Bees for Development Journal Edition 83 - June 2007

INSIDE INFORMATION

dean prierds

IN

THIS ISSUE...

CINCO PUNTOS PRESS

When a review copy of a beautiful new book about honey hunting in Malaysia arrived at the BfD office, it did not take long to decide that a picture of the bee tree species Koompassia excelsa 75m tall and home to dozens of nests of the giant honey bee a great cover picture. Indeed, this very tree and the nearby hunter who has honey spent his life harvesting honey from bees in the tree have BfD in Journal before. This was way back in BfD Journal 35 (1995) when featured

IN

e

Apis dorsata, would make

Professor Makhdzir Mardan organised a conference to raise awareness about honey hunting in this forest area close to Malaysia's border with Thailand.

As we go to press, we received alarming news that this bee tree has been damaged as yet more forest is cleared. Only prompt actions in alerting the media by honey hunter Pak Teh and Professor Makhdzir Mardan have saved this tree

-

now. Read more about this on pages 8 and 9, and see the new book this new threat to the tree - on page 6-9 and 14.

at least for

- written before

Bradheav The Tuaiang tree in Pedu Lake Rainforest, Malaysia. lilustration by Paul Mirocha from The Bee Tree

Bees for Development Journal

(published and copyright by Cinco Puntos Press 2007). See Book Shelf page 14.

Production BfDJ is published quarterly

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Correction: Mr Manabu Kato provided the photograph used on the cover of BfD Journal 82. Apologies Manabu, for

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Inside information

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Bob Malichi Answers

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Practical beekeeping - bark hives

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in

Se

Co-ordinator Helen Jackson BSc

Se

Editor Nicola Bradbear PhD

Laos

an

Nita

ites

African Honey Trade

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Bees/o, Development Journal 83

Bob Malichi Answers North West Bee Products in Zambia is a producer-owned honey business well known to many readers of this Journal since BIDJ 17

(1990).

Honey from this successful exporting company first arrived in UK shops in the late 1980s. Zambian honey has a very different taste to honey produced in Europe, and at first, British people were not used to the unusual flavour. That has changed and now people in the UK are buying

Zambian honey in ever-increasing quantities. Zambian honey has paved the way for African honey to enter the UK market: it should be easier for others to follow.

North West Bee Products (NWBP} remains a unique enterprise in Africa, being the only Fair-trade (FLO) and organic certified honey business

exporting to the UK. The challenges and successes of this business are therefore of great interest.

Bees for Development met with Bob Malichi, the Director of NWBP at the ApiTrade Africa meeting (see page 5) in Tanzania in February. We took the opportunity to ask him about recent news, and learn more

‘ut how he ensures that the honey they harvest is of export quality. v0: Bob, can you tell us about developments at NWBP over the last

five years?

Bob Malichi: The number of registered beekeepers supplying NWBP has risen to 6,500 and the quantity of honey supplied to NWBP has increased from 150 to 280 tonnes per year. NWBP buys only the best quality honey and so this figure does not account for total production: second grade honey is sold to other buyers including beer brewers.

Another notable development is the increasing number of women

beekeepers, and there are now ten groups in the area who supply honey to NWBP Women prefer to use top-bar hives whereas the predominant hive type in this part of Zambia remains the bark hive, hung in trees to

prevent attack by ants and honey badgers.

BD: What do

beekeepers earn by selling honey to NWBP?

BM: The beekeepers are able to buy much needed blankets, salt, soap and bicycles. Incomes earned vary, with the most successful beekeepers earning around 750 (€1,100; US$1,500) a year, although 100 (€150: US$200) would be more typical.

D: Where is your main market?

BM: We sell almost all our honey to the UK. This is the reason we buy only the best quality honey from the beekeepers. All our honey is sourced from the 75,000km? of miombo woodland which has been certified as organic by the UK organic certifying body, The Soil Association. The beekeepers never use pesticides, agricultural chemicals or medicines for bees, which means the honey produced is totally free from residues of medicines, and of the highest quality. It is important that harvesting and handling are carried out well to ensure the honey is not contaminated or adulterated after cropping. To ensure proper techniques, NWBP employs 30 extension workers to train the

beekeepers. \t is sometimes thought that top quality honey cannot be harvested from bark hives. How do you ensure high quality is

BD:

maintained?

BM: 95% of our honey is harvested from bark hives and it easily meets international standards. When cropping, minimal smoke is used at the door end of the hive to encourage the bees to move to the opposite end of the hive. Then the smoker is put to one side to avoid any ash or further smoke getting near to the honeycombs. The grass door of the hive is opened and accessible honeycombs are removed carefully to avoid too much breakage. The combs are sorted immediately into

Bob Malichy. Direcior of Norili Wesi Bee Producis —

the best quality honeycombs are put in buckets from the combs with pollen or under-mature combs. separate The buckets are sealed with tight-fitting lids so no dust can enter.

different clean buckets

BfD:

Are there different styles of bark hives?

BM: Yes the beekeepers from Kapombo make the hive entrances at the ends whereas those from Mwinilunga make the entrances at the sides.

Beekeepers from each area believe their styles are the best. /See article

by Jairus Musachi overleaf].

BfD:

How is the honey extracted from the comb?

BM: The beekeepers extract honey from the comb at home using simple and more importantly - cheap, home-processing equipment such as

-

cloths, buckets and sieves. The extension workers also train the beekeepers how to clean and care for this equipment to make sure the extraction process does not permit any contamination of the honey. One important instruction is that the processing equipment should be used only for honey and never for other household uses at other times of year. Once separated, the honey and beeswax can be sold independently which means beekeepers have a better opportunity to earn income from both products.

BfD:

How is the honey collection organised?

BM: NWBP buys honey from many villages, some up to 100 km from the NWBP factory. At a pre-arranged time the beekeepers must carry the buckets of honey to the roadside, from where NWBP will come to

collect and buy. The beekeepers know that honey must not be heated or the quality deteriorates, and so they make sure it is stored in a cool place at home and in shady places at the roadside. When NWBP comes to collect the honey they check each and every bucket by measuring moisture content and colour. Top quality honey is accepted whilst any

contaminated or poor quality honey is rejected. Rejected honey can be used by the beekeeper for food or beer making at home, or they can Sell it to others.

BD. future.

Thank you Bob

—

we wish you and NWBP every success in the

PRACTICAL BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL BEEKEEPING

BARK

HIVES

Jairus K Musachi, Chilanga, Zambia am pleased to write to you about beekeeping activities in this far corner of our world, after being inspired by you and your continued support. BfD Journal is very helpful and educative as it highlights many issues on bees and beekeeping practice. /

Beekeeping has a long and old record in Zambian culture and there are few Zambians who do not understand about bees being helpful to mankind. Most of the beekeeping methods used are local-style, and most commonly used is the bark hive.

Bark hive preparation A tree is chosen with the desirable diameter and is then utilised to its fullest to avoid deforestation. One fully grown tree can produce about

10 hives each measuring up to 1.2 m in length. This measurement is used to allow the beekeeper easy access to the combs from both ends.

The tree is normally cut down to get some wood to use as covers to the hive ends.

The hives are left at the same site for 14-21 days to allow thera to lose some moisture Thereafter. they become much lighier to be transported fo the site where they can be hung in trees

A fully grown iree can produce 10 bark hives

When the

| site

af Cotes jor tHe apiaty NgS DEGT hidclied

Aung high in the tree to secure it from attack

{22 Haye iS

by|roney haagers.

DEVELOPMENT OF BEEKEEPING IN LAOS Bounpheng Sengngam, National University of Laos and Jerome Vandame, Comité de Coopération avec le Laos, France

—

The development of beekeeping in Laos faces an important strategic choice: the introduction of the mellifera? the slow exotic species Apis Or of with indigenous species development local beekeeping Apis cerana and Trigona laeviceps?

Laos adopts beekeeping activities with ‘modern’ technology and the introduction of Apis mellifera (in the image of what has been done in

On the other hand, should Laos concentrate on the development of beekeeping based on the indigenous species, Apis cerana and Trigona

laeviceps, this would give the Lao farmers the possibility to diversify their activities and to strengthen their farming systems. This policy would require strong support regarding the extension of beekeeping practices suitable for the resources of each province, and research to improve the local bees to permit efficient beekeeping using selected

lf

varieties, with low absconding and swarming.

Thailand and other neighbouring countries) the beekeepers will have to bear numerous risks. These include economical risks linked to

This policy would permit the Laotian Provinces to highlight their comparative advantage, whether it is the importance of the primary forest, or the richness of the melliferous flora and fauna, and to take

significant investment costs; pathological risks due to the high sensitivity of Apis mellifera to pests and bacteria; genetic risks engendered by the introduction of new genetic material: and marketing risks resulting in the necessity to feed colonies with large quantities of sugar that has a fluctuating market price. In addition these specialised beekeepers would have to face the highly competitive beekeeping systems of neighbouring countries. These new actors would be economically weak.

advantage of interesting marketing niches both inside the country with forest honey, medicinal honey and Phongsaly honey, and outside the country with organic honey with ‘Protected Geographical Indication’.

The full text of this interesting publication about beekeeping in Laos can be downloaded from the Bees for Development website Information

Centre at www.beesfordevelopment.org.

Bees/or Development Journal 83

AFRICAN HONEY TRADE

APITRADE AFRICA MEETS IN

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND AFRICAN HONEY TRADE WORKSHOP

ARUSHA

Following the success of Bees for Development's First Honey

Apitrade Africa is an emerging network dedicated to promoting trade in African honey and other bee products. A Task Force formed at the

Trade Workshop, which took place prior to the Apimondia Congress in Ireland in August 2005, we organised the Second African Honey

Bees for Development Second African Honey Trade Workshop in Kampala in October 2006 took on the job of setting up the Organisation

Trade Workshop in October 2006. It was part of our DFID/BLCF Project on African Honey, and the main sponsor was Rowse Honey Ltd. Over 100 participants from 14 countries attended the

and directing its development and work. In February 2007 the Task Force met in Arusha to tackle an agenda including work on the constitution, developing a medium-term strategy and work plan, and to discuss the participation of ApiTrade Africa at the Apimondia Congress in September

Workshop, held at Seeta, near Kampala, Uganda. For four days African honey producing and trading businesses considered challenges that face honey trade in Africa.

2007.

Bees for Development's perception is that the potential of apiculture to bring significant economic development and hence poverty alleviation to Africa, is not yet being achieved. Thousands of poor beekeeper-farmers in Africa have the means and knowledge

At the meeting in Arusha it was decided that the new organisation would 2 the form of a Network.

Membership will be open to any registered vuilpany or producer association which shares Apilrade Africa's overall

objective of promoting the African honey trade, and meets certain standards in terms of ethical business practice. The membership application procedure has not yet been finalised but interested stakeholders are advised to keep reading this Journal in order to stay up to date with progress.

to harvest honey from bees, yet lack access to reliable markets. The main purpose of the Workshop was therefore to discuss issues

surrounding trade in African honey, and ways to increase trade for

beekeepers.

Programme themes: hearing from honey importers; the international honey market; EU requirements; producing fair trade honey and meeting fair trade standards; honey tasting and

The motivation for the Apitrade Africa Network is the understanding that the potential of the apiculture industry in Africa is far from being realised. The aims of the Network are to promote African honey, address

exhibition; producing organic honey and meeting organic Standards; producer associations and supply chain development: and appropriate interventions = better returns. All the papers

barriers that hinder access to wider markets, and ultimately unlock the potential of the apiculture industry to benefit people in Africa.

presented in these sessions are given here. Also included are the opening speeches made by The Honourable First Lady of Uganda, Mrs Janet Museveni, MP and other dignitaries, with an overview of

Apitrade Africa's first exposure to the international community will be the Apimondia International Apicultural Congress taking place in Melbourne, Australia in September 2007 (see page 8). At this event different African honeys will be presented as speciality honeys

Uganda's apiculture sector provided by Dr Nicholas Kauta, plus contact details of participants.

originating from natural and uncontaminated environments. Promotional information will be prepared in a robust effort to convince international

During the Workshop there were periods where participants formed groups to consider specific issues more closely. Their discussions were taken on board in plans for the creation of the new

yers that African honeys, though little known outside Africa, have vncellent flavours and are of top quality.

Association, now named Apilrade Africa (see left). The Minutes of the Association’s meetings and Statement of Establishment are

Bees for Development would like to thank the Tanzanian Forestry and Beekeeping Division for their kind hospitality in hosting the Arusha meeting, and for providing highly efficient logistical support.

4

t

ma

here.

aL

H

The Proceedings can be accessed on our website, however the files are large. This CD provides the complete information from the

Workshop. See also Proceedings of the First Honey Trade Workshop (VID41). These contain more details about EU accreditation, and information from other continents.

For a summary and assessment of the situation of African honey trade, we recommend that you read the

article published in B/D Journal 81, pages 2-5.

Each CD costs 10 €15.

Details on how to order see page 15

The ApiTrade Africa Task Force in Arusha, Tanzania, February

2007

:

THREATS TO MALAYSIA BEE TREES

THREATS TO S BEE MALAYSIA TREE Sg SY

}

Honey

eras

ohn

ch

vet

dee

wound

vi

the century old tualang tree

Honeyman feels the sting For decades, Salleh Mohammed Noor has relied on several fua/ang (bee trees) in the Pedu rainforest to harvest honeycombs. His

livelihood is now under threat as the trees, which provide shelter to giant honey bees, are being earmarked by loggers for timber. Salleh, also known as Pak Teh Lebah, said that in February he found a 15 cm axe incision in one of the century old trees. “The tree has withered”, said Pak Teh. “Even the branches have become brittle, causing the bees to stay away. In the 1970s there would be 100 colonies on the tree, but the number declined to about 20 about 15 years ago. My last harvest was March last year”. With the tree dying, Salleh is now left with six

tualang trees to source for honey.

Salleh began harvesting honey in the Pedu forest in 1968 after obtaining approval from the Kedah Sultan. “Honey hunters need permission from the Sultan as the haney belongs to the ruler. will seek an audience with the Sultan to inform him of the tree’s fate and that of other tua/ang trees in the forest,” he said.

The picture is

courtesy of Nid

ene ul Mai fetes utadbsag

area”. Kasim Osman added that the trunk from a tva/ang tree is worth MYR5,600 (US$1,640; €1,200). Under Section 15 of the 1984 Forestry Act anyone found guilty of cutting down trees in the forest reserve faces a fine of RM500,000 (US$1 46,430; €106,800).

Malaysian Nature Society President Datuk Seri Dr Salleh Mohd Nr urged the Department to ensure the rainforest was not compromised for the

sake of development.

Source: Tunku Shahariah, published on www.thestar.com, March 2007

Environmental effect The occurrence of regional haze greatly affects the bees. In turn that is presumed to affect the pollination services provided by Apis dorsata to the tropical rainforest flora, for example Dipterocarpus and many Shorea spp. In Sri Lanka it has been found that more than 50% of the insect

numbers caught in the forest canopy are Apis dorsata.

to protect fua/ang trees. Director of Kedah Forestry Department, Kasim Osman, said he would investigate the matter and question the timber

concessionaire in the area.

Illegal logging Kasim Osman said he believe loggers were taking advantage of the trans-eastern hinterland highway being constructed through the forest

alongside Pedu Lake to transfer the sawn timber out. The logging came to light after honey hunters found trees chopped down. and a century old fua/ang or bee tree marked for felling in the forest reserve. “Only the highway contractor is given a permit to cut down trees which are in the way of the highway alignment. However, we

found that trees have been felled 400m from the highway construction

when managing their colonies.

When the forest or the whole

cekeeping eveopiment et

nation is covered with ahaze

caused by open burning in Sumatera Indonesia, it results in

delay and a reduced number Apis dorsata

of colonies of

settling on the bee trees. In one haze season a few years ago, there were only 10 bee colonies settled on the bee tree and a

delayed season due to delayed flowering. But what will '

happen if the haze continues to come every year and harvests

become even less?

HONEY HUNTING ZOOM

IN

@

BEES LIKE COFFEE

ON SOUTH KOREA

|

Lowe

Pak Teh Lebah BIDJ 1995

‘

Datuk Professor of Apiculture and Pollination Biology at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Makhdzir Mardan, urged the Government to draw up a policy

Smoke definitely disorientates honey bees: beekeepers use it

BEES FOR DEVELOPMENT

|

MORE ABOUT MALAYSIAN BEES AND BEE TREES

Bees/ov Development Journal 83

MORE ABOUT MALAYSIAN BEES AND BEE TREES Makhazir Mardan, Universiti Putra, Malaysia The practice of honey hunting Four types of traditional techniques are widely practised, by those climbing to source honey, from colonies that nest in groups of more than seven colonies, or sometimes up to more than 200 colonies at the

aggregate nesting sites on tall trees or high cliff faces in the rainforests.

For colonies that nest singly, in pairs, or if there are less than seven, the techniques of climbing and even the honey hunting tools are haphazardly found. The skills involved are rather sketchy and very diverse, without observing any traditional taboos. the Apis dorsata colonies are found nesting on the limbs of tall trees in the rainforest, usually one of two types of climbing ladder are If

constructed, that is either the Aerring-bone ladder or the linear peg ladder. However, if the colonies are nesting on cliff faces, the rope ladder or the bamboo shafts ladder will be built to gain access to the colonies in difficult parts of the cliff face. Many variations in climbing

techniques exist which are much influenced by the conditions of the colonies or nesting sites. The choice of materials for the construction of ladders depends greatly upon materials available near the honey ting site. The key factor for consideration when selecting materials is Safety for the climber.

Open nesting bees Giant honey bees are open-nesting: they build a large, single piece of comb with layers of bees forming a curtain to envelope, protect and maintain the brood and honey from enemies and inclement weather.

Tualang trees are tree emergents in the heart of the rainforest: this means any species that stands out above the rainforest canopy and is smooth-barked. Typical species include A/stonia spp, Ficus spp and Koompassia excelsa.

Modern and traditional honey hunting The modern types of climbing and tools used for harvesting honey differ in that they abandon the practice of observing the taboo of not using any metal object. This taboo is associated with hunting materials used in the legend of Hitam Manis*. There is a great deal of indigenous knowledge

__

associated with selecting the right material for climbing. Interestingly, the emphasis on safety is also greatly etched in the folklore, legends and 3lent stories. Such taboos are widely practised in south-east Asia

wdonesia, Malaysia and Thailand) and southern Asia (India, Nepal and Sri Lanka). Only non-metallic materials such as bamboo, cow hide, liana vines, scapula bones from cattle, or wood are used. This is influenced by the element of safety and availability of the materials used and more so, probably, because it has been practised this way since before the Bronze Age. Cave-paintings of honey hunting in India, carbon-dated to 6,000

years ago, indicate that honey hunting is an ancient art, evolving into a sub-culture that is proven to be a sustainable practice between humans and bees. *

Forbidden love between a prince and serving maid earned the wrath of the King. The maid was banished together with other maids who flew away to become bees.

Honey hunting season The honey hunting season is as long as the flowering season. The flowering season in Malaysia lasts 2-3 months and it is closely linked to the monsoon seasons of November-April and May-September.

Usually the period of blooming starts in January or early February until

the end of March or early April in Peninsular Malaysia. There may be smaller peaks during September in El Nifio years.

A honey hunting group usually harvest 5-7 bee trees per season. They cannot harvest more because of time limitations. There are still many bee trees that are not easily accessible in the deep forest and with

logistical problems.

Honey hunting areas The popular and notable honey hunting areas in Malaysia are the forests of Pedu Lake, Kuala Pilah-Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Jengka, Pahang, Segamat Johor, and in many areas of Sarawak and Sabah. Honey hunting is practised throughout the entire rainforest of south-east Asia and South Asia.

Honey hunter decline Pedu Lake, there are 10-15 honey hunting groups in the span of the protected forest which serves as a water catchment area. Each group comprises a minimum of five people. This means there are a total of 70-100 honey hunters, who work also as artisans, fishermen, padi In

growers and rattan gatherers.

The number of honey hunters is decreasing because there are other job opportunities available that offer more dependable sources of income throughout the year. Honey hunting has always been a part-time or recreational activity in traditional culture. honey hunter is an esteemed A

character because he embodies the elements of bravery, skills and knowledge. recent years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of giant honey bees Apis dorsata that nest in aggregates on the 70 m tall In

tualang or bee trees, in the forest by Pedu Lake. This is happening both nationally and regionally.

continues on next page

Do your bees

James Fearnley of BeeVital is a leading world authority on the nature of propolis & its

www.beevitalpropolis.com

A major research project has been started by BeeVital and we would like your help.

make propolis?

We would like to test it and possibly buy it from you.

medicinal properties, he is author of Bee Propolis-Natural Healing from the Hive retailing at 9.99 plus p&p.

lf you are interested in finding out whether your propolis is suitable for medicinal use and

learning about sustainable ways of harvesting & using propolis please send a sample (50g) to:

BeeVital, Brereton Lodge, Goathland, Whitby, North Yorkshire Y022 5JR, UK Tel: ++44 (0) 1947 896037 Fax: + +44 (0) 1947 896482 Email: info@beevitalpropolis.com

MORE ABOUT MALAYSIAN BEES AND BEE TREES

Apis dorsata honey bee colonies are sedentary and migratory in nature.

They come and settle on a particular bee tree for two to three months every year. Nobody knows exactly where they come from or where they go when they leave. DNA studies by Dr Ben Oldroyd of Australia indicate that closely genetically-related colonies are found on the same bee tree: they could be the same colonies that come and go.

Consequently, there is a significant reduction in the honey harvest.

Surely, it becomes less attractive for the younger generation to use the same energy and time for less honey and less income? Today Pak Teh and his honey hunting group harvest 10-12 containers, each of 18 litres, per season; ten years ago they harvested 25-30 containers. Pak Teh and his group can make MYR20,000-30,000 (US$5,800-8 800;

€4 300-6,400) from the honey harvest per year.

Pak Teh

With dwindling income from these harvests, the costs are being weighed against the possible income to gain from other jobs in the

have joined the honey hunting group led by Pak Teh Lebah to the bee tree, almost every year since 1983. Pak Teh had seven bee trees, but |

village or factories. Only passion, tradition and the excitement of honey hunting keeps them together. Nizam and Shukor, Pak Teh’s grandsons (whom have known since they were three years old), have chosen, one to become a bus driver and the other a car mechanic - for this provides better income compared with honey

late November or recently he lost one. At the end of the rainy season in early December the bees come to the bee trees nesting in aggregates of

10-20 colonies per tree. After

|

slow build up in number of colonies in the early part of the season, honey harvesting takes place in the middle of the flowering season when the highest number of colonies are in situ.

By mid season, January to early March, there are 70-80 colonies nesting in the tree. By comparison, at the same stage in the season in 1993 there were 128 colonies in the bee tree. Ever since the forest fires began causing a haze across the region, there has been reduction of around 50% in the number of bee colonies. This pattern of falling a

hunting. They are obliged to join their grandfather honey hunting: Pak Teh is already 80 years old and is

still climbing bee trees, but ne virtually drags his grandchildren to the bee tree every year.

numbers of colonies nesting in aggregates on the bee trees reflects similar patterns for other bee trees in the Pedu Lake area, Pak Teh was first introduced to B/D Journal readers in issue 35. Read How one hundred people spent the night under bee tree at

Further information

a

See Book Shelf page 14 for our review of the new book The Bee

www.beesfordevelopment.org/info/info/index.shtml|

Buchmann and Tree by Stephen Diana Cohn

Economic decline All of Pak Teh's bee trees have 30-50% fewer colonies returning.

Readers take Action To support action to reduce the loss of tua/ang trees and the decline in Newspaper at edt@thestar.com.my. For example:

Apis dorsata populations send

a

message to the Editor of the Star

“We are disturbed to read the report of Malaysia's remaining tropical forest ‘bee trees’ being injured and even felled. These trees are home to colonies of Apis dorsata honey bees - we do not know the population sizes of these bees, but assume that they are much reduced due to habitat loss in Malaysia. The best protectors of these bees and their trees are the honey hunters whose livelinoods have depended upon them: a close and unique interdependency between bees, trees and humans”.

Your name, country of residence

oS

40th APIMONDIA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS

9-14 September 2007, Melbourne, Australia

Early bird’ Registration deadline EXTENDED until 15 June

already registered

Delegates from 58 countries have chance to make new friends from around the world

a great

The Apimondia Standing Commission Beekeeping for Rural Development will organise the following Symposia:

APIMONDIA is the World Federation of Beekeepers’ Associations.

APIMONDIA represents the interests of beekeepers worldwide, and organises a major international congress every second year. One benefit of your

association belonging to APIMONDIA is that all members then become eligible for reduced

e

Plenary Session

e

Asian bees and beekeeping

registration fees for APIMONDIA Congresses. A Membership form and further details are at

Darwin Initiative: bees and biodiversity in developing countries

www.apimondia.org, or contact:

Co-operation amongst beekeepers’ associations

APIMONDIA Secretary General Corso Vittorio Emanuele Il, 101 00186 Rome, ITALY

Special Scientific Forum to consider recent severe losses of honeybee colonies ‘CCD www.apimondia2007.com

E-mail apimondia@meclink.it

Bees/or Development Journal 83

STINGLESS BEES IN KENYA

STINGLESS BEES IN Joseph Macharia, Suresh Raina and Elliud Muli, Kenya

KENYA

= = =

x= 3 =

= =

The Commercial Insects Project of the International Center of Insect

a

Physiology and Ecology, /cipe is investigating beekeeping with stingless bees, meliponiculture, as an activity to compliment forest conservation.

This is an activity suitable for the maintenance of forest biodiversity and protection of the environment as well as increasing the economic wellbeing of communities living around the forests.

Stingless bees are important for pollination of cultivated and wild plants. They also produce highly valued honey that communities use treat various ailments. Stingiess bees depend on tree cavities for

to

nesting and with the increase in deforestation, many nests are being destroyed. This project aims to develop methods for domestication and colony multiplication. /cipe has introduced hives to a community living

adjacent to forest. The major techniques employed to colonise hives are transfer of wild colonies, and division of colonies that are already nesting in hives. Also, new method of queen rearing for colony multiplication is under development. a

mers are aware of the existence of stingless bees but there are no laid down procedures for their conservation. Most farmers depend on forest resources, where they gather honey from both stingless and honey

ae

eeae

and worker bees Metiponula sp nest shonino brood my

In the Mwingi woodlands, many farmers distinguish stingless bees by their ‘very sweet honey’. Hypoirigona gribodoi and Hypotrigona araujo are the commonly kept species of stingless bees. Farmers cut the

bees. Many people seek this honey because they believe it has high medicinal value in treating colds, chest pains, and vigorous healing of

trunks in which the colonies occur and continue keeping the bees in the same trunk near their homesteads.

burns and wounds.

In Arabuko Sokoke forest along the Indian Ocean, three species of stingless bees have been identified: Dactylurina schimati, Hypotrigona gribodoi and Meliponula ferruginea. No effort has been made to domesticate Dactylurina schimdti due to its defensive nature and open nesting. Swarms of Meliponula ferruginea and Hypotrigona gribodoi easily colonise other types of hives, for example the top-bar hive, and

Of the various

Meliponula bocandei has the greatest potential for domestication due to their large colony and body sizes (almost the size of honey bees). However, this species absconds frequently compared with Meliponula lendliana or Meliponula

species

in Kakamega forest,

ferruginea.

Demonstration of hanging ives

forsting

gles

bees

catcher boxes meant to lure honey bee swarms. Ants, lizards and robber flies have been identified as major predators of stingless bees in hives.

Even though it has been reported that stingless bees store only limited amounts of honey, colonies found in the forest can yield 15-20 litres.

icipe is Supported financially by UNDP-GEF, IFAD, Toyota Environment Facility and Critical Ecosytem Partnership Fund.

Further information

Caribbean Update: Guyana Bees for Development Journal 82

simple ways to manage stingless bees Bees for Development Journal 67 Meliponiculture: beekeeping with stingless bees Bees for Development Journal 18

An established Melipomary close to ihe Aukdlega Rainiorest

Destructive tarvesting trom colonies of stingless bees in Kakamega

Bees/o, Development Journal 83

NEWS AROUND THE WORLD

NEWS

MALAWI SUCCESS STORIES

AROUND THE WORLD

SBDARA

—

Pam Gregory, UK

Four years on

The Small Beekeepers’ Development and Research Association (SBDARA) Project represents the combined efforts of over 100 beekeeping groups to improve their incomes. At the start of the Project, the distance from the urban markets and lack of transport made it hard for the beekeepers to sell their honey for a good price. People were trading from a position of

BULGARIA

weakness

in a buyers’ market. Unscrupulous traders cheated the beekeepers by taking the honey never to return, so beekeepers lost both their crops and storage containers.

More than half of the honey produced in Bulgaria is exported to other countries, mainly

We set out to create a co-operative marketing organisation that provided a convenient and honest outlet for beekeepers to sell their honey. At the start of the Project Bees Abroad (a UK beekeeping charity) provided capital to allow honey to be purchased from the villagers for immediate cash, to pay for honey storage and retail containers, as well as transport to collect and sell honey plus wages and overheads.

within the EU, reports the Chairman of Sofia’s Bulgarian Apiarist Union. Bulgaria produces 6,000--8,000 tonnes of honey annually of

which 4,000-5,000 tonnes are exported.

Bulgarians’ honey consumotion is very low only 150-200g per person per year.

Beekeepers recently had clashes with

They also sponsored the development of a resource and packing centre (see left) where

legislation amendments, which imposed taxes on their production.

the Project keeps demonstration hives. The centre has a garden with fruit trees and a tree

Source: FOCUS News Agency www. focus-fen.net

aursery, which SBDARA have now started to develop into commercial enterprise.

INDIA

SBDARA are building up a system of villag based field extension services with locally

a

appreciate the sponsored subscription to BfD Journal, for have just started beekeeping with Apis cerana. This was possible because Rubber Board, a body constituted by the

based trainers. There are seven excellent trainers and by the end of 2007 they will all have taken the British Beekeepers’

|

|

Association Assessment in Basie African Beekeeping this is a high quality, practical demonstration of a person’s beekeeping capability and is designed for beekeeping trainers working in African conditions. Trainers have bicycles so they can hold sessions in the villages. SBDARA buys honey from the beekeepers and packs it into bottles with good labels. They search out new customers and deliver the honey using the local minibus for transport. In 2006, over 7 tonnes of honey was sold.

Government of India for the development of rubber plantations in India, implemented beekeeping courses for Rubber Producers’

Societies throughout Kerala State. Asa member of the local Society, had the opportunity to attend a course. Subsequently in December 2006, bought four colonies and |

Beekeeper involvement is central to the Project and is encouraged by establishing beekeeping clubs. There are 10 -12 people per club, 10 clubs to a zone and 10 zones to a district. People pay a small subscription to belong to a club and are given a beekeepers record card to show they are producers. Each club elects a representative to the zonal committee, while each zonal

|

am proud to say that all of them are in good health. The main nectar source are the |

flowers of rubber trees and the season starts in February. Our area has plenty of small-

scale rubber plantations and therefore good scope for beekeeping.

PC Paul,

Angamaly, Kerala

Beekeeping development workshop The International Workshop on Integrated Beekeeping Development in South Asian Countries took place in New Delhi, in

November 2006. The Workshop was organised

by Century Foundation with financial support from FAO. Summary of the Resolutions:

International Centre for Apicultural Research and Training: There is urgent need for the establishment of a Centre that supports beekeepers, the bee industry and farmers.

Honey bee resources: South Asian countries are blessed with diversified bee fauna, suitable weather conditions and rich honey potential to

support beekeeping all year round. It is recommended that suitable measures be initiated for the conservation of wild honey bees.

Bee flora. Surveys of honey bee flora and preparation of floral calendars for different ecological zones in South Asian countries are needed.

Standardisation of beekeeping equipment and technology. Development of appropriate technology and regular reviews of management practices are needed for the development of sustainable beekeeping.

Organic beekeeping and hive products: The awareness of organic honey and its marketing potential should be encouraged. Clear marketing strategies to sell hive products are necessary to increase financial benefits in

SRI LANKA

national and international markets.

Honey bee protection: Strategic approaches should be implemented to enforce certificatio of disease-free status of colonies with a network of laboratories for identification, testing and contro! of bee diseases and pests.

Research, development and extension: It is recommended that each country in the region establish R&D and training centres.

Dr V Sivaram, Organising Secretary about BfD Resource Boxes at

J S Karunaratha sent this picture as part of his Resource Box Report on the Workshop held at the Horticultural Crops Research & Development Institute in Gannoruwa. The meeting recorded 50 participants.

S

Bees for Development helps projects in developing countries with copies of BfD Journal and other publications for use at training courses and workshops. We must receive your request three months ahead of the meeting date with an indication of the number of participants. Further information

10

Www.beesfordevelopment.org/info/activities/ index.

shtml

Bees/or Development Journal 83

NEWS AROUND THE WORLD

PAM GREGORY

KITWOBEE was established in February 1995 as

operates a scheme for honey producers with a current membership of 50 beekeepers and

HAPHS

committee elects a representative to the co-operative’s board of directors.

a response to tackling the problems of looking after orphans in Kitgum District. KITWOBEE

1,140 outreach members.

The CORD and KITWOBEE partnership recently launched a 500,000 appeal to bring hope to

We hope that three years funding from the British High Commission will lead to the long-term sustainability of the Project. The

design will enable it to become selffinancing eventually, so that training and field extension services can be funded from efficiently run marketing activities.

the people of northern Uganda through beekeeping and related activities. The initial

Lenson Sumuniba and George Kamanga are the lwo main project workers

three year partnership will support the development of KITWOBEE, enabling the

organisation of 600 beekeeping co-operatives using locally manufactured top-bar hives across the camps.

Muloza Beekeeping Project The Group is located on the eastern slope of Mulanje Mountain in the area of Njema. It was established in year 2000 to conduct activities to catalyse community-based natural resource management, in collaboration with the Mulanje District Assembly. Geoffrey Kumbuyo says the Group initiated beekeeping after raising its own funds to buy 18 hives, and due to a high demand for beekeeping activities, approached the District Assembly for further support. He ‘4, “Fortunately, the Assembly had received MK171, 819 (US$1,233; €900) from the

‘ronmental Affairs Department to support and implement beekeeping in the area. This could strengthen the spirit of forest resource ownership among local communities”. Project activities include training, procurement of equipment and protective clothing, as well as monitoring. Officials from the Department of Forestry are providing technical support. With the funds, 94 beekeeping farmers have been trained. According to Kumbuyo, the success story is that participation during the training was very good. At the end of the sessions participants were able to demonstrate skills and knowledge they had acquired including honey and beeswax harvesting and processing. After training, there has been a steady increase of demand from other communities to establish their own beekeeping groups: Njedza Vision Women’s Group, Duswa and Njirambo beekeepers, all from Mabuka, are some of the newly established groups. Due to their enthusiasm, the three groups will be provided with 50 hives each. Kumbuyo said that the main goal of assisting beekeepers is to promote environmental management through sustainable utilisation of non-timber natural resources.

Announcing the partnership, Margaret Ogaba, KITWOBEE's Chairperson said that “beekeeping is totally relevant to the current environment and this partnership with CORD will offer many people a chance to break out of the chronic

poverty they find themselves in as a result of the

conflict”.

The good news is that since July 2006, the Ugandan Government and the LRA have pursued dialogue in an attempt to bring an end The peace talks provide a window of opportunity for this beekeeping to the conflict.

partnership between CORD and KITWOBEE. Margaret Ogaba says: “it will mean a real,

positive difference to the lives of people in northern Uganda after so many years of

Suffering’.

Mark Atterton, Programme Officer, CORD, UK

Weldone Ngalonde, Sapitwa Newsletter

Sent by Hastings Maloya, Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust —

UGANDA

TAIWAN ™

er the past two months, farmers

in three parts

Taiwan have reported most of their bees gone

In

Bees build peace

United Daily News reported. Taiwan's TVBS television station said that about 10 million bees had vanished in Taiwan. A beekeeper on Taiwan's north-eastern coast reported colonies

Since 1986, Joseph Kony’s LRA (Lord's Resistance Army) has carried out merciless attacks in northern Uganda. In the late 1990s most of the rural Acholi population was ordered

missing “for no reason”, and one in the south said 80 out of 200 hives were empty.

into what the Ugandan Government termed

Experts have suggested possible reasons for the disappearance including disease, pesticide poisoning and unusual weather, varying from

below 20°C to over 30°C in a few days. “These days in Taiwan you can see climate change

clearly”, said Yang Ping-Shih, entomology professor at the National Taiwan University. He added that two kinds of pesticide can make bees lose their sense of direction.

“The Taiwan Government Council of Agriculture may collect data to study the causes of the vanishing bees and gauge possible impacts”, said Kao Ching-Wen, pesticides chief at the

‘protective camps’ across Gulu, Kitgum and Pader Districts.

November 2003 Jan Egeland, UN UnderSecretary General for Humanitarian Affairs, stated that “the humanitarian situation in in

northern Uganda is worse than in Iraq or anywhere else in the world”. Three years on, he described the situation in the camps as “the biggest neglected humanitarian crisis in the

world today”.

CORD has recently partnered with Kitgum Women Beekeepers’ Association (KITWOBEE) to work across the troubled Districts of northern

Council.

Uganda providing livelihood opportunities, training in peace building, raising awareness of

TAIPE! (Reuters) sent to BID by Mr Ganesh, B R Hills, India

HIV and AIDS and providing support to children affected by the conflict.

11

2007 CORD celebrates its 40th

anniversary. It has many years’ experience in helping people affected by conflict to rebuild their lives and their

communities, peacefully and sustainably.

CORD believes ail people are equal and have the right to decide and direct their development and to live in dignity.

CORD implements or supports projects across the conflict spectrum linking relief, rehabilitation and development also in Burundi, Cambodia, Chad and Zambia.

For more about CORD see www. cord. org.uk

VENEZUELA The outcomes from three meetings that took place in Venezuela in 2005 concerning honeys harvested from honey bees and stingless bees have been published in Denominaciones de origen de la miel de abejas en Venezuela.

If you are interested to obtain a copy, contact the book’s Editor Patricia Vit on vit@ula.ve

LOOK AHEAD / LEARN AHEAD / NOTICE BOARD

LOOK AHEAD ARGENTINA Propoleos y Buenas Practicas Apicolas y de Manufactura

22-23 June 2007, Sociedad

en Gonzalez

Catain

Further details informes@sada.org.ar

AUSTRALIA

PUERTO RICO NOTE: NEW DATES ter Congreso Antillano de Apicultura 1-4 November 2007, Guayanilla Further details www.mielesdepuertorico.com

RUSSIA APIMONDIA/SICAMM meeting: the Black Bee in Russia April 2008, Moscow Further details www.sicamm.org

Darwin Initiative: Bees and biodiversity in developing countries

SOUTH AFRICA XXXIl International Congress of Entomology 6-12 July 2008, Durban Further details www.ice2008.org.za TANZANIA 2nd National Honey Show

12 September 2007, during Apimondia 2007 Further details www.apimondia2007.com

27-29 September 2007, Dodoma Further details epictanzania@gmail.com

APIMONDIA 40th International Apicultural Congress 9-14 September 2007, Melbourne

CHILE

UK

IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Apicultura

1-3 September 2008 Further details will appear here

National Honey Show 18-20 October 2007, RAF Hendon, London Further details www.honeyshow.co.uk

CHINA

USA

Promoting the Development of NTFPs 19-21 September 2007, Beijing

9th International Pollination Symposium 24-28 June 2007, lowa State

Further details www itto.or.jp 9th AAA Conference

26-30 October 2008 1st CIRCULAR AVAILABLE SHORTLY Further details will appear here

ETHIOPIA 6th Annual Conference Ethiopian Beekeepers' Association 18-19 June 2007, Addis Ababa Further details desalegnbegna@yahoo.co.uk

Further deiails Wwww.Ucs. iastate.edu/mnet/plantbee/home.html

LEARN AHEAD Bees for Development can arrange beekeeping study tours and visits.

Tailor-made to suit requirements.

Contact us for details.

BFD BEEKEEPERS’ SAFARIS Further details on page 16

IRELAND Irish Beekeepers’ Summer Course 23-28 July 2007, Gormanston

Further details eosbee@indigo.ie

KENYA Baraka College Courses in July, August and October 2007 Further deiails www.sustainableag.org

TURKEY BiyoTematur Bee Safari

4-16 August 2007 Further details

www. biyotematur.com

UK BfD Training Day 8 June 2007, Monmouth

Further details www.beesfordevelopment.org

Eastern Apicultural Society Conference 6-10 August 2007, Delaware Further details

Biennial Bee Weekend — queen rearing 16-17 June 2007, Sutton Coldfield Further details

www.easternapiculture.org/programs/2007/

biennial2007@suttoncoldfieldbeekeepers.co.uk

VIETNAM Role of NTFPs in Poverty Alleviation and Biodiversity Conservation 11-15 June 2007, Hanoi Further details www.cifor.cgiar.org/Events

79th Midland & South Western Counties Convention

August 2 September 2007, Worcester Further details jpgowar@yahoo.co.uk

31

FINLAND

Recent Trends in Apicultural Science 10-14 June 2007, Mikkeli Further details www.mtkk.heisinki.fi/beesunder/english/

If you want notice of your conference, workshop or meeting to be included here and on our website send details to Bees for Development, Troy, Monmouth, NP25 4AB, UK,

E-mail info@beesfordevelopment.org

NOTICE BOARD

IFS ASSISTANCE International Foundation for Science calls for applications for research grants from young scientists in developing countries. Details af

FUNDS FOR WOMEN

www.ifs.se Application deadline 30 June 2007

African Women's Development Fund helps local, national and regional organisations in Africa working towards women's empowerment. As well as grants, AWDF attempts to strengthen the organisational

ONE MILLION SPECIES

Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life has reached 7,000,000 species in its

capacities of its grantees. See www.awdf.org/

quest to complete the first up-to-date, comprehensive catalogue

of all living organisms. A result of worldwide collaboration involving the work of 3,000 biologists and contributions from 50 a

PROJECT PROVISION FAQ, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, supports beekeeping projects in developing countries. Beekeepers’ groups and associations may apply for small project funding of up to US$10,000

databases the project plans to cover all estimated 1.75 million known

species by 2011. Visit www.catalogueoflife.org BEE CRAFT A full colour monthly magazine for beginners and experts alike covering all aspects of beekeeping in the UK and Ireland. 22 for 12 issues (one year). Credit cards accepted. For free sample copy and overseas rates contact secretary@bee-craft.com

from the TeleFood Special Fund. Request documents should include a brief description of the project's objectives, the proposed food

production or income-generating activities, the work plan, the number of participants, a detailed list of inputs with cost estimates and the

reporting arrangements. Submit your request to the office of FAO or UNDP in your country. Applications for projects with budgets over

ULUDAG BEE JOURNAL

www.fao.org and Remember to tell BfO the outcome of your

News, practical information and research articles - a link between Turkish beekeeping and the world. Published quarterly in Turkish with

application

English summaries. Contact www.uludagaricilik.org

US$10,000 must be submitted through a Government Ministry. See

12

Bees/orDevelopment Journal 83

High Stanclare Proclucts Technologies Sings 1973 s

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& Accessories

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nin

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BOOK SHELF

V4

THE BEE TREE Stephen Buchmann and Diana Cohn 2007 40 pages Hard cover

(€17.75) Code B050

9

This book, intended for children, provides a beautiful introduction to tropical Asia's Apis dorsata honey bees. There are two sections - the first depicts the story of a village boy climbing flimsy ladder to ascend the colossal bee tree a for the first time. The second half of the book gives background about Malaysia: her forests, bees and culture.

Three people in the USA have been responsible for together creating this book: an artist, an author and an apicultural scientist. Paul Mirocha, the artist, has managed something difficult - magical pictures that recreate the atmosphere of the dark forest the fact that honey hunting takes place only on the darkest, moon-free nights has always made it something difficult to capture on film. Diana Cohn, the author, has neatly described honey hunting and its important aspects, explaining how a boy learns the skills from his grandfather. The apicultural scientist who brought these skills together into this book is Stephen Buchmann.

Unlike most children’s books, the people who feature are not fictional characters, but people living in the forest today: Pak Teh, a respected honey hunter keeping forest traditions alive, and teaching his skills to young people like Nizam - also featured in the book. Malaysian bee expert Professor Makhdzir Mardan, who for many years has been

advocating for better care and protection for these forests, was one of the first scientists to document the culture of these honey hunters and the bee trees (See pages 6-8).

THE HONEY BEE AROUND AND ABOUT Celia F Davis 2007 158 pages 22.50

(€33.75) Code D305

Celia Davis’ first book The honeybee inside out (BfD/ 71) described the anatomy and behaviour of the honey bee.

This new companion volume looks at more areas of honey bee biology. The first part considers honey bees in relation to other bees and wasps, the benefits of social behaviour, and discussion of bee breeding. The next part of the book is an assessment of honey bee pathology, grouped under the following headings: Health and hazards, When the kids are ill, Problems with the grown-ups, Mighty mites, and The enemy within and without. Davis has the skill of making scientific information readable and interesting, and these chapters make the topics accessible and

Beekeeping

clear. The following chapters discuss flowers, foraging behaviour, bee products and honey.

This excellent text can be useful for all beekeepers and trainers, as science.

it

provides readily accessible knowledge of bee aie

Tail der

BEEKEEPING

—

INSPIRATION AND ADVICE

Andrew Davies 2007 96 pages Hard cover 6.99

(€10.50) Code D105

This does not pretend to be a text book on beekeeping, rather

it

provides a guide to what beekeeping entails

throughout the year: the start up requirements, an introduction to the honey bee colony, what to look for when examining a colony, how to catch a swarm, honey harvesting, and a brief introduction to honey bee health. is a concise text appropriate for someone thinking of starting beekeeping, and very much focused on beekeeping as practised in the UK. It

en BE,

Wena et

Now on DVD RAFTER BEEKEEPING WITH APIS DORSATA Bee Research & Development Centre, Hanoi 2007 (video released 1995) 30 minutes 20

(€35.00) Code VIDO2

This film won a Gold Medal at the Apimondia Congress in 1995. It provides an informative explanation of Melaleuca swamps and the associated ‘rafter beekeeping’ with Apis dorsata. We are introduced to the flora and fauna of the Swamp in the Mekong Delta region, which has been greatly affected by war and deforestation. The important economic aspects of the honey and white wax collected from Apis dorsata are explained. Next is a section on the Apis dorsata colony and how it functions. Finally a description of why raftering developed, a step-by-step account of

THE KEYSTONE HAND BOOK ON

HONEY HUNTING

how the rafters are constructed, and the research that is underway to improve the techniques. Produced with funding from KWT Netherlands and BEENET Asia, the Technical Advisor is Vincent Mulder.

LATEST FROM KEYSTONE

selection to tempt you from the Keystone Foundation, one of our partner organisations

THE KEYSTONE HAND BOOK ON HONEY HUNTING 2006 55 pages 15

(€22.50) Code K310

/n

English and Malayalam

Keystone has worked for over 10 years with the honey hunters in the Nilgiris hills of South West India. This is a guide to best practice in honey hunting and processing activities, and includes the opinions of various stakeholders.

14

@ euwaiaen

AVAILABLE FROM B/D NOW AT WWW.BEESFORDEVELOPMENT.ORG

Bees/or Development Journal 83

Now on DVD HONEY HUNTERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAI (€35) Code VID20

2007 (video release 2000) 30 minutes 20

A brilliant film with fantastic shots of the honey hunters in the Nilgiris Mountains of South India and their relationship with the giant honey bee Apis dorsata. This film will interest not only bee lovers but also scientists and development

planners wanting to address the issues of indigenous people in changing environments.

HONEY TRAILS 2007 271 pages 15.65

THE BLUE MOUNTAINS

IN

(€23.50) Code K320

This book contains much information about a variety of themes concerning life within the ‘Blue Mountains’ - the Nilgiris Hills of the Western Ghats in South West India. Information is conveyed by means of beautiful colour photographs, many maps, and 16 chapters of text describing the ecology, the people, the forest, the non-timber forest produce, and especially honey - because honey and its hunting have such a large role within local people’s livelincods. The diversity of information provided is difficult to capture in this brief review. The book provides a fabulous resource for anyone working in this field.

33' oe

NOH a

Jyfiey

Par

:

Walls

FOREST PLANTS OF THE NILGIRIS, AN ILLUSTRATED FIELD GUIDE 2006 416 pages

18.70

(€28) Code K325

main plant species from the forest areas of the Kotagiri and Coonoor region are included. These forests range the dry deciduous to evergreen types, found both as extensive tracts and in small fragmented areas. Together, form part of the Eastern Slopes of the Nilgiris Mountains and the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. This beautiful guide they

iuin

is illustrated with both photographs and illustrations by L Balasubramaniam, a local Kurumba person, which together provide an excellent publication enabling identification of plants, and giving their Kurumba, frula and other Adivasi

FOREST PLANTS OF THE NILGIRIS EASTERN Nii

VFB TSP RERE RESERVE

An Mlastrated Fold Gutde

names, as well as English and Latin. Adivasi people use the vegetative features of a plant, especially the bark and leaves for identification. This book therefore attempts to focus on ‘all-season’ plant features, and builds on crucial linkages between plants and habitat. The guide is organised in three parts: trees; climbers and lianas; and shrubs, herbs and grasses, with colour coding for easy reference.

POSTERS BY BFD

BEEKEEPING SUSTAINS LIVELIHOODS: 10 GOOD REASONS 2007 Information Poster No

1.

Bees for Development’s philosophy

in one

page

POLLINATION 2007 Information Poster No 2. The importance of pollination is often overlooked or understated. This Poster aims to put the record straight.

Rath posters are A2 size and cost 7 (€12) each. Published in 2007 are English, Portuguese and Spanish editions. edition in Mandarin will be available soon.

BUYING FROM B/D Order through the Secure Payment System at our website Store at www.beesfordevelopment.org

Or you can send an e-mail, fax, or post us a note of what you want Or we will, on request, send an order form or pro forma invoice (we require payment before we dispatch orders)

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15

BEEKEEPING LIVELJNQORS,

SAFARI SAFARI SAFARI

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visit.

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TANZANIA 14-28 November 2007, 14 nights 1,750 Hosted by Niiro Wildlife Research Centre All the best aspects of a conventional Safari plus African honey bees, stingless bees and local visits

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