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Returning to Prominence: Perspectives on Iraq’s Re-emerging Regional Role
from 2019 Sulaimani Forum
by Awder4
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Speakers: Ayad Allawi Former Vice President of Iraq, Council of Arab & International Affairs Fouad Siniora Former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Council of Arab & International Affairs Amr Moussa Former Secretary General of the Arab League, AUIS Board of Trustees Amin Gemmayel Former President of Lebanon, Council of Arab & International Affairs Taher Al Masri Former Prime Minster of Jordan, Council of Arab & International Affairs
Qassem opened the panel discussion by emphasizing the long history that Iraq enjoyed as a cultural hub, quoting the famous Iraqi poet, Al-Jawahiri. While the country has been a home to immense religious diversity, it has in recent history been characterized by violence. It is within this context that she asked, where is Iraq now, and where is it headed, directing this question specifically to Ayad Allawi, Former Prime Minister of Iraq.
Allawi argued that the current administration must address the divisions created by sectarianism, fostering a spirit of patriotism and unity among Iraqi citizens, especially considering the distrust between different communities in the aftermath of ISIS. This should not only take precedence nationally but also regionally, as Iraq can position itself as a mediator and peacemaker in the region. This bridge-building is possible because of Iraq’s unique geopolitical position. Iraq can further be an ally to neighboring countries lacking in natural resources, such as Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria. While Iraq must be ready to adapt to shifting power structures in the region and on the world stage, paving the way for new partnerships could help stabilize the region.
“The Iraqi government needs to encourage the narrative of patriotism and unity among its citizens, not the narrative of division and sectarianism. “
Siniora opened by praising Iraq for its wealth, in terms of both its natural resources and diverse population. Iraq can play an important role of regional leadership, he said. It is not only in the best interest of Iraqi citizens and the Iraqi government, but also for the Arab world, as it could help foster regional peace. He went on to share the experiences of his first official visit to Baghdad as Prime Minister of Lebanon eleven years ago. During this visit, he had expressed his support for Iraq’s leadership in the region and hope that all citizens of the Arab world could feel a sense of belonging to Baghdad. Instead however, Iraq has endured the disastrous consequences of regional and internal tensions, which have prevented the country from moving forward and building national unity. The current government has a lot of work to do in order to gain back the trust of its people, namely tackling the issue of corruption.
“Corruption is far more than accepting a bribe. At its core, corruption is political - it is the commodification of politics and the debasing of governmental entities for the gain of select groups or individuals. “
“The conversation surrounding Iraq, and the Arab World in general, cannot occur without factoring in Kurdistan. “
Moussa maintained that Iraq has long been a cultural and political pillar in the Middle East, though its current role and partnerships in the region should be strengthened. On the question of the KRG, Moussa expressed his support for the open communication and constructive relations between the central government and the regional government. The conversation surrounding Iraq, and the Arab world in general, cannot occur without the inclusion of the KRG. In order to foster prosperity, we must ensure peaceful co-existence between the diverse ethnic and religious communities inside Iraq and across the region. Despite the difficulties faced across the Arab world, each nation must demonstrate a commitment to move forward within the regional context and with a clear vision for the future. Finally, while Iraq is a prominent nation in the Middle East, it is important to face its significant challenges, the largest among them being sectarianism. How is it acceptable that there is still conflict between Shi’a and Sunni Muslims, he asked. Iraq belongs to all of its citizens, and the endemic power-grabbing should not be allowed to continue. Tackling sectarianism must be the starting point for the current Iraqi government, the KRG, and international partners.
Gemmayel began by saying that he was reassured by the bridge-building between the various communities in Iraq. However, he noted the serious challenges remaining. The rich array of religion and culture across Iraq and the Arab world are not being used for their strategic advantage, as diversity can pave the way for creative enterprise. Instead, difference is being distorted in order to incite violence. He advised that the solution to this lies in the civic education of the youth, as well as through addressing Iraq’s complicated geopolitical position. He went on to address foreign interference in the country’s politics, citing the US and Iran as examples. It is important that Arab countries refuse any destabilizing and negative interference in their internal affairs, and instead focus on fostering positive alliances and partnerships.
“Good governance is the foundation of nationbuilding and citizen-building. It is a prerequisite for progress and development, as well as the self-determination of any nation. “
Al Masri opened by acknowledging the challenges that Iraq has faced over several decades. The great value of Iraq lies in its history, land, people, and cultural heritage, he said. Therefore, the discussion should focus on Iraq regaining its role, not on creating a new one.
“The value of the role that Iraq plays lies in its history, its land, its people, and its cultural heritage. “
Iraq can be an example to other Arab countries through taking stock of its history and holding itself accountable. Many Arab nations are focused on consolidating authority through their institutions, rather than on building good governance, civic and democratic institutions, and principles. Diversity needs to be taken into account and given representation inside Iraq and across the region. He concluded by arguing for a political framework in Iraq that will benefit all of its constituents, regardless of ethnic or religious background.
