ATCnewsletter november 2014

ARUSHA TECHNICAL COLLEGE ‘ S k i l l s Ma ke t h e Di f fe re n ce’

atc Newsletter A Bianual Publication of Arusha Technical College NOVEMBER - APRIL, 2015 Issue 004

H.E Dr. Jakaya M. Kikwete, the President of the URT listening to a presentation by Science Laboratory Student of Arusha Technical college, Fedrica Frederick during the Edward Moringe Sokoine Memorial Day held at Monduli on 12 April, 2014.

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NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015 atc Newsletter

Contents Message from the Rector

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Message the Editor’s Desk

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ATC Hosts CAPA Conference

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ATC _ workers’ Council in Spotlight

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ATC Participates in the 2nd Arusha International Gem, Jewelry and Mineral Fair

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ARGO Lab Introduced at ATC

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A quick design method for for surface Constructed Wetlands for Treating Wastewater 9

Published By: Arusha Technical College P.O.Box 296, Arusha,Tanzania E-mail: principal@atc.ac.tz Website: www.atc.ac.tz Editor Gasto Leseiyo Assistant Editor

ATC Receives Training equipment worthy Euro 200,00

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Auto trans Vehicle

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ATC Conquer Mount Meru

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Success Story

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Pictorial Corner

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ATC Comes With Affordable Hydro- Power Generator

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New Employees at ATC

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Staff Development

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Humor Stories

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Sports 23 ATC First Batch of Bachelor’s Degree in Civil and Irrigation Engineering

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Role of Technical Institutions

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Solar Power in Tanzania: Engine for people center economy

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E.P Sikawa Consulting Editor Sauli Gilliard

Sokoine Memorial

Editorial Team: Winston Msuya Daudi Mtavangu Photographs: Public Relations Unit Designed & Printed by: iPrint Ltd. Email: iprintsales@gmail.com

H.E Jakaya M. Kikwete, the President of the URT listening to Arusha Technical College’s Rector Eng. Dr. Richard Masika (1st left) as he gives Brief Information about ATC during the Edward Moringe Sokoine Memorial Day held at Monduli in April 2014. Looking on(center) is teh Former President , H. E , Benjamin W. Mkapa and behind him is Hon.Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim the former Prime Minister and Secretary General of OAU

Message from the Rector

First Irrigation Engineering Graduates Enter the Market in Style mix of selected members from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Local Government, Contractors, Sokoine University of Agriculture, and Agriculture Research Institutes, among others.

Eng. Dr. Richard J. Masika Rector

I

t What exciting time lies ahead of us? This is probably a question that preoccupied the First Irrigation Engineering Graduates during their student life at the College. The Arusha Technical College, popularly known as ATC, was upgraded to autonomous institution in 2007 to replace the then Technical College Arusha that was founded in 1978. It started operating autonomously in July 2009 and immediately, in response to market demand and as a part of support to the realisation of the National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) the College introduced a Civil and Irrigation Engineering programme leading to the award of Ordinary Diploma and Bachelor’s Degree respectively. The Master Plan is supported by the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and the “KILIMO KWANZA” strategy. The Process of developing Curriculum for this programme was guided by NACTE provisions with effective involvement of stakeholders.

Key NACTE provisions applied were level descriptors and learning outcomes. The process requires determination of labour market demands through situation analysis as a first step towards curriculum development. As a second step the findings of the Labour Market Demands were synthesized with NACTE guidelines in a Situation Analysis Report. This Report was applied to develop Curriculum in a writers workshop comprising a strategic

The College also developed an implementation plan to guarantee that the training to be offered is of required quality, experiential in nature with entrepreneurship development component to motivate students to opt for self employment activities after completion of their study. The developed curriculum and its implementation plan were presented to a stakeholders workshop to confirm if it adequately addressed the needs of both irrigation engineering industry and professional bodies. This step in addition to approving the curriculum, also ensured that the graduates could be relevant to society. As a part of Quality Assurance framework of the College, practicing professionals, professional bodies and the views of other stakeholders were taken into consideration.

The College mobilised the required resources both human and facilities to impart the necessary knowledge, skills and good attributes engraved in the curricula as demanded by Irrigation Engineering Industry and allied stakeholders. Further, the College recruited a total of 5 qualified academic staff in the Civil Engineering Department, contracted visiting Lecturers/Professors from institutions such as Sokoine University of Agriculture, University of Dar es Salaam and Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology among other Institutions. Further, the College, requested for support of Irrigation Experts from the Government of Japan to build teaching capacity especially in design and practical classes. The Japanese Government dispatched two Experts from June 2010 todate to work with ATC is realizing this noble dream.

In order to Demonstration within the ATC field irrigation irrigation and

support teaching, a Farm was constructed campus to demonstrate techniques for gravity pressurized irrigation

technologies. In addition, the College is in the process of establishing a 150 acres Irrigation Training Farm 15 km away at VETA Oljoro area to support teaching practice. Currently, drilling of boreholes and construction of rainwater harvesting system are in progress. In addition, in each academic year Students attend Field Practical Training in Irrigation Schemes and Design Offices for ten weeks where they work under supervision of contractors, consultants, and Irrigation Officers.

The first batch of Students who pursued this three academic years Bachelor’s Degree Programme and successfully fulfilled the requirements for the awards, graduated with Bachelor’s Degree in Civil and Irrigation Engineering in January 2014. These are the first graduates in this field in our Country. They are recognized and registed by the Engineers Registration Board (ERB). Government is working on its promise of employing them to various irrigation schemes and relevant projects in the Local Government. A good number of them however have already been employed by other stakeholders.

During the Graduation Convocation the Graduands resolved that at every graduation occasion each graduand should plant a memorial tree starting with their cohort.

The ATC staff are student centred, career focused and committed to student success.

Our hands-on (competence based) philosophy distinguishes ATC from many other technical institutions in Tanzania and the East African region. The College is confident that its graduates leave with a qualification which is respected in the industry with the competence and confidence that go with it.

The support of all stakeholders including students, Government, visiting lecturers/ professors, Irrigation Experts and the College staff is highly appreciated and we count on your continued support and good cooperation.

Remember that always ‘Skills make the Difference!

NOVEMBER -- APRIL APRIL 2015 2015 atc atc Newsletter Newsletter NOVEMBER

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Message from the Editor’s Desk

The role of stakeholders, the America Biomedical Technology Aid (Beta) have taken a lead by donating machines for ATC meant imparting better skills to Students who are taking Electrical and Biomedical Engineering.

G

reetings to you all! This editorial is in good hope that you are all doing well. This time around our newsletter is out again bringing you a variety of stuff which we believe will keep you informed, educated and entertained with regards to the issues of engineering, Science ad technology.

The family of ATC this time around is more than happy as we now have 27 new staff who we believe their coming make huge strides in various aspects with the intention of preparing capable Manpower that will help our Country. We do hope that other staff will offer them maxium support in executing their responsibilities.

As the core function of ATC is provision of competence based education training, we bring with you a call from the vice president of Tanzania, Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal on the need to reinforce technical education in the country so that we speed up the transition to an industrial economy.

Gasto Leseiyo Editor

As stated clearly in the previous edition, the role of stakeholders, the America Biomedical Technology Aid (Beta) have taken a lead by donating machines for ATC meant imparting better skills to Students who are taking Electrical and Biomedical Engineering.

In the same spirit this edition brings to you a mixture of features, news stories and interviews to keep you informed and entertained, without forgetting the success stories of mwalimu Joseph Kotini, a former student of the then Technical College Arusha, as he narrates extensively about his career and experience in the Automotive engineering field and his plea to students to join technical institutions.

Last but not the least , we wish to say this editorial has no enough space to brief you on all the good things that we have prepared for you but we promise you that by having opportunity to read you will be much informed, educated and entertained as well, especially on the humor part.

Enjoy reading this edition.

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

ATC Hosts CAPA

International conference

By Gasto Leseiyo

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rusha Technical College (ATC) hosted the International Conference for the Conference for Commonwealth Association of Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA), which was held from 25th to 27th November 2013 at the Arusha International Conference (AICC). The Conference attracted more than 250 delegates presenting 14 nationalities from Africa and beyond. This year’s theme was ‘Aligning Skills to meet Market needs in Africa-Role of TVET’.

The Vice President of the URT. H.E Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal follows the Presentation during the Conference

Dr.Bilal added that development in science and technology was a crucial determinant of the processes governing national development and the country’s position in the global economy.

‘While developed countries are mulling over the post- industrial era, most African countries have not been able to adequately embrace even the

‘ it is indisputable that the contribution of TVET training in wealth creation is essential and if effectively utilized technical training graduates could be drivers of small and medium enterprise development’ said Dr. Kawambwa.

Minister for education and Vocational Training, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (MP) delivers a Closing speech the CAPA Conference

Speaking during the official opening Ceremony, the Guest of Honor the Vice President of Tanzania, Dr. Mohammed Gharib Bilal stressed on the fact that Tanzania has no choice but to embrace vital technological advancement in order to speed up the transition to an industrial economy.

On his part, the Minister for education and Vocational training, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa stated that technical and vocational education and training was the only vehicle which would enable African countries to reduce the gap between them and the first world countries as far as technology was concerned.

Launching of the CAPA Science Journal

technologies of the first industrial revolution,’ the Vice President pointed out.

The Conference has been organized

by Commonwealth Association of Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA) in conjunction with Arusha Technical College (ATC), National Institute of Transport (NIT) and Vocational Education and Training Authority (VETA).

CAPA Secretary General, Dr. Olubunmi Owoso delivers Speech during the Conference

‘Technological advancement in the case of Tanzania is particularly of major importance in the agriculture sector’ he said.

The Vice President of the URT. H.E Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal (5th from left seated) in a group photo with member of local Organizing Committee (LOC) during the November 2013 CAPA International Conference. Seated on his right is Hon. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (MP) Minister for Education and Vocational Training. CAPA Secretary General, Dr. Olubunmi Owoso (2nd left. On his left is the ATC Governing Board Chairperson, Mr. Abraham Nyanda (2nd right). Chairperson of LOC. Eng. Dr. Richard J. Masika (3rd right)

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The ATC- Workers’ Council in Spotlight

The Guest of Honor. Hon. Abraham Nyanda, the Chairman of the ATC Governing Board gives his opening remarks during the ATC-worker’s council inauguration.

Some of the Members of the ATC-Workers’ Council listening to the Guest of Honor’s opening remarks.

By Gasto Leseiyo

T

he Chairman of the Arusha Technical College Governing Board, Mr. Abraham Nyanda has called for deliberation efforts on the part of the ATC- Workers’ Council to ensure that they vigorously address workers concerns in a move to promote productivity at the College Speaking at the opening ceremony of the Workers’ council, Mr. Nyanda noted that general workers’ productivity and

The invited Guests, Mr.Sebastian Inoshi (left) from Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT) and Mr. Mwahamed Kulu (right) from Tanzania Higher Learning Institutions Trade Union (THTU).

A group photo of the Guest of honor.

Hon. Abraham Nyanda (4th leftseated) together with the Members of the ATC Workers’ Council

stewardship to the public and College resources increase when their concerns are addressed properly.

He also called upon the general staff at the ATC to ensure that they diligently and efficiently discharge their duties with commitment of the highest order.

The Board Chairman also noted that keeping confidentiality should be the Workers’ council top agenda.

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Atc participates in the 2nd

Arusha International Gem, Jewelry and Mineral Fair (aigmf)

By Gasto Leseiyo

T

he Ministry of Energy and Mineral (MEM) in collaboration with the Tanzania Mineral Dealers Association (TAMIDA) recently organized the 2nd Arusha International Gem, Jewelry and Mineral Fair (AIGMF) in which Arusha Technical College (ATC) fully participated.

In these exhibitions different institutions from Tanzania and Outside Tanzania participated. ATC like many institutions used the exhibition as a means to disseminate information to the local and international Public on its newly introduced Course of Lapidary and Jewelry Technology.

The Organizing Committee from ATC displayed different activities performed by students under this course including demonstration on how to cut and polish Gemstones, especially Tanzanite.

Speaking at ATC pavilion the College’s

Rector, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika told the Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa that the Institution intends to create local experts who will be able to add value to the diverse valuable gemstones explored in the Country The Minister visited the pavilion where activities related to the College’s lapidary and Jewelry Training were

being displayed to an international delegation.

He lauded the College’s initiatives, pointing out that for many years mineral mined in the Country provided employment to the people in the other countries that could buy raw products only to cut and polish them in their own countries.

“This is a commendable initiative as the Country has a limited number of experts in this area. We want more people to have expertise in this area to add value to our mineral to make Tanzanians benefit out of this sector,’’ he said

Deputy Minister for Energy and Mineral Hon. Stephen Masele (MP), inspects lapidary and Jewelry section of Arusha Technical College during the 2nd Arusha International minerals, Gemstones and Jewelries Fair.

The new Course has already been rolled out with the first batch of 16 students and is already enrolling new ones in an effort to boost the number of Jewelry Polishing experts in the Country.

The Rector of the Arusha Technical College, Eng. Dr. Richard J. Masika (1st left) presenting a carved Egg) from the rock Malachite to the Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (1st right) during the just-ended Arusha International Gemstone Jewellery and Mineral Fair held at Mount Meru Hotel in Arusha. ATC offers Basic Certificate Course in Lapidary and Jewellery Technology

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The Pum Project Manager, Mr. Wim Bredewold presents a key to the Rector of Arusha Technical College, Eng Dr. Richard Masika as the sign of Inauguration of ARGO Lab. Look on, are Member of ATC Governing Board Mr. Hendrick Jonkman from PUM Netherlands senior experts makes a presentation the Chairperson of ATC Governing Board Mr. Abraham Nyanda (1st Left) on the ARGO System works

ARGO Lab

Introduced at ATC

By Staff writer

A

rusha Technical College (ATC) has unveiled a special ARGO system of Automotive engine diagnostic and repair workshop that is likely to change motor vehicle repairing services in the country.

Speaking during the opening ceremony, the ATC Rector Engineer, Dr. Richard Masika said, the new advanced car that are extremely differently from old mechanical dilapidated vehicle means that the country’s mechanics and motor vehicle repair garages not equipped to handle them.

“Older motor vehicles were mostly composed of mechanical parts with little, if any electronic, but new cars are automated, featuring mostly electronic and digital components with mechanical parts taking the back seat. Pointed out Dr. Masika He added that the new ARGO lab at ATC will enable the new breed of mechanics to handle modern cars.

ATC has already developed a tailor- made automotive engineering curriculum which has been submitted to the National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for approval.

Furthermore, the College has consulted the motor vehicle industry experts to see what they specifically wanted from the workforce who will be graduating from the programme.

ARGO project experts from Netherlands, Hendrick Jonkman and Sieberrn Idzenga are assisting in the maiden training scheme at the College pioneering the journey in digitalizing motor vehicle repairing in Tanzania.

The Hague based, PUM Netherlands senior experts organization is assisting ATC on the new ‘ Practical Training for Technicians’ Programme, the organization connects entrepreneurs in developing countries and emerging markets with senior experts from Netherlands that boast at least 30 years of experience in business environment .

With the newly established ARGO engine diagnostic laboratory and repair workshop at ATC, local car garages are set to be transformed from the old, smelly, oily warehouses full of spanners and blue-coat mechanics to modern centres featuring Lab like clean interiors fitted with Computers attended whiteclad workmen who look like doctors.

Mr. Kefa G. Mkongwa (1st right) gives brief explanation to the ATC Board Members and other Staff on how Lift elevator Circuit works during Arduino Training organized by ATC and PUM to the members of Electrical Engineering Department.

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

A quick design method

for subsurface constructed wetlands for treating wastewater

By Senzia, M.A.(PhD)

Introduction

W

etlands is land where the water surface is near the ground surface for long enough time to maintain saturated soil conditions along with the related vegetation. They have partly oxic (Oxygen condition), partly anoxic (anaerobic condition) soils in which organic breakdown takes place. Wetlands support a highly productive, tall emergent vegetable capable of taking up large amount of nutrients. There are two types of wetlands namely natural of constructed wetlands.

Natural wetlands These have been used for wastewater treatment for many years. In many cases natural wetlands were used for disposal and not treatment and were considered as wastelands

being exposed to the atmosphere as it flows through the cell

Standard design of constructed wetlands Horizontal flow

a) Public demand for more stringent wastewater effluent standards, b) Rapidly escalating costs of construction and operation associated with conventional treatment plants, and c) Environmental benefits Classification of Constructed wetlands These are: a) Surface Flow Constructed wetlands (popular in USA particularly for Large wastewater flow: This is characterised by Wastewater being exposed to the atmosphere as it flows through the cell (treatment unit) b) Subsurface constructed wetlands (Horizontal or vertical flow) widely accepted in Europe, Australia and Africa: This is characterised by Wastewater

Subsurface

, where Ah is the surface area of the bed (m2), Qd is the flow rate (m3/d), Co is the influent organic matters measured as BOD5 (mg/l) and Ce is the effluent organic matters measured as BOD5 (mg/l).

KT is the temperature dependent factor (d-1), y is media depth (m) and n is the porosity of the media (%). However KTyn = KBOD =0.067-0.1

Constructed wetlands

Constructed wetlands are increasingly seen as a viable Eco-technology for wastewater treatment due to:

Horizontal

Design of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands is guided by Kickuth Equation and media (gravel) characteristics giving a design equation below:

Although improvement in the quality of wastewater is generally observed as a result of flow through natural wetlands, the extent of their treatment capability is largely unknown. In Tanzania natural wetlands occupy over 7% of the country’s surface area.

These are Designed/man-made systems aimed at achieving removal of pollutants as observed to take place in natural systems. They are sometimes called Reed beds or artificial wetlands but constructed wetlands is an international term

Experience has shown that both subsurface constructed wetlands work much better if preceded by a settling tank or a septic tank. They are suitable for secondary treatment- Second step in most waste treatment systems during which bacteria consume the organic parts of the wastes and further removal of suspended solids or tertiary treatment- Advanced cleaning of wastewater during which nutrients (such as phosphorous and nitrogen) and most suspended solids are removed).

Vertical flow Processes (mechanisms) in treating wastewater by constructed wetlands Treating of wastewater by Constructed wetlands involves transformation or removal of Organics (BOD), suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens and trace metals by: a) Sedimentation: Gravity settling solids b) Filtration: Particulate filtered mechanically as water passes through substrate, root masses etc.

The design equation is suitably applied if at all possible to carry out a flow and load sampling survey.

Quick design of Horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands In designing horizontal subsurface fowl constructed wetlands without prior information on characteristics of wastewater, a quick method is to use population equivalent (pe). With the following assumption a)

Flow per person

40-200l/pe

b)

BOD contribution (Co)

40-60g BOD5/ pe and

include

c)

Quality required (Ce)

10-20 mg/l (standard)

e) Natural die off: Naturally decay or organisms in unfavorable conditions and

d)

20-45% of Co will be removed by pretreatment system (e.g. septic tank)

c) Adsorption: Inter-particle attractive force d) Biological microbial/metabolism: nitrification/denitrification

f) Plant absorption: Under proper conditions, significant quantities of these contaminants will be taken up by plants Design of subsurface Constructed wetlands This article will only discuss design of Horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands which have many advantages as compared to surface flow Constructed wetlands as indicated in the Table below:

Example With an area of say with 200 people which requires horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. The area of land required will be obtained as follow: BOD5 flowing to pre-treatment system will be: (60g/pe)/200 =300 mg/l and with assumption that 30% this BOD will be reduced at pre-treatment unit, Co = 0.7 x 300 – 210 mg/l

Subsurface Flow

Surface flow

Qd = 200 pe x 200l/pe = 40 m3/d

Often greater operating cost

Generally lower installation costs

Ah = [40ln (210/20)]/0.1 =940 m2

Clogging happens

Simple hydraulic (no clogging)

More effective per unit area i.e. it needs less space

Needs More space (land)

No/Less odour

Odours is likely to happen

c) Bed slope < 2%

Possibly fewer mosquitoes

Possibly more mosquitoes

d) Media depth should allow water to flow 0.15 m from the surface

It is necessary to remember that: a) Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are designed based on plug-flow assumption (l/w =1-5) and b) In flow Qin and out flow Qout are equal

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ATC receives training equipment

Worth Euro 200,000

By Winstone Msuya

I

t was all jubilation at ATC on 16/08/2013 when a truck carrying a consignment of training equipment and tools, donated by the Italian Government through Italian Development Agency (IDA) under the Technical Education and Labour Market Support (TELMS) project, was being off-loaded in front of the ATCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main store.

The Euro 200,000 worthy equipment and tools were donated as part of the TELMS project which is aimed at increasing access and improve quality of teaching and learning using modern training equipment and improved staff skills; introducing new Labour Market driven cross cutting technologies and engineering programmes; researching and boasting existing partnerships and linkage with the Tanzania Industry through innovative technical programmes; and giving special consideration and priority for women to participate in technology and engineering.

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Some of the Electronics and Telecommunication equipment donated by TELMS The beneficiaries of these tools and equipment include the Automotive, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Transportationengineering departments.

The Automotive engineering department received a state of the art computerized vehicle diagnostic kit which will greatly improve the practical training in its two workshops and benefit customers who need quality car repair and

Some of the Electronics and Telecommunication equipment donated by TELMS

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

maintenance services.

The Civil and Transportation engineering departments will share among them various laboratory equipment including Direct Shear Test Machine and its Accessories. The Mechanical engineering department received four complete sets of PLC Workstation with Process Simulators that will effectively improve the training of Mechatronics.

Lastly it is the Electrical engineering department, which by large received a lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share. They got various electonics and telecommunications equipment that will make their laboratories one of the best Tanzania.

The arrival of these tools and equipment is yet another testmony that ATC is committed to its endeavor to play a leading role in training highly skilled and knowledgeable graduates who can cope with the ever changing technology. The Rector and the ATC community at large is taking this opportunity to thank and congratulate the Italian government through the TELMS Project Manager, Dr. Daniele Passalaqua for taking a leading role in ensuring ATC is fulfilling its Vision and Mission..

Auto-Trans.Vehicle “ECT /OD” Button Application.

By David Raymond

E

CT stands for “Electronically Controlled Transmission”. When you push the button in, there should be a light on the dash board that indicates “ECT POWER”. This changes the normal shift times (based on engine vacuum, rpm, and throttle position) to a later point.

This simply means that, the engine rpms will go higher before shifting to a higher gear when you’re accelerating. When engaged, the transmission shifts later, allowing the engine to get to a higher power level and accelerate faster. Gas mileage is usually reduced in this mode.

Use it only when you need to get up to speed faster; for example, to merge into fast moving traffic. The normal position for this switch is OFF. In “Freelander vehicles” the button has “ECT/SNOW” mode. The “Snow” mode starts the transmission in 2nd gear rather than first so that the wheels don’t have quite as much torque and are less likely to spin in inclement weather. Secondly, it changes the whole shift pattern of the transmission, particularly when accelerating from a start or when passing.

It has the transmission change into higher gears earlier so that, again, when it is bad

conditions you are less likely to spin the tires each time the transmission shifts up and when you go into a passing gear, it down-shifts only “one” rather than the usual “two” 2 gears so that you don’t have as dramatic a change in the power going to the wheels.

O/D stands for “Over-Drive” this is a 4th gear on the transmission that will engage when you are going above about 35 mph/ 56kmh, that lets the engine operate at a lower speed (RPMs) when all it has to do is maintain a high speed when you are going over flat, even highway. This improves fuel economy.

Technically, any transmission gear with a ratio of less than 1:1 is considered “OverDrive”. O/D can normally be left “ON” except when going up a gradual hill where the overdrive tends to not give the engine enough power to maintain a steady speed. This may cause the transmission to annoyingly “hunt” between 3rd and 4th gear. When O/D is switched OFF there should be a light on the dash board that says “O/D OFF”.

O/D OFF essentially suppresses the automatic shifting on your car, and lets you use the gears as if it were like a manual (note, like a manual,, but not exactly). For instance a vehicle is a 4-gear auto transmission and have D, 2 and L; so if the button O/D (switched off) engaged, L = 1st gear, 2 = 2nd gear, D = 3rd gear, and the 4th gear is only engageable if you switch the button on. Otherwise each of these are the ‘highest’ gear your car will go in, but it will drop to a lower gear if necessary. (O/D OFF, and the gear lever is in ‘2’ position, this will limit you to the 1st and 2nd gears of your auto transmission)

be better able to accelerate past the other car.

2

Press the button when entering the expressway. As explained above, this will make it easier to efficiently accelerate up to cruising speed.

3 Engage the button when exiting the expressway. Click the button just as you turn onto the exit ramp, and let the engine help slow you down. Brakes have a greater tendency to overheat when used at high speed. Using the O/D lockout button will help to slow you down to a lower speed, at which point you can use your brakes.

4

Press the button when going up a long, shallow grade on the expressway. In such situation, sometimes the automatic transmission will fail to shift down soon enough, causing you to lose power.

Engage the O/D lockout to force the car into third gear.

5

Engage the O/D lockout button when going down a long hill to help keep you from gaining too much speed. If the hill is steep, you may even need to shift the car down into second gear with the shifter. This will help prevent overheating your breaks.

Instructions on the use of (O/D ON)

1

Press the button when passing another car on the highway. When passing another vehicle in an automatic transmission car, it is sometimes difficult to get the car to accelerate fast enough.

Try clicking the overdrive button. By forcing the car into third gear, your engine will gain more toque and thereby NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015 atc Newsletter

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ATC STAFF

r e u q Con

Mount Meru â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pole, poleâ&#x20AC;? the guide chants as we start our Journey facing the slopes of Mount Meru. It starts with buffaloes; dark, short and endless captivate stares.

By Gasto Leseiyo

T

he path begins with an open field and we walk amongst the herd of buffaloes. The guide insists that they do not attack as a group but one should be cautious of a lone buffalo for they are prone to charging and in such instance one must lie down and not run away. You cannot outrun a buffalo, he insists. He then ordered us to follow what he says, as he quotes some

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statistics indicating that the highest attacks caused by animal on human are from buffaloes. Our hearts start beat very fast and our steps become light.

We are group of 13. (Gasto Leseiyo, Joseph Kotini, David Raymond, Pascal Jao, Shahzmin Premji, Nichodemus Msafiri, James Mmari, Dotto Joseph, Fregrence Ngowi, Severino Selestine,

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Day 2 The next day we assemble at the start of the next route we pray and start our next journey. We climb to the big valley, then up to the saddle area. Our goal is Saddle Hut. There we will relax for a while and then continue hiking up to Little Meru. We stay overnight in Saddle hut and sleep early because we will get up again very soon.

We will have hiked about 5 hours and reached a height of 3570m by the end of the day.

Summit Day We get up at midnight and after a light breakfast we are ready for our ascent to the summit. The trail is steep and rocky it will take us 5-6 hours to reach Meru Peak, the second highest peak in Tanzania at 4566m.

Finally after, a series of seemingly endless climbs we finally saw the flag and our energy was revived.

Mzee Makumulo, and Rehemael Anael, ) We call ourselves the winning team and some of us mock the mountain that they will climb it for a day instead of three or four days as we hurry away from the open field up a small incline that is forested and full of mysterious plants that the guide knows by names, indicating their usage.

As we start to wonder when we shall arrive at the first Hut we see a wooden backyard stand peeping above us and we are relieved. We have reached Miriakamba Hut

We thank God for making us reach the Top as there was no sign of human life and none of his sounds , except ours, just the sky, the sun, the sea of cloud under our feet, Mt Kilimanjaro to the east and our mountain Meru. Seeing all these splendid stuff; we glorify God for his wonderful works.

As we start to wonder when we shall arrive at the first Hut we see a wooden backyard stand peeping above us and we are relieved. We have reached Miriakamba Hut

We go through a series of grassy walkways and forested inclines and finally encounter a river. The river runs silently, no sharper sound to it as what we would expect of buzzing of the bee.

Trees surrounded the forest, giving it an indistinct feeling.

Steeper Route The route runs steep and our stories and laughter fade, it become harder to stare at the environment and we end up watching our steps, mindful to stay on the track and not to deviate into the bush.

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Success Story

Eng. Kottini: Automotive dream realized Eng. Joseph Kottini is one of the alumni of the Arusha Technical College formerly known as Technical College Arusha (TCA). He graduated in 1989 with full Technician Certificate in Automotive Engineering. Our staff writer Gasto Leseiyo interviewed him recently on his experiences at ATC. Q: Tell us about your early life?

A: I was born in 1961 at Nyaburundu village in Musoma, Mara region. I started standard one- 1972-1978 at Gongoni Primary School in Tabora. In 1979-1982 I joined Ifunda Technical Secondary school, a special school by then where I took Mechanical Engineering with specialization in Automotive Engineering.

In 1983-1986, I joined the then TCA (Now ATC) where I took Automotive Engineering. In 1986-1987, I joined JKT at Massange in Tabora for National Service. Thereafter, I joined TANAPA as senior Technician in Automotive Department at Serengeti National Park in 1987.

In 1989 I rejoined TCA (now ATC) not as a student but this time as a Grade IIIA teacher. I went for further studies i.e. diploma course in Technical Education at Dar es Salaam Technical College (DTC).

Between 1991-1993 I went to Germany for Advanced Training in Automotive Engineering. Upon my return to Tanzania in 1993, I went to

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Complete Diploma in Technical Education at Klerru Teachers’ Technical Colle In 2002-2005, I returned at Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT) to take advanced Diploma in Mechanical Engineering then for Bachelor’s Degree in Automotive Engineering at National Transport Institute (NIT) between 2009-2013.

Currently, I’m a Workshop Manager in the Automotive Engineering Department at Arusha Technical College.

Students are making Head Lamps Beam setter Machine as directed by Eng. Joseph kottini

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Q2: What are your tasks at Arusha Technical College?

I’m still teaching at the department of Automotive, planning and supervising all activities at the Automotive Engineering workshop. Also, I provide consultancy services in the automotive field at the College.

Q3: Why did you choose to major in automotive engineering and NOT in any other technical discipline?

“It is simple. When he was young I was interested more in cars and my dream was to become a driver. It reached a point when I was dreaming to make a car that could fly like aero plane. In short I can say automotive engineering was flowing in my blood’’.

Q4: Have you ever thought of giving up?

“In my entire life is all about struggling. I’ve never given up and my above short history can justify what I’m telling you”.

Q5: Is there any challenge in your daily activities?

“Yes! Managing such a huge automotive workshop someone has to burn the candle in both ends. It is very hectic because all students from first year to third year need to pass in the automotive workshops for skills acquirement. But I thank God that I can handle this and other challenges because at ATC we work as a team.’’

Students are trained how to use Computerized Diagnostic Instrument by Eng. Joseph Kottini

Q6: A word to students willing to become automotive engineers Vehicles need people who are careful because they carry people and valuable property. Automotive industry needs youths because it keeps changing every day due to advancement of technology and other innovations hence they’ve to work hard if they want to realize their dreams.

Students are setting Dynamic Ignition Timing Using Stroboscope under Supervision of Eng. Joseph Kottini

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Pictorial The Vice President of the URT. H.E Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal greets the Arusha Technical Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rector, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika on arrival at Arusha Airport for CAPA International Conference organized

by ATC November 2013. Next him is Rector of the National Institute of Transport (NIT), Eng. Dr. Zacharia M. D. Mganilwa

Women Staff at Arusha Technical chasing a Hen during the ATC Family day held June 2014 at the college Campus

Two JICA Irrigation Advisors from Arusha Technical College (ATC) Mr. Kakashi Katsumi and Nobuyoshi Fujiwara looking at the Soil samples taken from the Bore hore site at ATCOljoro Irrigation Training Farm. Standing Looking is the Deputy HoD of Civil Mr.Humuri K. Haymale

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Corner

The Electrical Engineering Department (EED) Staff celebrate with their fellow staff David Mang’ehe after beating the Mechanical Engineering Department during the ATC Family Bonaza held June 2014. The EED emerging the Overall winner of the Departmental Football Competition

ATC- Staff Football Team pose for group photo during the AUWSA Bonanza held at General Tyre grounds recently. ATC beats Arusha All Stars 3-2

Dr. Odongo Odiyo, from Central and Southern Africa Health Community, Delivering a Public Lecture on Cancer to Arusha Technical College Students during the Cancer Awareness Month on 3rd October, 2014

Deputy Rector Academics, Research and Consultancy, Eng. Dr. Masudi Senzia gives his closing remarks at during the closing of the Entrepreurship Course conducted to ATC Staff organized by PUM

Arusha Technical College Female Staff carry a Banner with a theme ‘Chochea Mabadiliko kuleta uswa wa Kijinsia’ to mark International Women’s Day on 8th March, 2014.

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ATC comes with

affordable

hydro-power generator “In the year 2011 there was a great power blackout. It was a time when people Could stay for up to 11 hours with no electricity. This was actually what made us to think about the solution for this problem,”

By Gasto Leseiyo

H

igher learning education institutions in Tanzania have the role to produce specialists of different fields. Moreover, the institutions have great chances to solve various challenges that face this nation. For this reason, Arusha Technical College (ATC) has successfully used skills and knowledge of its students and their lecturers to innovate simple technologies to solve the electricity shortage in rural setting.

Engineer Urbanus Melkior is the Head of Electricity Engineering Department at the College who believes that if students and their academicians work together they can solve the electricity problem facing many villages in Tanzania. In translating this idea into reality, the engineer says that, ATC has come up with a simple machine for producing electricity which has been branded as ‘Mini hydro Turbines. The good news

about this technology is that, amid the shortage of water on the earth surface, it uses very little water to generate power!

Cross –flow turbine Runner fabricated at ATC Mechanical Engineering Workshop “In the year 2011 there was a great power blackout. It was a time when people Could stay for up to 11 hours with no electricity. This was actually what made us to think about the solution for this problem,” says the Head.

Explaining the processes that enabled this idea to materialize, Eng. Melkior says his Department in collaboration with Mechanical Engineering Department managed to come up with the machine which was installed at Makumira in Arumeru district.

The Mini hydro Turbines, according to Eng. Melkior, can produce electricity using little water. To assure how effective the technology is, estimated 20 households are beneficiaries of this simple technology.

“What we are doing is to Construct the machine and install where there is a need. After that, we handover to the villagers to operate and maintain it,” he adds.

The Prime of the URT, Hon. Mizengo Pinda receives explanation from Arusha Technical College’s Staff, Frank Moshi (1st left) on how the Min-hydro Turbine works when he visited the College 2011. Behind the Prime Minister is the Arusha Regional Commissioner, Hon. Magesa Stanslaus Mulongo.

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“After installing the machine, the next activity is to let water enter in it or reduce water from it. Also the care taker of machine should make sure that the friction part of machine is lubricated. Anybody can do this works,” he explains.

Apart from Makumira, other areas

where such technology is installed are Morogoro, Iringa , Katavi, Njombe and Ruvuma.

A Min- hydropower Turbine designed by ATC under Performance test The motive behind The innovation of the machine which has proved to be more economical for the lower income communities in the rural setting has motivated students to invent variety of technologies purposely to help the s o c i e t y.

“In our department, we have 18 students who have chosen to become innovators.

After class hours, they remain at the workshop, scratching their heads to come up with something tangible that can help the community,” says the engineer.

He adds, “… now they have invented the device that can kill mosquitoes, device for searching minerals and a simple technology for producing chickens.”

A Min- hydropower Turbine designed by ATC under Performance test

novate anything that when sold, can cover all cost of his/her tuition fees.

According to him, this initiative will not only help students while they are at the campus but also after their studies at ATC. The innovation spirit, according to the academician, will refute the mindset of most of graduates that employment is everything and embark on self-employment because they can innovate.

Kilimanjaro Regional Commissioner, Hon. Leonidas Gama (Center) receives brief Information about Kikuletwa hydro- power station from Arusha Technical College (ATC) employee, Eng. Urbanus Merkior (first left) when he visited the Station recently. The Station was given to ATC by Government for the purpose of Training and production of electricity

Cross -flow turbine Runner fabricated at ATC Mechanical Engineering Workshop

The Head of Department believes that students are doing great because they have been given freedom. When the freedom is used effectively, something great can be invented; indeed the ATC students are devoted to do so for the community’s betterment.

Engineer Melkior went on explaining the plans to encourage innovation in Electrical Engineering Department by saying, since the beginning of this semester, every student is required to in-

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New employees at ATC

Mr. Seba A. Maginga has joined ATC as Instructor I in Automotive Engineering Department

Michael Shundi has joined ATC as Instructor I in the Electrical Engineering Department

Elineema W. Msuya has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Civil Engineering Department

Ambrose Ghwanga has joined ATC as tutorial Assistant in the General Studies Department

Deus Michael has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Civil Engineering Department

Ms. Mbula B. Kidesu has Joined ATC as Instructor II in the Automotive Engineering Department

Juma Said has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Transportation Engineering Department

Kanyika C. Lusato has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Civil engineering Department

Bahati Kamwela has joined ATC as Instructor II in the ICT Department

Said Issa has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Civil Engineering Department

Anold Seleman has joined ATC as Instructor I in the ICT Department

Kefa G.Mkongwa has joned ATC as Assistant Lecturer in the Electrical Engineering Department

John C. Kisiri has joined ATC as Instructor II in the ICT Department

Kastuli J. Lulu has joined ATC as Game Tutor I in the Administration Department

Kelvin O. Sanga has joined ATC as Internal Auditor

John P. Gunda has joined ATC as Instructor II in the Automotive Engineering Department

Sithole E. Mwakatage has joined ATC as Assistant Lecturer in the electrical engineering Department

Juma P. Kasekwa has joined ATC as Instructor II in the Electrical Engineering Department

Lufunyo Lupenza has Joined ATC as tutorial Assistant in the Electrical Engineering Department

Bahati Samwel Sulle has joined ATC as Instructor II in the Transportation Engineering Department

John Mwita Mgoge has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the General Studies Department

Ally M. Ngulugulu has joined ATC as Instructor II in the Electrical Engineering Department

Labani M. Kanyonga has joined ATC as Tutorial assistant in the General Studies Department

Cyliacus Selestine has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in the Civil Engineering Department

Castory A. Mkumba has joined ATC as Senior Instructor I in the Automotive Engineering Department

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Staff Development

Sospeter I. Isambula has joined ATC as Instructor I in the General Studies Department

Peter Simalike has joined ATC as Instructor I in the ICT Department

Baraka G. Mtakati has joined ATC as tutorial Assistant in the ICT Department

Sadati Abdallah has joined ATC as Senior Estate Officer

William Mpepo has joined ATC as Senior Planning Officer

Mr. Said H. Bungara is currently Pursuing Master’s Degree in Structural Engineering at the University of Dar es Salaam. Mr. Bungara holds a BSc. In Civil and Structural Engineering from University of Dar es Salaam

Mr. Moses Kirumbi is currently Pursuing Master’s Degree in sustainable Energy, Science and Engineering at the Nelson Mandela Institute of Science and Technology

Mr. Shomari Hassan is now the New Head of Civil Engineering Department with effect from 1st February 2014

Mr. Halidini H. Sarakikya is currently pursuing PhD in Sustainable Energy Engineering at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Mr. Sarakikya holds a Master’s Degree in Electrical Power Systems and High Voltage from the University of Dar es Salaam

Mr. Victor Meena is currently pursuing PhD in Construction Management at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Mr. Meena a holds Master’s degree in Project Management

Mr. Sebastian Qanne Slaa is now the head of General Studies Department with effect from 12th February 2014

Mr. Rustus Assey currently pursuing PhD in Computer Science at the University of Dodoma. Mr. Assey holds a Master’s degree in Computer Science from the University of PuneIndia

Mr. Bovia Edwin is currently Pursuing Bachelor’s Degree in Automotive engineering at the National Institute of Transport.

Mr. Humuri K. Haymale is now the Deputy Head of Civil Engineering Responsible for Civil and Irrigation Engineering Program with effect from 1st February 2014.

Masudi Mbelwa has joined ATC as Technician I in the Electrical Engineering Department

ATC Mourns Diseased Staff

The late Daniel Msuliche Arusha Technical College (ATC) staff were recently faced with shock when one of the Colleague passed away leaving them with Sad Memories.

Augustino Robert has joined ATC as Senior Procurement& Logistics Officer II

Appointments

This is Mr. Daniel Msuliche who passed away on 24th April 2013 in a fateful Road Accident. The late Msuliche was Technician in the Automotive Engineering Department.

May his Soul Rest in Eternal Peace!

Mr. Nzoshe A. Baraka is currently Pursuing Master’s Degree in Life and Environmental Science at university of Tsukuba in Japan.

Mr. Josephat D. Sengura has been appointed as Coordinator in- charge for Entrepreneurship Center with effect from 13th March, 2014.

Cont’d pg 22>>>

NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015 atc Newsletter

21

H

<<< Cont’d pg 21

u

m

Appointments

o Sto r ies Three Engineers

Ms. Donatha Mwase has been appointed as Coordinator for Entrepreneurship Center with effect from 13th March, 2014.

There are three engineers in a car: an electrical engineer, a chemical engineer and a Microsoft engineer. Suddenly the car engine shuts off, leaving the three engineers stranded by the side of the road. All three engineers looked at each other wondering what could be wrong. The electrical engineer suggests stripping down the electronics of the car and trying to trace where the fault might have occurred.

The chemical engineer, not knowing much about cars, suggests that maybe the fuel is becoming emulsified and getting blocked somewhere.

Pascal Jao has been appointed as Students Loan Officer with effect from 1st January 2014

Then, the Microsoft engineer, not knowing much about anything, comes up with a suggestion, “Why don`t we close all the windows, get out, get back in, open the windows again, and maybe it`ll work!?”

An Engineer and a Lawyer Mr. Athumani Omari has been appointed as Deputy Head of General Studies Department with effect from 29th August 2014.

An engineer and a lawyer attended an interview separately. The Engineer was asked: “If ten men cleared one hectare of land in ten hours how many hours would five men require clearing the same piece of land?

The engineer answered: “If ten men cleared one hectare for ten hours, then one man would re quire 10 X 10 hours. Therefore five men would require 10x10 divided by 5 i.e 20hours.”

Mr. Seba A. Maginga has been appointed as Deputy Head of Continuing Education Department with effect from 29th August 2014.

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The lawyer was asked the same question and he answered: “If ten men cleared one hectare of land for ten hours, then there would be no piece of land for any man to clear. Therefore five men would require zero hour.”

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

The Automotive Engineering Department Staff and students in a Joyous Mode after winning the 2014 InterDepartmental Cup

Avith Scores Thrice as Automotive lift

2014 Inter-Departmental Sports Cup

By Gasto Leseiyo

T

he Automotive Engineering Department has won the 2014 Inter-Departmetal Sports Competition Cup after 3-1 win over Mechanical engineering Department in the final at ATC sports ground.

Best Player, Avith Kandubuka(left), receives his prize from the Arusha Technical Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rector, Dr. Richard Masika (right)

NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015 atc Newsletter

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<<< Cont’d from pg 23

The Champion, the Automotive Engineering Department prizes

T

he Automotive forward Avith Kandubuka was Departmental’s hero, after netting unforgettable hat-trick against Mechanical Engineering Department team to bring his team a trophy for the first time.

He started his scoring mission against Mechanical Department in the first half after scoring two goals to give the Mechanical goalkeeper Amadeus Shoo No chance.

Mechanical scorer Johannes Jonas continued to torment the automotive deference, but to no avail, cheered on by the home fans, Avith made it 3-1in the second half with a good ground shot.

‘I am so happy to score three goals in the tournament and lead automotive team to victory’ Avith told the reporter after the final Match.

It had taken Automotive team many years to win the Inter-Departmental sports Competition organized each year

by College Management, a point the Department Head was aware of. ‘’This is great and I praise the players for the job well done’’ said Mr. Abdu Semvua

I am so happy to score three goals in the tournament and lead automotive team to victory’

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The second winner, the Mechanical engineering Department receives goat Prize

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

ATC FIRST BATCH 2013 Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Civil and Irrigation Engineering

Fredy Edwin Mboye

Cyliacus Selestine

Ahmad Kivambe

Marichela Maisha

Philemon John

Goodluck Swai

Julius Malimbwi

Juma A. Foum

Maxmillian Joseph

Saidi Issa

Chagula J Mihayo

Jefta Julius

Musa S.Kupaza

Mohamed Ulenga

Salvatory E.Matemu

Asmin Turra

John Stephano

Lupyana Haule

Nehemiah Chacha

Solomon Raphaely

Drip Irrigation: Willison Munenwa

every drop counts

By Gasto Leseiyo

T

here is no doubt that, water has become a very crucial element vital to life on earth. Every farmer, weather small-scale or larger- scale knows quite well that if there is no water, there are no plants growing and so there is no food.

Water is therefore an essential resource to farmers. Its management to a great extent determines how successful a farming enterprise is or can be. Many farmers in Tanzania and Arusha in particular depend on rain to satisfy the water requirements of their farms.

Unfortunately due to the climatic changes fuelled by global warming, this rainfall is

often low, erratic and unreliable and since water availability is the limiting factor to plant growth. Indeed, this is a time farmers get involved into alternative way to minimize risks on rain-fed agriculture.

More and more farmers need to be aware of these problems and installing irrigation systems on their farms.

The most reliable and more economical irrigation technology is Drip Irrigation, a highly efficient way to water; it saves time and helps to conserve precious supplies of clean water. Studies show that a welldesigned drip system uses at least 30 percent and in some cases 50 percent less water than other methods of watering NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

such as sprinkling. This is because a drip Irrigation system delivers water directly to the root zone of the plant, where it seeps slowly, into the soil, one drop at a time.

Almost no water is lost through surface runoff or evaporation and soil particles have plenty of opportunity to absorb and hold water for plants. It also means very few nutrients leach down beyond the reach of the plant roots.

Furthermore, since drip irrigation delivers water directly to the plant less water is wasted on weeds. The water surfaces between the plants also remain drier, which discourages weed seeds from sprouting. atc Newsletter

25Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d pg 25>>>

<<<Cont’d pg 25

Drip Irrigation: every drop counts Why Drip Irrigation?

Drip irrigation permits you to produce crops the whole year-much more than the rain fed irrigation it has many other advantages such as: • It is very efficient; this is because water soaks into the soil before it can evaporate or run off • Water is supplied to the soil around the plant. This means that less water is wasted, while high moisture conditions are maintained close to the roots of the plant. This makes drip irrigation appropriate for area where water is scarce.

• Drip Irrigation is easy to install and can be inexpensive if locally available material are used • It allows you to add soluble nutrients into the water, so they can be fed directly. This economizes on your fertilizer use.

• It gives a higher yield because you can plant on both sides of the pipe • It helps reduce diseases associated with excess moisture on some plants • Drip irrigation can be used in fields that have uneven landscape • It decrease weed populations. Since water is applied close to the roots of the plants, the soil surface between rows is dry, so the weeds cannot grow.

• The drip irrigation system does the watering without labor and reduces costs Criteria for choosing Drip Irrigation

The Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, Prof. Sifuni Mchome (c ) listening tentatively to Arusha Technical College Students who explains to him how drip Irrigation method works during his recent visit at the Institution. On the right side looking is the Rector of ATC, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika.

system for small scale farmers Using clean water is very important in Drip Irrigation. Water from the ponds, rivers and wells may contain some particles that can block the holes that release water to the plants. Hence it necessary to have filter to remove these particles. The best way, for small scale farmers who cannot afford to own filter at beginning, is to let water run through a piece of cotton or socks when filling the bucket or drum.

The Bucket Kit System: This system is ideal for growing vegetables in small home gardens during the long dry season. The bucket kit consists of fittings and 30 meters of irrigation drip tape connected to a 20 litre bucket. The bucket is placed at least 1 meter above the ground so that the gravity provides enough water pressure to ensure even water for the entire crop.

Water is poured into the bucket twice daily and passes through a filter, it fills the drip tape and evenly distributed to 100 watering points. The multi-chambered plastic drip tape is engineered to dispense

Drip Irrigation as it is a highly efficient way to water; it saves time and helps to conserve precious supplies of clean water.

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atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

water through openings spaced at 30 cm.

A seedling is planted at each wet spot so that all the moisture is absorbed directly by the plant roots.

The Drum irrigation System The drum system will cover a garden 6.5 metres wide and 16 metres long. The drum kit is used to cover five planting beds and therefore the plant population depends on the type of crops grown. Water is supplied from a 200-litre drum that is fixed on a platform at a height of at least 1 metre above the ground.

The 1/8 farm system This system covers 1/8 of an acre (a 15 metre x 30 metre plot). A platform 2 metres high is constructed to create enough water pressure. A drum with a capacity of 1000 litres would be ideal to supply enough water per day.

Recommendation to the Government: Since water has become a scarce commodity, Government through the Ministry of Agriculture can introduced cost sharing for farmers in the installation of drip/micro irrigation systems. This will improved crop yield, less applied water and will reduce subsurface draining water and surface tail water. Hence benefits farmers.

Bucket drip is the simplest system

Female Student from Transportation Engineering in Practical session off class hours

migrate from rural to urban area each year the production in the area declined. Also the products produced are not processed (Value added) hence are sold at a low price which cannot meet production cost leaving rural residents in poverty.

Role of technical institutions in

The Government through TVET has to do research on small machines like packaging machines, milling machines, milk and food processors, shoes making, and others for value addition to farm products. These value addition machines have to be installed at least at district level for value addition creating employment hence stopping migration of people from rural to urban and increase income from agricultural products.

promoting innovations

By Urbanus Melkior

N

ational Council for Technical Education (NACTE) has so far registered 323 technical institutions which offer technical skills from NTA level 4 to 8. These institutions have developed their own curriculum after conducting situation analysis for the skills that will be offered.

Also NACTE validates the curricular as well as recognizing the capacity for these technical institutions in running the programs. Furthermore, Ministry of Education and Vocation Training, through its directorate of Vocational Training, has so far registered 819 both public and private VET providers.

Most of these technical and VET (TVET) institutions have workshops and laboratories which were equipped in 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Today there is a number of advancement in technology with more less or no investment in workshops and laboratories training facilities which resulted in the production of graduates with skill gaps. The skill gaps force our graduates to seek jobs rather than creating jobs for others, consequently resulting to unemployment situation for the most of them.

Tanzania is losing large amount of domestic revenue due to importation of substandard and counterfeit products.

Popular counterfeit products include cloths, mobile phones, building material and foot-wear. Others that may be harmful as recognized worldwide are human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, electrical goods, specialized technical items and components, cosmetics, eyewear including sunglasses. Most of these counterfeit products are not necessarily imported but can be fabricated in the country only if the TVET institutions train using high Tech training facilities as well as researching on small machines which should increase employment in terms of value addition to products.

As trained and skilled TVET graduates

Female Student in the Mechanical Engineering Workshop

Further to that, TVET institutions have to train the graduates on Biogas technology. The Government has to promote it by paying construction cost while the farmers have to buy construction material. These will attract the TVET graduate to go back to their villages promoting biogas technology as the major source of energy for lighting and cooking and income generation to them. These will save sources of water and forest hence conserving the nature (no one will cut trees for lighting and cooking).

In the Science Laboratory

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A Customer enjoying the extension of productive hours with solar lighting

Solar Power in

Tanzania:

Engine for people centered economy

By Gasto Leseiyo

L

ife without electricity might feel like prophetic relation or so called the end time scenario or to the end of the world in general, but for those living in rural Tanzania it is a fact of everyday life. According to Ministry of Energy figures of February, 2014, only 24% of the Tanzania population has access to electricity, rural areas are virtually disconnected from the National grid.

As we know, for any development to take place electricity is very important and the evidence is before our eyes every day. Business requires a steady supply of energy to produce goods and services electricity allows school children to study after sun set and hospitals need it to save lives. Insufficient or irregular energy supply is associated with significant economic cost for business and households. Lack of access to clean energy also creates myriad of health and environmental hazards such indoor pollution from cooking on traditional open- fire stoves and deforestation.

Benefit of Solar Power: Solar energy can be well established in many rural areas and can be

Solar Power can be used in rural areas to pump water for Irrigation

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broadened the range of economical applications for solar water pumps, enabling farmers to irrigate crops.

Following successful implementation, solarpowered lighting enables shopkeepers to conduct business for longer time without resorting to dangerous, naked-flame light sources. Schools and clinics can run refrigeration and telecommunications.

Rural electrification means that residents can safely gather during the hours of darkness and children can study longer.

Communities can power perimeter security and support emergency medical care.

Traffic lights power by Solar power

used for power generation, water heating, detoxification, telecommunications and transport at an industrial level; water pumping, vaccine refrigeration and electrification; lighting, cooking and running of modern appliances at domestic level.

With the potential to enhance both social and economic aspects of village life in remote areas, rural solar electrification faces very different challenges to those faced by urban projects.

Food preservation and pumping systems reduce hunger and improve access to safe drinking water respectively.

Recent solar-panel cost reductions have

atc Newsletter NOVEMBER - APRIL 2015

Workshops, small scale industry can be built as a result of increasing job opportunities in the rural setting. This can however avert the current rural-urban migration trend because young people who majority are unemployed in urban can stay in their respective areas and engage in production.

Solar power for charging cell phone in rural Africa