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Introduction To Internal Tables

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Report - Internal Tables    

Internal tables fulfill the function of arrays.

Stores data extracted from database tables.

Internal tables can be nested.

It consists of Body and Header line.  Body – Holds the rows of the internal table.  Header line – Has same structure as row of the body holding a single row only.  Work Area :  To change or output the contents of an internal table, you need a work area.  When processing an internal table, the system always fills the work area with the contents of the current table line.  You can then process the work area.  Header line is the default work area for internal tables with header line

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Report - Internal Tables

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Report - Declaring Internal Tables TYPE typ OCCURS n Defines an internal table without header line.

Example TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE_TYPE, NAME(20) TYPE C, AGE TYPE I, END OF LINE_TYPE. DATA:

PERSONS TYPE LINE_TYPE OCCURS 20, PERSONS_WA TYPE LINE_TYPE.

PERSONS-NAME = 'Michael'.

PERSONS-AGE = 25.

APPEND PERSONS_WA TO PERSONS.

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Report - Declaring Internal Tables TYPE typ OCCURS n WITH HEADER LINE Defines an internal table with header line. Such a table consists of any number of table lines with the type typ and a header line.

Example TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE_TYPE, NAME(20) TYPE C, AGE TYPE I, END OF LINE_TYPE. DATA:

PERSONS TYPE LINE_TYPE OCCURS 20 WITH HEADER LINE.

PERSONS-NAME = 'Michael'.

PERSONS-AGE = 25.

APPEND PERSONS.

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Report - Declaring Internal Tables  Referencing data dictionary object  With header line  DATA FLIGHT_TAB LIKE SFLIGHT OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER LINE.

 Without header line  DATA FLIGHT_TAB LIKE SFLIGHT OCCURS 10.  DATA FLIGHT_TAB LIKE SFLIGHT.

 Including structures  You can Include another structure into Internal table.

DATA : BEGIN OF T_TAB1 OCCURS 10, FIELDS1 LIKE BKPF-BELNR, FIELDS2 LIKE BSEG-BUZEI, END OF T_TAB1.

DATA : BEGIN OF T_TAB2 OCCURS 10.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE T_TAB1.

DATA : END OF T_TAB2.

In this example, T_TAB2 will also contain the fields FIELD1 & FIELD2.

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Report - Filling Internal Tables APPEND Statement APPEND [wa TO | INITIAL LINE TO] itab.

 Appends a new line to the end of the internal table itab. If you specify wa TO, the new line is taken from the contents of the explicitly specified work area wa.  If you use INITIAL LINE TO, a line filled with the correct value for the type is added. If the specification before itab is omitted, the new line is taken from the internal table itab.  After the APPEND, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the newly added table entry.

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Report - Filling Internal Tables INSERT Statement INSERT [wa INTO | INITIAL LINE INTO] itab [INDEX idx].

 Inserts a new line into an internal table. If you specify wa INTO , the new line is taken from the contents of the explicitly specified work area wa.  When using INITIAL LINE INTO , a line containing the appropriate initial value for its type is inserted into the table. If you omit the specification before itab , the new line is taken from the header line of the internal table itab.  INDEX idx specifies the table index before which the line is inserted into the table itab .

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Assigning internal tables  Internal tables without header line  MOVE ITAB1 TO ITAB2.  ITAB2 = ITAB1  Internal tables with header line  MOVE ITAB1[ ] TO ITAB2[ ].  ITAB2[ ] = ITAB1[ ].

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Extracting data from database table

SELECT c1 c2 … cn|* FROM <dbtable> INTO TABLE <itab> WHERE <condition>.    

dbtable – Name of the database table c1,c2,…cn – columns in the database table itab – Internal table that holds the data condition – WHERE clause condition

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Report - Retrieving Internal Tables LOOP AT Statement LOOP AT itab.

LOOP AT itab INTO wa.  Processes an internal table (DATA) in a loop which begins with LOOP and ends with ENDLOOP. Each of the internal table entries is sent to the output area in turn.  When LOOP AT itab. is used, the header line of the internal table itab is used as output area.  In the case of LOOP AT itab INTO wa , there is an explicitly specified work area wa.  If the internal table is empty, all the statements between LOOP and ENDLOOP are ignored.  In each loop pass, SY-TABIX contains the index of the current table entry. After leaving a LOOP, SY-TABIX has the same value as it had before.

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Report - Retrieving Internal Tables READ Statement READ TABLE itab INDEX idx [INTO WA].

READ TABLE itab WITH KEY <k1> = <f1> <k2> = <f2>… <kn> = <fn> [INTO wa] [BINARY SEARCH].  Reads an internal table entry. An entry can be chosen using a key or its index idx.  With "READ TABLE itab.", the header line of the internal table itab is used as the output area; with "READ TABLE itab INTO wa." the explicitly specified work area wa is used for this purpose.  For BINARY SEARCH, the internal table itab should be sorted by the keys k1,k2…kn.

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Report - Modifying Internal Tables MODIFY Statement MODIFY itab [FROM wa] [INDEX idx].  Changes an entry in the internal table itab .  If you specify FROM wa , the line is replaced by the explicitly specified work area wa . If the FROM specification is omitted, the line is replaced by the header line from itab .  With INDEX idx, you can specify the table index of the line to be changed.

The index specification can be omitted in a LOOP on an internal table.  The INDEX specification can also appear before the FROM specification.

Note The counting of table entries begins with 1.

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Report - Deleting Internal Tables DELETE Statement DELETE itab.  The current entry of the internal table itab is deleted in a LOOP loop.  Return code value is set to 0.

DELETE itab INDEX idx.  Deletes the idx entry from the internal table itab .  The return code value is set as follows:  SY-SUBRC = 0 The entry was deleted.  SY_SUBRC = 4 The entry does not exist.

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Report - Deleting Internal Tables DELETE Statement DELETE itab FROM idx1 TO idx2.  Deletes the line area from index idx1 to idx2 from internal table itab. At least one of the two parameters FROM idx1 or TO idx2 should be specified.  If parameter FROM is missing, the area from the start of the table to line idx2 is deleted.  If parameter TO is missing, the area from line idx1 to the end of the table is deleted.  Start index idx1 must be greater than 0. The return code value is set as follows:  SY-SUBRC = 0 At least one entry was deleted.  SY_SUBRC = 4 None of the entries were deleted.

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Report - Sorting Internal Tables SORT Statement SORT itab DESCENDING. SORT itab ASCENDING. SORT itab BY f1 f2 ... fi.  Sorts the entries of the internal table itab in ascending order. The default key is used as the sort key for internal tables.  Sorts itab by the sub-fields f1, f2 , ..., fi which form the sort key. These fields can be any type (even number fields or tables).  Unless you specify otherwise, the sort is in ascending order. You can also use additions 1 and 2 before BY if you want all sub-fields to apply.  To change the sort sequence for each individual field, specify DESCENDING or ASCENDING after each of the sub-fields f1 , f2 , ..., fi .

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CLEAR/REFRESH 

CLEAR ITAB.  If ITAB is an internal table without a header line, the entire table is deleted together with all its entries.  If, however, ITAB is an internal table with a header line, only the subfields in the table header entry are reset to their initial values.  To delete the entire internal table together with all its entries, you can use CLEAR ITAB[ ] or REFRESH ITAB.



NOTE:  CLEAR f. 

Clears the field contents

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Report - Retrieving Internal Table attributes DESCRIBE Statement DESCRIBE TABLE itab. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Returns the attributes of the internal table itab. You must use at least one of the additions listed below.

Additions : 1. ... LINES lin Places the number of filled lines of the table t in the field lin.

2. ... OCCURS n Transfers the size of the OCCURS parameter from the table definition to the variable n.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables  All these structures begin with AT and end with ENDAT. The sequence of statements which lies between them is then executed if a control break occurs.  AT NEW f. / AT END OF f.  f is a sub-field of an internal table processed with LOOP.  The sequence of statements which follow it is executed if the subfield f or a sub-field in the current LOOP line defined (on the left) before f has a different value than in the preceding (AT NEW) or subsequent (AT END OF) table line.  AT FIRST. / AT LAST.  Executes the appropriate sequence of statements once during the first (AT FIRST) or last (AT LAST) loop pass.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables AT FIRST Statements are executed before any records are processed while looping at Internal table.

Example : LOOP AT itab.

AT FIRST. WRITE : SY-ULINE. ENDAT. ENDLOOP.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables AT LAST Statements are executed after all records are processed while looping at Internal table.

Example : LOOP AT itab.

AT LAST. WRITE : SY-ULINE. ENDAT. ENDLOOP.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables AT NEW <Field Name> Statements are executed at the beginning of a group of records containing the same value for <Field Name>..

Example : LOOP AT itab.

AT NEW I_LIFNR. WRITE : SY-ULINE ENDAT. ENDLOOP.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables AT END OF <Field Name> Statements are executed at the end of a group of records containing the same value for <Field Name>.

Example : LOOP AT itab.

AT END OF I_LIFNR. WRITE : SY-ULINE. ENDAT. ENDLOOP.

Note : AT NEW and AT END OF make sense only for a sorted table.

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Report - Summation SUM Statement SUM.  SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).  You can use the SUM statement both at the end and the beginning of a control group  Example: LOOP AT itab.

AT LAST. SUM. WRITE : itab-fld1.

ENDAT. ENDLOOP.

Prints the sum of values of fld1 in all rows of itab.

Fld1 should be a numeric type field

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Report - Summation COLLECT Statement COLLECT [wa INTO] itab.  COLLECT is used to summate entries in an internal table.  COLLECT = APPEND, if no entries with the same key exists 

= Adds the numeric values to their corresponding field

values, if an entry with same key exists

 Used to create summarized tables.

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Report - Summation COLLECT Statement Example Timesheets per employee per day INT_EMPTMSHT – EMPNO(char), EDATE(date), HOURS(integer) Total time per employee for the whole period under consideration INT_TMSHTSUM – EMPNO(char),HOURS(integer)

INT_EMPTMSHT

INT_TMSHTSUM

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Report - Summation COLLECT Statement Example LOOP AT INT_EMPTMSHT. MOVE-CORRESPONDING INT_EMPTMSHT TO INT_TMSHTSUM. COLLECT INT_TMSHTSUM. ENDLOOP. INT_TMSHTSUM

INT_TMSHTSUM

INT_TMSHTSUM

INT_TMSHTSUM

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