Tips for navigating safely

Too often, collisions and groundings out on the water are preventable. Our Systems Safety team offers advice on safe navigation.

When navigating out on the water, the best way to prevent a collision or grounding, is to keep a good lookout at all times—by sight, hearing and all available means.

Sometimes an extra lookout is needed, and it might be necessary to implement a watchkeeping schedule to ensure there’s always someone on lookout duties.

Make sure the lookout has a clear understanding of navigational hazards. They should report to the watchkeeper so that risks can be identified and controlled in good time. This includes approaching vessels, things that don’t look quite right anywhere around the vessel, other vessels moving unpredictably or debris floating on or under the water surface.

Arrange to get regular chart updates as soon as they become available. You may be familiar with the area and route you regularly navigate, but things can change—including depths, vertical clearances, the locations of cables, pipelines, navigational marks and lights, and restricted areas or port infrastructure.

You should always know where your vessel is, relative to navigational hazards and your planned navigation route. With an electronic charting system, up-to-date charts, and Global Positioning System, you will always be able to monitor where you are.

Plot your position regularly on up-todate paper charts, so you know where you are relative to any hazards to navigation and your planned track.

Communication equipment is essential for situational awareness, avoiding collision with other vessels and engaging with authorities ashore— Vessel Traffic Services, port authorities, or shore-support organisations (ie volunteer organisations). Automatic Identification System (AIS) and marine radios are the most effective means of communicating your position, direction, speed and intentions to other vessels.

Weather updates allow you to avoid—or minimise—navigating in rough weather conditions. Check the weather before you head out on the water. The marine and ocean section of the Bureau of Meteorology website provides a wide selection of regularly updated information, including surface wind maps, high seas forecasts and interactive weather and wave maps.

bom.gov.au/marine

Crew fatigue contributes to many accidents. Fatigue affects everyone and can be as bad as being heavily intoxicated. Staying alert and aware of what is happening around you is crucial for effective decision making in safe navigation.

Most people need at least seven- to nine-hours of sleep each day. Multiple nights in a row without adequate sleep adds up over time, increasing fatigue.

The risk of fatigue is common to many operations and must be addressed in your vessel’s safety management system. Control the risk of fatigue by scheduling adequate rest periods and create rest areas that are quiet with dimmed lighting. Encourage crew on watch to freely report fatigue so that it can be managed.

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea—more widely known as the COLREGS— contain the rules that apply to all vessels and in all waterways connected with the high seas.

States and territories are responsible for waterway management within their regions, and will monitor and enforce compliance with the COLREGS.

imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOf- Conventions/Pages/COLREG