of skeletal muscle?

A) type I B) type II A C) type II B D) type III C

Stem cells can be found in the: A) red bone marrow B) periosteum C) compact bones D) cartilaginous joints A

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The long bones are the main bones of the A) limbs B) thoracic cage C) scull D) vertebral column A

The jawbone is called the A) mandible B) cranium C) hyoid D) ulna A

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The primary opening for breathing in and out is: A) the nose B) the mouth C) the skin pores D) the pharynx A The second vertebral in the chest region is called: A) L2 B) L3 C) T2 D) T3 C

The air that we breathe in through the mouth enters the throat at the: A) nasopharynx B) oropharynx C) laryngopharynx D) larynx B

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The air that we breathe in through the mouth enters the throat at the: A) nasopharynx B) oropharynx C) laryngopharynx D) larynx D

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 B

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Bronchioles branch from the: A) primary bronchi B) secondary bronchi C) tertiary bronchi D) quaternary bronchi C

At what rate does a healthy heart pump blood while resting?

A) around 3 liters per minute B) around 5 liters per minute C) around 8 liters per minute D) around 10 liters per minute B

pithelial cells A) neurons and connective tissue cells B) framework of body, providing support and structure for the organs C) cover, line, and protect the body and internal organs D) can contract or shorten

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C) cover, line, and protect the body and internal organs Connective tissue A) neurons and connective tissue cells B) framework of body, providing support and structure for the organs C) cover, line, and protect the body and internal organs D) can contract or shorten B) framework of body, providing support and structure for the organs Nerve tissue A) neurons and connective tissue cells B) framework of body, providing support and structure for the organs C) cover, line, and protect the body and internal organs D) can contract or shorten A) neurons and connective tissue cells Muscle tissue A) neurons and connective tissue cells B) framework of body, providing support and structure for the organs C) cover, line, and protect the body and internal organs D) can contract or shorten D) can contract or shorten

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The hindquarters Structures toward the center of the body Closer to the head Closer to the feet Closer to the head All cells consist of ___ and ___ and are able to synthesize proteins.

DNA and RNA Nucleic acid and cytoplasm Cell membranes and sex organs Tendons and ligaments DNA and RNA Connective tissues refer to: Layers of skin and membranes Smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscles Bone tissue, fat, blood, ligaments, tendons, and blood vessels Bone tissue, blood, fat, ligaments, cartilage, tendons, and lymph Bone tissue, blood, fat, ligaments, cartilage, tendons, and lymph Interphase refers to: The thickening of the chromatin into chromosomes and the disintegration of the nuclear membrane during the formation of cytoskeleton parts The preparation of the cell for division by replication of its cytoplasmic and genetic material Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

The pulling apart of sister cells into daughter chromosomes The splitting of the cell into two cells, in which the cell begins to furrow The preparation of the cell for division by replication of its cytoplasmic and genetic material During the first phase of meiosis, chromosomes...

Cross over and exchange genetic material, forming four chromatids Cross over and disintegrate into chromosomes Split into daughter cells, which are haploid Revert to chromatic as the cellular membrane is pinched Cross over and exchange genetic material, forming four chromatids The adrenal cortex functions to: Raise and lower blood sugar and carbohydrate metabolism Raise and lower blood pressure Regulate growth and development Monitor blood sugar level and aid in protein and lipid metabolism Monitor blood sugar level and aid in protein and lipid metabolism The sympathetic nervous system functions to: Regulate emergency or stressful situations Return the body to a normal state following emergency or stressful situations Control the five senses Control the movement of the skeletal system Regulate emergency or stressful situations Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure? arteries arteriole venule vein Of the given structures, veins have the lowest blood pressure. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood from the outlying parts of the body to the heart Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate? central nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system distal nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate. It slows down the heart rate, dilates the blood vessels, and increases the secretions of the digestive system.

In which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranges in a disorderly manner? cardiac smooth skeletal rough Smooth muscle tissue is said to be arranged in disorderly fashion because it is not striated like the other two types of muscle: cardiac and skeletal. Striations are lines that can only be seen with Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

a microscope. Smooth muscle is typically found in the supporting tissues of hollow organs and blood vessels.

Which force motivates filtration in the kidneys?

Osmosis Smooth Muscle Contraction Peristalsis Blood Pressure The force of blood pressure motivates filtration in the kidneys How much of a female's blood volume is composed of red blood cells?

10% 25% 40% 70% Forty percent of a female blood volume is composed of red blood cells. Red blood cells, otherwise known as erythrocytes, are large and do not have a nucleus. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and carry oxygen throughout the body.

Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? alveoli bronchi larynx pharynx Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, the minute air sacs on the interior of the lungs.

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Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse? cell body axon neuron myelin Axons carry action potential in the direction of synapses. Axons are the long, fiberlike structures that carry information from the neurons. Electrical impulses travel along the body of the axons, some of which are up to a foot long.

Where is the parathyroid glad located? neck back side brain The parathyroid gland is located in the neck, directly behind the thyroid gland. It is responsible for the metabolism of calcium. It is part of the endocrine system. When the supply of calcium in blood diminishes to unhealthy levels, the parathyroid gland motivates the secretion of a hormone that encourages the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream, The parathyroid gland also regulates the amount of phosphate in the blood by stimulating the excretion of phosphates in the urine.

What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood? osmosis Davis Craig | Beststudy Academics (daviscraig2304@gmail.com/beststudy284@gmail.com)

diffusion dissipation reverse osmosis In the lungs, oxygen is transported from the air to the blood through the process of diffusion.

Specifically, the alveolar membranes withdraw the oxygen from the air in the lungs into the bloodstream.

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