Venezuelan Volleyball Activist

MEET THE Venezuelan Volleyball ACTIVIST

WHAT IS HAPPENING IN VENEZUELA?

Venezuela has been plunged in a socioeconomic and political crisis since 2010 under the presidency of Hugo Chavez and the current president, Nicolas Maduro. Shortages, insecurity and unemployment have forced millions to leave the country. According to recent studies, almost 90% of Venezuelans now live in poverty.

By Felix Keane-Vincent

It’s a warm September morning; the sun is dripping into the large kitchen of the hostel where we are having breakfast. Nieves is sitting to my right and tells me she is from Venezuela. She describes the brutality of daily life, the struggle to get medicine, food, or travel safely. She tells me about the times she has protested, showing me videos of herself shouting at the top of her lungs against her government. Whilst listening to her bright, determined voice, I try to imagine life beyond the warmth of this kitchen, in the country she calls home, plunged into a deep socioeconomic crisis since 2010.

When did you feel your day-to-day life started to change?

The feeling of a lower quality of life began about 3 years ago for the average Venezuelan. The areas which were most affected by the bad political governance of Maduro were health, food, safety and transport.

To access treatment, one has to travel to several pharmacies to find the appropriate medicine. This takes up time and effort, which could be used working, being productive outside of health needs. Not only that, many people don’t have the means to travel safely from one health centre to the next either.

Nieves, the interviewee

What is day-to-day life like today?

For food, a typical Venezuelan regularly spends 3 hours in queues waiting to buy groceries cheaply. If you go somewhere more expensive, you will be able to get your food a bit sooner; even then however, you would still be queueing for long periods of time due to the generalised shortages.

Security is another issue which unsettles the people regularly. Kidnappings and burglaries happen under the complacent watch of the police, who are the representatives of the government to citizens on a daily basis. As a country, we’ve seen how the government has committed fraud, during the elections, for example. One of my friends was jailed simply for having an opinion that went against the government.

Nowadays, Venezuelans don’t travel by bus like in any other country in the world, they do it in open trucks without railings, putting their physical safety at risk. On top of that, you need to pay for these rides, which means you’re paying money to be transported like animals; that connotation sums up the current situation of Venezuela.

“In the morning you’ll pay for rice at a certain price and by the evening, the price will have changed”

Hyperinflation has also deeply affected our way of life - in the morning you’ll pay for rice at a certain price and by the evening, the price will have changed, and not to your advantage.

How do you engage with the situation? Do you attend protests?

I’ve always been a firm believer in taking action rather than solely criticising the problem. I have therefore openly worked in the election campaigns and protested Hugo Chavez’s government policies, which I have never agreed with. I regularly bring food, clothing, games and medicine to the neighbourhoods that need it most during critical times. During protests, I play volleyball in front of the military and the police, to show that our weapons are volleyballs, not guns.

“During protests, I play volleyball in front of the military and the police, to show that our weapons are volleyballs, not guns.”

I usually wear yellow and black clothing, which are my team colours, as well as those of Enrique Capriles Radonski, a Venezuelan politician and lawyer. He’s the presidential candidate I’m supporting in this election cycle.

President Maduro was recently criticised for eating at an expensive steak restaurant in Turkey, when 75% of Venezuelans have lost over 8kg because of malnutrition. What did you think of this?

It is deeply unfair. Whilst people are dying of hunger, he eats like a king, which he is not. Maduro is a hypocrite, as he says that being rich is despicable but himself lives as a rich man. Physical violence is one thing; Maduro is also violent in his words and actions, mocking the situation of the country.

President Maduro pictured in the expensive steak restaurant of the famous “Salt Bae”

What outcome do you see to this crisis?

I personally think there is hope for this country. The only way however in which we can achieve change and prosperity, is by uniting and if the military decides to protect this country instead of blindly supporting the government.

2019 Changes to the Edge:

A sushi bar, new ticket fees...

By Francesco Masala

Activities Officer Kimberley Pickett recently announced some big changes to the Edge, the arts hub of the University of Bath. In her blog she described these changes sceptically.

A Visitor Services Unit and sushi bar to replace box office

From February 2019 the box office will be removed and replaced by a Visitor Services Unit situated in the foyer. Facilities available in the Box Office, including tills and access cards for music rooms, will no longer be present.

The logistical implications that might follow these changes, according to the Activities Officer, have “not been thought through entirely”.

A sushi bar is currently being considered with the new unit, a proposition Kimberley Pickett describes as out of the blue.

Proposed room booking procedure unclear

The brand-new Visitor Services Unit would close at 5 PM, meaning there would be no staffers by late afternoon to supervise room bookings. The approach proposed would be to leave most practice rooms unlocked from that time.

Tickets would only be available online (with new fees)

Show tickets would only be available online, with a booking fee and admin fees for events. No tickets would be available from the new Visitor Unit. Although going paperless seems a welcomed move, Kimberley Pickett stresses the downside of new fees.

Student groups charged for event ushers?

For health and safety purposes, ushers will still be needed at events; however, the Edge will be looking to charge student groups for this service. This proposal is not yet confirmed and is something Kimberley aims to prevent.

New pianos!

The Edge has invested in a new piano over the summer and is looking to purchase another replacement. The need for pianos in most rooms, however, is being evaluated.

Students get priority over third parties for booking facilities during term time.

Kimberley’s manifesto point, to ensure a student focus in the Edge, seems to have found fertile ground with Jamie Eastman, the Director of Arts. Third party bookings, according to the blog, will be re-focused between May and September, allowing for student priority during term time.

The SU, along will Jamie Eastman, will be running a Q&A session on November 7th, at 15.15, in 3WN 3.7. Alternatively, queries and comments can be sent to Jamie Eastman on j.r.eastman@bath.ac.uk or Kimberley on susocieties@bath.ac.uk.

HOW WILL BREXIT AFFECT EUROPEAN STUDENTS?

By Harry Bridge

Whilst we wait for the Brexit deal to take shape, European and International students are being kept in the dark as to whether they will be able to continue studying in Britain under the same regulations as they used to. Firstly, for EEA students applying in 2018 and 2019 and those currently studying in the UK, fees and aid will remain the same as they are for domestic students. It remains uncertain, however, what will happen in the long run. With regards to student visas, there are changes that are being considered to lower overall immigration numbers. It is widely believed that individuals will have to apply for a Tier 4 student visa or a short-term study visa to be at university in the UK. This, if put in place, will undoubtedly affect European students. In October the Home Secretary, Sajid Javid, also hinted at a possible two-tier system which would apply tougher rules for EU students applying to “lower quality courses”; it is unclear however how this would work or if it will even be brought forward, after it received criticism from both sides of the political spectrum. Moreover, placements and work opportunities abroad will depend on the deal’s conditions for free movement. Unfortunately, free movement in its present form is not guaranteed and provides EU students with another matter to worry about, whilst also making the UK a less attractive place to study and work. Finally, it is worthy to note that even if the UK is torn on the subject of Brexit, a recent poll suggested 75% of people would like the number of international students in UK universities to stay the same or increase. This sentiment is reflected in the government’s willingness to maintain the current system for the next two years. At our student level, one can only hope this remains afterwards.

MAKE OR BREAK FOR PEOPLE’S VOTE CAMPAIGN

With the UK set to leave the European Union on March 29th 2019 at 11:00 pm, calls for a popular vote on the final Brexit deal have materialised in the People’s Vote Campaign. Organisers are hoping a large mobilisation on the 20th October will make the difference.

Tens of thousands are expected to descend on London to call for a final say on Brexit. The ‘People’s Vote March for the Future’ is being organised by the ‘People’s Vote UK’ Campaign, a front organisation rallying a myriad of different anti-Brexit campaigning organisations. The university’s student union has also endorsed the march.

Organisers are hoping the march will build on their work over the summer in raising the need for a popular say on the final Brexit deal. In August, YouGov published results of a public vote where 45% of people supported a second referendum, compared to 34% who did not – with a majority revealing they would opt to stay in the European Union if asked again. The question remains as to whether another referendum could be agreed on by the main parties. With the Labour Party recently endorsing a ‘public vote’ on any Brexit deal as an option all eyes now turn to the Conservatives. Campaigners are hoping the march, a renewed public campaign and recruiting more Tory MPs to their cause will be enough to sway the Prime Minister. Constitutional experts however stress that there is no time to organise such referendum before March 29th.

Although for some a ‘People’s Vote’ seems an optimistic outcome, ardent Brexiteers are worried. With Nigel Farage coming out of retirement to launch the counter campaign ‘Leave Means Leave’, it is clear that everything remains up for grabs, and that Brexit is not yet a done deal.

We asked our committed readers and contributors to send in their favourite photos and these are the masterpieces we chose:

Lake Titicaca, captured by Diane Marquet De Vasselot

This woman lives close to the Titicaca Lake in the Andes on the border

of Peru and Bolivia, which is the highest navigable lake in the world. Her hat is very characteristic of this region of Bolivia. Usually, when it is decorated by a feather, it means that the woman is married.

Paris, captured by Kimberley Pickett-McAtackney

Once, in Paris, a thought came to my mind: what is true love? As you walk down the streets of this romantic city, there is nothing more that could bring a smile to your face. Everyone looks so laid back, couples holding hands, bright lights twinkling in their eyes and the sense of pure happiness. The constant thought in your head is how did these couples meet? Was it online, was it at a bar, or was it whilst sat on a train, or was it walking down the beautiful streets of Paris and asking someone for directions? Love is mysterious but so are dreams... just like this one. I guess in reality not everyone’s lives are perfect, there are plenty of homeless people, rats and even rude people around. Love can be shown in many forms, just remember not everyone’s lives are like a dream.

Passionate about photography? If you, too, would like to submit your favourite photo, send it to su-bathtime-features@bath.ac.uk along with the story behind it.

THE ANIMAL JUSTICE PROJECT

By Nidhi Arun

On the 15th of September, campaigners from the international pressure group, Animal Justice Project, staged a protest at Bath University’s Open Day. They launched their new ‘Lifeline’ campaign on campus against depression and drug addiction experiments on rodents. Protesters wore surgical masks, displayed emotive footage and handed out ‘resource cards’ to prospective students. Bath Time caught up with Claire Palmer, the founder of the Animal Justice Project, to find out more.

BT: Could you tell us what the purpose of your campaign is and what the ultimate aim is?

Claire: The purpose of the Lifeline campaign is to raise awareness on the issue affecting most animals in the UK, that is animal experimentation. Almost 4 million animals are being used in laboratories each year, half of these animals are used in University laboratories. The Lifeline campaign will act as a resource for activists nationwide to order sets that involve masks, placards, footage and everything they would need to carry out such educational events. Additionally, with Bath University we have a petition asking them to end all animal experiments. Bath is carrying out mainly ‘curiosity-driven’ or ‘basic’ research that has nothing to do with saving people’s lives. 90% of all animal experiments in Britain fall under this category and they do not provide any tangible benefits to humans. Lifeline is a celebrity driven campaign, we have the support of Harry Potter TV star, Evanna Lynch, Peter Egan from Downton Abbey, and Kerry McCarthy, Bristol MP. We are launching Lifeline to send a message to Bath University to end animal experiments and encourage students not to use animals in their studies.

BT: Why do you believe this to be an important campaign?

Claire: I think this is an important campaign because no other organisation in Britain is focussing on University research. There is a huge number of animals being used in university labs and this is research that is really not necessary. Students just have to opt out, I did it in the 6-7 years I was studying, and choose more humane research methods. What’s happening is that charities such as British Heart foundation, Cancer Research UK, Arthritis UK and Parkinson’s UK are ploughing thousands of pounds into Universities like Bath to fund research. Students are basically repeating what has been done again and again. Bath University has, since at least 2009, been carrying out depression experiments which is what we are highlighting today.

BT: How many members of your team have had a professional career in biological research, animal behavior or veterinary science?

Claire: We have a doctor Eva Pereira Blanco (quoted on the press release) on ground, she is highly qualified to write the material we need for public perusal. We also have a Science Advisor, Dr. Andre Menache, he speaks at European Commision level and lives in Switzerland. So Eva crunches research from Scientific papers and all of our work is passed through Dr. Menache. I’m also a zoologist with a Master’s degree in Zoology from Leeds and Edinburgh.

BT: Where according to you is the line for animal based research?

Claire: Any animal that is sentient, we believe, should not be used. We always refer to Dr. Ray Greek, another doctor who speaks at European Commission level. He believes animal research does not work. It hinders medical progress instead. There are just too many differences between us and, for example, mice. And the point that we are outlining on our factsheet is that, if we’re looking for animals that are most similar to us to carry out research, then we should be conducting experiments on Great Apes. But that is banned in Europe, and now in America as well. Instead we are using mice, which are very different to us. So obviously, if we perform the same research again and again on mice, we are going to see results in terms of how mice respond to drugs. Nearly 9 out of 10 of these drugs do not actually reach the market. We are urging universities to end this pointless research, and basically all depression experiments that are being carried out. They should stop accepting funds from the British Heart foundation and start working with students on more ethical and modern animal research forms.

BT: What are some alternatives to animal-testing? What are their benefits?

Claire: The fact is that 90% of this research is not called ‘fundamental’ or ‘basic’ research. It is not for life-saving drugs, so they just need to cut that out all-together. If they are studying depression, scientists should be looking at people with depression and all the different factors that cause depression in humans, rather than animals. We have test tube methods, models based on human cell tissues, tissue culture, computer models and simulations, stem cell as well as genetic testing methods. The technology is out there but is not being used, it is not being funded, and that is the problem. We also have the additional problem of outdated legislation. So for the research with regards to ‘life-saving’ drugs, you have to go through two species of mammals. That is outdated legislation.

BT: What would your response be to the use of animals in research where there are no alternatives that provide robust enough results?

Claire: We don’t believe that animals are necessary at all. We believe alternative are always there but they are just not being used.

BT: How effective do you think is the UK government’s policy towards animal testing and research –particularly the Animals act of 1986 and their enforcement of the 3Rs –replacement, reduction and refinement?

Claire: Unfortunately, the government is not placing enough emphasis on the one R which is replacement of animals. Animal Justice Project is a one R organisation. We don’t advocate refinement or reduction of animals because we don’t believe it is necessary to use animals at all. The government is not putting enough money into alternatives, it needs to update its legislation. Unfortunately the pharmaceutical industry is a multi-million pound industry. British Heart foundation is making £600 million a year and so is Cancer Research UK. Big money is what is driving this industry. It is culture, repeating what is already been done and it is outdated legislation. The government needs to absolutely start funding more non-animal research and basically needs to update its legislation.

BT: On the website for the campaign, you mention that industries that exploit animals trick us into believing a narrative that is detached from the truth. To what extent do you think marketing and advertising influences a common consumer?

Claire: Similar to the agricultural industry, the pharmaceutical industry ploughs a lot of money into advertising. Unfortunately, a lot of people still think it is either their child or a dog, which is just not accurate. Every few months there are “breakthroughs”, but we still don’t have a cure for cancer. They are still spending millions of pounds today. Charities are funding inhumane and unnecessary ‘mouse research’. Students are influenced by advertising. These charities will plough millions of pounds into advertising to roll out the message that it is either a child or a dog/ mouse. This is simply not the case. There are alternatives.

ANIMAL JUSTICE:

an alternative perspective

By Nidhi Arun

The Animal Justice Project’s launch of the Lifeline campaign on campus grounds was both potent and compelling. However, we were certain the activists’ portrayal was only one side of a multifaceted subject.

Our quest to get a rounded perspective of the issue led us to Dr. Sarah Bailey’s body of work. Dr. Bailey is a senior lecturer in the University’s Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology as well as the Chair of the Animal Research Forum. Her work primarily focuses on understanding how the brain responds to stress and using that knowledge to develop new and better antidepressants. Akin to a large expanse of medical research, her research uses mice to study brain activity and behavioural changes. Given that over four million UK adults experience depression at any one time, Dr. Bailey underlines the need to understand brain mechanisms that cause depression more thoroughly. Undoubtedly, animal research plays a key role in this endeavour. In a candid article she wrote for The Guardian, Dr. Bailey admits she grew up in a scientific environment that encouraged people to avoid speaking about the use of animals in research. This was to protect them from the violent personal attacks conducted by animal rights activists on scientists involved in such projects.

On the contrary, surveys undertaken recently have shown that a vast majority of UK public support the use of animals in research where there is no alternative. But, according to the aforementioned Guardian article, only 30-40% trust scientists not to cause unnecessary harm. Research involving animals is fundamentally important in the quest to understand disease mechanisms. Our University carries out various research projects that include the use of vertebrates, particularly for the development of new therapies for chronic and distressing conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression and neurodegenerative disease. The gap between public understanding of this kind of research and scientists’ efforts to communicate them demanded more transparent dialogue.

The result was the launch of the ‘Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK’ in 2014, of which Bath University is a signatory. This means that the University has committed to be clear about how and why animals are used in research and to make this information publicly available. The open approach has since quelled many myths about the use of animals in experiments. In 2017, a TV camera crew even managed to access animal facilities maintained for research purposes at the University, a feat that was unimaginable not too long ago.

A range of animal based research is carried out in our University’s Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Biology labs. None of this work involves the use of dogs, cats, horses or non-human primates. All experiments are scrutinised by a veterinary surgeon and procedures are carefully designed to minimise animal suffering. Surgical procedures are always performed under sedation, animals are closely monitored at all times and given appropriate pain relief. The University has a purpose-built animal facility and a dedicated team of health and welfare officers who provide day-to-day care along with an on-call veterinary surgeon.

Projects that are currently in progress at the animal facility include:

• A study on how genes and environment in early life impact adult health. Mouse blood pressure measurements aid scientists ’ understanding of how characteristic determinants during early life translate into later life health. • Another study uses zebrafish genetic models to better understand a human disease gene associated with skin and pigment diseases. • There are also considerable efforts being made to develop a minimally invasive method of blood sampling in mice, which allows multiple samples to be taken from the same animal in a manner that causes as little stress as possible.

However, one of the most ambitious projects currently being undertaken is to understand early embryonic development using a model based on mouse genetics. The purpose of this study is to answer the key question that has plagued biologists for centuries: ‘How do cells make decisions in order to generate tissues and organs in a coordinated manner?’. It is vital to address such questions in the field of Developmental Biology because any problems in this cell decision making will stop growth of an embryo, resulting in a miscarriage even before the woman acknowledges the pregnancy. 76% of miscarriages happen during this stage of embryo development.

Every animal starts as a single cell which divides to form different groups of cells. Each of these groups will form all the tissues present in the adult but also those required to support embryonic growth. In the first decision, some cells separate from the rest to form the placenta. In the second decision, cells decide to become part of the embryo or the yolk sac. Laboratory scientists at the University are currently studying the second decision which happens only a few days after fertilisation in mice. The mouse is an ideal model to understand this process as there are clear similarities with humans and important discoveries were initially made in this model system, before undertaking similar studies in humans. In order to reduce the number of animals used for experimentation, researchers are also using mouse embryonic stem cells which have been modified to allow the study of this decision. This approach although new, is allowing rapid progress in the field.

In the UK, research involving non-human vertebrates is regulated by the Home Office and all work is carried out by license. Projects are reviewed initially by the local Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) which includes scientists, veterinarians, animal welfare officers and lay members, and finally by the Home Office Inspectorate. This ensures that, for any proposed project, the benefits from research unambiguously outweighs any possible discomfort to the animals.

As the University already has an ethical review procedure for licensed animal use, it was considered good practice to build on the existing knowledge and expertise to extend this to non-licensed animal and tissue use. A new policy introduced at the turn

of the decade set procedures relating to the use of animals in research and teaching that was not covered by Home Office legislation. The University has also never been involved in cosmetic testing on animals, which has been banned in the UK since 1997. The protest that took place on campus on the 15th of September explicitly targeted a recent study published by the University of Bath that reveals a new potential mechanism for combating drug addiction relapse. Researchers used an animal model to study relapse on morphine seeking behaviour and after conducting certain experiments found that rats or mice learned to associate particular environmental cues with morphine. Even after removal of the drugs, relapse back to drug-seeking behaviour occurred in response to getting the cues again.

When approached for comment by Bath Time on claims put forth by campaigners, Chris Melvin, the Media Manager for the Faculty of Science, responded: “The University of Bath conducts biomedical research aimed at understanding disease and developing new drugs. We work with a range of small animals such as mice, rats, and fish. Our researchers have made significant advances in motor neuron disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, cancer and the therapeutic potential of stem cells because of animal studies. Research at the University is investigating how the use of animals can be reduced, or even replaced, by using tissue culture and computer modelling, but some properties are shown only by whole animals.”

In addition he refuted points made by the Animal Justice Project campaign group on grounds of being inaccurate. While the press release by the group claimed the study on drug addiction relapse involved drilling rats’ skulls and implanting cannulas that allowed administration of drugs in the brain by researches, as well as almost two months of successive drug injections, Chris clarified that animals only received an injection once daily on 10 seperate days rather than being ‘repeatedly administered’. He also stated that in contrast to statements made by the group, in no experiment conducted by the University have animals experienced skin burning. This is due to the time limitation on ‘Warm Water Tail Withdrawal’ tests that has been put in place in order to protect them. Animals used for research at the University are purpose built and majority of experiments conducted on them are ‘mild’ (e.g. Blood sample) or ‘moderate’ as classified by the Home Office.

No-one wants to use animals for research purposes and the faculty is actively finding ways to replace them. Scientists at Bath are investigating how the use of animals can be reduced, or even replaced by human brain slice cultures for epilepsy research. They also use tissue culture and computer modelling but some properties are only shown by whole animals. For example, although vascular cells can be studied in tissue culture, the regulation of blood culture can only be studied in whole animals. In these instances the research faculty is committed to ensure that animal numbers are kept to the minimum possible to provide credible data and that all procedures are as refined as possible to reduce any possible suffering.

THROUGH THE GOLDEN LOOKING GLASS

By Madeleine Page, Columnist

Life is depressing. There is no getting away from it. I mean, you can’t log on to Twitter, news apps, or watch TV without becoming extremely depressed about what’s happening in the world. Seriously, I see one Brexit headline and I feel terribly upset that the volume of people who voted for Brexit outnumbered the other, sane half of the population, and even more upset that I’ve got sympathy for a Tory trying to negotiate the deal for us. Thinking of Theresa May’s kitten heels click-clacking across to Brussels as she tries and fails to negotiate a good deal for something 49% of the country don’t want, herself included, is enough for anyone to fill up.

In the spirit of ignoring the depressing events going on around us, I’m aiming to make this column somewhere you can come for some light comedy relief. As a taste of what’s to come, I’m going to find something positive in the main depressing things going on in the world today.

1. You’d have to be living under a rock to not know anything about the Me Too and Time’s

Up movements, and the Brett Kavanaugh (or

Brett KavaNAH, as I’ve started calling him – at least I make myself laugh) sexual assault allegations, or even the news that rape convictions in England are down. It is really really REALLY depressing to think that as more people come forward to report cases of sexual assault, there are less convictions for rape, however, I can help to view this in a positive light! I recently realized that instead of feeling so upset by each and every sexual assault case that came to my attention, I should be grateful that it has caught my attention in the first place. Not too long ago, we lived in a world where most cases of sexual assault weren’t even reported. Improvement.

2. Grenfell Tower. Just those two words flood me with discomfort, as I think about both the horrible scenes of the night the blaze broke out and the recent revelations of the enquiry. Last week, the head of the London fire brigade admitted that nothing could have prepared her firefighters for what they saw that night in the blaze. As shocking and as horrible as it is to even think about what they must have seen, there is some good to come from the tragedy, in the form of

‘Together’, the Grenfell cookbook, launched by

Meghan Markle. This has seriously made me wonder how many signatures I’d need to submit a petition for the

Duchess of Sussex to be promoted to Queen.

Nothing but respect for

MY Queen.

3. Finally, Brexit. Ah, Brexit. Borders. Blue Passports.

Little hints of xenophobia that grow to full blown racism (see: Katie Hopkins’ twitter). I’ll admit there’s not much of a positive twist I can put on this one, but I would like to remind everyone that the nation’s best and brightest are back on our screens, just to incite a little patriotism in the readers. That’s right, The Apprentice is back on Wednesdays at 9pm. You’re welcome.

AN INTERVIEW WITH An Hecho Seller

By Darcey Stickley, edited by Laura Albertini

In the first two weeks of August, I was lucky enough to spend time in the offices of Hecho, Bs As, the Argentine equivalent of the Big Issue. Hecho is an initiative that aims to dismantle poverty by encouraging rough sleepers to sell a regularly published magazine for a small profit. Here, I was able to interact with lots of different people, talk to them about a range of issues, and learn to appreciate the rewards that hard work and collaboration can provide. Every issue has a ‘Seller of the Month’ and the main office coordinator was kind enough to let me conduct one. Read below for an insight into an Argentine magazine vendor’s life, as told by one of Hecho’s best, Luis Molina.

With a kind and smiling face, Luis seemed nervous but happy to talk about his work at Hecho. He started in 2004, with the edition starring an interview of Jorge Lanata. From this point onwards, the seller decided he’d found the best job for him, elaborating that the job gave him immense happiness and an enjoyment of growing with the magazine.

His selling technique? “Showing who I am. It’s important that they know you and what goes on in the magazine in order to sell well and successfully.”

Luis feels very lucky to sell this magazine. For him, Hecho has lifted him spiritually and given him a harmonious life. Within that, he believes that the magazine focuses on different cultures and viewpoints and so it’s for that reason that “when the new edition gets released, I always read it attentively to know what it says and so that people know how interesting this magazine is.”

He doesn’t sell anything else nor does he have another job. This is because, according to him, it’s the only occupation that allows him to grow financially and to overcome daily tasks; “paying the bills, buying what I want, having fun...this magazine gives me hope to continue aiming high and reaching my goals.” For him, being a Hecho vendor means “happiness, a future and knowledge without limits.”

Luis also doesn’t think he would have reached the same conclusion had he been at another job: “I worked in a photocopier, in a pub, a club, in restaurants, as a florist...at the end of it all, I realised I never wanted to leave the magazine again, because I see it as my life support.”

With regard to the clients, “I try to converse with ease, because I know selling this magazine is opening many doors that were not there before.” Not only that, but Luis also has regular clients. In his experience, “there’s a friendship. Sometimes we’ll go out to get something to eat or meet up and chat... this friendship is something indispensable, something I could never even have dreamt of.”

Speaking about his experience on the street, he

told us that the most special thing that had happened to him was meeting musicians as they busked, knowing he’d listened to their music since a young age. He also likes to participate in the activities that Hecho offers. “A few years ago the workshops helped me recover. Now, I do the competitions and they’re a perfect way of selling the magazine while learning and having stories to tell people.”

In his personal life, he told us he’d finished secondary school and later went on to study the arts, primarily “literature, poetry, music...I can play the guitar, too.” As for his family, he lives with his mother and near his brother, who has two children, one of whom is Luis’ godson.

His dream? He takes a while to respond, but when he does, his response is heartwarming: “I’d like to have a family of my own and find someone with the same tastes as me, crossing boundaries [together] that will help me to be a better person. “

As for the other sellers and the customers of Hecho en Buenos Aires, he leaves a strong message. “Value this job because it will give you such strength and success...it’s not difficult, [all you need] is good conduct.”

If you are interested in supporting Hecho, visit their Facebook page facebook.com/hechoenbsas. For more local causes, check out www.bigissue.com

The Wood Wide Web

How compelling research is changing our view of plant behaviour

By Rob Brett, Columnist

Recent developments in biology are changing the way we look at woodlands and the organisms that live within them. Trees are often considered passive creatures that take whatever they’re given. Perhaps it has something to do with the scale at which they conduct their lives (oaks don’t reach fully-grown adulthood until they’re one hundred and twenty). New work is shining light on just how active trees and other plants are and dispelling the myth of plants being more object than organism. Over ninety percent of plants forge connections to mycelium, a thin and threadlike substance that forms ‘webs’ in the soil – it’s the vegetative part of a fungi, from which the mushroom fruits. The fungal threads wrap around the root tips of plants (including trees), and there is an exchange of nutrients. This is a classic symbiotic relationship where both parties benefit from co-operating and on the surface, it doesn’t seem that interesting. But this is more than simple symbiosis. The same threads form connections across forests, sometimes between hundreds of organisms. These connections are like an underground internet. Biologists refer to these networks as the “Wood Wide Web.” Trees do not just exchange nutrients with the fungus - they use the network to transfer nutrients to other trees of their species. This is interesting enough by itself, but it turns out that they will prioritise their offspring. This makes perfect evolutionary sense – what better way to ensure that genetics survive? Still, I don’t often think of oak’s as doting mothers, but the evidence shows that they actively nourish their young. The web is not only used to transfer nutrients. It is also used as a means of communication. Electrical impulses are sent along the network to warn other trees of, for example, insect infestations. Trees can then defend themselves by pumping organic pesticide into their leaves. If a tree in the network comes under attack, a signal is sent to other members of the species as a warning. Studies have shown that the signal is received, as a message of sorts, and that the receiver will pump the same pesticide out in anticipation of the oncoming assault. In some cases, these signals are not restricted to members of the same species, and other plants have shown a kind of ‘eavesdropping’ behaviour. They listen in to the network to catch wind of any circulating rumours, to the extent that a plant can. Some plants even possess a memory of sorts. A mimosa – a type of tropical herb, is a ‘sensitive plant’. They close their leaves to protect themselves from damage. An experiment was done where drops of water were pipetted onto the mimosa at regular intervals. At first the mimosa would recoil. After a while they stopped reacting, as if they had learnt that they were in no danger from the water. If the experiment was repeated weeks later, they “remembered” that they were safe and didn’t flinch. So next time you’re in the woods, take a second to appreciate the full extent of our ignorance. Even something as familiar as a tree hides mystery that we’re only just beginning to unravel. With our current understanding we cannot say what it feels like to be a tree, or if a tree has something we can call experience. Complex behaviour does not imply awareness. Still, we know it’s not as simple as we once thought. And that’s why science is a lot of fun.

I was first exposed to mycelium networks through an amazing book called The Hidden of Trees by Peter Wohlleben. If you’ve found this article interesting, check it out for a more detailed exploration of the nuanced and complex lives of our leafy companions.

BATHTIME Book Club

MEN WITHOUT WOMEN (2017), Haruki Murakami A subtle and stylish examination of men who find themselves alone.

by Robert Brett

Though widely known for his novels, Haruki Murakami admits that he’d rather spend his time writing short stories. In his own words – “short stories are like guidebooks for my heart.” Varying in pace and texture, but thematically linked to the idea of men who find themselves alone in the world (hence the title of the book), this collection of six stories is both heartfelt and penetrating. Though full of the tropes expected from Murakami – isolation, loss, friendly neighbourhood cats, this is a surprisingly eclectic release.

Superficially, Murakami is very odd to read. Obsessed with the idea of ordinary people suddenly catapulted into extraordinary circumstances, to read his work often feels surreal and unsettling. Best known for cultivating what is often described as a ‘Kafkaesque’ atmosphere, his ability to create quirky and emotionally nuanced characters is often overlooked. Though his surrealism is a lot of fun, beneath the surface lies tender portrayals of the characters he creates. Men Without Women plays to this strength well; Aside from the fifth story, Samsa’s Lover, the stories are rooted in realism. This leaves ample room for the emotional tapestries of his characters to unravel. The central theme weaves itself around each character differently and is summed up perfectly in the final tale as the narrator states bluntly – “At a certain time, losing one woman means losing all women.”

Though each character carries a different emotional burden, they differ in shape rather than substance. Kino, after losing his wife, retreats inside of his lonesome, smoky bar. Kitaru ends his childhood relationship at twenty because he’s worried that things will be too comfortable if he carries it on. Dr Tokai’s world is flipped on its head by a brief relationship late in his life which ends abruptly. Each of these men experience one of the many facets of loss.

These aren’t loud stories. Instead, they’re delicate and accurate snippets of the human experience. They’re comforting and abrasive simultaneously; at once melancholic and hopeful. The truth of Murakami’s writing exists within the subtleties of his characters and the texture of their emotions. This is what he achieves so well. Painted in delicate strokes, his narrative is quiet and unassuming, and as a result thoroughly relatable.

A self-confessed “obsessive collector of records”, Murakami’s passion for jazz is felt throughout. His writing is spontaneous and organic. From name drops of his favourite artists to the quiet ambience of Kino’s bar, the sheer style of these stories is enough of a reason to pick up a copy. If you’ve read his work before, this is top shelf. If not, a sure way to begin an obsession of your own.

TOP 5 BOOKS

to get you through 1st Year

By Chloé Granger

First year is arguably the most crucial and daunting year of your university degree (sorry, I don’t mean to scare you!). Despite it not counting towards your overall degree grade, do not be fooled into thinking it’s a time to let loose of the reins, as you will still need to maintain focus and a positive work ethic to set yourself up for success in the future. I shan’t sugar-coat it… there may be times during your fresher’s year during which you may feel overwhelmed or fatigued; sensations which may compel you to give up completely and retreat into hibernation in your dorm room. However, fear not, as I have compiled a list of the best 5 books you can read in order to carry you through your less bright moments of fresher’s year. I’m aware you may have had enough of extra reading by that point, however, bear with me as these titles promise a more fun, diverting read, which may result in your epiphany that in turn will get you through to Summer.

The Life-Changing Magic of Not

Giving A F**k (2015) by Sarah Knight Although the title of this book may feel counterintuitive in terms of caring greatly about your academic success, this parody book gives advice on how to minimise the stresses in your live by only investing your time and money into things that you deeply love (although tempting, thou shalt not squander thy student loan). Your degree (hopefully) will be something you love to do and are passionate about, therefore, the advice in this book should compel you to focus your energy into your degree, which will provide you with a successful outcome. A lot of the stresses during first year will be to do with issues that are very minor, personal worries and with the help of this book, you should learn the art of letting go of the small, insignificant things that your mind chooses to stress over. Doesn’t that sound bloody marvellous?

Make Your Bed (2017) by William H. McRaven This book is based on a speech (since gone viral) given by Admiral William H. McRaven during a graduation ceremony at the University of Texas. The speech was centred around the ten lessons Admiral McRaven learned from Navy Seal training, which encourages readers to learn from his same experiences to enhance their lives. As a fresher, little tasks may seem the most daunting, however, with the aid of this book, determination will persist as the ideas of helping others, pushing yourself and perseverance are explored.

Burn After Writing: Teen (2015)

By Rhiannon Shove This interactive book invites you to ask yourself some of life’s most intriguing and difficult questions. It’s much harder than it seems to sit down and genuinely answer deep questions about our lives, as we haven’t spent much time thinking about what we want. As students, it’s absurdly easy to get wrapped up into a fast-paced life that is controlled by work, social media and money that we forget what it is we are truly here for. This book was designed to have fun with, to discover yourself in a jovial yet true way, so, if you allow yourself, this book could enable you to find yourself amid the haze that is first year.

The Little Book of Hangovers (2015)

by Quentin Parker Although we’re concentrating on working hard during first year, there is no doubt that this is the year to let your hair down and party like year 9’s (big up Bacardi Breezers and WKD’s… ah, those were the days). After a night of heavy drinking, hangovers are inevitable and it’s safe to say they are one of the most rotten sensations of the human body; especially if you have lectures to attend. This nifty little book is jam-packed full of tips and tricks to try and wave goodbye to your alcohol-induced nausea, which in turn will make your day much more productive. I wish I had found this book sooner, however, for those of you reading this, I hope you will act smartly and buy it ASAP.

Student Hacks: Tips and Tricks to

Make Uni Life Easier (2018) by Dan Marshall Acting as a sort of manual for navigating first year, this guide book contains the essential life hacks that a student could possibly need, from ways to make your student loan stretch further to revision hacks. A cleverly written book full of wit and humour, you will not regret giving this a read as it will certainly make your student life that bit easier, which is something we all love the sound of.

EVERYBODY REALLY IS TALKING ABOUT JAMIE

By Darcey Stickley

If you’ve been to London recently, you may have noticed a blondehaired, red-lipped man singing at you from one of those posters you slide by on the Tube. That man, uniform and all, is Jamie New.

Jamie is a 16 year old boy from Sheffield who lives with his mum after his dad left home. He’s about to start his GCSEs, but he has a bigger plan on his mind: becoming a drag queen.

This is the story of a young gay man living in a world not quite ready for him and his exuberance. His father, now with a different woman, was never very accepting of his son’s antics but with the help of Jamie’s mother and the support network around him, Jamie is able to pursue his dream.

As every musical should, there is a range of varied music to fit the moods of the show: ballads, upbeat dance numbers and witty tongue-in-cheek songs to make you chuckle. This is all thanks to Dan Gillespie Sells, the Musical Director of the show, and his wonderful team. Not only has his talent has taken him to different formats of theatre:, Sells has also been awarded the 2015 Stonewall award for Entertainer of the Decade for his work in the LGBT community and the 2007 Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year, both of which are deserved after watching ETAJ.

Aside from the music, I, personally, loved the characters displayed: Jamie himself, despite all his troubles, is shown how he can be selfcentred at times, through his closest friend, Pritti. Jamie’s mum, for all her support, has a moment of self-doubt and ponders how much caution she should be giving her son. Lastly, Ms Hedge, the class’ teacher, is representative of the grey area, of the people who support you until you go ‘too far.’ Overall, the cast was complex, diverse and brilliant at representing a day in the life of a boy coming of age.

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URINE TOWN

Atale of love and revolution in a dystopian town coping with a worldwide water shortage. Winner of three Tony Awards, three Outer Critics Circle Awards, two Lucille Lortel Awards and two Obie Awards, ‘Urinetown: The Musical’ is an hilarious musical satire of capitalism, social irresponsibility, populism, bureaucracy, corporate mismanagement, municipal politics and musical theatre itself!

A terrible water shortage, caused by a 20year drought, has led to a government-enforced ban on private toilets. The citizens must use public amenities, regulated by a single malevolent company that profits by charging admission for one of humanity’s most basic needs. Amid the people, a hero decides that he’s had enough and plans a revolution to lead them all to freedom!

EROTICA Bus Encounters

By Peanyle Disfon-Ksion

Chastity, a young, ambitious yet innocent young woman explores the intimate pleasures of being a University of Bath student.

Chastity was waiting in line for the U1 on a dreary October night to get back home. She had just come from her cheerleading trials and had had no time to change. Suddenly she was knocked out of her day dream by a powerful thrust. “I’m so sorry,” said a husky, powerful voice, “I need to get to the bus”. She recognised the tight purple outfit of the bus driver, straining over the enormity of his muscles, who gave her a piercing look before penetrating the double doors to the driver’s seat. She stepped in, looking him in the eye. “A return ticket,” she moaned, “please”. She slid the coins onto the counter. His thick dark hands picked up the coins from the grainy plastic surface. Those fingers were going to provide enough imagination for at least one trip down Bathwick. “That’s enough for a… one-way ticket” he whispered back, in a velvety Somerset accent. “Oh, I guess I won’t be going both ways tonight.” As she went and sat down at the back, she could not stop thinking about the hunky man gripping the wheel. The touch of polyester fabric from his corporate polo shirt in the queue had awakened senses she had never before known. She had the feeling she wasn’t just going to be screwed by First buses tonight. As the bus filled up, steam covered the windows until she could run her finger on the wet glass. She inhaled deeply as the bus started to rock back and forth down the hill. Suddenly she heard his strong voice announcing that his shift had ended, and that everyone had to get off the bus. Not her, she thought. Chastity crouched behind the seat whilst the bus emptied, waiting for her driver. She knew the bus wasn’t the only thing he’d park tonight. Suddenly she heard his breathing coming towards her; in an instant he was there, towering over her. “A night ticket please.” she murmured.

SUDOKU

Complete the grid so that every row, column and every 3x3 box contains the digits 1 to 9. Solve the puzzle by logic and reasoning alone, there is no maths involved.

HOROSCOPES

As the Sun makes its annual rounds through Virgo, this month puts you in the mode for getting back to Uni as you aspire to better yourself for the upcoming semester. This may motivate you to actually listen carefully in your lectures as you will take more from them than you might expect. Use October as the month for paying attention to detail, even though it may seem boring, as you are likely to have a lightbulb moment this month. You’ve been hurt before, Taurus, and you may be about to experience that again if you don’t play hard to get. You may be doubting yourself which, in turn, will damage your self-image. Head to a fun night out (Bingo Lingo or MNB) to boost your confidence and remember to play hard to get with those you may have your eye on. Your personal life, as well as living arrangements or conditions, are in sharp focus as you begin October, Gemini. This a good period for strengthening ties with those closest to you, meaning that you should focus on cultivating deeper relationships with your housemates as this will put you in good stead for the upcoming year. Make your housemates feel special and wanted, as you will soon be rewarded with loyalty and a bunch of good friendships.

Keep yourself mentally stimulated, Cancer, as this month will involve a lot of clarity for you. The fog may have just lifted over a relationship or friendship and you will have a better understanding of where you stand with others. As you learn who your real allies are, make the effort to invite them for a coffee on Campus or to a fun night out at Komedia with your other friends. You may find these will become your favourite memories this year. Be careful not to lead anyone on, Leo, if you don’t feel interested in them. If you’re chirpsing someone at the moment but you’re not really feeling it, make your sentiment known so as to not hurt the other person involved. You may feel sluggish this month if you don’t allow yourself enough rest, so maybe lay off Friday Night Bridge if you’re feeling under the weather and sue the weekends as an opportunity to rejuvenate. Although your student loan will be coming in this month, resist from spending it all straight away, however hard that may seem, Virgo. Refrain from making impulse purchases such as muffins from 4W café or Ben & Jerry’s from Fresh (even if they’re half price!) and you will be surprised with how much money you’ll have left at the end of it. Balancing your finances is an essential skill to learn at University and this will be the month that you fully grasp the importance of this skill.

You may feel as though your course mates aren’t pulling any of their own weight this month, Libra. Whether they’re not putting enough research into a group task or they haven’t made any adjustments on the Prezi presentation, you may feel frustrated. Talk to them and try and encourage them to put in the work and you will all receive a much higher grade if there is cooperation and harmony between everyone. Refrain from complaining to your lecturer as this will lose you some brownie points. October is an ideal month for bonding with others, Scorpio, and particularly from the 9th forward, you’re in great shape for appeal, magnetism, and popularity. This is a great time to join new societies or groups as you will find you will have a lot of success within them due to your attraction and social aptitude. This month may make you find it hard to discuss personal matters with those close to you. This may cause tension between your mates (house or course) if you fail to open up to them about your true feelings. Whether someone’s personal cleanliness is bugging you or you are bothered by a course mate’s behaviour, talk to them about how you’re feeling, and you may find a weight has been lifted off your shoulders. Your honesty will win you respect.

This month for you, Capricorn, is about focus. The Sun is voyaging through Virgo, which carries a sense of optimism and possibility to everything you do. You’re able to see the peripheries rather than just tunnel visioning on the tiny details. Use this once-ayear transportation to take a few well-timed risks around your dreams. Sign up for new societies, book some fun events with your housemates, get advice from your DoS on how to get the most out of your degree studies this year and you may find you’ll excel. This month will enable you to feel more spontaneous, Aquarius, as the sun enters your adventure sector. Use this new-found spontaneity to better your studies or to plan a fun getaway with a mate as you will have all this new energy. However, you must pace yourself, Aquarius, as you don’t want to burn yourself out and have nothing left for the rest of the semester. Focus on making some good memories within your societies and achieving good grades in your coursework. Relationships are the main event this month, with the Sun making its annual rounds through the most commitment-centric parts of your chart. Focus on bringing all of your house mates closer by organising a cosy movie night all together or a fun night out in Bristol. Making the effort to hang out together more will help you form a special bond quicker, which will boost your overall student experience this year, Pisces. However, make sure you put equal focus into your work, as this semester will be a lot tougher on you than you expect.

WHAT’S ON

Bath University Latin and Ballroom:

STRICTLY COME BATH (Date tbc) In this charity fundraiser, university celebrities with no L&B experience pair up with club professionals and learn a routine to perform live in front of you, in just three weeks.

Bath Forum, Friday 26th October As part of a 35-date tour, Jools and his 19-piece orchestra will perform a tremendous collection of his own compositions and boogie-woogie classics, delighting fans of all ages. The ensemble will be joined by Soft Cell frontman Marc Almond, best known for the international sensation ‘Tainted Love’, and the supremely talented vocalists Ruby Turner and Louise Marshall.

MusicSoc:

Starting Monday 1st October, Open Mic, weekly, 7pm Live music + pizza at Bath Pizza Co in Green Park Station on Wednesday 3rd October. Live music + afterparty Saturday 27th October,The Nest.

ChaOS:

Auditions for Big Band Idol: Tuesday 9th October at 8W 2.9. Contact us at su-chaos@bath. ac.uk. Big Band Idol: Sunday 28th October in the Arts Theatre, he Edge. Visit facebook.com/ BathChaOS or The Edge Website for more info and tickets.

On Campus

THE SERVANT OF TWO

MASTERS, Thursday 18th-Saturday 20th October:

If you’ve ever had an interest in theatre, whether it be acting, writing, directing or getting creative behind the scenes, then come and give Bath University Student Theatre a try. From comedy to tragedy, BUST has been doing all things theatrical since 1969, providing endless opportunities for anyone and everyone regardless of experience. Interested? Check out our first show of the year ‘Servant of Two Masters’, a hilarious Commedia dell’arte classic about Truffaldino’s efforts to serve two masters without being found out. On Campus

WALKING THE RED CARPET,

Friday 9thSaturday 10th October:

Welcome to the biggest show of 2018, DanceSoc’s movie themed Winter Show – ‘Walking the Red Carpet’! Experience our advanced competition numbers, enjoy exotic dance styles of top guest performers (ft Latin and Ballroom) and groove to the beat of dances choreographed by our very talented students! Make sure you don’t miss it; we can’t wait to see you there!

For more details on these events and societies, please visit the What’s On section on our website

www.unibathtime.co.uk

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