Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo Edition 2023

2023 Edition Industry Folio Final Year Student Projects Research and Innovation

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

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2023

Contents Expo Photo Gallery

7

Alarm System

Miguel Gil Alonso

70

Student Index

8

Railway Worker Protector

Pat Hedderman

71

Exhibitors

10

David Keane

72

Introduction from the President of ATU

14

Thermal Camera for 3D Printing

Welcome from the Head of the Faculty of Engineering and Design

15

Putting It Straight (A Levelling Device)

Kieran Keenan

73

Award Winners

16

Greenhouse Climate Control System

Stephen Keyes

74

Industry Folios

17

Riby Varghese

75

ATU Sligo Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

49

Automation Inspection Rig

Darragh O’Dowd, Stephen Farrell, John Cosgrove

53

Gas Leakage Detection System using PIC MicroController and MQ Series Sensor

Stefan Zakutansky

76

Dual Log Splitter

Lisa Molloy, James Graham

54

My Smart Garden - Automated Growing Pot

SAR Mechanical Crawler

Eamon Devlin, Darragh Cawley, Kiril Bondar

55

Brian Troy

77

Smart Renewable Powered Water Pump for Agriculture

Matthew Barry

56

Facial Recognition Security System Using Convolutional Neural Network

Chaofan Wang

78

Material and Failure Analysis of Domestic Wind Turbine Blade

Lauren Banks, Dr Molua Donohoe

58

Sensorless Face Recognition Attendance System

Jiamin Yuan

79

Optimal Length of a Cooling Fin for a Range of Different Thicknesses

Cormac Boylan

59

The Smart Car: Detecting Lane Line and Stop Signs Smart Environmental Housekeeper

Kaixiang Jin

80

The Effect of Flow Arrangement on Thermal Power Transmission in a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Micheál Burke

60

Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection System

Domantas Sutkus

81

Smart ELA

Jozef Vykukal

82

Truck Aerodynamics

Martin Earley

61

Intelligent Item Access System

Shihao Cheng

83

Forces Experienced by an Endmill during Machining

Ayrlon Gleeson

62

Electrocardiogram (ECG) with Raspberry Pi

Francis Rouse

84

Analysis of the Lift-to-Drag Ratio for NACA 632-615 Airfoil Through Physical Experiments and Simulation

Alan Hennigan

63

Smart Trash Bin

Zheling Wang

85

The Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Build Time for FDM 3D Printed PLA

Connall McGowan

64

Dynamic Monitoring of Complex Strain

Hammad Ahmed

65

ATU Sligo Computing and Electronic Engineering

66

Test Framework for Automotive Lane Keeping Assist Software

Luis Peluso

68

Improving Lane Detection using Deep Transfer Learning

Richard O’Riordan

69

Level 6, 7 and 8 Computing Programmes

86

Broll-E

87

Chikwado Ugonwa, Rudgery De Souza, Patrik Strasak, Steven Kelly

PetConnect Martian Hunter

88 Timothy Ronquillo, Martynas Ramonas, Casey McLoughlin

Odyssey

89

90

Chordanalyze

Jonathan Butler, James Creamer, Daniel Stanislawski, Ciaran Mulligan

91

Potion School: A Virtual Reality Game

Marc McCabe, Kelan Cronnolly, Jack Laird

93

3

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

RekogLock

Craig Lawson, Jack McElroy, Sean Dowdall, Gatis Berzins

94

Main Strategies Implemented by the Construction Industry in the UK to Cope with Current Challenges

Jose Ramon Martinez Menendez

120

Tic-Tac-Toe Machine Radio

Clintano Perrins, Daniel Kovzan, Ian Flannery, James McDaid

95

The Implementation Of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) In The Irish Construction Industry

Joseph Finn

121

UniVRsity

Emmet Carroll, Tommy McKee

96

AI LabelerPro

Illia Shakin

97

College System

Bashar ALHatmi

98

DrivePal

Mark Curran

99

Exploring the Impacts of the Circular Economy on Construction Projects

Kieran Clarke

122

Esportify

Luigi Fernandez

100

FarmFinder: Livestock Locator App

James Carberry

Flooding in an Urban Environment

Neil O’Sullivan

123

101

Fitsum: A Complete Fitness Application

124

102

The Future Funding of Irish Projects

Ronan O’ Reilly

Bartlomiej Sajdok

125

Omar Alshuaili

103

An Exploration into Machine Learning in Mental Health Tracking

Keanan McDonald

104

Payment Challenges for SME Contractors in Construction: Evaluating The Potential of Blockchain Technology As A Solution to Payment Issues

Shane McCarville

MammoAi: Breat Cancer AI Diagnosis App

Stephen Salvin

126

STOCKED: A Mobile Point-ofSale System

Ryan Malone

105

Drivers & Barriers to Sustainable Earthworks ECI Poster Presentation

Victor Mitchell

127

Draconis: A Dragon’s Tale

Adam Hoffman

106

Vitalie Eremia

128

SocialBox

Ethan De Guzman

107

A Sports Organisational App

Kian Waters

108

Analysing the Importance of Production versus Safety in Construction Relating to Company Profits

The Student Journey Framework

Fiachra Ward

109

Modern Methods of Construction

Alex O Connor

129

Procedurally Generate Content for Replayability

Andrew Casey

110

Brian Buckley

130

Workspace Captain

Robert Donoghue

111

Modular Construction in the Housing Sector: A LongTerm Viable Alternative to Traditional Methods?

TukTukPanda

Anna Gwizdz

112

Dylan Bichard

131

uFree?

Luke Sweeney

113

Researching the Usability of Virtual Workstations

Cian Tivnan

114

Solar Energy has the Potential to become a Significant Energy Source in the Republic of Ireland

Daniel Millard

132

Pose Sense

Ronnie Conlon

115

BIM and Quantity Surveying: The Challenges and Opportunities

David O’Connor

133

ATU Sligo Civil Engineering and Construction

116

An Analysis of the Effect Legislation has on Ethics in Construction

Reducing Cost, Energy Consumption & Greenhouse Gases in Ontario Municipal Roads through Asset Management & Pavement Preservation: A Case Study

119

The Evolution of Preconstruction Estimation

Damien Scanlan

134

Price Increases in the Construction Sector their Effect on Tenders and Project Outcomes

David Walsh

135

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Evan Tunstall

2023

The Importance of Sustainability in the Irish Construction industry in residential buildings

Iarlaithe Keegan

136

The Application of the Internet of Things and Associated Technology in the Construction Project Life Cycle

Alan Gibson

151

Barriers to Deploying Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: A Study of the Challenges Faced in New Zealand

James Byrne

137

Enhancing Productivity within Construction Industry through Lean Concepts

Shane Lavelle

152

Sustainable Housing Solutions Passivhaus Standard

Luke Mahon

138

Impact of Policies on the Role of SMEs in Irish Public Procurement

Ger McCarthy

153

Can the use of Biometric Systems Benefit a Construction Project as a Whole?

Majella Costello

139

Affordable Housing Planning Solutions to Improve Speed, Scale, and Delivery in Southern Ontario

Stephanie Cardenas Hidalgo

154

Women in Construction and the Benefits of Collaboration in the Construction Industry

Marlí Hendriks

140

Conor Keane

155

An Effective/Practical Analysis of Forensic Delay Schedule and Quantum Claim Preparation to Solve the Disputes in Various Construction Contracts

Muhammad Anamul Hoque

141

Benefits of Renewable Energy Systems & Technology, Decarbonising the Irish Residential Market Can Older Building Stock be brought to the Same Performance Levels as Modern Builds?

Patrick McGovern

156

The Impact of Skills Shortages on the Irish Construction Sector

Matthew Kerrigan

142

Wind Energy as a Green Alternative

Brian Kelly

157

Dylan Donlon

158

The Advancements of Technology and Building Processes within the Construction Industry

Patrick Scannell

The Effects Government Policies and Covid-19 have had on the Irish Residential Sector

Constructing Round

Justin Hawthorne

144

Energy Management in the Irish Commercial Sector

Nathan Wray

145

Implementing Supply Chain Management Procedures and Policies, its Advantages in Project Management Delivery, and Benefit to the Client

Abdelgadir Abel Wahab

146

Is Modula Timber Framed Construction a Driver or Aid to Modern Methods of Construction in Ireland

Aaron Shanagher

Digitalization of Construction SMEs

Mick Clare

148

The Impact of Adoption of MMC on Modern Project Management

David Osborne

149

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of Project Management in Industrialized Residential Construction

Ke Yang

150

143

147

To Determine the Feasibility Mark Walsh of Prefabricated Fabric Time Frame Houses in order to meet the Housing Needs in Ireland

159

The Impacts of Using Modern Surveying Methods During the Pre-Construction and Building Phases of a Construction Project

Brenndan Eason

160

Prefabrication of already Existing Buildings as a Double Skin Façade in Ireland

Glory N. Mokolo

161

Research Title Renewable Energy

Patrick Scahill

162

Understanding the Affordable Housing Shortages Across Ireland and Ontario while Comparatively Analyzing the Designated Schemes Developments and Implementation

Meghan Hasselfelt

163

5

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ATU Sligo Mechatronic Engineering

165

Design and Implementation of a Dual Mode (Autonomous and Manual) Fire Fighting Robot

Alexander Kuchtaruk

168

Remote Patient Monitoring in Respiratory Interventions

Leah McMorrow

169

Motion Sensor Robotic Arm

Abdullah Alsaidi

170

The Student Journey Framework

Ali ALRabaani

171

Part Detection and Pick and Place System

Bryan Gavigan, Taurin McLaverty

172

To Prevent Injury due to Orthostatic Hypotension using an Automated Compression Response System

Jack Quinn, Evan Oates

R.A.N.G.E.R Robotic Aerial Navigator for Geographic Exploration & Reconnaissance

Artificial Intelligence-Based Breast Cancer Detection from Advanced Medical Imaging

Oladosu Oladimeji, Ian McLoughlin, Saritha Unnikrishnan

194

Human Innate Immune Response Modelling using Graph-Based Deep Learning

Mallikharjuna Rao, Dr. Shagufta Henna

195

Autonomous Network Communication Models for Emergency Communication

Zahid Ali, Saim Ghafoor, Saritha Unnikrishnan, Ian Mcloughlin, Eoghan Furey

196

Mathematical Modelling of in vivo Bio-Resorption of Polymer Implants

Nanshin Nansak, Leo Creedon, Denis O’Mahoney, Marion McAfee

197

173

Modelling Health-Related Quality of Life in Health Studies - EQ-5D-5L Tool Insight

Patricia Canton Lobera, Richeal Burns, Konrad Mulrennan

198

John Spain

174

Condition Monitoring of Injection Mould Tools created

by Additive Manufacturing

200

D.E.P.I.C.T

Martin Law

175

Albert Weinert, Dr. David Tormey, Christopher O’Hara, Dr. Marion McAfee

Morgan Davis

176

An Overview of the Smart Injection Mould Tools Demonstrator Project

Project Olympus

Oisin McLoughlin, Jack Crumley, Killian Hagan

177

Automated Shopping Tolley

Muiris Flynn, Liam O’Neill Chambers

178

Voice-Controlled Wheelchair

Nhat Long Van Pham

179

Christopher O’Hara, Mandana Kariminejad, Albert Weinert, Mohammadreza Kadivar, Dr. David Tormey, Dr. Marion McAfee, Dr. Gerard McGranaghan, Dr. Ramesh Raghavendra, Dr. Rokas Sakalys, Bruno Zluhan

201

Voice-Controlled Automated Apprentice

Robotic Lawnmower

Kyle O’ Driscoll, Ethan McGuinness

180

Roughness Effects on Conformal Cooling of Injection Moulds Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Mohammadreza Kadivar, Dr. David Tormey, Dr. Gerard McGranaghan

202

187

Mandana Kariminejad, Dr. David Tormey, Christopher O’Hara, Dr. Marion McAfee

203

Research and Innovation Mathematical Modelling of Shared Mobility Services in Semi-Rural Areas

Jack McShane, Dr. Eoghan Furey, Dr. Marion McAfee, Dr. Leo Creedon, Dr. Padraig Gallagher

190

Sensorisation of Injection Moulding Process for Prediction and Control of Part Quality

Modelling Materials for Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Applications

Babatunde Akinpelu, Simeon Abolade, David Obada

191

Staff of the School of Engineering and Design

204

Courses

208

Design and Development of Advanced Porous Implants through Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing

Babak Ziaie, Xavier Velay, Waqas Saleem

192

The use of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring and Modelling Dynamic Temporal Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater

Ismaila Abimbola, Marion McAfee, Leo Creedon, Salem Gharbia

193

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Expo Photo Gallery

7

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Student Index A

Robert Donoghue ................................ 111

Steven Kelly ............................................... 87

Ismaila Abimbola ................................. 189

Dr Molua Donohoe .............................. 58

Brian Kelly .................................................. 157

Simeon Abolade .................................. 187

Sean Dowdall ............................................ 94

Matthew Kerrigan .............................. 142

Hammad Ahmed ................................... 67

Stephen Keyes ....................................... 74

Babatunde Akinpelu ........................ 187

E

Daniel Kovzan .......................................... 95

Bashar ALHatmi ...................................... 89

Martin Earley ............................................... 61

Alexander Kuchtaruk .................... 168

Zahid Ali ....................................................... 192

Brenndan Eason................................... 160

Miguel Gil Alonso.................................... 70

Vitalie Eremia ............................................128

Ali ALRabaani............................................ 171

L Jack Laird ..................................................... 93

Abdullah Alsaidi.................................... 170

F

Craig Lawson ........................................... 94

Omar Alshuaili......................................... 103

Stephen Farrell ........................................ 53

Shane Lavelle ......................................... 152

Luigi Fernandez.................................... 100 B

Joseph Finn................................................. 121

M

Lauren Banks ............................................. 58

Ian Flannery.................................................. 95

Luke Mahon ............................................. 138

Matthew Barry ......................................... 56

Dr. Eoghan Furey.................................. 186

Ryan Malone ........................................... 105

Gatis Berzins .............................................. 94

Dr. Marion McAfee ............................ 186

Dylan Bichard .......................................... 131

G

Marc McCabe ........................................... 93

Kiril Bondar.................................................... 55

Dr. Padraig Gallagher ...................... 186

Ger McCarthy ........................................ 153

Cormac Boylan......................................... 59

Bryan Gavigan ........................................ 172

Shane McCarville ............................... 125

Brian Buckley........................................... 130

Saim Ghafoor ......................................... 192

James McDaid ......................................... 95

Richeal Burns........................................... 194

Salem Gharbia ....................................... 189

Keanan McDonald ............................ 104

Micheál Burke........................................... 60

Alan Gibson ............................................... 151

Jack McElroy ............................................. 94

Jonathan Butler........................................ 91

Ayrlon Gleeson ........................................ 62

Patrick McGovern .............................. 156

James Byrne.............................................. 137

James Graham ........................................ 54

Connall McGowan................................ 64

Anna Gwizdz ............................................. 112

Dr. Gerard McGranaghan ........... 197

C

Tommy McKee ......................................... 96

James Carberry .................................... 101

H

Taurin McLaverty ................................. 172

Emmet Carroll ........................................... 96

Killian Hagan .............................................. 117

Casey McLoughlin................................. 89

Andrew Casey......................................... 110

Meghan Hasselfelt ............................ 163

Ian McLoughlin ..................................... 190

Darragh Cawley........................................ 55

Justin Hawthorne .............................. 144

Oisin McLoughlin ................................. 177

Shihao Cheng............................................ 83

Pat Hedderman ......................................... 71

Leah McMorrow .................................. 169

Mick Clare................................................... 148

Marlí Hendriks......................................... 140

Jack McShane....................................... 186

Kieran Clarke............................................. 122

Dr. Shagufta Henna............................ 191

Jose Ramon Martinez

Ronnie Conlon......................................... 115

Alan Hennigan........................................... 63

Menendez................................................... 120

John Cosgrove.......................................... 53

Stephanie Cardenas Hidalgo. 154

Daniel Millard............................................ 132

Majella Costello..................................... 139

Adam Hoffman....................................... 106

Victor Mitchell.......................................... 127

James Creamer......................................... 91

Muhammad Anamul Hoque...... 141

Glory N. Mokolo..................................... 161

Leo Creedon............................................ 186

Lisa Molloy..................................................... 54

Kelan Cronnolly........................................ 93

J

Ciaran Mulligan.......................................... 91

Jack Crumley............................................ 177

Kaixiang Jin .................................................. 80

Konrad Mulrennan............................. 194

Mark Curran................................................. 99

Aonghus Murphy.................................. 175 K

D

Mohammadreza Kadivar ............. 197

N

Morgan Davis .......................................... 176

Mandana Kariminejad ................... 197

Nanshin Nansak .................................. 193

Ethan De Guzman ............................. 107

David Keane ............................................... 72

Rudgery De Souza ............................... 87

Conor Keane ......................................... 155

O

Eamon Devlin ............................................ 55

Iarlaithe Keegan ................................. 136

Alex O’ Connor ..................................... 129

Dylan Donlon .......................................... 158

Kieran Keenan ........................................ 73

David O’Connor ................................... 133

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Darragh O’Dowd .................................... 53

U

Christopher O’Hara .......................... 196

Chikwado Ugonwa .............................. 87

Denis O’Mahoney .............................. 193

Saritha Unnikrishnan ...................... 190

Ronan O’ Reilly ....................................... 124 Richard O’Riordan ................................ 69

V

Neil O’Sullivan ......................................... 123

Riby Varghese............................................. 75

Evan Oates ................................................ 173

Xavier Velay................................................ 188

David Obada ............................................ 187

Jozef Vykukal.............................................. 82

Oladosu Oladimeji ............................ 190 David Osborne ...................................... 149

W Abdelgadir Abel Wahab .............. 146

P

David Walsh ............................................. 135

Luis Peluso ................................................... 68

Mark Walsh ............................................... 159

Clintano Perrins ...................................... 95

Chaofan Wang ......................................... 78 Zheling Wang ............................................ 85

Q

Fiachra Ward ........................................... 109

Jack Quinn................................................. 173

Albert Weinert ....................................... 196 Kian Waters ............................................. 108

R

Nathan Wray .......................................... 145

Dr.Ramesh Raghavendra ............ 197 Martynas Ramonas ............................. 89

Y

Mallikharjuna Rao ............................... 191

Ke Yang ......................................................... 150

Dr Jamie Roache ................................. 175

Jiamin Yuan ................................................. 79

Timothy Ronquillo ................................. 89 Francis Rouse ............................................ 84

Z Stefan Zakutansky ............................... 76

S

Babak Ziaie ............................................... 188

Bartlomiej Sajdok ............................... 102

Bruno Zluhan ........................................... 197

Dr. Rokas Sakalys ................................ 197 Waqas Saleem ...................................... 188 Stephen Salvin ...................................... 126 Patrick Scahill .......................................... 162 Damien Scanlan .................................. 134 Patrick Scannell ................................... 143 Illia Shakin ...................................................... 97 Aaron Shanagher ................................ 147 John Spain ................................................. 174 Daniel Stanislawski ............................... 91 Patrik Strasak ............................................ 87 Domantas Sutkus .................................. 81 Luke Sweeney ........................................ 113 T Cian Tivnan ................................................ 114 Dr. David Tormey ................................. 196 Brian Troy ........................................................ 77 Evan Tunstall ............................................. 119

9

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

EXPO 2023 Talks Programme Brief Introductions to ATU Sligo Engineering & Technology Courses: 12.15 Electronics & Computing 12.25 Mechatronics 12.35 Civil Engineering & Construction 12.45 Mechanical & Precision Engineering

Industry Presentations: 1.10 Ceola McLynn - Innovation Centre - Insight 1.30 Brian Durnin, BORMAC - Company collaborations / partnerships mutual projects 2.00 Derek Flynn, Engineering Manager at AbbVie Ballytivnan - A Career at AbbVie – rise to a new challenge 2.30 Andrew Young , Glan Agua - Transforming Water, Transforming Lives 3.00 Davin Ferguson, Collins McNicholas Recruitment and HR services group - Market insights for graduate engineers 3.30 Abbott Panel – Paul F Martin (Donegal) Jamie Shevlin (Sligo) Padraig Donohoe (Longford) - Discover unparalleled opportunities at Abbott - Learn how you can make a positive impact in the world 4.00 EXPO 2023 Student Awards Ceremony

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Attention Teachers and Students!

2023

Don’t miss out on the ultimate STEAM learning experience at Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo. Join the AIM Academy in partnership with CompupacIT for a LEGO® education event and engage in critical thinking, data analysis, and hands-on problem solving with SPIKETM Prime, a LEGO® Learning System. Build your confidence and resilience and gain 21st-century skills for future success.

Sign up now for this unique opportunity!

Date: 4th May 2023 Event times: 9:15am, 11am, 1pm & 2.30pm Location: Knocknarea Arena, ATU Sligo Suitable for: 12-16 year olds Each session runs for 1.5 hours.

Sign up is essential as places are limited.

REGISTER HERE

https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/lego-spiketm-prime-at-the-aim-academy-tickets-619117837117

+353 71 93 44610 info@aimcentre.ie 11 www.aimcentre.ie

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Venue: Knocknarea Arena at IT Sligo a Arena atDate: ATU Sligo 4th May 2022 3 Client: ATU Sligo O Event: Engineering Expo Sligo 2022 g Expo Sligo 2023

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Date & time: 19/04/2022, 03:50 pm Drawn by: MK

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2023

Stand

Exhibitor Name

Stand

Exhibitor Name

1

ATU Sligo Electronics

26

ABBOTT

2

ATU Sligo Electronics

27

Prior PLM Medical

3

ATU Sligo Electronics

28

KAON Automation

4

ATU Sligo Construction Project Management

29

Litec Moulding Limited

5

ATU Sligo Civil and Construction dept

30

BORMAC Cluster

6

Meusburger

31

Arcon Recruitment Services

7

ATU Sligo Mechanical & Precision Engineering

32

Avenue - A Nolato Company

8

ATU Sligo Mechanical & Precision Engineering

33

Phillips Medisize, a Molex Company

9

ATU Sligo Mechatronics

34

HEAL research centre

10

ATU Sligo Mechatronics

35

Valeo

11

Engineers Ireland NW

36

IBEC medtech

12

Advance Centre AND AIM Centre

37

First Polymer Training Skillnet

13

i-form & PEM

38

SF engineering (2)

14

ATU Sligo Electronics

39

SF Engineering

15

AbbVie

40

Glan Agua

16

MyCareerPath.ie

41

Mci Ireland

17

ATU Sligo Computing

42

MISHE

18

ATU

43

T&T precision

19

Females in Construction

44

HASCO

20

Mannok Build

45

Vision Built Manufacturing

21

J Coffey Construction

46

ATU Department of Engineering Technology

22

SCORE

47

FutureCast

23

Hollister

48

ATU Sligo Mechanical & Precision Engineering

24

Collins McNicolas

49

ATU Sligo Mechatronics

25

Ward Automation

50

ATU Sligo Mechatronics

51

ATU Sligo Mechatronics

13

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Sligo Engineering and Technology Expo 2023 May 2023 Dia dhaoibh a cháirde go léir agus ba mhaith liom fáilte mór a chur romhaibh go dtí Taispeántas Innealtóireachta agus Teicneolaíochta i gColáiste Sligeach in Ollscoil Teichneolaíochta an Atlantaigh!

As the President of Atlantic Technological University (ATU), it is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2023 Engineering & Technology Expo.

I would also like to extend a warm welcome to our sponsors, Abbott Ireland, and express our gratitude for their continued support for this event.

The Engineering & Technology sector is thriving in the northwest region, with 40% of employers in the area involved in engineering technology and manufacturing.

This sector plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the region, and ATU continues to work closely with many companies. As a Technological University, we benefit from a critical mass of expertise and talent that we can deploy across the region. ATU is the third largest provider of higher education in STEM (Science, Engineering, Technology, and Math) in Ireland and the largest provider outside Dublin. atu.ie

Maintaining a strong focus on engineering education and training remains a top priority for us.

This booklet highlights the collaborative efforts between industry, educators, and innovators, showcasing the work of some of the finest talent and expertise in Ireland. The Expo reflects the close working relationship between ATU and employers in all aspects of engineering and technology across the region, providing an excellent opportunity for upcoming graduates to meet, discuss, and engage with their future employers.

Finally, I want to wish you all an enjoyable and informative day! Go raibh maith agaibh!

Dr Orla Flynn President of Atlantic Technological University

2023

Welcome from the Head of College & Head of the Faculty of Engineering & Design Welcome to the 2023 Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo at the Atlantic Technological University (ATU) Sligo campus – our 9th year to run this showcase!

After two years of both virtual and blended events we are This year, at the Engineering & Technology Expo you will see an extensive range of activities on show that include undergraduate student projects, postgraduate and staff research projects, industry exhibits and guest speakers – all aimed to inspire future engineers, showcase our graduates, promote engineering and technology in the Northwest and to open up engineering conversations and connections.

We hope this booklet portrays the breadth of talent of our students and the industries that continue to support us and are keen to attract graduates to their businesses.

In this booklet, over one hundred of our final year students showcase their projects that are the culmination of their education in ATU. We are proud that we educate students that satisfy the needs of industry across a broad range of programmes including; civil engineering & construction, mechanical engineering, precision engineering & design, mechatronics, electronic & computer engineering and a broad variety of computing programmes. The students contact details are on the posters for follow up for job opportunities etc.

We also have posters from our postgraduate research students and abstracts portraying the breadth of engineering research projects currently underway in the University.

We have over thirty companies showcasing the leading edge in engineering and technology on the industry promotional pages. Prospective job hunters and those interested about roles in engineering and technology are invited to contact these companies.

We hope that primary and secondary students along with the teachers and parents will be inspired about the potential of a career in engineering and technology.

This year we are also delighted to have the Expo industry talks on subjects from progressing your career to how water affects our daily lives. The talks include a host of speakers both from industry and the Faculty Heads of Department.

We are also delighted to offer secondary schools students a chance to engage in critical thinking, data analysis, and hands-on problem solving with SPIKETM Prime, LEGO® Learning System workshops, hosted by the AIM Academy (Advancing Innovation in Manufacturing Supply Chain) in partnership with CompupacIT. An event like this would not happen without a great team of people on board. I would like to thank everyone who contributed across many organisations and within ATU Sligo. A special thank you to our academic and technical staff who supported the student projects, our core ATU Sligo organising team, our event manager Oli Melia, our judges and our industry sponsors. We really grateful to the global healthcare company Abbott being our headline sponsor again this year.

I hope you enjoy the 2023 Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo.

Tá súl agam go mbainfidh tú taitnamh as an leabhar seo. Úna Parsons, Chartered Engineer, FIEI, FIAE Head of College, Atlantic Technological University Sligo Head of Faculty of Engineering & Design, Atlantic Technological University Sligo 15

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Award Winners Electronics and Computer Engineering Presented by Vision Built Winner: Riby Vargese

Computing Presented by Valeo Winner: Cian Tivnan

Mechatronic Engineering Presented by KAON Automation Winner: Morgan Davis

Mechanical and Precision Engineering Presented by Abbott Winners: James Graham & Lisa Molloy

Construction Project Management Presented by Glan Agua Winners: Joseph Finn

Ronan Healy Memorial Award Presented by Abbott Diabetes Care Winners: Oisin McLoughlin, Jack Crumley & Killian Hagan

Public Award Automation Inspection Rig Winners: Darragh O’Dowd / Stephen Farrell / John Cosgrove

Technology Expo 2023 ATU Sligo Engineering &

Public Vote for Best

Project

n Rig Automation Inspectio Farrell / John Cosgrove

Darragh O'Dowd / Stephen

Presented by: Úna Parsons - Head of

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Faculty of Engineering

& Design, ATU Sligo

4th May 2023

2023

Industry Folios

17

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ABBOTT IN IRELAND

Your journey begins here A WORLD OF OPPORTUNITIES

“Abbott helps improve people’s lives and I wanted to work for a company that helps people.” – New employee, Abbott Cherrywood

Donegal Sligo

With a long and deep presence in Ireland, Abbott is one of the country's largest healthcare companies with operations in all four provinces.

Abbott sites manufacture products that are distributed all over the globe.

10

Cootehill

SITES INNOVATING ACROSS IRELAND

Longford

Galway

Abbott in Ireland offers the opportunity to embrace city living or to move closer to a fulfilling position closer to home with locations in Cherrywood, Clonmel, Cootehill, Donegal, Galway, Liffey Valley, Longford, Kilkenny and Sligo.

Liffey Valley Cherrywood

Kilkenny Clonmel

We offer immense career opportunities both within sites as well as cross-site and internationally.

5,500+ EMPLOYEES IN IRELAND

JOIN A TEAM THAT INSPIRES YOU PERSONAL CONNECTION • Recognition of performance.

• Leaders engaged in employee well-being.

CULTURE

LEADERSHIP ACUMEN

TEAM ENVIRONMENT

• Diverse teams working across functions and geographies.

• Innovative-driven teams.

• Positive & collaborative work environment.

• Dedicated to patients.

• Accountability within team.

• Collaboration & support.

GROW AND DEVELOP YOUR CAREER DEVELOPMENT

COMPETITIVE COMPENSATION

• Development programs across all levels and functions.

• Mentoring and coaching from fully engaged leaders.

• A variety of impactful incentive programs to recognize performance across functions and business units.

• Competitive Defined Contribution pension.

Learn more and apply now at: www.ie.abbott/careers.html Connect with us:

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STRONG BUSINESS PERFORMANCE • Making life better for more than 135 years with an extensive investment in Abbott in Ireland since 1946.

• 115,000 employees worldwide making a lasting impact on health in over 160 countries.

2023

DIVERSIT Y DRIVES

innovation

At Abbott we believe when you bring a variety of perspectives to the table, it creates a culture of innovation - essential to facing the world's healthcare challenges. We have been widely regarded as an employer of choice, with numerous local and global awards recognizing our commitment to fostering an extraordinary diverse workplace.

We are committed to recruiting people with diverse experiences and perspectives to help us solve some of the world's most pressing healthcare challenges. We partner with professional and academic organizations to strengthen our pipeline of diverse talent.

Connect with us:

Abbott is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or protected Veteran status.

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY EXPO 2023

PEM Technology Gateway facility in Finisklin Business Park, Sligo The PEM Technology Gateway is dedicated to providing industry-oriented research and development in precision engineering, manufacturing, materials technologies, and innovation. Our goal is to assist companies in developing new products, processes, and services by tapping into the research expertise available at ATU. We offer a range of technology solutions that are designed to complement the needs of industry. Our equipment is readily available to businesses, allowing them to produce materials testing, one-off test pieces, prototypes, or ongoing production runs.

Our focus on innovation and technology ensures that our clients have access to cutting-edge resources and can remain competitive in their respective markets.

Make an appointment to come see our facilities first hand.

Below some of our extensive range of precision engineering & materials testing instruments

Yazamaki Mazak Quick Turn Compact 300MSY CNC Turning Centre

Instron 8874 Bi-axial Servohydraulic Testing System

Zwick Roell ZHU250CL-S SemiAutomatic Universal Hardness Testing System

PEM Technology Gateway

Russell Macpherson

Clíodhna Carroll

ATU Sligo Campus

Gateway Manager

Business Development Lead

Finisklin Business Park

E: russell.macpherson@atu.ie

E: cliodhna.carroll@atu.ie

Finisklin

T: 071 930 5556

T: 071 930 5145

SLIGO F91 PD65

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Machined parts

www.pemcentre.ie

HAAS VF-OE 3-Axis Milling Machine

Labor Tech Universal 600kN Electromechanically system

2023

(Recent lunchtime Site Visit to the Sligo Western Distributor Road (Ph2)

Who We Are

Engineers Ireland is the voice of the engineering profession in Ireland.

Our 25,000+ members make up a community of creative professionals delivering solutions for society.

The North West Region

Engineers Ireland North‐West are a voluntary group that cover the counties of Sligo and Leitrim. We provide a focal point for engineers in the region and proactively encourage their continuous professional development (CPD) through delivery of a varied programme of lectures, site visits, and networking events. We typically provide upwards of 10 free CPD hours for our members per year.

Get Involved We are always looking for volunteers and contact can be made via or Facebook Page or through the Committee Portal

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

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2023

ABOUT US First Polymer Training (FPT) Skillnet operates a training network for the Irish polymer industry and is co-funded by Skillnet Ireland and member companies. While specialising in specific courses for the polymer and MedTech sectors, many programmes are aimed at the wider manufacturing base, including a range of practical maintenance programmes.

Promoted by Polymer Technology Ireland, FPT's objective is to provide subsided technical training to the industry, at our stateof-the-art training centre in Athlone, online or in-company as required.

FPT is a QQI validated provider and offers a diverse range of polymer processing and design awards. A series of free e-learning and VR modules are also available to complement existing programmes.

WHY CHOOSE US

CONTACT US

We co-deliver online 3rd level polymer programmes with ATU, Sligo. Skillnet Ireland funding is available to subside the fees via FPT.

090 6471223 info@firstpolymer.com www.firstpolymerskillnet.com

Level 6 Certificate in Polymer Technology Level 7 BEng (Ord) in Polymer Process Engineering Level 8 BEng (Hons) in Polymer Process Engineering

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

INTRODUCING OUR NEW

2023

GRADUATE

Here, you get to do more!

PROGRAMME

We're We're looking looking for for graduates graduates in in EngineeringEngineering- All All Disciplines Disciplines Health Health && Safety Safety Quantity Quantity Surveying Surveying Project Project Management Management

Structured Job Rotation

Mentoring & Buddy System

Competitive Salary & Benefits

Dynamic & Innovative Team

Personal Skills Development

Permanent Job Placement

Apply to our 2023 Graduate Programme graduates@glanagua.com www.glanagua.com

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2023

Flexible, accredited and industry relevant courses.

Software Engineering

Data Science

Digital Manufacturing

Financial Mathematics

Digital Agriculture

Data in Context

AI for Medicine

Health Data Analytics

Cyber Security

Quantum Engineering & Computing

Advanced Electronic System Design

Find out more advancecentre.ie

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Sligo Engineering &April Technology Expo SF AbbVie GPTW A4 2023 v4.qxp_Layout 1 06/04/2023 12:51 Page 1

Making a real difference, together

If you would like to make a remarkable impact on people’s lives, visit

www.abbvie.ie/ careers

From day one, we’ve known that it takes teamwork, passion and a culture built on diversity and inclusion to develop the scientic breakthroughs, innovative pipelines, and therapies that change millions of patients’ lives around the world.

Thank you to our dedicated employees working at our sites across Ireland. You demonstrate the very best of our company culture and continue to advance our mission of making a remarkable impact in our communities and ensure these groundbreaking advancements happen. You are what makes AbbVie a great place to work.

A Decade of Impact. Endless Possibilities.

Best Workplaces™ for Women

Date of Preparation: January 2023 | IE-ABBV-230004

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2023

Project Supported By

About the Project Sensorisation of Injection Mould Tools created by Additive Manufacturing (AM) This I-Form Spoke project is undertaken by the I-Form team in collaboration with our industry partner, AbbVie. A number of their medical device components are manufactured using injection moulding as a core process. I-Form & AbbVie are funding research into Additively Manufactured (AM) injection mould tools that facilitate conformal cooling and offer greater design flexibility for mould sensorisation. Five key areas of research are being addressed by the team: •

•

•

•

•

Research into conformal cooling channels (CCCs), specifically the effects of surface roughness and channel features on improving heat transfer efficiency to the coolant.

Research into embedded sensors that provide accurate measurement of in-process data, monitoring the effect of the conformal cooling channels, achieving enhanced process optimisation and closed-loop control of the process.

Research into embedded sensors that provide rich data to demonstrate the ability of AM-produced mould tools to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses within the injection moulding process, tool condition monitoring.

Fully embedding wireless sensors into the cavity to minimise the number of wired connections on the machine and to achieve sensor locations that are not conventionally possible. These sensors are encased in the steel during the printing process.

Cavity lightweighting, to take advantage of the design freedom offered by AM tests are being conducted on cavities that reduce the overall material used to produce the cavities by 40%.

This work will offer opportunities for further process optimisation and sustainability within the medical device manufacturing industry.

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Manufacturing Engineering Apprenticeship Programmes Bachelor of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering (Apprenticeship) Level 7 Higher Certificate of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering (Apprenticeship) Level 6

The manufacturing apprenticeship programmes give business an unrivalled opportunity to grow and develop their talent pipeline and drive business growth into the future and has gone from strength to strength in the past five years. These apprenticeship programmes offer higher certificate and degree awards over a two and three-year period. The apprenticeship programme is a blended combination of 70% on-the-job employer-based training and 30% off-the-job training.

Developed by the Irish Medtech Association, an Ibec network, along with a strong industry consortium and Galway Mayo Institute of Technology (now ATU Galway) as the lead provider these Manufacturing Engineering apprenticeships are suitable for manufacturing companies across a wide range of sectors, e.g., medtech, pharma, food, engineering, automotive, electrical.

These programmes are currently offered by four academic providers: Atlantic Technological University Galway, Munster Technological University, Technological University of the Shannon - Midwest and Atlantic Technological University Sligo.

‘The Manufacturing Engineering Apprenticeship Program has been adopted as a strategic initiative to enable Stryker Ireland achieve its long-term business goals by developing an internal engineering talent pipeline. To date the projects implements have saved Stryker $450,000.’ David Quaid, Stryker Ireland ‘Because the apprentices are straight into a practical working environment, they can add value really quickly and integrate into the organisation well. It has been a great way to find and retain talent. I couldn’t recommend this more highly to perspective employers.’ Greg Reddin, J&J Vision Find out more on the dedicated website: www.manufacturingapprenticeships.ie

Polymer Technology Apprenticeship Programme Bachelor of Science in Polymer Processing Technology Level 7 Developed by Polymer Technology Ireland, an Ibec network, along with a strong industry consortium, First Polymer Training and Technological University of the Shannon (Athlone Campus) as the lead provider this polymer apprenticeship is suitable for any company producing polymer technologies/plastic products.

This polymer apprenticeship is offered with academic provider, TUS – Athlone campus.

Find out more on the dedicated website: www.polymertechnologygapprenticeships.ie

The Polymer apprenticeship has provided and excellent career path for existing employees who may not have otherwise considered pursuing a degree. Kevin Heffernan, Jabil (Bray)

These new Manufacturing Engineering and Polymer Technology apprenticeship programmes can help businesses to compete nationally and internationally by future-proofing the organisation with a well-managed talent pipeline that combines excellent educational qualifications with special on the job training that ensures work-ready people graduate from the programmes.

For more information contact Trish Breen, Telephone: 087- 715 7967 or e-mail: trish.breen@ibec.ie

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Smart Control of the Climate Resilience of European Coastal Cities

FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA! SCORE H2020 Project score_h2020 @SCORE_EUproject SCORE – Smart Control of the Climate Resilience in European Coastal Cities

Project Description SCORE is a four-year EU-funded project aiming to increase climate resilience in European coastal cities. The project will tackle specific challenges related to sea levels, coastal erosion and extreme weather events using an integrated solution of smart technologies and nature-based solutions.

One of the key activities under SCORE is to design, implement, and evaluate a novel framework of Coastal City Living Labs (CCLL) that will enable citizens and stakeholders to co-create and co-design the solutions with scientists, researchers and engineers to make sure these are sustainable and acceptable by the society.

Therefore, SCORE outlines a comprehensive strategy, developed via a network of 10 coastal city ‘living labs’, to rapidly, equitably, and sustainably enhance coastal city climate resilience through an Ecosystem-Based Approach (EBA) supported by sophisticated digital technologies.

SCORE will reduce the impacts of sea-level rise and extreme events due to climate change on European coastal cities by co-design, and codevelopment with citizens and stakeholders, and by deploying, testing, and demonstrating innovative EBAs, smart technologies, and hybrid Nature Based Solutions.

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Project Activities

2023

GRADUATE ENGINEERING PROGRAM If you are interested in joining an exciting company in one of Europe’s largest industries, then SF Engineering may be right for you!

C

We offer Graduates different career paths within engineering, where you will learn your trade from experts in all areas of the SF business: Manufacturing, Design, Project, Mechanical & Electrical, Proposals and Sales Engineers-that’s a lot of engineering expertise to help you succeed in your career goals!

As one of Ireland’s leading manufacturers of products and solutions for the global food industry, a career at SF is beyond what you might expect. At SF we realise that our employees are one of the keys to our success, we look for individuals who share our passion to succeed.

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

We are growing rapidly and have Job opportunities that would suit recent Engineering Graduates looking to kickstart start their engineering career with a global leader.

CMY

K

What SF Engineering can offer you: Structured Graduate training & development plan-you’ll spend time in multidisciplinary teams to gain an overall understanding of the SF business.

Learn through in-depth technical training – hands on experience of how SF considers and presents the best quality solutions for customers through each engineering process, and you will play a big part in helping us achieve this

What you can offer SF Engineering: Mechanical Engineering Qualification creative innovative problem solving

-

Solidworks experience - design creation using the latest 3D solidworks software Strong presentation and communication skills - concise with strong attention to detail

Career development plans - to help you achieve and succeed in your graduate role.

Passion for Engineering with self-confidence and a willingness to learn

Teamwork – We believe that Together Everyone Achieves More and all employees play a big part in the final customer solution

Full, clean driving licence preferred – you’ll need that for customer site visits as part of your structured ongoing training and development

Competitive salary package

Tel:

IE +353 (0) 71 9163334

www.sfengineering.ie

Tel:

UK +44 (0) 1487 740131

info@sfengineering.ie

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YOUR INNOVATION PARTNER

Litec Moulding Limited, Finisklin Business Park, Sligo LINDAL Group provides the technology inside and the design “on top” of over 3 billion aerosols per year.

Established in 1959 and never ceasing to innovate, LINDAL has become one of the global market leaders in aerosol technology. Lindal produces products that serve Personal care, Health Care, Home Care, Technical and Food Market places. Headquartered in Europe we serve our customers all over the world from our plants in Ireland, Germany, France, Italy, UK, USA, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey.

Lindal’s relationship with Sligo commenced in 2000, when a wholly owned subsidiary of Litec Moulding Ltd was created as the center of excellence for the LINDAL Group’s injection moulded technical components. By creating high value return for our customers, through the generation of innovative, technically advanced solutions Litec Moulding has continually grown year on year for every one of its’ 23 years to become a global producer of thin wall, high precision and fast cycle time products.

The company now operates on a 24/7 basis, employing over 80 staff, producing over 6 Billion parts per year.

This success has been made possible by Litec Mouldings’ highly skilled specialist team dedicated to exceeding customer expectations from design concept to customer dock in an environment focused on achieving Zero defect. The company philosophy is to seek excellence through continuous improvement of all our activities, products and services. This is encouraged through employee engagement, involvement, empowerment and a process of lifelong learning. The company actively support and encourage personal development and educational advancement.

Litec provides undergraduate placement opportunities and a graduate development programme. The company is actively involved locally with ATU Sligo and also further afield with University of Limerick, NUI Galway and Ulster University.

Lindal groups’ confidence in the diverse team based in Sligo has been expressed through the latest multi-millioneuro investment on actuator production assembly for a leading global brand and further planned investment in 2023 in state-of-the-art processes and equipment to meet the demands of today and tomorrow.

Litec Moulding Ltd part of Lindal Group is constantly on the lookout for new talent to become part of the team to ensure the continuing future success of the company both in Sligo and globally with opportunities for significant career development and progression.

If you are interested in a position with Litec Moulding Ltd please send a Cover Letter and Curriculum Vitae to

G_LIE-humanresources@lindalgroup.com

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Pioneering partners in the development of sustainable drug delivery solutions. 

Development of a medical device is typically a highly iterative process with design iterations requiring collaboration across a range of disciplines including project management, bio-medical engineering, design engineering, metrology, tooling design and production.



The Prior PLM Medical offering brings together a tightly integrated set of in-house skills and expertise that spans the development process, from concept to scale up.



We think of ourselves as a team of problem solvers.

Our mission is to expedite and de-risk the delivery of innovative medical devices ensuring that medicines can be delivered in a timely and affordable manner, to all in need, wherever they might be.



With a strong focus on development of more environmentally friendly drug delivery solutions, as well as capturing the benefits of enhanced connectivity and AI to improve patient outcomes, Priors PLM Medical are hiring across a range of medtech disciplines.



We are at Booth 27 at the Sligo Engineering and Technology Expo Knocknarea Arena on the 4th of May 2023.



Priors PLM Medical is certified to ISO 13485.

The company is based in Carrick on Shannon, County Leitrim, Republic of Ireland.

Hope to see you there !

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2023

FIND YOUR PASSION & DISCOVER THE POSSIBILITIES Czech Republic • Denmark • Finland • Ireland • Poland

With Our Engineering Rotational Program Phillips-Medisize offers an Engineering Rotational Program to new Bachelor and Master-level graduates with a degree in a related technical discipline. More than 140 engineers have participated in the Rotational Program since it began in 1986. This program provides a unique opportunity to experience different facilities, technologies and learn about the company, as well as establish good working relationships across facilities.

Many participants have gone on to advanced individual contributor roles, program management, engineering, plant and operations management positions within the company.

An engineer is typically in the Rotational Program for an 18-month period, involving up to three, six-month rotations at various Phillips-Medisize facilities (located in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Poland). International assignment opportunities outside of EU may be available as well. During each rotation, the rotational engineer works with an assigned engineering manager and is supported by a mentor who is trained to provide support and assist in their development.

At the end of the rotations, placement in the home country is based on the business need; the engineer will apply for open positions or remain in the role being supported in their last rotation assignment. These are full-time, regular positions offering a competitive salary and great benefits along with relocation assistance for each move.

Follow us on www.phillipsmedisize.com

„

„I know that what I'm doing now will contribute to comfortable living for many patients. I have the support of my mentor and manager, and lots of other people in Phillips-Medisize and that is so important. They encourage me to learn and they back me in the process of self-actualization."

MAGDALENA / PROJECT ENGINEER FROM POLAND

„

"Three rotations within different fields of engineering provide you with exceptional opportunities to find a suitable role for yourself based on your own personal strengths and interests while using your new degree!"

TOMMI / TOOLING ENGINEER FROM FINLAND

„

„What I enjoyed most about the program was facing new challenges, new problems to solve and new learnings from each rotation. I suggest to take rotations in roles that will challenge you and step outside of your comfort zone. This is what I did with Human Factors Engineering and now I'm shaping it into a career."

ALEX / HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEER FROM THE U.S.

Hear from our Rotational Engineers!

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Full service provider for mouldmaking

More than 100,000 high-quality standardised components make HASCO the most reliable full service provider for modern mouldmaking.

Easy - Online - Ordering

www.hasco.com

Anz_Standard_165x235_EN.indd 1

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27.02.2023 11:44:45

2023

Realise your potential Administration Accountancy & Finance Construction Sales & Marketing Human Resources Manufacturing IT Technical & Engineering www.arconrecruitment.com Tel: +353 94 902 9944 Email: info@arconrecruitment.com

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

World class Mould making, Moulding and Assembly www.avenue.nolato.com Avenue, a Nolato company based in Finisklin Business Park, Sligo is an award-winning mouldbuilding company, and a growing medical device precision injection moulding business that has been successfully serving Ireland and the broader European markets for over 30 years.

Avenue also brings expertise in building ultra-high-cavitation tooling for the medical device, diagnostics, and pharmaceutical markets.

For more details on the Career Opportunities available at Avenue, please contact: sonya.connolly@nolato.com

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Making a Difference in The Journey of Life

In Service to the Global Community

Who are we?

Hollister Incorporated is an independent, employee-owned company that develops, manufactures, and markets healthcare products worldwide. The company develops and manufactures products for ostomy care, continence care and critical care, and also develops educational support materials for patients and healthcare professionals.

Hollister has been serving healthcare professionals and patients for more than 100 years — making a difference in the journey of life for people throughout the global community.

Hollister Ballina

Hollister Incorporated opened its Ballina manufacturing facility in 1976 on a 40-acre campus in County Mayo.

Almost 1000 Associates work at our Ballina facility. The Ballina facility manufactures products for global distribution that support our ostomy care and continence care product lines. Over the years, we have expanded our operations beyond manufacturing to include Research & Development, Global Engineering, Supply Chain Management and Finance Shared Services. Global Research & Development for our Continence Care products is based exclusively in Hollister Ballina.

Hollister Ballina is a great place to work where individuals are valued and given the opportunity to reach their potential in a challenging and enjoyable work environment. Hollister Ballina continually recruits talented professionals across all departments. Potential opportunities include the following:

Fulltime Opportunities

Work Placements*

Graduate Project Process Engineers

Student R&D Engineer 2024 (Mechanical or Biomedical Engineering)

Quality Engineers, Validation

Engineering (Mechanical, Biomedical, Electronic) 2024

Project Process Engineers

Science (Pharmaceutical & Industrial Chemistry, Biopharmaceutical Chemistry) 2024

Senior R&D Engineers, R&D Scientists & R&D Technicians

IT (Summer Internships) 2024

Log on to our Global Careers Page at https://www.hollister.ie/careers to view and apply. *Work placements are organized in conjunction with universities.

Making a Difference in The Journey of Life for current vacancies or to register your interest in future opportunities.

atu.ie

Alternatively, please scan the QR Code above to view current vacancies in Hollister Ballina.

2023

WE ARE

HIRING. > Graduate Controls Engineers > Graduate Mechanical Design Engineers > Graduate Electrical Design Engineers TO APPLY: Send your C.V. to careers@kaonautomation.com

kaonautomation.com/careers

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

FULL-RANGE SUPPLIER

CONTINUOUS AVAILABILITY

STANDARD PARTS

FOR MOULD AND DIE MAKING

TOP QUALITY

ONLINE SERVICE

PERSONAL CONSULTATION

Meusburger is the market leader in the field of high-precision standard parts. Customers all over the world make use of the advantages of standardisation and benefit from the company’s over 55 years of experience in working with steel. The product portfolio ranges from high-precision standard parts and selected products for workshop equipment to hot runner systems and control systems and systems in the areas of knowledge Management and ERP. This makes Meusburger the reliable global partner for making moulds, dies, jigs and fixtures.

Read more at: www.meusburger.com

Discover more at:

www.meusburger.com

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2023

NOW RECRUITING HIGHLY SKILLED ENGINEERS Mechanical / Electrical Engineers Instrumentation/ Control/ PLC Programming Engineer Process Engineering Reliability Engineering • Working on international collaborative Engineering projects • Attractive salary and bonus scheme • Gain further professional qualifications and highly sought after professional and technical skills • Gain Chartership status • Continued Professional Development • Pension plan and life cover • Award-winning career development pathways • Working with experienced, professional mentors

As part of a strategic plan to reposition the efficiency, carbon footprint and overall engineering resilience of its operations, a number of new positions have been identified within the Engineering, Process Control and Maintenance functions in Mannok Cement. The objective is to ensure all functions are supported at a sufficiently high skill-level and competency to meet current and future needs of the business.

Several important and exciting internationally collaborative engineering projects are currently in train at Mannok Cement which are aimed at ensuring future environmental compliance, improving plant efficiency, reducing CO2 while driving energy reduction overall. This work will require a very strong project management and

technical engineering competency over the next five years. All work will be completed within a Lean Engineering framework with Continuous Improvement as a core objective. The range of innovative, research-led projects planned, particularly within the CO2 reduction space, will ensure that the professional and technical skills of those involved will be leading-edge and in demand both locally and internationally. We will be supporting maximum skills-attainment with accredited professional qualification in all cases.

Customer demand is expected to remain very high over the same period and so a consistently high plant operational efficiency is critical on order to remain competitive.

JOIN THE MANNOK TEAM See mannokbuild.com/careers for full details

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

INNOVATION | DESIGN | PRECISION ENGINEERING

We at T&T Precision Ltd. are dedicated to both craft and customer, with over 28 years of innovation, design and contract manufacturing serving the life science, MedTech & Aerospace sectors, we are sure to be your number one choice for all engineering solutions.

We are situated on a 36,000 SQE FT facility based on the Cork city ring road with over 60 employee’s, AS9100 Aerospace, ISO13485 Medical device & ISO9001 quality accreditations.

For us, quality is at the forefront. We are a family business performing on a global stage.

Please reach out to us at any stage for all queries at info@twohigprecision.com or feel free to message us on LinkedIn: T&T Precision Ltd.

All problems are better faced together.

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Image credit © levittbernstein.co.uk

Building The Future. Offsite.

Vision Built specialise in the design, manufacture and installation of sustainable 2D & 3D offsite light gauge steel frame building solutions.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Email: INFO@VISION-BUILT.COM Phone: +353 91 795505 Web: www.vision-built.com

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2023

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

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2023

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering The Department’s academic roots started 50 years ago, and today it offers a diversified educational portfolio, from Levels 6 to 10, as well as new Apprenticeships. In addition to being Ireland’s largest provider of accredited online programmes in Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, and Quality Management, the Department provides degrees in Manufacturing, Mechanical, and Precision Engineering.

Together with its state of the art laboratories and workshops, the Department follows a digital agenda that capitalises on the transformational potential of technology enhanced learning. With academic staff from a strong industrial background, generating impactful research, the Department is well aligned to the current strategic pillars of the new Atlantic Technological University, and has the capacity to further contribute to the quadruple helix model of innovation amongst academia, industry, government and society.

Xavier Velay

Head of Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

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2023

BEng and BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering and in Precision Engineering & Design Our programmes allow graduates to develop their ability to analyse engineering products and equipment, and to design, plan and manufacture in innovative ways. They bring together a highly qualified academic team, sophisticated computer tools, and modern laboratories and workshops, to produce Mechanical Engineers and Technicians who are able to design and manufacture better and more efficient solutions.

Over the years, students develop the flair, creativity and practical knowledge needed for the design and manufacture of successful products and equipment.

They use the latest solid modelling & product simulation tools to model and evaluate their designs, all of which are supported by an in-depth understanding of engineering principles. The students also develop the ability to employ various manufacturing technologies to produce and test working prototypes.

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ATU Sligo Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Final Year Student Projects

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2023

Automation Inspection Rig Darragh O’Dowd-S00213350@atu.ie

Stephen Farrell- S00200750@atu.ie

John Cosgrove-S00200312@atu.ie

Mechanical Engineering

Introduction • Manufacturers are seeing an increasing need for automation year over year. As we visited a local injection moulding company located in Ballymote Co. Sligo we incorporated an idea of building an automation machine to reduce the need for manual labour.

Operation • Siemen's PLC & the following: • Flow charts • State transition diagrams • Ladder logic Components • VFD • Motors/Conveyor • Through Beam Sensors • Double Acting Cylinders • Single Acting Cylinders

Process Plan

To design and build a prototype automation assembly rig that can be used in any industrial setting.

Design Brief

Methodology

Station 1

• Research: • The different ways of transporting a part: • Conveyor • CAM Box • Actuators • Gravity • The different ways of moving a bad part into a bin: • Actuator • Flap • Indexing wheel

Manual Machining

Station 2

Construction • The majority of the rig was constructed using aluminium profile. And fastened together using M4 – M8 SHCS.

• Station 1: • The start of the project where the wheels are stacked in a vertical stacker and Ejected onto the conveyor.

• Station 2: • This station is where the wheel is stopped clamped and inspected using a plunger.

• Station 3: • This station is where the part is passed or failed

Station 3

• Milling Machine • Lathe • Pillar Drill Design planning:

Sustainability • Salvage • Cannibalise • Cost Reduction • Delivery

Select the type of engineering project.

Create Gantt chart

Develop initial concepts

Review concepts and choose which one to develop

Model design in Solid works.

Through Beam Sensor In Action

Fabrication

• CNC Machining • 3D Printer • Laser and Plasma • CNC Milling machine • Sanding Machine Hass CNC Milling Machine

Laser And Plasma

3D Printing

Inside CNC Machine

3D Printer

CNC Machining

EXPO Day 2023

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

53

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Mechanical Engineering

Dual Log Splitter Lisa Molloy 087 3481467 Lisamolloy15@gmail.com

James Graham 087 1871463 Jamesgraham1213@gmail.com

Introduction

Conclusion

Wood is a popular, traditional and renewable means of heating Irish homes. Wood needs to be split to be useful and to be storable. We designed this log splitter to be fast, efficient and prevent injury to user.

Objectives of fabricating the log splitter were achieved.

Plans to make an additional blade failed. Given more time a quad blade could have been fabricated that could split timbers into four pieces.

Concept Drawing

Objective

Safety Features

The objective of this project was to create a log splitter that could,

• TwoTo operate splitter Handed require both hands

• Split wood fast • Incorporate safety features • Utilize a lift System • Incorporate an ergonomic Design.

• 10mm Finger Gap

Prevents accidental Injury

• Lift

Prevents unnecessary lifting

Approach •

While researching this project, the team observed different types and variations of log splitters.

•

During this research phase the team tried to use features from both vertical and horizontal log splitters.

Log Splitter worked as intended and split timber. Use the QR code below to view videos to see operation of splitter.

Scan QR Code for Dual Log Splitter Videos • Operation • Fabrication

Two Handed Safety

• Many homemade and commercial log splitters were assessed by the team to figure out a better, safer and more ergonomic design.

•

The teams log splitter had to stand out.

Log Splitter Fitted on Massey Ferguson 35

Isometric Exploded View Faculty Head of Department Xavier Valey ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

SAR Mechanical Crawler

Mechanical Engineering

| BEng in Mechanical Engineering | Year 3 Project

Eamonn Devlin (Team Cpt), Co. Donegal

Darragh Cawley, Co. Sligo

Kiril Bondar, Co. Monaghan

Email: s00209645@atu.ie Mobile: 087 9705067 LinkedIn QR Code

Email: s00211833@atu.ie Mobile: 089 6168527 LinkedIn QR Code

Email: s00212372@atu.ie Mobile: 086 4530950 LinkedIn QR Code

Objective: The aim of the project is to further develop skills & understanding of mechanical engineering by designing a machine which allows transportation of medical equipment in mountain rescue situations as well as potential casualties if necessary.

Introduction: The Search and Rescue Mechanical Crawler is a one of a kind innovation, designed, manufactured & assembled by our year 3 project team.

METHODOLOGY:

Results: • DC Control Circuit powered by two rechargeable and reversible car wiper motors from a 2008 Nissan Qashqai.

• Supply 10 Amps each Linkages Frame seperately through the cranks at the same time.

SolidWorks Modelling, Motion Studies, Etc 3D Printed Prototype Development

Welding, Cutting, Drilling, Grinding, Etc

• Shadow Graph defines angles with great precision.

As the name suggests, it achieves this by casting a large shadow of the desired angle comprehensively.

• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Speed Controller to replace simplistic potentiometer Faculty Head of Department Xavier Valey ATU Sligo

atu.ie

55

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Smart Renewably powered Water pump for Agriculture Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

Matthew Barry

Supervisor name

Matthew.Barry@atu.ie Barrymatthew10@gmail.com

S00209772

Methodology

Smart Renewably powered Water pump for Agriculture Introduction

The basic concept of this project was suggested by one of my lecturers Eamonn Price. A suite of smart electronics were added to add some novel element to the project. The target market was farmers who live near to rivers/streams.

Objective

The main objectives of the project is to develop a system incorporating a water pump that meets the water requirements of farmers, is portable via quad, is powered by renewable energy sources, can monitor, collect, compile, and transmit data on water quality to farmers devices. The final objective is to incorporate an alert system that contacts a farmer via SMS and Phone if a fertilizer or chemical runoff occurs.

Programming • Raspberry Pi 4B connected via I2C to Arduino Uno • Waveshare SIM7600G HAT using Twilio Super SIM to provide SMS, 4G connectivity, and phone call capability • Raspberry Pi4B Programmed using NodeRed and Linux • Arduinos programmed in C/C++ • PH measured using DFRobot PH Meter v1.1 () • Dissolved Oxygen level measured using Atlas Scientific D.O. Probe ENV-40-DO • Arduino Uno connected to DFRobot SEN0204 Non-contact liquid level sensor.

Powered by DFRobot Solar Cell DFR0559 5V.

Results

Methodology

Research Research into the following was performed: • Water Needs of Most water intensive farmers.

• Renewable energy sources • Electronics and software • Water pumps • Battery technology Design Planning During this phase, the following was done: • Selecting technologies to incorporate • Creation of Gantt Chart • Creation/development and refining of design concepts • Assessing available resources • Creation of SolidWorks Models and Drawings • Ordering or acquiring additional needed components Fabrication Utilizing the following: Milling machine Bandsaw FDM 3D Printing Welding

How does the machine work The wind turbine is mounted onto a telescopic tower made of aluminum extrusion.

The sensor buoy holds a PH and Dissolved Oxygen sensor which are connected to an Arduino which is connected to a RPi4B. The Waveshare module uses a Twilio super sim card to provide 4G, SMS and automated phone call capabilities.

Conclusion

• The objective to design, construct and test a portable agricultural pump powered by renewable energy sources, incorporating smart sensors to monitor water quality was achieved.

• The project demonstrates multiple skillsets of the author.

• Taking the project on as a single person was with hindsight too great an undertaking. Despite this a great deal was achieved.

• With more time this project concept could easily be developed into a commercial product.

Faculty Head of Department

ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

BEng (Hons) – Mechanical and Precision streams Mechanical Engineering is a broad discipline covering Mechanics, Dynamics, Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Materials and Design. A Mechanical Engineer builds on the knowledge gained in these subject areas to enable them to design new machines and devices.

Precision Engineering is a specialisation of Mechanical Engineering which focuses on the manufacture of high accuracy products. Precision Engineering is particularly focused on the needs of industry where students learn about the use of computer-controlled machines (CNC), and metrology, the science and practice of measurement.

In addition to its portfolio of Level 7 (BEng) programmes, the Department offers a flexible way to graduate with a Level 8 (BEng Honours) programme. Students can join one of our two add-on programmes, either the BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering, or the BEng (Hons) in Precision Engineering and Design. The BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering (ab-initio) is also on offer.

During their Level 8 studies, students develop their knowledge and understanding of the main subject areas further. They also learn how to choose appropriate analytical tools / equipment / software to solve complex engineering problems. In addition, students develop the skills to manage projects and deliver them within a specified timeframe.

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Material and Failure Analysis of Domestic Wind Turbine Blade Lauren Banks

Dr Molua Donohoe

S00185157@atu.ie

S00185157

Wind energy is widely regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy sources, with the design of wind turbine blades playing a crucial role in the amount of energy that can be harvested. These blades are particularly vulnerable to destruction due to their exposure to unstable winds that can change speed or direction, resulting in cyclic and fluctuating loads. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to analyse the material failure of a domestic horizontal-axis wind turbine blade using a combination of computer-aided design (CAD) simulations, manual calculations, and physical testing. The outcome of this investigation detailed the blade's resistance to impact, material performance, and cycles to failure.

Three-Point Bend Testing Results The wind turbine blade was able to sustain a maximum load of 2638.75 N before failure and failed when the flexural load reached 184.59 N. The stress at failure was 5.40 MPa, lower than the maximum stress experienced during the test, indicating potential material defects or stress concentrations. The maximum strain was 4.62 and the maximum deflection prior to fracture was 40.35 mm.

Similar results were obtained in the testing of specimen 2, with a maximum load sustained of 2538.40 N and maximum stress experienced 73.5 MPa. Negligible deviations were observed in test 3 where the maximum load sustained by the blade during testing was 2732.37 N. The load that caused the blade to fail in the outlier test was 138.22 N. These values inform the strength, durability, and maximum wind speed at which the blade can safely operate.

Blade Material Specifications PAG glass-reinforced material is a type of nylon material known for its high mechanical strength, excellent shock absorption and sound attenuation properties, good electrical insulation properties, resistance to heat, low friction coefficient, abrasion, weak acid, alkali, and general solvents.

It has a temperature range of -40 ℃ to +110 ℃. According to the material design specifications, it’s a highly versatile material that possesses a variety of excellent mechanical and physical properties, including a tensile strength of 165MPa and a yield strength of 103.6MPa, an elastic modulus of 2620MPa, an elongation rate of 25%, and a density of 1120kg/m³.PAG glass-reinforced polyamide blades are lighter and thinner, reducing the overall weight of the structure and resulting in savings in raw materials and energy consumption. The material can easily be moulded into various blade designs that closely match the theoretical design.

Fatigue Testing Results The results from practical testing allowed for a half-log S-N curve to be constructed. The results shown below, detail the following results: • The specimen will fail at 104 cycles when subject to a stress amplitude greater or equal to 1.22MPa. • The specimen will fail at 106 cycles when subject to a stress amplitude less than or equal to 1.10MPa. • Test specimen 5 was not subject to failure thus, the cycles to failure remain inconclusive.

The fatigue cyclic loading tests on PAG glass-reinforced polyamide specimens showed that decreasing the total load increased the number of revolutions. Specimen 1 failed after 3999 revolutions due to an initial load higher than the allowable load. Specimen 2 reached failure at 6543 revolutions, while Specimen 3 failed after 7142 revolutions. In contrast, Specimen 4 showed the most accurate results as the fibres ran perpendicular to fracture, allowing for more stress resistance.

Specimen 5 operated continuously for over 300,000 revolutions without failing. Test 4 results were consistent with material specifications, which showed that fatigue specimens failed after 241,425 cycles when the fibres were oriented parallel to the load and 525,900 cycles when fibres were oriented perpendicular to the load.

Charpy Impact Testing Results Charpy impact testing was conducted and found to be in agreement with the values reported in online sources. The average result obtained was 0.811J, which is within the acceptable range. This results in an impact energy of 8110J/m2 which indicates the amount of work required to fracture the specimen under impact loading.

This suggests that the material has low impact resistance, rendering it unsuitable for applications that require resistance to sudden impacts, such as turbine blade construction.

Project Conclusions The objective of this evaluation was to assess the blade's ability to withstand failure, which has been successfully achieved. The material exhibits several desirable properties such as a high flexural modulus, microstructural orientation perpendicular to force, high cycle fatigue performance below 1MPa, and the ability to withstand significant displacement, stress, and strain.

However, it was observed that the material did not fully meet the expected material specifications. The material demonstrated brittle fractures at room temperature, indicating unsuitability for colder climates where sudden impact due to foreign flying objects or high winds is a significant concern. Therefore, a more ductile material may be better suited to such environmental conditions.

Solidworks Three-Point Bending Simulation Through Solidworks analysis, it was discovered that the blade could endure a maximum load of 260N, resulting in a maximum stress of 1.684x107 N/m2. The analysis also showed a maximum displacement of 37.76mm and a maximum strain of 9.612x10-3.

The microstructure observations from Charpy test specimens seen above, reveal a visible glass fibre structure. The impact on the material is perpendicular to the fibre structure, resulting in more even distribution of stress across grain boundaries and better resistance to impact. The figures above show the fracture surface and area of the crack propagation.

Similarly, the microstructure is observed where the complete blade underwent three-point bending, which highlights the significance of dispersed fibres for enhancing mechanical properties, such as strength and toughness, in PAG glassreinforced polyamide. Therefore, it can be inferred that the blade’s fibres exhibit a vertical orientation.

Based on observations through SEM, it can be inferred that fatigue samples 2 and 3 (left) fractured parallel to the grain direction of the reinforcing fibres, which is weaker compared to perpendicular fractures. However, specimen 4 (right) fractured perpendicular to the cyclic loading, which is similar to the actual blade structure.

Therefore, the results obtained from test 4 correlate accurately with real-world loading on turbine blades. In composite materials, fibre orientation and loading direction affect material strength and characteristics.

Atlantic Technological University, Sligo Campus.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

atu.ie

2023

Cormac Boylan The objective of this study was to determine

fast rate at first but the further along the

Results obtained from the manual calculations

the optimal length of a cooling fin that was to

fin it goes the rate of heat transfer becomes

were very similar and could be easily compared

be used on a CPU heatsink. A range of

lower and lower until finally there is little to

and conclusions could be drawn based on the

different thicknesses were tested under

no heat transfer at the tip.

results.

forced and natural convection for both copper and aluminium fins.

Cooling fins Cooling fins are surfaces that extrude from a body in an effort to dissipate

heat. The extrusions from the body increase the bodies overall surface area which allows more air to flow over the body and in between each of the fins. Fins are used on the heatsinks of CPUs to help keep the CPU, which is the brains of a computer operating at a

Once the rate of heat transfer decreases too much it is no viable to have the fin any longer as it is a waste of material and space. This is the fins Optimal length.

From the manual calculations results, graphs could be plotted to determine a point of optimal length and to compare the different forms of convection and fin thickness as well as materials used.

safe temperature.

3D CAD analysis provided a

Analysis for this study were carried out with

visual representation of

the use of manual calculations and 3D CAD

the temperature along the

software analysis. A range of fin thicknesses

length of the fin for a

will be analysed for both copper and aluminium

better understanding.

under both forced and natural convection. A

Plots were also produced

small look was also done at the facing between Heatsinks come with fins of different

the fins and what affect that has on the

thicknesses. The fins analysed in this study

cooling of the heated body.

for comparison with the manual calculations.

were 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm to represent thin fins and, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 2.5 mm to represent thick fins.

Fin pacing was also looked at in small detail with the full based heated as well as a small

Convection is the flow of a fluid in any state,

portion heated to represent the CPU.

either liquid or gas, across regions with differing temperatures in order to transfer heat. There are two main types of convection, free or natural convection, where the flow of

the fluid is natural, and forced convection, where the flow of the fluid is forced by an external source such as a fan.

1. An exact optimal length is hard to determine but good approximation can be made.

2. Thin fins = natural convection 3. Thick fins = forced convection

4. Fin thickness affects optimal length

At the base of a fin, there is a high rate of heat transfer. The fin here is the same

5. Copper better conductor of heat.

6. Fin Spacing affects cooling.

temperature as the body while the ambient air temperature is at a constant, resulting in a hight

temperature

difference.

The

temperature along the fin drops at a relatively

Cormac Boylan Gowna, Co. Cavan 0838491553 cormacboylan4@gmail.com

59

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

The Effect of Flow Arrangement on Thermal Power Transmission in a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (Micheál Burke S00198519) Objective: The objective of this thesis was to examine the effect of parallel and counter flow arrangements on thermal power transmission in a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE). Mathematical analysis, CFD software, and experimentation were used as the modes of investigation.

Parallel Flow vs Counter Flow: A double pipe heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from one fluid to another. It consists of two concentric tubes made of a highly conductive material like copper. One fluid flows through the inner tube and the other fluid flows through the region between the tubes (annulus). Liquid water was the working fluid for this investigation. In parallel flow the fluid flow in the same direction. In counter flow the fluid streams move in opposite directions. (Figure by Omni Calculator) Parallel Flow Configuration (Experiment)

Counter Flow Configuration (Experiment)

Experimentation: A double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) was fabricated demonstrating the difference in outlet temperatures between the parallel and counter flow arrangements.

CFD Simulation: Solidworks Flow Simulation was used to conduct a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow arrangements. The CAD model used was based on the experiment apparatus.

Parallel Flow Configuration (CFD Simulation)

Counter Flow Configuration (CFD Simulation)

(Mathematical Analysis) - Rate of Heat Tranfer (Q) vs Surface Area (As) 25.00

20.00

Rate of Heat Transfer(kW)

Mathematical Analysis: The NTU Effectiveness Method and Newtons Law of Cooling was used to generated a graph of Thermal Power Transmission vs Convective Heat Transfer Surface Area.

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Convective Heat Transfer Area (mm2) Parallel Flow

Conclusion: The counter flow arrangement was superior regrading thermal power transmission when the convective heat transfer area was increased. At 1 meter long there was no significant difference between flow arrangements but at 10 meters long there was a significant difference. In industry a shell and tube heat exchanger would be used. This configuration consists of bundles of tubes in a more compact setup. (Figure by Arveng Training & Engineering).

atu.ie

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Counter Flow

2000

2500

2023

Truck Aerodynamics Martin Earley Contact Info

The Problem Looking at the transport industry in Europe, trucks produce 30% of the carbon emissions, despite making up just 4% of the vehicles on the road. With over 6 million HGVs on European roads producing 2.68kg of carbon for every litre of fuel used, this issue provides an opportunity for development in the area of improving the fuel efficiency of these heavy goods vehicles.

The Possible Solution Aerodynamics is one of the main components affecting fuel efficiency, especially at higher speeds, where the drag force, caused by the interaction between the vehicle and the air around it, becomes exponentially more prevalent than any other area of losses. The cab-over (flat nose) style lorry used in the EU in an aerodynamic disaster, and with electric truck technology still some time out, along with this technology introducing weight issues, aerodynamic development can immediately reduce carbon emissions and fossil fuel consumption.

Testing Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing, a model of a standard European articulated lorry, which is seen everyday on our roads, was tested to find what features contribute to its aerodynamics, and what more can be done to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle.

Results Rounded corners contributed the largest reduction in drag experienced with a drop of almost 30%, while side skirts, an aerodynamic feature rarely 3500 Improved observed, provided a drop of between 2% and 4%.

3000 Aero Testing features that break EU dimension legislation 2500 found the largest improvement in aerodynamics 2000 No other than the rounded edges. The addition of a Aero 1500 bullnose, just 0.5m in length reduced drag by almost Standard 1000 Aero 13%. A reduction of this magnitude can be 500 translated to a yearly financial saving of around 0 €2,500 and 3.8 tonnes of carbon, for just one truck.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Drag Force (N)

4000

Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamics

Graph No.

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Forces experienced by an endmill during Ayrton Gleeson machining Contact Info Introduction/ Aim This report will investigate the advantages of using either a large step-over or small step-down method using a standard endmill in a CNC machine versus using a small step-over and a large step-down method under the same conditions. Each method was scientifically tested under the same conditions within the general workshop to collect data and calculations will be carried out to use alongside the data produced by the experiment. The experiment will be carried out by machining a stepover of 3,5,7mm and a stepdown of 5mm. Then repeating the same step overs but increasing the step down to 10mm to compare results.

One of the key features of this research was calculating the forces acting on the endmill and the amount of forces required to cut the material. The merchant circle was used to calculate the relevant forces in the x and y axis.

Merchant circle

Experiment and Data The experiment was carried out using a dynamometer.

The dynamometer was used to detect the forces produced in the x,y and z axis. The dynamometer then produced a graph that could be studied and analysed

Analysis and conclusion The best method is the large step-down and small step-over. The reason for this is that having a large step down produces less force on the end mill than increasing the step over, it is evident that increasing the step over increases the forces in the y-axis and therefore puts a large amount of force on the endmill, the ratio of material removed to the force applied to the endmill is most efficient when the step down is increased compared to increasing the step over.

atu.ie

2023

Analysis of the Lift-to-Drag Ratio for a NACA 632-615 Airfoil Through Physical Experiments and Simulation By: Alan Hennigan Email: alanjhennigan@gmail.com

LinkedIn:

Introduction

Project Aim

Research

An airfoil is an aerodynamic structure designed to manipulate the air it is travelling through to create an aerodynamic lift force, they are most commonly found in turbine blades, aircraft wings and helicopter rotors

The purpose of this project was to investigate and compare the results of practical experimentation against computer modelling of aerofoil to plot the lift and drag curves.

Detailed research was conducted in the areas of: • Lift and Drag on airfoils • Fluid flow and boundary layers • Dimensional Analysis and Scaling The lift and drag at various wind velocities and Angles of Attack was calculated and measured

Computer Simulation, Wind Tunnel Experiments and Manual Calculations were carried out and the results were compared

SolidWorks SolidWorks Flow Analysis was used to replicate the wind tunnel experiments.

The results showed a similar flow profile.

Experiment

The lift-to-drag ratio occurred at an angle of attack of 10°

A two-component force sensor was designed using micro load cells and an Arduino.

Very useful for visualising the fluid flow and the flow separation

The lift and drag were measured in the HM170 Wind Tunnel The airfoil was tested at six Angles of Attack, 0° to 25°, at 5, 10 and 15 m/s

Force Sensor Design Load Cell was designed in SolidWorks and 3D printed for testing A two-component force sensor was designed using micro load cells and an Arduino.

Standard parts were used where possible to maintain simplicity and reduce cost Each load cell was connected to an Arduino to measure the lift and drag forces.

Simulation Flow simulation in SolidWorks was used to simulate the experiment.

Results correlated with theoretical calculations

Conclusions Airfoils efficiency increased up to 15°, but decreased after this point The project gave me the opportunity to develop new and existing skills and showcase them.

Overall the project was successful and allowed me to learn about an area that was outside my area of expertise.

63

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

The Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Build Time for FDM 3D-Printed PLA Introduction & Background: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process in which extruded material is used to build a model layer by layer.

Progress:

CONNALL

Finite Element Analysis: • Using finite element analysis stress concentration was discovered in the model design from the small fillet radius.

The orientation in which FDM components can be built has no limitations due to the assistance of printing supports.

While orientation may not be limited; some orientations may be more desirable from the point of view of strength, minimising support, and reduced production time.

Objectives: • Investigate the effect of build orientation on mechanical properties and build time for FDM 3DPrinted PLA

• The fillet radius was increased and the stress concentration was eliminated

Methodology: Research 1. Additive manufacturing Technology • Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 2. Build materials • Polylactic Acid (PLA) 3. Additive manufacturing characteristics • Build orientation, overhang, stress concentration 4. Build parameters • Infill density, layer height, bed adhesion type, nozzle temperature, print pattern, print speed, overhang angle 5. Tensile test • Offers the fundamental design information necessary for understanding material capabilities Design • Design dog-bone FDM testing components suitable for tensile testing Analysis • Finite element analysis on the component model to look for any stress concentration within the component design • The small radius fillet was causing the components the fail at a lower force than expected, design modifications were made to eliminate the stress concentration Fabrication • 3D Print PLA FDM components in 5 standard build orientations Parameter Layer Height Nozzle Temperature Overhang Angle Print Speed Support Pattern Bed Adhesion Type Print Pattern Infill Density

Value 0.2 mm 200°C 60° 40 m/s Zigzag Raft Default 100%

Experimentation • Tensile test FDM components to calculate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) Further Developed Experimentation • A further 5 incline-angled build orientations were fabricated to investigate the ultimate tensile strength at interval angles between the strongest and weakest build orientations

atu.ie

Results: • The UTS for each orientation was manually calculated using the failure force and component cross-sectional area Build Orientation Flat 90° Flat 45° Flat 0° On Edge Vertical

Calculated UTS (MPa) 41.47 43.93 49.62 48.64 30.93

Build Orientation 15° 30° 45° 60° 75°

Calculated UTS (MPa) 39.64 37.81 41.29 29.89 22.36

Conclusions: • Mechanical properties and build time of the FDM 3D-printed PLA parts were significantly influenced by the build orientation • The interlayer fracture (between layers) strength is primarily determined by the interlayer bonding strength, while the intralayer fracture (within layers) strength is primarily determined by the extruded material strength • Tensile strength decreased when the build orientation of the components was aligned from flat to the upright direction and 0° to 90° printing angle • Horizontal (flat) build orientations yielded a maximum of 36.67% higher tensile strength than the vertical (upright) build orientation • Orientating the FDM part along the direction of loading tension will improve the ultimate tensile strength of the component

Connall McGowan Tullaghan, Leitrim 0876191331 Connallmcgowan@hotmail.com

2023

Hammad Ahmed

Objective

To develop a system that can record and display varying complex strains with time.

Stages of Experiments

Mathematical Analysis

Bending strain

Bending Strain-Comparison 400 350 300

Strain (micron)

Introduction • In a working machine, majority of the components are under complex stresses • Along with numerical data, visualization is necessary for accurate understanding of varying stresses with time.

• These stresses are not directly measurable, hence strains are measured and converted into stresses

Stage 1: Initial testing was done for proving that the gauges are working correctly. Moreover, proving that the theory used, produces the results as expected

250 200 150 100 50 0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Mass (Kg) Manual Calculation

Experimental Values

Linear (Manual Calculation)

Linear (Experimental Values)

The strain values measured using the strain gauges were very close to those calculated by bending theory.

Shear strain Shear Strain-Comparison 70.00

Strain (Micron)

60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00

Project Plan • Design a apparatus that can undergo complex stresses • Validate the designed circuit with Vishay Unit • Program the Arduino to achieve desired results and discuss any complications • If Arduino did not yield any positive results, use Vishay Unit in conjunction with pc to achieve desired results

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0.8

Mass (Kg)

Stage 2: Arduino circuity was approved with known un-balanced bridge

Manual Calculation

Experimetal Values

Linear (Manual Calculation)

Linear (Experimetal Values)

Shear strain values started to diverge with bigger masses. But the area of error for experiments was small and hence results were adequate.

Poisson’s Effect: Poisson's Ratio Effect-Comparison 0.00

Instrumentation

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Strain (micron)

• Vishay unit is used to record and display strain values. It has high accuracy and can be connected to a computer • Arduino is a micro-controller. It can be programmed in various ways to tackle the input data and produce desired results

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Stage 3: Arduino was used to detect the readings from the strain gauge No fluctuations were detected, and Arduino did not prove successful

Mass (Kg) Manual Calculation

Experimental Values

Linear (Manual Calculation)

Linear (Experimental Values)

Poisson’s effect showed on 90˚ gauge. It showed same variation as bending strain. But Mirrored and reduced.

Results Vishay Unit

Complex Strain Analysis

Arduino

1400 1200 1000

Apparatus

Stage 4: Following the limitation of the unit, the values of strains were recorded with a minimum rate of 1 second.

The goal to read the output of the unit directly into our program was not reached

Conclusion

• The choice of Arduino with a self-developed Wheatstone Bridge, as a system did not yield promising results.

• It was not possible to process the strain data until data capture was completed by the Vishay Unit

Strain (Microns)

• The apparatus used for initial testing included a rectangular beam attached with three strain gauges at 0˚-45˚-90˚.

• Weights were applied at the free end to generate bending moment at fixed end • A system was devised to enable the weight to be applied “off centre” to the beam and hence producing bending and torsion

800 600 400 200 0

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Time (Seconds) Bending

Torsion

Poisson's Ratio

The graph illustrates the varying complex strains with time. Up to 35 seconds only bending was applied. Then followed by torsion and bending Name: Hammad Ahmed Email: S00201848@atu.ie

65

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering In addition to carrying out innovative research and development, the IT engineers and researchers of the future must be capable of comprehending social and business trends as well as envisioning products, systems and services and the technologies required to make them a reality.

At the Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, students acquire extensive knowledge and a high degree of expertise in information and communication technology. The department’s philosophy of learning through application equips them with the skills and competencies to become the driving force for innovation and application of information technology that fuels our national economy as well as the ability to meet challenges as they pioneer new areas of information science.

Kevin Peyton

Acting Head of Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering

atu.ie

2023

ATU Sligo Computing and Electronic Engineering Final Year Student Projects

67

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of

Computing & Electronic Engineering

Test Framework for Automotive Lane Keeping Assist Software Luis Peluso

Supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Mahmood Ali

LFPELUSO@gmail.com

ID: S00194878

1. Introduction

3. Results

Performing earlier functional test of software is imperative for automotive companies to achieve acceptable time-to-market with expressive reduction of risks. It is known that presenting validation challenges sooner to software engineers can produce robust solutions that will pose less risk to further phases of the project and, consequently, more safety to the users.

The principle of “Shift left” is the inspiration for this work (Figure 1). The necessity of testing earlier, with the same rigor and as close as possible to the validation phase is a growing demand for the automotive industry in general.

Figure 1 – V-model: Verification and Validation Utilizing real-world units as the error output helps to “translate” the machine vision design environment into a more pragmatic reality, where solutions and scenarios can be mixed up and yield relatable results. This project explore a common test framework for heterogeneous lane detection algorithms.

2. Methodology This Framework is built in LabVIEW in order to facilitate the User Interface aspect of the lane detection task and facilitate visualization of data flow, which enable a targeted debugging environment for the Software Under Test (SUT) (Figure 2).

For all image-sets, individual frames were processed. Both the annotation and SUT processes run in parallel and the error is computed in run-time. Figure 4 brings the SUT process on top row and the annotation pipeline on the bottom – for the annotation, a machine vision algorithm based on Hough transform, needs an extra step for pre-processing the image.

Figure 4 – Test framework pipeline: top SUT and bottom semi-auto annotation.

The Bird’s Eye view is generated so the final image become uniform for measurement. The final error results are given in centimetres and relative to the centre of the road lane. Because image noise and the vehicle vibration, the ground-truth results still have some noise (Figure 5).

The analysis of one of the test cases with the LaneNet SUT yielded some measurement errors: in Figure 6 (frames 35-43) the Figure 5 – Annotation standard deviation Hough transform detected a sudden change of lanes (which is not accurate) and, after the manoeuvre (frames 45 onwards), a bias was measured by the SUT Figure 6 – Final error computation using an ML SUT algorithm erroneously.

4. Conclusion ▪ Two SUTs were evaluated by the framework: computer vision with Hough transform and machine learning with LaneNet.

Figure 2 – Test framework for Lane Keep Assist Software-Under-Test

The framework can invoke functions, classes, and methods of Python scripts and consequently host an algorithm execution, passing parameters in and results out for any dataset given. The framework emulates test protocol from EURO NCAP specifically for Lane support Systems.

▪ Minor adaptations to the original code is needed when used by the framework. Therefore, these modifications would unload the CPU bourdon of image display, debugging, and graph plotting from the core algorithm implementation.

▪ Creating a image-set with calibration information helps to compare results in metric units.

Figure 3- Example of test case from Euro NCAP assessment protocol

▪ The repeatability of scenarios bring confidence in the detection where bias and offset can be detected. For future work, more of EURO NCAP scenarios would be beneficial to be recorded.

Figure 3 shows an example of a test manoeuvre of a lane change scenario. This work recorded, annotated and tested a real-world image-set, complying with EURO NCAP protocol.

▪ The framework can ingest easily other image-sets, although the implementation of the annotation style and accuracy measurements is pending to be developed.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Department of Computing & Electronic Engineering ATU Sligo

atu.ie

ATU.ie

2023

Department of

Electronic Engineering and Computer Science

Improving Lane Detection using Deep Transfer Learning Richard O’Riordan

Saritha Unnikrishnan

s002151111@atu.ie

s00215111

You Only Look Once for Panoptic Driving

Introduction

YOLOP Pre-trained model

solve 3 tasks for self-driving systems and

This research aims to evaluate the current

leverages the related information to build a

state of the art of Autonomous Vehicle (AV)

faster, more accurate solution.

lane detection systems which use computer

vision and deep learning algorithms. The

It is 1 of the 1st end-to-end panoptic vision

study uses a pre-trained YOLOP model [1] and

perception models aimed at self-driving

the models panoptic vision perception system

systems running in real time[2].

performs semantic segmentation to detect drivable area and lane markings on two types •

Shared encoder with three decoder heads

using a custom dataset compiled of roads in

•

Object detection

Co. Cork. By applying transfer learning, the

•

Drivable area segmentation

paper uses a fast, robust lane detection

•

Lane segmentation

algorithm in which the performance can be

•

CSP Darknet backbone

analysed

•

Neck components

and

evaluated

on

accurately

detecting lanes in various road conditions and compared against current benchmarks in lane detection systems

Results:

Fig.1. YOLOP Network architecture

of roads : modern and older infrastructure, in

multiple weather and lighting conditions

Perception, uses a multi-task approach to

•

•

SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling)

•

FPN (Feature Pyramid Network)

Dedicated decoder head for each task

Research Design 1. Dataset Preparation: • Collect custom dataset • Annotate images with lane markings • Split dataset into training, validation, and testing sets 2. Preprocessing: • Resize images and annotations to match HuSTL-V YOLOP input dimensions • Normalize and augment images for better generalization 3. Transfer Learning: • Load HuSTL-V YOLOP pre-trained model • Freeze encoder and backbone layers to retain pre-trained weights

4.

5.

Initial testing Results: Mean Drivable Area IoU: 5.64 Mean Lane Line IoU: 6.49 Stage 2 testing results: Mean Drivable Area IoU: 8.32 Mean Lane Line IoU: 9.37 The Mean DA and Mean IoU (Intersection over Union) achieved during testing are very low with a number of images having 0.0 IoU indicating no match between ground truth annotations and detected drivable lane area and lane markings.

Stage 2 testing results: Mean Drivable Area: 8.91 Mean Lane Line IOU: 9.37

Conclusions:

Mean Drivable Area: 8.91 Fine-tuning: Mean Lane Line IOU: The 9.37 results outputted using transfer • Train model on custom dataset using the remaining unfrozen layers learning are relatively poor which may • Adjust learning rate, batch size, and epochs based on dataset size and indicate poor generalisation to the requirements custom dataset, however it is worth • Monitor performance on validation set to avoid overfitting noting that some of the roads contained little to no visible road Model Evaluation: markings due to aging which may also • Test model on unseen data from custom dataset have affected the results, this requires • Calculate performance metrics further investigation.

• Compare results with state-of-the-art models

Potential next steps:

1. Analyse the dataset.

2. Adjust pre-processing and data augmentation.

3. Fine-tuning and further training.

4. Analyse annotations.

5. Evaluate other models and techniques.

Fig.2. Input: Image from custom dataset

References 1. Wu, D., Liao, M.-W., Zhang, W.-T., Wang, X.-G., Bai, X., Cheng, W.Q., & Liu, W.-Y. (2022). Yolop: You only look once for panoptic driving perception. Machine Intelligence Research, 1-13.

Springer.

2. Sovit Ranjan Rath., YOLOP for panoptic driving perception.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning, Debugger Café.

Faculty Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

69

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Alarm System Name: Miguel Gil Alonso

P. Supervisor: Mary Carden

Email: s0022769@atu.ie

Student ID: S00227697

Introduction: Given the increase in thefts in the last ten years and the high number of

new companies that offer security services, the idea of this project is to create an intrusion detection system that is different from the rest of the market, using hidden systems under the ground, in addition, the owners will have access to the monitoring of the state of the properties through a mobile APP.

Aims of Study:

Design and create an Intruder Alarm System in which security prevails over any other factor, hoping that the intruder or thief does not have the capacity or resources to detect and disable the installed devices. This system complies with Intruder Alarm System (IAS) standards.

Methodology:

• Research:

Investigate the behavior and installation of each of the mechanisms and, in particular, of the two basic components of the project, which are the strain gauges and the Wi-Fi module, generating modifications in the execution of the project.

• Hardware: - Arduino UNO: Controls the system components by running the main program, taking the signals from the sensors and sending the responses to the LCD monitor and the APP mobile via Wi-Fi. ESP8266 Wi-Fi: Establishes communication and transmitting data between mobile APP and microcontroller via Wi-Fi.

-Lcd Monitor with an I2C: I2C has been integrated to simplify the installation and take more free ports in the microcontroller. Show the live values of the measurement sensors.

The application has been developed in MIT App software, establishing serial UART communication between the Arduino and the App. It displays the sensor measurements in realtime, updating every 10 seconds. When the strain gauge detects a value greater than 15kg or the ultrasonic sensor undergoes distance variation for two or more seconds, an alarm signal is triggered in the app.

The alarm will disappear when the Reset button of the application is pressed.

The App:

Prototype: All schematic project has been developed in Proteus and tested with IDE Arduino, as shown in the image below.

- Strain gauges: Four strain gauges have been used to make a Wheatstone bridge and detect intruders by a pressure change on them.

Results: • The developed system performs the task successfully. It is capable of detecting the intruder with one sensor or both simultaneously.

Working in redundancy makes the system more robust and secure.

• Working with Wi-Fi means that you can connect the module almost anywhere due to the large number of existing networks.

• Software and Flow-Chart: - Load Cell Click(HX711): It powers the Wheatstone bridge and amplifies and digitises the signal, which, together with the microcontroller, allows us to know the weight.

Conclusion: • The Wheatstone bridge allows us to measure resistance changes in strain gauges to allow accurate measurement of small resistance changes and to compensate for resistance variations due to temperature.

• I have used ESP8266 to provide Wi-Fi connectivity to the project with Arduino. For the data transmission, for data transmission, a voltage division at 3.3V between Tx from Arduino & Rx Wi-Fi module; if not the Wi-Fi module can burn out.

• It is recommended to use a much more efficient ultrasonic sensor so that the margin of error of 5 cm is reduced to the maximum.

- Ultrasonic Sensor: used to detect a change in measured distance.

Faculty of Engineering Head of Department: Kevin Peyton ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Department Computing and Electronic Engineering

Railway worker Protector Student name: Pat Hedderman

Supervisor name:Mary MaryCarden Carden Supervisor name:

Email: S00207440@atu.ie

Student ID: S00207440 S00207440 Student ID:

Introduction

This project will automate a safety system for use in the railway industry.

When a group is working out on a railway track, they depend on a colleague to watch out and alert them to approaching trains. This automated system improves this safety system by providing backup.

Aim

The aim of this project is to develop an automated device that will detect approaching trains using a vibration sensor in advance of their arrival at a work site. A microcontroller will process the information input from the sensor and output a signal through a serial port to a HC-12 Radio Frequency Transmitter. This will transmit a signal to a paired receiver at the work site. This will cause a second microcontroller to output an alert to the workgroup with an audio and visual alarm prompting them to move to a safe position prior to the train's passing of the work site.

Methodology cont’d Build

To test the functionality of the components and circuitry a prototype was built on a breadboard. This allowed for ease of modifications to hardware and software. When functional testing was complete a PCB layout was designed. The components and circuitry were then built on the PCB. Inputs and outputs were connected to peripheral devices and further functional testing was carried out.

Methodology

Testing

➢ Further testing was carried out on-site in real-life conditions

➢ Results Research

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Online research into railway systems used across several countries How to interphase input sensors and output to peripheral devices via a PIC microcontroller Which computer language to write the software in Most suitable IDE and compiler Most suitable software to use for schematic and PCB design

Planning & Design ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

A schedule was designed using a Gantt chart Suitable hardware components were selected Schematic & PCB were designed & simulated using Proteus software A software flowchart was designed Software programming was written using C language MPLABX IDE and compiler were used to write, test & debug the code

➢ Communication via the HC-12 433MHz RF was achieved over a distance of 500m ➢ Various messages were sent and received depending on the status of the detector site. ➢ Audio and visual alarms were initiated after alarm-triggering messages were received at the work site

Conclusion

➢ This project functioned as it was intended and is therefore a success ➢ This demonstrates how electronics and software programming can be used to improve safety ➢ The HC-12 RF transmitter/receiver is a suitable method of transmitting signals over this distance

Further development

➢ There is potential to develop this project. Initially, the receiver unit can be modified as a portable unit in an armband form ➢ At the moment the train radio system used in Irish Rail for communication between the driver and the signal control person operates on the UHF band. It would be possible to develop the receiver unit to receive a message from the train radio mobile units transmitter, triggering an alarm. This would eliminate the need to attach the transmitter to the rail for each work site

Faculty Faculty of Engineering Head Department Head of of Department Kevin Peyton ATU Sligo Sligo ATU

atu.ie atu.ie

71

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of

Computing and Electronic Engineering

Thermal Camera for 3D Printing

Name: David Keane Email: s00207393@atu.ie Supervisor: Mary Carden Student No: S00207393

INTRODUCTION

AIM OF STUDY

METHODOLOGY

3D printing is being adopted by more and more companies involved in manufacturing each day due to its costeffective process and versatility. A common denominator required for this printing to work is heat. The introduction of heat to this process brings with it a new set of challenges such as providing safety to any persons involved in the process.

The main aim of this project is to provide operators, cleaners, or any persons who might come in contact with a robotic 3D printing cell, a means of safely checking that the cell is safe without putting them in a danger by having to enter the cell.

This will be achieved by communicating to the user, the highest internal temperature of the cell from a safe viewing area outside the cell guarding.

There are three main stages of this project that allow it to work:

HARDWARE For this project, the primary parts that are integral to its operation are: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B – Two of these are used to provide control of the other devices in the project and communication between the controllers.

SOFTWARE The raspberry pi allows the use of multiple programming languages but for ease of use, versatility and abundance of resources available for the different components, Python is the main language that was chosen for this project. On the Raspberry Pis, programs have been imported and functions created to control the following aspects of the project: • Control of the thermal cameras, to establish communication with them and read live data as required.

• Control of the TOF camera, establishing communication and acquiring live distance data.

• HMI control through the display monitor including a heat map and key information about the cell.

• GPIO control and control of indicators.

Supplementary software used includes: • I2C communication • TCP/IP communication • KRL (KUKA Robot Language) • EthernetKRL

MLX90640 Thermal Camera – This infrared camera is used to gather temperature data from inside the cell.

ArduCam Time of Flight (TOF) Camera – This camera is required to obtain a distance to the heat source that will be used to calculate the temperature at the source.

WIMAXIT Raspberry Pi 7” Monitor – This monitor provides the primary method of HMI between the sensor system and the user.

Additionally, a collection of minor parts have been used for mechanical protection, efficiency of use and aesthetic appeal. They are as follows: • Two 3D printed cases • Extra connecting cables and wires • Power supplies for Raspberry Pis • Two USB type A bulkhead connectors • Raspberry Pi IO terminal breakout

1. Obtain raw data from sensors and use this to adapt the robots position to place the highest temperature point in the cell in the centre of the field of view of the sensor system.

This is done by changing the angle of the sensor system until both thermal cameras read the same temperature from the source.

2. Using the distance to the heat source obtained by the TOF camera, the device will calculate the temperature at the source inside the cell. Rigorous testing was carried out to create a function that will produce an accurate temperature relative to the distance it was obtained from.

3. The newly obtained data is then transmitted to the other Raspberry Pi, connected to the display monitor, safely outside the cell.

4. Key information will then be displayed to the user through the HMI regarding the current highest temperature in the cell and whether entry to the cell is safe.

RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, I was able to produce a device capable of accurately measuring temperatures during a 3D printing process and relaying this information to the user safely. Although the project performed well and met expectations for a reasonable price of approximately £200 improvements could certainly be made. If this project was to be turned into a viable market product, resources and time would be required to bring the device up to safety standard requirements and be able to market it as such.

Faculty: Faculty of Engineering Head of Department: Kevin Peyton ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering

Putting It Straight (A Levelling Device)

Supervisor name: Mary Carden Student ID: S00214845

Contact Information Kieran Keenan, Garrison, Co. Fermanagh Tel No:00447895650916 Email: S00214845@atu.ie

Introduction:

Arduino IDE

This project aims to create a system that will • The code from this project was written in Arduino IDE code. determine if an object is straight or not on a wall for • The accelerometer is connected to the Analog pins in the example a picture in an art gallery. It will determine Arduino Uno and were set as inputs. if the object is in a straight inline or not. There will • The three LEDs and the buzzer were set as Outputs. be 1 AZ Delivery GY521 MPU 6050.

The Accelerometer and Gyroscope measures angular data, X,Y and Z axis and both will have two red LEDs, 1 green LED will be connected to emulate if the angle is more than 0 degrees and have a max The only main component I used for the Arduino IDE software for limit of +90, while the other red led will come on if my code. I have installed my software diagram down below. the object is above 0 degrees in negative figures I HAVE and also have a max limit of -90 degrees. The will then sound from a buzzer to alert the user however if the object isn’t measuring 0 degrees, however, it will display a green led to alert the user if the object is measuring 0 degrees.

Student name: Kieran Keenan S00214845@atu.ie

Project Build: • • •

The Accelerometer, buzzer, led’s were sourced online.

The Arduino Uno I had already from previous year’s lectures.

The enclosure was sourced also online.

3 Axis and Gyroscope sensor

Software:

The 9 Volt battery connector.

This device will also be portable, small in size, and lightweight and while having accurate measurement results.

Research: Most smartphones/tablets come with many standard programs/apps, but not all come with an app that can measure whether an object is level or not. Apple products such as iPhones & iPads come standard with an app called measure, allowing users to use the device as a spirit level or a tape measure by using augmented reality (AR) technology. You can gauge the size of objects, automatically detect the dimensions of rectangular objects, and save a photo of the measurement. However, on some android devices, the user must download a measuring app which may take up too much memory on their device, by developing this project, it will mean that any person will not need any smartphone/tablet device to operate or use this levelling device.

The KY012 Speaker/Buzzer Module

The Finished item complete with all components

Results:

Design/Planning: Selecting the appropriate hardware.

• Develop schematics, PCB layout, and a software flowchart.

• Development of an efficient software code.

Method: 1 AZ Delivery GY521 MPU6050 Accelerometer and Gyroscope measuring angular data from x Axis, it will have two red LEDs connected to emulate if not straight. If the object isn’t straight then it will light a red led which depends on if it’s minus or plus 0°, it will then sound from a buzzer to alert the user however if the object is straight, it will display a green led to alert the user.

Conclusion: Overall I am happy with my project, it was inexpensive to manufacture with the end cost totalling £50.84 or €57.66. During the project, I use the skills I learned from the ATU and especially Mobile Apps programming as I learned how to program using the Arduino IDE software.

I have tested the project and the results were When I held the breadboard with the sensor measuring between 0° and 1 ° which is displayed on the serial monitor at the Xaxis tab then the Green LED which indicates the sensor is level which is the result I want to achieve.

If I tilted the sensor clockwise and the degrees reading was outside the level tolerance as above then the positive red led did light up and the buzzer did sound which is correct.

Likewise, if I tilted the senor anticlockwise, the other Negative led will light up.

For the two red led’s I have the tolerances set up as follows, Negative Led -1 ° to -90 ° Positive Led +1 ° to +90 °

Future Improvements:

For future improvements, I would like to install an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and output the results from the x-axis displayed on the screen.

I would program the code to generate the code from the Y-axis and output the results and be able to have an led on from resulting both from the X and Y axis measuring angular degrees between 0 and 1 to record them as been level.

Faculty Head of Department Kevin Peyton

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

73

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of

Computing and Electronic Engineering

Greenhouse Climate Control System Stephen Keyes

Mary Carden

S00220124@atu.ie

S00220124

INTRODUCTION

• The carbon footprint and environmental impacts of crops imported from tropical climates are a growing concern for environmental sustainability.

The main barriers to growing crops domestically is the lack of daylight for half the year and the cold climate.

• A potential solution to this is to use greenhouses to grow crops not normally suited to the Irish climate, this would enable crops not normally suited to the Irish climate to be grown locally rather than be dependent on imports that have a high carbon footprint and are increasing in cost.

AIMS

• The aim of this project is to build an automated climate control system for a greenhouse.

• The system will focus on light level and temperature as the key factors needed to be controlled.

• The system will monitor environmental conditions for a greenhouse and provide an automated response to changes in environmental conditions to maintain an ideal environment for the growth of the plants.

METHODOLOGY

• The core of the system is an Arduino Uno controller.

• Monitoring of environmental light levels was achieved using an analog LDR light sensor, based on the measured light intensity. An array of LED lights can be automatically enabled via the SPI interface.

• A Temperature sensor is connected to the Arduino via its I2C interface. Based on the detected temperature levels a cooling fan or a heating element can activated to either heat or cool the system, additionally, status LEDs are used to indicate if either output is currently active.

SYSTEM HARDWARE INPUTS

OUTPUTS

CONTROLLER

5V Cooling Fan

Adafruit AHT20 Temperature – I2C Communication

5V PTC Heater

Arduino Uno Rev 3 Controller

Analog LDR Light sensor

Fan and Heater Indication LEDs

Adafruit TLC5947 SPI-Controlled LED Array

RESULTS

• The System is successfully able to automatically enable the appropriate output in response to environmental conditions: artificial lighting in response to low light levels; heating in response to low temperatures; and a cooling fan in response to high temperatures.

CONCLUSIONS

• It is possible to automate a greenhouse climate control system with components readily available.

• While the system developed for this project is small, it highlights the potential automated system can have, The use of I2C and SPI communication gives the system the capability to be scaled up.

• If I had more time to develop the project, I would have included a Bluetooth communication system to provide updates to a mobile device and allow for data logging of system behaviour.

Faculty of Engineering Head of Department Kevin Peyton ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

ATU SLIGO

Gas Leakage Detection System using PIC micro-Controller and MQ series Sensor

Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering

Student Name: Riby Varghese

Supervisor Name: Mary Carden

Email: S00220145@atu.ie

Student ID: S00220145

Introduction The project aim is to detect the gas leakage from our home gas appliances and get a notification by buzzer and SMS to our phone number. Also, switch ON the exhaust fan.

This project uses an MQ2 sensor to detect the combustible gas and it interfaces with the PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller read the values from the output of the sensor and if the value is above a certain threshold level the system will generate an audible alert using a buzzer and display the concentration of gas leaked using the LCD and activate a relay to control the external devices like exhaust fan and gas supply valve. Also, send a notification SMS to the user/authorities’ phone.

Aim of Study Apply the knowledge I learned from the course in the practical field, especially the PIC microcontroller interfacing with other devices like LCD, Relay, Buzzer, and serial communication with GSM module.

Methodology /Approach

Flowchart/Algorithm

Hardware Components

Schematic Diagram

❑ Microcontroller – PIC16F877A ❑ Gas Sensor – MQ2 ❑ LCD – JHD 162A ❑ GSM module – SIMCOM A7670C ❑ Relay – 5V single channel MQ2 sensor is used to detect butane, LPG, methane, and smoke.

Ethical Consideration Considering the ethical value, this project will ensure cost-effectiveness and less power consumption in design and implementation. Also, this project will guarantee the safety and welfare of the public and environment by early detection of gas leakage.

Software used MPLAD IDE

Xc8 Compiler

Proteus

Result

Build & Testing The program is written in MPLAB IDE and burned to a PIC microcontroller using pickit3 and the components are placed on a breadboard and connected them using connecting wire as per the schematic diagram.

Pickit3

When the gas leaks, the controller gives a notification through Buzzer Activation, Relay Activation, LCD, and SMS through the mobile network using a GSM module

After testing on a breadboard, components were soldered to PCB and applied the gas to the sensor from the cigarette lighter. The sensor is connected as an input to the microcontroller and the ADC value is higher than the threshold the controller outputs activate. And LCD will display the Alert message & PPM value of the gas leak.

Conclusion We can change the sensor with other series MQ sensors for detecting the various type of gases. To display the PPM Value needed a small modification in the program. Early gas leak detection will help to save human life, property, and the environment.

Faculty: Faculty of Engineering Head of Department: Kevin Peyton

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

75

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

My Smart Garden - Automated growing pot Student: Stefan Zakutansky

Supervisor: Mary Carden

Email: S00207426@atu.ie

Student ID: S00207426

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Faculty - Faculty of Engineering Head of Department - Kevin Peyton

ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Department of

Electronic Engineering Introduction

This project was created to review the potential for facial recognition in a security system using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Two different systems were created for comparison. One employs the Haar Cascade classifier for face detection and Local Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH) face recognizer for facial recognition, the other utilizes the Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) for face detection and InceptionResnetV1 with the VGGFace2 pre-trained model for facial recognition. For the security aspect of the project, if a recognized face, which is defined by a set threshold, is detected it will open a symbolic door, if an unknown face is detected it will keep the door closed and send an email to the owner containing a photo of the unknown face.

Facial Recognition Security System Using Convolutional Neural Network Student name: Brian Troy

Supervisor name: Sean Mullery

Email: S00219528@atu.ie

Student ID: S00219528

Results

In the charts below we see the results over 150 second window. As expected, the model using the MTCNN faired much better than the model using Haar Cascade for the application of a security camera. The Haar Cascade model never got over 60% match to photos in dataset. For accuracy, the MTCNN had a higher detection rate, where false detections can lead to unauthorized access and deny access to legitimate users. The MTCNN was more robust also which lead to fewer false negatives and positives in varying light and when face angle and expression varied. It also had better detection of multiple faces which would be advantageous in a busy environment.

Conclusion

As the number of images in the dataset increased the training time and model accuracy increased. At the end of the experiment despite the MTCNN being a betterperforming model in most metrics, there were some important trade-offs discovered. The Haar Cascade model was generally faster, making it more suitable for real-time applications, and also uses less computational resources, so would be more likely to run on an embedded system where power and memory may be limited.

The deep learning approach of the MTCNN is far more complex and required more time to train a new face, so maybe less favourable to use in the real world.

Considering the accuracy, robustness, and additional facial landmarks provided by MTCNN, it is a better choice for a door-opening security system. However, if speed and computational resources are significant concerns, Haar Cascade can be a suitable alternative, provided that you are willing to accept some trade-offs in accuracy and robustness.

Raspberry Pi 3B Trained without hat/glasses

Post training with hat/glasses

Methodology

Using Jupyter Notebook on a laptop and on a Raspberry Pi, the Python code was inputted and executed. The internal webcam with 720p resolution and an external 1080p webcam was used to compare.

For data collection, 200 photos of users were taken with faces in various orientations, various lighting conditions, and backgrounds to create the dataset.

For the Open-cv model trained with a Haar Cascade classifier on the pre-processed dataset. The classifier was trained to detect frontal faces with various scaling factors and neighbor thresholds to optimize detection performance. The trained Haar Cascade classifier was used to detect faces in input images. Detected faces were then matched against a database of enrolled faces using template matching or eigenfaces technique.

Access was granted if a match was found; otherwise, it was denied.

Dataset to be trained on

Training code in Python

Haar Cascade model with Open-CV

MTCNN model with Pytorch

The MTCNN model from the facenet-pytorch library for face detection was used to detect and extract faces from input images, ensuring accurate localization and alignment. Utilizing the pre-trained InceptionResnetV1 model from the facenet-pytorch library for facial feature extraction. The features were then matched against a database of enrolled faces using a cosine similarity metric. If the similarity score exceeded a predefined threshold, access was granted; otherwise, it was denied.

Faculty Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

77

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Sensorless Face Recognition Attendance System Chaofan Wang

Fabian Connolly

S00202672@atu.ie

S00202672

Introduction As video surveillance is rapidly gaining popularity, many video surveillance applications urgently need a longdistance, user-uncooperative, and fast identification technology to quickly confirm the identity of people from a distance and to achieve intelligent check-in.

Aim This project is based on deep learning multi-scale face extraction and recognition technology, through which the face recognition system can capture and store face images, automatically sense people entering the recognition range, and trigger the system to work. The system supports dynamic face capture, capturing face images of people walking normally without the need for them to stop or make specified movements. The system supports the capture of multiple faces at the same time and can complete the comparison of face images from the camera with the face image library in a short period of time for time clocking or passing. Administrators can also log in to the system to check personnel sign-in and control face information intelligently.

Methodology Data acquisition: Face images are captured by the camera. A dataset is constructed, and data pre-processing, such as noise removal, resizing, and orientation is performed.

Face detection: Using the Retinaface face detection algorithm, the captured face images are detected and face regions are extracted. The detected face images are also aligned. The effects of the pose, lighting, and other factors are eliminated.

Feature extraction: Using the Facenet face feature extraction algorithm, feature points or feature vectors are extracted from the face image.

Model training: Using the PyTorch framework, the Retinaface and Facenet models are built and trained. The Retinaface model first needs to be trained in order to detect and extract face regions from the input image. The face regions detected by Retinaface are then used to train the Facenet model to extract face features and train for classification or regression tasks.

System integration: The trained model is integrated into the attendance system and connected to the camera, database, etc. to achieve the face recognition attendance function.

Results Attendance recording: When a face image is input, the system will perform face recognition on it and compare the recognition result with the employee information in the database, if the match is successful, the employee's attendance information will be recorded.

Conclusions and Future Perspective

The system supports multiple face detection at the same time, personnel does not need to do any action, they just need to pass by the camera area to complete the attendance clocking.

Administrators can log in to the back office system to check in, add and delete face information, and view the monitoring screen in real time.

The final results show that the system has a low recognition rate and false recognition rate, which meets the requirements of practical applications. And the system can accurately identify employees and record attendance information in real time, realizing sensorless attendance and improving management efficiency.

The development direction of future sensorless face recognition attendance system may include 1. Multimodal recognition technology: Integrating multiple biometric recognition technologies such as voice recognition, body temperature detection and electrocardiogram to achieve comprehensive attendance supervision.

2. AI intelligent analysis: Combining artificial intelligence technology, through big data analysis and deep learning, it helps enterprises to better manage employee attendance data and improve employee performance and enterprise efficiency.

Contact details Email : S00202672@atu.ie

Kevin Peyton Head of Department ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Department of

Computing & Electronic Engineering Introduction

With the development of information technology, cars are becoming more intelligent and automated, and autonomous driving technology has become a new hotspot for scientific and technological research worldwide.

This project realizes a smart car that can detect lane lines a n d s t o p w h e n a ‘STOP' sign is recognised.

The Smart Car: Detecting Lane Lines and Stop Signs Student Name: Jiamin Yuan

Supervisor: Fabian Connolly

Email: yyuuanm@outlook.com

Student Number: S00202751

Methodology Continued Recognition of ‘STOP’ Signs

This was replaced by another approach, the Haar cascade classifier. It works in a similar way to a regular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a feature map.

It is high efficiency and can be performed quickly for realt i m e o b j e c t r e c o g n i t i o n .

Load Model

Results

Start the car and it will automatically start moving forward.

At the same time, the camera starts to fetch images and the Raspberry Pi streams the images captured by camera to the server, which receives the video and starts to detect lane lines and stop signs. When the trolley detects a 'stop' sign while moving forward, it sends a stop signal to the Raspberry Pi and the trolley executes the stop procedure.

Model Training

Start

Run

‘STOP’ Signs Detection

Stop Signs Detection NO

Lane Detection

‘STOP’ Signs Recognition

If ‘STOP’ sign

Methodology

YES

Stop

The hardware in the project uses a Raspberry Pi (4B) based smart car which is made by SunFounder. The car carries a camera which is used to capture live footage. The Raspberry Pi acts as a server to transmit the images captured by the camera. The project focuses on how to detect lane lines and recognise ‘STOP’ signs.

Methodology Continued Lane Detection:

Lane line detection is a fundamental module in autonomous driving and is almost impossible to achieve based on traditional image processing methods, so I use Ulrta-Fast-Lane-Detection - which defines lane line detection as finding the set of lane lines at certain row positions in an image, that is based on position selection in the row direction, and classification (row-based classification). Although the detection is more effective, there are problems that cannot be solved .

Because of the large calculation involved in classifying each p i x e l p o i n t i n a n i ma g e , the result is a slower pace.

Conclusions and Future Perspective

The project is at Level 1 -Driver Assistance (SAE Levels of Driving Automation), which realises the recognition of lane lines and road signs. It has the potential for practical use, but it also has limitations. These include, for example, slow processing speeds, lagging due to video frame build up, lack of pixilation in the images acquired by the camera, and the recognition of a single road sign.

Based on these drawbacks and shortcomings, I will continue my research in the future from the following p o i n t s :

Replace with better camera facilities.

Update the code to make the acquisition smoother.

Increase the number of road signs identified.

And others …

Methodology

Contact details

The most advanced detection model available, yolov5, was chosen at the beginning. However, it was noted that the amount of computation required to use the model was too large for the Raspberry Pi's calculation power to achieve.

Name: Jiamin Yuan Email: yyuuanm@outlook.com s00202751@atu.ie

Faculty Kevin Peyton

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

79

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Smart Environmental Housekeeper Kaixiang Jin

Supervisor name

S00202665@atu.ie

S00202665

Introduction

Step and Results

My project is "Smart Environmental Housekeeper", which combines face recognition technology and garbage sorting technology to intelligently identify and sort garbage.

The purpose of this project is to monitor and manage garbage sorting through face recognition and unlocking.

Through the supervision and management of users' garbage sorting behavior, it can promote the popularity and implementation of garbage sorting, improve public awareness and environmental protection actions and achieve the goal of environmental protection and sustainable development.

Place your face in front of the camera and wait for recognition.

The screen shows successful recognition.

Garbage recognition unlock.

Place garbage in front of the camera and wait for recognition.

Successful recognition, screen output of

Methodology Waste classification identification Garbage sorting recognition is implemented using the YOLOv5 model. I generate the model file by training with PyTorch, write the code in Python and call the YOLOv5 model on the Raspberry Pi for garbage classification recognition. Then, the YOLOv5 model is used to detect and return the garbage category and location information.

Finally, the corresponding text descriptions are displayed on the screen according to the detected garbage categories.

Face recognition unlocking Face recognition unlocking is implemented through Baidu Smart Cloud API. I write code in Python to call the API interface on Raspberry Pi to implement the face recognition function. By using the face detection interface of Baidu Smart Cloud API, the face in the video stream is detected and the face location information is returned.

Then use the face recognition interface to recognize the detected faces. If the recognition is successful, it is unlocked; if the recognition fails, it cannot be unlocked.

Project Flow Chart

garbage type.

Placing and identifying garbage in open areas.

The garbage has been successfully identified,

and

the

type

of

garbage is marked on the top left.

Conclusions and Future Perspective When using the Raspberry Pi for face recognition unlocking and garbage sorting, we found the project to be highly practical and feasible. I proved that the system can be unlocked securely by face recognition and also can effectively identify the type of garbage.

Therefore, the project can provide a practical solution

for communities or schools that can improve security and environmental awareness.

The project can be further improved and extended in the future by: 1. More types of garbage sorting can be recognized.

2. Using more advanced face recognition technology to improve the accuracy and speed of unlocking.

3. Integrating the system with the cloud for data storage and sharing.

Contact details

email:S00202665@atu.ie

Faculty Head of Department

ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Name: Domantas Sutkus - S00217418 Email: S00217418@atu.ie

Project Supervisor: Saritha Unnikrishnan

Methodology

Results

•

Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) Calculation:

Accuracy & Performance under different lighting Conditions:

•

Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR) Calculation:

Introduction Driver fatigue is a growing concern that is directly related to disastrous effects in modern society.

The efficacy of this project lies in developing a local real-time driver drowsiness detection system using machine learning algorithms providing an effective safety measure for many night shift workers, commercial drivers driving for a living, people with sleep disorders and anyone behind the wheel.

Aim of Study

• Face and facial landmark detection using OpenCV’s HAAR Cascades and Dlib library.

The primary objective of this project is to provide some insight into the skills and knowledge I have acquired during my studies at Atlantic Technological University, Sligo.

Specifically, this project highlights the ability to conduct thorough research, utilize Python programming to develop code and comprehend the functionality of microprocessors.

EAR & MAR values at open and closed states.

Plot Graph Representation with highlighted threshold values for each algorithm used.

•

Active computation of EAR & MAR:

Hardware The main hardware components used in this project are the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and the Raspberry Pi HQ Camera using a 6mm 3MP wide-angle lens. The Pi comes equipped with a 1.5GHz 64-bit quad-core CPU and 2GB LPDDR4 SDRAM.

• Flow diagram of system functionality:

Run time and frame count Information provided to an external document post run time of the system.

Conclusion • Successfully developed a drowsiness detection system on a Raspberry Pi using machine learning techniques.

• The system produces a visual alarm if the user’s eyes are closed for too long or the user yawns too much, helping to prevent accidents due to drowsiness while driving or operating heavy machinery.

• With further development and refinement, the system has the potential to be used in a variety of settings to help keep people alert and focused on the task at hand.

• The development of the system was guided by a commitment to responsible use of the technology, taking into account ethical considerations such as the privacy and security of user data.

BEng (Honours) in Computer & Electronic Engineering

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

81

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Smart ELA

Electrical Logical Automaton

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY & APPROACH

Diesel engines are currently one of the highest contributors to worldwide air pollution. Temperature control systems, use diesel engines and electric motors to compress the gas refrigerant.

Problem Statement The initial idea was driven by the need to simulate combinations of environmental conditions quickly and efficiently.

As the firmware, application software, and hardware continuously evolves, its validation practices on the existing systems contribute to world-wide pollution.

Smart-ELA removes these pollution contributors by a rapid simulation of any element and component absent from the overall system.

Research sequence 1. Began with mapping out the absent elements and researching their integration and interaction with the simulator.

2. Data acquisition from various areas of the existing system and study of their behaviour.

3. Collected data were used as guidance to research and study areas

High-Level Map SIMULATOR PCB

Object and Zone SELECTOR

Object and Zone INDICATOR

LIGS 240V AC Single-Phase Supply

CORTEX-M 12V AC/ DC

12V-to-5V DCDC

5V-to-XV DCDC

2X CAN CIRCUIT RINGS

240V AC Neutral

Human Machine Interface

Earth 12VDC

PCB SIGNAL ACTUATORS:

GND 12V 5VDC 5V GND 5VDC

PCB SIGNAL LISTENERS:

5V GND CAN_1

SERIAL CIRCUIT BLOCK

CAN_2

Design progress 1. Proof of concept (Linux-based, RPI compatible)

Requirements 1. Intuitive human interface with ease of scripting assembly 2. Effective Inter-Process-Communication protocols, and automated services between the simulator and the AI. 3. Client-Server medium 4. Precise instrumentation 5. Correct operation in absence of the engine, ECU, and other key components.

2. Design to Requirements

3. Prototyping + Test

GENERAL

4. PCB Final Design

RESULTS 1. Simulated Components Engine Control Unit

ST Solenoids + Sensors

Power Distribution Module

Expansion Module

MT Solenoids + Sensors

Zone 3 Evaps

COMPRESSOR

ENGINE

3. Hardware Enclosure

Zone 2 Evaps

PULLEY RATIO

HIGH VOLTAGE TRAY

3 phase supply 50-60 Hz Undefined Phase Rotation

48VDC _ _ _

PM (5kW)

DCDC CONVERTER

ACTIVE RECTIFIER

Belt

8-POLE Electric Motor

Host Evaps

12VDC _ _ _

BATTERY

WORK IN PROGRES

2. PCB Board design

Easy to operate GUI + Dual Memory (June 2023)

4. Existing Control Modules Distributed Control Module 2

Distributed Control Module 1 HMI

Automated Services, AI and External GUI External GUI Automated Services, AI and (Estimated delivery in September 2023) Requests

Replies & Broadcasts

Integrated AI & ML

Front-end program Start-Up

Human Machine Interface

Back-end support

AI & ML SERVICES Invocation Event: Init + EXE

CAN Client-Server

CAN IPC

Initializer J-Frame

Embedded System

Serial Client-Server

Invocation Event: Init + EXE

Serial – USART IPC

Initializer J-Frame Invocation Event: Init only then Garbage collected

Hard Memory Pop Up J-Dialog

Invocation Event: Init + EXE

Initializer J-Frame

atu.ie

Dependencies Test

References: [1] Digital Twin Technology Helping Organization Reach Sustainability Goals, Online: https://www.itprotoday.com/artificial-intelligence/digital-twin-technology-helping-organizations-reachsustainability-goals

Jozef Vykukal joeyvykukal@gmail.com 087-987-8825

2023

Electronic and Computer Engineering

Introduction My project is an intelligent item access system. In the present，more and more people want to free their hands, this system allows you to access things anytime, anywhere.This system runs on a small car, and the following introduction will replace the system with a small car. This system consists of many cars. You can search for a car near you in the city and use face recognition to store your items. The car will gather them in one place, and when you need it, Then you are looking for another car.it will go and bring the item to you.My project is to complete one small car in the system. The following is a detailed introduction to the function of a small car.

Intelligent item access system Supervisor:Fabian Connolly

Shihao Cheng

s00202690@atu.ie

S00202690

Conclusions and Results

First, use the 18650 battery to power the car and Raspberry Pi, and then use the driver to use the Raspberry Pi to drive the motor of the car. Then link the camera to the Raspberry Pi. According to the visual following system, the car will follow. If the face recognition is successful, the control interface will be displayed, and the user can choose the function in the interface. If the recognition fails, another interface will appear, which will teach users how to use and create an account.

Face recognition module Face recognition can quickly identify the input face. Due to the running memory problem of Raspberry Pi, the number of camera frames per second is too small, resulting in jams. And in the test, it was found that the success rate of face recognition for Europeans is higher than that of Asians.

Trail track

step

The car can follow the movement of the object, and I will make it into a followup movement, so that the two Track functions of tracing and obstacle For the tracing of avoidance can be the car, I used two realized at the same ways of tracing, time, which can be using two infrared better used in the sensors to identify actual situation and the black line. If the safer and more black line cannot be reliable. Later, some detected on the left functions such as side, control the car automatic driving to turn right. If no may be added, so black line is that the storage detected on the system can be better right side, control used. the car to turn left.

In this way, you can control the car to trace, and there is no need for complicated logic.

The user performs face recognition,If the recognition is successful, the left page will appear for selection. If the identification fails, the right page will appear to select.

RECOGNITION SUCCESSFUL

RECOGNITION UNSUCCESSFUL

Link OK

Link OK

You can choose the functions in the system.

For example, you can choose to let the car follow you, so that you can free your hands. You can also let the car be sent back to the storage area, and then face recognition again to take out the items.

You can click the corresponding buttons separately to solve the problem you want to understand, and we will introduce our system and how to use it in video. You can also inquire about the contact information to make valuable suggestions You can also play a beautiful piece of music.

There are more functions under development.

Methodology This project is based on Raspberry Pi embedded system.I used SUNFOUNDER Raspberry pi car-v of hardware. First of all, I use face recognition to identify the user, and then send the saved items to a fixed place for unified storage. When picking up items, the same method is used, and the advanced pedestrian face recognition is carried out. In the face recognition module, I using dlib's state-ofthe-art face recognition built with deep learning.It identifies the three parts of the eye, nose and mouth to determine the face. In the car running module, first, I used computer vision to follow the items.

Second, I used IR sensors for line tracking. In addition, I also added music players and videos to explain how to use them. And I have added a control interface to my system, and users can choose to use the function.

If you choose to listen to music, you will get a music player that can play and pause.

Music player I made a simple music player that can play a piece of music, and Operation box you can control pause and play.

I made an operation box, which can help users choose the functions they want, and is more conducive for users to use the whole system.

contact details NAME : Shihao Cheng EMAL: s00202690@atu.ie

Kevin Peyton Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

83

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Francis Rouse Level 8 Electronic & Computer Engineering Atlantic Technological University Sligo rouse.francis@yahoo.com 0851595543

Electrocardiogram (ECG) with Raspberry Pi Introduction The purpose of this project is to build an Electrocardiogram system using a Raspberry Pi computer connected to sensors that can be attached to a person’s skin and record the electrical rhythm of the persons heart and display the reading to the user or store the readings on the device for examination from a medical professional, this will allow a person to perform a reading without travelling and saves the expense of a consultation with a doctor unless necessary

Methodology The ECG in my project uses a singleͲlead system, a singleͲlead system uses three electrodes attached to the users body (left arm, right arm and right leg).

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Ͳ American Heart Association

These leads are connected to an ECG signal condi-

atu.ie

Be processed by the Raspberry Pi 4. The Raspberry Pi displays the readings to the user and can store previous readings for further examination. The purpose of this project is to raise awareness of cardiovascular diseases, such devices as an ECG can provide an potentially Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Ͳ ZDNet earlier diagnosis and possible prevention of such conditions and can be preformed from home and to be more cost effective solution than to other devices on the market.

Conclusion This Project has provided me with an opportunity to demonstrate my technical skills and abilities that I have learned at Atlantic Technological University Sligo.

It encompasses aspects from modules that I have studied. It has provided me an opportunity to research into cardiology and to raise more awareness about cardiovascular disease which is the leading causes of death in Ireland.

2023

Comput i ng & El ec t r oni c

Smart Trash Bin Zheling Wang

Supervisor: Fabian Connolly

S00202774@atu.ie

S00202774

Introduction Sorting trash is boring work for everyone, but it's still necessary to do to protect the environment. This project aims to solve this problem, by modifying the trash can in your daily life, it can sort the garbage automatically. You can simply put the trash in front of the camera, and it can recognize the type of trash, and send the trash to where it should stay.

The aim of this project is to help everyone to sort their garbage more effectively, and it also can help to build a greener planet, with proper trash sorting, most trash will not just go to waste but have better usage.

Methodology In this project, after the research progress of the system, the core part of the system is the recognition process of the video captured by the camera. Therefore, proper use of an effective image recognition model is the most important problem that needs to solve.

The Object Detection Model for trash classification In this project, we consider using the state-of-the-art image recognition model YOLO-V4, in real-time video recognition, it can respond fast, and make this project possible. The image shown below is an example of the trash detection progress and a result.

Results After developing the project, a concept was developed for this trash bin project. It contain the following parts which shown below.

It comprised of the following steps using this smart trash bin system The user will put the trash in front of the camera, and wait for the recognize. The screen will inform the user what should they do.

When recognition is completed, the system will tell the user to put the trash, and the user can put more trash or just leave.

Conclusions and Future Perspective

The System Overview This system will stream the video to the server, which is capable to run the model faster, and the server will return the recognized result, and this will only happen when something moves to the front of the camera. A step motor will tilt the board inside of the trash bin, and when the trash fell off, it will fall into the correct type of trash bin.

There‘s also a screen that can tell the user what type of trash is in front of the camera, and when should they put the trash in the trash bin. The pictures below illustrate how this process works.

This project provides an effective solution for trash classification and sorting problems. It's cheap and easy to implement in the real environment. Considering the limit of the system, like the network problem, and limitation in kind of the trash it can recognize, then the following future perspective is: Use light weight model which can running in local.

Expand the dataset to more type of trash Add the ability to deal with hazardous waste And More…

Contact details Email : S00202774@atu.ie

Kevin Peyton Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

85

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Level 6, 7 and 8 Computing Programmes The Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering offers a range of computing programmes at level 6, 7 and 8.

The following is the list of programmes within the department: • BSc in Computing in Software Development • BSc in Computing in Computer Networks & Cloud Infrastructure • BSc in Computing in Computer Networks & Cyber Security • BSc in Computing • BSc in Computing in Games Development • BSc in Computing in App Design & UX • Higher Diploma in Computing (conversion course) – Online • Level 8 Certificate in Computer Networks & Cloud Infrastructure - Online • MSc Computing in Data Science – Online Many of the programmes have a number of external certifications including CISCO and AWS. The department prides itself on our high level of engagement with industry for programme development and work placement. All our undergraduate programmes include a minimum 12-week work placement element, a recent innovation that has enabled closer ties with potential employers. An approach currently used is for the employer to provide a real-world problem from their sector for students to work on during their year-long project. These students are then considered for work placement at the company where they continue the project. The students are then returned to complete their Level 8 before entering a graduate internship with the company.

Our courses are continually being updated. Recent additions include Cyber Security, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, Virtualisation and Cloud Computing. Our engagement with industry through work placement and research projects helps align our content with the current needs of employers in our region ensuring we maximise employment opportunities for our graduates.

atu.ie

Our programmes all share a common first year and students are permitted to change stream at the end of first year. The first-year intake is between 75-115 students each year.

The following table shows the expected graduates on each of the programmes in 2023.

BSc in Computing in Software Development (level 7 & 8)

45

BSc in Computing in Computer Networks & Cloud Infrastructure (level 7 & 8)

20

BSc (Hons) in Computing (General)

11

BSc in Computing in Games Development level 7

9

BSc in Computing in App Design & UX level 8

12

Higher Diploma in Computing

20

Level 8 Certificate in Computer Networks & Cloud Infrastructure level 8 18

15

MSc in Computing Data Science

5

Total Graduates 2023 (Estimated)

137

2023

Project Overview The goal of this project was to produce a body of work whereby the concept of not just umbrella, but rather object rental using the methodologies we’ve adopted, could be fully realised.

From the very conception of the project, we developed a strong vision of the key components this system would use, and all further design, development and implementation centred around these key components.

Team Broll-E Chikwado Ugonwa

S

Rudgery De Souza Patrik Strasak

The Team

Steven Kelly

Figure 1 | Rough Initial concept sketch of the system components.

Technologies

System Architecture The entire system comprises of 3 key components: • • •

The Kiosk: This is an Arduino powered digital kiosk with web connectivity containing available umbrellas.

The App: This android app allows users to locate, view and rent umbrellas on demand.

The Database: Both the Kiosks and the app read and write to and from a google Firestore NoSQL database via Firebase. This provides a flexible, language-agnostic and easy to implement API for CRUD functionality in both.

• •

• • Figure 4 | Architecture overview.

Arduino – The Arduino uno uses an Arduino sketch which include the MFRC522 library to communicate with the RC522 RFID module.

Python – The Kiosk software is written in python. It uses the PySerial library to communicate with the Arduino over serial. It also uses the Firebase and Firestore libraries in order to communicate with the database and services on Firebase.

Android Studio – The Mobile application was developed in Android studio using Java and uses the Firebase SDK. Google Firebase – All data is written to and read from Google’s Firestore via Firebase.

•

Learning Outcomes •

•

•

•

Code Collaboration: o The team gained real life experience of using the git flow pattern of development on a shared repository.

Communication: o The project was a prime opportunity for the team to focus on and improve its communication and soft skills by collaborating and working within a shared codebase.

New Technologies: o Many of the libraries and technologies in this project were relatively new to the team at the beginning and so, we learned to work with these concurrently with development.

Agile: o The project allowed the team to gain practical working knowledge of agile methodologies as taught in our Software project management module.

Figure 3 | Picture of kiosk RFID detector.

Future •

•

•

•

•

3D printed modular Kiosk Design: o We would like to have an original modular Kiosk design printed and with hardware installed.

Improved Kiosk Interface: o We would like to have a touchscreen and publicly usable interface to allow both customers and agents to interact with the kiosks.

Improved Integration of services: o In a future revision of the app, we would like to have greater integration of services such as payment and google analytics.

Better integration between Kiosk and App: o Currently the kiosk and the app both communicate with the same Firestore database independently. In future product revisions, we would like to have greater integration between the two components to improve the range of features and interactivity. improved payment plans and premium features: o A greater refinement of payment plans, more premium umbrella options and services would be a nice addition to our product.

Figure 2 | Screenshots of the Broll-E Android app.

BROLL-E is part of a third-year student project at ATU, Sligo. All rights reserved.

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Martian Hunter Project Overview

Main Features fast movement semi- open world hordes of enemies objective system

Martian Hunter is a First-Person Shooter with horde style "bullet hell" game play that takes inspiration from early FPS titles like Doom and newer titles like the Left 4 Dead series

Architecture The game was built in unreal and assets created in blender when everything was complete it was sent off to GitHub

Learning Outcomes

The team improved on soft skills such as communication and teamwork The team learned new technologies e.g. Blender

Technologies employed

Future Work

Original character animations that are fully functional .

Expand the game by adding more levels Add more weapons

Team Member's

Timothy Ronquillo - Game Development (Year 3) Martynas Ramonas - Game Development (Year 3) Casey McLoughlin - Game Development (Year 3)

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What is Odyssey?

Odyssey is a platform where a user can pick the best emulators to play their game of choice. The main focus of Odyssey, is old games that usually for a player to play these games would run into many issues and difficulties.

In our Website you can see details about the games we have and rate them.

While, in our Desktop app you can use the app to download the best emulator and play your favorite game.

Titles we Support HALO 3

THE WARRIORS SKATE 3

GTA IV N.F.S MOSTWANTED

T.H UNDERGROUND HALO C.E

R.D REDEMPTION

+ more!

Emulators we support

atu.ie

About the Team

The team is a dedicated group of individuals who share a common interest in the world of video games.

Their passion for gaming is evident in the amount of time and effort they dedicate for the project.

2023

Chor♩analyze

Project 300 KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

• /Ŷ WƌŽũĞĐƚ ϯϬϬ͕ ƚŚĞ Ăŝŵ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŵŽďŝůĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞ ĐŚŽƌĚƐ ƉůĂLJĞĚ ďLJ Ă ŐŝǀĞŶ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ĐŽŵŵĞŶĐĞĚ ďLJ ďƌĂŝŶƐƚŽƌŵŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ • ĨƚĞƌ ĐĂƌĞĨƵů ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĂƚŝďůĞ ǁŝƚŚ ďŽƚŚ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ĂŶĚ /K^ ĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͘ ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ^ƚƵĚŝŽ ĂŶĚ ŽƉƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞ ƉƌŽĨŝĐŝĞŶĐLJ ŝŶ &ůƵƚƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ Ăƌƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘

DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

• dŚĞ ĂŐŝůĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ƉƌŝŽƌ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚ ŝƚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ • tĞĞŬůLJ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ŵĞĞƚŝŶŐƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ĨŽƌƚŚĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƚĂƐŬƐ͘ • dƌĞůůŽ ǁĂƐ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƚŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐ ǁŽƌŬ ŝƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ƚĂƐŬƐ͘

dŚĞ dĞĂŵ

• :ŽŶĂƚŚĂŶ ƵƚůĞƌ – ^ϬϬϭϵϵϬϴϬ – ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ • :ĂŵĞƐ ƌĞĂŵĞƌ – ^ϬϬϭϵϵϬϳϰ – ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ • ĂŶŝĞů ^ƚĂŶŝƐůĂǁƐŬŝ – ^ϬϬϮϬϵϲϯϭ – ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ • ŝĂƌĂŶ DƵůůŝŐĂŶ – ^ϬϬϮϬϬϭϯϯ – ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ

• &ůƵƚƚĞƌ ǁĂƐ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ;/ Ϳ ŽĨ ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ĐƌŽƐƐͲƉůĂƚĨŽƌŵ ŵŽďŝůĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĐŽŵƉĂƚŝďůĞ ǁŝƚŚ ďŽƚŚ /K^ ĂŶĚ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ • 'ŝǀĞŶ ƚŚĂƚ &ůƵƚƚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJƐ Ăƌƚ ĂƐ ŝƚƐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵŝŶŐ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ƵƚŝůŝnjĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ &ŝƌĞďĂƐĞ ǁĂƐ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŽƌLJ ĨŽƌ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ůŽŐŝŶ ĐƌĞĚĞŶƚŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ͘ • /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƚŝŽŶ͕ 'ŝƚ,Ƶď ǁĂƐ ƵƚŝůŝnjĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂƚĨŽƌŵ ĨŽƌ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘

&ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ

• dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ Ă ƐŝŐŶͲŝŶ ƉĂŐĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ &ŝƌĞďĂƐĞ ƚŽ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƚŽƌĞ ƵƐĞƌƐΖ ůŽŐŝŶ ĐƌĞĚĞŶƚŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ͘ KŶĐĞ ƐŝŐŶĞĚ ŝŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ƉĂŐĞ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƉůĂLJŝŶŐ ĐŚŽƌĚƐ ƉůĂLJĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞĂůͲƚŝŵĞ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ Ă ƚƵƚŽƌŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŝƉƐ ƉĂŐĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ǀŝĚĞŽ ƚƵƚŽƌŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞď ƉĂŐĞƐ͘ ĚĚŝƚŝŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ Ă ƐĞƚƚŝŶŐƐ ƉĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ Ă ƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƐ ƉĂŐĞ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂLJŝŶŐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ĂƵĚŝŽ ĨŝůĞƐ͘

ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ

dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ĐĂƚĞƌ ƚŽ ďŽƚŚ ŶŽǀŝĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĂƐŽŶĞĚ ŵƵƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĂǀĞŶƵĞ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵƵƐŝĐĂů ƐŬŝůůƐ͘ hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŽ ůŝƐƚĞŶ ƚŽ ĂƵĚŝŽ ƉůĂLJďĂĐŬ͕ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨLJ ĐŚŽƌĚƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ƉůĂLJĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ Ă ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŵƵƐŝĐͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ǀŝĚĞŽ ƚƵƚŽƌŝĂůƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŝŶ ŽŶĞ ůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

dh ^ůŝŐŽ

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ŽŵƉƵƚŝŶŐ Θ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

WŽƚŝŽŶ ^ĐŚŽŽů͗ ǀŝƌƚƵĂů ƌĞĂůŝƚLJ ŐĂŵĞ͘ LJ DĂƌĐ DĐ ĂďĞ͕ <ĞůĂŶ ƌŽŶŶŽůůLJ͕ :ĂĐŬ >ĂŝƌĚ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ ĚƌŝĂŶ ƵƌĐĂŶ

ƐϬϬϮϭϰϭϬϮΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ͕ ƐϬϬϮϭϭϲϵϵΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ͕ ƐϬϬϮϭϯϬϴϵΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ƐϬϬϮϭϰϭϬϮ͕ ƐϬϬϮϭϭϲϵϵ͕ ƐϬϬϮϭϯϬϴϵ

ϭ͘ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

ϯ͘ WƌĞͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

ϰ͘ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

dŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ǀŝƌƚƵĂů ƌĞĂůŝƚLJ ŐĂŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůůŽǁƐ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂLJĞƌ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƉŽƚŝŽŶƐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƚŝŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ,ĂƌƌLJ WŽƚƚĞƌ ĨŝůŵƐ ĂŶĚ ďŽŽŬƐ͘

^ƚŽƌLJďŽĂƌĚŝŶŐ ǁĂƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞͲ play. This informed the game’s narrative and ƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘

dŚŝƐ ƉŚĂƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ǀŝƐƵĂů ĞĨĨĞĐƚƐ͕ ŶĞǁ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŶĚĞƌŝŶŐ͘

ĂĐŚ ǁĞĞŬ͕ ǁĞ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ Ă ƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚ ŐŽĂů ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞĞŬ ďLJ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ƚĂƐŬƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ dƌĞůůŽ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĞĚ ƵƐ ŝŶ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬůŽĂĚ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂLJŝŶŐ ŵŽƚŝǀĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƚĂƐŬƐ ŽŶ ƚŝŵĞ͘

dŚĞ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ƉƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞ ǁĂƐ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƵƐĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ůĞĚ ƚŽ ŝƚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ enhanced the game’s narrative and ŐĂŵĞƉůĂLJ͘

Ϯ͘ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Ŷ ĂŐŝůĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ǁĂƐ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ͕ furthered by Devin Pickell’s ϳ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ŐĂŵĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ͘ Ɛ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ Žŵŝƚ ůĂƵŶĐŚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƚͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƚĂƐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽĐƵƐƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ • • • • •

WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘ WƌĞͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘ dĞƐƚŝŶŐ͘ WƌĞͲůĂƵŶĐŚ͘

/ŶŝƚŝĂůůLJ ŵĂŶLJ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŵĂĚĞ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ĂƐ ůŽǁ &W^ ĐĂŶ ĐĂƵƐĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ŝŶ sZ͘ DĂŶLJ ǀŝƐƵĂů ĞĨĨĞĐƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂĚĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞƉůĂLJ ĨĞĞů ŵŽƌĞ ĂůŝǀĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂLJĞƌ͘ dŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƉƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞ ŐĂŵĞƉůĂLJ͕ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ĂĚĚĞĚ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŐƵŝĚĞ ďŽŽŬ͕ ŐĂǀĞ Ă ĚĞĞƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞƉůĂLJ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŝŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ĂůůŽǁĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͘

dŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ƐŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ǁĂƐ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ͘ dŚĞƌĞĂĨƚĞƌ͕ Ă ůŽǁ ĨŝĚĞůŝƚLJ ƉƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞ ǁĂƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀĞ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞ ǁĂƐ ƵƐĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ƉůĞĂƐƵƌĂďůĞ͘ LJ ƚĞƐƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ŝŶŝƚŝĂů ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝƚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ŶĞdžƚ ƉƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞ͘

ϱ͘ &ŝŶĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚ dĞƐƚŝŶŐ KƵƌ ůĂƐƚ ƌŽƵŶĚ ŽĨ ƚĞƐƚŝŶŐ ǁĂƐ ƐĞƚ ŝŶ ǀŝƌƚƵĂů ƌĞĂůŝƚLJ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂůůŽǁĞĚ ƵƐ ƚŽ ŝƚĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŝŶĂů ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ sZ ƵƐĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƚĞƐƚŝŶŐ͘

ϲ͘ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ Ŷ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚĞĂŵǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ tĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞƌ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ /Ŷ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƚŝŵĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ǁĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŶŽƚ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ĞǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐ͕ ǁĞ ƐĞƚ ŽƵƚ ƚŽ ĚŽ͕ ǁĞ ĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚ ŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƵƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƌĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ǁĞ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ŐĂŵĞ͘

ϳ͘ &ƵƚƵƌĞ tŽƌŬ /Ŷ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ůĂƵŶĐŚ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ ǁĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂůƉŚĂͬďĞƚĂ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞƐ͕ ŵĂƌŬĞƚŝŶŐ ŚLJƉĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀĞƌƚŝƐŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĂƵĚŝŽ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ǁŝůů ĂůƐŽ ďĞ Ă ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ ŝŶ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ǁŽƌŬƐ͘

,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ &ĂĐƵůƚLJ͗ hŶĂ WĂƌƐŽŶƐ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ͗ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

93

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

RekogLock

Our Goal The goal for this project was to allow for physical security within an institution utilizing modern technologies to log and monitor users entering a secure room

Meet the team: Craig Lawson – Computing (Networking) Jack McElroy – Computing (Networking) Gatis Berzins – Computing (Networking) Sean Dowdall – Computing (Software)

About us: We are a group of 4 programmers who decided that security within the college could use a more secure and administratively friendly locking mechanism with a large amount of scalability.

Craig Lawson, Jack McElroy,

Supervisor: Kevin Peyton

Sean Dowdall, Gatis Berzins

PRJ300

Project Overview Angular Website The aim of our project is to allow for secure access to certain rooms with sensitive data that can be accessed via an authorised Angular website.

Research: For the research of this project we analysed many different types of security systems and wondered what could be made with more modern and secure technologies Technologies used: • Angular • Amazon Web Services -DynamoDB -Rekognition -S3 bucket -Lambda • Raspberry Pi

The Angular website allows authenticated users to securely login and view data logged by the Pi after taking a photo. The data is displayed in a table that can be filtered What can be viewed on the site: • Date • Student Number • Full Name • Time • Match percentage (of face) • Room (Location) • IP and Mac Address • Pass/Fail

The website will also allow you to initialize users for the lock

How It Works Step 1: Press button Step 2: LCD informs you that Pi is taking photo Step 3: Face is analysed and result is displayed on the LCD Step 4: Door is unlocked for 5 seconds and image is sent to database Step 5: Result is logged on authenticated website which dynamically displays attempts

Faculty Head of Department ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Tic-Tac-Toe Clock Machine Radio Clintano Perrins

Daniel Kovzan

Ian Flannery

James Mc Daid

S00209545@ATU.ie

S00212883@ATU.ie

S00209155@ATU.ie

S00200889@ATU.ie

Supervisor Shane Gilroy

Technologies Employed

Project Overview The Tic-Tac-Toe Clock Machine Radio otherwise known as TTTCMR is a revolutionary multipurpose device with features such as, play Tic-TacToe against AI or another individual, play your favourite music and acts as a niche binary clock.

Architecture Main Features  Fully functional GUI.  Music played from an SD card.  Binary Clock with a time zone function.  Easy, Medium and Hard AI for Tic-Tac-Toe  Settings menu for visual primary and secondary colour customization  3D printed black case with lid for easy access to internals.

Future Work  Integration of the Spotify API  Physical and software implementation of a Radio module while continuing to allow cohesion with the MP3 player.  Increase the variety of games by adding Minesweeper and Connect 4.  Replace the existing time zone method with a library to allow functionality in any time zone.

Learning Outcomes  Additional experience with

 Improvement upon

using the Arduino IDE along

communication and planning

with C and C++

skills.

 Self-Teaching and Research Experience

 Exposed to new technologies and software e.g. Fritzing

Conclusion The TTTCMR is a niche product with features such as a binary clock, mp3 player with speakers and an LCD touch screen originally conceptualized in 2021 but has now been brought to reality from the effort put in by all four of us.

ATU.ie

95

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of

Computing & Electronic Engineering Project Overview

Meet the Team Members: o Emmet Carroll – Game Development o Tommy McKee – Game Development About us: We are two Games Development students whose first year of study at IT Sligo was all online. We didn’t have the opportunity to attend the campus for an open day or class until our second year. We have developed this application to aid future students that may not be able to attend a physical open day.

Technologies Used

The aim of the UniVRsity project was to develop a scalable virtual open day for the ATU Sligo Campus. The virtual campus will consist of faithful recreations of key areas of the ATU Sligo Campus for the user to explore. This is built in the Unity Game Engine with models being built in Blender.

Core Business Idea The core business idea of the project is a marketable Virtual Open Day Currently, ATU Sligo offers a Virtual tour in the form of 360˚ cameras. We have repurposed these cameras in UniVRsity so the user can directly compare the virtual campus to the real one. The use of Playfab means that the UniVRsity administrators cant get information on the users that register such as last login, registration date and county signed in from.

Software used: o Unity o Visual Studio 2022 o Blender o Audacity o Playfab o GIMP o Trello o Microsoft Teams o Github o Google Drive o Discord

Future work If we were to continue to develop UniVRsity into the future there are a few features that we would implement. Seeing as it’s a scalable project, we could easily add more areas or even different college or university campuses. We would also add: • Artificial Intelligence • Chat Bot features • Multiplayer • Interactable Props • Downloadable PDFs • Reward for all collectables

Conclusion If we were to continue to develop UniVRsity into the future there are a few features that we would implement. Seeing as it’s a scalable project, we could easily add more areas or even different college or university campuses. We would also add: • Artificial Intelligence • Chat Bot features • Multiplayer • Interactable Props • Downloadable PDFs • Reward for all collectables

Faculty Head of Department

ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

W &>ĂďĞůůĞƌ / >ĂďĞůĞƌWƌŽ

ŽŵƉƵƚŝŶŐ Θ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

dŝƚůĞƐ ;,ĂůLJĂƌĚ ŝƐƉůĂLJ DĞĚŝƵŵ ^ŝnjĞ ϯϲƉƚͿ >ŝŐŚƚ ůƵĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůŽƵƌ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ͗ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ŶĞĞĚ ĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞ ǁĂLJƐ ƚŽ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚ͕ ĂŶĚ • ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ŶĞĞĚ ĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞ ǁĂLJƐ ƚŽ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝnjĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝnjĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŶŽƌŵŽƵƐ ǀŽůƵŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŶŽƌŵŽƵƐ ǀŽůƵŵĞ ŽĨ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞLJ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ͘ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ͘

dŚĞ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ƌĞŵĞĚLJ ŝƐ Ă • dŚĞ ƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ Ă ƚŽŽů ŵĂĚĞ ƚŽ ĐƵƚƚŝŶŐͲĞĚŐĞ ƚŽŽů ŵĂĚĞ ƚŽ ƐƉĞĞĚ ƵƉ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ŚĂŶĚůĞ ŵŽƌĞ ǀŽůƵŵĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĞĚ ƵƉ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶ͘ tŝƚŚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ / ƚŚĞ ƚŽŽů ǁŝůů ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͕ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŽ ďĞ ƉƵůůĞĚ ŽƵƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌůLJ ĨŽƌ W & ĨŝůĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ǁĂLJ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů

dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͗ ƵƐĞƌƐ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚ͕ ĂŶĚ

• dŚĞ ƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ƚĂŬĞƐ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƵƐĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů njƵƌĞ DĂĐŚŝŶĞ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ / ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƌĞǀŽůƵƚŝŽŶŝnjĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽŽůΖƐ dLJƉĞƐĐƌŝƉƚ ĂŶĚ Ă &ƌŽŶƚ ŶĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐƵƚƚŝŶŐͲĞĚŐĞ ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ ƌĞĂĐƚ

ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĂŵůĞƐƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚŝĞƐ͘

/ůůŝĂ ^ŚĂŬŝŶ

sŝǀŝŽŶ <ŝŶƐĞůůĂ

^ϬϬϭϴϴϯϳϮΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ϬϬϭϴϴϯϳϮ

DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ͗ • ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŽĨ / >ĂďĞůĞƌWƌŽ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ Ă ƐƚĂŐŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ǁĞƌĞ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƐƉůŝƚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚĂƐŬƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƉĚĨ ƌĞŶĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŵŽƌĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ dĞdžƚ Žƌ /ŵĂŐĞ ƌĞĂ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚ ǁĞĞŬůLJ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞLJ ǁĞƌĞ ŽŶ ƚƌĂĐŬ dĞdžƚ ĐĂŶ ǀĂƌLJ ŝŶ ƐŝnjĞ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ŽŶ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ

tŽƌŬĨůŽǁ͗

ZĞŵŽǀĞ ƉŝŶŬ ďŽdž • dŚĞ / >ĂďĞůĞƌWƌŽ ĂůůŽǁƐ Ă ƵƐĞƌ ƚŽ ƵƉůŽĂĚ W & ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞŶ ǁŝůů ƌĞŶĚĞƌ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽŽů ĂŶĚ ďĞ ĚŝƐƉůĂLJĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĐƌĞĞŶ͘

• &ƌŽŵ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĐƌĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ ĐĂŶ ĚƌĂǁ ďŽdžĞƐ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŚĞLJ ǁĂŶƚ ƚŽ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ W & ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ůĂďĞůůĞĚ ĞŐ͘ ĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ Žƌ dŽƚĂůƐ

• dŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ĂůůŽǁƐ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ ƚŽ ƐĞůĞĐƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ ƚŽ dĞdžƚ Žƌ /ŵĂŐĞ ƌĞĂ ĞĚŝƚ ƚŚĞ ďŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ďŽdžĞƐ͕ Ă ƵƐĞ ĐĂƐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ ǁĂŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĂĚĚ Žƌ ƌĞŵŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ďĞŝŶŐ dĞdžƚ ĐĂŶ ǀĂƌLJ ŝŶ ƐŝnjĞ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚ͘ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ŽŶ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ

• &ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ƐƚĞƉƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞŵŽǀĞ ƉŝŶŬ ďŽdž ƵƐĞƌ ĐĂŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŵŽĚĞů ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŶ ƚŚŝƐ ŵŽĚĞů ǁŝůů ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĨŝĞůĚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵŽĚĞů ǁĂƐ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ŽŶ͘

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ >ŽŐŽƐ

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ >ŽŐŽƐ

^ƚĞƉ ϭ

^ƚĞƉ Ϯ

^ƚĞƉ ϯ

^ƚĞƉ ϰ

hƉůŽĂĚ W & ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ

>ĂďĞů ƚŚĞ ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ

dƌĂŝŶ ƚŚĞ DŽĚĞů

hƐĞ DŽĚĞů ƚŽ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƚ ĚĂƚĂ

/ŵĂŐĞ ƌĞĂ Žƌ dĞdžƚ ůů ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ >ŽŐŽƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƐƵƉƉůŝĞĚ ĂƐ ,ŝŐŚ ZĞƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ϯϬϬĚƉŝ Dz< :W 'Ɛ

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ &ĂĐƵůƚLJ͗ hŶĂ WĂƌƐŽŶƐ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ͗ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ dh ^ůŝŐŽ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

97

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

College System Bashar ALHatmi

Supervisor: Una LEstrange

S00201189@atu.ie

S00201189

Problem:

Back-End:

Solution:

Front-End:

• The college system for tracking student marks and attendance has multiple issues.

• Teachers are required to enter marks twice for each student, and sometimes the system fails to save the marks correctly.

• The system's complicated design has resulted in complaints from teachers.

• Build a web application that will record student marks and attendance. Also, one more page for parents to track their child behavior.

Features:

• Teacher able to record student marks and attendance.

• Parents able to see their child behavior.

• Admin able to register users.

• Head of department able to view students marks and attendance.

• Students able to see their mark exams.

• I have chosen to use Express js as back-end • Express.js is a popular and efficient choice for back-end development • Express.js is a fast, flexible, and minimalist web framework for Node.js • Express.js is ideal for building backend applications.

• I have chosen to use Angular as FrontEnd. • The front-end of a web app displays information and handles user interactions.

• The front-end is responsible for creating the user interface.

• Angular is a popular and powerful choice for front-end development.

• Angular is a JavaScript framework for building dynamic, interactive web applications.

• Angular provides a comprehensive set of features for creating complex, highperformance web applications.

Database:

• I have chosen to use Mongo DB as my database.

• MongoDB is a popular and efficient choice for databases when using Angular and Express.js.

• MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database designed for scalability and performance.

• MongoDB stores data in a flexible, JSON-like format that is easy to work with and integrate with web apps.

Future Work:

• The website should be optimized for mobile devices to allow users to access it on-the-go.

• Up-to-date academic calendars, course schedules, and announcements about important events and deadlines.

• Incorporate social media features to encourage engagement and interaction among users. For example, a direct chat between the teachers and parents.

Technologies and Architecture

Computing Head of Department John Kelleher ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Computing & Electronic Engineering

1. Overview

The aim of this project was to develop a car companion application for young drivers to improve their fuel economy and have a better understanding of how to better maintain their car.

OBD-II provides diagnostics on different readings including RPM, Speed, and Fuel levels from the car’s computer. These diagnostics can be requested and have values returned using an OBD-II scanner.

This application combines insights built from the car’s computer and a place to record and keep track of maintenance on their car.

• Drivers can view live data being read in through Bluetooth from their car into their phone.

• Drivers can view graphs and dynamic advice about their driving habits based on different readings • Drivers can view insights about their fuel economy • Drivers can record and view past maintenance jobs on their car

DrivePal Mark Curran

Supervisor: Una L’Estrange

S00199895@atu.ie

S00199895

3. Research

I bought a scanner to interface with my car’s OBD port. I then built test applications to understand how to interpret the data being read in from the scanner.

5. Development

It was necessary to use external libraries for both the OBD II interface and the charting aspect of the application.

Having researched the libraries and making demos of each of their functionalities, I was able to implement more functionality such as fault codes from the car, and time intervals for the charts.

4. Architecture

I decided on Google Firebase Firestore for my backend, so that maintenance recorded could be stored on the cloud and read back down to the user’s phone.

The main application was developed in Java in the Android Studio IDE. A Bluetooth service connects the application to the scanner so that readings can be requested.

2. Planning

This project was developed using agile development methodologies. Each week, new functionality would be implemented by prioritising user stories. Using GitHub for source control, I was able to implement semantic versioning for better project management.

Screenshots of the application

6. User Experience

I followed UX principles for the application’s development. I mapped out the application’s interface using wireframes, I then applied the UX principles of perceivability and performed usability tests.

7. Testing

Once the application had its functionality working, unit tests could be carried out to perform final tweaks to the interface and edge cases for the business logic.

8. Conclusions

Through careful planning and adopting the agile development framework, I was able to fulfil the user stories that I had set out initially that were feasible.

It was a very interesting experience to try to work with hardware, a car in this case, as opposed to a traditional software stack.

The biggest takeaway from this project is that strong planning and iterations of that plan can lead to greatly enhanced productivity for such a project.

9. Future Development

For the deployment of the project, application to the Google Play Store is required as well as architecting the product for authentication

Head of Faculty: Una Parsons Head of Department : John Kelleher

atu.ie

99

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ƐƉŽƌƚŝĨLJ >ƵŝŐŝ &ĞƌŶĂŶĚĞnj

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ Žůŵ ĂǀĞLJ

ƐϬϬϭϴϴϱϲϯΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ƐϬϬϭϴϴϱϲϯ

KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ͗

&ƌŽŶƚͲ ŶĚ͗

dĞĐŚͲ^ƚĂĐŬ͗

• dŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ŐŽĂů ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ŽĨ ŽƚĂ ĞƐƉŽƌƚƐ͘ • /ƚ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ĂƐƉŝƌŝŶŐ ƵƉĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ ďLJ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐͬƐĐŽƵƚƐ͘ • /ƚ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐƵĂů ƉůĂLJĞƌ ŽŶůLJ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŶĞǁ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƉůĂLJ ǁŝƚŚ͘ • EĞĞĚ ŶĞǁ Ă ďŽůĚ LJŽƵŶŐ ƉůĂLJĞƌ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ŶĞǁ ŝĚĞĂƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ Žƌ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ƉůĂLJĞƌ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ͍ hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŶŐ ƉůĂLJĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚĞĂŵ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ͘ • hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŵĂŬĞ ƌĞǀŝĞǁƐ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐ͘ • hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ĞĂĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀŝƚĞ ĞĂĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚĞĂŵ͘ • hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞ ƚĞĂŵ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ͘ • hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŬĞĞƉ ƚƌĂĐŬ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉĞĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉŽƐƚƐ

dŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƚͲĞŶĚ ƵƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ :ĂǀĂ^ĐƌŝƉƚ ůŝďƌĂƌLJ ZĞĂĐƚ ĨŽƌ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƵƐĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƵƐĞƐ ZĞĂĐƚ ŽŶƚĞdžƚ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŐůŽďĂů ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚ ďLJ ĂŶLJ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ͘ &Žƌ ĂƐƐĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŝĐŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƵƐĞƐ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůͲh/͕ Ă ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ůŝďƌĂƌLJ ŽĨ ZĞĂĐƚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽůůŽǁƐ ƚŚĞ DĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĞƐŝŐŶ ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďLJ 'ŽŽŐůĞ͘

dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ D ZE ƐƚĂĐŬ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐ ŽĨ DŽŶŐŽ ͕ džƉƌĞƐƐ:^͕ ZĞĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ EŽĚĞ:^ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĚĞƉůŽLJĞĚ ŽŶ t^ ǀŝĂ ĚŽĐŬĞƌ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌƐ͘

ĂĐŬͲ ŶĚ͗ dŚĞ ďĂĐŬͲĞŶĚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƵƐĞƐ EŽĚĞ͘ũƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ džƉƌĞƐƐ:^͘ EŽĚĞ͘ũƐ ŵĂŬĞƐ ŝƚ ĞĂƐLJ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ƐĐĂůĂďůĞ͕ ŚŝŐŚͲ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ :ĂǀĂ^ĐƌŝƉƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƌǀĞƌ ƐŝĚĞ͘ džƉƌĞƐƐ:^ ŝƐ Ă ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ŽƉĞŶͲƐŽƵƌĐĞ ǁĞď ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ EŽĚĞ͘ũƐ͘ /ƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ƐĞƚ ŽĨ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŝŵƉůŝĨLJ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ǁĞď ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ W/Ɛ ƵƐŝŶŐ EŽĚĞ͘ũƐ͘

&ƵƚƵƌĞ &ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͗ • /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞŵĂŝů ŶŽƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ • ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽďŝůĞ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ͘ • /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ >ŝŐŚƚ DŽĚĞ ƚŚĞŵĞ͘ • ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŵƵůƚŝƉůĞ Ͳ^ƉŽƌƚƐ ŐĂŵĞƐ͘

/ŵĂŐĞ ƌĞĂ Žƌ dĞdžƚ ůů ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ >ŽŐŽƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƐƵƉƉůŝĞĚ ĂƐ ,ŝŐŚ ZĞƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ϯϬϬĚƉŝ Dz< :W 'Ɛ

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ dh ^ůŝŐŽ

atu.ie

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

&Ăƌŵ&ŝŶĚĞƌ͗ >ŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ >ŽĐĂƚŽƌ ƉƉ

KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ͗

&Ăƌŵ&ŝŶĚĞƌ ŝƐ Ă ŶĂƚŝǀĞ ĂŶĚƌŽŝĚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ƋƵŝĐŬůLJ ƚŽ ĞƐĐĂƉĞĚ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ͘ • hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ Ă ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞLJ ĨŝŶĚ ĂŶ ĞƐĐĂƉĞĚ ĂŶŝŵĂů͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŝƚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝƚƐ ůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘

• &ĂƌŵĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŵĂƌŬ ŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨŝĞůĚƐ ŽŶ Ă ŵĂƉ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŶŽƚŝĨŝĞĚ ŽĨ ĂŶLJ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƌŬĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ • &ĂƌŵĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ǀŝĞǁ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŝŐƵƌĞ ŽƵƚ ŝĨ ƚŚĞLJ ŽǁŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĂŶŝŵĂů͘ /Ĩ ƐŽ͕ ƚŚĞLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĂĐƚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ͘

:ĂŵĞƐ ĂƌďĞƌƌLJ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ hŶĂ L’Estrange

ƐϬϬϭϵϳϱϴϮΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ϬϬϭϵϳϱϴϮ

ĂĐŬͲĞŶĚ

• dŚĞ ďĂĐŬͲĞŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐ ŽĨ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů t^ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ Ă Z ^d W/͕ >ĂŵďĚĂ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ ŽŐŶŝƚŽ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ^ϯ ďƵĐŬĞƚ ƚŽ ƐƚŽƌĞ ůĂƌŐĞƌ ĨŝůĞƐ͘ • dŚĞ ďĂĐŬͲĞŶĚ ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ Ă DŽŶŐŽ ƚůĂƐ ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ŚŽƐƚĞĚ ŽŶ t^ ĂƐ ǁĞůů͘ ZĞĂĚ ĂŶĚ ǁƌŝƚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĚŽŶĞ ƵƐŝŶŐ ůĂŵďĚĂ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ • dŚĞ dŽŵdŽŵ W/ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ŐĞŽůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĚŝƐƉůĂLJŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƉ ƐĐƌĞĞŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƵƐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĚƌĂǁ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽŶ ŝƚ͘ ZĞƉŽƌƚ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞůŝĞƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ dŽŵdŽŵ W/ ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝƐƚ ŽĨ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ Ă ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ŝƐ ŵĂĚĞ͘

&ƌŽŶƚͲĞŶĚ

Ɛ / ŚĂĚ ƐŽŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ ŵŽďŝůĞ ĂƉƉƐ ďĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ;ƵƐŝŶŐ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ƐƚƵĚŝŽͿ / ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ Ă ŶĂƚŝǀĞ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ĂƉƉ͕ ƵƐŝŶŐ :ĂǀĂ ĂŶĚ yD> ƚŽ ĚŝƐƉůĂLJ ƚŚĞ h/ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ďĂĐŬͲĞŶĚ ůŽƵĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ Ă Z ^d W/ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ t^ W/ 'ĂƚĞǁĂLJ͘

&ƵƚƵƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ͗ • tĞď ĨŽƌƵŵ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůůŽǁƐ ƵƐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ǀŝĞǁ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ͘ • EĂƚŝǀĞ /K^ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ͘ • ůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƵƐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƚĂŐ ĞĂĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ŝƚ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞƐĐĂƉĞĚ ĂŶŝŵĂů

ƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ 'ĞŽĨĞŶĐĞƐ ƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ Θ ZĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ZĞƉŽƌƚƐ͗ hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŵĂƌŬ ŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ůĂŶĚ ďLJ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ĂŶ ĂƌĞĂ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƉ ƐĐƌĞĞŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĂǀŝŶŐ ŝƚ ĂƐ Ă ŶĞǁ ŐĞŽĨĞŶĐĞ͘​͘ dŚŝƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƐĂǀĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ users’ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůů ƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƵƐĞƌ͕ ƵŶƚŝů ƚŚĞ ĨĞŶĐĞ ŝƐ ƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘

hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ƌĞƉŽƌƚ Ăƚ ĂŶLJ ƚŝŵĞ ďLJ ƉƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ н ďƵƚƚŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŚŽŵĞ ƉĂŐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ ĐĂŶ ƚŚĞŶ Ĩŝůů ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ďŝƚƐ ŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ďƵƚ ŵƵƐƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ Ă ƐŚŽƌƚ ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŶŝŵĂů ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ŝƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ŵĂĚĞ ĨƌŽŵ͘ ;dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƚŝĐĂůůLJ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ users’ ĚĞǀŝĐĞͿ hƐĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚŝĨŝĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ Ă ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ŝƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ϱŬŵ ŽĨ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŐĞŽĨĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůů ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ŐŝǀĞŶ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ĐƌĞĂƚŽƌ͘ dŚĞLJ ĐĂŶ ƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŶŝŵĂů ďĞůŽŶŐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͘

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ dh ^ůŝŐŽ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

101

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ŽŵƉƵƚŝŶŐ Θ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

&ŝƚƐƵŵ͗ ŽŵƉůĞƚĞ &ŝƚŶĞƐƐ ƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ LJ ĂƌƚůŽŵŝĞũ ^ĂũĚŽŬ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ hŶĂ L’Estrange

^ϬϬϭϵϲϴϵϱΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ϬϬϭϵϲϴϵϱ

ϭ͘ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

ϯ͘ ĞƐŝŐŶ

ϰ͘ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

dŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ĨŝƚŶĞƐƐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚLJ ŽĨ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ Ă ŚĞĂůƚŚŝĞƌ ůŝĨĞƐƚLJůĞ͘ dŚŽƐĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ /ŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ Ͳ ŽƵŶƚ LJŽƵƌ ƐƚĞƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞƐ ďƵƌŶĞĚ͘ Ͳ hƐĞ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ƚŽ ƚƌĂĐŬ LJŽƵƌ ƌƵŶƐ͘ Ͳ ĐĐĞƐƐ ĨŝƚŶĞƐƐ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ŵƵƐĐůĞƐ͘ Ͳ dƌĂĐŬ LJŽƵƌ ůŝƋƵŝĚ ŝŶƚĂŬĞ͘

dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƐƚŽƌĞƐ ĚĂƚĂ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐůŽƵĚ͘ &ŝƌĞďĂƐĞ ǁĂƐ ĐŚŽƐĞŶ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ĐŽŵƉĂƚŝďŝůŝƚLJ ǁŝƚŚ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ^ƚƵĚŝŽ ĂŶĚ <ŽƚůŝŶ͘ ĞůŽǁ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ĚŝĂŐƌĂŵ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŝƚŝĂů ĐůŽƵĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͘

ƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ƉŚĂƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ͘ hƐĞƌ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƚŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂůůŽǁƐ ĞĂĐŚ ƵƐĞƌ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ŝƚ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ

Ϯ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Ͳ ĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ďĞŐĂŶ͕ ŵĂŶLJ ĐŽŵƉĞƚŝƚŽƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚ͘ Ͳ DĂŶLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŚĂĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ůŽĐŬĞĚ ďĞŚŝŶĚ ƉĂLJǁĂůů ǁŚŝůĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶĐŽŶǀĞŶŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĂĚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƐƉƌĞĂĚ ŽƵƚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵƵůƚŝƉůĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ

^ƚĞƉ ĂŶĚ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ďŽƚŚ ƐƚŽƌĞĚ ŽŶ &ŝƌĞƐƚŽƌĞ͘ dŚĞ ^ƚĞƉ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ďƵŝůĚ ŝŶ ƐƚĞƉ ƐĞŶƐŽƌ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ ŽĨ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ƐŵĂƌƚƉŚŽŶĞƐ͘ ŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĞƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞƐ ďƵƌŶĞĚ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ĚŝƐƉůĂLJĞĚ ŽŶ Ă ŐƌĂƉŚ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ DW ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ŚĂƌƚ ůŝďƌĂƌLJ͘

ĞĨŽƌĞ ƐƚĂƌƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐĐƌĞĞŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ŝŶ ŶĚƌŽŝĚ ^ƚƵĚŝŽ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŝƚŝĂů ǁŝƌĞĨƌĂŵĞƐ͘ Ɛ ƐƵĐŚ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ďĞŐĂŶ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͘

dŚĞ DĂƉ ŵLJ ƌƵŶ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'ŽŽŐůĞ DĂƉƐ W/ ďLJ ĚĞƚĞĐƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ changes of user’s location with high accuracy.

ϱ͘ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƵƐĞĚ

dŚĞ ƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĂƐ ^ŝŶŐůĞ ĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐ ŽĨ ŽŶĞ ŵĂŝŶ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ďĞŶĞĨŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƚLJƉĞ ŽĨ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƐŝŵƉůŝĨŝĞĚ ŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ h/ ĂŶĚ ƐŝŵƉůŝĨŝĞĚ ĂƉƉ ĨůŽǁ͘ dŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞ ƚŽ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞĚƵĐĞƐ ŵĞŵŽƌLJ ƵƐĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ͘

ϲ͘ WƌŽĚƵĐƚ dĞƐƚŝŶŐ

hƐĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƚĞƐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŐĂƚŚĞƌ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ͘ KŶĞ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽŵĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƵŶĐůĞĂƌ͕ Ă ŶĞǁ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƉĂŐĞƐ ŝƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƵƐĞƌƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞdžƉůĂŝŶƐ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͘

ϳ͘ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ

/Ŷ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ / ŚĂǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ Ă ůŽƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ / ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŝĚĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƌƚ ĂŶĚ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĨŝƌƐƚ͘ ƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ dŝŵĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ͕ / ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ Ăůů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ / ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ďƵƚ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ Ɛƚŝůů Ă ŐƌĞĂƚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ / ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ Ă ůŽƚ ĨƌŽŵ͘

ϴ͘ &ƵƚƵƌĞ tŽƌŬ

/Ĩ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞƐ͕ / ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ Ă ĨŽŽĚ ůŝďƌĂƌLJ ŶƵƚƌŝƚŝŽŶ ƉĂŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ůĞƚƐ ƵƐĞƌƐ ƚƌĂĐŬ ǁŚĂƚ ƚLJƉĞ ŽĨ ĨŽŽĚ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĞ ŚŽǁ ŵĂŶLJ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞƐ ĞĂĐŚ ĨŽŽĚ ŝƚĞŵ ŚĂƐ͘ / ǁŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ƉŽůŝƐŚ ƚŚĞ ĞdžŝƐƚŝŶŐ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJ ŚĂǀĞ ŝƚ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ ŽĨ 'ŽŽŐůĞ WůĂLJ ƐƚŽƌĞ͘

,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ &ĂĐƵůƚLJ͗ hŶĂ WĂƌƐŽŶƐ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ͗ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ

atu.ie

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

Computing & Electronic Engineering

MammoAi: Breast cancer AI diagnose app Omar Alshuaili

Supervisor: Veronica Rogers

S00190262@atu.ie

S00190262

1. Overview

4. User interface

MammoAi is an innovative app that utilises

The front end of MammoAi is visually

artificial intelligence to revolutionise breast

appealing,

providing

5. The AI Model a

seamless

cancer diagnosis for healthcare professionals.

experience for healthcare professionals. It

The app's user-friendly interface, designed

features an easily navigable layout, allowing

with SwiftUI, streamlines the diagnostic

doctors to quickly access patient information,

process by allowing doctors to easily access

upload mammogram images, and view AI-

patient information, upload mammogram

generated diagnostic matrix.

images, and receive AI-generated diagnostic

• Python-based

user

Convolutional

Neural

Network (CNN) in MammoAi for expert mammogram analysis.

• Accurate

breast

cancer

diagnosis,

enhancing patient care.

• Trained

on

diverse

data:

images,

demographics, and clinical information.

• Simulates

recommendations.

human

visual

processing,

recognising intricate patterns.

• Multi-layered

architecture

refines.

predictions through training and validation • Aids

early

detection

and

efficient

management of breast cancer, improving outcomes.

2. Planning The planning phase for creating the MammoAi app involved several crucial steps to ensure a successful and impactful final product. The process began with identifying the need for an AI-powered diagnostic tool to improve breast cancer detection and management. With this goal in mind, the following steps were taken: 1.Market Research.

2.Defining Requirements.

3.Technology Selection.

4.Data Acquisition.

5.Development Timeline.

3. Logos and colour palette

6. Future Work •

Develop a companion app for patients to monitor appointments.

•

Integrate appointment scheduling and reminders.

•

Enable secure messaging between patients and doctors.

Head of Faculty: Una Parsons Head of Department : John Kelleher

atu.ie

103

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Ŷ džƉůŽƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ DĂĐŚŝŶĞ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ DĞŶƚĂů ,ĞĂůƚŚ dƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ

ŽŵƉƵƚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

<ĞĂŶĂŶ DĐ ŽŶĂůĚ

sŝǀŝŽŶ <ŝŶƐĞůůĂ

ƐϬϬϭϵϵϵϵϰΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ϬϬϭϵϵϵϵϰ

ϭ͘Ϳ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

ϯ͘Ϳ ůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀƐ͘ ZĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ

ϰ͘Ϳ DƵůƚŝŶŽŵŝĂů EĂŢǀĞ ĂLJĞƐ

DĞŶƚĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ƚŽƉŝĐ ŽĨ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ŐůŽďĂůůLJ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ĨĞǁ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƌĂƉŝĚůLJ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĐŬ Ă ƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ ŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ dŽ ĂůůĞǀŝĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŽŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĨŽůůŽǁ ƚŚĞ ŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ Ă ƵƐĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĨůĂŐ ŝĨ ƚŚĞLJ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ŝŶ ĚŝƐƚƌĞƐƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶLJ ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌĞĂ͕ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͕ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƵƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ďĞŚŝŶĚ ƚĞdžƚ ďLJ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ Ă ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŽ ŝƚ͘

DĂĐŚŝŶĞ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ZĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŵŽĚĞůƐ͘ ZĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ĂƌĞ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŝŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐ ůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĐůĂƐƐŝĨLJ ĚŝƐĐƌĞƚĞ ĚĂƚĂƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘

DƵůƚŝŶŽŵŝĂů EĂŢǀĞ ĂLJĞƐ ŝƐ Ă ĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŵŽĚĞů ďĂƐĞĚ ŽĨĨ ŽĨ ĂLJĞƐ ƚŚĞŽƌĞŵ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŽƌŬƐ ŝĨ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ Ă ƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞǀĞŶƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ĞĨĨĞĐƚ ǁŝůů ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ͘

Ϯ͘Ϳ ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ

EĂŢǀĞ ĂLJĞƐ ĂƐƐƵŵĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ĚĂƚĂ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚ ŝƐ ŶŽƌŵĂůůLJ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ EĂŢǀĞ͘

^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ŝĚĞĂ ĐŽůŽƵƌĞĚ ďLJ ĞŵŽƚŝŽŶ͘ ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ĨĂĐĞƚ ŽĨ EĂƚƵƌĂů >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ WƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ŝƐ ĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ Ă ŐŝǀĞŶ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐĞƌŶ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĞ Žƌ ŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĞ ĞŵŽƚŝŽŶ͘

^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ǁŝůů ŵĂŬĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ƚŽ ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚůLJ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨLJ ƐĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŐƌŽƵƉ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌŝƚŝĞƐ͘

нϭ с WŽƐŝƚŝǀĞ ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ Ϭ с EĞƵƚƌĂů ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ Ͳϭ с EĞŐĂƚŝǀĞ ^ĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ

dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶLJ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŽŵĞ ďĞƚƚĞƌ ƐƵŝƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ E>W ƚŚĂŶ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ sĞĐƚŽƌ DĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͕ EĂŢǀĞ ĂLJĞƐ ĂŶĚ < EĞĂƌĞƐƚ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌ͘

ϲ͘Ϳ < EĞĂƌĞƐƚ EĞŝŐŚďŽƌ

ϳ͘Ϳ ĂƚĂƐĞƚ ĂŶĚ WƌĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶ

A datapoint is labelled as a ‘node’. The datapoints ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ŶŽĚĞ ĂƌĞ ĐĂůůĞĚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌƐ͘ ŶŽĚĞ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĞĚ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚ ŝƚ͘ /Ĩ there exists a node T and the class of it’s nearest ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌ ŝƐ Ŭ с ϭ ƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐ ŽĨ d с ϭ͘

dŚĞ ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚ ƵƐĞĚ ǁĂƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ <ĂŐŐůĞ͕ Ă ŵĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŽƌLJ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĂůLJƚŝĐƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘

ϱ͘Ϳ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ sĞĐƚŽƌ DĂĐŚŝŶĞ dLJƉŝĐĂůůLJ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚĞdžƚ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ sĞĐƚŽƌ DĂĐŚŝŶĞ ĐĂŶ ŚĂǀĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ďŽƚŚ ůŝŶĞĂƌ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲůŝŶĞĂƌ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ ďLJ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ƉůĂŶĞ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ůŝŶĞĂƌ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĞŶ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ŝƚ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ Ă ϮͲ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶĞ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵ Ă ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ͘ /ƚ ƚĂŬĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ Ă ŵĂƌŐŝŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚǁŽ ĚĂƚĂ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĐĂůůĞĚ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ sĞĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ͘

dŚĞ ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚ ĐŚŽƐĞŶ ǁĂƐ Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dǁĞĞƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĂŬĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ǁĂƐ ůĂďĞůůĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽĚĞů ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͘ ƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞ ƚŝŵĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚ Ă ůĂƌŐĞ ƋƵĂŶƚŝƚLJ ŽĨ ĚĂƚĂ͕ Ă ƐƵďƐĞƚ ǁĂƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ƌŽǁƐ͘ 'ƌŝĚ^ĞĂƌĐŚ s ǁĂƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ďĞƐƚ ŚLJƉĞƌƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ŵŽĚĞů ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚ Ă ŽƵŶƚ ǀĞĐƚŽƌŝnjĞƌ ĂŶĚ d&Ͳ/ & ǀĞĐƚŽƌŝnjĞƌƐ͘

ϴ͘Ϳ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ

ϵ͘Ϳ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ dŚĞ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ sĞĐƚŽƌ DĂĐŚŝŶĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƚƚĞŵƉƚ ƚŽ ĐůĂƐƐŝĨLJ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĞĚ ĚĂƚĂ ǁĂƐ ŚŝŐŚůLJ ŝŶĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ͕ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ĞdžƉůŽƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌĞĂ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƉŝĐ ƚŽ ďĞƚƚĞƌ ƚƵŶĞ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƚŝŽŶƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƐĞŶƚŝŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĞƚŚŝĐĂůůLJ ƵƚŝůŝƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJ ĨůĂŐŐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚƌĞŶĚƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝŶ Ă ƵƐĞƌƐ ůŽŐƐ͘ ůĂƌŐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŝŶŐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ƚŽǁĂƌĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĂĐĐƵƌĂĐLJ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚ ƵƐĞĚ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƐĞŵĂŶƚŝĐ ĂŶĚ ǀŽĐĂďƵůĂƌLJ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ŝŶ h^ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ŚĂƚ'Wd ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƐĞƚ͘

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ dh ^ůŝŐŽ

atu.ie

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

STOCKED: A Mobile Point-Of-Sale System Ryan Malone

Supervisor name: Kevin Peyton

S00201033@atu.ie

S00201033

Image Area or Text All images and Logos should be supplied as High Resolution 300dpi CMYK JPEGs

Faculty Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

105

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Draconis: A Dragon’s Tale ƌĞĂƚĞĚ LJ͗ ĚĂŵ ,ŽĨĨŵĂŶ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ EĞŝů 'ĂŶŶŽŶ

^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŵĂŝů͗ ^ϬϬϭϵϳϰϯϮΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ EƵŵďĞƌ͗ ^ϬϬϭϵϬϳϰϯϮ

ϭ͘ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

Ϯ͘ DĞƚŚŽĚ

ϯ͘ ŝŵƐ

ƌĂĐŽŶŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ǀŝƐƵĂů ŶŽǀĞů ƚLJƉĞ ŐĂŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ Ă ďƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌLJ ůŝŶĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ LJŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ ŽĨ ǀŝĂ ĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ LJŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ͘

dŚĞ / ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ǀŝĂ KƉĞŶ /Ɛ W/͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƵƐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ǀŝƐƵĂů ƐƚƵĚŝŽ ƚŽ ƐĞŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŵƉƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŽĨĨ ƚŽ KƉĞŶ ŝ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ŐĞƚ ďĂĐŬ ƚŚĞ ƚĞdžƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƐĂŝĚ ƉƌŽŵƉƚ͘

dŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ǀŝƐƵĂů ŶŽǀĞů ŐĂŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂĚ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ ƐƚŽƌLJ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ 'WdͲϯ ĂƐ LJŽƵ ƉůĂLJ͘

WĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚŽƌLJ ŝƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ / ǀŝĂ KƉĞŶ /Ɛ 'WdͲϯ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ĂůůͲ ͘

ϰ͘ &ƵƚƵƌĞ WůĂŶƐ

Ɛ ǁĞůů ĂƐ /ŵĂŐĞƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ĂůůͲ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞůĂƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚŽƌLJ͘

dŚŝƐ ǁŽƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚĞdžƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘

ϱ͘ WƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ hƐĞĚ

dŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƌĂĐŽŶŝƐ ǁŝůů ĞŶƚĂŝů͗ • &ƵůůLJ ĨůĞƐŚĞĚ ŽƵƚ ƐƚŽƌLJ • DŽƌĞ / ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ƐƚŽƌLJ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ • ĞƚƚĞƌ h/

&ĂĐƵůƚLJ͗ hŶĂ WĂƌƐŽŶƐ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ͗ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ dh ^ůŝŐŽ

atu.ie

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

SocialBox Ethan De Guzman

S00199053

S00199053@atu.ie

Supervisor: Kevin Peyton

Overview:

Front-end:

• SocialBox provides an easy solution to analyze social media trends and user sentiments.

• The application uses Twitter to perform realtime sentimental analysis and we are looking to expand the service to other social media platforms in the future.

• It provides user-friendly visualisations so our users can easily gain insights from the social media data.

• The ability to schedule the analysis was also added as a feature so our users can check if the public’s opinion has changed over a certain period.

• The focus of the application is on the marketing and advertisement department.

With the help of sentimental analysis, businesses and organizations can manage their brand reputation in a more efficient and effective approach.

• They can understand whether how certain choices affected the brand or how well the public’s opinion received a particular product or service released by the company.

• The web application was built Angular – one of the most widely used frameworks in the industry.

• It also uses common frameworks like Bootstrap and Bootstrap Icons to help elevate the design of the web application • For data visualizations, SocialBox uses the popular charting library ChartJS. • The web application is hosted using AWS Amplify and all user authentication/authorization is handled using AWS Cognito.

Back-end: • With the help of microservices and a cloudfirst approach, Amazon Web Services offers several different technologies that can be used for the back-end.

• CRUD operations are called using API Gateway and executed using AWS Lambdas written in Python runtimes.

• For data storage, a non relational database is perfect for the schema-less data coming from Twitter. The service chosen was DynamoDB. • AWS Sagemaker is used to host and deploy the sentiment model.

• For scheduled jobs, SocialBox uses the AWS Eventbridge service alongside AWS Lambda functions.

• The back-end is also deployed using a CI/CD approach.

Future Features: • Ability to download the different visualization charts and graphs.

• Utilize other social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Reddit etc.

• Real-time alerts such as generating summary reports every week and emailing the report to someone’s email.

Learning Outcomes:

• Increased knowledge & experience on working with Artificial Intelligence models, specifically sentimental analysis models.

• More experiences gained on being a full stack developer.

• Improved proficiency on working with AWS services.

• Gained insights on creating and interpreting visualizations charts and how appropriate they are depending on the data.

Technologies Used:

Faculty Head of Department John Kelleher ATU Sligo

atu.ie

107

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ŽŵƉƵƚŝŶŐ Θ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

͗ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĂƉƉ͘ LJ <ŝĂŶ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͗ <ĞŝƚŚ DĐDĂŶƵƐ

^ϬϬϭϴϳϱϬϰΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ϭ͘ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ

ϯ͘ WƌŽũĞĐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ

ϰ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

dŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ŵLJ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ĂŶ ĂƉƉ ĨŽƌ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ĐůƵďƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůƉ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŵĂƚĐŚĞƐ͕ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐůƵď ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ Ă ĐůƵď ŶŽƚŝĐĞďŽĂƌĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ĨĞĞĚ ďLJ ĐŚŽŽƐŝŶŐ ǁŚŽ ƚŽ ĨŽůůŽǁ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ͕ ƚŽ ŵĂŶLJ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉůĂƚĨŽƌŵƐ͘ DĂŶĂŐĞƌƐͬĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĐĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ͕ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĂƚƚĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ͘

ĞĨŽƌĞ Ă ůŝŶĞ ŽĨ ĐŽĚĞ ŚĂĚ ďĞĞŶ ǁƌŝƚƚĞŶ / ŚĂĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ǁŝƌĞĨƌĂŵĞƐ ƚŽ ŐŝǀĞ ŵLJƐĞůĨ Ă ďĞƚƚĞƌ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ǁŚĂƚ / ǁĂƐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘

KŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽǀĞƌĂůů ƐĐŽƉĞ ǁĂƐ ĚĞĨŝŶĞĚ͕ / ĐŽƵůĚ ƐƚĂƌƚ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƵƐĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ͕ ůĂLJŽƵƚ͕ ƵƐĞƌ ĨůŽǁ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůŽƵƌ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĞůƉƐ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ ŝƐ ĞĂƐLJ ƚŽ ŶĂǀŝŐĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ǀŝƐƵĂůůLJ ĂƉƉĞĂůŝŶŐ͘ / ƵƐĞĚ ZĞĂĐƚ :^ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƚĞŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞĚ ^^ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ƚŽ ƐƚLJůĞ ĞĂĐŚ ƉĂŐĞ

/ ƚŚĞŶ ŚĂĚ ƚŽ ĐŚŽŽƐĞ Ă ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ ďĂĐŬĞŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJ͕ / ŽƉƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ă &ŝƌĞďĂƐĞ ďĂĐŬĞŶĚ͕ ďƵƚ / ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŐŽ ǁŝƚŚ DŽŶŐŽ ĂŶĚ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŚĂŶĚůĞ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ͕ ƉŽƐƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƚŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ ĂĐŚ ǁĞĞŬ ŵLJ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ĂŶĚ /͕ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ Ă ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ŐŽĂů ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞĞŬ ďLJ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ƚĂƐŬƐ͕ ǁĞ ĂůƐŽ ƵƚŝůŝnjĞĚ dƌĞůůŽ ďŽĂƌĚƐ ƚŽ ŬĞĞƉ ƚƌĂĐŬ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ƚĂƐŬ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĞĚ ƵƐ ŝŶ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬůŽĂĚ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂLJŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŽƉ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

KŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƚĞŶĚ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ͕ / ĐŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞŶ ŵŽǀĞ ŽŶ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ ďĂĐŬĞŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ƵƐŝŶŐ ŵŽŶŐŽ ĂŶĚ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ͘ &Žƌ ƚŚŝƐ / ŚĂĚ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽĚĞ ǁĂƐ ĐůĞĂŶ͕ ƌĞĂĚĂďůĞ͕ ƉƌŽƉĞƌůLJ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂŶLJ ďƵŐƐ Žƌ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ĂƐ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ƵƐĞƌƐ͕ ƉŽƐƚƐ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ůŝŬĞƐ ĞƚĐ͘

Ϯ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ tŚĞŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉ / ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂĐƚ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝĚĞĂů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂŶ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ĂƐ ZĞĂĐƚ͘ũƐ ŚĂƐ Ă ůŝŐŚƚǁĞŝŐŚƚ ĂŶĚ ĨůĞdžŝďůĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐĐĂůĞĚ ƵƉ Žƌ ĚŽǁŶ ĞĂƐŝůLJ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĂŶŐƵůĂƌ͘ / ĂůƐŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ Ă ƐŚŽƌƚ ƐƵƌǀĞLJ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ƉĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůƵď ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ƐŽ / ĐŽƵůĚ ŐĂƵŐĞ ŝĨ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŽŶ ǁŚĂƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ďĞŶĞĨŝĐŝĂů ƚŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͘

ϱ͘ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ

^Ž &Ăƌ͕ / ,ĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƚͲĞŶĚ h/ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ůŽŐŝŶͬƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͕ LJŽƵ ĐĂŶ ƚŚĞŶ ĂůƐŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ LJŽƵƌ ŽǁŶ ƐĞĐƵƌĞ ƵƐĞƌ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ǁŚĞƌĞ hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ƉŽƐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƉŽƐƚƐ ďLJ ůŝŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƚŝŶŐ͘ hƐĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ƵƉĚĂƚĞ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĚĞůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ĞŶƚŝƌĞůLJ͘

ϲ͘ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ /Ŷ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ƐƉŽƌƚƐͲ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ĂƉƉ ƵƐŝŶŐ ZĞĂĐƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƚĞŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ DŽŶŐŽ ĂŶĚ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ďĂĐŬĞŶĚ ŚĂƐ ƌĞĂůůLJ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞĚ ŵLJ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŽŶ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ǁŝƚŚ ZĞĂĐƚ͕ / ĐĂŶ ŶŽǁ ƐƚLJůĞ ƉĂŐĞƐ ŵƵĐŚ ďĞƚƚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ / ĞǀĞƌ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ǁŽƌƚŚ ŵĞŶƚŝŽŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ / ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ƵƐĞ &ŝƌĞďĂƐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ͕ / Ɛƚŝůů ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ Ă ůŽƚ ĨƌŽŵ ŝƚ ũƵƐƚ ďLJ ƉůĂLJŝŶŐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŝƚ͘

ϳ͘ &ƵƚƵƌĞ tŽƌŬ dŚĞ ŶĞdžƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ / ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ĂĚĚ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚ ŵĞƐƐĂŐŝŶŐ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ ƐŽ ƉůĂLJĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĐĂŶ ĞĂƐŝůLJ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŽƵƌ ĂƉƉ͘ ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ / ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ĂĚĚ ŝƐ Ă YZ ĐŽĚĞ ƐĐĂŶŶĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƚƌĂĐŬƐ ƉůĂLJĞƌ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĂƚƚĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ͘ / ǁŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ůŽǀĞ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ ŵŽƌĞ ƵƐĞƌ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ŶŽǁ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŐĞ͘

,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ &ĂĐƵůƚLJ͗ hŶĂ WĂƌƐŽŶƐ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ͗ :ŽŚŶ <ĞůůĞŚĞƌ

atu.ie

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

The Student Journey Framework Fiachra Ward

Kevin Peyton

S00189836@atu.ie

S00189836

Technologies Implemented

Introduction There is a gap in the market for the sale of livestock digitally. This has a potential user base of 137,500 farmers in Ireland. The product would be easy to adapt to work outside of Ireland in the future with minimal changes.

Aims The aim of my project was to create a mobile application that would act as this digital marketplace, as a part of this, I planned for the application to include the following: • User profiles connected to online databases.

• Image recognition for detecting and identifying livestock.

• Fully integrated financial transactions.

• Statistical graphing • Chat • Admin features

There are several technologies implemented into the application.

These technologies include: • Firebase Database and Authentication – This technology was chosen because it allows for the storage of data and linking that data to established accounts.

This technology allows for users to chat. It also allows for users to be created and deleted within the application • Stripe Payment Services – Stripe was implemented because it is a developer friendly service that allows for smaller users and businesses to work with it without requiring a set-up storefront, it was also chosen due to it having built-in security that is stronger than what I could provide • Custom Vision Services – This service was decided upon because it is an open and free to use version of machine learning for image recognition

• Oxyplot charting – Oxyplot was used because it is the only fully able to be integrated free charting service for Xamarin

Results and Future Features The project managed to complete all of the aims that it set out to accomplish. It is able to make use of machine learning to recognise and deny spam or false uploads.

It can perform payments globally with security. It has a built-in self-updating graph of sale. It has functional profiles that allow for it to connect to an online Firebase Database for Authentication, storage and chat.

If I were to continue this project I would add video recognition and expand it to all other livestock markets

User Interface The design of the user interface was to ensure that it would be clear and easy to read all of the information on the screen.

This is the main sales that is called within the application.

On the purchase screen, you have the option to purchase the animal or chat to the seller.

This page automatically updates with each new animal that is listed within the application.

This has an upscaled image of a cow so that even if the uploader uploads poor quality images the animal is recognisable.

Tapping on an animal takes to the purchase screen.

This screen provides an in depth description of the animal

This is an image of a graph that is generated based on the sales that are performed within the application.

The graph will automatically update with each sale that occurs within the application.

Department of Computing & Electronic Engineering John Kelleher ATU Sligo

atu.ie

109

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

That Moon's Got Monsters A procedurally generated dungeon crawler Student name: Andrew Casey Student number: S00200841

1. Overview

Procedurally generate content for replayability

Student email: S00200841@atu.ie

2. Planning

Supervisor name: Veronica Rogers

Plans for the project were laid out and the topic of procedural generation was chosen as a focus to base the project on.

Fight Enemies. Find Portals to Proceed.

Unity was chosen to facilitate the creation of the game. The idea was to create a 2D game that would focus on the ability to reuse assets to create a fresh new experience in each playthrough.

3. Production

GitHub was decided upon to facilitate the version control of the project.

Weekly Standups were planned to discuss workloads. A Done, Doing, To-do process was discussed at these meetings, and Trello was then used to visualize the workflow.

4. Product Testing

5. Conclusions

Product testing was done when the product was considered ready to release.

Focus was given to User Interfaces to improve the quality of the game.

Procedural generation can be quite difficult to deploy correctly but the payoff for having procedurally generated content for replayability is worth the investment.

User Experience (UX) was employed by having testers test the game and give feedback on their experiences to help improve future updates.

The ability to create dynamic content is beneficial for small development teams. It allows them to focus on more aspects of the game they are creating.

6. Future Plans • Animations • Increase Enemy Variety • Release on more platforms • Boss variety • Increased item collection count • Increase room variety

Head of Faculty: Kevin Peyton Head of Department: Una Parsons ATU Sligo

atu.ie

2023

Computing and Electronic Engineering Overview

Workspace Captain Robert Donoghue

Supervisor: Shaun McBrearty

S00190029@atu.ie

S00190029

Research and Planning

Streamlining Your Workflow

Informed Decisions for an Effective Solution

A single app to launch, position, and manage multiple applications with ease • Workspace Captain reduces the time and effort required to set up your daily workspace • Launches and positions userdefined stacks of apps • Eliminates the need for manual window arrangement, enhancing productivity.

• Thorough research on existing solutions and their limitations • In-depth understanding of user needs for efficient workspace management • Cross-platform compatibility and ease of development • 1-Click to "Capture" your perfect workspace • 1-Click to launch your perfect workspace

Intuitive Design Meets Powerful Functionality Backend Modular functions for launching and positioning applications.

Platform-specific libraries for seamless cross-platform compatibility Frontend Streamlined user interface for a smooth and intuitive user experience.

Beta release focused on simplicity and core functionality

Workspace Captain

Future Features and Conclusions

Expanding Workspace Captain's Capabilities and Reach Future Features: • Additional customization options for app positioning, environment and behaviour • Support for MacOS

Workspace Captain addresses the productivity issue in managing multiple applications Positive feedback from early adopters affirms the app's effectiveness Continuous improvement and expansion of features to cater to a wider audience

Computing & Electronic Engineering Kevin Peyton ATU Sligo

atu.ie

111

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

AKK@UG?bzYz g00189168

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atu.ie

2023

Computing & Electronic Engineering

uFree?

Luke Sweeney

Supervisor : Una L'Estrange

S00197749@atu.ie

S00197749

Overview:

Front-end:

Development:

• The main aim of this project is to create a platform for groups of friends to effortlessly find times to meet up.

• Users can create groups and add their friends.

• Once a group is created, users can input the times in a week in which they are free to meet. ‘uFree?’ will then clearly display the slots where all members of a group are available at the same time.

• Users can create custom activities for their groups. Each activity can have a name, description and a limit on the minimum members needed for the activity to take place.

• Once the available times are found, users can set an activity for those times which will notify members of the group and will display on the group schedule.

• For example, my group has an activity called “Golf”, I need a minimum of three people to play golf, so the app will display all times where at least 3 members of the group are available for that activity, I then select the most convenient of these time slots and set the activity, notifying the rest of my group members.

React is a widely used JavaScript library used for building user interfaces. React is quickly gaining in popularity among developers and this is a large reason for it’s use in this project, as it was beneficial for me to learn in depth.

Along with React, this project utilizes Bootstrap 5 for UI design and Syncfusion React scheduler which is a library with UI components making the design of the schedule much easier.

Development started with planning the applications architecture i.e which technologies were to be used. Once they were decided, an architecture of the SQL tables needed was drafted up, this architecture changed slightly as development continued.

As programming commenced, each addition was tested before moving on to the next, this made for smooth progress as I was never bombarded with errors. Testing continued to occur along with development, as sometimes adding one new feature may inadvertently break on old, previously working one. Once an idea of the UI was formed, friends and family were brought in to test its feasibility and changes were made where necessary.

GitHub was used for version control and for CI/CD, once a change was made and tested, it was pushed to GitHub where it would be automatically published to the live server.

Back-end: The project uses Azure cloud services for the back-end. Data is stored on an Azure SQL Database. Data is then read and written to and from the database using an Azure functions application, written in the programming language C# on the .NET 6 framework. The functions use SQL queries to interact with the SQL database. Each function has its own URL which can be called via HTTP requests from the front-end React application, much like an API. Data can be passed with these HTTP requests.

In summary, data is passed to and from the front-end React app to the Azure SQL database through an Azure Functions application.

Future Features/Development: • Messaging feature for groups.

• Improved UI. • Dedicated Mobile application (Android & iOS).

Faculty Head of Department John Kelleher ATU Sligo

atu.ie

113

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Computing & Electronic Engineering

Researching the Usability of Virtual Workstations Úna L’Estrange

S00198481@atu.ie

S00198481

Literature Findings

Overview •

Cian Tivnan

The aim of this project was to examine the usability and feasibility of Virtual Reality for the creation of virtual workstations, particularly for individuals engaged in remote-working. Virtual workstations allow users to replace their physical office with a 3D environment and dynamic virtual screens.

•

Prior studies into the usability of VR for productivity have found that typing speed dropped significantly as users’ keyboards were removed from their field of view.

•

Developers must be aware of the difference between focal length and convergence length when developing VR UI. When reading text outside of the convergence point caused by the device screen, users may be unable to read well.

Therefore, movable UI panels are essential to a good experience.

Initial Development •

An Oculus Quest 2 application was developed in Unity for the purpose of usability testing. This application would be used to perform a study to quantify the effects of various usability aids such as tracked-keyboards on typing performance.

•

Adjusting a user’s surroundings in VR led to a quantifiable decrease in heart rate and stress levels. By placing users in peaceful nature environments, workplace stress and anxiety could be reduced.

•

Users should be provided with predictable environments that replicate their realworld surroundings, offering reference to previous experiences.

•

The UI of VR applications should be clearly perceivable and stand out from the rest of the environment. The large field of view afforded by modern VR devices may distract users from important UI elements.

Development Challenges •

Numerous challenges were encountered during development – including Oculus SDK documentation, sample assets not working correctly, as well as challenges in learning to use Unity for the first time.

Research Goals •

Research was conducted to discover common pain-points and usability principles essential to a usable VR experience.

Diagram demonstrating the difference between focal and convergence points when using a VR device (Hoffman et al., 2008)

Research application in use on Oculus/Meta Quest 2 device, using Logitech MX Keys as tracked keyboard

Research Application

• A tracked keyboard is an external keyboard which is positionally tracked by the VR device via built-in IR tracking cameras. It is then represented in the user’s environment as a 3D model, giving the user better spatial awareness. In order to explore the use of tracked keyboards to improve typing performance, an application was completed which allows a user to test the effects of tracked keyboards.

Research application screenshots

• The user can enter text via the keyboard, copying over sample text to perform a typing test. This test data is then recorded to an AWS DynamoDB table for storage and further exploration.

• Hand-tracking is used for interaction with UI elements, with pinch gestures being used to select items in the interface.

• Upon moving their hands close to the tracked Bluetooth keyboard, the 3D hand models representing the user’s hands transition into a live camera feed of the user’s hands, positioned over the keyboard object in the environment. This ensures the user can see the exact position of their hand over the keyboard, even while immersed in a VR environment.

Head of Faculty : Head of Department: ATU Sligo

atu.ie

Una Parsons John Kelleher

atu.ie

2023

Computing and Electronic Engineering

1.

•

Overview

The aim of the project is to develop a physiotherapy mobile app.

The platform: • Allows patients to select exercises and monitor performance.

• Has the ability to learn new exercises performed by a physiotherapist and then assign these to a patient.

• The exercises are tracked using a handheld device and the phone camera.

• Exercise Data can be saved to the cloud.

2. Architecture

• Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense.

• Android with Kotlin.

• Firebase.

Pose Sense

Neuroplasticity Research Group (NRG)- ATU Sligo

Researcher: Ronnie Conlon

Supervisor: Paul Powell

S00200671@atu.ie

paul.powell@atu.ie

3. Sensor Exercise Recognition

• Accelerometer readings are sent using BLE to the phone and recorded during exercise.

• New readings are checked against reference exercises.

• A machine learning method is used to: • Learn new exercises.

• Distinguish between exercises.

• Identify partially complete exercises.

4. Camera Exercise Recognition

• Uses MoveNet Lightning.

• Takes frames from camera as user performs an exercise.

• Checks these frames against exercise reference frames for similarity.

• Does this by checking the average cosine similarity of relevant joint pairs.

5. Conclusions

• The accelerometer can accurately detect different exercises, and how well they are performed.

• 2D camera pose detection is a viable method for exercise detection.

• Both methods have issues that need to be addressed, such as angles and orientation.

• When both methods are used together, there is scope to improve accuracy of detection of exercises with similar features.

6. Future Work • • •

Further research on the effectiveness and combination of sensory and visual methods.

Further test machine learning models.

Clinical field trials.

BLE module Grove Touch Sensor

Accelerometer

Arduino Nano

Pose Detection with MoveNet Lightning

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense With touch sensor

Data from accelerometer on different exercises

Faculty Head of Department Kevin Payton ATU Sligo

ATU.ie

115

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of Civil Engineering and Construction The Department of Civil Engineering and Construction has a strong track record of research and teaching in civil engineering and have programmes from Higher Certificate to Masters level. Through the development of the MEng in Road and Transport Engineering in partnership with the Department of Transport and the Local Authorities, it was the first institute in Ireland to gain full chartered engineering accreditation from Engineers Ireland for an online masters.

Construction Project Management is a professional field that focuses on each part of the construction process of any built environment. The course at ATU Sligo equips graduates with skills and knowledge in project management as well as an understanding of the business process and environment. Armed with such expertise, graduates will be prepared for decision making and undertaking executive responsibilities within a number of industries, such as; construction, energy, utilities, telecommunications, architecture, production, design and service industries.

In addition, the department has developed programmes, which will allow you to work in key emerging areas such as our Advanced Wood and Sustainable Building Technology degree which teaches you how to use sustainable materials and methods to produce low energy, low carbon designs. Other full time programmes include: Quantity Surveying, Construction Economics, Construction Project Management and Applied Technology and Advanced Wood and Sustainable Building Technology.

Salem Gharbia

Acting Head of Department of Civil Engineering and Construction

atu.ie

2023

BSc Honours in Construction Project Management Construction project managers are responsible for planning, coordination and control of a project from inception to completion. Their role is to deliver clients’ requirements in order to produce a functionally and financially viable construction project that will be completed on time, within budget and to the required quality and standards.

Construction project managers, quantity surveyors and senior engineers require a combination of engineering knowledge, good business and organisational skills and a capacity for leadership in managing people and construction operations within the building process.

117

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

ATU Sligo Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Final Year Student Projects

atu.ie

2023

Reducing Cost, Energy Consumption & Greenhouse Gases in Ontario Municipal Roads through Asset Management & Pavement Preservation: A Case Study Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Evan Tunstall

Student ID: S00219537

S00219537@atu.ie

Supervisor name: John Casserly

AIM & OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION With the ongoing infrastructure and climate crisis in Canada, it is imperative to find any ways to reduce cost, GHG emissions, and energy consumption in Ontario municipal road construction.

With Canada’s core infrastructure estimated at $1.1 trillion, it is important to preserve the infrastructure we already have.

The aim of this research is to provide Ontario municipalities with recommendations on how to reduce cost, greenhouse gases and energy consumption during the planning and implementation of road construction projects through the following objectives;

Overall, there is a general lack of data attributing to Ontario’s current infrastructure status and the progress towards O.Reg 588/17. Creating the best approach to preserve infrastructure starts with a plan, however, implementation of that plan with the proper materials and construction methods is vital. Without knowing the condition our infrastructure, it creates difficulties when attempting to provide the best method of preserving what is currently in place.

In this study, we investigate how Ontario municipalities’ can combat the current infrastructure and climate crises through the implementation of asset management and pavement preservation.

 Evaluate the status of road asset management plans in Ontario municipalities.  Assess the condition of the road networks in Ontario municipalities.  Perform a case study on a pavement preservation method.  Investigate pavement preservation methods to decrease cost, greenhouse gases, and energy consumption in Ontario municipalities.  Review provincial policies, funding, and municipal capital budgets and compare the allocation between pavement preservation and traditional paving methods in Ontario municipalities.  Identify and measure the current pavement preservation techniques used by Ontario municipalities.

RESULTS

METHODOLOGY

Overall the scrub seal trial compared to conventional hot mix asphalt was complete at a fraction of the cost, a total saving of $262,630 or 83% and reduced green house emissions by 93%.  Scrub Seal Trial in Hamilton, ON.  Follow up Road Measure Studies.  Onsite application / operation process.  Testing feasibility in Southern Ontario climate.

 4 Interviews conducted with municipal employees working in asset management or roads.  Interviews contained 16 questions regarding asset management, funding, and pavement preservation.  Interviews recorded and transcribed.  Cognitive maps created for each interview.

Progress Toward O.Reg 588/17  Survey sent out to 43 individuals working regional municipalities within Ontario.  The survey contained 29 questions regarding asset management, funding and pavement preservation.  Of the 43 individuals, 18 surveys were received and analyzed.

17%

Average Road Network Composition

11%

12% No Progress

33% 39%

Granular / Gravel

26%

Stage 1 Stage 2

62%

Stage 3 Stage 4

Road Budget (Average)

9%

8% Roads (Capital)

83%

CONCLUSION Overall, by utilizing a robust asset management plan in conjunction with a variety of pavement preservation treatments, Ontario municipalities can slowly improve the condition roads networks.

Public education is vital for the success of implementing new technology into the future of road construction. Reuse, recycling and maintaining roads to last much longer through pavement preservation is integral and can greatly benefit the current climate crises by reducing GHG emissions and energy consumption within Ontario municipal road construction.

Roads (Preservation / Preventative Maintenance) Roads (General Maintenance)

Surface Treated (Chip Seal / Tar & Chip / Hardtop) Asphalt / Hot Mix / Paved Surface

 Qualitative data collected indicated municipalities understanding of the importance of O.Reg 588/17.  Quantitative data suggests municipalities in the sample size all met the deadline for Stage 1 of O.Reg 588/17 and most municipalities complete Stage 2 and Stage 3.  The quantitative data indicates 12% of all municipal roads within the sample size are still gravel roads.  Although participants were aware of the importance of preserving their pavement, only 9% of the annual roads budget was allocated toward pavement preservation.

RECOMMENDATIONS • • • • • • •

Build upon existing asset management plans as per O.Reg 588/17 while remaining ahead of regulations.

Diversify the use of pavement preservation treatments.

Recognize the importance of environmental concerns when making budget allocation decisions.

Utilize more federal and provincial funding towards pavement preservation and asset management.

Allocate more budget towards pavement preservation and eliminating gravel roads.

Provide funding for public education regarding pavement preservation.

Conduct further case studies on pavement preservation treatments across all climate zones in Ontario.

REFERENCES Goetzen, F. (2020). Reveall | How to combine quantitative and qualitative user research. [online] reveall.co. Available at: https://www.reveall.co/blog/how-to-combine-quantitative-and-qualitative-user-research.

Research Tube (2019). What is case study and how to conduct case study research. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kynoEFQNEq8.

Terkait, A. (2022). Mixed Method Research Approach. [online] JOURNAL PAPERS. Available at: https://www.journalpapers.org/2022/07/mixed-method-research-approach.html [Accessed 17 Apr. 2023].

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

119

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

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ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

2023

The Implementation Of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) In The Irish Construction Industry

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Joseph Finn

Student ID: S00219519

S00219519@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Colin Harte

Introduction :

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a rapidly evolving technology that has been transforming the construction industry by enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and quality of construction projects. However, the adoption of BIM among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Irish construction industry is still limited. This dissertation aims to investigate the implementation of BIM in SMEs in the Irish construction industry, identifying the benefits and challenges of BIM implementation and exploring the factors influencing its adoption.

Methodology:

Aims and Objectives :

A mixed-methods research approach will be employed, comprising both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The research will start with a literature review to identify the benefits and challenges of BIM implementation in SMEs. The study will then use a survey questionnaire to collect data from SMEs in the Irish construction industry to identify their level of BIM adoption, the benefits they have experienced, and the challenges they have faced.

Follow-up interviews will be conducted with selected SMEs to better understand their BIM implementation experiences.

Figure 1 : The obstacles that stand in the way of widespread use of BIM in the building sector. (Ullah et al, 2019).

• To investigate the current state of BIM adoption in SMEs in the Irish Construction Industry.

• To identify the barriers and challenges faced by SMEs in adopting and implementing BIM. • To assess the benefits and opportunities of BIM for SMEs in the Irish Construction Industry.

• To propose strategies and recommendations for promoting and supporting BIM adoption in SMEs in the Irish Construction Industry.

Why do you think companies are reluctant to using BIM ?

Do you agree Culture is a barrier to implementing BIM ?

Do you agree Insufficient Government Support is a barrier to implementing BIM ?

Do you believe that Main Contractors should be providing BIM training to their Supply Chains ?

Do you agree Finance is a barrier to implementing BIM ?

Do you agree Training is a barrier to implementing BIM ?

Do you agree Legal Issues are a barrier to implementing BIM ?

Do you believe BIM should be made mandatory for all construction projects ?

Interview Quotation from Participant No 1 The real issues with construction in Ireland, 3 things that need to be addressed: • Motivation – Improve financial support from the Irish government to push the benefits of using BIM. • Collaboration – the whole idea is to collaborate as a group. You need to use integrated contracts, better risk share, and employ contractors earlier on in the project. The whole way we do things is wrong. It’s not SMART. We are good at building not very good at doing bigger jobs.

• Enable the supply chain to use BIM – train them properly. Same consistent training during training.

Specific curriculums tailored to the specific group.

Dr. Alan Hore, Founding Director CitA (2023)

Results:

The survey gathered data on respondents' work experience, company size and type, sectors worked in, perception of and use of BIM in construction. While BIM is viewed as relevant and frequently used, there may be differences in how it's perceived. Reasons for reluctance to use BIM include:  high training costs,  lack of experience,  client demands.

Respondents show high familiarity and expertise with BIM, but a potential skill gap may require training and education initiatives.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this dissertation has contributed to the understanding of BIM implementation in SMEs in the Irish construction industry. It has highlighted the challenges faced by SMEs and identified strategies that can be employed to overcome these challenges.

The author suggests the following to improve the implementation of BIM :  Utilise government support  Provide training  Start small and scale up .Encourage a culture of innovation  More involvement with stakeholders and supply chains Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

121

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Exploring the Impacts of the Circular Economy on Construction Projects

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Kieran Clarke

Student ID: S00219515

S00219515@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Mel Casserly

Introduction

Methodology – mixed methods

Discussion

Construction globally accounts for

Qualitative research methods

Drivers

 Extensive literature review from authoritative sources  Four semi-structured interviews with experienced industry professionals employing open-ended questions

 Economic ,If the concept is cheaper

Literature review

Barriers

40% of natural resource consumption

33% greenhouse gas emissions

 Lacy and Rutqvist (2015) emphasized the significance of decoupling economic growth from natural resource consumption  The Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015) claimed that the circular economy can bring social and economic equality

40% of waste generation

Interview findings 92.8million tonnes of minerals, fossil fuels & organic materials entered the global market in 2019, however only 9% was categorised as circular The circular economy presents an opportunity to extend the lifespan of materials in circulation within the economy for as long as possible in the highest possible value

Questions What do you know about circular economy?

Have you observed items that are recyclable discarded as waste in construction?

Mr. A

Mr. B

Very little Very limited

Yes

Yes

 Lack of information & guidance  Lack of clear government policies  Lack of a collaborative approach

Mr. C

Mr. D

Limited

Nothing

Yes

Yes

Enablers of circularity  Viable business models necessary  Design for disassembly  Design standardization

A five-point Likert scale questionnaire developed on the findings from the literature review and interviews received 41 responses culminating in a response rate of 47%.

Questionnaire findings

Have you attended any training regarding the circular economy?

 Design out waste  Incentives to change

Recommendations & Conclusion  Current lack of awareness, implementation and training of the circular economy found across all research methods  A more collaborative approach appears necessary for the widespread successful adoption

Aim of the research

 Political bodies must provide a clear road map for circularity in construction with streamlining of licensing for reuse & recycle

To critically analyse & understand the potential impact of the circular economy on construction projects and wider Irish construction Industry

Have you observed construction materials that could have been  Significant cultural change required in recycled, recovered, or reused discarded as waste? transitioning to circularity

1. To understand the principles and evolution of a circular economy

 Incentives for reuse & recycle of materials with levies on the extraction of virgin materials

2. To explore the current understanding of the circular economy within the construction industry

 Case studies required to demonstrate viability of the circularity concept

3. To identify the main drivers for the circular economy

 Procurement strategies amended to account for projects delivered with circularity in mind particularly at public sector level

4. Evaluate the impact on construction of adopting a circular economy approach from a client, designer and contractor’s perspective 5. Contrast a linear and a circular economy approach within the construction industry 6. To assess the main barriers and enablers in the implementation of a circular economy within the construction industry.

 Cultural – resistance to change

 Economic viability not demonstrated

Quantitative research methods

Objectives of the research

 Environmental & scarce materials

• • • • • • •

References

Circle economy, 2019. THE CIRCULARITY GAP REPORT 2019. [Online] Available at: http://www.circle-economy.com/resources/the-circularity-gap-report-2019 [Accessed 26 03 2023] Creswell, J., 2003. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand oaks, California: Sage.

Doyle, L., Brady, A.-m. & Byrne, G., 2009. An overview of mixed methods research. Journal of research in nursing, 14(2), pp. pp 175-185 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015. Towards a Circular Economy: Business rationale for an Accelerated Transition. [Online] Available at: https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ [Accessed 08th October 2022].

Global footprint network, 2022. Advancing the science of sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.footprintnetwork.org/ [Accessed 26 03 2023].

Lacy, P. & Rutqvist, J., 2015. Waste to wealth: The circular economy advantage. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ness, D. A. & Xing, K., 2017. Toward a Resource-Efficient Built Environment: A Literature Review and Conceptual Model. Journal of Industrial Ecology 21, 21(3), pp. 572-592.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

&ůŽŽĚŝŶŐ /Ŷ ĂŶ hƌďĂŶ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŝǀŝů ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ Θ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ^ĐŚŽŽů ŽĨ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞƐŝŐŶ

^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŶĂŵĞ͗ EĞŝů K ^ƵůůŝǀĂŶ

^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ / ͗ ^ϬϬϮϮϳϴϴϲ

ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚΛĞŵĂŝů͘ ƐϬϬϮϮϳϴϴϲΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ŶĂŵĞ͗ ZƵƚŚ YƵŝŶŶ

Introduction.

Results:

Due to increasing urbanization and climate change, it is becoming more common for cities to experience flooding which occurs when surface water runoff overwhelms urban drainage systems. As much as 300 communities all over Ireland are at risk of flooding, unless significant investment is made in relief works. This research found that 90.5% of 21 people surveyed, were not affected by flooding in the past twelve months.

Qualitative Results.

As part of the research, five people were interviewed, one person had been directly, severely affected by flooding, and four other participants were experienced Engineers dealing with flooding issues on a regular basis. The participants interviewed, reported a range of answers, including climate change with more frequent, and intense rainfall occurring annually.

This analysis shows that there is an increasing feeling among communities in Ireland for a more natural way of managing the risk of flooding. To lessen the water peaks that frequently cause flooding by delaying and accelerating water flow through a watershed.

Poor planning decisions in flood prone areas, which than increases the impermeable surfaces and surface water runoff. All of the interviewees said that the current existing drainage systems in place were inadequate with combined storm and sewer systems being a particular area of concern. ^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ &ůŽŽĚŝŶŐ ŝŶ Ŷ hƌďĂŶ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘

Conclusion.

&ůŽŽĚŝŶŐ /Ŷ DĞĂĚŽǁďƌŽŽŬ ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ 'ůĂŶŵŝƌĞ͕ Ž ŽƌŬ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͕ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ͘ŝĞͿ

Aims:

The aims of the research were to investigate the cause and effects of urban flooding, evaluate flood management techniques, add to existing knowledge, appraise the results and find the most effective sustainable methods of preventing urban flooding.

Methodology:

The research used a mixed methods methodology approach that combined both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather and analyse data. This approach provided a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic, as it allowed both subjective experiences and objective measurements.

^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ ǁǁǁ͘ĐĂŶǀĂ͘ĐŽŵ

^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ ǁǁǁ͘ƉŝŶƚĞƌĞƚƐ͘ĐŽŵ͘ĂƵ

Quantitative Results: The quantitative analysis of the study revealed the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of the survey participants, and communities towards the impact of flooding on their lives.

There were 21 participants surveyed in this part of the study of various different professional backgrounds.

^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ &ůŽŽĚŝŶŐ /Ŷ Ŷ hƌďĂŶ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘

The survey results showed that while 90.5% of participant's were not directly affected by flooding in the previous twelve months, 47.6% agreed that flooding events were becoming more frequent due to climate change, and whilst most people did not have previous knowledge of sustainable drainage, 71.4% of participants agreed that there should be more sustainable, nature based drainage systems used to prevent flooding.

In conclusion, the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data on urban flooding highlights the urgent requirement for the introduction of sustainable measures to mitigate the impacts of floods in urban areas.

The research found that Local government bodies in Ireland are not using Suds systems as frequently as required.

Improved collaboration is required between the relevant state bodies.

The Department for environment, Food & Rural affairs (DEFRA) Future Flood Prevention report, opened up a conversation on how best to achieve this .We need to reduce flood risk holistically if we want to convince society that flooding is everyone’s responsibility.

As part of a comprehensive strategy, homeowners and businesses both have a part to play also, but changing how individuals and organizations act is necessary. Transparency is necessary so that individuals can understand their place in the flood risk management puzzle.

WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͗ ^Đ ;,ŽŶƐͿ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ WƌŽũĞĐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚƵůĞ͗ ŝƐƐĞƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ Yh^hϬϴϬϮϯ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŚĂŝƌ͗ ͘ ůĂƌŬĞ ,ĂŐĂŶ ĂŶŝĞů͘ĐůĂƌŬŚĂŐĂŶΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

123

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

The Future Funding of Irish Projects Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Ronan O’ Reilly

Student ID: S00219545

S00219545@atu.ie

Supervisor name: John Casserly

Introduction An important part of the construction industry is funding projects, which entails finding the funding sources required to carry out a project successfully, major projects demand substantial financial outlays, and obtaining money is frequently a difficult and complicated process that necessitates careful preparation and execution.

The research will have an emphasis on investment funding, the challenges, and difficulties associated with acquiring money, as well as the kinds of investment alternatives, the research examines the existing and future financing of Irish building projects.

The study also investigated the various funding options available in Ireland and reviewed a few highly intriguing case stories that emphasise the value of the significant investment.

Methodology

Aims & Objectives

Qualitative Analysis and Results • Industry representatives were questioned during interviews • Survey questions Quantitative Analysis and Results • Representatives in the construction industry were provided with the 17-question survey for their anonymous responses.

The aim of this dissertation topic was to show the types of funding and where most funding is been allocated during the planning stage and through the duration of construction projects.

This research paper is set out to carry out some of the following studies and will give a better understanding.

Case Studies

➢ Review the types of funding available and from what sources

• Luas Cross City investment • Grange Gorman Development

➢ Review the areas in which funding is mostly allocated ➢ Review the previous decade in relation to funding allocation

Justification of Research

Survey results by their position in the industry

The funding of Irish construction projects is crucial for promoting economic growth, identifying alternative funding sources, staying current with emerging trends, comprehending the impact of governmental policies, and developing best practices in project financing, as a conclusion to my justification for choosing this topic.

The creation of best practices in project financing, which can reduce risks and enhance project outcomes, can benefit from research on financing construction projects. For instance, studies investigating the viability and dangers of using crowdfunding as a funding source for construction projects can shed light on these issues.

Purpose of the Research

To better understand the many financial options available to developers and investors in the construction sector, research is being done on construction funding.

Research on construction financing can aid in locating additional sources of money, weighing the risks and rewards of various funding solutions, and revealing new patterns in project financing.

Findings

Recommendations

❖ Since the last economic downturn in 2008, securing financing for construction projects in Ireland has been a very challenging and rigorous process. The government has come under fire for failing to make funding available for crucial housing and infrastructure projects to keep up with Ireland's expanding population. ❖ Many case studies illustrate that money can be obtained, and they also demonstrate that Ireland is growing increasingly dependent on foreign direct investment. ❖ The results of the data collected from both quantitative and qualitative surveys showed that funding and investment are available in some financial institutions, but the days of pension funds and vulture funds are over. Today, the main sources of funding are international investments for residential real estate and European investments for infrastructure developments.

There are various recommendations available for financing construction projects. ❖ Government grants and loans: Several governments provide grants and loans for building projects that satisfy specific requirements. They could, for instance, be initiatives that support economic growth or provide employment ❖ Private investors may be interested in supporting building projects with the potential for substantial profits, such as venture capitalists or angel investors. ❖ Self-funding: If you have the means to do so, you might want to consider self-financing your construction project. This may entail borrowing from personal resources or using personal assets like a home or other real estate as collateral but it can be dangerous to self-fund.

Conclusion In conclusion, although financing construction projects might be challenging, investors and developers have many options. Alternatives to traditional bank loans for financing construction projects include crowdsourcing, government grants and loans, private investors, and self-funding.

It is essential to keep an eye on emerging funding trends as the construction industry grows if you want to continue to be successful at obtaining financing for new projects.

Funding Positive findings ✓ International investment is prominent in Ireland. ✓ European investments in infrastructure are improving. ✓ The rising costs of materials and labor hire haven’t affected progress.

Funding Negative Findings ✓ Costs of material and labor have slowly scared off pension fund investors. ✓ Lack of knowledge of types of funding and how funding is secured. ✓ Difficulty in gaining experience in investments. ✓ Culture change, the government is slow to accept that investment is required in all areas.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Payment Challenges for SME Contractors in Construction: Evaluating The Potential of Blockchain Technology As A Solution to Payment Issues

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Shane McCarville

Student ID: S00201445

s00201445@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Colin Harte

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND SMART CONTRACTS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS PAYMENT PROBLEMS FACED BY SMES IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. To identify and analyse the payment challenges SMEs face in the construction industry.

DISSERTATION OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effectiveness of existing payment regulations and policies in supporting payment processing for SMEs in the construction industry.

To examine the potential of blockchain technology and smart contracts to address payment problems for SMEs in the construction industry.

To explore the factors influencing the adoption of a technology such as Blockchain into the construction industry.

Recommend strategies for stakeholders in the construction industry to adopt blockchain technology and smart contracts to improve payment processing systems.

METHODOLOGY

The research method undertaken for this dissertation will involve a mixed methods approach that mixes both qualitative and quantitative research. This approach consists of the collection of both numerical and nonnumerical data from various sources, such as surveys, interviews, and a literature review

Late payments and non-payments have a detrimental effect on the construction industry. This can lead to delays in project completion and increased costs. SMEs are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects, as they often have limited resources to absorb the impact of late of non-payments Overview of Survey Results 94.6%

% of survey that agree payment issues have caused delays or disruption to their organisations construction projects

Survey Questions

Familiarity with blockchain

21.6% 45.9%

Organization willing to adopt new technology in the past

96.4%

Agree that the construction industry would benefit from more streamlined and automated payment processes

72.9%

Manual or mostly manual payment processing systems used by organisation

51.4%

Payment delays resulting in significant financial strain

70.3%

Encountered pay-when-paid clauses in construction contracts

89.2%

Payment issues are a significant problem

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

Percentage of respondents

Blockchain inhibits beneficial potential to overhaul and address continued problems in the construction industry

Blockchain can create a tamper-proof and secure record of every transaction and movement of goods along the supply chain, including financial transactions.

Blockchain based smart contracts, stakeholders in the construction industry can create a transparent and secure system for automating payment processes and ensuring compliance with contract terms. Once the employer approves the progress payment, the smart contract automatically transfers the progress payment amount to the digital wallets of the contractor, subcontractors, and supplier based on the agreed-upon terms.

Leveraging the existing standards and regulations established for BIM data management, the construction industry can accelerate the adoption and implementation of blockchain technology.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

125

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Drivers & Barriers to Sustainable Earthworks Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Introduction:

Student name: Stephen Salvin

Student ID: S00220688

S00220688@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Donal Ryan

Literature Review

Methodology

To Establish the Drivers and Barriers to sustainable The focus in this report is to determine the main drivers and barriers to delivering sustainable earthworks on projects.

This is focussed on large scale infrastructure projects where the earthworks can be up to 30% of the contract value.

Aims & Objectives:

earthworks has taken place on the key elements of an

The methodology for the report, was a three tiered mixed

earthworks project.

methods approach.

Many of these aspects can then lead to sustainability wins and ultimately improve the CSR rating of the company.

•

Literature Review – Irish and international Standards, Papers, Journals, books, website data and case studies.

A review of specifications and the latest technology has

•

taken place to determine the most recent developments

Primary Data- information collected directly by the author on Earthworks and Earthworks management

and how significant they are to the industry.

from past projects.

The Aim is to review how design can be managed to make efficient use of available on site materials from design stage to pre-tender stage can provide the best economic solution and overall price for the project and the contractors.

The Reasons why technology can assist productivity in an

The objective of this study is to show that by proper planning and design consideration at tender stage can influence the winning and losing of the project.

were then investigated to come up with Conclusions, Gaps

•

ever-changing industry with resources having major

Secondary Data- Collection of information and data collected by others and utilised by the author

impact on the delivery of some of the large key capital

consisting of 5 semi structured interviews.

projects.

The main research was split into a form of questions that

•

was Qualitative.

and areas of further work • 1 - How are large infrastructure projects procured?

Due to the nature of the topic the majority of the data

In terms of quantitative data a questionnaire was issued to 50 People with a 66% response on this.

2 – How does moving of the Alignment to Achieve Cut Fill Balance.

3 - Mass Haul Analysis how does this this contribute to sustainable earthworks?

4 – How the Quality of Materials in the Cut/Fill operations impact the earthwork’s strategy?

5 – How and what Innovation can be used and how the reuse of materials using stabilisation techniques contribute to the earthworks strategy?

Conclusions and Recommendations This study concludes that the key to a successful earthworks project is having the Strategy right from the start.

This is from pre-construction to delivery and the preconstruction element if done properly can have significant gains on the ground.

The key is to have both the Client, the designer on the same page from the onset and early engagement with the contractor to provide the best solutions in technology, innovation and Value Engineering.

Correct Procurement and Contract choice to give value to all parties. ECI is a positive way forward.

References: BRITISH STANDARD , 2009. Code of practice for earthworks. In: BS6031. London: bsi group Handbook for Civil Engineers, 2004. Earthwork. America: McGraw-Hill Companies.

TII PUBLICATIONS, 2013. Specification for Road Works Series 600. MARCH 2013 ed. Dublin: TII. Naoum, 2012. Dissertation Research & Writing For Construction Students. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.

World Road Association, 2019. Earthworks Manual Design and Construction of Earth - Structures, France: World Road Association.

Gilbert, P. N. a. P., 2017. Earthworks. 2nd ed. London: ICE Publishing.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

ECI Poster Presentation Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Victor Mitchell

Student ID: S00196497

Student Email: S00196497@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Gary McGinty

I am a 4th year Construction Project Management student at ATU Sligo for my 4th year thesis I have decided to research Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) to determine whether it is beneficial to the design and construction processes of a construction project.

AIM The Aim of my thesis is to determine whether having the contractor involved early is beneficial to the design process and the construction process of a construction project

OBJECTIVES • To research Early Contractor Involvement as a procurement process, determine its advantages and disadvantages.

• To compare and contrast Early Contractor Involvement to other procurement processes.

RATIONALE The author decided to undertake this

research as there were little to no papers published on the topic about the Irish industry and it is clear that there is not enough knowledge about the topic in the Irish industry.

The author hopes to spread knowledge of the topic to those who are unaware and to broaden the knowledge of the industry

RESEARCH FINDINGS From the research conducted the author

It was found that ECI could greatly benefit the design and construction processes of a construction project as long as it is implemented correctly. It was also found that large contractors are the only ones using the method.

Widespread implementation of the technique throughout the country is essential to improving the industry and getting it to where it needs to be. Seminars and workshops for smaller contractors are needed to spread the knowledge of the technique and to help it grow

found.

• That traditional methods were too slow and archaic • That traditional methods tend to adverse and unsuccessful

• To research the relationship between the client and the contractor during the process.

• That traditional methods commonly led to time and cost over runs

• To analyse the procurement process from start to finish to determine its value.

• That traditional methods led to a lot of mistakes and rework on site

• To analyse the construction process to determine its value.

• That traditional methods often ended in dispute, claims and relationships on site breaking down

• To determine if Early Contractor Involvement is beneficial to the procurement and construction processes of a project.

• That ECI speeds up the design and construction processes

METHODOLOGY

• That ECI reduces mistakes and the need for rework

The author will be using a mixed methods approach to the thesis. The author will be using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research combined with a literature review and pilot study Literature Review Is where by information is gathered from previously published papers on the topic wrote by academics Qualitative Research This is where by information is gathered through semistructured, open ended interviews. The author conducted 6 interviews Quantitative Research Is where by information is gathered through questionnaires or surveys then analysed

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

• That ECI improved health and safety on site • That ECI promotes positive relationships and open communication on site • That ECI reduces time and cost and leaves the client overall more satisfied with the end product

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

127

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Constructing Round.

A comparative study of rectilinear and curvilinear construction.

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Justin Hawthorne

Student ID:S00201304

S00201304@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Enda Mc Tiernan

Introduction

Methodology

The construction industry must now address issues surrounding material wastage, energy usage and its ability to address circular economy. The following spurned the research topic;

• An extensive literature review of academic articles, published papers and journals.

• Qualitative Research in the form of three face to face, semi structured interviews with industry professionals • Quantitative Research in the form of a Likert scale survey (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) completed by 30 respondents

• Mathematically the circle has the shortest perimeter for a given area • For millenniums curvilinear form had been the only method of construction • The natural world utilises the circular form to maximise efficiencies and minimise wastage Would it not be logical to consider curvilinear structural form once again and by doing so the industry could improve upon the principles of lean and circular construction?

Aims & Objectives Research Aims

• To rationally without bias set out the pros and cons of curvilinear construction and to identify why this form has not become a common building method

Research Objectives

• To examine Curvilinear construction methods employed and reasons why it ceased in popularity.

• To discuss the logic of nature and survivability and how this can be used to improve efficiency and durability of construction.

• To explore the positives and negatives of curvilinear construction.

• To compare and contrast material usage, strength of structure and energy efficiency of both curvilinear and rectilinear construction.

Results

Past

• Curvilinear design ceased in popularity as a result of increased agriculture, globalisation & iron tooling leading to modularised construction material such as sawn lumber & clay bricks • Circular form increases potential solar gain and natural ventilation • Neurological benefits associated with curvilinear design • Difficulty in obtaining skilled labour and material availability • Mitigation of external sound transmission in curvilinear forms • Increased strength of structure due to spread point loads • Reduced wind loadings by over 50% in ‘roundhouse’ design • 15 -20% reduction in materials when built faceted • Perceived difficulty in furnishing • Future adaptive building associated with full curvilinear design

Present

Future?

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

Florida Faceted Design

Recommendation

Conclusions The results indicated that curvilinear design is a viable method of construction due to: • Increasing energy efficiency This is shown by improved air movement internally, less external wall area to floor and the ability to harness increased solar gain and natural ventilation passively • Improved whole life cost Although curvilinear form increases upfront costs data suggests that this is off set when considering a whole life approach • Material usage can be reduced by as much as 20% When adopting a modular faceted design particularly timber frame, materials can be reduced significantly compared to rectilinear design for a given floor area.

• Strength of structure Improved stability during high winds without increased engineering costs, spreading of point loads reduces likely hood of structural failure

The research raised advantages that are clearly beneficial to construction and the occupants within a building and also those externally. Some key areas for future investigation are :

“The architect Charles Deaton summed up architectural form by asserting “If people do not have angles, then we should not live in boxes”.

• Continued research in to the neurological benefits of curvilinear design in construction • Conduct acoustic modelling of both circular and faceted design with open and segregated layouts • Perform thermodynamic modelling in both circular and faceted design to provide data for analysis of energy performance • Whole life cost analysis to include design, build & future operating costs of circular and faceted design • Potential of faceted circular construction here in Ireland using locally sourced timber

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Energy Management in the Irish Commercial Sector Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Nathan Wray

Student ID: S00196751

S00196751@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Gary McGinty

Introduction

Energy – its conservation and management plays a crucial role in today’s world, powering our homes, businesses and industries. As the demand for energy continues to rise, we are faced with the growing challenge of conserving, and managing the valuable resource sustainably.

Commercial buildings and services accounted for 15.6% of Ireland’s energy consumption in 2021 (SEAI, 2022). The SEAI also noted that the commercial sector is one of the fastest growing energy consumers in Ireland, with a 32% increase in energy consumption from 2005 – 2019 (SEAI, 2020). This growth is primarily due to the expansion of the sector, and the increasing use of digital technologies in these buildings.

This research project focuses on exploring the energy usage, conservation and management practices of Irish commercial organizations. By investigating the factors that influence energy management decisions, the study will contribute to existing knowledge by identifying opportunities for improving energy efficiency, and reducing waste.

Results & Findings

The four interviews with industry experts provided a great insight into what practises they find work best, and what issues are present to commercial consumers of energy. Some of the data gathered from qualitative interviews includes:

▪ Regular measuring and monitoring of energy performance is crucial to reducing consumption and costs.

▪ Constant communication is essential to inspire energy-saving behaviour with stakeholders in an organization.

▪ All interviewees agreed that capital investment was a huge obstacle to the adaption of energy upgrades & retrofits.

▪ The interviewees agreed that Ireland is not optimizing the use of off-shore wind farms, especially along the West coast.

From this, the questionnaire gathered further data on these areas.

Some of the interesting answers are shown below: ▪ Only 13.6% of participating organizations are certified with ISO50001 – while 31.8% have never heard of the standard.

Yes – our organization is certified with ISO50001 Yes – our organization are currently pursuing this standard

Aim & Objectives

Yes – but our organization has not met this standard

The primary aim of this research project is to explore energy and its management across Irish commercial organizations.

▪ To determine the history of energy management, and how it has evolved with modern technologies.

▪ To analyse Energy Management Systems (EnMS), their utilization and how effective they are.

▪ To explore energy retrofit projects, and identifying barriers to their implementation.

▪ To assess the awareness and satisfaction with the international standard ISO50001.

Methodology

Mixed methods of research have been utilized for this project:

No – I have never heard of ISO50001

▪ 90.9% of participants do not agree that the Irish government are doing their best to reduce our carbon footprint.

Discussion & Conclusion

After analysing the data gathered from the interviews and questionnaire responses, this research project has identified the best practices for commercial energy consumers, and also some of the barriers which are preventing the widespread adoption of energy upgrades –

▪ Measuring and monitoring of energy consumption is essential in order to make improvements. The use of a building management system (BMS) has been greatly appraised for this reason.

Literature Review

Qualitative

Quantitative

▪ Firstly, a review of existing literature such as articles, books and publishments was undertaken to gather secondary data from existing knowledge on the topic.

▪ Next, four semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry experts to gather primary qualitative data for my research objectives.

▪ Finally, an online survey questionnaire was created and shared with more industry professionals to gather primary quantitative data on commercial energy.

▪ Capital investment is a huge barrier to the implementation of energy retrofits. There is not enough recognition of return-on-investments.

▪ Renewable energy sources (RES) are becoming more popular – especially solar panels.

However, Ireland are falling behind with offshore wind production, and this needs to be invested in going forward.

References Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland (2022). Energy Use Overview. [online] Government of Ireland.

Available at: https://www.seai.ie/data-and-insights/seai-statistics/key-statistics/energy-use-overview/.

Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (2020). Energy in Ireland - 2020 Report. [online] Government of

Ireland. Available at: https://www.seai.ie/publications/Energy-in-Ireland-2020.pdf.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

129

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Digitalization of Construction SMEs Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Mick Clare

Student ID: S00175196

S00175196@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Colin Harte

Introduction The objectives and aims of this dissertation are to assist in why there is a slow digitization implementation within construction SMEs and public bodies. The research question and a brief overview of the research methodology that was utilized to gather data on the particular research topic are shown in this poster presentation.

Aims The aim of this dissertation is to identify the barriers of Digital Adoption within SMEs and Public Bodies and how they maybe overcome.

The Construction sector lags behind all other sectors in terms of Digital adoption.

Objectives Identify and Analyse:

• Barriers Affecting Digital Adoption • Why is Digital Adoption within the construction industry so slow • Factors required for Digital innovation

Research Findings

Research Methodology

Survey Results

Qualitative • • •

Focus Groups – Group interaction to collect data Interviews – Conversational, Guided, open-ended and Fixed Response.

Document Analysis – Emails, Journals, Books, Reports and newspaper's

Quantitative • •

• •

Questionnaires or Surveys – Likert Scales used to measure opinions Document Screening - sourcing numerical data from financial reports or counting word occurrences Experiments - testing hypotheses Observations - counting the number of times a specific phenomenon occurs

Mixed Methods

• Integration of both Qualitative and Quantitative research • Enables Triangulation of data from two or more sources

Gaps and Actions

Barriers affecting Digital Adoption Within Construction SMEs • • • • • •

Cultural Change Access to Finance Poor levels of ICT Training Project Coordination Adopting Technology

Future Recommendations • • • • •

Broaden The search into Digital Adoption Incentives to overcome the barriers Planning process to be digitized Bridge the gaps by looking at other countries Further research into specific EU countries who had very successful Digitization adoption within Construction SMEs • Focus on fixing pain points • Implement Digital use cases that promote collaboration

Factors of Digital Innovation Within Construction SMEs Factors distinct to Digital Innovation • Company Resources • Project Based Conditions • Client and End user • Industry Network • Regulatory Climate

Challenges to implementing Digital Adoption within the Construction industry • • • • •

The fragmented nature of the industry The lack of Knowledge and training The unwillingness to change or learn new concepts The lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities The distribution of Benefits

Acknowledgements Thanks to the guidance from my Supervisor and Course Coordinator.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

2. AIMS & OBJECTIVES

1. INTRODUCTION

•

The Adoption of the Modern Methods of Construction and Modular

•

run. Modern Project Managers will require a new set of skills to efficiently

To discuss the MMC, Modular Construction and Off-site manufacturing methods

manage these new projects. This research aims to discover what new skills the modern PM will need and how the MMC and Modular

•

Construction will affect the construction industry.

To research the impacts of these new construction strategies on Project Managers

•

The adoption of off-site manufacturing has also raised fears that the

To use a mixed-method approach including a literature review, to establish the new roles and duties of the Project Manager involved in

construction industry may have a lesser need for trade-qualified

projects using MMC, Modular and OSM.

operatives. The manufacturing industry may no longer need highly skilled •

tradespeople, as the repetitive nature of off-site manufacturing of modular units would not require it.

Participants roles from the survey

To establish a baseline for the roles and responsibilities of a Project Manager involved in projects using traditional construction methods.

Methods of Construction have changed the way construction sites are

To use the research to make recommendations for new skills required by a modern Project Manager.

Soft skills required by a PM

Level of experience in the industry

3.METHODOLOGY

4. DISCUSSION

A mixed-method approach was taken involving qualitative and quantitative research.

The research found that the role of the Project Manager has changed. The modern PM taking control of MMC and Modular led construction projects has a higher level of responsibility placed on them. Their role has become one where they are expected to manage the project, have input from an early stage with the design team, manage financial matters and value engineer systems.

Interviews were carried out to establish the duties of a Project Manager before the widespread adoption of MMC. By setting a baseline, the research could then set out to see how much the roles and responsibilities have changed, if at all.

Quantitative research was carried out with the assistance of industry professionals and experienced Project Managers.

They are also tasked with motivating the team and forming and cultivating relationships with specialist vendors, manufacturing operatives and supply chain managers.(Dasi et Al – 2021) There are similarities in the research between the findings of the interview stage and the literature review. The traditional PM, who would walk the site every day and return progress reports from the foremen to the company, the PM who would “get on their tools” to make sure a project was completed are being moved on.

This is not necessarily a bad thing though, as the new breed of highly skilled project managers can take responsibility and ensure projects are completed by using intelligent and well-thought-out strategies and site-processes. (Searson & Esposito – 2022)

5. RESULTS & FINDINGS The findings in the qualitative and quantitative research have a direct correlation in this research. The interviewees presented their opinions on the role of a traditional PM. This was a hands-on role managing daily tasks and working at the coalface to complete projects.

The interviewees then elaborated on their ideas of what they expected to see and require from a PM on a large-scale project using MMC or Modular Construction. The responsibility of the modern PM, from the findings of this research appears to be less hands-on and will require more soft skills. The PM will need to develop relationships with supply chain managers and off-site manufacturing managers.

This was supported by the quantitative research in which survey participants suggested that they would need skills such as patience and empathy, or public speaking and motivational training. The literature from more modern journals also aligned with these posited ideas.

The research suggests that MMC led projects will present a new set of challenges for Project Managers that will need to be further educated and have higher responsibilities during the project lifecycle.

131

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Enhancing productivity within construction industry through lean concepts Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Shane Lavelle

Student ID: S00208856

S00208856@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Paul Hamilton

Text or Image Area

Titles (Halyard Display Medium Size 36pt) Light Blue in colour Text or Image Area Text can vary in size depending on content

Text or Image Area

Text can vary in size depending on content Remove pink box

Text can vary in size depending on content Remove pink box

Remove pink box

Associated Logos

Associated Logos

Image Area or Text All images and Logos should be supplied as High Resolution 300dpi CMYK JPEGs

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

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2023

133

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Analysing the Importance of Production versus Safety in Construction Relating to Company Profits Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: VITALIE EREMIA

Student ID: S00220452

S00220452@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Donal Ryan

Justification for the research

Introduction

Analysing production and safety in construction, which are the most important procedures in the company’s profits, mistakes in those steps lead to one outcome the company loses money, which is why project managers must focus on increasing the efficiency of their projects. Improving productivity can have unforeseen impacts, such as a decline in safety, and consequences like an increase in accidents if too much attention is placed on it. The aim is to identify the weaknesses and strengths between productivity and safety in construction and identify the company's profits or losses.



Interview Results Results from Quantitative: Q24. Would you like to add any other ideas to this research?

Answer: - Company insurance and personnel liability are the most important documentation for the construction industry. Risk must be quantified and dealt with care.

- Covid definitely has impacted site delivery dates of materials. What would have usually taken approximately 4 weeks, ended up taking 810 weeks. Also, alternative plant, equipment, and materials had to be proposed for Design Team approval because previous products were no longer available.

Compare the performance of productivity and strategies of implementation.

Highlight whether the characteristics of the client have a significant effect on project performance.



Comparing the survey completed and interviews conducted could be seen that Safety in construction is not the issue compared to company profits loss but may be the reason that production is slightly reduced due to the Risk of being injured trying to increase productivity.

Aims and Objectives

safety in construction projects and different



During the research process, analysing all kinds of issues related to Productivity Safety and Profits can be identified from Q6, 50-75% agree that all projects have an extended construction time also face to face interviews in Q27 prove that around 80% are the percentage rate to finishing the project on time. Qualitative question, 27. What percentage of completed projects were on time?

The answer, A programmed rate of 80%.

Analise safety in construction and compare how productivity is affected.



Conclusions

Uncover whether the designer's changes affect project performance and how late changes affect productivity and safety.

Qualitative

Methodology

Mixed Method

1. Literature review

65 no academic journals were reviewed - Construction Management - Analysis of the MultiRelationships and Their Structures for Safety Culture - Ways to increase productivity is knowledge, for example, Training - Unexperienced Supervision - Planning - Resource Scheduling - Safety Behaviour Measurement and regulations - Highlight whether the characteristics of the client have a significant effect on project performance.

Quantitative

3. Online questionnaire

28 response

2. Semi-structured interviews

-

-

The questionnaire contains 24 questions, which have been composed of insufficient data analysis in order to gather actual information.

In-person site interviews with Construction professionals were completed.

Including Contracts Managers, Quantity Surveyor, Safety Officers, and Projects Managers.

24 No. Multiple-choice questions

Survey results proving also that the language barrier is a significant factor in safety and production, by simply viewing the chart, the section: agrees and strongly agrees can be seen: 77.7 % is a major issue.

3.7% Strongly Disagree 4.7 % Disagree 11.1% Neutral

Findings

Analysing each result could be seen that not only Site Safety Roles may impede productivity but Design Changes, Planning, and Poor Management.

Late information is a big contributor to safety and production issues also, the weather is a major factor that leads to safety and profits attention. Personnel motivation is critical to all three factors: SITE SAFETY ROLES PRODUCTIVITY and PROFITS. Design Change Communication / Collaboration Poor Management Late Information Unforeseen weather change Personnel Motivation

Recommendations

51.9 % Strongly agreed that late information is a major issue for all three factors, and 37% Agree to the same issue meaning that overall we have 88.9 % of the Site’s issues are LATE INFO. Only 3.7% of the categories Strongly Disagree, Disagree, and Neutral.

In order to achieve a project that makes a profit and has zero accidents limited risk taken and increased productivity many factors contribute to all this happening we have to implement constant training for personnel to motivate, also, need to have a good understanding of Site Safety roles.

Experienced managers and good Company safety behavior. Relation between managers and the working person needs to be both ways this way we can eliminate all the ambiguity in the Construction Industry.

References

AmirMohammadi, a. M. (2020). Identifying safety archetypes of construction workers using system dynamics and content analysis. Safety Science.

Abdel-Wahab, M., Dainty, A., Ison, S., Bowen, P., & Hazlehurst, G. (2008). Trends of skills and productivity in the UK Construction Industries. Engineering Construction Architectural Management, 372-382.

Awad S. Hanna, C. K. (2008). Impact of shift work on labor productivity for the labor-intensive contractor.

Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 197-204.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

The effects Government Policies and Covid-19 have had on the Irish residential sector.

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Dylan Donlon

Student ID: S00198177

S00198177@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Gary McGinty

Background 2008 End of Celtic Tiger

• Severe economic decline in the construction sector • Lack of policy around provision of Housing

Research Findings Obstacles to Social Housing Delivery 40% of participants feel as though the government are failing in delivering social housing. Due to; 1. Insufficient Planning Permission Process

2016 Rebuilding Ireland

• First long-term Housing Strategy • Fails to meet annual targets

2021 Housing for All

• Covid-19 constraints • Failing to meet annual targets

Aims & Objectives •

Explore government strategies implemented to tackle

2. Bureaucratic Obstacles 3. Lack of funding 4. Strict Spending code for government funding.

Issues facing Building Contractors/ Developers Covid 19 had varying effects on construction companies. Some feel it had no effect. Consensus is that recent Housing Strategies are not doing enough for Contractors/Developers.

• •

the provision of Housing in Ireland • Identify the effectiveness of these explored strategies

• •

Planning Permission system number 1 constraint.

Conflicts between National Planning Framework and Local Authorities – Lack of consistency 30% of building cost in taxation and red tape.

Labour Force & Supply Chain

prior to Covid.

• Identify the current state of the Housing market and what are the constraints faced by developers and government.

• Determine what needs to improve in order to meet the demand for housing in Ireland.

Methodology Literature Review: The literature review serves as a foundation for both the quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis, by providing a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge and research on the topic. By using a mixed methods approach, a more complete and nuanced understanding of research topic can be attained.

Mixed Methods The pursuit of a mixed methods research approach was adopted by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The exploration of both methods was to allow the gathering of nuanced data that captures the complexity of the research aims and objectives.

Qualitative: 4 Semi-Structured interviews with industry professionals form part of the qualitative research methods used in the study.

Quantitative:

An online questionnaire forms part of the quantitative research methods used in the study. The questionnaire allows for the mix of industry related participants and the general public by allowing them to be categorized.

Conclusions Has Covid impacted the delivery of Housing?

When Covid-19 restrictions were implemented, forcing construction sites to cease operations, it had a knock-on effect in relation to supply chain issues and workforce.

• One housing developer claimed covid had no effect on the company's ability to deliver projects but forced them to look at their supply chain differently.

• Another developer felt it had a huge impact, leaving them running at “half capacity” due to the entering and exiting of lockdowns.

• The supply and price of materials was something that hindered 3/4 interviewees in delivering projects. With one Tier 1 contractor claiming “inflationary pressures (on materials) made some projects, particularly apartment developments, struggle in terms of viability Are current government policies insufficient?

The research shows the only way to increase housing supply is to address the issues surrounding government policies. According to developers/contractors, recent policies like Croi Conaithe and Housing for All are doing a reasonable job, but issues around planning permissions are majorly hindering companies' abilities to deliver houses. “The planning system is not fit for purpose.” – Interview B With the demand for Housing set to grow over the coming years, resolving these issues is vital in order to tackle the affordability and availability of housing.

30% of the cost to build a house is taken by government through taxation. According to contractors and developers interviewed, addressing the VAT rate is something that can impact the affordability of Housing positively.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

135

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Aaron Shanagher

Student ID: S00196383

S00196383@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Mel Casserly

ABSTRACT Modular timber framed construction has gained popularity in Ireland due to its numerous advantages such as rapid construction, costeffectiveness, and sustainability. This research dissertation aims to examine the current state of modular timber framed construction in Ireland, focusing on its benefits and challenges, as well as the regulatory framework surrounding its use. The study will also explore the potential of modular timber framed construction to address the housing crisis in Ireland, especially in terms of its ability to increase the speed of construction and lower building costs. The findings of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the feasibility and potential of modular timber framed construction in Ireland.

Project Aim

To Investigate whether or not Modular timber Framed Construction is a driver or aid to modern methods of Construction in Ireland

Methodology

Study Design: Qualitative and quantitative through interviews and Questionnaire.

Sample Population: Anyone working or Studying in the Construction Industry Responses: 54 Responses on questionnaire and three interviews with working professionals within the country industry

Main Benefits -

Results

Main Drawbacks -

main benefits of modular construction in Ireland, as perceived by the respondents, are cost savings and time savings. Both benefits received the highest number of responses, with 61.1% of respondents selecting each option.

Irish Government Indicatives -

By implementing these measures, the Irish government can help reduce the barriers to entry for companies interested in using modular construction and promote the benefits of this construction method.

How could Modular Timber Frame help with the housing crisis -

It is evident that the main drawbacks of modular construction in Ireland are higher upfront costs, transportation and logistics, and limited design options, as indicated by the relatively high count of responses for these options Modular Vs Traditional construction in terms of energy efficacy

Factors such as the materials used, the construction process, and the finished building's performance should be evaluated to determine whether modular construction is more or less energy-efficient than traditional construction.

Results from Interviews with working Professionals –

modular construction has the potential to address the housing crisis in Ireland by providing faster, more cost-effective, and more affordable housing options.

-Up to 50% on time saving of onsite Construction -Ability to produce and reproduce standard Modules effectively -Constant advancements within this sector of Construction -High Standard of quality and sustainability within the builds using ISO ratings -All trades Located in the one Factory -Environmentally friendly use of material -Less waste than Traditional construction -Benefits out weigh the drawbacks

Conclusion

In conclusion, modular timber framed construction is a highly sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective building method that is gaining popularity in Ireland. With the numerous benefits it offers, such as reduced construction time, enhanced energy efficiency, and improved indoor air quality, it is no surprise that more and more developers are turning to this method. As Ireland continues to push towards a more sustainable future, modular timber framed construction will undoubtedly play a significant role in achieving that goal.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

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ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞLJ group’s ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ŽŶ ŚŽǁ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐLJ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ ǁŚĞŶ ĐŚŽŽƐŝŶŐ Ă ŚŽƵƐĞ ƚŽ ůŝǀĞ ŝŶ͘

ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞLJ group’s ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ŽŶ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞLJ ĨĞĞů ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ Ă ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞ ŝŶ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ

&ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐ͕ / ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƚƌĞŶĚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŵ Ăůů͘ &ŝƌƐƚůLJ ƚŚĞLJ Ăůů ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ /Ɛ Ă ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĚŽŶĞ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŝŶ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ͘ dŚĞLJ ĚŽ ĨĞĞů ĂƐ Ă ƉƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚŝƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĞĚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŚŽƵƐĞƐ͘ dŚĞLJ ĂůƐŽ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ĨĂĐƚŽƌLJ ƐĞƚƚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŶ ĨŝŶŝƐŚĞĚ ŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ͘ KE >h^/KE^ Θ Z KDD E d/KE^ dŽ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĐůĞĂƌ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ Ă ƉƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ƚŝŵďĞƌ ĨƌĂŵĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŝŶ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ͘ WƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ Ă ǁĂLJ ŽĨ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ďƵŝůĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ĨĂƐƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶƚ͘ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŚŽŵĞƐ ƚŽ Ă ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ĂůƐŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŚŽƵƐĞƐ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ďĞƚƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĞůƉƐ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ Ireland’s ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ŐŽĂůƐ͘

WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͗ ^Đ ;,ŽŶƐͿ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ WƌŽũĞĐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚƵůĞ͗ ŝƐƐĞƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ Yh^hϬϴϬϮϯ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŚĂŝƌ͗ ͘ ůĂƌŬĞ ,ĂŐĂŶ ĂŶŝĞů͘ĐůĂƌŬŚĂŐĂŶΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

137

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Can older building stock be brought to The same performance levels as modern builds?

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Patrick McGovern

Student ID: S00196230

student@email.address: S00196230@mail.itsligo.ie

Supervisor name: Enda McTiernan

Abstract

This dissertation examines the possibility of modernising older buildings. The study has five goals: First, to analyse the policy context of retrofitting in Ireland; second, to investigate the most energy-efficient building materials used for retrofitting; third, to critically appraise renewable heating and lighting energy systems; fourth, to test airtightness in a build and how to achieve a better BER rating; and finally, to evaluate the affordability and long-term savings of retrofitting.

This research uses documentary research, examining existing literature.

This study shows that upgrading existing buildings improves end-user experience and brings older structures up to modern performance standards. Energy-efficient building materials and renewable energy technologies are becoming more popular in the construction sector.

Airtightness in retrofitted buildings improves BER ratings and energy efficiency.

Methodology

Project aim

Study approach: Qualitive and quantitative through interviews and questionnaire.

This dissertation examines the technical, economical, and social problems of upgrading older buildings for energy efficiency and sustainability. The study will identify retrofitting project challenges and solutions to overcome them. The dissertation analyses successful retrofitting case studies and draws on several theoretical frameworks to provide policymakers, building owners, and other stakeholders with sustainable and energy-efficient construction advice.

Population sample: self build people, people working or studying in the construction area.

Response: 66 responses on questionnaire. three interviews with Working professionals where their work is based on the topic.

Survey Results

Results showing if the survey participants are familiar with the governments grant scheme to restore old houses in Ireland

Results showing if the participants would or not take into account the passive house standard that results into ultra-low energy buildings with high levels of occupant comfort when building

Interview results From interviewing the relevant working professionals there were several tendencies that emerged with them during the interviews I conducted with them.

Results showing if the participants think using old building stock is a viable solution to the housing crisis in Ireland

Results showing if the participants would opt to renovating old building stock apposed to new builds.

First of all, they all agreed that one benefit of renovating existing stock is that you don’t need planning permission to renovate an existing building, planning could take years otherwise, clearly demonstrating savings in both money and time.

They also remarked that the quality and durability of the materials used in older building stock can provide a sense of character and charm that is difficult to replicate with modern building materials.

Conclusion

In conclusion, retrofitting old building stock is a more sustainable, cost-effective, and responsible solution than building new. By upgrading and improving existing buildings, we can achieve the same performance levels as modern builds, while preserving cultural heritage and minimizing environmental impact. Retrofitting also offers a solution to the shortage of affordable housing in urban areas, as older buildings can be repurposed and refurbished to meet modern housing needs. Moreover, renovating older buildings does not always require planning permission, making the process quicker and more straightforward. In summary, retrofitting is a viable and practical approach to creating a more sustainable, liveable, and resilient built environment.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Wind Energy as a Green Alternative Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Brian Kelly

Student ID: S00179486

S00179486@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Paul Hamilton

Introduction

Results

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the use of sustainable energy production methods and to compare it against fossil fuel energy production.

The results obtained from the questionnaire show as follows Q - Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar power are essential.

Electricity is a vital component in our lives, with our dependency growing even further with the introduction of heat pumps in new homes and the removal of oil-burning heating systems.

Electricity prices have been steadily rising, it is important to produce energy at low costs which will, in turn, reduce the consumer’s bill.

Q - Would you be willing to pay slightly higher energy bills to support the development of wind energy in Ireland?

Pictured below is Oweninny wind farm in County Mayo.

Q - Do you think the Irish government should invest more in wind energy?

Discussion of Results

Objectives The objectives of this dissertation were to : •

Explore alternative methods of energy production

•

Investigate wind energy as a primary source of energy production

•

Compare the current methods of energy production

•

Prove or disprove that wind energy is in fact a green alternative capable of meeting the ever-growing energy demands of Ireland.

Methodology

A mixed methodology approach has been used for the purpose of this dissertation. Interviews have been completed with industry professionals in the energy sector.

Fifty questionnaires have been completed using a sample from the general population. This sample was made up of individuals with varying levels of education and various professions.

Using this sample population allowed the researcher to gain an insight into the viewpoints of the general population as energy production affects us all.

Graph 1 shows that 98% of participants believe that renewable energy methods are essential as fossil fuel production methods are not renewable Graph 2 depicts that 68% of participants are not willing to pay higher energy bills to facilitate the construction of more wind farms with a further 16% unsure.

Graph 3 indicates that the participants believe more investment is required by the government in the wind energy sector. 89.8% agreed.

Each interviewee was hopeful for the future of sustainable energy practices but firmly believed massive investment is needed to reach the targets set by the government.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Major investment is needed in wind farms to produce energy at a large scale to keep up with the ever-increasing demand of Ireland.

Government organisations need to be more efficient in granting planning permission for wind farms which currently is the longest part of the process.

The construction of offshore wind farms is recommended as there will be fewer planning permission implications and Ireland has a massive footprint offshore.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

139

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

The Impacts Of Using Modern Surveying Methods During The Pre-Construction & Building Phases Of a Construction Project Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student Name: Brenndan Eason S00241164@atu.ie

Student ID: S00241164 Supervisor Name: Enda McTiernan

Research Findings

Introduction • Surveying can be defined as “techniques and

• The use of new technologies, such as GPS, LiDAR, and drones, has improved the

technologies used for mapping, measuring, and

accuracy, efficiency, and overall execution of construction projects.

analyzing land, structures, and natural features.”

• Concerns surrounding human error and lost survey data when transferring

• Modern surveying methods were developed to address the limitations of traditional methods to help increase accuracy, efficiency, and cost savings.

• Modern survey methods refer to advanced techniques and technologies.

information from paper to digital formats underscore the need for improved data management and transfer processes when using traditional survey methods.

• Professionals in the construction industry largely agree that modern surveying methods are essential during the pre-construction and building phases of a project leading to enhanced efficiency and reduced costs in comparison to older methods.

• The industry's acknowledgment of traditional surveying methods' value and

Aims & Objectives

limitations indicates a growing appreciation for the benefits of modern

• Compare the performance, and cost of projects completed

techniques.

• The advancements in technology have influenced the way projects are planned

using Modern vs. Traditional methods.

• Investigate if modern survey methods have a significant

and executed, with a notable shift from 2D to 3D designs, more accurate site

effect on the planning phase.

boundary determination, and up-to-date pre-construction information.

• Determine if modern survey methods have a significant effect on the building phase.

• Establish the advantages and disadvantages of modern and traditional survey methods.

Methodology • An extensive literature review of previously published papers, journals, and academic articles.

• Quantitative Research in the form of a questionnaire with a Likert Scale used. (1=Strongly Disagree; 5=Strongly Agree) •Qualitative Research in the form of a semi structured interview with three industry professionals.

Conclusion & Recommendations • Modern surveying methods significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy,

Pre-Construction Surveying

and speed of a construction project.

Building Surveying

• Professionals widely embrace these techniques, including drones, for remote monitoring and project management.

• Recommendations include adopting these modern methods for enhanced design accuracy, reduced manpower, and efficient data delivery, while acknowledging traditional methods for their reliability.

• Further research should focus on specific types of modern methods used in construction based on their accuracy, and impact on costs and project timelines. Additional research could also be conducted to determine how smaller firms could gain access to more expensive modern methods.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

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ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŝǀŝů ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ Θ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ^ĐŚŽŽů ŽĨ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞƐŝŐŶ

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^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĞŵĂŝů͗ ^ϬϬϮϯϮϲϴϯΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ŶĂŵĞ͗ ŽŶĂů ZLJĂŶ

<'ZKhE E /EdZK h d/KE dŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ĂƌĞ͗

• dŚĞ h ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ϳϱй ŽĨ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ ZĞĂƐŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƚŝĂů ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ building stock are either built in prior to1990’s and almost half are preͲ1960’s, and it will take 100 years to ƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƐƚŽĐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŽŶůLJ ĂďŽƵƚ ϭй ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞdžŝƐƚŝŶŐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ŝƐ ƌĞŶŽǀĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚ ĂŶŶƵĂůůLJ͘ ŶĚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞdžŝƐƚŝŶŐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ Ɛƚŝůů ŽĨĨĞƌ Ă ŚƵŐĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ĨŽƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƐĂǀŝŶŐƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĚĞŵŽůŝƚŝŽŶ͕ ĚĞĞƉ ƌĞƚƌŽĨŝƚƚŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ƐĂǀĞ ϯϲй ŽĨ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƵƐĂŐĞ ďLJ ϮϬϯϬ ;WĂǀĞů Θ ůĂŐŽĞǀĂ͕ ϮϬϭϴͿ͘ • In order to meet the EU’s energy efficiency standards, Europe must prioritize on retrofitting of already existing ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ƐĂǀĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĂŶĚ ĐƵƚ ĚŽǁŶ ĐŽƐƚ ŽŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶƐ ;Hejtmánek, P. et al. 2019).

• ůƐŽ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶLJ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƐƚŽĐŬƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ Ĩŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ: historical buildings, offices, residences, warehouses, and many more. And upgrading these existing buildings is a strategy to reduce the need for new construction of building which can make the environment more friendly. The author also agrees that upgrading these already existing buildings especially homes should be encouraged because existing building stock out numbers new building stocks ( Khari et al. 2017).

d, WhZWK^ K& d, Z ^ Z , • dŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͕ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ŽĨĨƐŝƚĞ ƉƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ŵŽĚƵůĂƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƚƌŽĨŝƚƚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ĞdžŝƐƚŝŶŐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ͘

• Ɛ Ă ŶĞǁ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĐŚĂŝŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͘

:h^d/&/ d/KE &KZ d, Z ^ Z , ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ ŽĨ ŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ZĞƚƌŽĨŝƚ͕ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŶĞƌŐLJ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ŽĨ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ ; ^ /Ϳ͕ ƌ ŝĂƌĂŶ LJƌŶĞ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͕ ďLJ ϮϬϯϬ ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ /ƌŝƐŚ ŚŽŵĞƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ũŽƵƌŶĞLJ ŚĂƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ďĞŐƵŶ͘ dŚŝƐ ƌĞĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨĨĞƌƐ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ ůŽŶŐͲterm opportunity for the Ireland’s construction industry, for those already in the ƌĞƚƌŽĨŝƚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ LJĞƚ ƚŽ ũŽŝŶ͘ ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ŽĨĨĞƌƐ ĂŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ Ă ŶĞǁ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĐŚĂŝŶƐ ƚŽ ŐƌŽǁ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŵĂƌŬĞƚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ ŶĚ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĐŚĂŝŶ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ĐĞĂƐĞ ƚŽ ĞdžŝƐƚ ďƵƚ ŐƌŽǁ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ƚŚĂƚ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ;DD Ϳ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŽĨĨƐŝƚĞ ƉƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ Žƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŵŽĚƵůĂƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĐŚĂŝŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƵƚŝůŝnjŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚĞĚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ŵŽĚƵůĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƌĞƚƌŽĨŝƚƚŝŶŐ Žƌ ĞŶǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ĞdžŝƐƚŝŶŐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĂƐ Ă ĚŽƵďůĞ ƐŬŝŶ ĨĂĕĂĚĞ ŝŶ /ƌĞůĂŶĚ͘

WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͗ ^Đ ;,ŽŶƐͿ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶ WƌŽũĞĐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚƵůĞ͗ ŝƐƐĞƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ Yh^hϬϴϬϮϯ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŚĂŝƌ͗ ͘ ůĂƌŬĞ ,ĂŐĂŶ ĂŶŝĞů͘ĐůĂƌŬŚĂŐĂŶΛĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

ĂƚƵ͘ŝĞ

141

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Research Title Renewable Energy Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Patrick Scahill

Student ID:S00242685

student@email.address S00242685@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Colin Harte

Introduction 





Discussion

Many countries, including Ireland, have prioritized the transition to renewable energy sources Because the government of Ireland committed to the Paris agreement to reduce greenhouse gases and the use of fossil fuels. This is important because when fossil fuels are burned, significant volumes of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, are released into the Department of Civil & Construction atmosphere. Fossil fuels Engineering are generated by the breakdown of buried carbon-based creaturesof that died millions of years ago. They produce carbon-rich deposits, which are School Engineering and Design mined and burnt for energy. They are non-renewable and now supply around 80% of the world's energy. They are also used to create plastic, steel, and a variety of other items.

Coal, oil and gas are the three forms of fossil fuel. (Client Earth Communications, 2022).

Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, which contributes to global warming.

Already, the average global temperature has risen by 1 degree Celsius. Warming exceeding 1.5°C threatens additional sea-level rise, extreme weather, biodiversity loss, and species extinction, as well as worsening health and poverty for millions of people throughout the world. This is important because we produced electricity by burning fossil fuel so in the interest of our people and future we must change our approach to generate power.

In recent years Ireland has made significant progress in promoting renewable energy including the adoption of the 2030 climate action plan which set a target of achieving 70% renewable electricity by 2030.

 Other energy sources, such as solar, are acknowledged to play a significant part in the future decarbonised energy mix. Solar technology deployment in Ireland is aimed at diversifying the country's renewable power mix during a 10-year period between 2020 and 2030, with a special emphasis on cost efficiency and efficacy. (Energy Ireland landscape white 2022 landscape, 2019)  Currently Irelands renewable energy produces roughly 40% of our energy, but our reliance on fossil fuels needs to be dealt with as we all know this is not a sustainable practice.  With more investment in renewable energy, we can and will hit 100%.  During a recent visit to Ireland, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stated that the country is on its way to becoming an EU clean energy superpower.  Currently Irelands renewable energy produces roughly 40% of our energy, but our reliance on fossil fuels needs to be dealt with as we all know this is not a sustainable practice. With more investment in renewable energy we can and will hit 100%.

Aims / Objectives

Greener planet

Wind and wave energy are two of the most promising renewable energy sources due to the country's location on the Atlantic Ocean. Wind energy is already a wellestablished source of renewable energy in Ireland, with wind turbines accounting for 36.4% of Ireland's electricity generation in 2020.

1. Research the factors surrounding the increased in demand on renewable energy systems.

2. Evaluate the current state of Ireland 3 primary renewables plus the potential for growth.

.

3. Environmental impact on renewable energy sources on ecosystems greenhouses gas emissions, impact on marine wildlife.

4. The effectiveness of wind and wave energy, as well as solar panels, in meeting Ireland's renewable energy targets.

5. What is the driving force behind the price of electricity. .

Conclusion Department of Civil Engineering Results & Construction School of Engineering and Design

The discovery makes several points;  There is still a lot of work to be done in order to meet the Paris agreement's target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.  The main point is that the planning phase for wind and solar farms takes far too long through Bord Pleanála.  The connection to the main power grid requires improvement.

73% have no renewables

 Tidal wind farms require significant funding to be established, and ports for vessels to work on these deep-water wind farms must be further developed. Many are still underdeveloped.  The price of gas it tied to the price of electricity.

References . (Client Earth Communications, 2022)

32.3% have disagree

(Energy Ireland landscape white 2022 landscape, 2019)

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Understanding the Affordable Housing Shortages Across Ireland and Ontario while Comparatively Analyzing the Designated Schemes Developments and Implementation Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Meghan Hasselfelt

Student ID: S00241150

S00241150@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Colin Harte

Analyses

Introduction The most basic way to indicate whether a country has an adequate amount of housing is access. The issue of access is often closely related to the issue of affordability.

❖ Housing for All lays out the governments plan to increase housing supply to roughly 33,000 per year by 2030. Based off the housing starts statistics, the Irish government was unable to meet the yearly target in 2022

The Government of Ontario established a Task Force to develop a report called Ontario Housing Affordability Task Force report. The 2022 report sets out ambitious goals and recommendations for new housing developments across Ontario to combat the crisis at hand.

Conditions Exacerbating the Crisis in Ireland ❖ There are many conditions that are contributing to the affordable housing crisis in Ireland: Material cost increase, supply chain shortages, labour shortages and costs, utility cost increase, COVID-19, Brexit, and the conflicts between Russia and the Ukraine, immigration increase

The Irish government has a comparable report called the Housing for All scheme that was released in 2021. The scheme lays out guidelines that will be followed to lift Ireland out of the current housing markets state and carry it into a new age of affordability and availability.

Although the scheme has been implemented in Ireland and the recommendations have been reviewed and some have been accepted in Ontario, there are still issues that have been highlighted within each locations government that need to be evaluated, including their housing policies, challenges of scheme implementation at local levels, red tape and bureaucracy.

Research Aims and Objectives The aim of this dissertation is to research and understand the true affects the housing crisis has had on Ireland and Ontario. To explore the affordable housing schemes created by each government and see what is being done to mitigate the situation while comparing the two schemes to one another. The goal is to understand Ireland and Ontario’s implementation of their schemes and see where any challenges may lye.

1. Develop a greater understanding of the Ontario Housing Affordability Task Force Report and Irelands Housing for All Scheme.

2. Evaluate the many factors contributing to why both Ireland and Ontario are struggling to supply a sufficient number of homes in reasonable time.

3. Perform a comparative analysis of the two affordable housing schemes to develop an understanding of why each government has created these schemes and identify the factors of how they are proceeding with it in finding the similarities and differences between both.

4. Develop an understanding of local and municipal involvement in the schemes.

5. Identify the challenges and red tape around the implementation of the scheme and recommendations.

Methodology

Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are necessary for this thesis. Mixed methods research resides in the idea that all methods have a bias and a weakness, and that the collection from both forms of data can neutralize the weaknesses.

Literature Review - Information collected by utilizing information from government documents, journals, articles, and other academic sources

Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research

- Collected through 5 - Collected through a questionnaire, semi-structured consisting of 30 interviews with questions, sent out to relevant industry a semi-controlled officials sample of relevant participants

❖ Housing for All has created pillars to follow that will aid the Irish government in increasing housing supply, provide affordability homes, provide land for development, delivery programs for local authorities, funding programs, incentives, and innovative methods of development ❖ The objective of the Task Force is to construct 1.5 million homes in ten years, which would roughly be 150,000 homes a year. Based off the housing starts statistics, Ontario was unable to meet the yearly target in 2022 Conditions Exacerbating the Crisis in Ontario ❖ There are many conditions that are contributing to the affordable housing crisis in Ireland: Material cost increase, supply chain shortages, labour shortages and costs, COVID-19, interest and mortgage rate increase, immigration increase, approval processes ❖ The affordability Task Force has created 55 recommendations that can be utilized by the Ontario government to increase housing supply, provide affordable home prices, reduce development fees, provide land for development, adjust zoning by-laws, and cutting red tape to build faster

Qualitative and Quantitative Results ❖ The specific processes of implementation and approval of the Ontario report and the Irish scheme ❖ Challenges faced during the implementation of the schemes and recommendations ❖ The municipal and local authority involvement in the schemes ❖ Red tape and bureaucracy found in government policy and administration ❖ Challenges the governments face while dealing with an ever-changing issue like affordable housing ❖ Governments plans for future growth and monitoring success ❖ Participants suggestions for growth and development in the affordable housing crisis ❖ “It was like a cross section of a rock formation, that, you know, government after government just adds another layer initiatives without ever changing the structure. And therefore, the problems remain the same.” – Eoin O Broin

Recommendations ❖ The Irish government needs to ensure that all counties are seeing the same favourable outcome of the provisions in places to ensure that Ireland can continue moving in the right direction of success and growth in its housing industry. ❖ Recommendations for the Irish government to remove the barriers placed around the local authorities to see better housing delivery results and creating the right investment levels ❖ To ensure that the Ontario government enacts the necessary legislative changes around the land and development fees to incentives developers to start building and reaching the 1.5 million homes target

References Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage (2022) “Vacant Property Refurbishment Grant: Croí Cónaithe (Towns) Fund.”

Dublin: Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

Russell, H. et al. (2021) “Monitoring Adequate Housing in Ireland.”

Dublin: The Economic and Social Research Institute and the Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission.

Wilkes, D. et al. (2022) “Report of the Ontario Housing Affordability Task Force.” Toronto: Government of Ontario.

Creswell, J.W. (2014) Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approach. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Department of the Taoiseach (2022) “Housing for All Q2 2022 Progress Report.” Dublin: Government of Ireland.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of Project Management in Industrialized Residential Construction.

Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Ke Yang

Student ID: S00220685

Student email address: S00220685@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Donal Ryan

BACKGROUND& INTRODUCTION

AIM& OBJECTIVES

- Project management in industrialized residential construction involves coordinating and controlling tasks, resources, and stakeholders to deliver highquality housing projects within budget and on time.

- Construction project management is crucial in implementing industrialized housing projects in China.

- The current industrialized housing system is imperfect and needs to be improved by exploring construction project management under the new production mode.

- In order to solve these issues and complete successful industrialized housing projects, detailed and integrated project management is required.

The study on project management in industrialized residential construction aims to improve the performance of these projects by identifying and addressing the challenges faced.

- To explore and understand the experiences and perspectives of project managers on the problems encountered in industrialized residential construction projects.

Research approach

- To measure the effectiveness of various countermeasures, use in industrialized residential construction project management to reduce the frequency and severity of budget overrun and schedule delays.

The study will contribute to the existing project management knowledge in the residential construction sector and provide practical recommendations for project managers, contractors, and policymakers.

Data collection and analysis methods

- To measure the effectiveness of characteristics of the project.

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

The surge in popularity of industrialized residential construction (IRC) in recent years can be attributed to its various advantages in terms of quality, safety, and productivity. However, efficient project management in IRC presents its own set of challenges. Study results indicate that insufficient project management is a significant barrier to completing IRC projects successfully. Therefore, it is crucial to identify these challenges and develop effective solutions to deal with them.

Validity and reliability

- This chapter involves the selection of appropriate research methods, approaches, data collection methods, and ethical considerations with proper justification and reasoning.

- The research methodology for the study on problems and countermeasures of project management in industrialized residential construction projects involves three different methods of data collection: interviews, case studies, and surveys.

Ethical considerations

Current Job Role 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Total

27

n

rc hi te ct s,

cti o

Co ns tru

A

M an ag er En gi ne Pr er oj ec tM an ag er Si te M an ag er

23 Count of What is your 21 18 current job role in the 11 industrialized residential construction industry.

Architects, 11 Total Constructio 21 n Manager Engineer 18 Project 27 Manager Site 23 The above table 1 presents the findings of a study Manager conducted on job positions in the industry of Grand Total 100 industrialized residential buildings.

Job Role

Table 1.

Year of Count of How many Experience years of experience do you have in managing industrialized residential construction projects?

10-15 years 27 2-5 years

18

5-10 years

42

More than 13 15 years Grand Total 100 Table 2.

Research method

- To identify and describe the most commonly use countermeasures in response to the problems faced in industrialized residential construction project management.

THE PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

FINDINGS

- About research approach, this study contains a mixed approach since the study adopts the case study and interviews, which are qualitative approaches and adopts the survey method, which is a quantitative approach.

42 27 18

$5-10 million

27

Less than $1 million More than $10 million Grand Total

19 13 100

50 40

41 27

30

19

20 10 0

$1-5 million

$5-10 million

Total

Less than More than $1 million $10 million

The above table (3) shows the average size of the industrialized residential construction projects that employees have managed.

Table 3.

Total

13

10-15 years 2-5 years 5-10 years More than 15 years

The above table (2) shows the year of experience the employee has managing industrialized residential construction projects.

- In conclusion, construction can be described as a multifaceted, multidisciplinary, and intricate engineering system.

- This paper analyzed the problem problems and countermeasures of project management in industrialized residential construction.

- The construction sector problem can be managed through several countermeasures.

REFERENCE Amadi, A. I. (2021). Towards methodological adventure in cost overrun research: linking process and product. International Journal of Construction Management, 1-14.

Wilson, V. (2012). Research methods: interviews. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 7(2), 96-98.

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

13

CONCLUSION

Years of Experience 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

The average Count of What is the size of Project average size of the projects you have managed in terms of monetary value? $1-5 million 41

atu.ie

2023

145

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Affordable Housing Planning Solutions to Improve Speed, Scale, and Delivery in Southern Ontario Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Stephanie Cardenas Hidalgo

Student ID: S00232674

s00232674@atu.ie

Supervisor name: Maria Holmes

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Benefits of Renewable Energy Systems & Technology, Decarbonising the Irish Residential Market Department of Civil Engineering & Construction School of Engineering and Design

Student name: Conor Keane

Student ID: S00214992

S00214992@atu.ie

Supervisor name: David Loftus

Introduction

Analysis

Major environmental issues, including global warming, ozone depletion, and habitat destruction, have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. These issues are largely attributable to human activity.

The average surface temperature has risen by 1.06 °Celsius from the preindustrial era. The building industry alone is responsible for 36% of all greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and 40% of total energy use.

Due to these changes, efforts are being made to find various strategies to combat climate change, including the decarbonisation CAP21 roadmap. ➢ 2030 – Retrofit 500,000 Dwellings to a B2 BER Standard ➢ 2050 – Net-Zero GHG Emissions Some of the Domestic Renewable Energy Systems discussed were: • Heat Pump Heating Systems • Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation (MHRV) • Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

During the literature review, various types of primary energy sources to produce electricity were discussed.

For Ireland to achieve its net-zero carbon emission targets by 2050, fossil fuels will need to be completely phased out, and more sustainable energy sources will be required.

Q.14 shows 52.5% of respondents believe offshore wind should be the main source of renewable energy.

17.5% view wave and tidal should be focused on whilst, 15% think that nuclear energy is the best option.

The respondents views were also shared by interviewee 1,3 and 5 who think that wind energy is underutilised.

Results

Aims & Objectives The research aims to look into the in-depth contribution of renewable energy and understand its contribution in line with the Climate Action Plan (CAP 21) 2030 and 2050 Residential targets. ➢ To look for and extract information on the progress of renewable energy versus fossil fuel-based energy. ➢ To analyse the contribution of renewable energy to decarbonisation. ➢ To analyse the importance and position of renewable energy in the present and for the future. ➢ To investigate the actual cost of renewable energy for homesteads and their sustainability in Ireland. ➢ To investigate the efficiency and carbon-free contribution of renewable energy versus fossil fuelled systems.

Methodology Qualitative

Mixed Methods

Step 1. Literature Review 70+ primary and secondary literature were reviewed. ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

CHAPTER 2 Primary Source of Electricity Traditional Heating and Ventilation Source Building Structure and Insulation Fossil Fuel Consumption Energy Systems in Dwellings CHAPTER 3 Climate Action Plan – 2030 & 2050 Emission Targets Technological System Revolution MHRV Improved Air Quality Solar Photovoltaic Electrical Storage Batteries Passive House Standard Renewable Systems Costs Incentives Decarbonisation

Quantitative

Instead of fossil fuel powering the electricity demands for dwellings the main source of renewable primary energy should be focused on?

40 responses

Quantitative Survey Questionnaire Q.8 On whether Ireland, can achieve getting 500,000 retrofit homes to a B2 BER standard by 2030: ▪ • • • •

The Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021 requires Ireland to get 500,000 retrofit homes in Ireland, to a Building Ener… think this is achievable by the target year of 2030?

40 responses

47.5% disagree its achievable by 2030 25% neither agree or disagree 12.5 strongly disagree 12.5% agree And 2.5% strongly agree

What do you believe is the biggest barrier for homeowners to switch to a renewable energy system?

40 responses

Quantitative Survey Questionnaire Q.19 Shows the respondents view on what is the biggest barrier for homeowners switching to renewable energy systems.

• • • • • •

Capital investment – 62.5% Lack of specialist qualified tradespeople – 12.5% Lack of knowledge on technology available – 10% Inconvenience – 7.5% Reliability misconceptions – 5% Policy and legal requirements – 2.5%

Step 3. Qualitative Analysis ➢ Survey Questionnaire created on Google forms. ➢ Questions were designed to be ranked using a five-point Likert scale method. ➢ Questionnaire were circulated to industry professionals with 40 responses.

What level of understanding do you currently have regarding the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021 40 responses

`

28 No. Survey questions in total were asked to all participants.

Step 2. Qualitative Analysis ➢ Five Semi–structured interviews were conducted with five industry professionals. ➢ Five research questions were discussed with all interviewees. ➢ Cognitive mapping was created for each interview.

Conclusions Based on the Qualitative interview responses and the Quantitative online questionnaire, this research examined the benefits of renewable systems decarbonising the Irish residential market in line with the CAP 21 2030 and 2050 targets.

Results from the research show that renewable systems need to be enforced to combat the need for fossil fuels to fuel the heating demands of households within Ireland. In extension, the carbon emissions in Ireland need to be net zero by 2050.

For Ireland to successfully transition into renewable energy systems and reach the 2050 carbon-free emission targets, the following key points were identified: ➢ Education on Renewable Systems – Householders, Developers, and Contractors ➢ Smart metering – Incentive householders to best manage their electricity consumption ➢ Retrofit Grants – Needs to be revised and grant process streamlined to incentive renewable use ➢ Renewables infrastructure – Harnessing more wind energy, wave and tidal ➢ Utility companies – Reduction on fossil fuels, and reduction on price on electricity tariffs ➢ More R&D into more renewable sources i.e. hydrogen, nuclear, to reduce GWP refrigerant gases

References ➢ Department of the Taoiseach , 2021. Climate Action Plan 2021 - Securing Our Future. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/16421-climate-action-plan-2021-securing-our-future/# [Accessed 14 11 2022].

➢ SEAI, n.d. SEAI. [Online] Available at: https://www.seai.ie/business-and-public-sector/standards/nearly-zero-energybuilding-standard/ [Accessed 03 11 2022].

Programme: BSc (Hons) Construction Project Management Module: Dissertation QUSU08023 Programme Chair: D. Clarke Hagan Daniel.clarkhagan@atu.ie

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147

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Modern Methods of Construction

Introduction Introduction • The title of this research paper is Modern Methods of Construction, and how it affects the construction industry.

• Modern Methods of Construction refer to the use of innovative techniques and technologies in the construction industry to improve efficiency, sustainability, and quality of construction projects.

These methods can include offsite construction, structural panelised, off-site subassemblies, and the use of digital tools and automation to streamline the construction process.

•

Alex O Connor

Mairead Lynam

S00190862@atu.ie

S00190862

Methods

Aims • This research project seeks to discover what effects MMC has on the Irish construction industry and what way its heading over the next few years

The literature review was carried out and found out valuable research on modern methods of construction

• To research in to available data to find out what Modern Methods of Construction is all about

Then for the primary research I composed a 10 question survey together that had an average complete time of 15mins,the survey was sent out to two medium size construction companies.

One of them specialised in house building while the other company focused more on the commercial side of the construction industry

In this research paper we will be researching in to modern methods of construction and finding out, how they affect the construction industry from sustainability to time constraints on site, and if they can help the construction industry

The participants were given 10 days to complete and 17 responses came back.

• We will look at what stage Modern methods of construction is at bot in Ireland, UK and mainland Europe and where its heading.

Findings

The purpose of this research findings chapter is to present the results of a survey conducted among 17 participants. The survey aimed to gather data and insights about a Modern Methods of Construction. 10 questions were answered. Questions were asked to get to know who was participating in the survey and to get there opinions on modern methods of construction. These questions provide vital feedback for the research paper.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Building houses faster more efficiently, while also taking the risk of construction sites and doing much more of the work in a safer factory environment. We can also see from the research that constructing parts of the building off-site can be much more sustainable as there is less wastage in a factory environment. Modern Methods of Construction represent a significant departure from traditional methods of construction. We can see from our research that it has the potential to change the construction for the better from faster construction times to more sustainable construction practices and more streamlined builds.

References • Owens, C. (2021). Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) – the future of construction in Ireland? | May - 2021 | A&L Goodbody. [online] Available at: https://www.algoodbody.com/insights-publications/modern-methods-of-construction-mmc-the-future-of-construction-in-ireland • Miles, D. (2022) Modern Offsite Construction Techniques: An overview, Atamate Building Intelligence. Atamate Ltd. Available at: https://www.atamate.com/atamate-blog/modern-offsiteconstruction-techniques-an-overview (Accessed: November 30, 2022).

• Wellings, F. (2003) Private Housebuilding Annual 2003, The Builder Group, London.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Modular Construction in the Housing Sector: A Long-Term Viable Alternative to Traditional Methods?

Brian Buckley

Barrie Cox

s00228446@atu.ie

S00228446

Introduction

The issue of housing is ever present in Irish society today with the construction industry struggling to keep up with the demand. Traditional methods have proven to be reliable and cost effective in the past but current economic trends have had negative impacts on the market. Issues with procurement and access to labour have seen alternative construction methods being implemented. This piece will endeavour to show how modular construction can offer a viable alternative to traditional brick built homes in a market where money, time and access to resources are critical.

Aims

• To analyse the speed of delivery of modular homes against the traditional brick-built house • To evaluate the commercial impact of choosing modular. How do the capital costs stack up against that of a conventional blockwork house • To analyse any standout areas that impact the overall cost of modular projects.

• To investigate whether Ireland has the resources available to deliver modular housing on a large scale.

Methodology

Literature Review • Multiple forms of material that were relevant to modular construction were assessed with the common themes noted and gaps commented upon. The results of the literature review were significant in influencing the direction of the overall area of study and it provided important questions for the tasks that followed.

Interviews 1. Civil estimator with previous experience in modular construction and knowledge of the different models on the market.

2. Project quantity surveyor with recent hands-on experience of the benefits and pit-falls of using modular in a multi-unit development.

3. Sales director with an Irish based modular housing company. They gave an account of their company's role in the industry and how they viewed the potential opportunities for modular housing in Ireland.

Case Study • This involved analysing the design and build of 2 separate 3-bed houses, one modular and the other brick built. Both projects were recently completed in rural Ireland. Each phase of either build was reviewed, and comparisons made, including the design, procurement, and construction. Each element of the works was scrutinised with particular attention given to the project duration and the cost.

Results

Time Impact • • The literature review returned consistent results of a faster completion time for modular house construction of between 20-50% when compared to brick built.

• Each interviewee agreed that the main benefit of modular would be a quicker construction period. Less onsite activity with much of the scope being completed off-site in a factory environment, away from the elements.

• The case study, where two houses of similar configurations were compared, showed a time saving of 40% for that of the modular build.

Task Design & Planning Procurement Substructure Off-site Construction On-site Construction Total

Brick (days) 120 50 10 0 201 381

% 31.50% 13.12% 2.62% 0.00% 52.76% 100.00%

Modular (days) 20 70 20 120 20 230

% 8.70% 30.43% 8.70% 52.17% 8.70% 100.00%

In contrast to the literature review, the results of the case study showed an overall lower construction cost for modular, but the cost per m2 is higher at just over 18%.

Brick Built

Modular

Task Design & Prelims Substructure Superstructure Services Windows & External Doors Internal & External Finishes Kitchen and Bathroom Fit-out

€ € € € € € €

Brick Built 36,500.00 36,143.73 71,841.23 26,500.00 16,500.00 54,773.52 14,000.00

% 14.24% 14.10% 28.03% 10.34% 6.44% 21.37% 5.46%

Subtotal VAT Total (incl VAT)

€ 256,258.48 € 34,594.89 € 290,853.38

100%

Total m2 Cost per m2

€

200 1,454.27

Task Procurement (incl design) Substructure Offloading Crane Install (3no. GO's 1 week) Electrics (2 E's 1 week) Plumbing (2 P's 1 week) Ancillaries

Modular € 120,000.00 € 30,000.00 € 7,500.00 € 3,600.00 € 4,400.00 € 3,200.00 € 9,000.00

% 67.53% 16.88% 4.22% 2.03% 2.48% 1.80% 5.06%

Total (incl VAT)

€ 177,700.00

100%

Total m2 Cost per m2

€

100 1,777.00

Commercial Impact • The literature review showed financial savings of up to 50% when choosing modular. The whole life costs also showed significant reduction compared to that of a traditional brick-built house.

Resources • The shortage of skilled labour and those working in the wet trades (brick layers, plasterers) has had a negative impact on Irelands construction industry.

• Modular construction can mitigate shortages in skilled labour by moving construction to factory environments and implementing controlled, efficient work processes.

• Diligent procurement can also assist to offset the current resource issues facing the industry.

Conclusion

• • • •

Commercially, the results showed that modular construction costs are higher per m2.

For the programme, modular construction was shown to be a quicker alternative to brick built.

The interview stage concluded that for the Irish construction industry to grow, it must embrace modular construction.

The case study carried out was of huge benefit to this piece, there is potential for more comprehensive findings should a study be carried out comparing a bigger development in each case. This, as opposed to a one-off house development, may produce more comprehensive results.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

SOLAR ENERGY HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A SIGNIFICANT ENERGY SOURCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

•

Introduction

Student name -Dylan Bichard Student email- S00227889@atu.ie

The Title of this research paper is – Solar energy has the Potential to become a significant energy source in the Republic of Ireland

•

Supervisor - Mairead Lynam

Student number - S00227889 Results

During the literature review it became apparent to be able to assess the factors having an effect on success or failure, it was vital to identify the criteria.

1.Republic of Ireland faces challenges in meeting its energy needs due to rising demand, limited domestic resources, and climate change concerns.

2.Dissertation aims to explore the potential of solar energy as a viable alternative in Ireland.

3.Rationale for research is the need to transition towards sustainable and renewable energy sources while reducing carbon footprint.

4.Chapters 1-4 will cover research overview, literature review, methodology, and findings on solar energy adoption, benefits, and barriers in Ireland.

5.Chapter 5 will provide a summary of the main findings, conclusions, and recommendations for future research.

The analysis focussed on the following aspects:

Areas of Interest • A need for renewables • Irelands ability to harness solar energy • Advancements in solar energy systems • How solar energy is captured • Solar panel types • Government influence on solar energy systems • Construction of the solar energy system • Costs attributed to solar energy installations

1) Awareness and perceptions of solar energy in Ireland 2) Factors driving adoption of solar energy in construction projects 3) Barriers to adoption and implementation of solar energy in construction projects 4) Current and future trends in the use of solar energy in construction projects

1) Project scope and scale 2) Technical feasibility and design 3) Financing and economics 4) Regulatory and policy considerations 5) Social and environmental impact Additional Points of focus

Findings after the survey, case studies and homeowner interviews 1. Solar power is a viable and efficient alternative to traditional energy sources, with owners believing that the initial costs will be recouped quickly.

2. Solar farms have been able to successfully generate energy, even in a country with relatively low levels of sunlight.

3. Construction professionals have a positive view of solar energy, noting government incentives and environmental concerns as factors driving its adoption.

4. Barriers to the adoption of solar energy include high installation costs and a lack of knowledge and expertise in industry.

Aims

• The goal of this study is to get a better knowledge of solar panel systems in residential buildings while also establishing if they have the ability to provide energy effectively in Ireland.

• To establish a true understanding of solar energy, its importance and how it is and can be better implemented into buildings in Ireland.

• To analyse how structural design, professional installation methods and choice of materials can influence the best functionality of solar energy systems.

• To evaluate modern technologies, and products and as to whether they make a significant difference in producing ‘greener’ homes.

• To evaluate what changes the government has implemented to help contribute to solar energy systems and renewable energy systems, how they can benefit members of the public, and whether these have a long-term impact.

• To measure the benefits of solar energy systems against the cost implications of installation and determine if the payback from energy returns are financially worthwhile.

•

Study Design

A mixed-methods research design was employed. The study consisted of two main components: a case study analysis of current solar energy projects in Ireland and a survey of construction professionals working in various departments.

Findings from the homeowners • • •

Methods

•

Literature Review • A comprehensive literature review was carried out based on the relevant academic material available. Looking at successful projects as well as unsuccessful ones Interviews • Interviews arranged with existing solar system users, homeowners with experience in the area.

• The information was noted, and analysed.

Survey • Using the data from the literature review and the interviews a survey with 35 questions was developed • The questionnaire was sent out to construction professionals • The information was broken down and analysed.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The literature was analysed, the primary and secondary data was compiled to summarise the following information.

• Solar power is becoming more popular in Ireland due to the Government's commitment to reducing emissions • The cost of solar technology is decreasing, making it more cost-effective for homeowners and businesses to install • Ireland's Climate Action Plan has a target of 70% renewable energy by 2030, and solar is expected to contribute significantly • Solar costs have hit record lows, making it the cheapest source of electricity • Ireland's climate is well-suited to solar power, particularly in the south and east of the country where there is abundant sunshine.

• Solar power is becoming increasingly affordable, with it now being the cheapest form of electricity in some parts of the world.

• With increased consumer awareness and government incentives such as grants for installation, solar power will become a more popular choice for energy consumption in Ireland.

• - Ireland is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy • Solar energy is a dispersed energy source and can be locally generated, avoiding large-scale transmission infrastructure • The government and industry are taking initiatives to encourage the growth and development of solar power in Ireland.

Results

Results from the literature review, questionnaire and case studies were developed • A mixed-methods research design was employed. The study consisted of two main components: a case study

analysis of current solar energy projects in Ireland and a survey of construction professionals working in various departments.

The case study analysis involved a review of relevant literature on solar energy in Ireland, as well as an examination of current solar energy projects in the country by collecting data from publicly available sources, such as industry reports and government publications, and analysing them to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities with specifically three projects chosen based on size, location, and stage of development. These case studies included: 1) The 22 MW solar farm in Ballygarvan, County Cork 2) The 5 MW "Kilmeedy Solar Farm" in County Limerick 3) The 6 MW solar farm in Killanne, County Wexford •

Additionally, four residential properties that use solar energy and have used solar energy for a substantial period were analysed, this was done by personally questioning residents about their experiences and breaking down the suitability of whether or not solar energy was capable of supplying the property with enough energy to cater for their needs

The Murphy family, the O'Sullivan family, and the Smith family all installed solar panels on their homes, resulting in significant energy bill savings and a smaller carbon footprint The Murphy family installed 16 solar panels, a battery, and a monitoring system on their home in County Cork in 2019, predicting an 8 year payback period and annual energy bill savings of €1,200 The O'Sullivan family installed a 5-kW solar system with 20 solar panels, a battery storage unit, and a monitoring system in County Kerry in 2020, expecting an 8 year payback period and annual energy bill savings of €1,000 The Smith family installed a 4 kW solar array with 16 solar panels and a monitoring system on their house in Dublin in 2021, predicting a 10 year payback period and annual energy bill savings of €800

• •

References

Energia (ed.) (no date) Google search. Solar Energy. Available at: https://www.google.com/search?q=solar%2Benergy&rlz=1C1GCEU_enIE987IE987&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitrOKkjbjAhVEQkEAHZIBCPwQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1396&bih=694&dpr=1.38#imgrc=NNWhhzV2tPoV3M (Accessed: April 20, 2023).

Thumbs up stock photos, royalty free thumbs up images - depositphotos (no date). Available at: https://depositphotos.com/stock-photos/thumbsup.html (Accessed: April 20, 2023).

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

BIM and Quantity Surveying: The Challenges and Opportunities Student name: Daniel Millard

Supervisor name: Sean McGagh

S00226747@atu.ie

S00227647

Introduction

Results

Main Challenges

• Will we be drying our tears over a grave marked RIP Quantity Surveying 1792- ?’ Some predict the demise of the Quantity Surveying Profession.

• In the last decade modern technologies like Building Information Modelling (BIM) are starting to gain popularity in the construction industry.

• The traditional role of the Quantity Surveyor (QS) within the Construction Industry is to provide cost management on all aspects of the construction contract and in many ways this traditional service is still at the heart of the majority of small to medium size QS practices today.

• There is a perception in the industry that the QS is slow to embrace modern construction techniques and technologies

Objectives of the Dissertation

Process

People

No Collaboration

Used Mainly by Large PQS firms

Poor Modelling

Slow to Adopt BIM

Lack Of BIM Mandate

Software Compatibility

Still in 2D sphere

Lack of 5D QS skills

Adequate Training but not the correct training

Methods of measurement not conducive with BIM

Technology

BIM not Impacting QS core Services

Realtime Cost Estimates

• To assess the potential impact of BIM on the various aspects of the Quantity Surveying profession.

Data Analysis

• To examine how BIM is used presently by the Quantity Surveyor.

Main Opportunities

Improved accuracy

• To explore the opportunities for the Quantity Surveyor in the adoption of BIM within the Construction Industry.

• To explore the challenges faced by the Quantity Surveyor in the adoption of BIM within the Construction Industry.

Lifecycle Costing

Conclusion

Methodology 1.0 Literature Review • To assess the impact of BIM on the core services provided by the QS • Explore the challenges the QS encounters when engaged in the BIM process • Explore the opportunities the QS can expect when they engage in the BIM process.

2.0 Qualitative Research • A series of semi structured interviews were carried out involving Professional QSs, contractor QSs , a Software Vendor and a digital QS

• The results show that there are more challenges than opportunities at present for the QS when engaged in the BIM process.

• The QS is slow to adopt BIM. • There is a Lack of 5D skilled QSs • At Present BIM is not been utilised by the majority of the QS profession for the core services they provide.

• QS services not used in every country around the world making it vital that the profession dictates their own future by embracing modern technologies like BIM • The QS profession provides a diverse portfolio of services which can be enhanced

by BIM • The QS profession can add to the traditional services they provide by embracing modern technologies such as BIM. • These services include data analysis, lifecycle costing and accurate real time cost

(Chalmer,2022)

estimates.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

ww.atu.ie

151

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

An Analysis of the effect legislation has on ethics in Construction David O’Connor

Mairead Lynham

S00199887@atu.ie

S00199887

Introduction

Aims

The construction industry is well known to be prone to corruption and unethical behaviour with governments and professional bodies within the industry seeking to regulate it. there is a lack of research on the area to investigate the most efficient method of legislating ethics. The main aim of this dissertation will be to analyse how ethics is legislated in the UK and Irish construction industry and to determine if more legislation is needed to effectively legislate t.

It is reported that the value of losses due to corruption is between 10-30%

Methodology

This research aims to examine the following

Following the Literature review, two interviews were carried out with professionals actively working in the construction industry. The questions were asked with the aim of finding the common opinion in the industry of topical areas relating to ethics.

• To establish the background, a discussion on why ethics is important in the construction industry.

Consideration was taken into account of the differences between the two interviewees background in the industry as one of the interviewees worked for a consultancy in Ireland and the other worked for a tier 1 main contractor in the UK

• To investigate the effectiveness of current legislation on ethics in the UK and Ireland • To investigate what steps can be taken to further improve ethics in the industry.

Findings Theme Organisational ethical policy

Quotation ‘We don’t tend to do any external courses. we predominantly follow SCSI code of behaviour’.

‘Yes, we have a bribery and corruption policy and mandatory online classes for bribery and corruption’.

Liability for employee’s ethical behaviour inside an organisation

‘I don’t think so I think maybe for a multinational, but we are a small enterprise we expect an ethical standard that all employees should follow’.

‘No, it is up to everyone’s individual obligation to ensure that they act in accordance with any company’s policy’.

Conclusion Verdict certain companies have a strict bribery and corruption policy while others follow SCSI/RICS code of behaviour.

The common view is that organisations should not take liability for their employees’ ethical behaviour

‘I’d say predominantly preconstruction.’

Stage of construction most ‘I think all areas are of it are such as at risk of unethical preconstruction’ practises

Preconstruction and all stages of the construction process are viewed most at risk of unethical practises

Introduction of new legislation

The opinion of introducing new legislation is not consistent

‘I don’t think so maybe in the wider construction industry, but I think it will be very difficult to implement’.

•

Legislation relating to organizational ethical policy can be described as effective

•

More legislation is required in preconstruction specifically preferential treatment in appointing contractors/sub-contractors

•

Gifts and hospitality is an area which needs more legislation.

•

Introducing more standards in procurement would assist in improving ethics

‘Possibly I’m not sure what or how but I think there should be legislation’

Matthews, MP (2016) ‘This is why construction is so corrupt’ World Economic Forum Economic Forum (weforum.org) (Accessed: 14 Nov 2022)

References

available at: Why is the construction industry so corrupt and what can we do about it? | World

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

The Evolution of Preconstruction Estimation A Study of the Evolution of Preconstruction in Response to Digitisation

INTRODUCTION

Construction has historically been seen as slow to adapt to new technologies, however, as the sector continues to work toward BIM maturity, digitisation has led to significant changes in how in the AEC sector approaches the contemporary built environment, with many organisations making considerable efforts to adopt modern digital construction technologies and BIM aligned principles, systems, standards and infrastructure.

In order to remain competitive in the face of higher demands from clients and increased levels of competition, preconstruction, has seen significant exposure to the changes brought by digitisation, adopting new methods and approaches made possible through the use of new and emerging digital construction technologies.

With automated take-off and estimation software applications offering unprecedented levels of productivity and efficiencies, preconstruction estimation disciplines have evolved significantly in recent decades, with most traditional methods and approaches now in decline, being replaced with more efficient digital alternatives.

As these digital construction technologies have evolved to meet the needs of Estimators and Quantity Surveyors, so too have the roles, responsibilities and skillsets of these professionals and this dissertation looks to show that preconstruction estimation, its methods and approaches, and the roles within it, have evolved with the digital tools and methods now commonplace in preconstruction.

Damien Scanlan

Seán McGagh

S00228447@atu.ie

S00228447

METHODOLOGY

Qualitative research was used for this dissertation, with research data gathered from preconstruction estimation professionals through topical surveys and interviews, which offered the author an insight into whether respondents believed their roles had changed over recent years, to what extent, and whether they viewed these changes as positive, negative, or otherwise.

Interviews with Preconstruction Professionals Both informal, and partially structured interviews were carried out by the author, among preconstruction professionals like Estimators, Quantity Surveyors and other related roles and disciplines.

The focus was placed on professionals active in cost estimation roles and those using BIM or BIM related tools and systems, and other commonly used digital construction technologies developed specifically for use in preconstruction estimation.

Survey of AEC Professionals A detailed survey was conducted among a broad range AEC professionals working for larger and smaller organisations.

This survey helped to establish the wider knowledge and awareness of evolving digital technologies and BIM and its principles, while also ascertaining if respondents believed digitisation has changed the way they approach their job.

RESULTS

This research shows that the evolution of the approaches, tools and methods used in preconstruction estimation has been a direct result of digitisation in the methods and approaches common to these roles.

In the survey conducted, almost 75% of respondents noted that they used digital construction tools and software either daily, or most days, showing a clear reliance on digital construction technologies.

The interviews conducted, also supported the survey results with most interviewees and survey respondents agreeing that the core skillsets in their role or discipline had changed in the last 20 years. In the survey carried out, only 11.5% of respondents said that very little had changed.

The case study of one well established AEC sector organisation however, gave the clearest indication of these changes, with contemporary digital construction technologies developed for estimation being the preferred tools and methods for almost all steps in the tender processes used in this example.

Case Study: An Example of Digitisation in Contemporary Tendering Approaches By analysing how one leading organisation within Ireland’s AEC sector approaches cost estimation in a competitive tendering environment, the author provided an example how cost estimation is approached in a contemporary setting. This case study provided a worked example of how this organisation approaches cost estimation for tendering, giving a detailed insight into the digital tools and methods used during a competitive tendering process, indicating a clear shift in the construction estimation process.

AIM

The aim of this research was to show that evolving digital technologies have impacted on preconstruction estimation, by considering the approaches, tools and systems commonly used in preconstruction roles and by looking at the expanding digital skillsets now needed by preconstruction estimation professionals

OBJECTIVES

The objectives set out by the author before beginning the research were:

CONCLUSIONS

• The main findings of the research carried out was that the use of digital construction technologies in preconstruction estimation was widespread, with significant levels of dependence on digital technologies in contemporary preconstruction estimation observed.

• The research also found that the implementation of digital construction technologies and BIM principles, systems and infrastructure, was widespread across the built environment sector, and the historic view of a sector slow to adapt to change was disproved repeatedly, with adoption and usage of digital construction technologies and automated systems and approaches now widespread across the sector and continuing to increase.

• Although progress was markedly less visible among smaller organisations, the research indicated that this was not out of hesitancy or a lack of effort in these parts of the sector, but was more due to a lack of necessity, with many smaller companies commonly reporting that the costs and disruptions associated with implementing new digital systems and tools, were usually greater than the reward. However, the research appeared to show that as larger organisations adopt digitisation and BIM principles, smaller organisations are likely to follow suit as these technologies become cheaper and more accessible.

• Interviewees and survey respondents undoubtedly feel that digital technologies are hugely beneficial to their roles as they offer new efficiencies and levels of productivity that were simply not possible in previous decades, when traditional paper-based and manual methods were more common.

• The need to carry out time consuming and cumbersome tasks has significantly decreased, making the cost estimation process much less time-consuming and streamlined.

• Survey responses indicated that the roles and disciplines within preconstruction have seen axiomatic changes, as contemporary professionals now need to have the digital know-how to navigate a multitude of digital technologies in today’s preconstruction estimation process.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

153

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Price Increases in the Construction Sector their effect on Tenders and Project Outcomes David Walsh

Supervisor - Pat Carter

s00201834@atu.ie

S00201834

INTRODUCTION

FINDINGS

In recent times there has been a significant increase in the cost of construction materials. The construction industry in Ireland encountered a scarcity of essential building materials and subsequent price hikes, as a result of the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, following nationwide lockdowns. Subsequently there has been a volatility in market prices within the industry, which can be attributed mainly to the widespread inflationary trends stemming from the ongoing conflict in the East. Due to the volatility of material prices, suppliers are hesitant to maintain material quotations for long periods. This research carried out a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to the impact of COVID, the War in the East, Brexit, and other relevant factors on inflation in the industry. The study examined the influence of these factors on project costs and outcomes, as well as the options available to contractors for managing these increases and the resulting effects.

AIM OF THE STUDY •

To establish the main issues that has caused the market volatility over the last 3 years.

•

To establish how these issues have affected projects being carried out and the outcome of projects.

•

To determine if the Ex-Gratia Payment Schemes are sufficient to cover the additional costs to the contractor.

•

To establish how tenders in the sector have been affected and how this in turn effects cost certainty of projects.

The survey recipients were asked to rate the impact of Covid, Brexit and the War in Ukraine on their projects. Surprisingly, most said Covid had a low impact whereas the majority stated the war in Ukraine has had the highest impact.

Covid Ukraine Brexit No Impact 3% 3% 13% Low Impact 58% 0% 58% High Impact 39% 97% 29% Budget issues, supply chain issues, and the inability to procure materials and labour are among the most prominent issues cited by respondents. 63% of respondents cited difficulties in keeping projects within budget as one of the most significant problems caused by market volatility in recent years.

Below are the main issues stated by the respondents.

90% of respondents said the quantity of delay claims and price variation claims have increased in their projects due to Covid/War and Brexit. Only 10% of respondents disagreed, saying these claims have not had a greater impact on their projects.

Below is the average value of claims respondents stated have been submitted per project over the last 2-3 years as a result of the impacts of Covid, Ukraine and Brexit.

METHODOLOGY Building on the findings of the Literature Review, this study employed a mixed-methods approach for data collection. Initially, two interviews were conducted with individuals currently employed in the industry and who have been involved in projects impacted by price inflation within the past 23 years. One of the participants is employed in Northern Ireland, while the other participant is employed in the Republic of Ireland. This facilitated the comparison of the impact of the price increases on projects on either side of the border. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured format.

The second approach entailed the acquisition of statistical information through the use of a questionnaire. The survey was circulated among several individuals employed in the construction sector and received a 78% response rate.

42% responded as not being successful with any delay or price variation claim submitted whilst 39% were only successful in Private Works. Only 13% of responses were successful in claims under Public Works Contracts.

Conclusion • • •

Budgetary issues due to supply chain and procurement difficulties are one of the main issues facing Contractors as a result of the recent price hikes Contractors are forced to claim costs back and having little success which is causing prolonged disputes and a deterioration amongst project team relationships.

Tenders continue to rise with Contractors forced to price for increased risk due to the uncertainty in the market. This instability is having an influence on the level of cost predictability for clients.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

The Importance of Sustainability in the Irish Construction industry in residential buildings Iarlaithe Keegan

Laura O’Donnell S00198722

S00198722@atu.ie

Results Introduction • The aim of this dissertation is to examine the importance of Sustainability in the Irish construction industry and how this has an effect on the cost and construction in residential buildings.

• This paper will explore the various types of sustainable practices that can be implemented in homes and the positive effect which can result from this.

• During the research for this topic, it became clear that sustainable practices will have to improve in order to help solve the current housing problems and prices in Ireland.

Aims • To research the different types of sustainability that may be used in building and how well they work to create energy-efficient homes.

• To examine the advantages of utilizing eco- friendly materials in modern homes and how this can result in long-term savings.

• To investigate how sustainable development affects the price and quality of residential building construction.

• To assess the possibilities for Project Ireland 2040's objective to give greener homes preference in new residential construction.

Conclusion

Methods Literature review • A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out. This review is based on the existing published research that is relevant.

• The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the value of sustainability in the construction sector, particularly about residential buildings, and how this impacts construction costs and quality.

Survey • Using the data collected from the literature review, a survey with 10 questions was developed.

• This questionnaire was responded by 10 professionals within the construction industry.

Results

•

•

The literature review shows that sustainable practices need to be improved in Ireland, initiatives such as Project Ireland 2040 are vital in promoting sustainable construction techniques and investing in green housing.

The survey results show that one of the biggest drawbacks of homeowners implementing sustainable construction methods is the higher initial costs, this drawback can be minimised by introducing more funding and grants to increase the demand from clients.

References 1. ENERGY IN IRELAND 2022 Report. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.seai.ie/publications/Energy-in-Ireland2022.pdf.

2. www.gov.ie. (n.d.). Project Ireland 2040. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.ie/en/campaigns/09022006-projectireland-2040/?referrer=http://www.gov.ie/2040/# 3. European Commission (2022). Renewable energy targets. [online] energy.ec.europa.eu. Available at: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/renewableenergy/renewable-energy-directive-targets-andrules/renewable-energy-targets_en.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

155

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Barriers to deploying public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: a study of the challenges faced in New Zealand

•

James Byrne

Mairead Lynam

s00182717@atu.ie

S00182717

INTRODUCTION

AIMS & OBJECTIVES

Transport in New Zealand is responsible for 17% of the country’s gross greenhouse gas emissions with two-thirds of transport emissions coming from light vehicles.

The aim of this of research is to study the barriers noted above in greater detail to identify the root causes and factors influencing the deployment of public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in New Zealand:

•

The Government has set a near term target of increasing zero-emissions vehicles to 30% of the light fleet by 2035.

1.

•

There is a direct relationship between the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the perception of charging infrastructure availability

To understand the barriers to obtaining new connections to the electricity network for public Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the effects this has on deployment

2.

To analyze the profitability and return on investment for CPOs

•

Deploying a public EV charging infrastructure at pace and scale is fundamental to increasing EV uptake however several barriers to deployment have been identified by the Ministry of Transport: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Grid Compatibility (Electricity supply factors) Profitability of Charge Point Owners (CPO) Project time Lack of coordinated national strategy Interoperability of Payment

3.

To examine the length of time required to deliver a public charging project and identify common factors affecting the programme

4.

To examine the need for a coordinated national strategy

5. To discover what obstacles stand in the way of payment interoperability

By researching and discussing the constraints and challenges in greater detail, can we identify opportunities to enable faster more efficient charger deployment?

METHODS The study reviewed available documents and white papers about electrification of transport and industry in New Zealand. Information was gathered from government reports, published standards, legislation, regulation, codes of practice and other relevant sources.

An overarching study of the electricity distribution network was prepared alongside real-world case studies using historic new connection requests to examine the barriers to accessing the network. This required a significant amount of context setting to describe New Zealand’s decentralized, privately owned distribution network. Survey participants were also questioned on the matter to understand their experiences and opinions.

Historical data from completed projects was aggregated and valued to determine average costs to deploy chargers of different types. This was considered against the cost of charging as publicly advertised by CPOs operating in the country and modelled to determine length of time to realize a return on investment and provide context to the literature and survey responses relating to profitability.

Finished projects, available to the author, were reviewed to identify the median completion time. Outliers were studied in further detail to determine their relevance to the discussion. Survey respondents were queried on their experience and satisfaction with project timelines.

A literature review was undertaken to identify the need for a coordinated national strategy and interoperability of payment. A questionnaire was also used to further gauge industry participants opinions and thoughts regarding their importance.

FINDINGS NEW CONNECTIONS identified by survey respondents as the biggest challenge:

Literature review findings: • • • • • • • • •

New Zealand had 29 Electricity Distribution Businesses (EDBs) EDBs are regulated by the Commerce Commission and Electricity Authority as natural monopolies Regulation includes revenue caps. Expenditure must be forecast for the regulatory period of 5 years Forecast must include system growth expectation Each EDB sets their own capital contribution policy for new connections resulting in pricing variability Each policy is reflective of an EDBs attitude to risk of under recovery of costs through their forecast There are no unifying new connection processes or handling timeframes EDB asset location (GIS) and capacity information is not publicly available These factors are seen as highly significant impediments to Charge Point Operators (CPOs) looking to build sites

The average TIME TO DELIVER A PROJECT, as calculated using empirical data available to the author is is equal or better than that estimated by survey respondents. Satisfaction levels with the length of time to deliver are split evenly between somewhat satisfied and somewhat dissatisfied. The consensus among respondents is that the new connection process is the biggest factor in causing project delays. There was limited literature available to support these findings.

Time to deliver

Days

Longest Time

297

Shortest Time

82

Median

150

Calls for a NATIONAL EV CHARGING STRATEGY were widespread throughout the literature with the sentiment strongly supported by survey respondents.

“It is critical that government departments and agencies like MBIE, MOT, NZTA, the Commerce Commission, and the Electricity Authority work together to facilitate the development of an efficient, reliable, and competitive market for electric vehicle charging.” (Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, 2021, p. 97).

How important do you believe a coordinated national strategy is to efficient deployment of public charging infrastructure?

Aggregated data from New Connection requests available to the author: Connection cost Highest

100A

160A

$ 119,483

$ 169,700

Lowest

$ 127

$ 127

Median

$ 13,038

$ 14,219

208

There was widespread support for INTEROPERABILITY OF PAYMENT with most survey respondents believing it essential or very important to continued uptake of EVs. This is supported by the literature (mainly referencing more mature markets). There was agreement that implementation would be somewhat difficult but not impossible. Estimates on the time required to implement varied, however, the majority believed it could be implemented within 9 months to 2 years.

There was some support for a government mandate to drive implementation with only one respondent against the idea.

Shortest

1

How important do you think interoperability of payment is to uptake of electric vehicles?

Median

53

Time to quote

Days

Longest

Literature review and data sets available to the author support claims that CPOs are yet to be become PROFITABLE References in literature limited to anecdotes stating CPOs unprofitable Attitudinal survey respondents agree with the sentiment however and is supported by data analysis

To test profitability, aggregated cost data available to the author was used to determine an average cost to deliver AC and DC sites with a supply capacity under 100A. This was measured against average utilization of existing assets and an average cost to charge from various CPO’s advertised rates to determine the length of time at current utilization levels it would take for a site to recover costs.

AC

DC

Average cost

$ 36,130

$ 111,957

Years to B/E

6.85

19.28

*Data does not include operational costs

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Open access to EDB asset information Standardized nationwide connection processes in line with Part 6 of the Electricity Industry Participation Code (DG) Revised commerce commission settings and standardized capital contribution policies Continued government funding/repurposing of the Low Emissions Transport Fund (LEFT) Deliver of a National EV Charging Strategy Government to make land available and grant reasonable terms to CPOs Government to initiate, facilitate and mediate interoperability between CPOs

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Sustainable Housing Solutions – Passivhaus Standard Luke Mahon

Mr. Jim McDonough

S00198970@atu.ie

S00198970

Introduction Ireland experienced an economic boom known as the Celtic Tiger from the latter half of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, driven by the construction industry. However, the rapid production of homes during this period led to issues with energy inefficiency and heat loss. This, combined with a cost-of-living crisis and rising energy costs, has negatively impacted users' thermal comfort and energy bills. Passive housing has been considered as a potential solution to address these challenges by providing sustainable housing, reducing CO2 emissions, and mitigating rising energy costs.

Aims • • • • •

Explore the principles of Passivhaus construction Assess PH cost-effectiveness Suitability to the Irish Climate.

What are the barriers and challenges of the PH standard ?

Analyse the effectiveness of current building regulations and climate action plans in meeting NZEB targets.

• Evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the PH Standard among professionals and homeowners.

What is Passive Housing?

• Passive construction prioritizes energy efficiency and sustainability.

• Passive building standards establish specific requirements for building design, construction, and operation.

• Goal of passive building is to limit energy consumption and reduce environmental impact.

• Passive Houses eliminate the need for traditional heating systems for low heating costs and high comfort.

• Passive Houses rely on insulation, air-tight construction, natural ventilation, and other features.

• Features may include triple-paned windows, heat recovery ventilation systems, and solar panels.

• Indoor air quality and heating needs are met through integrated Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system (MVHR).

• Measures include minimizing thermal bridges, air leakage, and optimal insulation levels.

• Renewable energy sources used to meet energy demands - solar panels

Methods • Literature review was followed by a survey for data collection.

• Survey included 4 qualitative and 10 quantitative questions based on literature review.

• Respondents included homeowners/clients, design team members, and contractors.

• 64 surveys were circulated with 19 responses (28.1% response rate) after four weeks.

• Question Pro was used for survey creation and data collection.

• Survey was distributed via email using public contact information from business websites and LinkedIn. • Quantitative findings presented in chart form.

Findings • Passive House Standard is a viable method for achieving nZEB in Ireland, as evidenced by the study findings.

• Case study analysis shows success in achieving the standard's requirements, with some projects exceeding energy efficiency criteria.

• Challenges associated with implementing the Passive House Standard in Ireland include high construction costs, lack of skilled professionals, and difficulties in meeting strict requirements.

• Passive House standard is cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and can reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and utility bills for homeowners, while improving indoor air quality.

• Government support and incentives, such as tax credits, grants, and subsidies, are needed to promote adoption of sustainable housing solutions in Ireland.

• Research contributes to ongoing discussion on sustainable housing and emphasises need for collaborative efforts among government, homeowners, and developers.

Figure 1: Low Energy House vs Passive House • Embracing sustainable building practices can create a healthier, more Heating Energy (Passipedia, 2009) affordable, and environmentally friendly living environment in Ireland.

• Government support and incentives, such as tax credits, grants, and subsidies, are needed to promote adoption of sustainable housing solutions in Ireland.

• Research contributes to ongoing discussion on sustainable housing and emphasises need for collaborative efforts among government, homeowners, and developers.

• Embracing sustainable building practices can create a healthier, more affordable, and environmentally friendly living Figure 2: Passive House Basic Principles (Passive House Institute, 2015). environment in Ireland.

References • Basic Principles for the construction of Passive Houses. Passive House Institute. Available at: https://passivehouse.com/02_informations/02_passive-house-requirements/02_passive-house-requirements.htm • Passipedia (2009). What is a Passive House? [online] Passipedia.org. Available at: https://passipedia.org/basics/what_is_a_passive_house.

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157

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Aim of Dissertation •To investigate the usage of biometrics in the construction industry •Evaluate the advancement of biometric systems.

•To examine how biometric scanning is perceived in the construction industry.

•To investigate if biometric technology can reduce overall project costs.

What are Biometrics

Can The Use Of Biometric Systems Benefit A Construction Project As A Whole?

Methodology Both primary and secondary data combined  Case studies  Questionnaires

Benefits of Biometrics Time and attendance tracking Health and Safety- Site Entry To gather large amounts of accurate data across the full site in real time Store data securely on a database for easy access throughout a project Environmental benefits-Less paper

Challenges of Biometrics Privacy concerns as they collect and store sensitive personal data Lack of understanding & knowledge Conditions on site

Email: s00202639@atu.ie

Student name: Majella Costello

Student ID: S00202639

Supervisor name: Lisa Brennan

19%

14%

HSQE Site Entry Time and Attendances

67%

What areas on a construction project would benefit from biometric systems

Dissertation Findings/Analysis

7%

35%

Do you believe that biometric systems have a place in the construction industry 6%

52%

Completely Agree Agree with some exception Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree

atu.ie

 Positive towards the use of biometric technology in the construction industry.  Biometric systems can help time and attendance records become a lot more trustworthy and easier to track.  Biometric systems have the potential to reduce the lifecycle costs of a construction project.  GDPR was an issue which has been highlighted  Privacy is a big concern for onsite staff rather than management staff  Further research on this topic is important as the literature available is minimal.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

2023

Women in Construction and the benefits of collaboration in the Construction Industry Marlí Hendriks

Under the supervision of Laura O’Donnell

S00220185

S00220185@atu.ie

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

Women are significantly underrepresented in construction professions, and the construction industry

The Statistics of Women in Construction

remains one of the most gender segregated industries in the world. ‘Breaking the bias’, ‘The Gender

The historical data prepared by the CSO indicate that over a span of 11 years the number of female

Gap’, ‘Gender Equality’, are topics that are currently shaping the modern construction industry that have

participants in the construction industry managed to increase with 2%. The statistics indicate that the

been traditionally dominated by men. Women within the industry face several barriers, and the industry’s

increase have been uneven through the years with only small increments.

poor public image and lack of knowledge about career possibilities have discouraged young females from

“Girl’s don’t do that” – But what if they do?

joining.

The survey data revealed the 50 out of 63 participants feel that the industry does not portray an attractive

More females are needed within the construction industry to help alleviate the labour and skill shortages.

image to young females, thus making them reluctant to join the industry. 93.7% believed that through more

There is also a strong moral case to improve equality within construction and an even greater business

awareness about the industry and the available career opportunities, it will encourage young females to

case. With all the initiatives and conversations in place, it is vital to understand the industry’s unhurried

consider a career in construction. ‘You can’t be what you can’t see’ - Marian Wright Edelman

approach to accept and adopt the transformation it requires.

The Modern Barriers

According to the CSO, in 2018, women

lack of welfare facilities on site are still common in the modern construction industry. The modern barriers

The traditional barriers that women experienced, such as gender discrimination, gender stereotypes and a only represented 5.5% of the construction industry, and by the end of 2022, only 8.49%. The CIF have set a target, to increase the female participation rate to 25% by 2030 to alleviate the labour shortages.

Source: CSO, Project Ireland 2040 Report & CIF Diversity Report 2018

include lack of flexibility, work-life balance / multiple role conflict and the Gender Pay Gap.

Support from the Industry Bodies Several Industry Bodies are working in the background to promote and support Women in Construction.

The SCSI have launched their ‘Elevate’ mentoring programme. The RICS, along with 5 other Institutes, launched an Action Plan to create a more equitable built environment. The CIF launched their #BuildingEquality campaign to inspire young females to join the industry.

Benefits of Women in Construction Equal gender in the workplace brings empathy, innovative solutions, and more ways of doing the same

OBJECTIVES

employment and productivity for women which will ultimately lead to better economic growth.

To gain a better understanding of the current position of women in the construction industry and the change

Benefits of Collaboration in the Construction Industry

required within the industry, the following objectives had to be achieved:

Due to the broad spectrum that encompass the Construction Industry, Clients run diversified businesses

• Evaluate the current statistics of women in the construction industry and determine if a drastic increase can be expected in Ireland by 2030

thing. By reducing the gender gap, the skills gap will also be reduced. This will lead to increased

with different Client Care needs. Collaborating with masculine and feminine leadership skills through a diversified team, means that Client Care needs can be met, and the team can instantly respond to this.

• Establish the modern challenges women face in the construction industry • Assess the rationale behind the resistance of young females to join the construction industry • Review the action plans that the key role players in the industry have put in place to increase the number

‘Men can certainly be

of women

important enablers of change

• Establish the benefits of women in the construction and the benefits of collaboration for the industry

in the construction industry, but

going forward

it is also important for women and other underrepresented

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

groups to be active participants in driving change.’

To further expand on the topic and the key areas highlighted in the literature review, a mixed method of data collection was implemented in the primary research.

‘It should be collaborative

‘You can't put the onus on a

‘I think it is up to all to enable

Quantitative method: A survey with 26 multiple choice and open-ended questions was completed by

steering away from gender

single sex, any change needs to

change within the construction

63 women in the construction industry from a variety of backgrounds and organisations. The

stereotypes’

be collaborative’

industry’

demographic of the respondents varied in profession, on/off site based roles and years’ experience in the industry. The online survey was circulated through Google Forms.

Qualitative method: A focus group discussion was conducted with 7 women working on the New Children’s Hospital in Dublin. The project is regarded as a mega-project in Ireland with an estimated cost of €1 billion+ and the focus group provided an insight into the immediate working environment of the participants. The discussion during the focus group followed a similar theme as the online survey and gave the participants the opportunity to confer their thoughts and opinions about the matter.

Data analysis: The data obtained from the quantitative methods were analysed and are represented in graphs. The data was further evaluated to highlight any similarities or conflicts to the opinions and theories contained within the Literature Review.

REFERENCES

‘It shouldn't really be gender specific in terms of who is responsible for change, the industry as a whole must attract more people into it as we have a shortage of resources at all levels.’

CONCLUSIONS The Literature Review and Primary Research indicated that the Construction Industry has changed a great deal over the last 50 years, however more change is required to help with the imminent skill shortages, the housing and infrastructure demands in Ireland and to create a more sustainable built-environment.

According to McKinsey & Company, the benefits of gender-diverse companies are more likely to outperform the industry average. Leaning towards diversity allows companies to recruit from a wider talent pool. Achieving 25% female participation by 2030 will be very challenging, this can only by achieved through a collaborative approach that will benefit all.

Construction Industry Federation, (2018a) Women in the Construction Industry, Dublin: Construction Industry Federation Construction Industry Federation, (2018b) Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in the Construction Industry, Dublin: Construction Industry Federation Ireland The Smith Institute Research Limited, 2014. Building the future: Women in Construction, London: The Smith Institute Wright, D. T., 2014. The Women into Construction Project: an assessment of a model for increasing women’s participation in construction, London: Centre for Research in Equality and Diversity

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

159

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

An Effective/Practical Analysis of Forensic Delay Schedule and Quantum Claim Preparation to solve the disputes in various construction contracts Student name: Muhammad Anamul Hoque

Supervisor name: P. Carter

S00232676@atu.ie

Student ID: S00232676

Introduction Construction industry are often described as volatile and unpredictable complex situation before during, or after construction stage. Delay, claims, disputes are unavoidable & effective management system must be considered to reduce the risk of time, cost overrun & quality of the project.

Forensic delay and Quantum claim are new terms which are using in most of the construction in recent year. This paper will discuss first about delay, dispute & claim clauses in different standard form of contracts, finally will analyze few cases studies along reasons of claim & disputes and recommendations with conclusion

Research Objectives • To evaluate the procedure of delay analysis and claim preparation with the appropriate methods that

RESULT Delay research is fragmentary in nature and it should typically investigate one of the aspects in isolation of the others. to analyze the claims it should transparent and fair to both the contractor and the owner, the main requirement is the “Notifications” in regular interval of time and account recoverable, to recover these two requirement, EOT submission should include description of delay events, explanation of right to claim (for example , excusable delay with quotation of contractual clause), explanation of compliance with contractual provisions, narrative of impact on project completion using cause & effect, critical path method (CPM) analysis, calculating of Extension of Time. Quantum claim compensation with appropriate rate of resources materials, labor and plants.

The finding for the three case studies in this dissertation is listed in the table as below Factor-Claims Design Issue

Case-1 Design Errors, unrealistic design periods

Change Unforeseen Issue Variation

No Criteria Changes No Unforeseen Conditions Owner instructed additional work; Changes directed by the owner Owner instructed modification design

No No No

Other/External

Poor com\munication between Natural parties, natural factors. Inflations.

Natural

reflect to interpret the submissions of claim quantification • To solve contractual and legal issues required of claim cost analysis.

Contract Error Speed up progress

• To prepare prolongation, disruption or acceleration and claim costs.

• To analysis schedule delay analysis with baseline actual work progress.

Yes

Case-2 Design Deficiencies

Case-3 No

No No

Directed acceleration

No Directed & Constructive acceleration

• To calculate the acceleration cost for mitigation of delays.

Rated Frequently and Often

Methodology 66.7%

66.7%

To achieve the above research objectives, the following methodology will apply: • Conduct a comprehensive literature review of delay analysis techniques

33.3%

33.3%

• Forensic Delay Analysis using Oracle Primavera P6 Software

33.3%

• Schedule Analysis and Protocols as per SCL & AACE 100.0%

• Analysis of Construction Delay Event & Determination

66.7%

• Forensic Quantum Claim determination & Analysis • The Use of Forensic Quantum Analysis by an Expert Witness The above methodology involves writing up the content of the dissertation and shall be covered the chapters proposed in the following section.,

Design Issue

Change

Unforeseen Issue

Variation

Other/External

Contractual Error

Speed up progress

The best way of forensic Schedule Delay analysis :

RESEARCH FINDINGS :

• Selection of appropriate method of delay analysis using information gathering, highlighting

Delay & Claim research is fragmentary in nature and it should typically investigate one of the aspects in isolation of the others. to analyze the claims it should transparent and fair to both the contractor and Employer, the main requirement is the “Notifications” in regular interval of time and account recoverable, to recover these two Delay & Claims, calculating of Extension of Time should include description of delay events, explanation of right to claim (for example , excusable delay with quotation of contractual clause), explanation of compliance with contractual provisions, narrative of impact on project completion using cause & effect, critical path method (CPM) analysis.

Quantum claim compensation with appropriate rate of resources materials, labor and plants.

contract conditions and using critical path method (CPM) or not.

• Quantifying delay using accepted protocols, verifying data quality fortran sparent results.

• Identifying basic causes of delay using docuemntation, withness, notices, site records.

The recommendations to find the legal/contractual basis of the Quantum claim: • Justification that one party or another has not fulfilled its are established • Obligations (or a risk has occurred that is their responsibility) are identified • Cause: An explanation of the cause of the claim event(s) are analysed • Effect: An explanation of the effect of the claim event(s) are analysed • Damage: Delay and EOT days and or money are quantified • Disruption cost or loss of productivity can be calculated using three common procedures namely-measure mile methods, baseline productivity method & earned value methods • Acceleration cost calculated by total cost, modified total cost, time impact & measuremile.

Baseline Cost-S-curve & Progress Cost S-Curve

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

The Impact of Skills Shortages on the Irish Construction Sector Matthew Kerrigan

Laura O’Donnell

S00178979@atu.ie

S00178979

Introduction

The Irish Construction Sector is a significant contributor to the countries economic growth and development. However, in recent years the sector has been facing a significant challenge – a shortage of skilled workers. This is dissertation will examine the causes of the problem, look at where the biggest shortages are, and consider possible solutions.

Aims

Carry out a literature review to gain extensive knowledge of the skills shortage the construction sector is facing • Determine what roles/professions companies are finding the most difficult to recruit • Examine the reasons why this skills shortage has occurred • Present a detailed study about the findings of the research conducted

•

An ageing workforce has been mentioned as one of the contributors to the skills shortage. The Central Statistics Office (2022) reported that the average age of construction workers has risen since the recession began in 2008. In 2006, 21% of the workforce was aged between 15 and 24, 54% were aged between 25 and 44, and 25% were aged 45 or older. In 2021, the 15 to 24 age group had dropped to 11%, the 25 to 44 age group had dropped to 45%, while the 45 and over age group had risen to 44%.

Apprenticeship uptake has been increasing in recent years which peaked in 2021 when there was a record 8,607 registrations, although this still falls short of the 10,000 per year target. 2022 has seen a drop off in registrations with 8,286 according to Ohlmus (2023).

The results of the questionnaire showed that 90.9% of the respondents agreed that there is an ongoing skills shortage in the construction sector.

Quantity Surveyors and Engineers were among the professional roles that companies are having trouble recruiting.

Methodology

The primary method of research for this dissertation is quantitative data analysis in the form of a questionnaire.

The questionnaire was distributed to a number of companies including main contractors, subcontractors, and consultancy firms. I received a large number of responses with a sample size of 22.

A number of graphs were produced to provide the reader with a visual representation of the data collected

Electricians, Plumbers, and bricklayers were considered the most difficult trades to hire, among many others.

Findings

The results from the literature review showed that Health & Safety officers, Engineers and Quantity Surveyors were among the professional roles that are experiencing the largest shortage. Electricians, bricklayers, Carpenters, and plumbers were the trades that companies are struggling to recruit the most.

Other notable findings showed that 50% of respondents claimed that skills shortages are negatively impacting the cost and duration of construction projects. More than 80% of respondents claimed that college gradates were not fully up to industry standard, and 95.5% believed that a more practical learning approach would benefit university graduates entering the construction industry.

Conclusion

The shortage of skilled workers is having a damaging effect on the Irish construction sector and economy. The literature review highlights the extent of the issue and suggests that government intervention is required to further promote the industry and source talent to address the skills gap. The issue will likely be ongoing for the next number of years with additional problems arising.

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Trevor McSharry ATU Sligo

atu.ie

161

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

The Advancements of Technology and Building Processes within the Construction Industry.

Patrick Scannell BSc Honours in Quantity Surveying .

Atlantic Technological University

Introduction

Aim & Objectives

• One of the most complicated and difficult industries in the world is the construction industry.

• Construction firms are therefore always seeking for ways to increase productivity and decrease waste.

• Building information modelling (BIM) and prefabrication are two technologies that have lately come to the forefront as game-changers in the sector.

• BIM can make it easier to integrate various building systems, including plumbing, lighting, and HVAC • Prefabrication is the process of producing construction components in a controlled setting off-site before delivering and installing them onsite.

The main aim of the dissertation was to gain a deeper understanding of the following; 1.To investigate and discuss the advancements of technology within the construction industry.

Methodology

Results

Stage 1: literature review.

A detailed literature review was conducted on this topic, whereby I reviewed and analysed hundreds of paper, journals, books, articles etc.

In doing so I gained a significant background on the topic and so my research broadened to stages 2 & 3.

Stage 2: the pilot study A structured interview was carried out with 2 participants currently working within the industry. This insight gave me an in-depth understanding of the topic which was instrumental in developing my main survey in step 3. A questionnaire was also carried out amongst my peers.

Stage 3: the main study Upon completion of the pilot study, I gained a broader understanding of people’s experience with the use of prefabrication and BIM, the study questionnaire was issued. Feedback was gathered from a multidisciplinary pool of industry workers.

• 100% of questionnaire respondents believe that BIM should be used on all projects. Both interview participants also agreed.

2. To investigate and discuss the advancements of building processes within the construction industry.

3. To outline and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of technology used within the construction industry.

4. To outline and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some of the building processes used within the construction industry.

5. To investigate the time and cost savings that can be made using modern technology and building processes.

• 100% of questionnaire respondents believe that prefabrication increases a projects costs savings. Both interview participants also agreed with one participant stating that a 10-15% cost saving can be achieved.

• 100% of questionnaire respondents believe that prefabrication has improved quality of construction elements. Both interview participants also agreed noting that working in a controlled environment with no external risks being a main factor for this.

• 90.9% of questionnaire respondents believe that site safety has been improved as a result of the use of prefabrication. Both interview participants also agreed noting that working in a controlled environment being a main factor for this.

• 81.8% of questionnaire respondents believe that BIM allows for early contractor involvement. The interview participants also agreed noting that early cost estimates and increased buildability as a result.

• Both participants of the interview believed that the use of BIM and prefabrication together allows projects to begin at an early start date.

• Both participants of the interview believed that the use of prefabrication has a time saving of 20-30%.

Conclusion • • • •

atu.ie

The advantages of BIM and Prefabrication can clearly be seen from both industry workers and peers.

Effective implementation of both BIM and Prefabrication can improve construction quality, time savings, cost savings and also site safety.

BIM has become a favourable system used throughout the construction industry as the results show.

The use of prefabrication is becoming move common as the advantages out weigh the disadvantages of initial costs.

General background and introduction.

Research Questions.

Methodology of the research

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Ǧ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǣ ǣ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǣ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

ͳǤ ʹǤ ͵Ǥ ͶǤ

ǣ Ǥ ǣ ͳǤ Ǥ ʹǤ Ǥ ͵Ǥ Ǥ ͶǤ Ǥ ͷǤ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ

Aim and Objectives

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Justification of the research

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The purpose of the research

̵ ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ̵ ǡ ̵ ȋͳͻͻͶȌ ̶ ̶ ̵ ȋͳͻͻͺȌ ̶ ̶ Ǥ ̵ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ǡ Ǥ ͶͺȌ ǡ ͺͲΨ ̵ ǡ ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

Ǥ

ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

Ǥ

Abstract.

100%

Very ineffective Somewhat ineffective Neutral Somewhat effective Very effective Total

66.70%

29.20%

Percentage% 0%

4.10%

Disagree Agree Total

Neutral Strongly agree.

50%

29.20%

Strongly disagrees.

100%

20.80%

0% 0%

Percentage%

51.40%

Not sure No significant change Less efficient More efficient Total

100%

13.40%

33.80%

Percentage% 1.40%

37.5

16.7

12.5

A way to increase collaboration among stakeholders.

A way to improve efficiency.

All the above

None of the above

100

33.3

Percentage% 0

45.80%

37.50% 45.80%

41.70%

4.20%

Not at all important Not very important Neutral Somewhat important Very important Total

100%

0% 8.30%

Percentage%

33.30%

25%

NO

100%

Maybe

YES

Total

59.70%

18.10%

22.20%

Percentage%

0%

Yes, somewhat Total

Neutral Yes, significantly

Percentage% 0%

Lack of trust among stakeholders Resistance from stakeholders Total

Other (please specify) 100% Lack of resources 41.70%

41.20%

17.10%

Not very involved Somewhat involved.

Total

Neutral Very involved

54.20%

41.70%

4.10%

Not at all involved.

0%

Percentage%

100%

0%

100%

0%

Improved collaboration among stakeholders

Improved quality

Other (please specify)

45.80%

41.70%

4.20% 8.30%

Percentage%

To what extent do you involve suppliers In your opinion, what are the and subcontractors in the supply chain key benefits of supply chain management in the management process? construction industry?

No, somewhat

No, significantly

58.30%

29.20%

Percentage% 12.50%

100%

0%

Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

Conclusions

Based on the study, it was found that the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) procedures and policies in project management delivery can lead to numerous benefits, including improved project coordination, increased efficiency, cost savings, and enhanced customer satisfaction. The study identified key SCM procedures and policies that can be implemented in project management, including strategic sourcing, supplier management, inventory management, and demand planning. The success of SCM was found to be influenced by client input and collaboration among supply chain participants. Overall, the study highlights the importance of SCM in project management and its potential to enhance project delivery and customer satisfaction.

Other (please specify) Reduced waste and errors.

Increased efficiency Time savings Cost savings Total

100%

16.70%

25%

0% Percentage%

How do you measure the success of Have you implemented any specific supply chain management in the strategies or practices to improve the effectiveness of supply chain construction industry? management in the construction industry?

Total

Very effectively

Somewhat effectively

Neutral

Somewhat ineffectively 100%

8.30% 8.30%

0% Very ineffectively

Percentage%

In your experience, how has supply How important is client input in the Do you believe that supply chain What challenges do you face chain management been integrated success of supply chain management in management has the potential to lower when implementing supply construction projects? chain management in the by subcontractors? project waste and errors? construction industry?

0%

How has the supply chain management How do you interpret supply process evolved in the construction chain management in the context of the construction industry over the past decade? industry?

Findings

How would you rate the effectiveness To what extent do you believe supply of supply chain management in the chain management has contributed to the success of construction projects in construction industry?

Saudi Arabia?

discussion and review of the questionnaire

▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͳͶ͸ȋͳͲȌǡ ͲͶͲʹͲͳͲ͵Ǥ ǣ ͳͲǤͳͲ͸ͳȀȋ Ȍ ǤͳͻͶ͵Ǧ ͹ͺ͸ʹǤͲͲͲͳͺͺ͹ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͳȌǤ ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͵ͳͺǡ ͳʹͺͶ͹ͻǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ͹ȋͷȌǡ ʹʹ͸Ǧʹ͵ͺǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͳͶͷȋʹȌǡ ͲͶͲͳͺͳͳͺǤ ▪ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ ͵͹ȋͳȌǡ ʹͺǦͶͺǤ ▪ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ʹͷȋ͹Ȍǡ ʹͷͷͳǦʹͷ͹ͳǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͳȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͵ͳ͹ǡ ͳʹͺ͵ͻͶǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻ͸ǡ ͶͺͻǦͶͻ͸Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ʹͳȋͳȌǡ ͳǦͳ͵Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ʹͲͳʹǤ Ǥ ǡ ͺȋ͵Ȍǡ ǤͳͺͻǦʹͳͳǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ Ǥ ǡ ʹͳȋʹȌǡ ʹͷ͸Ǧʹ͹ʹǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͸ʹȋͷȌǡ ͷͻͳǦͷͻͻǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ͹ǡ ͳͲͲͳʹ͸Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ ͳʹȋͳȌǡ ͳ͹Ǧʹ͸Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ǣ ǡ ǡ ȋ͸ ǤȌǤ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ǣ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ Ƭ ȋͷ ǤȌǤ Ǥ ▪ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ȋ Ȍǡ ʹͲͲͺǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǣ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ƭ ǡ ͸ȋͳȌǡ ͸͹Ǧͺ͵Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ̵ Ǥ ǡ ͳʹȋͷȌǡ ͵͵ͲǦ͵ͶʹǤ ▪ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Ǥ ǡ ͳ͵͵ȋͶȌǡ ʹ͹͸ǦʹͺͶǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ǡ Ͷ Ǥǡ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ Ǥ ǡ ʹ͹ȋʹȌǡ ʹͶͲǦʹͷͻǤ ▪ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ▪ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ʹͲͳͳǤ Ǥ ǡ ʹ͹ȋͶȌǡ ǤʹͳͶǦ ʹʹͳǤ

References

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Future research

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Recommendations

ATLANTIC TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ATU) POSTER PRESENTATION Implementing Supply Chain Management procedures and policies, its advantages in Project Management delivery, and benefit to the client. ǣ ͲͲʹʹͲͶͶ͹

2023

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BArch in Architecture (Hons) The ethos of Architecture at ATU Sligo is a belief in the potential of architecture to transform places. We aim for a strong student-centred and student-led culture and our ambition is to impress upon the students their role in contributing to society as a new generation of architects for this area and beyond.

Human Experience and Perception of Space Our projects focus on the intimate dialogue between the user and the space they inhabit emphasising the layered relationships between the user, function, site and the spatial experience of architecture.

BA in Interior Architecture and Design BA (Hons) in Interior Architecture and Design BA (Hons) in Interior Architecture and Design (Add-on) The vision of our programme stems from the core philosophical aspirations: • Care for human experience

Architecture at ATU Sligo aims to encourage students to develop an understanding of and sensitivity to historical, contextual and cultural influences on the practice of design in a local, national, and global context. Just as poetry possesses universality as well as an acutely personal sentiment, architecture provides another perspective into how we dwell, how we interact and how we seek meaning between ourselves and the world which surrounds us. We aim to build on our lineage recognizing the energy specific to this location on the edge of the Atlantic. Our philosophical approach to architecture centres on: Interpretation of Place, Regionally Transformative Architecture, Architectural Regeneration of our Built Heritage, and Human Experience and Perception of Space.

Interpretation of Place Architecture at ATU Sligo draws on the existing genius loci of the north-west as an international hub of creativity, where projects, sited locally, nationally and internationally are considered from a social, environmental, historical, and cultural perspective.

Regionally Transformative Architecture We embrace our role in the region as the educational centre supporting discourse and social engagement on the transformative role of architecture and exploring its relevance for future place-making, facilitating active participation of people in realising the potential of their place. We seek to raise awareness of the transcendent possibilities of architecture beyond its physical relevance, interrogating concepts of creativity and identity, and resonating with current global issues aiming to stimulate both social engagement and dialogue around the identity and creative flux of the region at this time.

Architectural Regeneration of our Built Heritage Architecture at ATU Sligo places an emphasis on reading and evaluating the existing context and imprint of place, and the impact these decisions and interventions have on the regeneration of place, using principles of environmental, social and cultural sustainability. atu.ie

• Inspired, environmentally conscious response to place - community, location, culture • Creative communication and global engagement.

We offer accessible experiential learning that fosters creative, versatile and ethically aware designers with developed collaborative and communicative skills.

Our Interior Architecture and Design programme focuses an environmentally conscious approach to the re-use, re-imagination and innovative re-invention of the existing built environment with a strong focus on sculpting interior space. Our students are challenged to offer imaginative responses to spatial problems, which cut across interior architectural aspects of place, cultural and built heritage and recognise the design needs and identity of clients.

Through interactions with live clients, real sites and diverse design projects our students learn to position urgent stories in a coherent spatial and sociological narrative. Memory, identity and sense of place along with the intrinsic qualities of community and culture are explored and often juxtaposed with a global context, to inspire resonant, sensitive and rich design projects.

The Interior Architecture and Design course at ATU Sligo provides an internationally recognised level of education and training aligned with European Council of Interior Architects standard and best practice across Europe.

Our graduates are ethically and professionally motivated, to be innovative, responsible and versatile design professionals, inspired by current knowledge of the design world, equipped with an industry ready creative and technical skill-set and experienced in design collaboration.

2023

Department of Mechatronic Engineering This is a new and emerging department whose roots started almost 20 years ago in the area of industrial automation. It has since grown and offers a diverse range of programmes from L6 to L10 in Robotics and Automation, Mechatronics, Polymer Technology and Data Centres Facilities Engineering, as well as Work Based Learning degrees. The department boasts Ireland’s largest provider of accredited online programmes in Mechatronic Engineering and the only online provider online for Data Centres Facilities Engineering with a European focus.

Together with its state-of-the-art laboratories and remotely controlled rigs and student exchanges with Kempten university, the Department employs digital learning technologies and student exchange to enhance the learning experience of our students. Our staff have strong research and industrial backgrounds and generate impactful content and innovations. The Department is well aligned to the current strategic pillars of the new Atlantic Technological University.

David Mulligan

Head of Department of Mechatronic Engineering

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BEng in Mechatronic Engineering BEng (Hons) in Robotics and Automation These programmes allows graduates to develop their ability to analyse, model and develop innovative solutions in the area of automation, robotics and control systems for the manufacturing sector. They bring together a highly qualified academic team, modern simulation tools, state of the art laboratories, to produce Robotic, Automation and Mechatronic Engineers who are able to model, design and programme automated and robotic solutions.

Over the three years of the Mechatronic Engineering degree, students develop the flair, creativity and practical knowledge needed for the design and manufacture of successful robots and manufacturing machinery. They use the latest automation, robotic and control tools to model and evaluate their solutions, all of which are supported by an in-depth understanding of engineering principles. The students also develop the ability to employ various manufacturing technologies to produce working prototypes as part of this Engineers Ireland accredited degree. The Robotics and Automation honours degree is new to the department and focuses on the advances in robotics and automation with the use of AI, ML and data analytics as well as an industrial placement to develop the analytical and design skills to an advanced level to meet industry needs.

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2023

ATU Sligo Mechatronic Engineering Final Year Student Projects

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Design and Implementation of a Dual Mode (Autonomous and Manual) Fire Fighting Robot

Environment Monitoring:

Alexander Kuchtaruk

Professor M Ali

S00241159@atu.ie

S00241159

Autonomous and Manual Movement:

Design Specifications:

Wiring Diagrams:

Autonomous Mode Functions: - IR Obstacle Avoidance oVia 4-way Infrared sensor module - Environment Monitoring oVia MQ2, MQ4, MQ5, MQ6, MQ8, MQ9, MQ135 sensors - Flame Sensing oVia 5-way flame sensor module - Temperature Sensing oVia LM35 temperature sensor module - Radiation level monitoring oVia Radiation D-v1.1 CAJOE module - Audible Alarm oVia YL-44 buzzer alarm module Manual Mode Functions: - Live Camera feed oVia ESP-32 camera - Remote motion control oVia PS2 controller module - Remote Fire Suppression oVia 12V DC Submersible Water Pump

Mobile Fire Suppression:

Associated Logos

Associated Logos

Human Machine Interface:

HMI (Human Machine Interface): - Sensor Hub o Via MIT Application Inventor - Live Camera Feed o Via ESP-32 camera Faculty of Mechatronics David Mulligan ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Remote Patient Monitoring in Respiratory Interventions Leah McMorrow

Supervisor: Dr Konrad Mulrennan

s00145264@atu.ie

S00145264

Results & Conclusions

Methodology Background Remote patient monitoring is the future of healthcare as more devices are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT). Studies have shown that there are many benefits to patients using medical devices with remote monitoring capabilities, leading to a reduction in the need for hospitalisations. [1] The purpose of this study was to implement remote patient monitoring in a medical device. Respiratory intervention was the area of focus for this research, specifically non-invasive ventilation. According to COPDSI 3,685 patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are hospitalised yearly in Ireland. These patients typically spend an average 9.5 days in hospital. [2] High oxygen therapies are generally administered on hospitalisation.

An investigation into acquiring patient data and delivering it to a cloud service was conducted with the end goal of being able to administer high oxygen therapy at home.

My implementation focused on taking live patient data from a Non-Invasive ventilator and uploading to a cloud service.

Voltage readings of the flow sensor on the CPU board of the ventilator were acquired in real time via a programmable, Digital Multimeter and translated into useable patient data using LabVIEW. Those results were then sent to a cloud service (ThingSpeak) vis HTTP. The idea was that a Clinician could log in any time and monitor their patient.

Email alerts were set to notify of the patients Inspiratory Capacity declining below a clinically defined setpoint – a key indication of a COPD flare up The theory is this could allow a clinician to administer High O₂ Therapy at home before hospitalisation.

Live Patient Data was successfully obtained.

This Research showed that Remote Patient Monitoring of Ventilated Patients at home is possible.

Limitations - use of a DMM was great for Proof of Concept, but something more robust such as a Data Acquisition Device can be used for faster data acquisition.

The future work for this project is very exciting, Such a cloud system for remote monitoring and control could be integrated with patient Electronic Health Records to develop a clinical decision support system. This would lead seamless integration into a patients record to aid a clinician in making a decision, aided by remote patient monitoring

Bibliography: [1] Blouet, S., Sutter, J., Fresnel, E., Kerfourn, A., Cuvelier, A. & Patout, M. (2018) Prediction of severe acute exacerbation using changes in breathing pattern of COPD patients on home noninvasive ventilation. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Volume 13, 2577-2586.

[2] COPSI, 2015 Manifesto for COPD Available at: https://copd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Final-Manifesto.pdf Figure 1: Block Diagram of Remote Patient Monitoring Solution

Figure 2: Live Patient Inspiratory Data on Cloud Service (ThingSpeak)

Figure 3: LabVIEW UI, showing live Inspiratory data and details of DMM and HTTP transmission

Figure 4: Ventilator Screen Displaying Patient Waveform

Faculty of Engineering and Design Head of Department: Dr David Mulligan

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

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Motion Sensor

Robotic Arm

Email: Saif410131@gmail.com

Atlantic technological university

Email: S00201187@atu.ie

Abdullah Alsaidi

Mob: 0833814035

Introduction

Methodology

Results

The manufacturing industry of the global economy is important because it deals with the manufacture of goods employing a range of technologies, processes, and raw materials. The sector is essential for fostering job growth, generating income, and stimulating the economy. The manufacturing industry includes a wide range of subsectors, such as consumer products, food and electronics, beverage, aerospace, automobiles, and electronics.

Manufacturers must employ cuttingedge technology like automation and robots to stay competitive. The industry also tries to provide the safety of the workers, and the sustainability of the environment.

The Methodology of robotic arm, first the arm, The Tinker Kit Braccio arm use the Arduino software system to be programmed. The arm is propelled by five servo motors. The tiny servo motor is made of aluminum brackets and plastic parts. The arm can lift to 400 g and has a maximum reach of around 53 cm. This arm use Arduino to be regulates how it move to transport goods from one location to another. This arm can be added to it some components like in this project for example sensers & pixy 2 camera to be able to see the given tasks. For the control system, the robotic arm control system generally consists of a combination of hardware and software elements that cooperate to plan the movement of the arm and its functions so that it can perform the tasks assigned to it. For the robotic arm to move, the control system hardware will use sensors, actuators, motors, and other electrical components been used. Algorithms and computer codes embedded in control system software components often allow the arm to perform specific functions and respond to commands. These software elements might include path planning algorithms, motion control algorithms, and software interfaces that let a client or other system operate the arm. For this project the software is Arduino.

After all the components is add together it placed on a factory then start to work by the camera (pixy 2) see the coming objects then it sends the data to the Arduino so it can give the commands into the servo motor so the arm can move and take the parts to it places.

Despite the numerous challenges the project has faced, the outcome was successful. The Arm and the Pixy camera are programmed using the Arduino software. After that, the motors are switched out with DC motors, which are considerably easier to program.

The Motion sensor robotic arm project is a project to build and programme by using an Arduino board to make it able to transfer objects from one end to another using a vision system called pixy2 camera.

Research Before starting the current project, I thought about a lot of ideas and research until the current project was approved by the supervisor. I did extensive research and study before starting the current project. When it was approved, there were a few points to look out for as they are among the tasks most critical to my ability to finish this project by the deadline.

These research objects are the following: 1. Materials 2. Robotic arm

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The motors moved as they should have once the Pixy camera recognized the objects on the board. The robotic arm's six servo motors were all successfully able to move.

Conclusion In conclusion, the motion sensor robotic arm has done it manufacturing purpose by the camera (pixy 2) see the coming objects then it sends the data to the Arduino so it can give the commands into the servo motor so the arm can move and take the parts to it places.

Photos:

2023

The Student Journey Framework

Water Dryer Machine Introduction:

This project have been considered to build to dry the water on the floor and get to work within specific area and avoid objects coming on the way.

Ali ALRabaani

Patrick Kennedy & Muhammed Mahmood

S00201847@atu.ie

S00201847

Materials/Component: The material that have

been used to build the chassis of the project is plastic. Servo motor, Ultra-sonic sensor, line tracking module, DC motors and Arduino board with a shield on top of it.

Programming:

For this project I have considered to use a C++ Arduino codes.

Testing/Results:

All the components were responding and preforming to their tasks as requested on the code.

The only component that did not work as requested is the linetracking module.

conclusion:

Up until this point, some challenges have occurred such as let the servo motor work within 180 degrees. Also, stop the line tracking module from following the line.

References:

Li, H., 2017. Target infrared radiation calculation model and method based on finite element analysis method in infrared photoelectric detection system. Sensor Review, 37(1), pp.26-32.

Gabriel, M.M. and Kuria, K.P., 2020. Arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 motion detector with the display of distance in the LCD. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technical Research, 9.

Faculty Head of Department

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

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Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Part detection & Pick & Place System Student names: Bryan Gavigan and Taurin McLaverty

Supervisor: Jamie Roche

Student Emails: s00214006@atu.ie & s00211239@atu.ie

Introduction Palletizing is used very commonly in the industry for example most factories would often have a palletizing cell to cut labour costs and human error.

This project aims to replicate what would be used in industry. This machine has the ability to not only palletize but also to distinguish between two different parts.

Methodology

Results

Programming: The following are the steps in which the ladder logic programme will be carried out; • Part is placed by the operator into the chute. The cylinder then pushes the part out onto the conveyor.

• Once the part is on the conveyor it will travel to the camera and an image will then be taken.

• Once the image is taken it will send a signal to the PLC. The PLC will communicate with the robot telling it if it is a Circle or square, the Robot will then pick and place the part.

• The image below is our network layout:

Research We decided to use an Allen Bradley PLC as they are common in industry and experience with them would come in useful once we leave college and begin to work in industry.

ABB are a leading manufacturer in industrial robotics and almost every workplace in Ireland that uses industrial robots would have an ABB. We decided to use an Omron FQ camera for part detection.

• The Robot was successfully executing the routines that we created.

• The FQ2 Camera is scanning parts and communicating with the PLC. • The Parts funnel feeds parts as planned.

Conclusion

This project was extremely beneficial towards both our engineering careers, PLC programming and robot programming will be very beneficial to us when we go into industry.

We did however find the programming and manufacturing of our project more difficult then we first presumed.

Faculty Head of Department ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

To prevent injury due to orthostatic hypotension using an automated compression response system.

Jack Quinn, Evan Oates S00210124@atu.ie, S00212337@atu.ie

Jamie Roche, Dinesh Duraibabu, Aonghus Murphy

Introduction

Results

Elderly people are often victims of falls due to fainting caused by orthostatic hypotension. This occurs when the walls of the arteries at the lower extremities weaken with age and cannot force blood back up to the heart. What this means is blood will pool in the lower extremities and therefore deprive the brain of oxygen leading them to faint.

The completion of the data collection needed to create a model for our project was successful obtained by ethical means. This was the first goal we successfully completed. The calculation of the users PTT was also completed, this in turn allowed the modelling of our systems main function to be created too. This completed our second goal. The completion our third goal was successfully achieved. We were able to pass the PTT value through a regression model that gave us an accurate BP reading. Finally, we were able to identify any dangerous readings from the live feed from the sensors. When these values were identified the system would then notify the user that the compression system needs to be actuated. The systems compression system also actuated efficiently when prompted to.

Conclusions & Recommendations

Figure 1 – Different measurement points of PTT

Methodology To collect the necessary data from a variety of people, consent forms were obtained and distributed to any individual that consented to having their data collected.

The data collection was carried out by using an ECG, PPG and BP monitor simultaneously. This gave the actual BP of the individual that we would be our aim value to obtain. To do this we calculated the PTT from our ECG peak values and PPG peak values obtained from the project's sensors.

This data was then used to compare our live readings to. The collected data was all from individuals that did not have any past issues with orthostatic hypotension so the assumption of safe ECG and PPG levels can be made.

Figure 3 – Layout of Project Body

Research Aims & Objectives • To collect the ECG, PPG and BP measurements to develop a model to continuously monitor BP. • To calculate a person's Pulse Transient Time (PTT) using the ECG and PPG sensor readings.

• To put the PTT value through the regression model to get a BP reading.

• To identify dangerous readings from an individual's live readings and actuate the compression system.

The “unsafe” ECG and PPG trend then needed to be identified. This was done by identifying a decreasing trend in the ECG and PPG levels which would cause a lower PTT. These types of trends would actuate the system. Any readings that continuously decreased would cause the system to actuate and compress the abdomen.

Figure 4 – Project Body

Figure 5 – Layout of Project Body Figure 2 – Body Tunic / Compression System

To conclude, we successfully obtained data, created a model from that data and created an regression model that can consistently identify peak values and calculate the PPT from these figures. We were also able to identify unsafe PPT value trends used to notify the user to actuate the compression system autonomously.

If this project were to be done again a faster air pump would be ideal as this would reduce the delay between low BP detection and the compression of the abdomen.

Ref (Fig. No.1) Advances in Photoplethysmography Signal Analysis for Biomedical Applications Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Differentmeasurement-points-of-PTT-45_fig4_325675749 [accessed 26 Apr, 2023]

Figure 6 – Compression System Connector and Release Valve

Jack Quinn (S00210124)

Faculty Head of Department

Evan Oates (S00212337)

atu.ie

ATU Sligo

173

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Aerial Navigator for Geographic R.A.N.G.E.R Robotic Exploration & Reconnaissance

Abstract The primary objective of this project is to design and implement a quadcopter drone capable of conducting simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques in areas void of GPS, thereby enhancing its navigational capabilities in challenging environments.

The flight control system is managed by a microcontroller, which leverages software-based PID controllers to adjust pitch, roll, yaw, and altitude. To achieve precise orientation estimation, Kalman filtering is utilized in conjunction with the inertial measurement unit (IMU).

The SLAM process is executed on a Raspberry Pi equipped with ROS, which collects LiDAR data and offloads processing and visualization tasks to a remote PC.

Research A significant amount of research was conducted to ensure the successful development of the vehicle. The research process involved investigating various topics such as: • • • • •

Multi-copter Design Control System Design Filtering and Sensor Fusion SLAM Techniques ROS (Robot Operating System)

This research equipped me with the knowledge needed create a functional drone and by combining knowledge from multiple sources, the project was able to establish a solid foundation for the development and execution of this proof of concept.

Student name: John Spain

Supervisor names: Dr. J Roche, Dr. D Duraibabu, A Murphy

s00211689@atu.ie

Student ID: S00211689

Methodology • • • • • •

Results

Design, specification and 3D printing of quadcopter components.

Integration of Teensy-based flight controller, Inertial measurement and speed control instruments.

Implementation of PID controllers for pitch, roll, and yaw corrections.

Incorporation Kalman filtering to achieve accurate orientation estimation.

Implementation of Raspberry Pi and ROS for lidar data acquisition and transmission.

Processing of transmitted lidar data on a remote PC for SLAM.

Flight Control Flow Chart Start

loop() function

Include required libraries and define constants

Read IMU and Calculate Orientation

Initialize variables

Apply Kalman filter to obtain refined angle estimates

setup() function

Calculate inertial acceleration and update altitude

Configure gyroscope and accelerometer

Read PPM receiver inputs and update control inputs

Initialize compass and barometer

Calculate PID controller outputs

Calibrate gyro and barometer

Update motor control outputs

Configure altimeter and Kalman filter matrices

Set motor PWM signals

Set up PPM receiver and arm motors

End (return to step 5)

The quadcopter drone demonstrated semi-stable flight with good orientation estimation considering the hardware, thanks to the implementation of PID controllers and sensor fusion.

SLAM was achieved through the integration of Raspberry Pi and ROS, with the remote PC processing the lidar data.

Figure 1: Completed Build

Figure 2: Occupancy Grid Map using SLAM

Conclusion This project serves as a proof of concept for the mapping of areas without GPS access.

Despite imperfections in the results, the project provided a comprehensive learning experience and a solid foundation for future projects.

The knowledge gained in digital controller design, control system design, and ROS integration can be applied to future work. Future work may explore optimizing the drone's design, integrating advanced algorithms for enhanced SLAM capabilities, and addressing the many limitations observed in this project.

Faculty: Mechatronic Engineering Head of Department: David Mulligan Atlantic Technological University, Sligo

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atu.ie

2023

175

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Voice-Controlled Automated Apprentice Morgan Davis

Supervisors:

Student ID: S00232627

Introduction

The trades have been dealing with a continuous decrease in laborers for decades (Rock, 2012), and I know from experience that there is an overabundance of repetitive tasks that can be replaced by an automated tool.

With over three years of professional working experience in the trades and a keen interest in the automation industry, a sharp insight has been gained into which tasks can be replaced by an automated machine.

The Voice-Controlled Automated Apprentice (VCAA) aims to fix this issue by providing a helping hand. This machine cuts plastic pipe to specific lengths based on measurements received through voice-input by using speech recognition.

Neural Network

This machine uses a Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) for its speech recognition system. A CNN functions by analysing images. To be used for audio input this neural network transforms the audio waveform into a spectrogram as seen below.

Jamie Roche Aonghus Murphy

Results

The Convoluted Neural Network worked as desired and was able to operate the system effectively and was able to interpret the spoken word with good accuracy when tested. The custom designed pipe-feeding system functioned effectively to move the pipes a precise distance.

CAD and 3D Printing

The VCAA uses 3D printed parts that were custom-designed in the AutoDesk Inventor application. These parts include mounted plates for motors, and a system designed for moving pipes.

The pipe-feeding system seen below was inspired by pipe-line rollers that are commonly seen in the oil industry

Methodology

Design This process involved: • Research into viable options for the pipe-feeding device • 3D design prototyping Programming This process involved: • Training the Neural Network • Making a MATLAB program to use the network that connects to the Arduino • Programming in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment to control servo and stepper motors Fabrication This Process Involved: • Assembling the custom designed parts with bearings and other parts required Testing Testing involved measuring the amount of pipe that was moved when a command was input to ensure accuracy.

Figure 3: Speech recognition waveform and spectrogram

Conclusion

Figure 1: Pipe-feeding device

Controllers

Two Arduino Uno microcontrollers were used. One was programmed through MATLAB to provide outputs when specific numbers were stated.

The second Arduino Uno received these signals and was programmed to move the pipe the specified distance before actuating the saw to make the cut.

The main aspects completed in my project were: • Neural network for speech recognition • Connecting MATLAB to the Arduino microcontroller • Automated operation of the saw These objectives were effectively completed to make an operational automated voice-controlled pipecutting machine.

References

Rock, L., 2012. Labour shortages in skilled trades, the best guestimate? : Pénuries de main-d'oeuvre dans les métiers spécialisés, Les Meilleures estimations?. [Online] Available at: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1227664/labour-shortagesin-skilled-trades-the-best-guestimate/1780736/

Figure 2: Arduino Uno Microcontrollers

Morgan Davis LinkedIn Profile

Faculty Head of Department

ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Project Olympus  Oisin McLoughlin  S00228280@atu.ie

 Jack Crumley  S00210270@atu.ie

 Killian Hagan  S00212361@atu.ie

Supervisors: Jamie Roche, Aonghus Murphy, Dinesh Duraibabu.

Introduction Vision Systems Many poor and war-stricken countries don’t have access to the same quality of surgeons and equipment as the rest of the world. Telesurgery solves this problem by utilizing robotic technology to perform surgery wirelessly from a remote location.

Our aim is to create a robotic arm that can be controlled through a motion capture camera to replicate telesurgery.

Vision Systems The vision system we used was Leap Motion. We used the motion capture camera to track the movement of our hand and send the signals to the robot that will replicate our actions.

Code The code we used for this project was C++ and Java. The Arduino is used to programme the motors and Java is used to programme the camera. By using serial ports and the Arduino Firmata Library we tried to integrate the two to allow the camera to communicate with the Arduino, so when a certain movement is detected the assigned motor(s) activate.

3D Printing

Vision Systems The vision system we used was Leap Motion. We used the motion capture camera to track the movement of our hand and send the signals to the robot that will replicate our actions.

For the building of our robot, we utilized the models on the website ‘InMoov’. We printed off the necessary parts on the 3D printers that were available to us in the college. We assembled it in the college during lab hours.

Mechatronic Engineering ATU Sligo

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Automated Shopping Trolley Muiris Flynn

Liam O’Neill-Chambers

Supervisors:

S00105072@atu.ie

S00212473@atu.ie

Jamie Roche, Aonghus Murphy, Dinesh Duraibabu

Introduction

Methodology

For our project we hoped to develop a concept that will allow the user to travel freely throughout the isles with their shopping trolly behind them. Our main aim was to design a product to keep an optimum working distance that is convenient for the user to shop and walk without interference or hinderance.

The project aims to use a vision sensor and an anti-collision system to control the pace and direction of a trolley.

We used a HuskyLens camera as the main tool to send a signal to the servo motors on the trolley to direct it where it needs to go.

The project requires extensive research, troubleshooting, and problem solving to achieve a safe standard for public use.

The original program libraries used for the trolley include an object tracking library and a servo library code to control the direction of the front wheels.

The trolley is also fitted with multiple ultrasonic sensors to ensure that the trolley itself doesn’t collide with anything that blocks its path whether that be a customer of loose product on the shop floor.u

The flowchart associated with the design of the product shows how it will react to the different environments and obstacles that the trolley will face. It is also a good reference for the designer to keep him/her on the right path and avoid distractions or going away from the end goal when building the automated trolley.

The code above uses the information received from the vision sensor to control the left turning mechanism of the trolley. From a starting position of ninety degrees the servo motor will move one degree less until it reaches fifty degrees with a delay of fifteen milli seconds depending on the coordinates of the object in the lens of the vision sensor.

Results We ran into issues regarding the code as we struggled to get the different libraries to all work in sync which in turn slowed down the process of getting all to work together. With the code we have, in theory it should work but we just need to sort out those few teething issues before the project is fully complete.

Research Some points of research include: • Speed Controllers • Servo motors • Arduino Mega 2560 • Vision Systems • Ultrasonic Sensors

Conclusion

The collision avoidance system will use ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles or people and stop or move the trolley away from them.

However, initial testing using lights on a breadboard did not yield accurate results.

Overall, the project while it threw up various problems at different stages of the design and build was a success in our eyes. The problems we encountered in amalgamating the various codes together forced us to look at different avenues of control while all the time learning through the trial and error and research combined. Regardless of these obstacles we were able to build a concept that hit all the objectives we set out in the proposal.

Faculty Head of Department ATU Sligo

atu.ie

atu.ie

2023

Voice-controlled wheelchair Nhat Long Van Pham

Supervisor name: Jamie Roche, Aonghus Murphy

S00205143@atu.ie

Student ID: S00205143

Introduction

Visual Working Process

The most critical challenge faced by quadriplegic patients is controlling personal mobile devices. With this in mind, we propose a voice-controlled wheelchair. Patients can use their voice to manage mobility aids through which their mobility is improved.

Research Some points of research include: • Sound recognition (EasyVR 3) • Control/Processing (Arduino Mega, Stepper motor) • Power Source (Lead Acid battery) • 3D Printing (CAD Modelling, UltiMaker Cura Software) Plastic (PLA) • Inductive proximity sensor (Ultrasonic, Optoelectronic)

Additional Safety Systems

Sound Processing Subsystem

Using Ultrasonic sensors to calculate the distance between the product and the hazardous obstacles in case of blocking voice and send it to the microcontroller.

Then, the microcontroller will stop running the motors directly.

Receiving commands from the user and processing them into a digital command by comparing it with the built-in command through EasyVR 3 voice-recognition Module. That means we don’t have to train it again by voice; everyone can use the product.

Control system

Power system

Conclusion

Receiving the commands from Sound Processing Subsystem and providing them to the stepper motors through Arduino Mega 2560. Then the data is generated and saved to a control report.

Using a rechargeable lead acid battery to provide power for all components. to last a long time.

The creation of this project was very beneficial for quadriplegic patients and was a valuable method of gaining new knowledge. The main aim was to test the running possibility of a voice-controller wheelchair. With this in mind, the project has been successful. Furthermore, it has shown the usefulness of the proximity sensor in protection and safety now and in the future.

Result Table of results based on Arduino Software’s Serial monitor: Working Command Forward Back

Forward

Back

Right

Left

88

Error 12

73

Right

87

7

Left

6

76

Stop

Stop

11

16

9

9

92

8

6

Issues Encountered: • Programming the EasyVR to recognise voice: Because of the heading for everyone using this wheelchair, the built-in command was used.

Unfortunately, that leads to some errors when recognising the words.

Faculty Head of Department

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ATU Sligo

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Robotic Lawnmower Kyle O’ Driscoll Ethan Mc Guinness Student ID: S00214124, S00211223

Introduction

Methodology Contd:

Conclusion: The key objectives were met on the completion of this project.

Maintaining a well-manicured lawn requires consistent effort and time investment. To reduce the time and effort involved in mowing a lawn, robotic lawnmowers have emerged as a popular solution.

These robotic devices operate autonomously and can cut grass without human intervention.

The use of robotic lawnmowers has many advantages, including time savings, energy efficiency, and reduced noise pollution.

Additionally, robotic lawnmowers have the potential to increase safety by eliminating the need for people to operate traditional lawnmowers. The motivations to build a robotic lawnmower are numerous and compelling.

Objectives • The objective is to remove perimeter barriers for the traditional automated lawn mower. The aims of the project are as follows: • • • •

Arduino controlled.

Obstacle avoidance.

Fully automated.

Path Orientated.

• From the completion of this project, many skills were developed.

Figure 1: Ultrasonic sensor Designing/Planning • A Gantt chart was developed to ensure all aspects of the project were completed on time.

• A test plan was developed to ensure correct operation of each component of the project.

• Various shapes and curvatures were implemented and tested to see which suited best.

Build • The project is based around an Arduino Uno board.

• Ultrasonic sensors are implemented to prevent the Robot from colliding with other obstacles.

• Gear motors are used for forward and backward propulsion • Server motor provides 180 degrees rotation for the ultrasonic sensor.

• The motor driver shield provides adequate power for motor rotation.

Methodology: Research: The research phase started in September 2021. Some Points of research include: • Arduino • Ultrasonic Sensors • GPS systems • Control and vision systems

Supervisor name:Jamie Roche, Aonghus Murphy, Dinesh Duraibabu

• Skills such as programming, designing, electrical and mechanical skills were developed and integrated throughout this project.

Contact Information LinkedIn Profile QR codes

Ethan Mc Guinness 0874322689 ethanmcguinness13@gmail.com

Kyle O’Driscoll 0874021456 kyleod2412@hotmail.com Figure 2:Circuit Diagram Department of Mechatronics Head of Department: David Mulligan ATU Sligo

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2023

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ATU Sligo Department of Engineering Technology (Apprenticeships)

atu.ie

2023

Department of Engineering Technology 2021 brought about the establishment of a new department in the Engineering faculty specifically dedicated to trades based apprenticeships. ATU Sligo has a long history of apprenticeship programmes in Ireland since its formation in 1970, and has developed a strong reputation among industries including manufacturing engineering, toolmaking, electrical, plumbing and carpentry and joinery. Currently in the engineering faculty we run three trade apprenticeships and one consortium led apprenticeship.

Padraig McGarry

Head of Department of Engineering Technolgy

Skills based training In partnership with Solas and Employers our role at ATU Sligo is to provide Apprentices with skills based training in a Classroom, Workshop and Lab environment for phase 4 and phase 6 elements of the craft apprenticeships. This requires the apprentice to become a fulltime student of the ATU for up to 11 weeks, and on successful completion of assessments they will then return to their employer and move forward to the next phase of their apprenticeship.

Below is a short description of the trade disciplines that ATU Sligo campus provides training for.

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Electrician What is an Electrician?

The Electrician is involved in the installation, commissioning, testing and maintenance of various wiring systems and services in domestic, commercial and industrial applications. Work ranges from wiring of domestic houses and retail units to more complex systems involving process control and maintenance in industrial plants, hospitals and power stations. Electricians also service, maintain and repair electrical equipment, both domestic and industrial.

Electricians employed by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB Networks) engage in electrical power supply and distribution and are known as Network Technicians. Electricians employed by electrical contractors are usually engaged in the installation of lighting, heating and power equipment and the repair of existing equipment and appliances. Those in industrial employment are generally engaged in the maintenance and repair of factory plant, machinery and generating equipment. Electricians require many skills including: • •

Knowledge of scientific principles Performing general electrical installations

•

Interpreting technical drawings and specifications

•

Planning and organising the installation of electrical systems

•

Inspecting and testing of electrical systems and fault diagnosis

•

Performing routine maintenance and repairs on electrical systems

•

Knowledge and application of Health and Safety Procedures

Craft Apprenticeships: ofApprenticeship Apprenticeship Stages Craft Apprenticeships:Outline Outline of Stages

Apprenticeship Phases Apprenticeship Phases On-The-Job withEmployer Employer with

PHASE 1

PHASE 3

PHASE 5

PHASE 7

Minimum 3 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 3 Months

PHASE 2

PHASE 4

PHASE 6

Generally 22 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

Off-The-Job Off-The-Job

in Training Centre or Educational College in Training Centre or Educational College Total duration of Apprenticeship Qualification is on average 4 years On successful completion you will be a fully qualified Electrical craftsperson with a QQI level 6 advanced craft certificate qualification There are wonderful opportunities for those interested in progressing their career following completion of their apprenticeship.

For more information on opportunities of progression here in ATU Sligo login in to www.atusligo.ie

atu.ie

2023

Carpenter and Joiner What is a Carpenter and Joiner?

A Carpentry and Joinery craftsperson is a highly skilled and knowledgeable partner in the construction industry. The scope of their work is both wide and varied and is mainly wood related.

The Carpentry and Joinery craftsperson uses both traditional and modern methods to achieve the required building standard and can adapt to new technologies and techniques in response to the emerging needs of the workplace.

Carpentry work tends to be site based and ranges from formwork on foundations to fitting the kitchen of a newly built home. Joinery work tends to be based in a workshop where machinery is used to create a range of timber products. This can include windows, doors, staircases, furniture or prefabricated components to be fitted later on-site. Some Carpentry and Joinery craftspeople may specialise in a particular area and become a master craftsperson in for example roofing or stair manufacturing.

The Carpentry and Joinery apprenticeship programme is designed to enable a person to obtain the skills, knowledge and competence to perform effectively as a craftsperson in industry. The programme allows the apprentice to integrate the knowledge and skills acquired during their time in college with their on-the-job training in industry enabling the apprentice to achieve the high level of competence expected of craftspeople in the contemporary workplace. It blends work placed learning with college-based learning over a 4-year duration. Some of the modules covered are: Formwork Domestic foundations to multistorey commercial units Roofing Cut roofs and truss roofs from flat roofs to complex curved structures Joinery Hand skills, tools and machinery in the manufacture of joinery components Craft Geometry Construction detailing, development work and geometrical problem solving Craft Maths Calculations and problem solving related to practical construction situations

Craft Apprenticeships: Outline of Apprenticeship Stages

Team Leadership & Communications Research, articulate and present ideas using ICT skills to enhance communication skills and underpin the importance of Teamwork and working to timelines.

Apprenticeship Phases

Including:

Craft Apprenticeships: Outline of Apprenticeship Stages

On-The-Job Apprenticeship Phases with Employer

On-The-Job with Employer

PHASE 1

PHASE 3

PHASE 5

PHASE 7

Minimum 3 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 3 Months

PHASE 2

PHASE 4

PHASE 6

Generally 22 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

Off-The-Job

in Training Centre or Educational College

Off-The-Job

in Training Centre or Educational College Total duration of Apprenticeship Qualification is on average 4 years

•

Health and Safety

•

Technical Guidance Documents

•

Sustainable Design Principles

•

Timber frame and modular buildings

•

Site setting out and levelling

•

Shop fronts

•

Shop fittings

•

Fire doors

•

Wall panelling

•

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

•

Planning and building standards

On successful completion you will be a fully qualified Carpentry and Joinery craftsperson with a QQI level 6 advanced craft certificate qualification There are wonderful opportunities for those interested in progressing their career following completion of their apprenticeship. For more information on opportunities of progression here in ATU Sligo login in to www.atusligo.ie An apprenticeship in Carpentry and Joinery in Ireland is internationally recognised and can be your passport to guaranteed work across the world.

To register for your apprenticeship in Carpentry and Joinery today login in to https://apprenticeship.ie

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Tool Maker What is a Toolmaker?

A Toolmaker is a skilled worker who produces and maintains precision tools used in the production of metal, plastic and other materials of all shapes and sizes. The work of a toolmaker involves interpreting drawings and technical data to machine and assemble jigs, fixtures, moulding tools, dies and punches. Care and attention to detail and high precision are the hallmark of toolmaking.

Toolmakers work to high specifications and quality requirements to produce machine tools used in manufacturing. Manufacturing industries use the tools to make a diverse range of parts and products. Toolmakers also make moulds to form shapes, jigs to guide cutters or hold a part in place, and dies, which are shaped blocks that are used to cut, stamp or press materials. Toolmakers require many skills including: • Accuracy with measurements and calculations • Ability to interpret engineering drawings to plan the production of a given part or product in accordance with manufacturers specifications • Operating a range of milling and boring machinery, lathes and CNC equipment in the manufacture of parts and products based on the drawings specified • Assembling of manufactured parts ensuring correct and accurate assembly of finished components • Use of a range of hand and power tools • Testing finished product and assessing for accuracy in accordance with specified drawings • Implementing all relevant health and safety legislation in their work practices • Use of manufacturing machinery and measuring equipment

Craft Apprenticeships: ofApprenticeship Apprenticeship Stages Craft Apprenticeships:Outline Outline of Stages

Apprenticeship Phases Apprenticeship Phases On-The-Job withEmployer Employer with

PHASE 1

PHASE 3

PHASE 5

PHASE 7

Minimum 3 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 6 Months

Minimum 3 Months

PHASE 2

PHASE 4

PHASE 6

Generally 22 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

10 to 11 Weeks

Off-The-Job Off-The-Job

in Training Centre or Educational College in Training Centre or Educational College Total duration of Apprenticeship Qualification is on average 4 years On successful completion you will be a fully qualified Toolmaking craftsperson with a QQI level 6 advanced craft certificate qualification.

There are wonderful opportunities for those interested in progressing their career following completion of their apprenticeship.

For more information on opportunities of progression here in ATU Sligo login in to www.atusligo.ie

atu.ie

2023

Research and Innovation

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Research and Innovation in the Faculty of Engineering and Design at ATU Sligo With our inaugural Sligo Engineering and Technology Expo as the Atlantic Technological University, we are delighted to present a snapshot of some of the exciting Research and Innovation activities of the Faculty.

As a Technological University we have an increasing focus on research and how it can enhance and support our teaching as well as play an important role in the future socio-economic and sustainable development of the region. As evident in the following pages, ATU Sligo staff and postgraduate students are active in research in many areas including manufacturing, health, environment and sustainability, often engaging with local companies, hospitals, local government and other agencies in the research.

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The Faculty of Engineering and Design at ATU Sligo is playing a leading role in developing and growing strategic research areas in: • The Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research Centre and PEM Technology Gateway (PEM www.pemcentre.ie) • The Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE, www.itsligo.ie/MISHE) • The Health and Biomedical Strategic Research Centre (HEAL, www.itsligo.ie/heal-2) • The Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability (CERIS, www.itsligo.ie/research/ strategic-research-centres/ceris) • The Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS, www.itsligo.ie/MOCHAS) An exciting recent development is the formation of a Faculty Research and Innovation Forum chaired by Gerard McGranaghan and Mary Loftus. The Forum is open to all staff and students with an interest in research and innovation activities and is actively working towards the enhancement of the research environment and the growth of research and innovation culture. Watch this space!

2023

#4D0857#4D0

857

• 15 PhD Students • 32 Principal Investigators • 34 External Partners o 9 Public Enterprises o 11 Private Enterprises o 14 National and International Research Partners • 11 Regional Stakeholders

The Postgraduate Research Training Programme (PRTP) in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS) is an exciting new interdisciplinary, cohort-based research training programme. The MOCHAS PRTP aims to produce high-level, multidisciplinary research graduates who can develop, communicate, and exploit modelling tools for the solution of real-world problems relevant to societal needs. The individual research projects have been developed in tandem with stakeholders including hospitals, local government and industry, and address problems encompassing environmental sustainability, zero-carbon transport planning, medical devices, and health technologies. The cohort of PHD scholars share a common core training program which entails development of the technical skills but also the soft skills in communication, visualisation, cost analysis and innovation processes which are key to successful exploitation and impact of modelling and computational tools.

For more information contact: Dr. Marion McAfee – ATU Sligo – marion.mcafee@atu.ie, Dr. Liam Morris – ATU Galway – liam.morris@atu.ie, Dr. Eoghan Furey – ATU Donegal – eoghan.furey@atu.ie Twitter - @MOCHAS_PRTP LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/mochas-prtp/

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Mathematical Modelling of Shared Mobility Services in Semi-Rural Areas Jack McShane1,2, Dr. Eoghan Furey1,2, Dr. Marion McAfee1,3, Dr. Leo Creedon1,3, Dr. Padraig Gallagher1,2 1. MOCHAS PRTP

2. ATU Donegal

3. ATU Sligo

MaaS transport options?

What is MaaS?

ATU Donegal

The term Mobility as a Service (MaaS) refers to a service model that meets the customer’s transport needs through integrated transport services on a single interface.

Working Research Question

As part of the integration of MaaS, there are many forms of transport offered through one interface, including public transport, walking, cycling, carpooling, bike share, rental of car or bike & taxis.

Mobility as a Service

Can transport equity & environmental impact reduction be achieved via modelling the integration of autonomous and shared mobility services in semi-rural areas?

Are people happy with the current options?

Figure 1: Public Consultation – 3189 responses – Connecting Ireland Rural Mobility Plan (May 2022).

• • • • • • • • •

What are the semi-rural requirements?

Accessibility • Better Transport Connections • More Services • Better Infrastructure/ Collection • Areas • Frequency of Services • Reliability (Time Management) Availability of Information Personal Transport • Accessibility • Rural Isolation

More Destinations Emissions Vehicle Types Costs Local Economy Possibility of Walking and Cycling Safety Journey Times

Proposed Workflow Analyse

Analyse current Mobility as a Service data and establish what creates a need for transport in semi-rural areas.

Create

Create mathematical models to predict movement in semi-rural areas under emerging or new mobility services.

Influence

Influence transport policies created by local government and route planning.

References • Jittrapirom, P., Caiati, V., Feneri, A.-M., Ebrahimigharehbaghi, S., González, M.J.A., and Narayan, J. (2017) ‘Mobility as a Service: A Critical Review of Definitions, Assessments of Schemes, and Key Challenges’, Urban Planning, 2(2), 13–25, available: https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i2.931.

• Hietanen, S., 2014. Mobility as a Service. The new transport model, 12(2), pp.2-4., available: https://silo.tips/queue/sampohietanen-ceo-its-finland?&queue_id=1&v=1670463815&u=ODYuNDAuOTIuMTcx • MaaS Alliance (2022) What Is MaaS? [online], available: https://maasalliance.eu/homepage/what-is-maas/ • National Transport Authority (2022) ‘Connecting Ireland Rural Mobility Plan’, National Transport Authority, 109.

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

atu.ie

2023

Modelling Materials for Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Applications

ATU Sligo

Babatunde Akinpelu1, Simeon Abolade1, David Obada1 Supervisors: Syam Kumar1, John Healy2, Akinlolu Akande1 1Centre for Mathematical ModellingStudent and Intelligent name Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

2School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Galway babatunde.akinpelu@research.atu.ie RESULTS

Bandgap 1.26 0.83

Fig 1: Comparison of thermoelectric device energy conversion and conventional thermal plant [1].

INTRODUCTION  Photovoltaic and thermoelectric materials create power without emitting greenhouse gases, making them sustainable energy sources [2].  Ternary chalcogenides and Heusler alloys have been reported as good photovoltaic and thermoelectric materials due to their high optical absorption coefficients [3].  NaBiSe2 is investigated in this work as Bi is non-toxic, heavy and exhibits strong spin orbit coupling.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1. To investigate the photovoltaic properties of the NaBiSe2 2. To study the thermoelectric properties (Figure of merit, power factor,

atu.ie

seebeck coefficient) of the NaBiSe2

COMPUTATIONAL METHOD & WORK FLOW VASP DFT CALCULATION

Band and Density of states calculation

Boltzmann Transport Equation (BoltzTraP code)

Temperature (𝑻𝑻)

Seebeck coefficient (𝑺𝑺)

Electrical Conductivity (𝝈𝝈)

FUTURE WORK

Thermal Conductivity (𝒌𝒌)

Power Factor (𝑺𝑺𝟐𝟐 𝝈𝝈)

Figure of Merit(𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁=

𝑺𝑺𝟐𝟐 𝝈𝝈 𝒌𝒌

This work will inspire the numerical investigation of Heusler's alloys BCaX (X = Al, In, Y, Sc, Hf) and ScGeY (Y= Cu, Zn) by utilizing the aforesaid methodology to get ecofriendly high figure of merit materials for thermoelectric applications. The materials should also anticipate outstanding photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties.

REFERENCES

𝑻𝑻)

IMPORTANT FINDINGS  The bandgap of this material is suitable for photovoltaic applications  This compound show promising excellent thermoelectric properties at 300K compared to well known thermoelectric materials.

[1] Bisht, N., More, P., Khanna, P. K., Abolhassani, R., Mishra, Y. K., & Madsen, M. (2021). Materials Advances, 2(6), 1927-1956.

[2] N.G.F. Reaver, S.V. Khare, Imminence of peak in US coal production and overestimation of reserves, Int. J. Coal Geol. 131 (2014) 90.

[3] K. Hoang, S.D. Mahanti, Atomic and electronic structures of IV-VI2 ternary chalcogenides, J. Sci.: Adv. Mater. Devices 1 (2016) 51.

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

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Design and development of advanced porous implants through Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing Babak Ziaie1, Xavier Velay1, Waqas Saleem2 1. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

Student name 2. Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, TUDublin, Dublin.

ATU Sligo

Overview

• The mismatch between the stiffness of solid implants and bone causes detrimental shear stress in the bone-implant interface, bone resorption, and implant loosening (the stress shielding effect).

• Porous structures have considerably lower stiffness than solid, dense structures so the applied loads can transfer to bone tissues and according to Wolff's law accelerate bone ingrowth, bone remodeling, and implant fixation.

• Porous implants are also beneficial for cell seeding, migration, vascularization, and mass transport of nutrients from and to the cells.

Bone morphology

Porous cell samples with different porosities; CAD models (A, B, C); Additive manufactured samples (D, E, F) and their elasticity modulus calculation [3]

Topology optimization implemented by FEM

• Topology optimization is a structural optimization technique that optimizes the distribution of the material in a specific design domain and can be carried out by collective use of Finite Element Method (FEM) concepts and different optimization algorithms • The most implemented, primarily accepted, and mathematically well-defined interpolation methodology is the SIMP model.

• Bone consists of the outer cortical bone and the inner trabecular bone.

• Trabecular bone consists of cellular structures with 55-70% porosity.

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Topology optimization algorithm (SIMP) and flowchart [4]

Additive manufacturing

Porous structure of bones [1]

Porous Structures •

Elasticity modulus of porous structures can be adjusted by changing their morphologies and parameters and predicted by the Gibson and Ashby model.

•

𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚:

• Optimized designs of metallic porous structures can be manufactured by SLM or SLS methods with acceptable density and precision.

• Post-processing of porous implant is done for the required surface finish, and different tests are conducted to verify the mechanical biocompatibility performance.

𝐸𝐸 ∗ 𝜌𝜌 ∗ 𝑚𝑚 = 𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠 𝜌𝜌𝑠𝑠

A design of porous hip implant and porous samples made by SLM [5, 6]

References

(a) Strut-based structures; (b) Sheet-based TPMS; (c) Optimised cells [2]

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Wang X, et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.012 Mahmoud D, et al., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp1020013 W. M. Chen, et al., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0097-6 Kladovasilakis N, et al., https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5030044 Yang L, et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.12.007 Sutradhar A, et al., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-015-1418-0

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

atu.ie

2023

The use of low-cost sensors for monitoring and modelling dynamic temporal microplastic pollution in freshwater Ismaila Abimbola1, Marion McAfee2, Leo Creedon2, Salem Gharbia1 1.

2.

ATU Sligo

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, ATU Sligo Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, Sligo

Introduction

Aim of Project

▪ Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. There are emerging concerns about their impacts on human health and the environment (Khant & Kim, 2022).

▪ Microplastics can be ingested directly by drinking water or indirectly from food preparation and bathing (Wright & Kelly, 2017).

▪ The direct health impact is still not well established.

However, microplastics can act as vectors for toxic pollutants and microorganisms and pose severe risks (Campanale et al., 2020).

▪ The traditional method used to sample microplastic has several limitations, including having low spatial and temporal coverage and being costly, tedious and timeconsuming.

▪ The overall aim of this study is to develop a novel tool for tracking and assessing freshwater vulnerability to microplastic pollution at a fine temporal resolution.

▪ This research proposes a framework to monitor microplastics in freshwater in real time by applying integrated machine learning, GIS, remote sensing, statistical downscaling, and low-cost sensors.

▪ The study is motivated by the availability of low-cost cameras, internet and cloud computing services

Project Objectives ▪ Quantify the distribution of microplastic pollution in real-time and predict future trends.

▪ Understand the impact of hydrology, land use/land cover (LULC) and climate on microplastic pollution.

▪ Track and assess the vulnerability of freshwater to microplastic pollution in real time.

▪ Monitor, model and predict the sources and pathways of microplastics in freshwater.

Proposed Material and Method Data collection and processing

Microplastics Multispectral cameras: ❑ Visible ❑ Infrared ❑ Ultraviolet

❑ Realtime micropla stic dataset

Controller: ❑ Cameras connected through USB ❑ Identify object

Transmission: ❑ Wi-Fi ❑ 4G/5G

❑ Machine learning/deep learning to reduce data redundancy

Storage on Cloud database

Land use/Land Cover ❑ Download QuikSCAT radar backscatter data ❑ LULC classification and change modelling ❑ Model land use trends (less than 1-day time step) ❑ Machine learning (training, testing, and validation)

Climate

Results and Decision making

❑ Acquire NASA’s SMAP project data ❑ Statistical downscaling ❑ Model soil moisture with a 2-day time step ❑ Machine learning (training, testing, and validation)

Hydrology ❑ Collect hydrology data including rainfall, flow rate and slope ❑ Model freshwater susceptibility ❑ Machine learning (training, testing, and validation)

References 1. Khant, N. A., & Kim, H. (2022). Review of Current Issues and Management Strategies of Microplastics in Groundwater Environments. Water, 14(7), 1020.

2. Wright, S. L., & Kelly, F. J. (2017). Plastic and human health: a micro issue?

Environmental science & technology, 51(12), 6634-6647.

3. Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Savino, I., Locaputo, V., & Uricchio, V. F. (2020). A detailed review study on the potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(4), 1212.

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

193

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Artificial Intelligence-based Breast Cancer Detection from Advanced Medical Imaging

ATU Sligo

3 Saritha Unnikrishnan1,2 Oladosu Oladimeji1,2,Ian McLoughlin Student name 1. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

2. Faculty of Engineering & Design, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo 3. School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Galway

Introduction • Breast cancer screening is based on analyzing breast medical images such as MRI. • Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome the subjectivity and timeconsumption of manual process.

• AI still has some limitations including explainability and low specificity as well as sensitivity Project objectives: • Identification of the tumor grades and MRI modalities by conducting a comprehensive literature review and liaising with the collaborating medical experts.

• Collection of radiographic data and labelling.

• Extraction of morphological features related to tumor size, shape, intensity and texture followed by statistical analysis to generate a signature for each grade.

• To develop XAI approaches for the prediction of tumor grades from an independent data set.

• Validate feature reproducibility and clinical utility of the developed concept model using prospective data in a clinical setting.

Challenges • The existing AI approaches for breast cancer screening are a black box.

• Subjectivity in the manual evaluation of breast Text or Image Area medical image.

• Limited data sharing.

• Low specificity and sensitivity especially in dense breastText can vary in size depending on content Methodology Remove pink box

atu.ie Expected Results 1. An explainable AI approach for breast cancer detection.

Potential Impact

2. A novel image biomarker that gives a correlation between breast density and breast cancer.

Scopus, 2022

Reduced risk of misdiagnosis

Appropriate treatment suggestions

Relevant Literature 1. S. M. Shah, R. A. Khan, S. Arif, and U. Sajid, “Artificial intelligence for breast cancer analysis: Trends & directions,” Comput. Biol.

Med., vol. 142, no. October 2021, p.

105221, 2022.

2. 2. T. Pang, J. Hsiu, D. Wong, W. Lin, and C. Seng, “Deep learning radiomics in breast cancer with different modalities : Overview and future,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 158, p.

113501, 2020.

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

atu.ie

Early detection of tumors

2023

Human innate immune response modelling using graph-based deep learning Mallikharjuna Rao S¹, Dr. Shagufta Henna¹ 1. Modelling & Computation for Health And Society (MOCHAS), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Donegal.

ATU Donegal • How to model human immunity utilizing protein`s structural and functional attributes?

• Does amino acids physicochemical properties play a role in human immunity?

It is difficult to accurately address issues such as protein folding in immune system modeling due to a lack of structural representation, which could be used for new drug development to improve immunity.

Human Immunity : The sum of all physiologic processes that endow the host with the ability to recognize foreign materials and neutralize, eliminate, or metabolize them with or without harm to its own tissues.

Types of Immunity o Innate immunity o Adaptive immunity •

❖ CNNs fail to capture the structural features of the molecules. ❖ GNN represent the amino acids as nodes and bonds edges. ❖ Graph Models can encode the bonding orders in the structures.

GraphImmuno : ❖ GNN endowed with physicochemical properties. ❖ Amino acids data is processed to represent the graph structures of the proteins. ❖ Model is trained on immunogenicity and potential for peptide and HLA values.

Interaction between HLA (part of WBC) and peptides simulates the Immunity.

HLA : ➢ Genes found on the cell surface. ➢ Encodes the peptides to induct, regulate immune responses.

atu.ie

To model interactions between HLA and peptides using graphbased deep learning models having amino acids as nodes and bonds between them as edges.

▪ Quantitative research methodology.

▪ No labeled data.

▪ Implementation of research ethics and GDDPR regulations.

Peptides : ➢ The chain of the amino acids. ➢ Forms into a well-defined, folded protein. ❖ Interaction between HLA and the peptides of the foreign agents Triggers immune response. ❖ Predictions about the response helps to make the new antigens.

Protein folding ❖ A protein chain spontaneously folding into its biologically active conformation. ❖ Misfolded proteins can accumulate and cause damage to cells, leading to diseases.

DeepImmuno: • CNNs to model the T-Cell immunity using HLA -Peptide data.

• Trained on ambiguous experimental data.

FFNImmuno: • Feed forward network without back propagation for HLA, Peptide data.

• Early convergence because of the unidirectional nature.

•Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) - Adaptive immune response to epitopes information.

•ImMunoGeneTics database (IMGT) - Immunogenetics data for Tcell, HLA, immunoglobulins, and antibodies.

•Protein data bank (PDB) - A repository of structural data for biological macromolecules.

•AAIndex database - Physicochemical properties of amino acids.

• •

•

Binding affinity values between the amino acids.

Perform the graph link prediction tasks on the complex folded protein structures.

Perform sub graph classification and predictions.

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

195

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Autonomous Network Communication Models for Emergency Communication Zahid Ali1, Saim Ghafoor1, Saritha Unnikrishnan2, Ian Mcloughlin3, Eoghan Furey1 Atlantic Technological University, (Donegal1, Sligo2 and Galway3)

ATU Donegal

Aim and Objective

To design and implement efficient communication models and protocols for rapid and self-organized disaster response networks.

Motivation • • •

Natural disasters are unpredictable events which can occur anywhere and anytime.

Victim’s life can be saved if timely response is provided.

In these events Victim’s needs to connect to outside world and be traced, and responders needs to deploy a rapid communication network and communicate with each other to provide rapid and efficient response.

Background • •

Disasters are not same in nature and can partially or full destroy the existing network infrastructure which can result in different challenges for responders.

To cope up with this, first responder communication should have some requirements such as, self-organization, rapid network deployment, coverage, path planning and optimal decision making for search & rescue operations.

• Types of disasters • • • • •

Indoor and Outdoor Earthquake Forest fire Hurricane and Tsunamis Floods

atu.ie

• Disaster requirements

• The first responder requires the following features which can make their communication more reliable and robust for quick emergency response.

QoS (Quality of Service)

Spectrum Agility

Self Organization

Robustness and Reliability

Interoperability

Coverage

Mobility

Rapid deployment

Cost effectiveness

Problems

There are many challenges, few of them are as follows, • Existing network could be partially or fully damaged.

• Timely search and rescue operation with optimal path planning and optimal delay requirements.

• Rapid deployment of a temporary network within first 48 hours, until a more stable help arrive.

• Self-organization and management of provided communication networks.

• Quality of service for including throughput, delay, and transmission rates.

• Link establishment • Efficient spectrum selection, utilization, and management • Backhaul connectivity

Preliminary solution

• Following are the two possible challenges and scenarios.

• •

In figure 1, victim is lost or trapped, and responders' job is to find/trace victim using an optimal path and with minimum delay.

In figure 2, responders' job is to deploy a rapid and self-organize network to establish communication between responders and victims.

Figure 1: Search and Rescue

Figure 2: Disaster Response Network

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

atu.ie

2023

Mathematical modeling of in vivo bioresorption of polymer implants Nanshin Nansak1, Leo Creedon1, Denis O'Mahoney2 and Marion McAfee1 1. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ireland 2. School of Engineering, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Galway, Ireland nanshin.nansak@research.atu.ie

Biodegradable polymer implants • Biodegradable polymers are the types of polymers that degrade via hydrolysis • Implants (medical devices) made from biodegradable polymers are bioabsorbable • Bioresorbable implants provide temporary mechanical support in areas of damaged tissue • Biodegradable polymers coupled with 3D printing make patient-personalized implant manufacturing easy • With suitable polymers, medical devices can be printed anywhere • Polymeric devices get absorbed through hydrolytic degradation (see diagram below)

Methodology • A mathematical model was used to capture the concentration of hydrogen ions from the beginning of the degradation process to the end Result • In this work, the actual concentration of hydrogen ions is estimated through a mathematical model • The consideration of hydrogen ions produced at the long chains, short chains, and the ions that diffuse out of the system at the surface are taken into consideration • The model proposes a relation for the actual concentration of hydrogens ions by introducing a new diffusion term • The diffusion term captures the electrochemical potential and valency of hydrogen in the system • The hydrogen ion concentration model is shown below

The degradation of synthetic polymers through hydrolysis (Li et al., 2019)

Degradation of Polymeric Implants • The degradation of a biodegradable implant starts immediately upon implantation • During this process, water attacks ester bonds leading to chain scission and the production of short and long polymer chains • The carboxylic end of the polymer dissociates hydrogen ions which accelerate the reaction, hence rendering the process autocatalytic • The process leads to the loss of mechanical properties and loss of mass (see graph below)

Interplay between material properties and material degradation (Li et al., 2019)

Acknowledgment

Expected Impact • This model will monitor the concentration of hydrogen ions during the degradation of polymeric devices • It may be used to control the concentration of hydrogen ions in simulation • It will give a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which polymeric devices lose mass • It will help in predicting degradation rates of the polymeric structure

This research is funded by the Atlantic Technological University under the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for This research is funded by Health and Society (MOCHAS PRTP) Faculty the Atlantic Technological University under the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS HeadPRTP) of Department

ATU Sligo

197

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Modelling health-related quality of life in health studies - EQ-5D-5L tool insight.

Patricia Canton Lobera1,2, Richeal Burns 2, Konrad Mulrennan 1

1. The Health and Biomedical Strategic Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo 2. The Department of Health and NutritionalStudent Sciences, name Atlantic Technological University, Sligo patricia.cantonlobera@research.atu.i e

ATU Sligo

richeal.burns@atu.ie konrad.mulrennan@atu.ie

1. Introduction : Funding resourc es for healthcare inno vat ion are li mit ed. For projects to b e dev elop ed correct health economic anal ysis has to be assessed, so health policies that are safe, patient-focused, and cost-effective can be presented.

2. Health economics ev aluat ion: Two most important p aramet ers used in health economics are mortality and morbidity.

Mortality is r el at ed to th e ti me one p erson will surviv e after a med ical intervention (quantity of life).

Morbidit y is ev en more int eresting and insigh tful, as it is rel ated to th e qu alit y of life the individual will have after the medical intervention.

3. Ration al e for HRQoL : evaluation:

2

3

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The digits for the fiv e di mensions can b e - none combined into a 5-digi t nu mber th at - slight - moderate describes the patient’s health state.

- severe We can extract up to 3125 unique - unable / extremely health states.

On anoth er h and, th e EQ-V AS r ecords th e p ati ent’s selfrat ed health on a vertic al visual analogu e scal e, where th e endpoints are labelled.

There are four di verse typ es of health economics

COST-MINIMIZATION ANALYSIS

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS

COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS

The worst health you can imagine

Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness analysis outcome, QALY, allows the calculation of the cost-utility analysis outcome, ICER: 𝑪𝑪 𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏 − 𝑪𝑪 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝑰𝑰𝑰𝑰𝑰𝑰𝑰𝑰= 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏 − 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓

This means that based on QALY, we can establish an incremental costeffectiveness ratio graph by using linear regression for visualizing the impact of the studied health innovation.

Incremental cost-effectiveness plane theory and example [1, 2]

By doing this, we are assessing Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), which gives a measure of overall morbidity, and therefore mortality, over time, allowing comparative frameworks to be established.

4. QAL Y: It is a Multi- attr ibute gen eric measure of disease bu rden , includ ing bo th the quality and the quantity of life lived.

In order to ex trac t QAL Y and therefore assess HRQL, we use multi-attribute utility instruments.

QALY is extracted from HRQoL, as follows: 𝑸𝑸𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨= 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝒙𝒙 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯

It is a nu mber b etween 0 (d eath) and 1 (perfect health).

The best health you can imagine

The main adv antages of the VAS are its simp licity , ease of administration, and scoring system.

The two most interesting ones are the cost-utility and the cost-effectiveness analysis because the outcome are mortality and morbidity-related elements.

atu.ie

The 5L states for the severity levels in each dimension.

1

Plus, it is frequ entl y chos en by p eople and has h igh validity and relevance.

6. EQ-5D-5L valu e sets and mathemat ical model ling: On e of the most i mport ant aspects of th e EQ-5D-5L is th at it is country-specific. That specificit y is achi ev ed by est ablishing country value sets.

Those coun try-v alu e s ets are wei ght ed ind ex es for th e EQ5D-5L and are required to fac ilit ate its us e in esti mating QALY.

EQ-5D index (value-sets) distribution in different countries [5]

The current EQ protocol for the valuation of EQ-5D-5L health states uses composite T.T.O and discrete choice valuation methodology. 𝟓𝟓

𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗 = [𝟏𝟏 − ෍(𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄) ] 𝟏𝟏

Linear regression is, once again, used to extract these values.

The most us ed on e is the EQ-5D-5L, which is us ed in more th an 170 countries for ov er 30 years, in 200 languages.

US EQ-5D-5L value set [6]

QALY representation before and after medical intervention [3]

How much is EQ-5D-5L used worldwide [4] 5. EQ-5D-5L: 5D states for its 5 dimensions, meant to assess a global ev aluat ion of one’s general health.

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activities

Pain/discomfort

Anxiety/depression

When extracting the value set it is important to perform linear equating to obtain more robust information as it creates a common measurement scale across tests.

7. Conclusions: EQ-5D-5L is a complete tool that allows HRQoL assessment. Linear regression is used for both value sets and cost-effectiveness analysis. This gives us an idea of mathematical modelling potential in healthcare research.

8. References:

Arquilla, 2020 https://www.healthline.com/morbidity-vs-mortality Whitehead, 2010 https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article/96/1/5/ Oppe et al., 2014 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24969006/ Anna Hobbins, 2018 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24969006/

This Research is supported by Atlantic Technological University through the Postgraduate Research Training Programme in Modelling and Computation for Health and Society (MOCHAS)

atu.ie

2023

199

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Condition Monitoring of Injection Mould Tools created by Additive Manufacturing Albert Weinert1,2,3 , Dr. David Tormey1,2, Christopher O’Hara1,2, Dr. Marion McAfee1,2,3

ATU Sligo

1. I-Form SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland 2. 2. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

3. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

Background

Additive Manufacturing offers more design freedom for injection mould tooling, enabling greater use of conformal cooling channels and embedded sensors. There are however concerns about the durability of AM manufactured mould tools as they are required to operate in harsh environments that demand a high number of production cycles.

This project aims to deliver instrumented AM mould tools for tool health monitoring and mould tool defect identification such as wear, fatigue stresses, cracking, cooling channel blockages, etc.

Sensor Integration

The tested sensors were integrated into the design of the conventional cavity inserts. The installed sensors collected data during the normal operation of the process to provide better understanding of their behaviour and the amount of background noise collected.

Accelerometer

Acoustic Emission

Testing With Designed Rapid Defect Induction Samples have been designed and tested under the cyclic forces of an injection moulding process. Collected sensor data represented healthy state of the samples. Data representing their failure has been captured as the testing progressed.

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Figure 3. Cavity inserts with both sensors' locations identified.

Data Collection in Conventional Cavities

Collected data during the process trials, provided information relevant to the sensor behavior during each process stage. This data enables filtering out of process data and focusing on data relevant to the state of the mold tool inserts.

atu.ie

0.02

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-0.01

The collected data has been capable of identifying the occurrence of deformation during testing. One of the sensors also showed a significant change in amplitude identifying structural changes in the sample as seen in Figure 2.

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Figure 5. Data representing signals collected during the cooling stage of the process.

Project Supported by

atu.ie

8000

2023

An Overview Of The Smart Injection Mould Tools Demonstrator Project

ATU Sligo

Christopher O’Hara1,2, Mandana Kariminejad1,2, Albert Weinert1,2, Mohammadreza Kadivar1,2,Dr. David Tormey1,2, Dr. Marion McAfee1,2, Dr. Gerard McGranaghan1,2, Dr.Ramesh Raghavendra1,3, Dr. Rokas Sakalys1,3, Bruno Zluhan3 1. I-Form SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland 2. 2. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

3. South Eastern Applied Materials (SEAM), South East Technological University, Ireland

INTRODUCTION

atu.ie

This research explores sensorised injection mould tools that used in conjunction with modelling strategies for:  Component quality prediction and control over critical component quality attributes such as shrinkage and warpage.  Tool condition monitoring (TCM) to detect critical tool failures establishing confidence in the technology for injection moulding  Optimised component cooling through conformal cooling channels (CCC) assessing effects of the additively manufactured (AM) surface roughness on heat transfer in a turbulent flow.  The Sensorisation research explores novel strategies for embedding a wireless Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor in an AM cavity.  Structural lattice design (cavity light weighting) to reduce the weight of the cavities, reducing their overall cost and material consumption and reducing the print time.  Post-processing techniques using AM copper electrodes for sink EDM of the main component cavity in the AM tooling.

Conformal Cooling design, simulation and surface roughness modelling: Final design iteration of the CCC was simulated in MoldFlow (Figure 3). AM surface roughness was modelled and simulated in Ansys - Fluent allowing a correlation between flow and heat transfer.

Cavity lattice design and data collection to date: To fully exploit the design freedom of AM, a lattice design was incorporated to the cavity, designed to withstand 45 Ton force (Figure 6). Moulding and defect tests were performed on the sensorised mould and data retrieved (Figure 7).

METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS

Sensorisation & embedding a wireless SAW sensor: Sensor selection and location (Figures 1 & 2) were based on simulation results from the conformal cooling modelling work identifying hot spots and critical locations.

CONCLUSION

 This research has successfully embedded sensors into additively manufactured 316L stainless steel injection mould tools.  The design and performance simulations for the printed tooling and CCCs have been completed as has simulation work into the effects of additively manufactured surface roughness on heat transfer in various flow regimes.  The cavities were successfully printed and trials of an AM copper EDM electrode have been successful.  Using lattices, lightweight cavities have been designed and are currently being printed, resulting in ~40% weight reduction in the cavities.  Embedded sensors have been proven to be effective in providing data on part quality and tool condition in a real process.

Next Steps: Complete experimental work for each branch of the research and evaluate against previous simulations.

Use collected sensor data to develop models and data processing strategies and evaluate AM cavity performance.

Continue research into precision post-processing techniques.

Project Supported by

201

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Roughness Effects on Conformal Cooling of Injection Moulds Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing Mohammadreza Kadivar1,2,Dr. David Tormey1,2, Dr. Gerard McGranaghan1,2

1. I-Form SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland 2. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

Laminar flow Transitional flow Turbulent flow (Re < 2000) (2000 <Re < 3000) (Re > 3000) Fig. 1. Flow regimes: laminar, transition, turbulent flows

In typical flowrate injection moulds, the flow of cooling fluid is turbulent flow with a Reynold number between 4000 to 15000. However, in conformal cooling applications, the flow regime can be laminar. Therefore, the impact of roughness on both laminar and turbulent flow regimes is of importance.

NUMERICAL STUDY

atu.ie

A series of numerical simulations were performed to study the influence of AM roughness on heat transfer and flow friction in laminar 𝑅𝑅� = 7.1 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 and turbulent flows in rough channels. A numerical model was developed to generate random roughness based on 𝑅𝑅� = 11.9 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 the statistical parameters of roughness. Fig. 2 show numerically generated roughness with the Gaussian distribution used in the 𝑅𝑅� = 17.1 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 computational studies. The rough surfaces were used in a channel shown in Fig 3. and modelled in ANSYS–fluent to simulate heat transfer and Fig. 2. Numerically fluid dynamics. generated roughness As illustrated in Fig. 4, in laminar flow, roughness can enhance heat transfer up to 46%, with only a 3% friction penalty. However, in the channel with low roughness.

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500

Friction increase (%)

(R � = 7.1 μm), the heat transfer enhancement is negative

1000 1500 2000 Re

4 3 2 1 0 -1

Ra = 7.1 Ra = 11.9 Ra = 17.1

0

(b)

500 1000 1500 2000 Re

Fig. 4. (a) heat transfer enhancement and (b) friction increase by roughness in laminar flows

In turbulent flow, as shown in Fig. 5, roughness can lead to heat transfer enhancement of up to 36 % and a friction increase of up to 40 %. The increase in heat transfer with Re tends to reach an asymptotic value, after which increasing the Re (flow rate) has no impact on heat transfer while it increases the friction in channels, demonstrating the existence of an optimum Reynolds number in rough channels.

50 40 30 20 10 0 -10

Ra = 7.1 Ra = 11.9 Ra = 17.1

0

4000

(a)

8000 12000 16000 Re

50 40 30 20 10 0

Ra = 7.1 Ra = 11.9 Ra = 17.1

Friction increase (%)

Surface roughness is a natural consequence of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes that requires consideration within the design of internal cooling channels fabricated by AM. The design and optimisation of AM cooling channels require knowledge of roughness effects on heat transfer and flow friction (pressure drop).

Heat transfer enhancement (%)

INTRODUCTION

heat trasnfer enhancement (%)

ATU Sligo

0

(b)

4000 8000 12000 16000 Re

Fig. 5. (a) heat transfer enhancement and (b) friction increase by roughness in Turbulent flows

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Geometrical factors (e.g. channels cross-section and channel diameter) and AM related parameters (e.g. build orientation) can impact AM roughness. Two experimental rigs (one in ATU Sligo and one in Siemens Energy, Sweden) were built to study different roughness and channel parameters, which is currently being in progress.

Fig. 6. Convective flow rig in ATU Sligo

CONCLUSION

Roughness positively influences heat transfer and negatively impacts the friction (pressure drop) in cooling channels.

The effect of roughness varies with the flow regime with better performance in laminar flow, providing a heat transfer enhancement almost 15 times greater than the resulting friction penalty. However, in turbulent flow, the heat transfer enhancement is almost the same order as friction increases, leading to a 36% heat transfer enhancement compared to a 40% friction increase. There is an optimum value for the Reynolds number for rough channels with a certain roughness that any increase in Reynolds number more than the optimum value leads to only friction increase without noticeable heat transfer improvement.

Project Supported by

atu.ie

2023

Sensorisation of Injection Moulding Process for Prediction and Control of Part Quality Mandana Kariminejad1,2,3,Dr. David Tormey1,2, Christopher O’Hara1,2, Dr. Marion McAfee1,2,3

ATU Sligo

1. I-Form SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland 2. 2. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials & Manufacturing Research (PEM Centre), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

3. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo.

INTRODUCTION This research is focused on embedding in-mould sensors in injection moulding tools for real-time monitoring of part quality and advanced process optimisation. The project aims to improve precision and reduce cycle times in injection moulding.

CURRENT RESEARCH  SENSORISATION Kistler thermocouples & pressure sensors, classic and customised ultrasound sensors and a thermal camera were chosen for collecting data from the actual process.  A thermal camera is a fast approach for monitoring temperature maps and identifying part defects.  Customised ultrasound sensors have some advantages over classic ultrasound sensors, such as being hightemperature resilient, non-invasive and miniature.

The sensors were placed in conventional mould tools, and 3D printed mould tools with conformal cooling channels.

CURRENT RESEARCH  OPTIMISATION RESULTS  Collaborative development of conformal cooling channels (CCCs) based on hot spot locations with conventional drilled channels. Use of Moldflow simulations for comparison of the efficiency of both channel designs (Fig. 4 &5).  Validation of the simulation result by actual experiments for the conventional mould tools (Fig. 6).

 A comparison of classic and Adaptive DOE, facilitated by real-time sensor data, showed superior performance of ADOE in multiobjective optimisation of part quality and cycle time in just over half the number of experiments.

atu.ie

CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

Conventional mould tools with drilled channels, embedded thermocouples, and a pressure sensor were manufactured and tested in the actual injection moulding process. The sensor data validated the simulation result for temperature distribution in the part. Simulation comparison of the drilled channels with CCCs indicated the ability of the CCCs in reducing the cycle time and providing even temperature distribution. Adaptive DOE and Central Composite Design were compared and the superior performance of ADOE was validated. The future steps are: 1.

2.

3.

Validation of AM conformal cooling channel design via embedded sensors.

Embedding of customised ultrasound sensors into the mould for monitoring part morphology.

Development of a Digital Twin based on a state estimation framework for real-time dynamic optimisation of the process.

Project Supported by

203

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Staff of the Faculty of Engineering and Design ATU Sligo

Úna Parsons

Central

Annica Rasmark

Caroline Clancy

Eileen Conlon

Kate McCarthy

Kevin Colonna

Department of Engineering Technology

Lianne Higgins

Brian Walsh

Ciaran McCauley

David Timoney

Ivan O’Reilly

Padraig McGarry

Paul Mullaney

Ray Gillen

Sean Smith

Stephen Coleman

Cliodhna Carroll

Mark Mcloughlin

Russell Macpherson

Precision Engineering and Manufacturing (PEM)

Aoife Hegarty

atu.ie

Chris O’Hara

2023

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Brendan Flaherty

Brian Coll

Caroline Mullan

Conall Doran

David McMoreland

David Tormey

Declan Sheridan

Donal Cannon

Donal Gray

Fionnuala Farrell

Foram Dave

Gerard McGranaghan

John Donovan

John Fallon

Jonathan Kelly

Mary Malone

Mary Nolan

Robert Craig

Waqas Saleem

Xavier Velay

205

Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo

Department of Civil Engineering and Construction

Colin Birney

David Collery

Declan Gavigan

Donal Ryan

Emma Britton

Enda McTiernan

Joe Kelly

Laura O’Donnell

Lisa Brennan

Maria Holmes

Morgan Smith

Patrick Kennedy

Ruth Quinn

Salem Gharbia

Sean McGagh

Postgraduates

Trevor McSharry

Upaka Rathnayake

Daniel Clarke Hagan

Albert Weinert

Bahia EL Refai

Fearghus Downes

Mandana Kariminejad

Mohammadreza Kadivar

Nimra Munir

Zainab Saleem

atu.ie

2023 Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering

Aine Mitchell

Diane O’Brien

Drew Lang

Fiona Mitchell

John Kelleher

Kevin Peyton

Mary Carden

Mary Giblin

Padraig Harte

Paul Flynn

Paul Powell

Saritha Unnikrishnan

Shane Gilroy

Shaun McBrearty

Veronica Rogers

Eamonn Reddin

Kieran Hughes

Department of Mechatronic Engineering

Aonghus Murphy

Conor Lawlor

Douglas Marques

Konrad Mulrennan

Leo Creedon

Marion McAfee

207

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ISBN 978-1-907592-22-5 Sligo Engineering & Technology Expo Edition 2023 Published by ATU Sligo 2023