King Richard III Process Booklet

PROCESS BOOKLET ARCH 2060

P17155737

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

ROMAN/MEDIEVAL WALLED AREA MEDIEVAL VILLAGES TO 1830 TO 1914 TO 1939 TO 1970 AFTER 1970 LEICESTER PRINCIPAL URBAN AREA CITY BOUNDARY

EXCAVATED CEMETRY AREAS RECORDED INHUMATION BURIAL RECORDED CREMATION BURIAL RECORDED MOSAICS

The town was sited at an important river crossing along the Fosse Way, a major Roman road which linked Lincoln to the north-east with Exeter to the south-west. After the Roman conquest of Britain in CE 43, a fort housing a small military garrison was possibly established at Leicester, or Ratae as it was known to the Romans. Roman occupation seems to have first developed as a continuation of the existing Iron Age settlement and the remains of timber buildings and streets of the period have been found on excavations across the city.

STUDENT GROWTH IN LEICESTER

NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN LEICESTER 2001

UNIVERSETIES CASTLE WARD

16-200 200-384 384-568 568-752 752-936 936-1120

NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN LEICESTER 2011

UNIVERSETIES CASTLE WARD

22-296 296-571 571-845 845-1120 1120-1394 1394-1669

IT IS EVIDENT FROM THE GROWTH OF THE STUDENT POPULATION IN LEICESTER THAT THE ARTS CENTRE MUST BE SUITABLE FOR A YOUNGER AUDIENCE AS WELL. THE ARTS CENTRE SHOULD BE AN AREA FOR STUDENTS TO LEARN AND ALSO BE CREATIVE.

GREEN AREA

NON DOMESTIC HERBACEOUS VEGETATION NON DOMESTIC TREES AND SHRUBS DOMESTIC GARDENS

Map displaying greenspace coverage within the city of Leicester and the distribution of data loggers across the city.: Closed squares indicate location of data loggers in domestic gardens, closed triangles indicate location of data loggers beneath non-domestic herbaceous vegetation, and closed circles indicate location of data loggers beneath non-domestic trees and shrubs.

DISTRIBUTION OF GREEN SPACES

LOCAL CLIMATE

AVERAGE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

MAX

MIN

AVG

AVERAGE RAINFALL AMOUNT (MM)

RAIN

DAYS

MAX AND AVERAGE WIND SPEED AND GUST

MAX WIND AVG GUSTAVG WIND

CLOUD AND HUMIDITY

CLOUD (%) HUMIDITY (%)

LOCAL GARDENS

JUBILEE SQUARE AREA: 5,259.82 M2 BENCHES: 6

LEICESTER LE1 5LB

CATHEDRAL GARDENS

AREA: 2,754.96 M2 BENCHES: 4

1 ST. MARTINS EAST, LEICESTER LE1 5DB

LOCAL GARDENS WERE A KEY PART OF THE DESIGN PROCCESS. THE NEW GARDEN TO BE BUILT NEXT TO THE KING RICHARD III AIM TO HAVE DIRECT LINK WITH THE LOCAL GARDENS SUCH AS JUBILEE SQUARE AND THE CATHEDRAL GARDENS. BASED ON JAN GEHL’S VISION OF WHAT A GOOD PUBLIC SPACE SHOULD CONSIST OF BOTH OF THESE GARDENS HAVE A GOOD SELECTION OF GREEN PATHCES BECHES AND SECONDARY SEATING.

LOCAL MATERIALS

KING RICHARD III VISITOR CENTRE

KOLUMBA BRICKWORK

DISTRESSED BRASS

6-8 ST. MARTINS STREET

LEICESTER RED BRICK

SLATE

CATHEDRAL GARDENS

CONCRETE

STONE

SITE CONSTRAINTS The site is difficult to redesign because it is adjacent to multiple buildings of historical interest. The design must respect these features such as the local Georgian and Gothic architecture. The site is also secluded from the main street which means the garden must be a focal point to draw in people’s attention.

SITE TO BE DEVELOPED

KING RICHARD III VISITOR CENTRE

ACCESSIBILITY

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

VEHICULAR ACCESS

SUN PATH SUMMER

WINTER

DAWN SUNRISE SOLAR NOON SUNSET DUSK

DAWN SUNRISE SOLAR NOON SUNSET DUSK

The sun path had to be taken into consideration in main because of the amphitheatre and the viewing of the spectators but also to ensure that the coffee shop gets enough sunlight during the day.

E

W

SUMMER SOLSTICE

WINTER SOLSTICE

QUALITY OF LIGHT

QUALITY OF LIGHT ON 21ST OF JUNE

QUALITY OF LIGHT ON 21ST OF DECEMBER

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT ORIGINAL COFFEE SHOP PLACEMENT

Initial coffee shop placement was rejected due to the lack of access and visibility from the street. The position was also unsuitable for a panoramic view of the burial site of King Richard III and his current grave.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT

This coffee shop position was later rejected due to lack of access and visibility from the street and because it blocked off all of the sunlight from entering the King Richard III Visitor Centre. The central position was also an obstacle for landscaping

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT FINAL COFFEE SHOP PLACEMENT

This coffee shop position was the most ideal because it can be accessed and seen easily from the street. It also didn’t invade any of the privacy of the surrounding buildings. This position allows a 360 degree view of the Cathedral and Visitor Centre, linking history with the present.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT SHEARING PROCESS

The bottom floor is sheared and angled towards the King Richard III Visitor Centre to provide a direct link with the new building by directly framing the Centre opposite.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT WINDOW OPENINGS

Ceiling to floor windows on the ground floor allow light to flood the cafe and bring the outdoor space indoor thanks to the use of bifold doors.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT OVERLAPPING FIRST FLOOR

The addition of the fist floor provides extra seating and creates 69 square metres of additional space bringing the total net floor area to 130 square metres

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT SKEWING PROCESS

The top floor is angled and skewed where King Richard III was discovered and buried and it is a subtle reference to the King’s scoliosis of his backbone.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT WINDOW OPENINGS

The top floor windows perfectly frame the cathedral spire and link the coffee shop to the historical elements of the site.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT BENDING PROCESS

The top floor is extended to the south to create a more balanced cantilever and therefore a more stable structure.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT BENDING PROCCESS

An angled pitched roof has been added to get rid of the rainwater. Light wells have been icluded due to the lack of direct sunlight at certain times of the day.

CAFE FORM DEVELOPMENT FINAL COFFEE SHOP FORM

The final coffee shop position and form is different compared to the context but has elements that link it and blend it with the local architetcure such as hints of copper and steel that link to the industrialisation of Leicester.

CAFE FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT INITIAL GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

ISSUES: ROUND TABLES SMALL KITCHEN NOT ENOUGH SPACE BETWEEN TABLES COLUMN REQUIRED TO SUPPORT FIRST FLOOR SERVING AREA IS TOO SMALL

CAFE FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT INITIAL FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

ISSUES: ROUND TABLES SMALL TOILETS NOT ENOUGH SPACE BETWEEN TABLES STAGE CANNOT BE VIEWVED FROM EVERY ANGLE

CAFE FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH FOR THE CORRECT TABLE TYPE AND SHAPE

For a small dining area, for efficient use of space, if the table has to rest against a solid wall, it’s better to use a square table and push one end against the wall.

Since round tables resonate with yang energy, they are used in more open spaces.

A square/rectangular table is more stable and calm, and good for long conversations.

A round table provides a more dynamic atmosphere, and is better for fast chitchat.

If you want your visitors to stay long, sit around a square table, otherwise, use a round table.

The shape of the table should also be taken into consideration when operating a business.

Understanding resonance with space is important for business. For example, in a fast food restaurant, it’s good to use more yang features. These include more round and circular forms, as well as open and bright spaces. These yang characteristics affect people to eat quickly and leave quickly. On the other hand, for fine dining, people often wish to take their time to enjoy the food and conversation. In these situations, it is better to use more yin features, such as rectangular tables and dim light.

Balance is the other principle one must consider. It refers to the balance of yin and yang. In this situation we mean the balance of round and square tables. Even for a fast food restaurant, if all tables are round, the quality of the place becomes too yang, which is not ideal. Similarly, in a fancy dining setting, an excessively yin quality means that there is not enough flow in the setting.

Coffee shops like Starbucks use a lot of small round tables because they have solo customers in mind. With this type of set-up, there doesn’t seem to be any “empty” seats. Also, those having coffee alone don’t feel—or appear to be — lonely. yin or yang direction, is based on the nature of the business.

But it should never be extreme. A restaurant may want to try to provide a comfortable atmosphere, but not so much that customers feel so relaxed and comfortable that they hang around forever.

The shape of a table is not only important for dining, it is also important for a business office. It affects efficiency and creativity.

In summary, in any design, it is important to follow the highest guiding principles of Resonance and Balance with yin and yang.. And remember, the precise application of these principles depends on the effect one is trying to achieve.

https://www.bluemountainfengshui.com/square-table-vs-round-table/

CAFE FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

ALTERATIONS MADE TO THE FLOOR PLAN

CHANGES: SQUARE TABLES REQUIRED SPACE BETWEEN THE TABLES COLUMN ADDED FOR ETXRA SUPPORT OF THE CANTILEVER SERVING AREA EXTENDED ELEMETS OF PLANTING AND VEGETATION ADDED PAVING AND TILING IN FRONT OF THE COFFEE SHOP

CAFE FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

ALTERATIONS MADE TO THE FLOOR PLAN

CHANGES: SQUARE TABLES REQUIRED SPACE BETWEEN THE TABLES ELEMETS OF PLANTING AND VEGETATION ADDED CHANGING ROOM STAGE EXTENDED HOLE CUT OUT OF THE WALL TO ALLOW THE STAGE TO BE VIEWED FROM ALL ANGLES BAR SEATING ADDED BIFOLDS OPEN UP THE COFFEE SHOP TO THE SURROUNDINGS

CAFE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 1:50

12

13

14

15

16

1. PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL 2. WATERPROOF MEMBRANE (AIR TIGHTNESS) 3. CEMENT BOARD 4. THERMAL INSULATION 5. GALVANISED DRY WALL SUPPORTS 6. AIR CAVITY (SERVICES) 7. GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD 8. PROJECTION OF STEEL COLUMN 9. CONCRETE SCREED 10. STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 11. CORRUGATED STEEL FORMWORK 12. PLYWOOD 13. SECONDARY TIMBER JOISTS 14. THERMAL INSULATION 15. OSB 16. COLDFORMED COPPER ROOF

8

9

10

11

GARDEN PLAN DEVELOPMENT INITIAL SITE PLAN

ISSUES: LONG CONTINUOUS PATHS NO BACKSTAGE FACILITIES NOT ENOUGH SEATING AREA

PATHWAY CONFIGURATION

The history of the site was a key part during the design process of the pathways. The layout of the old Greyfriars was closely looked at to ensure that glass panels were placed directly on top of the Greyfriars remains. This idea respects the history of the site and provides an extra layer of information to the visitor.

Nave

Walk ter s i o Cl

e Rang West

ath ter P Clois

Walk ster i o l C

Range South

Trenches King Richard’s Grave Buttress of the Presbytery Bench in the Chapter House Bench in the Chapter House Wall Fragment and doorway Wall of the Chapter House Choir Stall Buttress of the Presbytery Paving made from medieval tiles

GARDEN PLAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL SITE PLAN LAYOUT

SOLUTIONS: LONG CONTINUOUS PATHS BROKEN DOWN WITH SLABS UNDERGROUND BACKSTAGE FACILITIES SEATING AREAS ADDED WITH THE USE OF STAGGERED GARDENS AND BENCHES WATER FEATURE GLASS PANELS LOOK DOWN ONTO THE GREYFRIAR’S RUINS

GARDEN PLAN DEVELOPMENT SECOND SITE PLAN ALTERATION

ISSUES: LONG CONTINUOUS PATHS NO BACKSTAGE FACILITIES NOT ENOUGH SEATING AREA

ALTERATIONS: FRONT ENTRY PORTAL BACKDOOR ENTRANCE STAGGERED LEVEL GARDENS EXTRA VEGETATION RAIN GARDEN WATER FEATURE

GLASS PANELS LAYOUT

LOCATION OF GLASS PANELS THAT REVEAL PARTS OF THE GREYFRIAR’S RUINS

BACKSTAGE FACILITIES

UNDERGROUND BACKSTAGE FACILITIES 1:100

BENCH DESIGN CONCEPT

ORIGINAL CONCRETE BENCH FORM

TWO OVERLAPPING ARCHES ARE CUT OUT FROM THE FORM

INTERLOCKING KING RICHARD III SPINE

FINAL FORM OF BENCH

CAFE EXTERIOR RENDERINGS

FRONT VIEW OF COFFEE SHOP

SIDE VIEW OF COFFEE SHOP STANDING IN THE GARDEN

CAFE INTERIOR RENDERINGS

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE FIRST FLOOR FRAMING THE CATHEDRAL SPIRE

BALCONY VIEW FRAMING THE CATHEDRAL SPIRE

CAFE INTERIOR RENDERINGS

INTERIOR VIEW OF GROUND FLOOR

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE FIRST FLOOR FRAMING THE CATHEDRAL SPIRE

CAFE INTERIOR RENDERINGS

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE GROUND FLOOR

INTERIOR VIEW OF FIRST FLOOR LOOKING TOWARDS THE VISITOR CENTRE

GARDEN CONCEPT RAIN GARDEN DETAIL

The idea is to make the most of rain in the most creative ways you can.

Put simply, a rain garden is a shallow area of ground or dip which receives run-off from roofs and other hard surfaces. It is planted with plants that can stand waterlogging for up to 48 hours at a time.

More drought-tolerant plants are used towards the edges. Storm water fills the depression and then drains.

Benefits of rain gardens Low maintenance garden – no watering once plants have established Can absorb up to 30% more water than a lawn Offers opportunities to plant a wide range of perennials Reduces erosion by slowing heavy rainfall Increased planting attracts insects and birds

VIEW OF ONE OF THE TWO RAIN GARDENS LOCATED AT THE SOUTHERN END OF THE GARDEN

GARDEN CONCEPT SENSORY GARDEN Sensory plants for Touch – Plants that are interesting to touch Sensory plants for Sight – Sight is mainly colour, movement and shape Sensory plants for Sound – Mainly comes from wind in the trees and breezes blowing grasses Sensory plants for Smell- Plants that have scented leaves as well as perfumed flowers.

Sensory plants for Texture-Hairy leaves and corky stem

Scents that fill the air and can be smelt without touching the plant like Mock orange, Philadelphus, some roses, Honeysuckle, and the Curry plant.

Plants you will need to get up close to too smell, Violet, primrose and some Narcissus.

Plants you will need to pinch or crush in your hand to smell, like Peppermint, Apple mint, Lemon thyme most culinary herbs, Camomile and scented Geranium.

Plants that give off scent when crushed under foot. Chamomile, Sweet Woodruff, Creeping Thyme, Woolly Thyme

ROSA 'PAUL'S SCARLET CLIMBER'

CHARACTERISTICS

AUTUMN

FOLIAGE Deciduous

SPRING

SUNLIGHT

SUMMER

HABIT Climbing

CHAMAEMELUM NOBILE CHARACTERISTICS

AUTUMN

FOLIAGE Deciduous

SPRING

HABIT Climbing

SUNLIGHT

SUMMER

CORTADERIA SELLOANA 'PUMILA' CHARACTERISTICS

AUTUMN

FOLIAGE Evergreen

SPRING

HABIT Tufted

SUNLIGHT

SUMMER WINTER

YUCCA WHIPPLEI CHARACTERISTICS

AUTUMN

FOLIAGE Evergreen

SPRING

HABIT Bushy FRAGRANCE Flower

SUMMER WINTER

SUNLIGHT

GARDEN EXTERIOR RENDERINGS

EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE GARDEN LOOKING AT THE SIDE OF THE COFFEE SHOP

EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING AT THE AMPHITHEATRE AND AND STAGGERED GARDENS

GARDEN EXTERIOR RENDERINGS

ENTRY PORTAL VIEW FROM NEW STREET

SENSORY GARDEN VIEW

GARDEN EXTERIOR RENDERINGS

AMPHITHEATRE VIEW FACING THE PERFOMANCE AREA

PANORAMIC VIEW AS YOU EXIT THE AMPHITHEATRE