Bangla sanglap ( Issue15/13)

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Surprise growth in UK economy at end of 2024

Desk report:

The UK economy unexpectedly grew in the final three months of last year following a boost to the construction and services sectors.

The economy expanded by 0.1% between October and December, according to official figures, external, despite analysts predicting it would contract.

Growth in the quarter was driven by a range of industries, from pubs and bars to machinery manufacturers, having a strong December.

However, the figures also indicated living standards last year were slightly lower than in 2023 on average.

With tax rises coming into force in April, concerns remain that economic growth will remain sluggish for sometime.

Businesses have warned that paying more in National Insurance, along with minimum wages rising and business rates relief being reduced, could affect the economy's ability to grow, with employers expecting to have less cash to give pay rises and create new jobs.

The Bank of England has also halved its growth forecast for the UK this year, amid concerns that higher costs for employers could hit hiring, profits, investment - and push up prices. Last week, it decided to cut interest rates to 4.5%.

Paul Dales, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said the economy was "all-but stagnating" as businesses adjusted for higher costs and "more uncertainty overseas" - pointing to the introduction of trade tariffs in the US by President Donald Trump. He said it was a clear that "a lot of the weakness" in the economy was due to the rise in taxes on firms announced by Chancellor Rachel Reeves in her Budget last year, with "business sentiment on the floor" and investment and consumer spending down. "Overall, the economy is

NHS 'recovery

unlikely to do more than move sideways over the next six months," he suggested. But the latest figures showing a return to growth at the end of 2024 will be welcome news for the government, which has made growing the economy its top priority in its effort to improve living standards.

A separate figure from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) measuring living standards fell 0.1% in 2024 compared with the year before. The measure - known as real GDP per headcalculates the volume of goods and services available to the average person in the UK and

a person is deemed better off the more they have.

When an economy grows, businesses on average have more money to spend to employ more people or give pay rises. Firms making more profits also pay more in tax to the government, which can be spent on public services. All this together, in theory, leaves people better off - but it takes time for the benefits to be felt, and it does not necessarily benefit everyone.

In December alone, the economy was estimated to

have grown by 0.4%.

Film distribution firms, pubs and bars all had a "strong month", as did industries involved in machinery manufacturing, according to Liz McKeown, director of economic statistics at the ONS.

However, this was offset by weak months in trade for computer programming, publishing and car sales businesses.

In the construction sector, the final months of 2024 saw an increase in new work driven by new private housing projects, but repairs and maintenance work from private homes fell over the period, suggesting homeowners cut back. Sushma Solanki, the owner of Bolton catering firm Sushma's Snacks, told the BBC the economic situation was "very worrying" as she found trading at the end of last year very tough.

"I normally do about 20 to 30 Christmas office events," she said. "Instead, I did two, which was very hard. People don't have the money."

She said she had to let go an employee partly because of the upcoming rise in National Insurance.

"It's not just the policies, it's everything. Peppers for my chicken dish started off at 79p, they are £1.85," she added.

plan' fails to deliver new dentists or more appointments

Desk report:

NHS leaders have acknowledged a recovery plan for dentistry in England, launched by the previous Conservative government a year ago, has comprehensively failed.

One aspect of the plan –'Golden Hello' payments to encourage dentists to start working in underserved areas – has seen only 39 dentists appointed out of a target of 240. Another idea – the introduction of mobile dental vans – has completely failed to deliver any extra capacity.

At a Parliamentary committee NHS leaders acknowledged the fundamental problem was the contract that dentists are offered to carry out NHS work – and the best thing was to rip it

up and start again.

The Dental Recovery Plan was first outlined by Conservative health ministers in February 2024, to try and address a crisis in NHS dentistry in England.

Many patients struggle to access NHS dental care, with some towns now known as 'Dental Deserts', in which there are simply no NHS dentists at all.

UK-wide research carried out by BBC News in 2022 found that 9 out of 10 NHS dentists were no longer accepting new adult patients. 8 out of 10 were no longer

taking on children as patients, even though they are meant to be entitled to free care.

But senior bosses from NHS England and the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) have now told a committee of MPs that the recovery plan outlined a year ago has failed.

Professor Sir Chris Whitty, currently Interim Permanent Secretary at the DHSC - the most senior civil servant - was asked whether the plan was on track to deliver the extra 1.5 million treatments for patients that had been promised by the last Government.

"The very short answer is no. "Within the Dental recovery Plan, there were four components, of which I think one didn't start at all, which was on dental vans.

Malabar

Gold

& Diamonds to expand into New Zealand, leveraging the opportunities created by the UAE-New Zealand

Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)

Malabar Gold & Diamonds, the 6thlargest jewellery retailer globally with over 375 showrooms across 13 countries, is set to expand its footprint into New Zealand. This strategic move is aligned with the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) signed between the United Arab Emirates and New Zealand, which fosters increased trade and economic collaboration between the two nations.

With the entirety of Malabar Gold & Diamonds’ international operations based out of the Malabar International Hub in the UAE, the signing of CEPA between the UAE & New Zealand will enable the brand to further streamline their business operation as it relates to expanding their retail presence into the 14th global country of operation.

“As a globally recognized jewellery retailer managing its international operations from the UAE, the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the UAE and New Zealand significantly bolsters our efforts to enter this new market. This agreement not only allows us to strengthen economic ties but also provides us with an opportunity to introduce our products and services to a whole new audience. By capitalizing on the opportunities presented by this bilateral trade agreement, Malabar Gold &

Diamonds marks a significant milestone in our overarching vision to become the world's number one jewelry retailer.”, commented Mr. M.P Ahammed, Chairman of Malabar Group.

In the initial phase of its expansion into New Zealand, Malabar Gold & Diamonds will invest NZD 75 million to establish its presence in the region. This significant investment will see the launch of three world-class showrooms, bringing the brand’s exceptional jewellery collections and

renowned craftsmanship to New Zealand’s discerning customers.

"It's encouraging to see the CEPA already driving increased trade and investment between our two countries," said New Zealand Trade Commissioner to the United Arab Emirates and Consul General to Dubai & Northern Emirates, Mr. Ahmad Zakkout. “We're excited to continue fostering investment and business opportunities between New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates.", he

continued.

“New Zealand is a market brimming with potential, offering us an exceptional opportunity to connect with a diverse customer base that appreciates the artistry, quality, and authenticity synonymous with Malabar Gold & Diamonds,” commented Mr. Shamlal Ahamed, Managing Director – International Operations, Malabar Gold & Diamonds. “As the UAE stands as one of the world’s premier jewellery trading hubs and the base of our international

operations, the provisions in CEPA that promotes UAE-NZ trade opens a more efficient and streamlined pathway into the market. With a legacy built on trust, transparency, and customer satisfaction, this expansion into New Zealand represents a transformative step in redefining the region’s jewellery landscape”.

“While our global growth has been rapid, it has always remained firmly aligned with our ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles.

With a 100% track record of strict compliance with local regulations, our expansion into New Zealand will uphold our commitment to operating as a model organization that prioritizes responsibility and sustainability in every aspect of its business. This is in line with the trade and development chapter charted out in the CEPA” said Mr. Abdul Salam K.P, Vice Chairman of Malabar Group.

In addition to introducing its signature collections& services to jewellery lovers in New Zealand, Malabar Gold & Diamonds will continue its commitment to sustainability and ethical practices. The new showrooms will adhere to the brand’s globally recognized standards of ethical sourcing, eco-friendly processes, and social welfare initiatives.

Ben Wallace: Trump’s Ukraine peace talks have echoes of Nazi appeasement

Desk report:

Donald Trump’s talks with Vladimir Putin to end the war in Ukraine have echoes of Neville Chamberlain’s appeasement of the Nazis in 1938, Sir Ben Wallace has said.

On Wednesday night, Mr Trump and Putin held a 90-minute phone call in which it was agreed that they would “immediately” begin peace negotiations.

The call has prompted concerns that whatever negotiations the two devise will be favourable to Moscow, with Ukraine and Europe frozen out of talks.

Sir Ben, a former defence secretary, said that if Mr Trump was seen to capitulate to the Kremlin as world leaders gathered for the Munich Security Conference this weekend, it would be

a repeat of Chamberlain’s “peace for our time” moment. Writing for The Telegraph, he said: “Munich’s motto is ‘peace through dialogue’, but it has proven itself in recent years to also be a

forceful bastion of European resistance against Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine.

“What a shame, then, that this year’s gathering seems set to mirror the disastrous

conference of 1938 where the continent stood blind in the face of Hitler’s duplicity. The stench of appeasement is once again returning to Munich.

“After Chamberlain returned to Britain in 1938 having signed an agreement with Adolf Hitler, he proclaimed ‘peace for our time’. Winston Churchill then rebutted that ‘you were given the choice between war and dishonour. You chose dishonour and you will have war’. “The same fate awaits the West, whether in the Taiwan strait, Iran, or elsewhere in Europe, if it fails to stand strong now. And like 87 years ago, it will have its roots in Munich.” It comes after Pete Hegseth, the US defence secretary, told Nato allies that they would have to stop relying on the US to provide security to the region.

Sir Ben also expressed concern that if Putin was appeased now, there was no guarantee to stop him launching further invasions of Ukraine in the future.

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Desk report:

A man who crashed his car into the Buckingham Palace gates, causing damage put at nearly £25,000, has been told at his sentencing that "you are very lucky that you didn't get yourself shot"

Johnny Scott, 26, from Hornchurch, east London, previously pleaded guilty to causing criminal damage after he drove his VW Polo into the palace's South Centre Gate on 9 March.

At Westminster Magistrates' Court, District Judge Neeta Minhas also told Scott: "You have caused a very high level of damage to a structure that is of huge cultural importance in the United Kingdom."

She gave Scott a 12-month

Buckingham Palace crash man 'lucky

he wasn't shot'

community order and barred him from entering the area around Buckingham Palace.

'Deep remorse' Scott was approached by

armed officers who arrested him at the scene immediately after the crash, while the vehicle he was driving was subsequently destroyed, the

court heard.

In mitigation, Aamina Khalid said her client had had a "psychotic episode" on the

day of the crash, suffering a relapse of his bipolar disorder, and was "not able to understand what his actions were" as a result.

Scott had not been under the influence of alcohol or drugs, Ms Khalid said.

She told the court he expressed "deep remorse" for what happened and that it had been "completely out of character".

Scott was also ordered to undertake 100 hours of unpaid work within the next year, and to pay £5,000 in compensation over a period of two years.

No members of the Royal Family were in residence when the crash happened, a palace spokesman said at

Ukraine must be at heart of peace talks, PM says

Desk report:

Ukraine must be "at the heart" of any negotiations to end the conflict with Russia, the prime minister has said.

Sir Keir Starmer said it is important Ukraine "is in the strongest possible position", whether that is "in discussions" or "continued fighting".

His comments come after US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to begin discussions to end the nearly three years of fighting.

Ukraine's president also stressed the need for Kyiv's involvement, as he said he would not accept any deal reached by Moscow and Washington in its absence.

"Today it's important that everything does not go according to Putin's plan, in which he wants to do everything to make his negotiations bilateral [with the US]," Volodymyr Zelensky said.

Sir Keir said the UK needed to "ramp up the money, the capability and the training" it has been giving to Ukraine, adding that his government was "delivering even more of that this year than we were last year".

Before a Nato meeting in

Brussels he told reporters it was really important to put Ukraine in the "strongest possible position".

"This has to be done with Ukraine."

Last month, Sir Keir signed a "landmark" 100-year pact with the war-stricken country, building on the £12.8bn the UK's already sent to Ukraine, with further commitments of £3bn every year for "as long as it takes".

The prime minister's comments echo those of the UK's defence minister, who earlier warned there

can be no negotiation "about Ukraine without Ukraine".

John Healey said: "We've seen the calls from President Trump overnight and we all want to see a durable peace and no return to conflict and aggression."

He added that Russia "remains a threat well beyond Ukraine".

It is becoming harder for Nato to keep a united front on Ukraine, with Trump's unilateral efforts to bring an end to the war.

In a post on his Truth Social platform, Trump said he

and the Russian president had "agreed to have our respective teams start negotiations immediately".

He did not set a date for a face-to-face meeting with Putin, but later told reporters at the White House: "We'll meet in Saudi Arabia." He wrote on social media the pair had also invited each other to their respective capitals. The head of Nato, Mark Rutte, is still trying to hold the line - saying allies must step up their military support for Kyiv and Ukraine must be involved in any

peace talks. But in reality Washington is now making the calls.

That one phone call between Presidents Trump and Putin, due to be followed up by a meeting, has pushed Nato to the sidelines.

Some defence ministers are trying to convey the message that nothing has fundamentally changed and Healey has again repeated the familiar lines that Nato would remain focused on keeping Ukraine in the fight and "put them in the best position to secure a lasting peace through strength". On Wednesday, US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth said European nations must provide the "overwhelming" share of funding for Ukraine. Hegseth said the US's attempts to negotiate peace between Ukraine and Russia was "certainly not a betrayal" of the Ukrainian soldiers who have been fighting against the invasion.

Addressing fellow defence chiefs later, he added that the US was "committed to expediting the process" of foreign military sales, to ensure "our allies get what they need when they need it".

UK to deny citizenship to small boat refugees

Desk report:

The government has toughened up rules making it almost impossible for a refugee who arrives in the UK on a small boat to become a British citizen.

New guidance states that anyone who enters the UK illegally having made a dangerous journey, which could be via boat, but also by means such as hiding in a vehicle, will normally be refused citizenship, regardless of the time that has passed.

In a statement, the Home Office said the strengthened measures made it clear that anyone who entered the UK illegally would face having a British citizenship application refused.

But the change has been condemned by the Refugee Council and some Labour MPs - including Stella Creasy who said the change "meant refugees would forever remain second class citizens".

Changes, first disclosed by the Free Movement blog, were introduced to guidance for visa and immigration staff on Monday.

The changes mean that anyone deemed to have entered the country illegallyincluding those already here - will not be able to apply for citizenship. Described as a "clarification" to case worker guidance when assessing if a claimant is of "good character', it says: "Any person applying for citizenship from 10 February 2025, who previously entered the UK illegally will normally be refused, regardless of the time that

has passed since the illegal entry took place."

Another new entry to the same guidance says:

"A person who applies for citizenship from 10 February 2025 who has previously arrived without a required valid entry clearance or electronic travel authorisation, having made a dangerous journey will normally be refused citizenship.

"A dangerous journey

includes, but is not limited to, travelling by small boat or concealed in a vehicle or other conveyance."

Previously, refugees who had arrived by irregular routes would need to wait 10 years before being considered. Under UK law, it is now an offence to enter the country without permission. This is despite the UK being signatory to international law treaties, such as the 1951

UN Refugee Convention, which state that asylum seekers and refugees should not be penalised for illegal entry.

The government's new border security bill, which scraps the Conservatives' Rwanda plan and boosts police powers against people smugglers, cleared its first vote in the House of Commons on Monday.

The Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Bill sets out Labour's plan to treat people smugglers like terrorists, and creates a new crime of endangering another person during an illegal crossing in the Channel.

The Home Office also published footage of enforcement teams raiding 828 premises, including nail bars, car washes, and restaurants, as part of a UKwide crackdown on illegal working earlier this week.

Commenting on the new guidance for refugees, Labour MP Creasy said she worked with a young man who after fleeing Syria and gaining a degree is now "contributing to our society, and has now got British citizenship".

Prince William gets behind camera on film school visit

Desk report:

The Prince of Wales was behind a film camera, being rolled along tracks, gradually closing in on a journalist, inch by inch.

It was not a reporter's fever dream, but a movie scene on the roof of the London Screen Academy in north London, where Prince William was test-driving the state of the art facilities in a sixth form academy dedicated to teaching film and TV skills.

He checked out the costume department too, where he saw a steampunk outfit with a lot of holes, hooks and tartan.

"I might wear it on a Saturday night out," he said to the students showing him round. Prince William is president of Bafta, the British film and television industry body, and has spoken about the importance of widening doors to a notoriously whoyou-know industry.

The London Screen Academy, with 900 students, exists to widen those doors, offering practical skills in movies and televisions, all

for free, alongside learning English and maths A-levels. Although there might be a successful TV and film industry in the UK, access to jobs is still too often limited to "white, middle class" youngsters, the school's co-founder and movie producer, Tim Bevan, told the prince. Bevan, is co-chairman of

Working Title Films and has seen students moving from the school on to some of his recent films, including the forthcoming Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy and Blitz.

He said the industry was "doing very well, but there was not "a broad enough cross-section of people working within it".

"We wanted to provide the opportunity for people from diverse backgrounds, from not so much privilege," he said. Prince William, who was commended by a student for his camera skills - "very smooth, nice pan, did a good job", seemed impressed by the energy and opportunities offered by the academy.

He said he wanted it to encourage young people from families who might have seen the film and TV industry as being an "elite environment".

"It feels a lot of people don't know that they can be in the film industry," said Prince William, adding it was "distant from reality" for many.

The prince was shown the make-up department, looking rather tentatively around a room filled with wigs, bright lights, and various levels of unusual make-up.

He held out a hand to try out prosthetic skin, of the type used in zombie films, and said the post-apocalyptic TV series The Last of Us had been "quite full on".

It was a relaxed and lively visit, no ties in sight, with the prince getting to take part in the final scene, in a mini-movie based on the idea of a London where music is banned.

"Silence means security," said one of the fictional posters, as the prince glided past for the camera shot.

EU criticises Trump’s negotiation tactics in Ukraine peace talks

Desk report: America is under new management. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky is joining a growing list of US allies who are finding that the world according to Donald Trump is a colder, more uncertain and potentially more dangerous place for them.

It must have been bad enough for Zelensky to hear Trump's abrupt announcement that he had welcomed Russia's President Vladimir Putin back to international diplomacy with a 90-minute phone call, to be followed by a face-to-face meeting, perhaps in Saudi Arabia.

After Putin, the White House dialled up Zelensky's number. Speaking to journalists in Ukraine the morning after, Zelensky accepted the fact that Putin received the first call, "although to be honest, it's not very pleasant".

What stung Zelensky more was that Trump, who rang him after he spoke to Putin, seemed to regard him, at best, as a junior adjunct to any peace talks. One of Zelensky's many nightmares must be the prospect of Trump and Putin attempting to settle Ukraine's future without anyone else in the negotiation.

He told the journalists that Ukraine "will not be able to accept any agreements" made without its involvement.

It was vital, he said, that "everything does not go according to Putin's plan, in which he wants to do everything to make his negotiations bilateral".

President Zelensky is heading to the Munich security conference, starting on Friday, where he will attempt to rally Ukraine's allies. He faces a tough meeting with Trump's vice president, JD Vance, who was one of the sternest critics of Joe Biden's aid to Ukraine.

The argument Zelensky will hear from the Americans is that Ukraine is losing and it needs to get real about what

happens next. He will argue that Ukraine can win - with the right backing.

The European Union is worried too. After meeting and praising the Ukrainian defence minister Rustem Umerov, the EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas posted that Europe must have a central role in any negotiation. "Our priority now must be strengthening Ukraine and providing robust security guarantees," Kallas said. Zelensky is painfully aware that while his European allies are sounding much more steadfast than the Americans, the US remains the world's strongest military power. He told the Guardian last week that "security guarantees without America are not real security guarantees".

Collectively, European allies have given Ukraine more money than the US. But the Americans have weapons and air defence systems - like the Patriot missile batteries that protect Kyiv - that Europeans simply cannot provide.

Putin will be delighted that he is getting a much easier ride than he had from Biden. The former US president called Putin, among other things, a "pure thug", a "brutal tyrant" and a "murderous dictator" and cut off contact after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

Just to drive home the point that everything had changed, Trump followed up yesterday's positive assessment of his talk with Putin with an upbeat early morning post on his platform, Truth Social, reflecting on "great talks with Russia and Ukraine yesterday". There was now a "good possibility of ending that horrible, very bloody war!!!"

Putin is not just back in conversation with the most powerful country in the world. With Trump, he may now see himself as the arbiter of the endgame in the war he started when he broke international law with the all-out invasion of Ukraine almost exactly three years ago.

At the White House, Trump seemed to suggest that the huge numbers of dead and wounded in the Russian

After the last page

military gave some kind of legitimacy to Putin's demand to keep the land captured and annexed by Russia.

"They took a lot of land and they fought for that land," Trump said. As for Ukraine, "some of it will come back". His defence secretary Pete Hegseth's remarks at a Nato meeting in Brussels were more direct. He wanted Ukraine to be "sovereign and prosperous". But "we must start by recognising that returning to Ukraine's pre-2014 borders is an unrealistic objective".

"Chasing this illusionary goal will only prolong the war and cause more suffering."

Trump is still at the easy end of what could become an impossibly tough diplomatic challenge. Boasting that he has the key to ending the Russo-Ukraine war is one thing. Making that happen is something else.

His declaration before any talks with Russia start that Ukraine will not join Nato nor get back all its occupied land has been widely criticised as a poor start by a man who claims to be the world's best dealmaker.

The veteran Swedish diplomat and politician Carl Bildt posted an ironic rebuke on X.

"It's certainly an innovative approach to a negotiation to make very major concessions even before they have started. Not even Chamberlain went that low in 1938. That Munich ended very bad anyhow."

Bildt posted a photo of Britain's then prime minister Neville Chamberlain on his return from Munich in 1938, waving the notorious and worthless agreement he had made with Adolf Hitler - the price of which was the capitulation and break-up of Czechoslovakia and a faster slide towards a second world war.

After the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Vladimir Putin was widely portrayed in the west as the new threat to European peace. Trump's approach to him is very different.

He will have to try to bridge the gap between Putin and

Zelensky's positions, which are polar opposites. Zelensky's declared objective is to regain Ukraine's lost territory, which amounts to around a fifth of its total land mass. He also wants Ukraine to become a full member of Nato.

Putin insists that any peace deal would require Ukraine to give up the land Russia has captured, as well as areas it has not occupied, including the city of Zaporizhzhia which has a population of more than half a million.

Ukraine would also become neutral, demilitarised and would never join Nato.

Ukraine's demands will not be acceptable to Moscow, and Trump has indicated he doesn't like them either.

But Russia's amount to an ultimatum, not a serious peace proposal. Trump, once a developer, likes deals that involve tangible real estate.

But Putin wants more than land. He wants Ukraine to go back to the relationship it had with the Kremlin during the days when it was part of the Soviet Union. For that to happen, Ukraine would have to lose its independence and sovereignty.

UK at risk of £24bn tariffs as Trump targets VAT

Donald Trump has vowed to impose tariffs on countries that charge VAT, leaving Britain at risk of a £24bn blow to its economy.

The US President issued the warning on Thursday as he laid out his plan for reciprocal tariffs.

He said: “I’ve decided for purposes of fairness that I will charge a reciprocal tariff. It’s fair to all. No other country can complain.”

It is not yet clear whether Britain will be specifically singled out by Mr Trump, as the US vowed to address “each country one by one”.

The UK Government will no doubt seek to negotiate to avoid tariffs, which could lead to a 21pc levy on goods exports to the US if the President targets Britain’s VAT charges.

Mr Trump said tonight that he views VAT - as imposed by the UK - as an unfair trade barrier.

“We’re going to call it a tariff,”

he told reporters. George Saravelos, the global head of FX Research at Deutsche Bank, said that if the US imposed duties based on tariff policy and VAT combined, UK exporters to the US would face extra charges of 21pc, Mr Saravelos said.

The classification of VAT as a tariff makes Donald Trump’s policy “much more damaging” for countries like the UK.

Tariffs of this scale would knock 0.4 percentage points off UK GDP growth for the next two years, according to Ahmet Kaya, of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (Niesr), accounting for $30bn (£24bn).

The Government should avoid a trade war that “could easily spiral out of control”, a group representing over 50,000 UK businesses has warned.

William Bain, of British Chambers of Commerce, said it was “vital that the UK Government does not get sucked into a trade war of tit-for-tat tariffs, which could easily spiral out of control”.

It is understood that the tariff increases are to be customised for each country by April 1, with the partial goal of starting trade new negotiations.

Mr Trump said that he wanted a level playing field for US companies and that his tariff plan will count tariffs, VAT and others of being worthy of reciprocation.

“Whatever they charge us we will charge them,” he said.

Earlier, Mr Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform: “Three great weeks, perhaps the best ever, but today is the big one: reciprocal tariffs!!!

“Make America great again!!!”

The EU was last week scrambling to cut taxes on American cars in an effort to appease the US president and avoid the impact of likefor-like levies.

Britain has not yet signed a free trade agreement with the United States.

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