Annual Report 2021
The Association of
Average Adjusters
Front cover image: M.v. Saimaagracht sailing with a cargo of straddle carriers on deck from Gdynia, Poland to Port Newark, New Jersey. The Saimaagracht is a general cargo vessel built 2005 and operated by Spliethoff, Amsterdam. She is Finnish/Swedish ice class 1A, equipped with 5 side loaders on starboard side, 3 deck cranes of 120 tons SWL and an open loop scrubber system.
Annual Report 2021
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 CONTENTS • CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION
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• REPORT ON THE PAST YEAR OF THE ASSOCIATION
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• THE ADDRESS 10 • LIST OF FELLOWS 17 • LIST OF HONORARY LIFE FELLOWS
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• LIST OF NON-PRACTISING FELLOWS
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• LIST OF HONORARY FELLOWS
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• LIST OF SENIOR ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
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• LIST OF ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
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• LIST OF REPRESENTATIVE MEMBERS
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• LIST OF AFFILIATE MEMBERS 23 • LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 23 • LIST OF PAST CHAIRMEN 26
Officers of the Association 2020/21 Chairman - Michiel Starmans Hon Treasurer - Tristan Miller
Vice-Chairman - Burkhard Fischer
Convener of the Examining Committee - David Pannell
Convenor of the Advisory and Disputes Resolution Panel – David Clancey Secretary - Ann Waite
Administrator - Sue Green
Email: admin@average-adjusters.com
Tel: (+44) 191 349 8810
Secretariat: c/o Gary Bullock, Charles Taylor Insurance Services Limited The Minster Building, 21 Mincing Lane, London EC3R 7AG
www.average-adjusters.com
Annual Report 2021
CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION My first year as Chairman of the Association has been dominated by the COVID-19 Pandemic and the consequential cancellation of the regular annual events. My second term as Chairman started with the same pattern of a cancelled General Assembly of the AMD in Oslo and the US & Canadian Association annual meeting/dinner in New York, but the end of the Pandemic is in sight with the worldwide vaccine programme being rolled out. I am confident that by the end of my second term we will meet in person again at the AAA annual dinner in May 2022. What is more disturbing is that the Association’s 150th anniversary celebration had to be postponed from May 2020 to October 2020, then to May 2021 and subsequently to October 2021. Under the continued COVID-19 restrictions, the decision has been taken to cancel the October 2021 dinner and to celebrate this historic anniversary on a scaled down basis at the annual dinner in May 2022. I am grateful that my predecessor Richard Cornah issued a special edition to mark the 150th anniversary of the Association in his Annual Report last year. I would like to thank the members who donated the cancelled dinner proportion of their subscription to the Seafarers Covid-19 Emergency Appeal. The charity, Seafarers UK, was delighted with the generous donation from the Association, which was very welcome due to the reduction in fundraising income usually raised at events such as the London Marathon; with of course the increased demand for help in assisting seafarers and their families impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Pandemic did not only affect our personal lives, but also left its mark on the worldwide economy and in particular the shipping market. Due to the stringent coronavirus restrictions in Chinese ports, large quantities of containers were stuck in China which led to a disruption of the supply chain in containers and record congestion in Chinese ports. The freight for carrying a container from China to Europe increased by tenfold in a year. The shipping market was further disturbed by the 6 day blockage of the Suez Canal after m.v. Ever Given had run aground in a narrow part of the Canal in March 2021. This well published and unusual grounding inspired me for my Address in the Annual Report hereafter. Despite its old age, the Association proved to be very efficient in adopting the new virtual world created by COVID-19 and continued its business via Committee of Management meetings and the Annual General Meetings on Zoom. All credit goes out to Ann Waite for arranging the Association’s jump into the virtual world so smoothly. Scheduled seminars were all cancelled but were replaced by a joint webinar with the Young CMI. The A1 and A2 modules were examined via an online platform organised by TestReach. The other modules were examined in the traditional way but under the applicable COVID-19 regulations in the various locations worldwide. The success of our examination program has produced 2 new Fellows, 3 Senior Associates and 20 Associate members. The new Rules of Practice 2020 were adopted and earned their own tab on our website. The digest of legal cases under the Resources tab has been updated as from the year 2000. The list of articles of interest to the membership has been limited to articles published by Fellows only. I am grateful to my Vice-Chair Burkhard Fischer, the Officers and Committee members of the Association, the Secretariat Charles Taylor Insurance Services and our Secretary Ann Waite for their continued diligent work. As Chairman, I would like to thank all Fellows for their continued contribution, dedication and participation in the work of the Association and look forward to seeing you virtually in the near future and hopefully in person towards the end of my second term. Michiel Starmans 3
Annual Report 2021
2. Report by the Chairman, Michiel Starmans on the past year of the Association Since taking office in May 2020, it has of course been a most extraordinary year with the Pandemic putting nearly all Association events on hold. Nevertheless, the Committee of Management has continued to undertake the day-to-day business via virtual meetings hosted on Zoom. Although not as pleasant as actually meeting up in person, it has at least allowed us all to see each other and discuss ongoing matters. I very much hope we can all meet in person in the forthcoming twelve months; and indeed, that I may be able to meet with many Members also. Before summarising the various topics that are on-going, I would like to thank Richard Cornah for producing the special annual report commemorating the Association’s 150 years. You will all have received a link to this report, and I am sure join me in congratulating Richard for such a celebratory report, which in his words he described as a Bumper Beano Edition. There were 52 kind messages of congratulation from Honorary Fellows, Adjusters’ Associations, Lloyd’s, Insurers, Salvors, Shipowners, Arbitrators, Solicitors, Brokers and many more from all over the world, and my thanks go to Ann Waite for co-ordinating that aspect. Sadly, I have to report the death of Jeff Allen in late 2020. Many of you will remember Jeff who spent his whole adjusting career with ER Lindley/Richards Hogg Lindley, having joined Lindleys 50 years or so ago. He qualified as a Fellow in 1979 and was Chairman of the Association in 1993; the title of his annual address being ‘A Touch of Class’. In his address, Jeff highlighted the draconian nature of warranties included in the new Classification Clauses in hull policies. As a final note, he referred to the crazy boom days in the financial markets of the 1980’s, when qualifications counted for little, and the quick dollar was all that seemed to matter. He continued by stating that if there is one clear lesson to be learned from the mistakes made in the last decade it is that insurance is a serious, technical business and the industry has got to get back to high standards and an important part of this process will be the allocation of resources to training and qualifications. I am confident that Jeff would have been pleased to note that the Association with its qualified membership has done just that in line with his warning remarks expressed in 1993. The 9th April 2021 was a sad day, when Britain lost HRH Prince Philip at the age of 99. The Duke of Edinburgh was married to Queen Elizabeth II for 73 years and will be remembered for his charitable work, his dedication to public service and his controversial sense of humour. Now to report on what has, and has not, happened during the last year. Events Well, as you will all know, just about everything in the last twelve months has been affected by the Pandemic so I have extraordinarily little to report. The following were all cancelled: • • • • • •
32nd General Assembly of the Association Mondiale de Dispacheurs at Oslo in September US & Canadian Association annual meeting and dinner in October BMLA dinner in November UK Chamber of Shipping dinner in February ISU dinner in March AAA Annual Conference and dinner 4
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On the bright side we can conclude from the above list of cancelled dinners that I did not gain any weight during my chairmanship in the past year. The ISU held a somewhat truncated Associates meeting on-line on 25th March. It happened to coincide with the refloating operations by Dutch salvors Smit (part of Boskalis) of the m.v. Ever Given, which had run aground in the Suez Canal during a sandstorm on 23rd March. The 400 meters long vessel blocked the Suez Canal for nearly 1 week, which gained massive international attention as it disrupted international trade. My Address, which follows, is based on this incident and the immense task for the appointed average adjuster to unravel the confidential settlement agreement and test whether the claimed salvage bonus can stand the test of the Rule Paramount of the York-Antwerp Rules. It seems appropriate here to thank Richard Cornah for all his work on the Lloyd’s Salvage Group over many years - in his words, since the last century! I believe the role started with Roy Smith, followed by Richard who both initially participated on a personal basis in their capacity as adjusters. However, the Association and other organisations are now formally represented, allowing the adjusting perspective to be taken into account on issues such as collection of security and other salvage-related matters. During his time, Richard has overseen the successful launching of three versions of LOF, which is no mean feat. Understandably he now feels that the time has come to step down and we thank him for his decades of support. I am pleased to say that Amy O’Neill has agreed to take over the role from Richard and has already had to come into action. The Lloyd’s Salvage Group (LSG) filed a complaint letter to the announced plans by Lloyd’s to discontinue the services of the Lloyd’s Salvage Arbitration Branch (LSAB). This letter has been signed by Amy on behalf of the AAA. The LSG pointed out that the role of the LSAB is crucial to the independence and integrity of the LOF Salvage contract, in particular to ensure prompt and suitable provision of securities, appointment of arbitrators, enforcement of awards and distribution of reports. We are pleased to note that following representations from many market bodies that Lloyd’s has agreed to continue the role of the LSAB. Seminars/webinars In terms of AAA seminars, the two usual seminars each year that the Association holds in conjunction with the IUA are on hold until the world returns to some semblance of normality. I am pleased to report that the first joint-webinar between the AAA and Young CMI was held on 29th April 2021 for Associates of the AAA and Young CMI lawyers. In my role as co-chairman of the webinar, I pointed out that both maritime associations have a joint history in the drafting of the York-Antwerp Rules and more recently the General Average security documentation. The Speakers on behalf of the AAA were Amy O’Neill who lectured the attendees about the adjuster’s role in collision cases and John Thomson who highlighted bunker related claims arising from off-spec bunkers and IMO 2020 low sulphur fuel issues. I would like to thank both Amy and John for their time and effort in making this first joint webinar organised by the AAA a big success. Another attempt for a joint seminar had to be postponed due to the continued Corona restraints worldwide. Both Stelios Magkanaris and myself have been discussing various adjusters/P&I claims handlers’ topics for a joint seminar with the International Group of P&I Clubs, which can hopefully take place later this year or in 2022. Annual Dinner This time last year, Richard reported that we had hoped to have our rearranged 150-year celebrations in October 2020. That did not happen and of course neither did the dinner take place in May this year. We now know that our usual Annual Dinner for 2021 has again had to be cancelled. 5
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Following the cancellation of the 2020 dinner, many members donated the dinner proportion of their subscription to charity and the Association was able to send £7,720 to Seafarers Covid-19 Emergency Appeal. Seafarers UK sent a thank you letter to the AAA and promised that the donation will be allocated to relieve the problems encountered by seafarers and their families due to the disrupted crew changes in many ports as a result of the Covid-19 restrictions. A joint press release was issued on 30th November to thank all members for their generous donation. Examinations As with previous Chairmen, I can only add my thanks to David Pannell and Keith Martin for all the work that they undertake in organising the AAA exams for future Associates, Senior Associates and Fellows. The same appreciation goes out to all members, who assist in drafting and preparing the exam questions, road testing them and marking the modules. The level and organisation of the AAA examinations remains one of the pillars of strength of our Association within the marine insurance market. That did not change during the Covid-19 crisis. Candidates of Modules A1 and A2 sat the exams via an on-line virtual platform through the facilities of TestReach in April 2021. I understand it is quite a challenge to cheat during this virtual examination, since the candidate first needs to scan with the webcam or mobile phone the walls, desk, area under the desk, laptop, wrists, and ears prior to commencement of the exam. The other Modules and the Practical Paper were still taken through written examination in the usual way at exam centres worldwide, but subject to the Covid-19 restrictions applicable in those countries. As a result of the examinations taken during this Association year I am delighted to announce that we have two new Fellows.
Ryoko Shimura
James Willan
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Additionally we have three new Senior Associates.
Phillip McCabe
Christian Freuling
Julia Roumanou
It also gives me great pleasure to confirm that we have a further 20 Associates from around the world:
Shamim Ahmed (Holbud Ship Management, London) Clare Birchenhough (Ince & Co, London) (Brian) Chen Si Yuan (Survey Association, Copenhagen/Singapore) Vasiliki Chiampas (Seascope Hellas, Piraeus) Stavriani Christea (Roxana Shipping SA, Athens) Alberto Comitardi (Thomas Miller, London) Phoichau Dang (Aon UK Ltd, London) Alice Duncan (RHL, Liverpool) Georgia Exadaktylou (Fassolis Law Firm, Piraeus) Donal Keaney (Ince & Co, London) Niamh McKeown (RHL, Liverpool) Swapnodeep Mondal (Anglo-Eastern Ship Management, Hong Kong) Anuradha Prasad More (United India Insurance Co, Haridwar, India) Muhammad Khairul Nizham (Edge Insurance Brokers, Singapore) Mark Revis (London International Average Adjusters, China) Yuno Sakai (Charles Taylor, Japan) Efi Saisana-Palyvou (The Swedish Club, Piraeus) William Smyth (AXA XL, London) Dimitrios Tsekos (VC Marine Claims Adjusters, Piraeus) Jonathan Warriner (RHL, Liverpool)
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Membership The membership of the Association continues at a steady rate, but I am disappointed to note the number of Associates not renewing. There is a concern that many use the Association to obtain a qualification and it has been pointed out that without being a paid up member, no person should be using such designation. The AAA membership May 2021 is as follows:
Membership Fellows Honorary Life Fellows Honorary Fellows Non-Practising Fellows Senior Associates UK Associates Overseas Associates Affiliates Representatives UK Subscribers Overseas Subscribers Total
No 42 4 15 2 11 84 48 3 8 68 185 470
General Average Sub-Committee The GA Sub-Committee chaired by Burkhard Fischer continue to work on producing some guidance notes following the Longchamp Supreme Court decision involving an adjustment drawn up according to the YorkAntwerp Rules 1974. An opinion has been requested and obtained from a QC on the interaction between Rule F and Rule Paramount in the York-Antwerp Rules as from 1994. The Sub-Committee will report its findings during the upcoming year. Website We have recently undertaken a review of the website with a view to remove outdated materials and freshen up the content. My thanks go to Ann Waite who assisted with this task and to Robert Tomlinson who is currently reviewing and updating the legal cases list as from the year 2000, since there have been several material court cases over the last few years, which had not been added to the list. It only remains for me to now thank all those that have made my job easier and contributed to the smooth running of the Association: • Officers and Committee members of the Association • Fellows that have contributed to particular projects • The Secretariat, Charles Taylor Insurance Services, in particular to Sue Green and her team in Newcastle 8
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• Ann Waite, who knows better than anyone what is required to keep the AAA diary at the top of the Chairman and other Committee members’ mind and chase if needed. She does this in such a professional and pleasant manner, that it makes this job rather easy. I was particular impressed how Ann managed to acquaint herself so quickly in setting up the Zoom meetings, which made it possible for the AAA to continue the day-to-day business via virtual meetings, as if Covid-19 did not exist. I very much appreciate all their work and support. I am delighted to have been elected as Chairman for a further year. Burkhard Fisher has again agreed to continue as Vice-Chairman and I would like to take this opportunity to thank him for all his support during the year. As a final note, I like to thank all of you for the AAA’s generous donation to a charity which my wife and I supported after the sudden death of our son Nathan Starmans, who passed away at the age of only 19 years old in November 2020. The Hummingbird Fund, which is monitored at the Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus University, gives students the possibility to apply for a grant to projects for a sustainable world. A big thank you goes out to Burkhard Fisher and Ann Waite for taking over my tasks in a very professional manner in the weeks/months following this tragedy, when my attendance was naturally focused on my family and our personal loss. Thank you very much Burkhard and Ann.
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3. The Chairman’s Address 2021 – Salvage in the Desert
PHOTOGRAPHER: AHMED GOMAA/XINHUA/ZUMA PRESS
The year 2021 will be remembered for the 6 days blockage of the Suez Canal by m.v. EVER GIVEN from 23rd until 29th March 2021. The grounding itself was not that spectacular, but the massive impact on global trade, in one of the busiest shipping lanes, dominated the headlines in the world press reports. Over 19,000 ships per annum or about 53 ships per day pass through the Suez Canal, which equals around 15% of the world shipping traffic. The blockage created a backlog of over 400 ships awaiting transit through the Canal. The Suez Canal Authority announced in July that the Canal revenue increased to a record of US$3bln over the first 6 months of 2021, despite the grounding incident of m.v. EVER GIVEN in March. One could conclude that its motto “The Suez Canal is Egypt’s gift to the world” also applies in the reverse that “The Suez Canal is the world’s gift to Egypt”.
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What happened? The container vessel EVER GIVEN, operated by the Evergreen Group and owned by Panama-based Luster Maritime, a subsidiary of Japanese shipowner Shoei Kisen Kaisha Ltd, was scheduled to cross the Suez Canal on 23rd March as number 13 in the northbound convoy. She was laden with over 18,300 TEU containers and en route from Malaysia to Rotterdam. Reports were received of a sandstorm ahead, but this did not delay the departure of the convoy. Two pilots boarded the vessel and the convoy got underway. Shortly after departure, the vessel encountered steering problems due to strong winds pushing against the wall of containers on deck. The pilots ordered the vessel to steer the vessel first hard to port and then to starboard and increase the speed in order to maintain a straight course, but the vessel lost control and grounded on the Canal bank on her starboard side. The vessel with her length overall of 399.94 metres (just below the maximum authorized dimension of 400 metres to transit the Suez Canal without special arrangements) was wedged diagonally across the channel at an angle of 45 degrees in a place where the Suez canal is only some 200 meters wide. The vessel grounded with her bow and aft section on both sides of the Canal bank and this resulted in a total blockage of the Canal for six days. Suez Canal Authority (SCA) Any accidents occurring in the Suez Canal fall under the jurisdiction of the Suez Canal Authority. The SCA has a monopoly on salvage/towage operations within the Canal after a vessel goes aground. The Canal Rules of Navigation, August 2015 stipulate in art. 59 - Accidents: When a vessel runs aground, Suez Canal Officials are alone empowered to order and direct all operations required to get the vessel afloat and if needed get the vessel unloaded and towed. All attempts on the part of other vessels to get off a vessel aground are strictly prohibited. When a vessel grounds or stops outside the Canal itself or if the grounding or stoppage is due to a collision, all charges for getting the vessel afloat, towing, unloading, etc. are paid by the vessel. When a vessel...... runs aground......either in the Canal itself or in one of its ports......and SCA deems it as an obstruction or a menace to navigation in Canal, the Authority has the right to take of its own accord such action as may be necessary for the purpose of removing or destroying the vessel......at the risk and expense of the owner, or the person responsible for the vessel. According to art. 55 - Towage and Escorting, tugs may be hired for mooring, towing and getting vessels afloat as per rates indicated in part IV. Art. 104 of part IV stipulates in that respect: When a vessel stops in the Canal itself in consequence of an accident other than (collision, engine troubles, auxiliary and steering gear troubles), the SCA, in order to clear the way with all possible speed, and to get her underway, will assist by the necessary tugs to afloat her, free of charge. The wording of above navigation rules are somewhat confusing, but provided that the grounding in the Canal was not caused by a collision or steering gear troubles, it could be concluded that any tugs supplied by the SCA to refloat the vessel would be “free of charge”. Any other expenses to remove the obstruction appear to be at the risk and expense of the owner. The SCA immediately mobilised local tugs, dredgers and even an excavator on shore to remove as much sand and rock around the bow of the vessel. This last operation resulted in this iconic picture of a salvage operation in the desert. 11
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PHOTO: SUEZ CANAL HEAD OFFICE/DPA/ZUMA PRESS
Smit Salvage The Japanese shipowners appointed Nippon and Smit Salvage to assist with this salvage operation. Prior approval must have been obtained from the SCA as explained above. The press release issued on 29th March by Smit’s parent company Royal Boskalis Westminster reads as follows: Suez Canal unblocked: “we pulled it off!”. Peter Berdowski, CEO Boskalis: “Shortly following the grounding of the Ever Given we were requested through SMIT Salvage to provide assistance with the salvage operation. I am excited to announce that our team of experts, working in close collaboration with the Suez Canal Authority, successfully refloated the Ever Given on 29 March at 15:05 hrs local time, thereby making free passage through the Suez Canal possible again.” For the refloating of the 224,000-ton container vessel approximately 30,000 cubic meters of sand was dredged to help free the vessel and a total of eleven harbour tugs and two powerful seagoing tugs (Alp Guard and Carlo Magna) were deployed. The harbour tugs were engaged by the SCA and Smit contracted the 280 bollard pull tug Alp Guard and the 152 bollard pull tug Carlo Magno. The Alp Guard arrived on Sunday 28th March, just in time for a favourable high tide resulting from full moon that night. Her tow line was connected to the EVER GIVEN in the early morning of 29th March and after a couple of hours towing, the aft ship moved from her grounded position towards the middle of the canal. The EVER GIVEN was still aground with her bow and after the Carlo Magno had made fast aft, all tugs attempted to pull the vessel’s bow from the bank. Attempts were stopped due to the low tide but after 2,000 tons of ballast water had been added to the vessel’s stern in order to create an upwards pressure to the bow section, a new attempt was undertaken and the vessel was finally freed from her grounded position. 12
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The refloating news travelled around the world and had a direct positive effect on the financial markets. It remains unclear on what terms the salvage assistance by Smit was rendered. Smit offered to carry out their salvage services under Lloyd’s Open Form, but this appears to have been rejected by the Japanese shipowners at that time. I have not seen any report that salvage security was collected by the salvors after the successful refloating of the vessel, which would normally be the case under an LOF salvage. The words of CEO Berdowski that they worked in close cooperation with the SCA would indicate that they were not engaged as subcontractor of the SCA. The settlement agreement which had been concluded between the interests in the EVER GIVEN and the SCA (see below) might well not include a deal with Smit Salvage for their services rendered during this successful salvage operation. Suez Canal Authority claim According to Art. 4 – Responsibilities of the Rules of Navigation, the owners, operators and/or charterers of the vessel are responsible for any damage and consequential loss caused either directly or indirectly by the vessel to SCA properties, personnel or obstruction of navigation in the Canal. It also states that the owners and/or operators cannot limit liability for such loss or damage. Whether the word charterers is left out intentionally is unclear from this text. The rest of the wording of this article is presumably somewhat lost in translation, even though it does contain some relevant provisions, such as: • The vessel is wholly responsible for that damage, unless otherwise proved by evidence that this damage was not made on purpose or by mistake or negligence • The vessel guarantees to indemnify the SCA in respect of any claims for any damage whatsoever caused to third parties • The vessel waives the right to claim from the SCA for any damage caused by third parties that she sustained on the Canal • Owners, charterers and/or operators bind themselves responsible for any mistakes resulting from pilot’s advice or arise by SCA personnel According to art. 11 - Pilotage: Masters are held responsible for all damages or accidents of whatever kind resulting from the navigation or handling of their vessels directly or indirectly by day or night. The pilot is not held responsible for any damages sustained during transit owing to his advices since the master or his deputy is the sole responsible for the ship. Clearly enough ammunition for the legal profession to fight any resulting claims arising from this unfortunate grounding during the upcoming years, despite a settlement with the SCA – see below. Shipowners have established a limitation fund in London at £84 million ($116 million) under the LLMC Convention. Claims for salvage and contributions in General Average are however excluded from limitation as per art. 3 of the convention. After the successful refloating of the vessel, the SCA arrested the vessel on 13th April in the Great Bitter Lake and filed a claim against the shipowners for over US$900 million, comprising of a salvage bonus of US$300 million, US$272 million unsupported expenses and US$344 million damages for loss of reputation. The claim was rejected by the shipowners and their P&I Club and resulted in legal proceedings in the Ismailia court. During the hearing on 22nd May, the lawyer representing the shipowners submitted the voyage data recording at time of the grounding to the public, which revealed that the instructions from the pilot to the master and between the 2 pilots had been chaotic and contradictory, which contributed to the subsequent grounding. 13
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Further negotiations between the SCA and shipowners with their insurers representatives resulted in a final confidential settlement agreement. This settlement allegedly includes the purchase of a 75 bollard pull tug for the SCA. The EVER GIVEN was released from her arrest and finally sailed on 7th July from the Great Bitter Lake towards Port Said after a great bitter experience in the Suez Canal. She arrived in Rotterdam on 29th July. Lloyd’s List dated 9th July Speaking to Lloyd’s List following the ceremony that saw the EVER GIVEN leave the Canal’s Bitter Lake anchorage after three months of protracted negotiations, the Canal Authority chairman Osama Rabie said lessons had been learned, investments in safety and salvage infrastructure had been made and the estimated US$550 million settlement deal reached between all parties had in the end been “fair”. “It was human error of course, other factors could have affected such an incident such as the wind speed, for example, but we know the wind speed was not decisive in this incident, it was the problem of the pilot, of the vessel, of the master of the vessel. And the final decision is always with the master of the vessel.” He also said the company would fund a new tug as part of the deal - a mere fraction of the overall investment being made to upgrade salvage and rescue infrastructure in the wake of the incident. The SCA’s old fleet of tugs with a bollard pull of 75-150 pounds were shown to be no match for Ever Given, so a new fleet with double the power is now being purchased, along with a new supply vessel and multi-purpose cranes that would have the capacity, according to Adm Rabie, to lighter the cargoes of any vessel in similar incidents in the future. General Average The shipowners of the EVER GIVEN declared General Average on 1st April after completion of the successful refloating operation. A P&I Club representative of Skuld already suggested that this could be the largest General Average case in history. Lloyd’s List referred to it as potentially the most complex General Average case of all time. The complexity of this General Average will be more likely focused around the question of the proportion of expenditure within the confidential settlement sum that is in the nature of General Average and can be apportioned over the contributing interests in the common maritime adventure. The shipowners and their insurers have financed/guaranteed the settlement sum of the SCA claim in full, which includes an alleged salvage bonus. No separate arrangements have been made between the SCA and cargo interests to contribute to this salvage bonus. It is for that reason that the shipowners have declared General Average in order to obtain cargo’s contribution to General Average, which will mainly consist of the salvage remuneration paid by shipowners and/or their insurers. The first question that needs to be investigated by the appointed adjuster is which York-Antwerp Rules are applicable to the carriage contract in order to establish whether the salvage would be allowable in General Average. This is normally not the case under the York-Antwerp Rules 2004. Under these rules any salvage payments shall lie where they fall and shall not be allowed in General Average, except where one party has paid the salvage in full, in which case the unpaid salvage contribution from the other parties shall be credited to that party in the General Average adjustment. Assuming that the carriage had taken place under the standard terms of the Evergreen Bill of Lading, then the York-Antwerp Rules 1994 are applicable, which would allow the salvage remuneration paid in General Average 14
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as per Rule VI. Since the salvage remuneration appears to have been paid/secured in full by the shipowners and their insurers, salvage can be allowed in General Average and it is in that respect immaterial which YorkAntwerp Rules are applicable. The next task of the adjuster is to identify whether the expenditure claimed is in the nature of salvage before it can be allowed in General Average. We know that the original claim presented by the SCA included reference to a salvage bonus of US$300 million. Whether that sum has been reduced in the ultimate settlement agreement is unknown, but will need to be clarified by the shipowners to the adjuster. This might be a legal challenge considering that the settlement agreement is strictly confidential and all parties involved signed non-disclosure agreements. If the reported cargo value of US$780 million is correct and we add say US$120 million as the ship’s sound market value, the total salved value would be in the region of US$900 million. Would a 33% salvage bonus as initially claimed by the SCA be too much for a rather straightforward 6 days salvage operation, which did not involve any special salvage equipment, a dangerous firefighting operation or pollution prevention measures, but only consisted of the involvement of harbour tugs, dredgers, barges and excavators from shore? The fact that the world was monitoring the salvage operation and that the number of vessels blocked increased by at least 50 each day would not make the salvage operation itself more complex. Mr Rabie’s interview with Lloyd’s List revealed that the salvage operation carried out by the SCA was not suitable to deal with groundings of such large container vessels, since he admitted that the salvage infrastructure in the Suez Canal required an upgrade for this purpose. An additional complicating factor appears to be the fact that the salvage bonus paid to the SCA does not appear to include any salvage award earned by Smit Salvage for engaging the two large ocean going tugs, which ultimately “pulled it off”, in the words of CEO Berdowski quoted above. The task of an adjuster is sometimes unfairly complex, certainly when he/she needs to make a judgment whether the salvage remuneration claimed can stand the test of the Rule Paramount, which appears in the York-Antwerp Rules as from the 1994 edition: “In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably made or incurred.” The burden of proving that the expenditure was reasonably made and incurred lies upon the shipowners, as was held by Mr Justice Teare in The Cape Bonny [2018] 1 Lloyd’s Rep.356. How can the adjuster subsequently establish whether that burden has been successfully lifted by the shipowner? In the Rules of Navigation part IV art.104, it is stipulated that the tugs refloating a vessel in the Suez Canal are free of charge. Would the claimed salvage bonus then only relate to the dredgers, barges and excavators engaged by the SCA? It is possible that the SCA denied that this rule applies to the current case and that the claim bonus also included the involvement of the harbour tugs. Shipowners will always try to negotiate any award down to the lowest figure, but if they are being faced by a powerful national authority, which has arrested the vessel, the cargo and the crew for 3 months until the matter is resolved, their negotiation skills will be substantially reduced. Should any settlement agreed between the parties then be re-adjusted based on hindsight arguments that the burden of reasonableness has not been lifted by the shipowner?
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Mr Justice Teare appears to give an answer to that question in the above case, when he concluded that “owners and managers are also entitled to the benefit of the doubt if the circumstances are such that a prompt decision to obtain towage assistance is required. There is no reason why in such circumstances hindsight should be taken into account.” I wish the appointed average adjusters all the wisdom and skills in completing the adjustment in the usual impartial and professional manner. I am pleased to report that the appointed adjusters are members of the AAA and an impartial adjustment will therefore be guaranteed for all parties involved in this common maritime adventure, which concerned a salvage operation in the desert rather than on the high seas.
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Fellows 2021 Ahern - John R (1983)
Rogers Wilkin Ahern LLP, London, UK Tel: +44 207 220 0920 Email: john@rogerswilkinahern.com
Bramwell - Ian J (1997)
London International A.A. Co., Peterborough, UK Tel: +44 1733 551 003 Email: liaa@btopenworld.com
Cameron - Gordon M (1986)
Poseidon Adjusters (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Singapore Tel: +65 6333 4044 Email: gordon@posadj.com.sg
Cao - Jie Matthew (2015)
Gard P&I (Bermuda) Ltd, Singapore Tel: +65 69785482 Email: matthew.cao@gard.no
Clancey - David C (1978)
Marine Adjusting Solutions, Herts, UK Tel: +44 7785 312 443 Email: david.clancey@marineadjustingsolutions.com
Duncan - J Miles (1977)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Liverpool, UK Tel: +44 151 227 2175 Email: miles.duncan@rhl-ct.com
Ewing - Gerald J (1987)
Regis Mutual Management Pty Ltd, NSW, Australia Tel: +61 2 9252 1599 Email: gerald.ewing@rmml.com
Fei – Peter Xiao Ming (2019)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Hong Kong Tel: +852 2527 3202 Email: peter.fei@ctplc.com
Fischer - Burkhard P (2011)
Albatross Adjusters Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus Tel: +357 2558 8988 Email: b.fischer@alba.com.cy
Hao - Rui (2021)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Liverpool, UK Tel: +44 151 227 2175 Email: rui.hao@ctplc.com
Hara - Nanami (2021)
Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Tel: +44 20 7015 2055 Email: nanami.hara@rhl-ct.com
Harvey - Michael D (1978)
Harvey Ashby Ltd, Suffolk, UK Tel: +44 1206 689 500 Email: mharvey@harvey-ashby.co.uk
Jones - Keith (1984)
Aon Risk Solutions, London, UK Tel: +44 207 086 4219 Email: keith.jones@aon.co.uk
Kallini – Angeliki (2019)
Richards Hogg Lindley (Hellas) Ltd, Piraeus, Greece Tel: +30 210 429 1870 Email: angeliki.kallini@rhl-ct.com
Kilbee - Chris C (1987)
Marine Claims Office of Asia Pte Ltd, Singapore Tel: +65 6438 4016 Email: chris@marineclaimsoffice.com
Lai – William (2019)
Charles Taylor Adjusting, Hong Kong Tel: +852 5803 4569 Email: william.lai@rhl-ct.com
Macdonald - John A (1972)
Macdonald Hebditch & Co. Ltd, Surrey, UK Tel: +44 1428 715 533 Email: jmacdo5604@aol.com
Madge - Tim J W (1979)
Mediterranean Average Adjusting Co, London, UK Tel: +44 1483 222407 Email: timmadge@medav.co.uk
Magkanaris - Stelios (2017) Marine Adjusters & Consultants Inc, Piraeus, Greece Tel: +30 6945 584423 Email: sm@maradco.com Margaritopoulos – Georgios (2019) Richards Hogg Lindley (Hellas) Ltd, Piraeus, Greece
Tel: +30 210 429 1891 Email: georgios.margaritopoulos@rhl-ct.com
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Annual Report 2021
Fellows 2021 (continued) Martin - Keith J (1990)
KJM Claims Consulting, Pierrevert, France Tel: +44 7985 416 748 Email: keith.martin@hotmail.com
Miller - Tristan E L (2014)
Willis Towers Watson, London, UK Tel: +44 7766 205225 Email: tristanelm@gmail.com
Mody - Leena (2002)
Leena Mody & Associates, Mumbai, India Tel: +91 22 2506 5090 Email: leena@leenamody.com
O’Neill – Amy (2013)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Liverpool, UK Tel: +44 151 227 2175 Email: amy.oneill@rhl-ct.com
Pannell - David M (1968)
Pannell & Co, Surrey, UK Tel: +44 1483 566 533 Email: pannellandco@outlook.com
Paton - Andrew M (1987)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Liverpool, UK Tel: +44 151 227 2175 Email: andrew.paton@rhl-ct.com
Richards - Willum (1992)
Willum Richards Consulting Ltd, Central Otago, New Zealand Tel: +64 21 132 1863 Email: willum.richards@wrconsulting.co.nz
Robinson - Heather (2017)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Dubai, UAE Tel: +971 43 583 963 Email: heather.robinson@rhl-ct.com
Rogers - Nigel J C (1985)
Rogers Wilkin Ahern LLP, London, UK Tel: +44 207 220 0920 Email: nigel@rogerswilkinahern.com
Rowland - Paul O (1996)
Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Tel: +44 207 015 2045 Email: paul.rowland@rhl-ct.com
Sekine - Tsukasa (1992)
Charles Taylor (Japan) Ltd, Chiyoda-Ku, Japan Tel: +81 3 3518 9601 Email: tsukasa.sekine@rhl-ct.com
Shead - Joseph (2019)
Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Tel: +44 20 7398 5330 Email: joseph.shead@ctplc.com
Shimura - Ryoko (2021) Charles Taylor (Japan) Ltd Tel: +81 335189601 Email: Ryoko.Shimura@ctplc.com Silver - Paul (1986)
Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Tel: +44 7785 948832 Email: paul.silver@rhl-ct.com
Slade - Andrew (2017) Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Tel: +44 20 7398 5354 Email: andrew.slade@ctplc.com Sturges - Keith V (1990) Richards Hogg Lindley, London, UK Email: keith.sturges@rhl-ct.com Tang - Christopher Y C (1982) Asia Maritime Adjusting Pte Ltd, Singapore Tel: +65 9789 3938 Email: chris.tang@amadjusting.com Tomlinson - Robert M P (2017) Gard (UK) Ltd, London, UK Tel: +44 7895 675715 Email: robert.tomlinson@gard.no Tucker - R Ian (1992)
Maritime Adjusting Services, London, UK Tel: +44 7895 675715 Email: ian.tucker@maritimeadjusters.com
Willan - James (2021)
Richards Hogg Lindley, Liverpool, UK Tel: +44 151 2355579 Email: james.willan@ctplc.com
18
Annual Report 2021
Fellows 2021 (continued) Wong - Raymond T C (1980)
Asia Maritime Adjusting, Hong Kong Tel: +852 9265 9199 Email: raymond.wong@averageadj.com
Wood - Richard W (1986)
Charles Taylor Management Services, Connecticut, USA Tel: +1 713 862 4290 Email: richard.wood@signal-ct.com
Xu - Yibing (2008) Richards Hogg Lindley, Hong Kong Tel: +852 5803 4576 Email: yibing.xu@rhl-ct.com
Honorary Life Fellows Mr John Wilson Mr Charles Hebditch
Mr Roger Street Mr Richard Cornah
Non-Practising Fellows Martin - John (2000) Starmans - Michiel (2001)
Honorary Fellows The Rt. Hon. Sir Justice Hamblen The Rt. Hon. Sir Anthony Evans The Rt. Hon. Sir David Steel Mr Julian Cooke Mr David Taylor The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Flaux Mr Jonathan Gilman QC
The Rt. Hon. Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers The Rt. Hon. Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Mance The Rt. Hon. Lord Lloyd of Berwick The Rt. Hon. Lord Saville of Newdigate The Rt. Hon. Sir Bernard Rix The Rt. Hon. Sir Stephen Tomlinson The Hon. Sir Nigel Teare
Senior Associates as at May 2021 Chen Hung Yi (Jimmy) Charles Taylor Adjusting Taiwan Freuling Christian Jona Richards Hogg Lindley Greece Gibbs Benjamin INDECS Consulting Ltd UK Jagannath Muthu NAU Pte Ltd Singapore McCabe Philip Mark Richards Hogg Lindley UK Poojary Rathna Sudarshan Jani, Clancey & Richards India Rappal Varrier Manoj BP Singapore Pte Ltd Singapore Roumanou Julia Independent Average Adjusters Ltd Greece Rowe Nicholas Charles Taylor UK Sakurai Konosuke Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Company Japan Thompson John Richards Hogg Lindley UK Warr Charlotte Sarnia Training Ltd UK
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Annual Report 2021
Associates as at May 2021 Agfaransyah Mufli Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama) Indonesia Ahmed Shamim Holbud Shipmangement Ltd UK Angelis George Gmar Marine Technical Consultants Inc USA Avdimiotis Athanasios Hellenic Marine Adjusters Greece Bailas Panagiotis Marine Adjusting Solutions Greece Balaouras John Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Bamforth James The Swedish Club Piraeus Greece Barker Max Charles Taylor UK Bibaj Albana Siat SPA Italy Birchenhough Clare Ince Gordon Dadds LLP UK Cardy Jonathan Stichling Hahn Hilbrich GmbH Germany Cavallo Giorgio Studio Dott. Giorgio Cavallo Italy Chairul Zulfiandri Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama Internusa) Indonesia Chan Yin Ting (Amy) Tai Chong Cheang Steamship Co (H.K.) Limited Hong Kong Charalampous Constantinos Albatross Adjusters Limited Cyprus Chiampas Vasiliki Hellenic Hull Management (HMA) Ltd Greece Ching Weng Thim Marine Claims Office of Asia Pte Ltd Singapore Chomata Angeliki Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Christodoulou Kyriacos Albatross Adjusters Ltd Cyprus Chrysomalli Athina Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Comitardi Alberto Thomas Miller & Co UK Contreras Isabel Matthews Daniel UAE Coop Derek Paul Tri-Marine Acceptances (Pty) Ltd South Africa Dallaway Amy MS Amlin UK Dandhie Christ Charles Taylor Adjusting (Radita Hutama Internusa) Indonesia Dang Phoichau Aon UK Ltd UK Drakatou Pippi Oceana Marine Claims & Adjusting Greece Drege Ronaldo Albatross Adjusters Ltd Cyprus Duncan Alice Richards Hogg Lindley UK Ellis Jack Willis Towers Watson UK Exadaktylos Dimitrios National Insurance Brokers Greece Exadaktylou Georgia Southampton University Greece Fahrizal Fahrizal PT. MCO Prima Indonesia Indonesia Fielding Mats The Swedish Club Norway Fitzgerald Nicholas Richards Hogg Lindley UK Florenzano Luca Siat Insurance Italy Fox Rachel Richards Hogg Lindley UK Gautama Mukesh Wilson Surveyors and Adjusters Pvt Ltd India Georgakopoulos Vassilis Enterprises Shipping & Trading SA Greece Georgiadi Rea Fairseas Average Adjusters Ltd Greece Gibbins Daniel Blue Seas Adjusters UK Gilchrist Iain NEPIA UK Greene Alexander Seascope Insurance Services UK Hoh Lai Fun Evelyn Aon Singapore (Broking Centre) Pte Ltd Singapore Hubbuck Jeremy Fram Insurance AS Norway Irani Zarir Constellation Marine Services LLC UAE Jani Nitika Amit Jani, Clancey & Richards India Jani Amit Jani, Clancey & Richards India
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Annual Report 2021
Associates as at May 2021 (continued) Jeong Joey Sangsu Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Republic of Korea Johannessen Alf Inge Gard AS Norway Kafka Ioanna Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Karaloizou Costas Albatross Adjusters Ltd Cyprus Keaney Donal Ince Gordon Dadds LLP UK Kemp Alex Holman Fenwick Willan LLP UK Kilbee James Marine Claims Office of Asia Pte Ltd Singapore Krivovs Daniils ClaimSolutions France Letitiya Putri Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama Internusa) Indonesia Leung Nicole Gard (HK) Limited Hong Kong Levantis Alexandros LevMar Engineering Greece Levendal Adriaan QBE Australia Li (Lee) Qixun (Alec) Cornes & Co Ltd Japan Lim Siew Ping AXA XL Singapore Lim Yonghwan Ed Broking Korea Republic of Korea Lynskey Mark Mediterranean Average Adjusting Company UK Mackenzie Andrew Atrium Underwriting Ltd UK Manohara Bernadette PT. MCO Prima Indonesia Indonesia Margetis George Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Marsden Susanna Travelers UK Martinez Gonzalez Alejandro Charles Taylor Adjusting Mexico Marwaha Himanshu Charles Taylor Adjusting Qatar McArthur Bradleigh-Aaron Aon UK McCaughey Thomas Richards Hogg Lindley UK McKeown Niamh Richards Hogg Lindley UK Michalakopoulos Nikolaos Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Mitchell Matthew QBE Marine & Energy Syndicate 1036 UK Mok Anthony Gard (HK) Ltd Hong Kong Mondal Swapnodeep Anglo-Eastern Ship Management Ltd Hong Kong More Anuradha United India Insurance Company Limited India Musolino Pino North Adriatic Sea Port Authority Italy Nagda Mehul Emirates Insurance UAE Nanjo Shinichiro Kyoritsu Insurance Brokers of Japan Co Ltd Japan Naqvi Syed Ali Asif Milverk (PVT) Ltd Pakistan Naveed Sameen Chubb Insurance Australia Limited Australia Ng Fang The Swedish Club HK Limited Singapore Nizham Khairul Edge Group Singapore North Andrew The North of England P&I Association Limited UK Osborne Debbie AXA XL UK Otmar Melis BMS Harris & Dixon Marine UK Patel Nishi Richards Hogg Lindley UK Pell Louise Munich Re UK Ramadhan Ghulaam PT. MCO Prima Indonesia Indonesia Ramadhillah Raihan PT. MCO Prima Indonesia Indonesia Regtien Iris Braskem Netherlands B.V. Netherlands Revis Mark LIAA China Rizioti Stella The Guardian (Maritime) Ltd Greece Robinson Matthew Dolphin Maritime & Aviation Services Ltd UK
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Annual Report 2021
Associates as at May 2021 (continued) Rocca Laura Studio Technico Lonoce Italy Rolland Adam Braden Marine Inc. Canada Roncallo Tomaso Siat Spa Italy Rowe Steven Richards Hogg Lindley UK Russwurm Jørgen Skuld Marine Agency (SMA) AS Norway Sabaroedin Justisia Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama Internusa) Indonesia Saisana-Palyvou Effie The Swedish Club Greece Sakai Yuno Richards Hogg Lindley Japan Saputro Bagus Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama Internusa) Indonesia Saraswati Rininta Charles Taylor Adjusting (PT Radita Hutama) Indonesia Sarll Richard 7KBW UK Sasegbon Deji CJC Law UK Sawamura Satoshi Okinawa Prefectural Government Japan Sengendo Elizabeth Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty UK Setyorini Maurene Ayu PT Global Internusa Adjusting Indonesia Shao Jie DHL GBS Insurance & Risk Management Hong Kong Shaw Alexander Richards Hogg Lindley UK Shurville Daniel Zodiac Maritime Limited UK Simiakaki Georgia VC Marine Claims Adjusters & Consultants Greece Singhal Rahul Gard (Singapore) Pte Ltd Singapore Sitompul Andrea Richards Hogg Lindley Indonesia Skiadas Nicole Stewart and Hazel Marine Services Greece Smoili Evangelia TMS Bulkers Ltd Greece Smyth William AXA XL UK Stavriani Christea Roxana Shipping S.A Greece Stevens Daniel Gallagher UK Symes Matthew Deloitte LLP UK Taki Kazuhiko Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. Japan Tan Robert Asia Maritime Adjusting Pte Ltd Singapore Tan Si Hua Stan Richards Hogg Lindley Singapore Tang Joseph Kuok Group Singapore Teeling Jonet Anchor Insurance Rotterdam Netherlands Teh Audrey Jay Jun MS Amlin Singapore Tsekos Dimitrios V C Marine Claims Adjusters and Consultants ltd Greece van der Houven van Oordt Haco AKD Netherlands van Hal Arnold Van Traa Advocaten N.V. Netherlands Vranaki Elvira Astra Shipmanagement Inc. Greece Warriner Jonathan Richards Hogg Lindley UK Wheatley Alex P Richards Hogg Lindley UK Whittle Adam Brookes Bell UK Wong Pearl Pui Yi Asia Maritime Adjusting (Hong Kong) China Xiaoshu Ren MS Amlin Singapore Youles-Fitzgerald Madonna Liberty Speciality Markets Australia Youn Seonggwan HMM Company Limited Republic of Korea Zareifis Alexandros Margetis Maritime Consulting Greece Zhou Weiyan Gard (UK) Ltd UK
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Annual Report 2021
Representative Members Smit Salvage BV, UK The Britannia Steamship Insurance Association, UK W K Webster & Co, UK Waves Group, UK
AXA XL, UK C Solutions Ltd, UK Marint (Offshore Services) Ltd, UK Resolve Salvage & Fire (Europe) Ltd, UK
Affiliate Members British Maritime Law Association, UK International Salvage Union, UK UK Chamber of Shipping, UK
Subscribers as at May 2021 Burke Ina USA Cabral Sheel UAE Camera Guglielmo Italy Carbone Alessandro Italy Carpenter Nigel Singapore Cavallo Stefano Italy Chan Jolyon Hong Kong Chartokollis Michail UK Chatzigeorgiou Sotirios Germany Chiossone Marzia Italy Chiotis Christos Greece Chow Yuk Yi Cory Hong Kong Chu Wing Yin Jenny China Clark Julian UK Coleman Nicholas Norway Crane Anita UK Crompton Joseph UK D’Andrea Franco UK De Jongh Camiel Netherlands Den Haan Pieter Netherlands Dower Keith Greece Dupuis Robert Netherlands Evans Jonathan UK Exadactylos Anthony Greece Fairweather Karen UK Fellin Eileen USA Fitz-Hugh Clark USA Flori Gianluca Italy Fokas-Kavalierakis Stavros Cyprus
Aggersbury Robin UK Ahmed Alavi Burhan Pakistan Alverandy Ariowibowo Johanes Indonesia Alvisi Alberto Italy Amitani Yoshihiko Japan Anagnostopoulos John UK Anastasiadis Eva Greece Asbury Michael UK Austin Kevin UK Avramoglou Angelina Greece Baird Graeme UK Banner Simon UK Barnard Dave UK Bartlett James USA Bell Michael USA Berridge Anthony UK Best Neil Singapore Betancourt Ronald USA Bhardwaj Mukesh India Bitounis Constantinos Greece Black Rivers USA Bolden Andrew UK Borg Barthet Maria UK Botsos Nikolaos Greece Brain Anthony Canada Briem Gardar Iceland Bru Javier Panama Bruce Jonathan UK Burdass Tom UK
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Annual Report 2021
Subscribers as at May 2021 (continued) Kardiakopoulos Dimitris Greece Kastanas George Greece Kauffeld Tilmann Sweden Kawamura Moe Japan Kay Alexander Germany Keyes David UK Ki Gen Japan Koelzer James USA Kofoed Vibeke Denmark Kouveli Maria-Eleni Greece Kruit Jolien Netherlands Kuchipudi Kishor Singapore Lawrence Stewart UK Legat Paola Italy Leung Thomas Hong Kong Lillis John USA Lim Henson Philippines Linbei Sheng China Liu Yi (Yvonne) China Lonoce Lorenzo Monaco Lucking Michelle UK Lux Jonathan UK Machum Eric Canada Macinnes Alex UK Marayil Om Prakash UAE Martinoli Federico Italy Marwedel Warren USA Mathew Sujith UAE McCarthy Stephen UK McGinty Tom UK McMenamin George UK Metcalf Frank Canada Monioudis Dimitris UK Moore Donald USA Morelli Francesco Italy Mukherjee Supriyo Falkland Islands Muller Peter Netherlands Munkeby Oyvind Norway Nakada Eiichi Japan Nakajima Kiyokazu Japan Neylon Richard UK Nikas Konstantinos China Nishizawa Erika Japan Noble John UK Nordahl Margrete Norway Orikasa Ryosuke Japan Orlando Michael USA
Foss Patrick UK Fraih Fares UAE Fraser Ian Canada Galvan Angel Spain Gatti Angelo Italy Gibson Cosmo Paraguay Gibson Bill UK Gigney Michael UK Golding Maureen UK Goodacre Stephen UK Gozdzik Dariusz UK Grafton Maria UK Gran Philip USA Grasso Joseph USA Gray Martin Greece Gray Andrew UK Grecoussis Gerry Greece Greene James Ireland Grepne Harald Norway Groninger Joern Germany Groninger Philip Germany Gunn Richard UK Hahn Britta Germany Hahn Juergen Germany Hall Martin UK Hatcher Jack UK Hegarty Gavin UK Hicks John W UK Hill Graham Hong Kong Hogendorp Jacob Singapore Holly Aidan UK Hornish David S USA Hu Eric Zhongyue China Huang Zhanghao (Horace) China Hudson John T UK Huens De Brouwer Vincent France Hunter Glen New Zealand Hutchings Oliver UK Iguera Martina Italy Ishiguro Shiina Japan Jackson Graham UK Jackson Simon UK Janssen Dirk Germany Johnston Alistair UK Jones Richard UK Karagianni Petroula Monaco
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Annual Report 2021
Subscribers as at May 2021 (continued) Tahara Yoshihiro Japan Takamatsu Naoki Japan Tampubolon Guntur Indonesia Tan Miao Shan Singapore Tan AhChuan Malaysia Tan Brenda Singapore Tantrum David USA Tassiou Kyriaki UK Taylor Timothy UK Terrell Martin Singapore Touman Faramarz Germany Tsakiris Ilias Greece Tsakos Panagiotis Greece Umeno Koji Japan Uth Henrik Denmark Utomo Wishnu Putro Indonesia Valenti Alessandro Singapore van der Valk Taco Netherlands van Hemmen Hendrik USA Vassenden Bjørn Norway Vega Alejandro Argentina Virvilis Isabella UK Vivanco Esteban Argentina Waite Ann UK Wang Chia Sheng (Stephanie) Taiwan Watson Harold USA Wattel Markwin Netherlands White Ralph USA Whyte Gordon UK Wiersma Taco Netherlands Wolf Martina Germany Woods John USA Xu Ye China Yoshida Tatsuru Japan Yoshikawa Sayaka Japan Yuan Yang Japan Zaarour Petro UK Zampichelli Giovanni Italy Zeuner Robert USA Zhang Xinming (Tiffany) China Zhu Zizhen Hong Kong Zinke Jon Hong Kong
Osmotherley Phil UK Owen John UK Panggabean Sahat Indonesia Park Jae Hong Panama Pathak Abishek India Patiño Felix Spain Phelps Alan Greece Phippard Ralph Greece Pinhiero Joel UAE Pinto Alex Singapore Prakash Om Kuwait Priano Gian Piero Italy Prichard Rob USA Pun Shan Hong Kong Rasschaert Dany Belgium Rible Stephen USA Richardson Joseph Ireland Rodriguez Diaz Aladar Panama Romeijnders Johan Netherlands Rozwadowski Lukasz UK Rudek Lars-Uwe Germany Saito Chihiro Japan Sandbakken Einar Norway Sanden Roar Norway Sato Shigeki Japan Sato Tomoaki Japan Schwampe Dieter Germany Shahid Reaz Australia Shen Thomas Tai-Chung China Shigematsu Toru Japan Siemens Jan-Andresen Germany Singh Deepak UAE Siu Lok Kan Hong Kong Skeppland Jeanette Norway Slaatten Bjorn Norway Sonoda Mari Japan Spencer Jonathan USA Sporle David UK Steemers Michael Cyprus Stone Richard USA Stylianou Nicos Cyprus Stylios Kostas UK Sundell Marie UK Svensson Ingrid Sweden Sweetman Edmund Spain Sydenham Chris UK Systad Anne Norway
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Annual Report 2021
Past Chairmen May/Nov 1869 Mr T L Davison Nov 1869/May 1870 Mr W Harrison May/Nov 1870 Mr L R Baily Nov 1870/May 1871 Mr W Richards May/Nov 1871 Mr R Lowndes Nov 1871/May 1872 Mr R Lowndes 1873 Mr R Lowndes 1874 Mr J H Powell 1875 Mr M Hopkins 1876 Mr T L Davison 1877 Mr W Richards 1878 Mr G Coyte 1879 Mr R Lindley 1880 Mr L R Baily 1881 Mr W H Jones 1882 Mr E Hogg 1883 Mr C McArthur 1884 Mr H Davison 1885 Mr S Smith 1886 Mr P H Rathbone 1887 Mr S Cross 1888 Mr K W Elmslie 1889 Mr H C Jepps 1890 Mr I W Court 1891 Mr G Lidgett 1892 Sir F C Danson 1893 Mr T G Carver 1894 Mr T S Cookes 1895 Mr J S Allen 1896 Mr W E Towers 1897 Mr W Lowndes 1898 Sir D Owen, K.B.E. 1899 Mr A Lindley 1900 Mr A H May 1901 Mr W Richards, C.B.E. 1902 The Hon Mr Justice G Barnes 1903 Mr M G Towers 1904 Mr E R Lindley 1905 Mr F C Dale 1906 The Hon Mr Justice Kennedy 1907 Mr M A Rudell, C.B.E. 1908 Mr J B Wallace 1909 Mr T R Miller 1910 Mr J S Hogg 1911 Mr F T Loftus 1912 Mr J H Scrutton 1913 Mr M Dale 1914 Mr C W Henzell 1915 The Right Hon Viscount Mersey 1916 Mr B T Harland 1917 Mr G S Lloyd Davies
1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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Mr A W Dauglish Mr A D MacKinnon Sir T J Storey, K.B.E. Mr H B Hurd Mr H T Lindley The Right Hon Viscount Sumner, G.C.E. Mr G R Rudolf Mr J D Barker Mr A H Watts The Right Hon Lord Merrivale Mr A C Smith Lt-Col D Cookes, D.S.O. Mr F E Vaughan The Hon Mr Justice Roche Mr H E May Mr H W Lindley Mr C E Fox The Hon Mr Justice MacKinnon Mr E R Lindley Mr E E Moore Mr G O Henzell, M.C. The Right Hon Lord Wright Mr G F Elmslie Mr C T Ellis, M.C. Mr E W Reading, M.C. Mr P R Bennett, B.L. The Right Hon Lord Porter Mr C B Cooper Mr J R Danson, M.A., M.C. Mr W Richards, C.B.E. Mr W D Wattleworth Mr J T Walker, M.C. The Hon Mr Justice Pilcher, M.C. Mr F G Hogg T.D. Mr G J B Edge Mr D R Miller Mr G E Towers Mr D D B Johnson, O.B.E., B.Com. Mr D V Moore Mr W T Wood The Right Hon Lord Justice Sellers, M.C. Mr M H Downes Mr S G Chubb Mr J H Lloyd Davies Mr A J Finlason, M.C. Mr R H Arnold Mr C T Greenacre Mr R C Clancey, LL.B. Mr N M Gordon The Right Hon Lord Devlin, P.C. Mr G R Heselton
Annual Report 2021
Past Chairmen (continued) 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Mr J S Crump Mr D L Towers Mr R A H Arnold The Rt Hon Sir G Willmer, O.B.E., T.D. Mr N G Hudson Mr G H May Mr D G Milburn Mr A B Dann M.A., J.P. Mr C R D Towers The Right Hon Lord Justice Roskill Mr D C Cooper Mr W P F Bennett, M.A. Mr J P Duke The Right Hon Lord Justice Donaldson Mr W Richards Mr R A Stacey Mr G S Hughes Mr K V Wood The Hon Mr Justice Sheen Mr D J Wilson Mr A J Birch Mr C S Hebditch, M.A. Mr R W Hipkin Mr J S Crump Mr J C Allen Mr R R Smith Mr J A MacDonald
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
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Mr C I Barstow, M.A. The Right Hon Lord Mustill Mr D M Pannell Mr D C Clancey Mr J M Duncan, M.A. Mr J M Duncan, M.A. Mr T J W Madge Mr T J W Madge Mr D W Taylor Mr M D Harvey Mr N J C Rogers Mr N J C Rogers Mr R R Cornah Mr R R Cornah The Right Hon Mr Justice Tomlinson Mr J R Ahern Mr P Silver Mr K Jones Mr K Jones Mr P O Rowland Mr A M Paton Mr K J Martin Mr W Richards Mr W Richards Mr R Cornah Mr M Starmans
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