REPORT: Indian Institute of Technology,Palakkad Design Proposal

REPORT ON IIT, PALAKKAD CAMPUS DESIGN

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index

1. introduction 2. understading the place 3. learning from experience 4. design development 5. design language 6. sustainability 7. infrastructure 8. structural system 9. budgetary estimate 10. Griha norms 11. Construction management 12. BIM

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01 INTRODUCTION

VISION “To build an Institution of excellence for Education and Research with overall development of human resources to its fullest potential. A place where distinguished scholars, academicians and technologists live and work to advance knowledge for the advancement of self and society.”

project OBJECTIVE “To build a Green, Sustainable Campus with infrastructure facilities and ambience conducive for the achievement of the vision and surpass successively.” “… Schools began with a man under a tree who did not know he was a teacher discussing his realizations with a few who did not know they were students. The students reflected on what was exchanged and how good it was to be in the presence of this man… Our vast systems of education now vested in institutions stem from these schools but the spirit of their beginning is forgotten…”

Louis I. Kahn REPORT ON IIT, PALAKKAD CAMPUS DESIGN

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â€œâ€ŚGreat campuses are realm of spaces where it is good to learn. They would be open spaces with hardly any door, without any restriction to the exchange of ideas among teachers and students. The lobby would become a generous space where it is good to enter. The corridors would be transferred into classrooms belonging to the students themselves by making them much wider and provided with alcoves overlooking the gardens. They would become the places where boy meets girl, where the student discusses the work of the professor with his fellow student.

And then these spaces, which are high and low and lighted from above and the side, may be small spaces for a number of people, may be large spaces for just a few people, but in any case one cannot help but visualize even a corridor as spaces where it is good to learn. By allowing classroom time to these spaces instead of passage time from class to class, it would become a meeting connection and not merely a corridor, which means a place of possibilities in self-learning. It becomes the classroom belonging to the students. Why must we begrudge the ten minutes that it takes to go from class to class? Is not coming out of class also learning? And must the cafeteria be in the basement, even though its use in time is little? Is not the relaxing moment of the meal also a part of learning?..�

Our proposal conceives the institution as a network of shaded courtyards and pavilions connecting different disciplines. This network not only connects the different functions within the institution, but also intermittently relates the inside to outside, creating points of interests along the movement path and acts as an interaction corridor. The seemingly organic growth of the institution is an outcome of deliberate distribution of common facilities (common class rooms, lecture halls and hangout spaces) along the interaction corridor, a step anew from the conventional way of grouping them aside the main academic area. The smaller eateries and hangout spaces invite activities and create a milieu of interdisciplinary interactions.

The buildings are designed to be neutral canvases onto which activities will add colour. Open spaces are considered more important than the covered spaces. Even the covered spaces tend not to be fully enclosed; the distinction between interior and exterior is less marked. The spaces are adaptable to the changes to come and will allow the institution to grow organically over time without compromising its vitality as a whole.

02 understanding the place

The proposed IIT campus is located in Pudussery Panchayath covering an area of 529.52 acres. It is located at about 7-8 km from NH 544 (old name- NH 47). The site shares its boundary with Walayar forest range at the northern edge which is an ecologically sensitive zone as per the Ecosensitive division of Kerala state biodiversity board. The railway track runs parallel to the southern boundary of IIT site which act as a check dam for the water surface drainage since the site is sloping towards south.

palakkad gap The Western Ghats, bordering the eastern boundary of Kerala are almost continuous except near Palakkad where there is a natural mountain pass known as the Palakkad gap. This gap determines the climate of the region by allowing the moisture laden monsoon winds to pass through during south-west monsoon season.

Topographical relief The elevation of the site ranges from 106m to 142m above mean sea level. The northern and western boundaries of Palakkad site is highly undulating and has steep slopes which ranges between 30-60% and towards south, the site is almost flat with a nominal slope which ranges between 0-10%. The steep slopes on the northern and western side is mostly rocky hillocks without vegetation.

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Hydrology Due to the physiographic setting of the region between the Western Ghats, Palakkad gap is prone to drought as well as heat wave conditions.

In spite of a few summer showers, almost all parts of Palakkad district face acute shortage of drinking and irrigation water, with the drying up of its major water sources during summers and very low ground water table. On the basic assessment of groundwater utilization pattern, across Kerala, Malampuzha block of Palakkad district has been categorized as ‘Critical’.

A number of small wetlands are there in the western and south-western sides of the site. These wetlands included small ponds and water filled abandoned quarries. It is drained by two fourth-order streams which consolidate into a single fifth-order stream near the southern periphery flowing out to the paddy fields through a culvert under the railway line.

This is the region which forms the collection tank of the watershed and has the potential of a constructed wetland or a reservoir, dedicated to the harvesting of water.

YERI SYSTEM OF KANJIKODE The traditional people who were adapted to this water stress issue in summers had iterated the perennial water stream networks through the region and constructed shallow, small ponds (yeris) in their villages which worked on the basis of overflow system for domestic water requirement and irrigation in their paddy fields. During monsoons, these paddy fields act as a wetland system, which helps in ground water recharging and hence maintained the water table from going very low in summers. It also prevented the cropped lands and villages from flooding during monsoons and acted as water spread area for the streams from the mountains. This could be the single most determining factor for continued cultivation, and also for the foray of elephants into the landscape for crop raiding and water during summers. The network faced destruction over the years due to conversion of the agricultural land for residential use.

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VEGETATION character The campus is a mosaic of habitats with remnants of dense forests, agricultural fallows, rocky outcrops and water bodies. A substantial portion of the site is typified by green cover, which are remnants of the historical forests of the landscape and these are present as two large parcels in the central portion of the site. The forests represent the lowland moist deciduous to semi-evergreen types as described by Champion and Seth (1968) [Source: The Ecological management Plan by Care Earth Trust].

These forests are mostly confined to the northern and north-eastern sides and are characterized by the presence of evergreen trees. The western segment is topographically diverse having a linear hillock with a thin strip of moist forests along the foothills. Rest of the Campus is comprised of recent fallow lands. Moderate to sparse vegetation is there throughout the site, interspersed with other vegetation typologies.

As a major portion of the site is comprised of fallow fields which doesn’t have upper storeys, it offers beautiful views of the Western Ghats, ie. the Walayar Forest Range, a tropical forest with changing character throughout the year.

vegetation typology MAP

vegetation DENSITY MAP

The landscape character is basically a mixed landscape consisting of vast areas of paddy fields separated by man made bio-bunds, which is the cultivated landscapes kept fallow for the last few years. It is interspersed with patches of remnant forest, rocky outcrops and sparse vegetated areas along the undulating terrain in the north. The water bodies and streams, with riparian buffer at few edges acts as natural corridors.

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CLIMATE The climate of the study area differs from the rest of Kerala as it falls in the Palakkad gap region. The Palakkad gap is a major break in the western ghats, which influences the rainfall, temperature distribution and wind pattern. Owing to this geographical location the entire Palakkad gap has been identified as a separate agro-climatic zone (Source: Government of Kerala 1979).

The region has a tropical climate with an oppressive hot season and fairly assured seasonal rainfall. Summer starts from February onwards and temperature raises steadly till the end of May. It is followed by the SouthWest monsoon which lasts till September. There is abundant rainfall during the season. The North-East or retreating monsoon winds blow in October and November months. Due to orographic influence, the region experiences heavy rainfall and winds in the North-East monsoon season.

The period from December to February is generally dry.

Temperature March and April months are hot and December, January and February are cold months.

Mean maximum is 37deg C and mean minimum is 22deg C. Weather is oppressive throughout hot season due to dry winds blowing from Coimbatore plateau.

Humidity The value ranges from 80%-89%.

Wind velocity Wind blows from East as well as West during morning and evening hours.

Wind speed varies from 2.4km/hr to 5.13 km/hr.

Maximum speed is observed in January and minimum in December.

built context The site is connected to the city through two major roads. The KV road connecting the national highway to site has a formal character with major public and institutional buildings on both sides. The roads connecting through the railway underpass create an alternate connectivity to site, uninterrupted by the railway cross. This road with residential buildings and agricultural lands is an active corridor.

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morphological analysis Figure ground map which highlights built mass and the density in the study area.

Industrial land use being the major income generator has attracted new residential developments which divided the existing settlement and the agrarian water networks.

morphological character UNEVEN TEXTURE coarse GRAIN Large built

UNEVEN TEXTURE fine GRAIN Isolated

mass, isolated placement suggesting hazardous industrial use.

small built mass suggesting scattered agrarian settlement.

UNEVEN TEXTURE fine GRAIN Small isolated built mass of residential use related to adjascent industrial use.

UNEVEN TEXTURE coarse GRAIN Large

UNEVEN TEXTURE fine GRAIN Linear arrangemnet along the road- closely packed. Balanced distribution on both side of the road.

UNEVEN TEXTURE fine GRAIN

built mass of industrial character.

Orthogonally small built mass suggesting planned development near existing residential area.

even TEXTURE fine GRAIN Orthogonally

even TEXTURE coarse GRAINLarge

small built mass sugge- sting planned residential development within industrial area.

UNEVEN TEXTURE coarse GRAIN River side settlements:uneven built distribution suggests restricted built use and presence of larger built mass towards NH shows commercial developments.

dense built mass suggesting exclusive industrial area edged by allied office building.

UNEVEN TEXTURE coarse GRAIN Sparsely placed large built mass suggesting specialised industrial campus.

evolution - roads the initiator First settlement developed around the Sathrapadi region along the eastwest road before colonnisation took place. There was a wide network of ponds and canals to support agriculture. During the growth of colonisation in India introduction of railway from Palakkad to Coimbatore brought industrial developments along the railway line. Introductin of railway network in 1860 divided the region physically into two limiting the further settlements and developments towards the southern side of the railway line. Special care was taken to ensure the continuity of canal network during these developments which kept the agrarian activities intact.

During Post-independence period, Kanjikode became Industrial hub starting with the Instrumentation in 1960. With that, further settlements came catering to Industrial sector. The same triggered development of National Highway. A major shift in economy and development trends disturbed the existing water system and agricultural properties.

The introduction of IIT has the potential to bring about development in resources such as health care, recreation, transportation etc which will be made accessible to the public as well. This is a chain reaction brought by the cultural diversity in population seen in such campuses.

pre- colonisation

colonisation

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LAND USE STUDY Kanjikode has faced drastic changes in landuse which affected the place ecologically, economically and culturally. This remains as the second largest industrial area of Kerala. Industrial land use being the major income generator has attracted new residential developments which divided the existing settlement and the agrarian water networks.

Paddy without cultivation Dry agriculture Forest Transport Water body Proposed land Vacant land Residential Commercial Industrial Public and semi Public Religious Open Space Paddy

Apart from individual residential and commercial developments large scale industrial and institutional developments have greater responsiblities.

Major commercial developments are along NH and roads connecting residential and industrial buildings. Industrial land use limits and divides the neighbouring developments.

The coming of Indian Institute of Technology at Kanjikode will trigger commercial developments along KV road, Cheriya Yeri road and the service road. There are chances of commercial developments along the southern and eastern parts of the campus.

physical and social infrastructure shared infrastructure Site has excellent social and physical infrastructure due to the industrial developments in the region. A self sustaining development can reduce the load on the existing infrastructure facilities. Presence of a secondary access road along the residential area will help in connecting the local population with the IITians. Thus social infrastructure will act as a shared facility making it inclusive in the planning.

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transportation network Rail track and the NH divides the precinct into three layers. Top layer with IIT, the middle layer with industries and allied residences, bottom layer with old residential settlements, its institutions and industries.

The secondary roads towards the campus act as a development corridor.

Presence of industries and institutions along the KV road (1.1 km to NH)makes it a better place for formal entry into the campus. Whereas the road to Cheriya Yeri (.75km to NH)with railway underpass will act as a residential entry retaining existing rural character. The same road will remain as the nearest access to Kanjikode railway staion (1.3 km away from site) and existing social infrastructure. This road will act as a socializing platform where locals and IITians will interact ensuring a harmonious relationship.

Shadow cast corridors Contours and adjacent built use play a vital role in dividing the activity along the corridors. N-S axis of the primary and secondary road connecting to site favors pedestrian activity along the corridors. The railway line becomes a divider as well as generator of activities. The Kendriya Vidyalaya school and residential area around it makes it a major activity node in the primary access road.

road hierarchy

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03 learning from experience

learning from tradition courtness ‘Courtness’ an intrinsic quality has remained a timeless quality of architecture across the world. Integral to courtyards of various functions and scales, this attribute is what informs the sense of life in courtyards.

Multiple courts create a kind of porosity in the building mass that not only take light and air deeper into the building but provide choices for the extension of activites to different spaces.

The organisation of the covered spaces around the courtyards is more like pavilions connected directly to the outside spaces. The somewhat porous relationship between the inside and the outside made a lot of sense for climatic reasons. It was normal for activites to spill over into the courtyards. This is a design paradigm that brings tranguility to the interior of the buildings, a response to climate where court spaces find multiple uses depending upon the time of the day and the season.

Hence coutyard serve as a metaphor for the spirit of the building.

The incremental quality of traditional building complexes The harmonius geometry of traditional palace complexes were formed gradually by successive adaptations,happening one by one over a period of time. The building process sometimes lasted for hundreds of years, but even over such a long period, at each step there was respect for what existed in the land and for what had come before the construction process.

echoing the backdrop The roof of Padmanabhapuram Palace with distant mountains at the backdrop echo the feeling of the distant mountains and make the skyline a continuum of the same; and the complex harmoniously melts into its backdrop without losing its distinctness.

water : the channel of life The consideration for the changes in microclimate was addressed during ancient era as it would control the inner temperature or heat gain, vegetation was added to improve the quality of outer spaces by evapotranspiration which adds water vapours to the air and brings down the temperature keeping the internal comfort to an optimum level. Hence water bodies (still, moving) were added to the palaces for improving the humidity in hot and dry region, inside the building using canals to modify the internal environment.

Learning from masters Academic exchange beyond classrooms The design engages with the climate, the culture and the quality of the vegetation. The complex consists of interspersed courtyards soaring upto three storeys high. B.V. Doshi has used this series of courtyards to create external focal points, which are connected by voluminous corridors. The linking elements are spatially enriched to provide interactive nodes for chance meetings, for interaction and communication between students.

monumentality in simplicity The classic structure is a graceful blend of modern architecture and Indian tradition. Ordinary construction materials such as brick and concrete have a very special meaning in the form of three dimensional flying arches and buttresses. Louis I Khan has used deep recesses and openings as varied devices to control natural light, permit ventilation and to modulate the built mass. Solid insulating planes of exposed brick and shaded corridors act as internal streets giving the institutuional campus its dignity and monumentality.

climate tempered courtyards The India Habitat centre limits tropical sunshine with climate-tempered courts, shaded by overhead sunscreens and enlivened by vertical gardens. Unlike other institutional buildings, in this building Joseph Allen Stein has succeeded in reducing chaos and ugliness.The basic ideology of the design is to define spaces by creating a rhythm in movement and layering enclosures, frames and vistas.

Sunlight streams into the space, being broken by the large space frame structure on the roof level with blue shading elements. Light and shadow play on the textured surface of the building, creating beautiful patterns which varies with the day and season.

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library: a point of focus CDS designed by Laurie Baker is a master piece with its unorthodox layout rooted in tradition.The library tower is the central structure acting as the heart of the campus with easy access to every other building of various disciplines. Laurie Baker had the idea of a wheel with its hub at the centre as the library. Buildings with varying functions and scale were placed in harmony with central tower, keeping in mind the incremental development of the campus.

Transition between indoor and outdoor The Bharat Bhawan designed by Charles Correa is a cultural centre with introvertedness as an expressed virtue and relies heavily on multiple courts. The number and scale of courtyards provide an oppurtunity for diverse activities to spill over on to the courts and the surrounding spaces are so articulated as to encourage much participation.

monolithic open spaces IIT Kanpur designed by Achyut Kanvinde became a precursor to the later campus designs in india. His attempt to scale the sizable mass of the project into smaller, comprehensive clusters resulted in monolithic open spaces. A five minute walking distance was considered while planning the academic zone, but the open walkways and verandahs became impractical, especially considering the exposure to extreme climate.

04 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Land suitability analysis The existing natural layers studied were overlayed using the traditional map over laying method to delineate the most suitable area for built structures, keeping the ecosystem approach as the strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources so that the existing biodiversity and habitats are unaffected and conserved.

VEGETATION TYPOLOGY MAP

ELEVATION MAP

HYDROLOGY MAP

SUITABILITY MAP

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The most unproductive land in terms of vegetation, but suitable for construction is identified matching the needs of protection and conservation of the existing assets like the forest patches, streams, and water bodies and farm lands in the site environment. Vegetation map, topographical features and the hydrology map became the layers in this method for obtaining an area of intervention which can balance the development and disturbance on the existing diverse habitats. Since not much variation in degree of suitability was found, only one category of most suitable buildable area was considered.

The considerations while conducting the land suitability analysis: 01. The stream and water body network is kept unaltered.

02. High preference for protecting the remnant forest.

03. Steep slopes and areas towards the Northern boundary is avoided.

04. Paddy fields which are productive and where farming is carried out now is avoided.

05. As digging foundation for buildings over rocky outcrops is difficult, the same is avoided from buildable area.

06. A fire break along the Northern edge considering the chances of forest fire during summers.

07. The low lying area of the site which act as water spread areas is also avoided.

Introduction of blue-green zones To protect the existing habitats at site, the streams, wetlands and the remnant forests have to be conserved, restored and also create more wetlands in the campus. This zone will become the Blue-Green Zone that will be comprising of these blue networks and the afforested riparian corridors connecting the forest patches for the ecosystem processes to continue without obstruction.

The runoff water coming from the neighbouring mountains during the monsoons remain at the farm lands and the wetlands for a longer period which in turn helps in ground water recharging and maintaining the water table from going very low during summers. On the aspect of water stress issues Palakkad district faces every year, this hydrological cycle needs to be unaltered and rejuvenated to make sure that the campus is provided with sufficient water within the site throughout the year without depending on any other external water sources.

Road networks The design incorporates two entries one from south-west of the site leading to academic zone and the other from south-east leading to residential zone. A main central road is proposed which runs through the middle of the campus acting as an axis along the central blue green corridor. The network of service/ secondary roads encircled the main axis road.

ZONING Academic zone is placed towards the centre considering its primacy, views from the entry and towards the mountain ranges and its proximity with other facilities. Considering the secondary road and its proximity with other social and physical infrastructure, the residential zone is placed towards the eastern side of the campus.

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The view of the academic blocks gradually unveil on approach. The academic zones are placed towards the centre considering the views from the entry and towards the mountain ranges and its proximity with other facilities. Considering the secondary entry and its proximity with other social and physical infrastructure, the residential zone is placed towards the eastern side of the campus.

The academic areas distributed along both sides of the path form the epicenter of activities which are connected through an overhead bridge. The library block is the tallest structure in the complex. Other nearby structures leading up to it, create a progressive sense of movement towards that one spot, making it the principal structure. A cross section along this academic block shows the cascading of levels encompassed by courtyards and interaction spaces open out to a single congregational space overlooking the mountain ranges.

The public facilities such as the schools, assembly buildings are distributed along the western edge of the site, where it is easily accessed from main public entry way. The community facilities such as the health centre, bank, post office etc. are provided near secondary entry towards the residential area.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Master plan: Stages of development.

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master plan

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Main academic complex: Stages of development.

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05 design language

a. design and planning of building celebrating water The hydrological profiles existing at site along with the dense forest patches and corridors formed the basis for planning the zoning of our campus, which is the fundamental criteria of sustainable resource management . The main stream along with the proposed riparian edge forms a natural corridor connecting the patches becomes the central spine of the design. The remnant forests are connected with the dense vegetation of flora, same as the forest typology present at site acts as the link for the natural flows and exchanges in a forest ecosystem. This “Central Greens’ is a combination of blue – green corridor and has given the characteristics such as varying width, connectivity, breaks, nodes etc. and play the role in controlling network and relations between the landscape, built structures andits users.

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Physical Model- scale- !:2000 REPORT ON IIT, PALAKKAD CAMPUS DESIGN

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b. connectivity and integtration The road snakes around a small hillock in the south west leading to a point where one can experience the campus in its entirety. The lush green pathways flow through the site warping around the buildings in its path. A network of streams channels through and cuts across to different points along the site, turning into pools of water shaded around by thick vegetation. This spine of water and greenery along the central road will provide a conducive environment regardless of the climate. Two other roads emerge from the central spine, running along the northern and southern edges of the site and enclose the built layer within. A series of small open spaces will connect to the larger ones outside which are connected through a primary street, which opens to a surge of activities.

The main circulation forming the blue green zone has an east- west alignment running parallel to the mountains to the north. The mountains becomes a constant reference creating a dramatic backdrop for campus activities. This central blue green zone establishes a system of connections to the various functions within the campus. The angular placement of the buildings on both sides of the central greens, their strong visual connection with the horizon, the distinct backdrop of mountains, all come together to create a memorable image in perspective. This distinctly linear path create a datum for the built layer, relating the built to unbuilt. This spatial relationship created by the layer of nature provides interesting pause points where one can unwind physically and emotionally.

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c. character and identity of buildings elementary forms The seemingly complex composition is assembled from simple elementary figures. This regularity of the simple elementary shapes allow for much more complex systems of cross relationships in space to happen. The plan has no overall symmetry: it is a maze of intricate and smaller symmetries, leaving the whole to be organic, flexible and adapted to the site.

The built open relationship in the academic complex: There is virtually no part of the whole which does not have definite and positive shape. It is a packing of definitive entities, each one having its own positive shape.

Materiality The palette is inspired from the different layers of the site. It has characters that are derived from the context yet carries traits that make it unique from the generic architecture perceived for such built forms.

The tone of brick creates an earthy yet monumental appearance while in contrast to materials considered engineering feats such as exposed concrete and mild steel. The rigidity and compromises of these classical building elements get broken up with the introduction of inorganic forms materialized by tensile shading devices. It adds to the gradual transition in the design language while progressing between organic open landscapes and closed rigid volumes. The introduction of a rubble plinth aids this palette in setting up a gradient for the vertical composition of the built. It becomes the buffer that merges the natural layer at the bottom with the superficial layer on top.

BRICK: Brick is one of the world’s oldest “green” products comprised of some of the most abundant natural resources.It also contributes to sustainable design through its long life span, energy efficiency, durability, recycled content, local availability, acoustic insulation, low construction waste, and potential for recycling and reuse. As a natural insulator, brick is slow to absorb or lose heat, making the building for tolerant during the summers. Made from clay fired at nearly 2,000°F, brick is the most fire resistant building material available.

EXPOSED CONCRETE: Exposed concrete is often viewed as a highly prosaic building material. Sturdy, economical and gray but the functionality of this material — a simple mixture of water, gravel and sand — was the essence of its appeal. More than any other material, it embodied the modern sublime or the idea that human beings could shape the lived environment on a massive scale. Concrete might be bulky, and — from a certain vantage — intimidating, but it is also orderly, malleable and willing to cater to human needs.

NATURAL STONE: The authentic, rich colours and thoroughly random texture of stone seamlessly blend with the natural landscape. Stone has the same composition all the way through so normal wear and tear doesn’t alter its appearance. Natural stone is one of the most sustainable building materials as it only uses energy in its extraction and production process. It is resistant to decay and less susceptible to frost damage than other materials. It also ages beautifully and stands the test of time.

STEEL: Steel is well known for its durability and its ability to create free form combinations and domes and basically give construction companies the ability to create completely unique structures.Being light weight makes it easier to work off site and assemble on site.They allow buildings to be individual and aesthetically beautiful while also being completely functional. Steel is also considered sustainable due to its high recyclability.Owing to its flexibility,many constructions use steel as the material of choice to best withstand earthquakes.

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“The main academic complex with the backdrop: The skyline echoes the feeling of mountains, making the complex harmoniously melt into its backdrop without losing its distinctness.”

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06 sustainability

introduction Wherever society and technology are developing, the physical environment of our planet is deteriorating. Data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC, 2007) estimates that global average surface temperature will rise between 1.4°C and 5.8°C by the year 2100, whereas the average temperature rise during the last century averaged only 0.74°C. The pursuit of sustainability has become a mainstream design objective.

As Brundtland Commission stated “Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs”. Sustainable development has continued to evolve as that of protecting the world’s resource while its true agenda is to control the world’s resources. Environmentally sustainable economic growth refers to economic development that meets the need of all without leaving future generation with fewer natural resources than those we enjoy today.

The key ambition of the development of IIT campus is to produce a world class, state of the art facility with sustainability as a priority, and zero carbon, zero water and zero waste in particular as a long term targets.

The services design approach is to pursue the development of the facility in the frame work of environmental and social responsibility. The design approach will provide a sustainable service design aiming to achieve Net Zero energy consumption. The design will be developed with environment and sustainability objective as core elements. The design approach also address a sustainable growth plan for the campus.

A movement towards real sustainable development requires thinking on a much border scale and is altogether more challenging particularly with master plan for IIT campus of this ambition. The technology adopted will be reflecting the social responsibility for a sustainable design considering an educational campus, which will be an incubator and breeding ground for social responsibility for the future generation.

The development of the IIT Campus shall consider incorporation of demonstration technologies which can also help to raise awareness of some of the environmental challenges of our nation and highlight importance of going beyond usual design practices in order to change the status quo. Social sustainability can also be showcased by displaying adopted technology in reducing the carbon foot print, energy and water conservation.

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APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY BASIC APPROACH Our Global future depends on sustainable growth. Sustainable future is rooted in three issues that are linked to one another.

1 Fossil fuel depletion 2 Climate change due to Cardon dioxide emission 3 Increase in cost of Energy and Water.

The sustainable design development we are targeting is to increase the efficiency with which our campus use energy, water and material and of reducing impacts on human health and environment for the entire life cycle of the campus.

Sustainability is a response to a planetary emergency. We are in the early stage of the sixth mega-extension, plunging decline in biodiversity and rapidly destabilizing climatic-ocean circulation, and how we chose to response to this immediate challenge will be reflected in our approach to the Campus design. Our single challenge is to design the development as a sustainable development targeting Net Zero emission, Net Zero Power and Net Zero water.

SPECIFIC APPROACH There are three different but interdependent categories under which the issues of sustainable development can be addressed: 1 Social sustainability 2 Economic sustainability 3 Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability can be achieved by performing a hierarchy of actions: 1 Displacing the need for the consumption of a resource through natural means 2 Utilizing resource as effectively as possible 3 Generating resources renewably or reducing the sites existing impact on the environment.

As part of the design process we have looked into the possibilities of incorporating the concept of “Virtuous Cycles” in to the design.

Conventional models of resource use are linear and follow an input – output – disposal process. With the “Virtuous Cycles” concept every process is examined for the opportunity that it might present for recycling or up-cycling.

The challenge of finding an affordable technology to deliver the ambition of a net zero energy system for the IIT campus is a significant one. The main demands for the operation of the buildings are energy for lighting and equipment power consumption, cooling and hot water production. The design approach will be to utilize both wind power and solar energy to meet the energy demand to the extent possible and reduce the dependency on the grid power.

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

VIRTUOUS CLOSE LOOP CYCLE

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HVAC The key driver to the energy strategy for this site is to reduce the energy demand associated with normal occupation. In undertaking environmentally responsive design for any climate, the first step is to analyse the prevailing weather condition of the area. A detailed analysis of the local weather condition was carried out during the design stage to understand the temperature variations throughout the year and to explore the opportunity for passive cooling than active cooling.

The design worked to reduce the demand by closely integrating the environmental objectives with the architect to control solar gain and daylight in to the air-conditioned space. Next step was to select a system which is of high COP, low in energy usage and that uses required energy efficiently.

The design objective is to reduce the peak cooling demand by passive cooling methods. Active cooling will be limited to peak summer season and for a shorter duration to achieve comfort indoor condition for the Offices, Academic Zone, Library, Conference facilities and Auditorium.

The Active cooling requirement for other areas will be evaluated during the design development.

The Architectural design considered for the buildings are fully ventilated design concept with verandas to protect the indoor space from direct sun light and heat. The air-conditioning system will be limited to Academic block, offices, Library, Auditorium and Conference facility. All other areas, passive cooling technologies will we sought. This will help to reduce the energy consumption.

Natural ventilation depends solely on air movement to cool the occupants by collecting prevailing winds and replacing the warm air inside with fresh cool air. The building will be designed in a way that it captures natural winds and will be able to eject warm spent air outside the building. Since the natural wind cannot be scheduled, it is the ability of the designer to enhance natural ventilation using stack vent, operable windows, skylights, monitors and jaali screens.

The HVAC design will be based on energy efficiency and sustainability.

Various air-conditioning systems were evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, cost of installation and maintainability. Though a central system with water cooled chillers in distinct cooling methodology will be energy efficient, but considering the cost and maintainability, it will not be a suitable system for the campus. Hence we have considered independent, block wise HVAC System of Variable Refrigerant type with ducted air distribution for the campus.

The low side HVAC system can be standard ducted air distribution system or HVAC system based on Chilled Beam / Radiant Cooling system with under floor air distribution for higher efficiency and low energy consumption. Both the options will be further evaluated for the energy efficiency, maintainability and cost efficiency and will be adopted considering the areas and functions to be covered.

Energy Conservation Strategies for Air–conditioning & Ventilation System • High COP (Low IKW / TR) Variable refrigerant flow • Energy efficient split units. (BEE Star rated) • CFC free refrigerant for compressors • Energy efficient motors for AHU’s and ventilation fan motors.

• Selection of highly efficient fans for air handling units and ventilation system.

• Variable speed drive on AHU’s and ventilation fans.

• Indoor air quality sensors to modulate the fresh air quantity based on demand.

• Heat recovery wheels for pre cooling outdoor air by using the waste exhaust air from toilet & pantry etc.

• Public areas (with high occupancy) shall be provided with CO2 censors provided to constantly monitor indoor quality. These CO2 censors in turn shall control the outdoor air quantity by modulating the motorized damper at fresh air grill.

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ELECTRICAL Wind energy The campus will not be suitable for major wind mill which can harvest wind power in the range of 500KW to 1 MW.Those wind mills will be noisy and not suitable for an educational campus. Instead we could consider smaller wind mills of smaller capacity for varying usage.

We have considered a combination of Mini Wind Terminals and Micro Wind Turbine scattered around the campus. The power generated can be fed back to the Electricity networks through Net Metering system.

These small wind terminals with a capacity of 100KW can be considered on the North and North Eastern side adjacent to the proposed sub stations/buildings. The campus can have multiple small wind terminal to generate in the range of 1 Mega Watt of electrical power.

Micro Wind Mills can also be considered on top of the buildings or as stand alone unit. The micro wind mill can generate power in the range of 5 KW, which can be used for powering the grid through net metering, to provide localized power for charging Electrical Vehicle, which is most suitable for campuses. This can also utilized to establish charging stations for student Mobiles, laptops and to establish Wi-Fi stations in the campus.

Eddy Micro Wind Turbine help to generate power in the range of 5 KW and can be installed on top of the buildings and in sport complex. These are very low noise turbans and the sound level will be in the region of 35dB.This can also be used in conjunction with solar panel for street lighting.

This Micro Wind Tree is a new invention, which is adopted by many educational campus. This can generate power in the range of 5 KW and mainly used as charging stations for battery operated vehicles, mobiles and other electronic equipment. These unit can generate power at a wind speed as low as 1.3 meter per second.

Wind Tronics is the future of Wind Technology, developed by Honeywell.

This silent unit can operate at a very low wind power 2.5 meters/sec.

This technology avoid the central turbine and the efficiency is very high comparing to standard wind mills. This is anticipated to capture the market in few years’ time.

Solar Power The campus location guarantees a lot of solar power throughout the year.

Solar panels are considered on the North side rock formation as well as on the roof top of the buildings.

All the Hot water requirement of the campus for accommodation block as well as other facility can be met with Solar Water Heaters located on the roof of respective buildings.

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vortex power plant In a fairly radical departure from the principles that normally govern hydroelectric power generation, Austrian Engineer Mr. Franz Zotloterer has constructed a low-head power plant that make use of the kinetic energy inherent in an artificially induced vortex. The water’s vortex energy is collected by a slow moving, large-surface water wheel.

The vortex power plant reminds a bit of an upside-down snail- through a large, straight inlet the water enters tangentially into a round basin, forming a powerful vortex, which finds its outlet at the centre bottom of the sallow basin. The turbine does not work on pressure difference but on the dynamic force of Vortex.

This technology can be installed on run-of-the-river locations or irrigation channels of low flow and head. Water Vortex power plants are easy to install, operate and maintain locally without any external expertise.

The minimum flow required will be 1 m3/sec and a head of 1.5 to 2m to generate 10KW from a single unit. Multiple parallel or series units can be also considered.

The energy produced from the water’s kinetic energy from the flowing water is 100% green electricity. This technology address the problem of energy crisis and put forward an innovative technology in harvesting the unexploited immense hydro potential in India, thereby offering a partial solution to the problem of our energy deficiency.

Air Pollution Good indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, good acoustic and amenities- all play a vital role in creating a healthy and productive work environment. A healthy and productive working environment is a key element of any sustainable building.

The long term impact of clean air goes beyond enhancing occupant well being, health and safety. Clean air keeps Air-conditioning system clean, prevent cooling coil fouling and maximize cooling coil heat transfer efficiently and save energy.

90% of the world population lives in places where air pollution exceeds safe limits according to research from World Health Organization (WHO).

The WHO data shows that 11.6 % of world’s death is caused by Air Pollution.

The project is a green field project located in a village atmosphere, but its nearness to Kanjikode industrial belt create a polluted atmosphere. In addition various elements like mixture of solid and liquid particles called Particulate Matter (PM) present in the air-conditioned indoor space create a major concern.

Addressing this aspects is a key element in the design development of the Academic Block, Library and Conference facility.

To contain the indoor air pollution both Active and Passive Filtration measures will be adopted. Active Technology release elements in to the air to ionize the pollutant which will lead to ozone generation. Passive technology has media based filters that absorbs the pollutant without releasing any ozone.

An electrostatic precipitator called electrostatic air cleaner can also be used to filter the air. The device uses an electric charge to remove impurities either solid particle or liquid droplets, from the air. This system functions by applying energy only to the particulate matter (PM) being collected without significantly impending the air flow. This technology is a two stage system with which charged ionized particles are removed by moving air in to a strong electric field at the collectors and trapped at the charged collector plates.

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Water “If there happens a third world war, it will be over water�.

Fresh water, a fast depleting natural resource is a major concern and it is our life line. The campus design targets a Net Zero Water usage. Net Zero water Campus is a water neutral development, where the amount of water used from the source and water returned to the source is equal.

The goal of Net Zero water is to preserve the quantity and quality of natural water resource with minimal deterioration, depletion, and rerouting of water by utilizing potential alternate water source to minimize the use of supplied fresh water.

Ultimately a Net Zero water campus completely offset water use with alternate water plus water returned to the original water source.

The IIT campus has multiple wells from the Aquifer as a source of Fresh water. In addition, the region has around 132 days of rainfall. The quantity of water available from the rain will be adequate for the year round operation of the campus as well as for recharging the Aquifer.

The sustainable design utilise methods to reduce water consumption and reuse treated water for higher water efficiency.

Considering the average rainy days of Kerala, Kerala gets moderate rainfall for 132 days over the year.

Data from nearest weather station: Trivandrum, India (133.0 KM).

And based on the data of rainfall over ten years from 2004 to 2014, the following is worked out.

The Total amount of Terrace rain water available in a year from the campus is 1010171 cum and the campus fresh water requirement for the year is 556625 cum.

By providing the provision of terrace rain water collection, the campus can completely eliminate the water from outside source and the campus will become ZERO DISCHARGE site.

The Total water requirement for flushing for the project is 715 cum per day which will be catered through the Grey water treatment plant.

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WASTE HANDLING STRATEGY: The collection, disposal and management of Solid Wastes is assumed significant and has drawn the attention of planners and authorities to device solid waste management programs. The solid waste generated from the project is in the form of organic and inorganic form.

Organic waste includes food waste, garden waste, kitchen wastes and inorganic waste includes paper, plastic, glass, waste building materials.

Organic solid Waste from the project will be treated in an organic converter and is used as Manure for Landscape. The inorganic solid waste will be sent for Recycling.

The compost formed by this method will have a pH value of 6.5 – 7.5 C: N ratio of 15:1 and organic matter of 40 – 50%. There will not be any pathogens and the pellets manufactured will have a calorific value of 3500 to 4000 Kcal/Kg. Details regarding the various modules, number of persons, per capita waste considered per day and the computation of total solid waste is given below: Description of Module Residential Building and Hostel Educational waste

No. of gms / persons 450 gms 100 gms

Waste Segregation: Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products, metals and glass. Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated by kitchen and are heavy in weight due to dampness. Waste can also be segregated on basis of biodegradable or non-biodegradable waste.

The solid Wastes generated will be segregated at its point of generation and collected separately in different colour coded Synthetic Bins depending upon its Bio Degradability at a common designated point.

From these bins it will be collected and brought to the Soil waste management room. Bio degradable waste will be left for processing and Non-biodegradable waste will be disposed off to authorized agency.

Wet waste are processed in the Organic Waste Converter and converted into manure which will be used for landscaping purposes and recyclable waste like paper, plastic and woods will be handed over to the recycler for recycling.

ORGANIC WASTE CONVERTER: Organic waste convertor (OWC) is totally self-contained organic waste disposal system designed to biologically convert solid waste materials in to homogenized odour free Campus. All the contacts body and outer cover body should be of SS 304 steel. The necessary power connection for the motor must be provided.

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07 infrastructure

HVAC Outdoor Design Conditions Outdoor design condition for Palakkad (nearest station considered Coimbatore) are based on Weather data compiled and published jointly

by ISHRAE & ASHRAE India chapter (AIC) and also recommended by NBC 2016, exceeding less than 1% annual cumulative frequency are considered as follows: SUMMER Dry Bulb Temperature Mean Coincident Wet Bulb Temperature Relative Humidity

: : :

98.0 °F (36.6 °C) 76.0 °F (24.4 °C) 37%

MONSOON Wet Bulb Temperature Mean Coincident Dry Bulb Temperature Relative Humidity

: : :

82.0 °F (27.8 °C) 75.0 °F (23.8 °C) 72%

WINTER Dry Bulb Temperature Mean coincident Wet Bulb Temperature Relative Humidity

: : :

65.0 °F (18.3 °C) 57.0 °F (13.8 °C) 60%

Indoor Design Conditions Indoor design condition for various spaces shall be as per Banyan Tree Guidelines and the same are as follows:

Estimated Air Conditioning Load

HEAT LOAD SUMMARY

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Space Cooling Various Cooling system have been explored based on the multiple metrics including space, energy efficiency, and impact on the water consumption. We have considered VRF system considering the scalability and ease of installation and maintenance. Each building will have independent system, which is a preferred option for phase wise development.

Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Variable refrigerant flow system comprises of multiple scroll compressors, indoor units & insulated copper piping. These indoor units shall be connected to outdoor units through copper refrigerant pipes.

Compressor in the outdoor unit is connected to a variable frequency drive whereby refrigerant flow through copper pipe shall be varied based on the air conditioning load. The outdoor unit shall have built-in energy efficiency features like capacity control, oil return operation controls, intelligent defrost control and compressor control etc.

The indoor units are similar in operation and appearance as conventional indoor units of split units and provide independent on-off control, temperature setting etc.

ADVANTAGES • Multiple compressors in outdoor unit (8 HP & Above) in conjunction with inverter drive compressor to modulate refrigerant flow based on requirement.

• Minimizing heat transfer losses due to superior refrigerant piping system with eco-friendly refrigerant.

• It can be used at places where there is scarcity of water.

• It does not require a water treatment plant, Cooling tower, pumps, condenser water piping and valves. Lower capital cost.

• Compact system, resulting in better utilization of space.

• Suitable for independent Blocks & clusters planned for spread out site in the project.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM. Different type of low side HVAC system can be considered to achieve an energy efficient system. In addition to the conventional system the following too will be considered to suit the applicable area:

•CHILLED SLAB /RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM The radiant cooling systems are primarily used for cooling of the building shell sensible load. The system comprises of piping network underneath slab or floor. The water is supplied at temperature above room dew point.

It will take around 40% of the sensible load on the building structure. For the balance sensible and latent load, alternative air conditioning system is required.

•UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) is an alternative to traditional overhead air distribution that delivers air from a pressurized air plenum located between the structural concrete slab and a raised floor system to supply conditioned air through floor diffusers directly into the occupied zone of the building, relying on the natural buoyancy of air to remove heat and contaminants.

Thermal stratification is one of the featured characteristic of UFAD system, which allows higher thermostat set points compared to the traditional overhead systems (OH) An underfloor air distribution system is broadly similar in concept and control to conventional single-duct VAV systems with the following general differences: • The distribution of conditioned air is accomplished below a raised floor system with supply registers located in the floor or in personal work stations, fed from an underfloor supply plenum; • Since air is supplied in much closer proximity to occupants than in conventional overhead systems, supply air temperatures must be higher, e.g., 65ºF to 68ºF; • The velocity of delivered air is selected to be too low to support thorough mixing within the space served - the result is a vertical displacement style ventilation regime; and • Varying degrees of individual occupant thermal and ventilation.

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ELECTRICAL Power Supply System • The power supply for the IIT campus will be available from Kanjikode HT Super Primary Substation.

• Considering the total Built up areas ( Academic Blocks, Office

Facility, Accommodation Blocks, Commercial Spaces, Sport Complex, Auditorium and Conventional Hall ) the power requirement will be in the range of 12 MW. Considering a Utilization factor of 70%, the Maximum Demand estimated for the campus is 8.4 MW (9.88MVA @0.85 PF).

• The total power requirement of the IIT campus will require a

primary Sub Station of 66/11KV. The 66 KV primary feeder can be extended from Kanjikode Super Primary Sub Station. Consider future development of the campus the Primary Substation shall have 2x20MVA Power Transformers for N+N Configuration.

• The campus is planned with one 66/11KV primary SS and 6 No’s 11KV/433V substation as shown on the Master plan drawing.

• Academic Blocks and Auditorium/Conference hall blocks shall have

Multiple Diesel Generators with acoustic enclosure for essential power supply during mains failure.

• The facility will also have central battery for emergency lighting and Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) for essential services like ICT services and security systems.

• LED lights will be proposed to meet green building standards and energy conservation.

• VFD’s will be provided for AHU motors and pumps to assist in energy saving and limits the starting current of motors.

• Timer controlled parking and outdoor lighting system will be considered for energy conservation.

• Motion detectors and occupancy sensors will be considered for lighting control of common areas and toilets for energy saving.

Net Zero Power Campus The campus has Electrical Power requirement of 12 MW. The total power consumption per year is estimated as 348.26 Lakh Kilo Watt Hour (Unit), considering the maximum demand and duration of usage.

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By utilisation of efficient power system, high efficiency lamps and Equipment and Power Management System, the demand power can be further reduced by 22% of the Maximum Demand Load.

The design propose to utilise LED lights throughout the campus with automated control system to ensure the lights are ON only on demand.

Timer and Photocell controls are proposed for external lights, and Motion/occupancy sensor proposed for Basement car park, toilets and common areas will help to save the energy in the region of 15%. Also by adopting High efficiency Transformers, Variable Frequency Control (VFD) for motors etc. will help to save energy in the region of 7%.

In addition, alternate power sources like Solar Power and wind energy, the campus could generate 335.26 Lakh Kilo Watt Hour per Year (kWH/Year).

Considering both energy efficient design and usage of alternate energy sources the Campus is considered as positive Net Energy Campus.

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ELV) The ELV design consist of 1. Information and Communication Technology (ICT), 2. Public Address (PA) System, 3. Security Access Control & Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), 4. Intelligent Building Management Systems (IBMS), 5. Fire Alarm & Monitoring System.

The ELV system will be Internet Protocol (IP) based.

PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING: COMMON BULK SERVICES (WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM) Design Approach • Economic designs with cost effectiveness.

• Selection of water efficient sanitary ware fixtures • System Reliability and Ease of Maintenance.

• Value Engineering • Rain water Harvesting and reuse.

• Renewable energy Utilization

-Water Supply system A WATER SOURCE The source of Water supply for domestic purpose will be from Rain water pond reservoir And Municipal supply. Water Treatment Plant (WTP) shall be proposed based on Phase 1 buildings water demand requirement with a provision of Phase 2 extension to produce treated water for Domestic Usages.

B WATER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM

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C WATER DEMAND The Project phase wise Water supply demand is calculated in accordance with NBC 2016 Part 9 Plumbing Service.

D WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION • The main source of water is Terrace rain water collection.

• Terrace rain water shall be collected in the underground sump and it

will be treated through water treatment plant consisting of pressure sand filter, carbon filter and softener (as per water analysis if required) and rendering disinfection by chlorine dosing inside the main pump room and treated water shall be stored in filtered water sump.

• Terrace rain water will pass through the filter to flush out floating material of first rain, before passing through the water treatment plant.

• Domestic treated water shall be distributed to each building through

gravity piping system by having a centralized overhead tank with minimum residual pressure of 1 to 1.5 bar at the remotest fixture.

• Overhead water tank shall be fed by a set of submersible pumps and

level controllers which will be located inside the filtered/treated water tank to make the system more efficient.

• Treated Grey water shall be used for flushing/irrigation purpose.

• Solar water heater system shall be proposed for hot water requirement with electrical back-up.

-Sewage System A SEWAGE COLLECTION & DISPOSAL SYSTEM

B DRAINAGE SCHEME • The sewerage system shall be designed as two pipe system as per IS specifications.

• The waste generated from the wash basins, sinks, showers and floor traps etc., shall be drained through a separate vertical pipe called as waste stack and sewage generated from water closet and urinal shall be drained through a separate vertical pipe called as Soil stack.

• The waste stack, soil stack shall be extended minimum 900mm above the terrace level as waste and soil vent through roof and wherever the shaft cannot be extended above terrace for venting, air admittance value with necessary accessories shall be proposed.

• Waste vertical pipes dropped down through the shafts and connected to Gully trap, network of inspection chamber and manhole and connected to the Grey Treatment Plant.

• Soil vertical pipes dropped down through the shafts and connected to network of inspection chamber and manhole and connected to the Sewage Treatment Plant.

• Sewage lifting station shall be proposed wherever rocks will come and depth of pipe increase more than 2.0m in the Gravity foul sewage manhole network.

• All Kitchen waste stacks shall be connected to a grease trap before connecting to the sewage network.

• Water seal traps i.e. of 60mm water seal shall be provided for floor drains and for kitchens.

• Self-cleansing velocity shall be determined by considering the particle size and specific weight of suspended solids in sewers. Velocity of 0.75 m/ sec to 2.4 m/sec at design peak flow is considered.

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C GREY/BLACK WATER TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY/SYSTEM PRO-

D

SEWAGE / BLACK WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• ADVANCED SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR TECHNOLOGY: TREATMENT PROCESS In this method, the processes of BOD removal, nitrification/de-nitrification, phosphorus removal and sludge separation are achieved continuously in a single sequential batch reactors (SBR) tank. The process operates on the continuous inflow and batch outflow principle. The phases of aeration, settling, decantation occur sequentially and are controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).

The tank is divided into pre-aeration and main aeration tanks by a baffle wall with openings at the bottom. The sewage flows continuously into the pre-aeration tank, which acts as a biological selector enhancing the growth of the most desirable organisms while limiting the growth of filamentous bacteria. Sewage from pre-aeration tank flows through openings at the bottom of the baffle wall and into the main aeration tank where BOD removal and nitrification occur.

After aeration phase, sludge separation occurs in the settling phase. After settling, the clear water from top is removed through a PLC operated decanter. De-nitrification occurs during anoxic periods of settling and decant phases. The excess sludge is wasted during decant phase.

The SBR treated water is disinfected using Sodium Hypochlorite and filtered through a Pressure Sand Filter and activated carbon filter.

The final treated water will be stored for recycling for toilet flushing purpose. The waste sludge is used as manure after dewatering.

E GREY WATER TREATMENT PLANT • ROOT ZONE WASTE WATER TECHNOLOGY: Root Zone is a scientific term used to cover all the biological activity among different types of microbes, the roots of plants, water soil and the sun. It consists planted filter-beds containing gravel, sand and soil. The RZWT system utilizes nature’s way of biologically processing domestic & industrial effluents. This effective technology called Decentralized WasteWater Systems (DEWATS) was developed in 1970s in Germany and has been successfully implemented in different countries.

The root zone waste water treatment system makes use of biological and physical-treatment processes to remove pollutants from waste water. Due to its natural process, there is no need to add any input such as chemicals, mechanical pumps or external energy. This reduces both the maintenance and energy costs.

To accomplish this, the root zone waste water treatment undertakes the following steps: 1. Pre-treatment done in a Settler – a device that separates the liquid from the solid.

2. First treatment takes place in an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor – a device with several identical chambers through which the effluent moves from top to bottom.

3. Second treatment happens in an Anaerobic Filter – a device filled with a filter material (cinder), through which the effluent moves from top to bottom.

4. Third treatment takes place in a Planted Gravel Filter – a structure filled with gravel material and planted with water-resistant reed plants, which provide oxygen to the passing effluent.

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Main DEWATS modules for physical and biological wastewater treatment 1. Settler 2. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 3. Anaerobic Filter 4. Planted Gravel Filter.

The Root Zone Waste Water Treatment system takes into account the natural slope of the ground, so that water flows from one device to another without any external energy input such as motor pump. Once the reed plants create an established stand, usually after the first growing season, the reed bed requires little or no maintenance. The plant foliage will soon blend naturally into the landscape, ever changing with the seasons and creating a pleasing sight as well.

- Rainwater Drainage System Due to ample rainfall in the site area, Rainwater reservoir shall be deployed in the harvesting and subsequent filtering of rainwater for human consumption.

• The Rain Water from the Terrace is collected through a network of piping and chamber and connected to Stream • Terrace rain water will pass through the filter to flush out floating material of first rain & water treatment plant and then stored in treated water tank for domestic usage.

• Road, parking area rainwater/surface drain shall be collected and filtered through bios wales and shall be collected in water bodies/stream and finally stored in Pond reservoir. Pond reservoir water shall be used for landscape purpose.

• The Surface runoff Water from the Landscape area is collected through a series of Catch Basins and drain out to the stream after recharging through the recharge pits.

• Silt Chambers shall be considered and provided to prevent the entry of silt and waste materials into the Storm Water Drainage System.

A

RAIN WATER HARVESTING PITS

B

BIOS WALE

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RAIN WATER COLLECTION CALCULATION Based on the Rainfall data of Kerala for last 10 ten years from 2004 to 2014, rainfall generation is calculated for the project.

All rainfall from the site area will be collected in the pond reservoir and reused for landscape and domestic purpose in non-sunny days.

PROCESS CHART

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-SUSTAINABLE DESIGN APPROACH: The design will adopt 3 “R” approach for plumbing .i.e. Reduce, Recycle.

Reuse.

• REDUCE: Water efficient fixtures to reduce fresh water consumption.

Aerator will be provided for this purpose.

• • • •

Water less urinal and dual flush water closet shall be proposed RECYCLE: Waste water treatment and reuse for flushing and landscape REUSE: Rainwater harvesting, storage and Reuse after treatment Site will be designed as Zero discharge.

COMMON BULK SERVICES (FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM) A BUILDING CLASSIFICATION As per NBC 2016, the building shall be classified in accordance with occupancy elements as given below:

B TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENT • The fire water overhead tank capacity shall be provided as indicated in the following tables.

• Assuming all building less than 24 m height.

C Fire Hydrant and Wet Riser System A design criterion for Internal Fire Hydrants and Hose Reel system shall be based on IS 3844:1989 and External Hydrants shall be based on IS 13039:1991.One Wet Riser shall be provided for every 1000m2 of the protected floor area.

D Pumps As per the building requirement, Terrace level booster pump set of 900 LPM @ 3.5 kg/cm2 shall be required for each building

E Automatic Sprinkler System Wet automatic sprinkler system shall be provided wherever the basement area will be more than 200 m2 and building spaces as per NBC 2016 requirements.

F Yard Hydrant System The yard hydrant shall be located at various places around the building.

The water supply for yard hydrant will be tapped off from wet riser system headers. Each single headed yard hydrant will be provided with hoses, nozzles, and accessories.

G Portable First-Aid Fire Extinguishers Design criteria pertain to selection and location of Fire Extinguishers for the building. This shall be based on IS 2190:1992.

H Codes and Standards.

National Building Code – 2016 Indian Standards-IS NFPA Kerala Fire and Rescue services department guidelines

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08 Structural System

Foundation Systems and Design The site for the proposal is mainly comprised of rocky terrain. Foundations shall, therefore, be open foundations founded on rock. The foundation system for areas where rock is not met could be open foundation on hard soil or pile foundations depending on the nature of soil strata below. The guidelines of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) will also be considered.

Superstructure The superstructure will be designed as Beam-Column framed structure with adequate shear walls. Temperature, creep and shrinkage stresses will be taken care of in structural analysis alongside seismic and winds loads as prescribed by NBC. The project falls in Zone 3 for earthquake resistant design. All structural designs will conform to the latest revision of the IS code regarding earthquake resistance. As per the new EQ code, Flat slab and column systems are not considered as lateral force resistant systems and where flat slabs are adopted, lateral forces are to be resisted only by shear walls to be incorporated in the floor plans. The buildings being mostly 4 to 6 stories tall, it is proposed to adopt beam-column system with an importance factor for earthquake resistance as 1.5. The earthquake has also specified limits on torsional eccentricities of framing systems with respect to the floor configurations which will be checked in the analysis and designed such that eccentricities are kept within specified limits.

The floor slab is planned to be a waffle slab system with ribs at 1M c/c with thin slabs of 100 to 115mm thick (max.). Depth of the ribs below the slabs could range between 300 to 400 mm.

Loadings (In general) Generally live loads on floors shall be 4 kN/sqm in all buildings including minor partition walls. For Library, live load shall be 6kN/sqm. For Residential buildings, live load of 3 kN/sqm shall be considered.

Wind load calculation is determined as per IS: 875 Part 3. Basic wind speed as per IS: 875 for Palakkad is 39m/sec. Analysis and design of structure shall be made as per this.

Temperature, creep and shrinkage stresses as prescribed by Indian standard codes relevant to the project location and materials used shall be incorporated in the structural design.

Analysis and design shall be made on the basis of load combinations recommended in IS: 456, IS: 875 and IS: 1893, viz: Indian standard codes for concrete design, loading standards and earthquake.

materials Concrete – Structural and Non Structural.

Concrete grade: M25 to M30 and steel grade is Fe 500 conforming to IS:1786.

Structural Concrete: For columns, beams, slabs, staircases, RC walls and footings M25 to M30 grade concrete is used.

Reinforcement: High yield strength deformed bars with a Characteristic strength of 500N/mm2 conforming to IS: 1786

Library - Framing Plan

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09 budgetary estimate

ROUGH ESTIMATED COST Academic Zone: Rs: 425 Crores.

The rough estimated cost worked out is purely on assumption of various elements such as type of foundation; extend of air-conditioning for various facilities and the type & amount of interior decoration required in all facilities. The estimated cost includes for civil works, all types of MEP works such as Air-conditioning (VRF with ducting), Electrical, ELV, Fire fighting, Water supply and drainage and nominal Interior decoration. The built-up area considered is 115130 m2 for the academic zone.

Bulk development & Bulk services: Rs: 255 Crores.

It is very rough estimate. Detailed designing is essentially required to arrive a figure somewhere near to the probable estimate. The cost includes provision for Roads, Bridges, Culverts, Underpasses, Cycle tracks, Footpaths, Car parking, Covered walkway, landscaping, External drainage, External Water supply & Sewerage net works, Rainwater harvesting system, Water treatment plants, Sewage treatment plants, Grey & foul water recycling system, Solid waste management system, Overhead & ground water tanks, Solar energy system, Wind energy system, Service ducts, External electrical installations, Street lighting, External ELV, Observation tower, Control rooms etc.

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10 griha norms

Sub-sections

Overall Weights Maximum Sub-Section (A) Score (B)

Weighted Score (C) =(A) X (B)

Our attempt

Self-Sufficiency Appraisals Energy Water Organic solid waste treatment

0.18 0.23 0.12

100 100 100

18 23 12

17 23 12

0.08 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.06

100 100 100 100 100 100

8 9 12 6 6 6

8 9 12 6 6 3

100

96.3

Development Quality Site Planning Energy Water Solid Waste Management Transport Social Total Score

1

Total Score

GRIHA LD Rating

Above 85

1 star 2 star 3 star 4 star 5 star

Points

Criteria

Attempts

Site Planning

1

a Storm water management

30 points

30 points

b Maintain existing site features Manage construction activities in a manner to reduce c environmental damage

30 points

30 points

20 points

20 points

d New plantation on site

20 points

20 points

30 points 40 points 30 points

30 points 40 points 30 points

20 points 20 points 15 points

20 points 20 points 15 points

45 points

45 points

35 points 30 points 35 points

35 points 30 points 35 points

30 points 20 points 20 points 15 points 15 points

30 points 20 points 20 points 15 points 15 points

55 points 25 points 20 points

55 points 0 points 0 points

Energy 2

a Smart Mini Grids b Passive urban design c Operation and Maintenance Water & Waste water

3

4

5

STP/waste water treatment facility should meet the CPCB a norms b Rainwater falling on site c All fixtures on site d Remote monitoring, Operation and Maintenance Solid Waste Management a Segregation and storage of waste on site b Construction and demolition waste management c Use of sustainable construction materials Transport Provision of footpaths and bicycling tracks and for safe a interaction of NMT traffic with motorized traffic b Road network planning c Parking for cars and two wheelers d Collective transport services e Electric charging infrastructure for vehicles Social

6

a Social infrastructure in development b Planning for low-income group population c Food production on site

With a successful implementation of the above outline, the IIT, Palakkad campus would achieve the highest five star rating.

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11 construction management

SUGGESTION FOR PHASING, PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION:Phased Construction Very Large projects are allowed to be broken into smaller pieces to assist design and construction needs. Breaking down a project into small logical construction/permit phases allows construction while finalizing the design requirements.

Phasing, Planning and Construction is basically the part of Project management consultant especially when the IIT Authority seriously consider functioning in permanent campus within the period of 3 years, the priority sectors will be exclusively decided by them. However our general suggestion in this regard based on the parameters given in the RFP documents is hereunder.

Estimated Time of Completion 7 Years - Completion period for Project for whole campus under Phase- I out of which: • 5 Years for Academic Zone and Bulk Development & Bulk Services & • 2 Years for Residential Zone

Phasing & Planning Master plan usually includes developed design for the entire project.

We’ve developed master plan while helping our clients choose which portions of the work to do first. Once the Master Plan is finalized and freezed, the overall planning for the whole campus under Phase -1 is developed stretching through a period of 7 years including the work of Residential Zone.

Construction Phasing Plan under Phase -1 Phase – A: Bulk Development & Services for whole campus Phase – B: Common class rooms, Lab & knowledge centre, Engineering departments (4 nos.), Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Mathematics & Social science Phase – C: Workshops, Auditorium & Conference room and Research laboratory Phase – D: Engineering departments (balance 3 nos.)

NOTE ON CONSTRUCTION • Make use of pre-designated front area of Academic Block for the Contractor’s temporary offices, stores, fabrication yards etc.

• Labor camps shall not be permitted in the campus.

• Existing sources of water can be used for the construction after necessary test.

• Top soil coming out from the excavation shall be stacked for reuse.

• Adequate drinking water, toilet facilities, rest places for the workers shall be permitted and accommodated in the aforesaid area.

• Trees coming on the way of construction shall be protected / transplanted.

• Construction wastage management to be implemented properly.

• Safety measures to be taken during the course of construction.

• Make sure child labors are banned from site.

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12 Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Introduction Whereas Society and Technology are developing rapidly, the physical environment of our planet is deteriorating. Buildings cannot escape their responsibility in contributing towards this environmental deterioration.

This industry contributes to air pollution and is the major user of the world’s non-renewable energy source and minerals. The pursuit of sustainability has become a mainstream building design objective.

BIM is a new and innovative technology, which has emerged in recent years and makes possible the efficient achievement of more sustainable designs. The BIM can be defined in three dimensions: 1. The Building Information Model (a product) is a structured dataset describing a building.

2. The Building Information Model (a process) is the act of creating a Building Information Model.

3. The Building Information Model (a system) comprises the business work and communication structure that increases quality and efficiency.

BIM consists of information representing the entire building and the complete set of design document stored in an integrated database. All the information is parametric and thereby interconnected. Any changes to an object within the model automatically affect the related assemblies and constructions, because the model contains the necessary relational information. This is quite unlike 2D building representation of conventional CAD-based drawings.

For this reasons, BIM has already begun changing how designers collaborate with consultants and builders, and it also has the capability to guide the industry towards the production of buildings meeting sustainable development goals.

The building industry traditional design and documentation process is a cyclical process, with continues design information transfer between the Architect, Consultants and Contractors. Each project stakeholders makes adjustments to his part of the project and there are many opportunities for miscommunication and in fact much of the information is redundantly reproduced

In BIM based method, much of the redundant efforts can be eliminated leading to improved communication. The BIM methodology seeks to adapt to the availability of several layers of information’s, allowing new method of data exchange and communication amongst all the stakeholders.

Integrated project delivery with BIM can reduce the risks and duration of the project, which subsequently reduces costs and improves project quality and lifecycle performance.

Definition BIM is an intelligent 3D model-based process that gives architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.

BIM is the process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle. Typically it uses three dimensional, real-time, dynamic building modeling software to increase productivity in building design and construction. The process produces the building information model, which encompasses building geometry, spatial relationship, geographic information, quantities and properties of building components.

BIM USES • • • • • • • • • •

Design Authoring Site Utilization Planning Existing Conditions Modeling LEED Evaluation Energy Analysis Structural Analysis Cost Estimation & 4D Modeling 3D Coordination Daylight integration/ Lighting analysis Design Reviews REPORT ON IIT, PALAKKAD CAMPUS DESIGN

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BIM EXECUTION PLAN A BIM Execution Plan helps the Employer and project members to document the agreed BIM specifications, Level of Detail (LOD) and processes for the BIM project. The Principal Agreement shall make reference to the BIM Execution Plan to define the roles and responsibilities of the project members for their BIM deliverables.

By developing a BIM Execution Plan, the Employer and project members can: • Clearly understand the strategic goals for implementing BIM on the project • Understand their roles and responsibilities for Model creation, maintenance and collaboration at different stages of the project • Design a suitable process to participate in the implementation • Define the content, level of detail and by when the Model is to be delivered to meet which objective • Outline additional resources • Provide a baseline plan to measure progress throughout the project • Identify additional services needed in the contract The content of a BIM Execution Plan includes the following: • Project information • BIM goal & uses • Each project member’s roles, staffing and competency • BIM process and strategy • BIM exchange protocol and submittal format • BIM data requirement • Collaboration procedures and method to handle shared Models • Quality control • Technology infrastructure & software

BENEFITS OF BIM • • • • • • • • •

Improved coordination Improved space management It reduces conflicts and changes during construction Visual access to building information Improvement in review and approval cycles Easy building maintenance Increased accuracy Presentation Client satisfaction

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT The following, LOD descriptions identify the specific content requirements and associated authorized uses for each Model Element at each phase.

The LOD for each phase provides guidance for each progressively detailed level of completeness. Each subsequent LOD builds on the previous level and includes all the characteristics of previous levels. These LOD’s described will be used to establish the required LOD for each Model Element at each phase of the Project.

LOD 100 – Conceptual The Model Element may be graphically represented in the Model with a symbol or other generic representation, but does not satisfy the requirements for LOD 200. Information related to the Model Element (i.e. cost per square foot, tonnage of HVAC, etc.) can be derived from other Model Elements.

LOD 200 – Generic Placeholders The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a generic system, object, or assembly with approximate quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.

LOD 300 – Specific Assemblies The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.

LOD 350 – Hybrid of Specific & Detailed Assemblies The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of size, shape, location, orientation and interfaces with other building systems. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.

LOD 400 – Detailed Assemblies The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation with detailing, fabrication assembly, and installation information. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.

LOD 500 – As-Built The Model Element is a field-verified representation in terms of size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Elements.

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Bibliography

Books

• Curtis, W. J. (1988). Balkrishna Doshi. New Jersey: Grantha Corporation.

• Frampton, K. (1996). Charles Correa. Bombay: The Perennial Press.

• Jain, K. (2002). Thematic Space in Indian Architecture. Ahmedabad: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

India Research Press.

Jain, K. (2012). Architecture Conceptual to the Manifest. Ahmedabad: Aadi Centre.

Jain, K. (2017). Conserving Architecture. Ahmedabad: Aadi Centre.

Kanvinde, Tanuja & Sanjay. (2017). Achyut Kanvinde. New Delhi: Niyogi Books.

Latour, A. (1991). Louis I. Kahn. New York: Rizzoli International Publication, Inc. Marsh, W. M. (1983). Landscape Planning Environmental Applications.

Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons,Inc. Mcharg, I. L. (1992). Design With Nature. Canada: John Wiley & Sons,Inc. O.Robinette, G. (1984). Water Conservation in Landscape Design & Management. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Ltd. Puthussery Grama Panchayat, 13th five year plan, Development report 2017-2022.

Pandya, Y. (2005). Concepts of Space in Traditional Indian Architecture.

Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Pandya, Y. (2007). Elements Of Spacemaking. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Pillai, J. S. (2014). CDS: Masterpiece of a Master Architect. Trissur: Costford.

Richard T.T Forman, M. G. (1986). Landscape Ecology. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Robson, D. (2002). Geoffrey Bawa: The Complete Works. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. Steele, J. (1998). The Complete Architecture of Balkrishna Doshi.

Mumbai: Super Book House.

White, S. (1998). Building in The Garden. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Unpublished Thesis

• Ajay.K, Jacob. (2014). The Unfolding Creative Order: A study of Padmanabhapuram palace, CEPT University, Ahmedabad.

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Project Team

Principal Architect N. M. Salim Associate Architect Ajay K. Jacob Urban Design Consultant John B. John Senior Architect Samith Purackandy Project Manager Shanmugham C. Landscape Architect Rahul K.S. Junior Architects Ajab Haseena Ajmal K. Anusree Punathil Ashfaq Ahmed Fazil Artist Akhil V.K. MEP & Structural Consultant QDC India Consulting (P) LTD, Bangalore Interns Abhaya T.S. Amrutha Prakash Anagha S. Farishma Firose Fulayil Arthaf K.H. Shifa Mustafa REPORT ON IIT, PALAKKAD CAMPUS DESIGN

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