Archaeology of Barnsley by Barnsley Museums

The Archaeology of Barnsley

From Prehistory to the Edwardians

Contents Foreword and Introduction Prehistory Roman Roman Coins Medieval Early Industry Victorian and Edwardian Acknowledgements

04 06 10 14 22 26 30 34

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Bronze Roman bracelet, 2nd – 3rd century AD, Billingley BMBC.TH.1362

Foreword

Introduction

The Museums Association’s Collections for the Future report of 2005 concluded that “too many museum collections are underused – not displayed, published, used for research or even understood by the institutions that care for them.” The Esmée Fairbairn Collections Fund was therefore delighted to support this project to build knowledge, appreciation and use of a large archaeological collection that has remained hidden for many years.

The opening of Experience Barnsley has been an exciting initiative, enhancing the public understanding and appreciation of the heritage of Barnsley and its region. Given the importance of the new facility, staff and students from the Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield were delighted to be invited to collaborate with Barnsley Arts, Museums and Archives Service in the study of the museum’s archaeological collections. Prior to Experience Barnsley opening, The project is an important these collections were brought example of the potential benefit together in Barnsley, having of collaborations between previously been curated by universities and museums, museum services in Sheffield and in this case, generating a richer Doncaster. This has enabled the knowledge of the collection that collections to be studied together will aid the museum and benefit and a selection of artefacts to the people of Barnsley in the be displayed, both for the first long-term. time. This catalogue has been The project has been produced to enhance access to developmental for those involved, the wide array of archaeological and we hope that learning will material ranging from deepest continue to be shared widely prehistory to the early twentieth with other professionals both century. The catalogue has been regionally and nationally; researched and written by Dr demonstrating the inspiring and Vicky Crewe, ably assisted by engaging potential of collections. undergraduate and postgraduate students of archaeology from the Charlotte Holmes University of Sheffield. Collections Coordinator (acting) Museums Association

The Archaeology of Barnsley

The archaeological collections of Experience Barnsley offer some important insights into the lives of inhabitants of the region over thousands of years. Finds of prehistoric flint and stone tools provide the best understanding we currently have of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze-Age activity in the region. Everyday life in Roman South Yorkshire is shown through finds of pottery, jewellery and an extensive collection of coins. The region’s medieval ecclesiastical history emerges from the artefacts excavated at Monk Bretton Priory, including decorative floor tiles, jugs and candlesticks, and the remains of a pewter chalice placed in a grave at the site. Arguably, however, the most important aspects of the collection derive from the region’s early industrial phases from the seventeenth century onwards. Archaeological remains of national significance survive from the glassworks at Gawber and Silkstone. Some of the products of the important pottery works that succeeded the glassworks at Silkstone are also depicted in the catalogue. Finally, aspects of childhood in the Victorian and Edwardian

periods appear in the finds from, in particular, Houndhill near Worsbrough, including fragments of dolls and decorated mugs. It is hoped that this catalogue will raise awareness of the range of the museum’s archaeological collections and will encourage visitors to explore those collections for themselves. The collaboration with staff at Barnsley Arts, Museums and Archives Service has, in particular, provided students from the Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield with valuable opportunities for workplace learning. Moreover, the Department has been delighted to demonstrate its commitment to civic life through helping to display and disseminate information about the region’s heritage. Professor Dawn Hadley Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield

Prehistory The archaeology collections include a range of objects from the prehistoric period. In Britain archaeologists generally divide the prehistoric era into five main phases: the Palaeolithic (750,000 – 12,000 years ago), the Mesolithic (9600 – 4000 BC), the Neolithic (4000 – 2300 BC), the Bronze Age (2300 – 800 BC), and the Iron Age (800 BC – AD 43). Most of the prehistoric artefacts are flint and stone tools, many of which were chance finds during fieldwalking, mining or reservoir building during the twentieth century. A large proportion of these tools come from towards the west and south-west of the borough, from areas such as Penistone and Langsett. There are many more prehistoric flint finds from areas such as Dunford, Wortley, Hunshelf and Wharncliffe. These remain at Museums Sheffield as part of larger regional collections amassed by local archaeologists such as Leslie Butcher. So far, archaeological evidence for prehistoric settlements or cemeteries in the region is sparse, although these sites may well exist and lie undiscovered.

example from Langsett. Axe heads like these would originally have been attached to a wooden shaft and tied on with leather or vegetable fibre cord. Neolithic flints have also been discovered in Thurgoland. A flint dagger from Birdwell marks the transition into the Bronze Age. There are several particularly impressive Bronze Age finds in the collection, including a decorated waisted stone hammer head from Wharncliffe Wood. The incised decoration, made up of scratched lines, appears to be a stylised fish. The only metal find of the prehistoric era in the collection is a socketed spear head of Bronze Age date, made of bronze and discovered during quarrying near Penistone. There are no Iron Age finds in the collection, although a Romano-British settlement at Billingley Drive in Thurnscoe may have developed from a late Iron Age farmstead.

The earliest finds in the collection are Mesolithic, and include flint flakes and a small flint blade, both from Langsett. The Neolithic period is well represented within the collections, with a flint knife from Wortley, a polished stone axe head from Penistone and an unpolished

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Mesolithic flint blade, Long Moor, Langsett BMBC.TH.1353

Mesolithic flint waste, Langsett BMBC.TH.1352.2

Neolithic polished stone axe head, Penistone BMBC.TH.1351

Unpolished Neolithic stone axe head, Underbank Reservoir, Langsett BMBC.TH.1162

Neolithic flint knife, Wortley BMBC.TH.1354

Prehistoric flint scraper, High Street, Shafton BMBC.TH.1350

Prehistory

Late Mesolithic or early Neolithic flint, Wombwell BMBC.TH.1357

Late Mesolithic or early Neolithic flint, Wombwell BMBC.TH.1356

Prehistoric flint scraper, Wombwell BMBC.TH.1355

Prehistoric flint flake, Dodworth BMBC.TH.1358

Prehistoric flint fragments, Dearne Towns Link Road BMBC.TH.1403

Prehistoric curved scraper, Dearne Towns Link Road BMBC.TH.1404

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Bronze Age stone axe hammer, 2000 BC, Scout Dyke Reservoir, Penistone LI.BMBC.TH.2012.14

Neolithic or Bronze Age flint dagger, Birdwell BMBC.TH.1359

Bronze Age waisted stone hammer head, Stead Spring, Wharncliffe Wood BMBC.TH.1163

Decorative detail of Bronze Age waisted stone hammer head, Stead Spring, Wharncliffe Wood BMBC.TH.1163

Prehistoric polished stone axe, Gosling Spring, Wortley BMBC.TH.1360

Bronze Age bronze spearhead 1400 – 1000 BC, Town Edge Quarries, Crow Edge, Penistone BMBC.TH.1361

Roman The Roman period in Britain lasted from around AD 43 – AD 410. In Britain, Roman influence extended as far north as the Antonine Wall in lowland Scotland and even to military bases on the River Tay in north-east Scotland. Roman troops were present in South Yorkshire from soon after the start of Roman rule, with the fort at Templeborough in Rotherham constructed around AD 54 and the city of York founded around AD 71. The Barnsley area seems to have been occupied by Romans from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD. Aerial photographs have revealed a range of possible Roman sites in the area, although few of these have been excavated. The presence of enclosures and field systems is suggested by cropmarks (which are created when below-ground archaeological remains affect the growth of crops) at places such as Wharncliffe, Wombwell and Wortley. Most of the evidence points towards small domestic farmsteads, rather than occupation by the Roman military.

as a large assemblage of locally produced Roman pottery sherds. This includes a broken but complete bowl from one of the graves in the cemetery. The excavators also found an intact high-quality iron snaffle bit for a horse, which would have been used for horse-riding rather than agricultural work. This item had been deliberately placed in the terminal of the ditch and may have been buried as a votive or ritual deposit. Quernstones (large, round stone slabs for grinding grain) have been discovered at places such as Darfield, and these also show the domestic nature of occupation in the region.

Other finds of the Roman era include a bronze bracelet from Billingley, which was found during open cast coal mining in 1950. This is thought to date to the 2nd or 3rd century AD. It has been decorated with tiny indented dots, with what appear to be stylised snakes’ heads at both ends. A single bronze coin found in a garden in Gawber dates from AD 70 – 71. This is a billon tetradrachm coin of the Emperor A Roman farmstead was Vespasian, made at a mint at excavated at Billingley Drive in Alexandria in Egypt. The reverse of Thurnscoe in the early 2000s. the coin depicts a personification The settlement was occupied of the city of Alexandria, wearing between the mid-2nd and midthe elephant skin cap of the city’s 4th centuries AD, and excavated founder Alexander the Great. Some features included a corn-drying of the most well-known Roman finds oven, a field system and a small from Barnsley are three coin hoards cemetery. Many domestic items discovered in Darfield between 1947 recovered during this excavation are and 1950, and these are discussed in the archaeology collections, such in the following section.

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Reconstructed Roman bowl, mid 3rd – 4th century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1366

Reconstructed Roman bowl, mid 3rd – mid 4th century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe, side view BMBC.TH.1366

Beehive quernstone, Darfield BMBC.TH.1364

Upper stone of a Roman quern for grinding grain, Darfield BMBC.TH.1363

Coin of Vespasian, AD 70 – 71, reverse, depicting the personification of the city of Alexandria BMBC.TH.1365

Coin of Vespasian, AD 70 – 71, obverse, depicting the emperor BMBC.TH.1365

Roman

Partially complete reconstructed Roman bowl, 2nd – 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1367

Partially complete reconstructed Roman bowl, 2nd – 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe, side view. BMBC.TH.1367

Bronze Roman bracelet, 2nd – 3rd century AD, Billingley BMBC.TH.1362

High quality iron snaffle bit for a horse, 1st – 4th century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1368

Roman pottery, mid 2nd – mid 4th century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1369

Roman white-slipped jar, 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1370

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Roman greyware bowl, 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1371

Large greyware bowl, 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1372

Roman pottery with cross-hatched decoration, High Street, Shafton BMBC.TH.1347

Roman greyware jar, High Street, Shafton BMBC.TH.1348

Roman bowl, 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1411

Roman bowl, 3rd century AD, Billingley Drive, Thurnscoe BMBC.TH.1410

Roman Coins Three Roman coin hoards were discovered in Darfield during the construction of a housing estate between 1947 and 1950. All three hoards were buried in pots within a few hundred metres of each other. In total, the hoards contained around 1500 coins, many of which are in the museum’s archaeology collections. At the time of their discovery a small selection was purchased by the British Museum, whilst others were donated to what was the Darfield School Museum.

suggesting that the contents of the pot were carefully counted out. They all dated from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. As with the first hoard, the good condition of the later coins suggests that this second hoard was buried around the same time as the first, in the middle of the 3rd century AD. Many of the coins represent the same emperors as those in the first hoard, although there are some rulers who were not represented in the first hoard, such as the Emperor Nerva (AD 96 – 98).

The first hoard was found in January 1947 by a worker digging a trench for a drainpipe and manhole. The hoard contained 481 coins, all silver denarii ranging from the 1st to early 3rd centuries AD. There was one exception; a double denarius of the Emperor Caracalla. However, this went missing soon after the hoard’s discovery. The good condition of the later coins suggests that they hadn’t been in circulation long, and that the hoard was buried around AD 250. There are coins of prominent people including Marc Antony (32 – 31 BC), Nero (AD 54 – 68), Vespasian (AD 69 – 79), Hadrian and his wife Sabina (AD 117 – 138), Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 – 180), Septimius Severus and his wife Julia Domna (AD 193 – 211), and their son Caracalla (AD 198 – 217).

The third hoard came to light in April 1950, whilst a workman was digging a trench for a gas main. This pot contained 541 coins, this time all bronze antoniniani, a less valuable denomination than the silver denarii in the other hoards. All the coins date from AD 259 – AD 282, a much shorter timeframe than the others. They seem to have been buried in the late 3rd century AD. The coins are generally in poor condition and suffering from corrosion, but emperors represented on them include Gallienus (AD 259 – 268), Marius (AD 268), Tetricus I (AD 270 – 273) and Quintillus (AD 270).

The 17th century diarist and antiquarian Abraham de la Pryme records that another Roman coin hoard was also found in Darfield in around 1680, when a local farmer The second hoard was was ploughing his field. This even unearthed 18 months later in included some gold coins. However, September 1948 whilst a workman these were sold to a goldsmith and was laying a water main. This hoard the whereabouts of any surviving contained exactly 500 silver denarii, coins, if there are any, is unknown.

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Coin of Hadrian, AD 117 – 138, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.759

Didia Clara (daughter of Didius Julianus), AD 193, obverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1415

Roman Coins

Reconstructed Roman ceramic vessel which contained the Darfield 1 hoard BMBC.TH.1375

Severus Alexander, AD 224, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.1373

Elagabalus, AD 222, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.1045

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Vespasian, AD 72 – 73, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.722

Antoninus Pius, AD 156 – 157, obverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.775

Antoninus Pius, AD 145 – 161, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.766

Julia Maesa, AD 221 – 226, obverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.1374

Titus, AD 79, reverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.744

Vespasian, AD 75, obverse, Hoard 1 BMBC.TH.731

Roman Coins

Reconstructed Roman ceramic vessel which contained the Darfield 2 hoard BMBC.TH.1377

Trajan, AD 98 – 99, obverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1412

Faustina SNR, AD 140 obverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1413

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Vespasian, AD 69 – 71, obverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1414

Septimius Severus, AD 194, obverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1416

Titus, AD 79, reverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1417

Domitian, AD 76, reverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1418

Antoninus Pius, AD 138, reverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1420

Hadrian, AD 134 – 138, reverse, Hoard 2 BMBC.TH.1421

Roman Coins

Reconstructed Roman ceramic vessel which contained the Darfield 3 hoard BMBC.TH.1376

Marius, obverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1422

Quintillus, obverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1423

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Victorinus, obverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1424

Gallienus, obverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1425

Postumus, reverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1427

Claudius Gothicus, reverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1428

Victorinus, reverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1424

Tetricus II, reverse, Hoard 3 BMBC.TH.1426

Medieval Most of the medieval objects in the archaeology collections come from Monk Bretton Priory. The priory was founded in 1154 and originally housed monks of the Cluniac order. After disagreements with the Mother Church at Pontefract, the priory broke its links with the Cluniac order and became an independent Benedictine Priory in 1281. During the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII, the Priory surrendered to the King’s commissioners in November 1538 and was stripped of many valuables, including building materials such as lead. The priory buildings were later sold and converted into a domestic dwelling, changing hands a number of times between aristocratic families. It was bought by the Barnsley Corporation in the early 20th century and is now owned by Barnsley MBC and in the guardianship of English Heritage.

There are 23 medieval floor tiles in the Monk Bretton collection. Some are complete and some fragmentary, but the majority are plainly decorated with black glaze. There are also several yellow-glazed examples and others that were decorated with floral designs. These are likely to have been part of the Priory structure when it was a religious building. The same is true of the fragments of window glass, much of which is decorated with thin, geometric patterns in red-brown paint. There is also a substantial amount of pottery from Monk Bretton, including a partially complete yellow-glazed candlestick and a brown-glazed two-handled mug decorated with yellow spots. Much of this pottery is thought to date to the period after the Dissolution when the Priory was used as a domestic dwelling. Medieval finds from other sites include a silver penny of David of There have been excavations at Scotland (known as ‘King of the the site on a number of occasions, Scots’) dating from around AD 1141, but many of the finds in the collections come from J W Walker’s found at Cudworth. A carved stone excavations between 1923 and 1926. head from the former Holyrood Catholic Church in Barnsley is also A particularly important find from thought to be medieval. Monk Bretton is a pewter chalice. The chalice was found clasped between the hands of a skeleton and the grave itself was marked with a slab incised with the image of a chalice. This suggests that the person buried with the chalice was a member of the Priory’s religious community, possibly a Prior due to the grave’s position in the northwest transept of the church.

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Two-handled mug in brown glaze with yellow spots, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1500 – 1600 BMBC.TH.1378

Black-glazed ceramic floor tile, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1246

Yellow-glazed ceramic floor tile, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1256

Whole ceramic floor tile, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1247

Painted wall plaster, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1227

Decorative window glass, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1201

Medieval

Decorative window glass, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1202

Decorative window glass, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1203

Decorative window glass, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1379

Ceramic jug reconstructed, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1380

Base of Pewter chalice, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1214

Ceramic candlestick, Monk Bretton Priory, AD 1200 – 1300 BMBC.TH.1381

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Ceramic jug handle, Monk Bretton, AD 1500 – 1600 BMBC.TH.1296

Ceramic vessel base with yellow decoration, Monk Bretton, AD 1500 – 1600 BMBC.TH.1294

Ceramic vessel handle, Monk Bretton, AD 1500 – 1600 BMBC.TH.1286

Carved stone head, Holyrood Catholic Church, Barnsley BMBC.TH.1383

Silver penny of David of Scotland, obverse, Cudworth, AD 1141 BMBC.TH.1382

Silver penny of David of Scotland, reverse, Cudworth, AD 1141 BMBC.TH.1382

Early Industry The archaeology collections contain a number of large assemblages from nationally important early industrial sites. Many of these were excavated by the late Denis Ashurst, a well-known local archaeologist. South Yorkshire was particularly well-known for its glassmaking industry in the 17th to early 19th centuries, as the resources needed for glassmaking (coal for high-temperature firing, clay to make crucibles and sand for the glass itself) were readily available in the area. This included two glass manufacturing workshops in the Barnsley region, Gawber and Silkstone. Gawber glasshouse was excavated by Denis Ashurst in the 1960s. It had been the site of a glassworks from around 1700 – 1821. During that time it was manufacturing clear window glass, as well as clear and coloured bottle glass for phials (small cylindrical glass bottles, often used for medicines) and wine bottles. Ashurst excavated parts of a waste heap, a cullet store (for waste glass which was reused in the manufacturing process), a workyard and a workshop. He and his team also excavated a cone furnace of 1730 – 1820 and the remains of an earlier furnace. The finds from this site include glass vessel fragments, glass-working waste, and crucibles that were used in the production process.

Silkstone glasshouse was also investigated by Denis Ashurst, and later by English Heritage. The glasshouse was established in the middle of the 17th century by the Pilmey family. They emigrated to England from France in the late 16th century and worked in glassworks in Manchester before establishing their workshop in Silkstone. This glass workshop made mainly colourless and green or brown glass, and a small number of colourful splash-decorated vessels. It produced bottles and phials as well as finer tablewares. By the early to middle 18th century, the Silkstone glasshouse had fallen out of use, but a pottery workshop was then established in its place from the mid to late 18th century. This probably closed some time in the early 19th century. The ceramics that were manufactured at the site were mostly tablewares, such as dishes, plates and mugs. Also present in the collections are finds from Rockley Smithies and Rockley Furnace. Rockley Smithies was the site of a medieval and post-medieval bloomery which used water power for smelting iron. Rockley Furnace was a nearby blast furnace, built around 1704 and powered by charcoal from the surrounding woodland. This was worked until the late 1740s by the Spencer family. The furnace may have been brought into use again in the late 18th century, fuelled by coke.

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Slipware plate, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1397

Wine bottle neck, Gawber BMBC.TH.1430

Glass phial, Gawber BMBC.TH.1431

Crucible fragment with layers of glass slag, Gawber BMBC.TH.1349

Glass seal, Gawber BMBC.TH.1384

Wine bottle neck, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1385

Early Industry

Blue glass jug handle, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1386

Phial rim, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1387

Glassworking waste, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1388

Phial waster, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1389

Glassworking slag, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1390

Yellow-glazed mug, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1391

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Mottled brown mug, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1392

Brown-glazed mug, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1394

Brown-glazed candlestick, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1396

Mottled brown plate or bowl, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1398

Saggar (for holding ceramic vessels during firing), Silkstone BMBC.TH.1400

Crucible, Silkstone BMBC.TH.1402

Victorian and Edwardian The collections include a number of 19th and early 20th century personal possessions, which can help us to understand the lives of ordinary people. A particularly large group of personal and domestic objects from this era came from a rubbish dump at Houndhill near Worsbrough. Houndhill, which still stands, was the family seat of the Elmhirsts and is a two-winged house built around 1566. The house had several associated farm buildings. One of these barns was demolished in the 1930s, and subsequently excavated by Denis Ashurst in the 1970s. This revealed that the barn was probably 17th century in date, and that it had been used for small scale cloth production on at least two separate occasions during its life, including for the production of patterned damask in the 18th century.

century. There are also pottery vessels, including decorated transfer-printed mugs for children, and glass ink and medicine bottles. All of these are likely to have been used in the day to day life of the farm, possibly by tenant farmers living on the site. Personal objects have also been found at industrial sites such as Gawber, including tobacco pipes, a knife with a well-preserved bone handle, and a small ceramic doll. Some of these may have belonged to the site’s workers, whilst others may be later than the glassworks. They provide interesting insights into the people who were working, and perhaps playing, at the glassworks site.

The majority of the finds in the Houndhill collection come from a later period in the building’s history, when it was used as a farm store in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This includes clay tobacco pipes with decorative motifs on the bowls, such as one depicting two clasped hands and the words ‘WELCOME GUEST’. Another bears the skull and crossbones motif of the 17th Lancers cavalry regiment (active 1759 – 1922), whose motto is ‘Death or Glory’. They were particularly well-known for their involvement in the Crimean War in the mid 19th

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Decorated clay tobacco pipe, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1340

Small ceramic doll, Gawber BMBC.TH.1090

Child’s mug, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1325

Child’s mug, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1323

Child’s mug, Gawber BMBC.TH.1405

Bone knife handle, Gawber BMBC.TH.1112

Victorian and Edwardian

Glass ink bottle, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1330

Etched drinking glass, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1320

Decorated clay tobacco pipe, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1339.1

Decorated clay tobacco pipe, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1336

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Cooking or storage pot, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1407

Cooking or storage pot, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1408

Bowl or serving platter, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1409

Glass bottle, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1343.3

Glass bottle, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1329

Glass bottle, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1343.1

Acknowledgements This catalogue was produced with funding from the Esmée Fairbairn Collections Fund, administered by the Museums Association. As part of a two year project, Barnsley MBC has worked with the University of Sheffield Department of Archaeology to research, conserve and create access to Barnsley’s archaeology collections. The archaeology collections were relocated to Barnsley in 2011 from Museums Sheffield and Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery. We would like to extend our thanks to those museum services for taking care of the collections prior to their transfer. Catalogue content created by Dr Vicky Crewe, Project Co-ordinator, assisted by students Christina Westhoff, Daisy Rocke, Victoria Rose, Rachel Smith, Rachel Passannante, Emily Morgan, Lorna Gosling and George Kambouroglou. Photography by Norman Taylor Design by The Cafeteria We would also like to extend our special thanks to Professor Joann Fletcher from the University of York for her research and support during this project and for the future of the collections.

The Archaeology of Barnsley

Decorated clay tobacco pipe, Houndhill, Worsbrough BMBC.TH.1340

Barnsley MBC Arts, Museums and Archives Service Experience Barnsley, Town Hall, Church Street, Barnsley S70 2TA www.barnsley-museums.com

Bronze Age bronze spearhead 1400 – 1000 BC, Town Edge Quarries, Crow Edge, Penistone BMBC.TH.1361