Graduate Research & Design Work

A D AM S C H I F F M ACHER

A R CH I T ECT UR A L D ES I G N W OR K 2013 - 2015

ADAM SC H I FFM ACH E R

schiffmacher9@gmail.com

ACADEMIC WORK GRADUATE WORK FROM M.ARCH SUNY AT BUFFALO FOCUS ON ECOLOGICAL PRACTICES

OLFACTORY PROFESSOR JOYCE HWANG, FALL 2013

SOUND CENTRAL PROFESSOR HIRO HATA, JANUARY 2014

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES: KACHELN PROFESSOR STEPHANIE DAVIDSON, SPRING 2014

P.O.O.C.H. MARCH 2014

URBAN ECOLOGY: HURON-ERIE TRANSECT PROFESSOR SEAN BURKHOLDER, SPRING 2014

THE GREATER OUTER HARBOR PROFESSOR SEAN BURKHOLDER, SPRING 2014

EN MEMORIAM: MEMORIAL DESIGN IN THE AGE OF TERROR PROFESSOR HADAS STEINER, CHAIR PROFESSOR SEAN BURKHOLDER, COMMITTEE MEMBER THESIS,FALL 2014-FALL 2015

1 19 27 37 39 41 52

OL [FA C T O RY ]

1

PROFESSOR JOYCE HWANG, ZOOLOGICAL CITIES STUDIO, FALL 2013

OL[FACTORY] is a project that explores the spatial relationships between Humans and Canines through architectural constructs.

A

The project researches a basic history of human and canine relationship and hypothesizes how architecture could expand the perception of human beings

MOSCOW, RUSSIA CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS & HOMO SAPIAN

to realize a stronger relationship with a canine.

It focuses on accomplishing this through creating architecture that elevates the sense of olfaction (smell) in human beings through changing densities of space, effecting the exposure to programs that

create high levels of olfaction. This design is meant to bring the understanding of a dog’s Umwelt, or environment & world model, closer to that of a humans, fostering a stronger relationship through architectural design.

PRECEDENT COLLABORATION WITH: Madelyn McClellan Adbul Samet Engin

CO-HABITATION STUDY

CULTURAL EXCHANGES & RELATIONSHIPS + Dogs have been selectively bred for Guarding, Working, and War (utilized in WWII transporting materials, attacking enemies, carrying medical equipment).

Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Shares its most recent ancestor with modern domesticated dog.

Also has similar methods of communication and the same amount of chromosomes (39) as modern ancestor of dog

Stray dogs have integrated and adapted with Human infrastructure (Moscow Subway system, etc.) to survive. + They have a geo-spacial concept of time and location where to find food.

Stray dogs have attacked over 20,000 people with 8,000 serious requiring hospitalization in past years.

Sochi, Russia intends on killing more than 2,000 dogs in preparation for Olympics. + Stray dogs have been incorporated into art shows, installations and sculptures. + 2001 marked the passage of an anti-shooting bill, making it illegal to shoot a wild animal.

Interbreeding Natural selection / breeding occured without human contact to adapt and co-habitate in new environments. Exploitation of new and consistent waste sites (Villages) led to human interaction, intentional breeding starts 5,000 years ago

MOSCOW, RUSSIA N

KEY FOUNTAIN LOCATIONS LANDMARKS/TOURISM MOSCOW METRO WATER BODY

Evolution “Village Dogs” emerge, become less pack oriented and more human friendly, breeding for certain abilities becomes prevalent.

Extreme alteration of form and function by intensive breeding occurs over the last 150-200 years.

Domestication Animals become tamed, decrease in fear of humans in individual animals.

Domestication process affects an entire species over generations.

Exposure to human caretaker during youth (3-12 weeks) weakens instincts but enhances communication & understanding capabilities.

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MOSCOW, RUSSIA CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS & HOMO SAPIAN

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

CO-HABITATION STUDY

BEGGARS METRO DOGS

WILD DOGS

SCAVENGERS

•Live in packs (5-10) •Cohabitate with humans, not socialized •Predator: Hunts small animals •Nocturnal •Territorial, most incidents of human attacks

•Live in small packs (3-6) •Cohabitate with humans, partially socialized •Gathers sustinance from discarded food and trash •Some Nocturnal •Not territorial, few incidents of human attacks

15%

30%

•Live in very small packs (1-5) •Cohabitate with humans, socialized •Uses psychological tactics and strategies to gather food directly from humans •Diurnal •Not territorial, no human attacks

SEMI-TAME DOGS •Do not live in packs •Single area of residence, often fenced-in institution •Obtains food from one human •Diurnal •Not territorial, no human attacks

85%

60%

DOMESTIC

DOMESTIC

DOMESTIC

DOMESTIC

FOREST/CITY BORDER

SUBURBAN AREA

CITY

CENTER

A

B

TYPES OF HABITATION

SIMPLE CARDBOARD SHELTER

FOOD

D

C

COMPLEX CARDBOARD SHELTER

FOOD

WOOD SHELTER

FOOD

3

OLFACTION SCALE RESEARCH: CANINE

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

SOLO PROJECT BY ADAM SCHIFFMACHER

220 MILLION-2 BILLION OLFACTORY NEURONS OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM-18-150CM

5 MILLION OLFACTORY NEURONS OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM 3-4CM

2

220 MILLION / 5 MILLION=

44

CANINE ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTION-OLFACTORY LOWER CHEMORECEPTOR DOG

URBAN AREA MARKING POINTS

HIGH CHEMORECEPTOR DOG

HYDRATION POINTS

VEGETATION / MARKING POINTS

OLFACTORY SCALE SHARED SPACE DIAGRAM SHARED SPACE

DOG SCENT BOUNDARY

CANINE SPACE

HUMAN SPACE

SECTION

PLAN

HUMAN SCENT BOUNDARY

4

OLFACTION MOVEMENT RESEARCH: CANINE

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL HUMAN TRIAL: OLFACTION

WIND ROSE PLOT

S tation #14733 - B UF F AL O/G R E AT E R B UF F AL O INT 'L , NY

NORTH

CONCRETE

12%

55

50

10

50

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

90%

15 FREQUENCY(%)

100%

EAST

40

20

45

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

DISPLAY

UNIT

> 11.06 8.49 - 11.06 5.40 - 8.49 3.34 - 5.40

W ind S peed

m/s

AVG. WIND SPEED

CALM WINDS

4.33 m/s

2.36%

25

55

25

5

45

COMMENTS

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

40

1.80 - 3.34

ORIENTATION

PLOT YEAR-DATE-TIME

0.51 - 1.80

Direc tion (blowing from)

1961 S ep 1 - S ep 30 Midnight - 11 P M

90%

35

15 FREQUENCY(%)

20

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

90%

40

15 FREQUENCY(%)

100%

20

55

5

45

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

5

100%

40

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

50

100%

100%

40

20

DURATION(MIN.)

5

10

45

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

40

20

55

10

45 10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

25 30

DECAY

5

50

10

45

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

35

DURATION(MIN.)

60

55

50

10

25 30

60

60

50

100%

100%

MOISTURE/MILDEW

RUBBER

55

10

10

45

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

20

DURATION(MIN.)

30

DURATION(MIN.)

30

60

50

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

40

COMPANY NAME

11/1/2002

Wind Speed (m/s)

20

GRASS

60

EXTREME

5

50

20

35

DURATION(MIN.)

55

10

45

100%

100%

40

GLASS

HIGH SOUTH

DATE

25 30

5

50

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

15 FREQUENCY(%)

90%

35 35

MEDIUM

MODELER

10

40

LOW

60

55

10

6%

WEST

5

5

45 45

LEAVES

60

55

60 5

50

9%

3%

WOOD

60

CHARACTER INTENSITY

15%

EXHAUST

FECES

60 55

20

10% 30% 50% 60% 70% 80%

40

90%

15 FREQUENCY(%)

100%

20

PROJECT/PLOT NO.

35

W R P LOT V iew 3.5 by Lakes E nvironmental S oftware - www.lakes -environmental.com

25 30

WIND ROSE- SHOWS DIRECTION, INTENSITY, AND SPEED OF WIND DURING A SPECIFIC TIME.

DURATION(MIN.)

35

25

35

35

DURATION(MIN.)

30

25

25

DURATION(MIN.)

30

SMELL ROSE V.1 - SHOWS

DURATION PASSED, INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY OF SMELL IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT VIA AGGRESSIVE HUMAN AWARENESS. ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND CANINE PERCEPTION OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT.

35

DURATION(MIN.)

30

6

STREN GTH

5

NE

4

DURATION(MIN.)

DOG POSITION (RELATIVE TO HUMAN)

N NW

25 30

3

HUMAN POSITION (CENTER)

2 1

W

E

SW

SE

TRIALS WITH CANINE

S

CHARACTER

V.2.1: URBAN RESIDENTIAL

V.2.2: URBAN DOWNTOWN

DISTANCE: 1.5 MILES DURATION: 40 MINUTES # OF STOPS: 36 AREA: URBAN RESIDENTIAL WINDS: 12 MPH NNW

MINTY (adj): of or pertaining to a smell of mint; sharp, strong scent PUNGENT (adj): penetrating, biting or caustic scent; stronger scent PUTRID (adj): having the putrid odor of decaying organic matter. ill- smelling, malodorous

N 6

STREN GTH

5

SMELL ROSE V.2 - COLORED DOT REPRESENTS TYPE OF SMELL OBSERVED AT THAT PARTICULAR POINT BY HUMAN OF DOG MARKING. COMBINATION OF POINTS SEEK TO DEFINE A SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANINE AND HUMAN BEING.

NE

4 3 2 1

W

E

X SE

SW

SE

S

OVERLAYED DIAGRAM CONNECTS CANINE AND HUMAN SPACE THROUGH SHARED SENSE OF SMELL.

S

V.3.1

V.3.2

DOMINANT MATERIAL: TREE DOMINANT SIDE: RIGHT GRASS: 45 TIMES TREE: 24 TIMES OTHER: 9 TIMES

V.3.1: URBAN PARK

V.3.2: URBAN RESIDENTIAL 6

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AVERAGE GRASS: 7.18 ft

AVERAGE TREE: 9.047 ft

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NE 3

4

2

1

W

W

SE SE

S

G TH

N

4

SE SE S S

ST REN

5

LEXINGTON AVENUE 4

3

E

E

SW SESW

SW

S NE NE NE

E ST REN

5

3

W

SW SW

SW

6

ST REN

45

W W

SW SE

G TH

11

6

SW NW SW SW

E

S

6

N 56 NW NENW

NW

2

N N

N

G TH

NW

3

E

ST REN

66 SSTTRREEN G N GT TH 4 H 55 3 44 2 33 1 22

N NW

E E E

4

W EW

SE

SW

N S 6 NN5

W

NE

NE

1

SW

ST REN

5

1

W

S

W W

S

SE

1

2

1

6

NE NE

1

2

NW NW NW

1

2

N

G TH

NW

GT H

2

3

SW SW

E SE

SE

S

3

4

E SE

TH

ST REN

4 S T RE N

5

W

E W

NE

3

TH

SW NE NE

6

NW

SE

SE S

5

N

NW

NE

1

2

NE

STREN G

4 3

N

TH

2

TH

3

S

2

NE

NE N

2

TH

3

5

STREN G

NE

3

STREN G

SE

4

SW

E

3

STREN G

5

N 6

5

E

5

S

S

NE S

NE

S

TH

3

N

W4 SW

NW

6

4

1

SW

1

4

SW SW

W

NW

W

N TH

NE

2

6

S

SE

1

S STREN G

STREN G

3

SE SW NW

S

2

1

N 6

E NE SE NE

5

3

SE

SE E S

STR GTH 6 ESNTR EN G TH

4

E

NE

S

N

5

S

TH

SW

1

6

W

1

NE STREN G

1

2

N

NE

2

2

4

3

SW

NW SW NW

6 5

E W

N

E

TH

3

STREN SW GTH 1

6

W

W NW

W

STREN G

5 4 NE

N

NW4

3 2

SE

SE

1

TH

3

TH

4

1

SW S

S

2

STREN G

4

STREN G

5

E

W

E S

SE

SW NE

3

6

6 5 NW

6

NE NW

NE

W

N

N

W NW

N TH

NW NE

1

1

E

SW E

SW

SW E

4

TH

3

1

E SW

SW

6

STREN G5TH

5

STREN G 4

2

S

4

4

STREN G

3

1

5

N 6

STREN G

4

1

SW

E

1

NE

3

W

E

EE

SWSW

SW

2

TH

W

4

2

E

NE 22

SW

STREN G

5

W W

NENE

NE

4

11

3 2

5

STSRTR EN EN GG THTH

E E E E

6

33

NE

4

44

W

SE SE SE S S S

5

NW NW

N

TREN6G STRE ENSG N GT STREN TH TH H GTH 5 5

SW

W

N N

N

4

E

S

TH

4

5

SW

SW E

1

STREN G

5

6

E

SWSW SW

NE

SW

6

3

W

3

3

W

N NW

W1 W W

W NE

4

STREN G

1

2

STREN G

5

N 6

W

4

2

3

N NW

NW

55

N GT H STREN GTH 5

TH

4

NN N W N NW NW 6 STRE

STREN G

5

NW NW 3

5

E

TH

4 STREN GTH 3

S

TH

2

N

NW

STREN G

5

1

3

SW

S

2

E

STREN G

5

NW

NW

3 2 STREN GTH 1

3

N 6

NORTH BUFFALO

5

STREN 4 GTH

1

SW

W

N 6

N

S

6

NE NE

NE

1

NE NE

SE S

NESE

S

6

N 6

SW

SW3

NE SW

N

NW

TH

W

21

SE

N1

1

SW

NW

32

NE S ES

1

S

S NE NE

2

2

SW

W

WSW NW W

W

W

W

1

E

1

NE

S

TH

TH

1

NE

2

STREN 1 G

2

TH

2

TH

1

S

1

3

2

SW

W

NW

4

3

3

W

TH

W

1

3

4

SW 5

4

6

4

4

3

3

STREN 2 G

5

STREN 3GTH 6 STREN GTH 2

5

N1

STREN G 5

5

NE

2

SW 1

S4 TREN G 2 TH

5

6

N

6

6

5

6

N N

SW SW N

NE

STREN G

5

N

SW4

W

W

3

3

2

TH

NSW 6 4STR SW ENGTH

2

NW

W NW SW

NW

W

4

4

3

3

NW

W

NW

5

65 STRE NG

STREN 54 GTH 43

4

W

3 2 STREN GTH 2 1

4

REN G

1

NW W NW

NW W WST

4

W NW

W

5

5

NW

6

5

TH

4

TH 3

5 TRIALS

LE

N

N

STREN G

5STRE NG

6

NW STREN G

5

6

6

NW N 6NW N STRENGTH

N

NW N NW6 N N

W

RECORDED DURING EACH TERRITORY MARKING (DISTANCE, SIDE, MATERIAL) RECORDED DATA IS USED TO DETERMINE AVERAGE DISTANCE AND FREQUENCY FOR EACH MATERIAL / OBJECT MARKED IN ENVIRONMENT.

3 TRIALS

NW

W

SMELL ROSE V.3 - INFORMATION

DOMINANT MATERIAL: GRASS DOMINANT SIDE: RIGHT GRASS: 64 TIMES TREE: 36 TIMES OTHER: 16 TIMES

CIRC

SW

ATES

E

TO G

W

UE

1

E AV EN

2

WA R

NW

DELA

NE

3

WN

STREN GTH

WNTO

4

FLORAL (adj): of or having a smell of flowers; light, fresh, pollen scent

TO DO

5

MUSKY (adj): of or having a smell or taste of musk, or suggestive of musk; mildew, moist scent

A T L A N T I C AV E N U E

NW

CAMPHORACEOUS (adj): characterized by smelling of camphor; Rosemary and Jasmin smell, strong

DISTANCE: 1.25 MILES DURATION: 35 MINUTES # OF STOPS: 25 AREA: URBAN DOWNTOWN WINDS: 14 MPH NNW

N 6

ETHEREAL: (adj) characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; as impalpable or intangible as air

AVERAGE OTHER: 7.819 ft

5

OLFACTION SPATIAL PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL INTEGRATION: CANINE + HUMAN

SPATIAL MODEL 1 - THEORIZES SPATIAL AREAS THAT CHANNEL MOVEMENT THROUGH SPECIFIC CHAMBERS OF OLFACTION, SUGGESTIONING A PROCESSION THROUGH DIFFERENT SPACES INDICATIVE OF THE SCENT THAT PERMEATES THE SPATIAL BOUNDARIES.

OLFACTION CHAMBER KEY LOW

MEDIUM

HIGH

EXTREME

SECTION A-A

A

A

PLAN

AXONOMETRIC

SPATIAL MODEL 2 -

MODEL INVESTIGATES THE CREATION OF THESE DIFFERENT SPACES THROUGH WALKABLE UNDULATING SURFACE, ALLOWING CIRCULATION ON TOP WHILE PROVIDING POTENTIAL PROGRAM SPACE AND OLFACTION CHAMBERS BELOW. PARK SURFACE LAYER

PROGRAM LAYER

SPATIAL MODEL 3 -

MODEL BUILDS OFF OF UNDULATING CONCEPT AND THEORIZES VERTICAL SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS THAT PROVIDE DIFFERING CHAMBERS OF OLFACTION UTILIZING DIFFERING HEIGHTS OF THE UNDULATIONS TO CONTROL THE DENSITY AND INTENSITY OF THE SMELL.

EXTERIOR SCENT BREAK INTERIOR SCENT CHAMBER

OLFACTION INTENSITY LESS

MORE

KEY PEDESTRIAN LEVEL CANINE LEVEL HUMAN LEVEL

CITY ANALYSIS: DETROIT, MICHIGAN

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

6

Multiple exercises utilizing model, diagram and drawings investigated the difference in scale between human olfaction and canine olfaction.

The exercises strived to create a spatial denomination to the appropriate sense of olfaction to each species

CITY LIMITS

PARK SYSTEMS IN DETROIT COLOR CODED AND RANKED BY SIZE, STATUS, (DECOM, LIM. MAINT.), AREA, RECOMMENDATION, CLASS, FUTURE USE, AND CONDITION.

GROUNDCOVER

HOUSING & POPULATION

SHADED TO HIGHLIGHT AREAS OF GROWTH AND VEGETATION DARKER TO REVEAL IDEAL AREAS OF PREY AND SHELTER.

COLOR CODED AND RANKED BY VACANT HOUSING % & POPULATION. MERGED WITH PARK RANKING AND WATER SYSTEMS TO DEVELOP SUITABILITY.

SU IT A BILITY M A P

WATER

FACTOR RANK 0-4 5-8 9-12 13-16 17-20 21-24 25-28 29-33 34-38 39-45

LESS SUITABLE

MORE SUITABLE

FACTORS (0-5) TYPE OF GROUNDCOVER (0-4) PARK CONDITION (0-3) PARK RECOMMENDATION (-2-2) PARK CAPACITY (0-3) PARK SIZE

(0-5) DENSITY OF GROUNDCOVER (0-5) PARK CLASS (0-35) VACANT HOUSING UNITS (0-1) LIMITED MAINTENANCE (0-1) COMMISIONED/DECOMISSIONED

7

TERRITORY ANALYSIS: DETROIT, MICHIGAN JEFFERSON CHALMERS DISTRICT EAST DETROIT

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

N

KEY AREA OF INTEREST RESIDENTIAL EDUCATION

PUBLIC WATER LINE UNDEVELOPED

AREAS OF OPEN FIELD

COMMERCIAL

PARK AREAS IN TERRITORY

AREAS OF CAR CIRCULATION

SITE ANALYSIS: DETROIT, MICHIGAN

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

8

N

F OX CRE E K AND AL TE R R OA D T O MA RINER AND L AKEWO OD RIV ERF R ONT P ARKS

ENU E EAS T JEF FER SO N AV

W A L K W A Y BE G I N S ID E A O F W A L K W A Y E M E RG E S B E G I N N I N G I N P A R K O F F O F J E F F E RS O N A V E , S E E K IN G T O C H A N N E L E N E R G Y A N D T RA F F IC F RO M E A S T J E F F E R S O N A V E I N T O U N D E RU T IL IZ E D P A RK S A N D RIV E R F R O N T A R E A

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

W A L K W A Y W IN D S A L O N G A L T E R R O A D A N D F O X C R E E K , A L RE A D Y U T IL IZ E D B Y K A Y A K E R S F O R S P O R T A N D L I G H T B O A T IN G F OX C R E E K - H IS T O RIC A L L Y I N T E R W O V E N I N T O S UB U RB A N F A B R I C , D I V I D I N G L I N E B E T W E E N UP P E R A N D L O W E R C L A S S D URIN G 1 9 6 0 ’ S R A C I A L D I V I D E

LOCAL MOVEMENTS ALREADY IN PLACE: •RE - G RE E N IN G D E T RO IT , P L A N T IN GS S C H E D U L E D F O R W E E K L Y P L A N T IN G S D U RIN G T H E F A L L

55

T OTA L WA LKWA Y LE N G TH: 1. 3 M I LES 60

65

•URB A N F A RM IN G IN IT IA T IV E A L L O V E R D E T R O I T •F IRS T E V E R T RE E IN V E N T O RY T O B R I N G C A N O P Y B A C K U P T O 4 0 % ( F RO M 2 2 . 5 % ) •”M O W E R G A N G ” - G RO U P O F N E IG H B O R S T H A T T R A V E L A RO U N D A N D M O W L A W N S IN N E E D , M A I N L Y P A R K S

70

75

80

LAKEWOOD RIVERFRONT PARK: NEGLECTED, COMMISSIONED.

85

•OVERGROWN HIGH BRUSH, WEEPING WILLOW TREES, WHAT APPEARS TO BE SHAGBARK HICKORY, DILAPITATED FENCE AND DIRT ROADS EMBEDDED INTO TERRAIN TOWARDS RIVER.

90

RE S ID E N T IA L N E IG H B O RH O O D S U R R O U N D S E IT H E R S ID E O F A L T E R RO A D AN D F O X C R E E K .

D E N S IT Y D IF F E RE N C E S UG G E S T S E C O N O M I C A L P RO P E RT Y V A L U E D IF F E RE N C E - 3 Z O N E S A R E ID E N T IF IE D : L O W E R IN C O M E , H I G H E R I N C O M E , M A RIT IM E

95

•SMALL CABIN / OFFICE BUILDING TO THE WEST, GRAFFITI WITH WHAT APPEARS TO BE WOOD SIDING. 100

•PARK NEEDS EXTENSIVE CARE, LOCAL COMMENTARY ONLINE SUGGESTS A VERY POPULAR PARK WITH ROTATING PROGRAM DECADES AGO.

O N L Y 2 A RE A S T RA V E RS E F O X C R E E K , W A L K W A Y C RO S S E S : • 1 7 F I R E HY D R A N T S , • 6 6 U T I L I T Y P OL E S ( 2 T HA T C R O S S A L T E R R O A D ) • 5 I N T E R SE C T I ON S

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

LAKEWOOD RI V E RF RO N T

MARINER PARK: LIMITED MAINTENANCE, COMMISSIONED

140 145

•OPEN FIELD, SLIGHTLY BETTER LAWNCARE, APPEARS TO HAVE OAK, SHAGBARK HICKORY, POPLAR IN PARK

150

155

UNDEV. 160

165

MA R I N E R

•ADJACENT LOT IS FOR DEVELOPMENT, CAN BE CONNECTED WITH OTHER TWO PARKS TO MAKE ONE MANAGEABLE COHESIVE PARK STRUCTURE, WAS A TRAILER PARK PREVIOUSLY •CHARACTERISTICS OF NEGLECTED, LIMITED MAINTENANCE AND UNDERDEVELOPED HAS ABILITY TO TRACK DOGS

9

SITE PLAN

N

FOX CREEK AN D A L TE R R OA D T O MARINER AN D L A K E W OOD - R IV ERF RO NT P ARKS

SITE PLAN: DETROIT, MICHIGAN

A

30

35

25

20

15

10

PROG RAM A B C D E F G H I J

KAYAK RE N TA L / E N TR Y PARK ICE SURF A CE A R E A O UTDO OR PA R K SU R FA CE 1 O LFACTION Z ON E 1- R E STAURANT O UTDO OR PA R K SU R FA CE 2 O LFACTION Z ON E 2- CA FE O UTDO OR PA R K SU R FA CE 3 O LFACTION Z ON E 3- U R B A N GARDEN UNDULATIN G PA R K W A Y MARKET SPA CE

SEC TION A-A SCALE 1”=40’

A

1000’

OLFACTOR Y F A T I GUE: 3-6 M I NUTES AFTER EXP O S URE AVERAGE T I M E T O W A LK 1 0 00 FEET: 3-6 MI NUTES AT S TANDARD WALKING SPEED (3.3MPH)

40

45

10

50

55

60

65

70

75

1000’

1 000’

80

85

90

’

11

95

100

105

110

120

125

130

135

145

140

115

A

10 0 0 ’

12

150

A S E C TION

13

LAKEWOOD-RIVERFRONT SURFACING PROPOSAL G R A D I NG PL AN 6

6

1

1

6

6

1

N

1

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

1

6

6

1

1

6

6

1

1

6

6

1

1

6

6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

1

6 6

1

CL IM BER SL OP E (26 DE G RE ES) NORM AL SL OP E (22 DE G RE ES) EASY SL OP E (18 DEG REE S) DETAIL PLAN 1’ 3’

6’

6’

3’ 1’

PATTERN DENOTES SLOPE

G EOSYNTHETIC UTIL I Z ED: M I RA F I REI N F ORC ED SOI L EN GI N EERI N G

BY TEN C A TE NIC OL ON

SO F T ARMO R SYST EM - REC P or C EL L UL A R C ON F I N EM EN T SYST EM

6

3

7

2

3

5

8 4

1

1 2

FOUNDATION- STABLE SOIL OR BEDROCK BELOW INSTALLATION AREA SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE- GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE MEDIUM INSTALLED IN THE REINFORCED SOIL ZONE TO

CONTROL, COLLECT AND ROUTE GROUD WATER SEEPAGE. COLLECTION BASIN ALLOWS WATER TO INFILTRATE BACK INTO SOIL.

3 4 5 6 7

COMPACTED SOIL- REINFORCED SOIL IN BETWEEN HORIZONTAL GEOSYNTHETIC SUPPORT LAYERS, PER SPECS A CLAY-SILT MIX, TO BE DETERMINED WITH SITE SOIL ANALYSIS UNCOMPACTED SOIL- TO ALLOW WATER FILTRATION TO FLOW AND DRAIN THROUGH GRAVEL BELOW.

HYDROSEED- HYDROSEED COVER TO ENCOURAGE GROWTH AND PREVENT EROSION. SURFACE PROTECTION- EROSION RESISTANT COVERING OF THE FINISHED SLOPE SURFACE. PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT- GEOSYNTHETIC, GEOTEXTILE WITH SUFFICIENT STRENGTH AND SOIL COMPATIBILITY,

PLACED HORIZONTALLY WITHIN THE SLOPE TO PROVIDE TENSILE FORCES TO RESIST INSTABILITY. 8

SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT- GEOSYNTHETIC, EITHER GEOGRID OR GEOTEXTILE THAT IS USED TO LOCALLY STABILIZE THE SLOPE FACE AND AFTER SLOPE CONSTRUCTION. MODEL REPRESENTATION LOW-DENSITY FOAM

ALTER ROAD ELEVATED WALKWAY PROPOSAL

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

14

ENTRY

TRANSVERSE SECTIONS 1-30

1

6

11

16

21

26

D

RESTAURANT

CAFE

TRANSVERSE SECTIONS 55-95

TRANSVERSE SECTIONS 115-139

VARIABLE HEIGHT

CHANGES DENSITY OF OLFACTORY VOLUME, CREATES UNDULATING FORM

WALKWAY

HUMAN / DOG WALKWAY UNDULATES UP TO CREATE PROGRAM SPACE

OLFACTORY ABSORBERS

VARIOUS SUSPENDED WOOD INSTALLATION ABSORBS SCENT, THEN MULCHED AND USED FOR SMOKING MEAT, FOOD FOR CONSUMPTION IN RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT KITCHEN / CAFE

PROVIDE OLFACTION SOURCE TO UPPER WALKWAY ALLOWS ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PROGRAM THROUGH OLFACTION

DINING SPACE

EXISTING ALTER ROAD

FOX CREEK

EXISTING ALTER ROAD

FOX CREEK

15

OLFACTION FENESTRATION APPLICATION 1

APPLIED TO GLAZING (DIAGRAMS) Fenestration is first studied to increase overall sensory awareness through the means of applying a pattern to a different connecting tubular space, thus affecting the conditions of the environment inside and the experience through the space itself.

Each pattern applied to the glazing surface (in this case, polycarbonate clear tubing) hinders or helps the inhabitant become more aware of the primary sense effected. The loss of use of one sense inherently increases the power and accuracy of another sense, these diagrams aim to achieve a basic study of this principle.

OLFACTION •Pattern decreases optics & tactile •Smaller density space-greater air density

2

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

SECTION A-A

A

OPTICS •Pattern alternates with decrease / increase optics •Space density & size varies-greater view / scale

A

PL AN

TACTILE •Pattern is raised, decrease in optics / auditory •Space density & size are smaller to engage inhabitant

FENESTRATION THROUGH UNDULATION (DIAGRAMS) Fenestration is then viewed as a way to create indoor and outdoor spaces through continuous undulation. This method proves to create ample spaces to concentrate and refresh certain experiences of the senses through the constant exposure between fresh air and interior programs within the spaces themselves.

AXON .

AUDITORY •Pattern varies & silences / increases auditory engagement •Space density & size are larger in scale to increase reverberation

GUSTATION •Pattern is organic, applied to be edible •Space density / size are smaller for direct interaction

INTERIOR / EXTERIOR SPACES

The undulation, when in contact with the program layers, creates opening and opportunity for new types of fenestration to be formed.

VERTICAL UNDULATION

WALKABLE SURFACE LAYER

PROGRAM LAYERS

SENSORY INTENSITY PROGRAM LAYER

HORIZONTAL UNDULATION

LESS

MORE

OLFACTION FENESTRATION APPLICATION 3

PRECEDENT UMWELT SPATIAL TERRITORY PROPOSAL

FENESTRATION PATTERNS (PLAN)

The creation of spaces and the opportunity to alter the experiences within them from the last two studies are merged to suggest using patterned fenestrations in a surface to create differing experience possibilities which look to control the way in which one experiences a space through the fenestration of the architecture. As some of the patterns are replicated and continued down the line of the structure, they naturally overlap and create a transitionary moment from interior to exterior spaces. The overlapping of the patterns suggests that a space could be directly affected by two or more sensory modifiers (fenestration patterns) to create varying new experiences within the space below it. The concept of layering of different patterns horizontally and vertically creates unique opportunities for the inhabitants to experience a space that is able to change with the program needs.

4

FENESTRATION PATTERNS (ISO)

The fenestration patterns, when applied to the structure, modify it to create interior and exterior transitionary moments as well as slidable partitions with the fenestration patterns below that can be layered and moved depending on program needs. The flexibility of the spacing and location of the partitions create new opportunities of sensory experience, with each pattern enhancing or restricting a particular sense of the inhabitant. The partitions would be installed to hover over the existing structure through a track based system on either side of the structure itself and could be glazed or left open to allow airflow at different parts. The layering of the partitions would create enclosed, semi-enclosed and open spaces within the structure while allowing each pattern and space to have its own unique solar and wind properties.

SEMI-ENCLOSED

OPEN

ENCLOSED SPACE

16

17

ASHLAND ST. ENTRANCE

INTERIOR WALKWAY

INTERIOR/ EXTERIOR TRANSITION

G

B

I

EXTERIOR WALKWAY

G

18

URBAN GARDEN H

LAKEWOOD-RIVERFRONT RESURFACING

I

J

19 1 4 7333

SOUND CENTRAL

A DYNAMIC COMMUNITY FOR AN ACTIVE URBAN LIFESTYLE PROFESSOR HIRO HATA, WINTER INTERSESSION 2014 URBAN LAND INSTITUTE STUDENT COMPETITION TEAM SUBMISSION BY: ADAM SCHIFFMACHER

CHRIS SALMIN DREW ROGERS

CHRIS SNYDER VIVEK THANUMALAYAN

Design and Community Development Strategy: Sound Central is a dynamic community that’s made for an active urban lifestyle in the heart of Nashville, Tennessee. This momentum comes from Nashville being a major tourist hub with a bustling entertainment economy that is ranked third largest in the country behind only to New York City and Los Angeles (1). With the development of the Nashville Sounds Baseball stadium, Sulphur Dell becomes Sound Central thus acting as the stitching of the urban fabric between the historic Germantown to the north, and the vibrant, cosmopolitan downtown to the south.

Through modern design and planning, Sound Central will meet much of the current demand for downtown living in Nashville without sacrificing the nightlife experience.

Sound Central is an easily accessible area that enforces and supports Nashville’s bicycle culture. An expanded network of bike trails and on-street bike lanes provide a comprehensive bicycle loop directly connecting downtown with the 3 districts of Sound Central. Pedestrians are connected to major local attractions through the BRT extension and many of the living streets in the Sound Central area. The Loft Works building on the waterfront is a mixed use residential and retail space, preserving an iconic image of Sulphur Dell’s industrial heritage in a more modern, updated context.

Sound Central Tower is another celebration of Sulphur Dell’s industrial heritage. This preserved smoke stack, turned viewing deck and climbing structure, is visible throughout the entire district. With views overlooking the Music City Sound-way, Capitol Hill, and the Nashville City Skyline, this attraction offers a dynamic plaza space for outdoor art exhibitions and the future terminus of the Tour De Nash bicycle race. The Music City Sound-way provides another unique public space that offers mixed-use retail, office, and residential living directly adjacent to the corridor. This meandering pedestrian street is the main public space providing open areas for pop-up parks, entertainment series, and community activity space. The flexibility of the space allows for the maximum frequency of uses year-round. The Sound-way also acts as a flood basin in times of heavy rain or flood while an intensive network of bio-swales and added green roofs, walls, permeable pavement and catchment system provide suitable infiltration routes for runoff waters in an indirect, passive manner. Many of these green roof and catchment areas are to also be allocated for urban farming and healthy living spaces, complete with outdoor gyms and playgrounds for children.

The entire development of Sound Central is extremely sensitive to historic precedent throughout the area. Sulphur Dell itself had a rich heritage, re-investing in it through the re-location of the Nashville sounds brought a nostalgic nod to the beginning of baseball in Nashville. The Stockyard bar and Restaurant are particular assets to the area, as are the former Ironworks structures now re-purposed as The Loft Works, and the smoke stack, now Sound Central Tower. The former Geist and Sons Blacksmith shop, located on Jefferson Street, as well as the American Foursquare home adjacent to the property are re-purposed as commercial and boutique retail respectively.

Sound Central is a district sensitive to changes occurring in Nashville. Lack of rental housing and current gentrification to the Germantown neighborhood and North Capital district are major hurdles that this development can combat. The larger vision is for Sound Central to become a model for community development and achieve its broader goals of creating spaces that encourage and sustain the economic and personal well being of its inhabitants and the surrounding areas in Nashville •

Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce, 2009

Financial Strategy: Nashville’s strong real estate market provides a prime opportunity for the owners’ to capitalize on the resurgence taking place in North Nashville. The owners have acquired land for the Sound Central development with a financial pro forma, in depth building and site designs, programming and the necessary insurance and bonding that will insure sufficient financing. The redevelopment plan is structured into four phases with two-year increments for construction. A construction phase will be financed through a construction loan dispersed over the costs of development during the respective phase. Each construction loan will be exhausted over its two-year term and refinanced as a long-term loan. The owners utilized a limited amount of public incentives to raise capital for the higher cost developments.

The equity from the two separate equity entities source the additional finances needed to recreate Sulphur Dell into a destination and compliment to Nashville’s burgeoning community. The project was able to receive an LTV of 75% for the construction and permanent loan financing.

The owners are provided a construction loan for 10% at the completion of each phase. As in Phase 1, the interest will be paid on the construction loan and the balloon payment will then be transferred to a 30-year amortization loan at the end of 2017. The subsequent year will have a debt service payment that will increase when the project enters the next phase. The balloon payment is paid out at the end of the holding period to create the value of the site which increased dramatically over the project. The increases in debt service are outweighed by stronger capital that enables the development to be feasible with a healthy return on equity for the owners.

The Tennessee Housing Development Agency’s Tax Increment Financing Programming was used for two parcels despite the possibility of using the incentive for the entire district. The selected parcels were targeted as areas in particular that would find best use for the public because of their lower economic value and blighted landscape. The Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits and the Nashville Historic Easement Program were used to help fund the re-use the historic structures on Jefferson Street. The 15% easement on the properties to the city grouped with the federal tax credits not only produced more capital for the buildings but will shed more light on the historic integrity of Sound Central.

1.

2.

Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce, 2009 Collier’s International, 2013.

NASHVILLE TENNESSEE AREA ANALYSIS

20 AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

North Towards Parkwood Suites

Towards Clarksville .5 m

ile

Tennesee State University

West Towards Dickson

Fisk University Nashville General Tristar Centennial Medical Center

Music City Center

Vanderbilt University Aquinas College Saint Thomas Hospital

PROPOSED STRATEGIES

Loft Works Proposed Bike Trail Extensions Proposed Enhanced Street Bicycle Routes Proposed Future BRT Extension

South Towards Franklin

East towards Airport

EXISTING & PLANNED STRATEGIES

Nashville Sounds Baseball Stadium Local Attractions Future BRT Route Future BRT Stops

21

NASHVILLE TENNESSEE SITE ANALYSIS

AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

BUILDINGS

RAILWAYS

MEDIATE DENSITY BETWEEN AREAS

RECONNECT / RE-USE RAILWAY

ROADWAY

PARKING

REDUCE PARKING, INCREASE GREENSPACE

ELIMINATE UNNECESSARY / OBSOLETE ROADWAYS

TALLEST

BUILDING HEIGHTS

LOWEST

UTILIZE BONUS PLAN, MEDIATE HEIGHTS BETWEEN DENSITIES

TREE CANOPY

INCREASE TREE CANOPY IN AFFECTED AREAS

WATERWAY

PREVENT FLOOD DAMAGE

MTA STOPS

INCREASE TRANSIT STOPS, ENCOURAGE WALKING / METRO

DEVELOPMENT SITE

NASHVILLE TENNESSEE SITE ANALYSIS

22 AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

GERMAN TOWN TER WA FR T ON

ICS

LET

H AT TUR NA AL

NORTH CAPITOL

SITE ELEMENTS

MAJOR SITE STRUCTURES

BICYCLING & GREENWAYS Existing Bike Friendly Roads Existing Greenway Network Proposed Enhanced Street Bicycle Routes Proposed Greenway Extensions

LAND USE Mixed Use Recreational Commercial Residential

PROGRAM ZONES

TRANSPORTATION THROUGH SITE One-Way Streets through Site Two-way Streets through Site Future BRT Line Proposed Future BRT Extension Future and Proposed BRT Stops

FIGURE GROUND Existing Buildings New Construction

23

PROJECT SITE PLAN

AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

SITE PLAN

B

M F

D L O J H

C

N

A K E I

G

Point of major traffic & energy A

“Some like it Hot” Yoga & Pilate's

B

Market Square apartments

C

Music City Bike-way Loop

D Sound Central Tower

H “Dancing Dixie” restaurant & nightclub I

Gallagher custom guitars

J Cumberland Foods Grocery Store K Riverfront Gym & Exercise L Sound Central Music shop

E

Loft works Building Townhomes / Apartments

M Sulphur Dell Historical Society & Boutique Hotel

F

“Sound Off” Batting cages

N Sound Central Culinary Institute (SCCI)

G Expanded Riverfront Greenway

O The Stockyard Restaurant

24

SOUND CENTRAL PROJECT PRO FORMA

AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

PRO FORMA 1. Summary Pro Forma Net Operating Income Upscale Market-rate AAffordable

Total Net Operating Income Development Costs (With Fees)

YEAR0 2014-2015 RENTALAPARTMENTS FOR-SALE APARTMENTS RENTALAPARTMENTS RENTALAPARTMENTS SENIORINDEPENDENTLIVING Office Retail Hotel Structured Parking Surface Parking Special Use/OtherR

RENTALHOUSING FOR-SALE HOUSING RENTALHOUSING RENTALHOUSING Senior Independent Living Office Retail Hotel Structured Parking Surface Parking Special Use/OtherR Total Infrastructure Demo & Remediation Property Acquisitions Developer Fees OTHERCOSTS Owned Property Total Development Costs (Not Including Owned Land) Annual Cash Flow Net Operating Income Total Asset Value Total Costs of Sale Total Development Costs Public Subsidies Interest Reserve Net Cash Flow Debt Service Construction Interest Long Term Loan Interest Permanent Loan Payments Loan Proceeds

PHASE I 2016

$ $

2,158,200 464,800

$ $ $

177,700 122,600 2,923,300

Upscale

Market-rate AFordable

Leveraged Net Cash Flow Net Present Value LEVERAGED NETPRESENTVALUE LOAN TO VALUE RATIO (LVR) UNLEVERAGED IRR BEFORE TAXES LEVERAGED IRR BEFORE TAXES

Upscale Market-rate AAffordable

PROJECTBUILDOUTBY AREA Upscale Market-rate AAffordable

$ $

3. Unit Development and Infrastructure Costs Development Costs Rental Housing Upscale For-Sale Housing Rental Housing Market-rate Rental Housing Affordable Senior Living Office Market-rate Retail Hotel Structured Parking Surface Parking Special Use/Other Infrastructure Total Other Costs Bioswales-Streetline & Soundway Trees

Green Rooftop-Landscaping/Sod/Trees

Large and Small Bridges Removal and Re-routing of Rail Line Landscaping: hardscape/materials Landscaping/sod Total

Team 2023

2024

2,152,100 262,900 177,700 63,400 2,656,100

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

1,434,368 9,876,340 1,809,175 720,114 1,594,463 951,039 16,224,683 808,305 458,864 1,929,141 35,806,492

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

3,020,021 376,764 2,357,610 1,013,860 1,711,989 1,127,928 16,711,424 1,665,108 1,099,597 2,097,405 31,181,706

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

5,134,323 4,207,187 1,386,225 4,866,723 1,841,767 20,679,294 5,641,649 1,136,668 2,160,327 47,054,163

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

6,920,444 5,812,507 1,615,456 4,992,025 1,889,655 21,299,673 9,855,284 1,174,851 2,225,137 55,785,032

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

7,324,006 46,933,832 7,417,898 1,925,009 5,142,841 4,138,850 21,938,663 14,065,280 1,148,880 2,291,891 112,327,150

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

7,745,554 10,177,231 9,114,382 2,234,563 5,297,126 4,257,031 22,596,823 18,519,005 1,189,388 2,360,648 83,491,750

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

4,044,795 4,466,128 16,240,599 1,089,336 3,893,900 5,548,584 15,329,903 1,884,624 243,746 7,415,062 14,008,336 853,825 3,144,500 8,207,675 5,766,260 25,269,000 92,137,271

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

4,166,139 4,600,111 16,727,817 1,122,016 4,010,717 5,272,791 15,789,800 1,941,163 251,059 7,902,806 2,762,343 740,250 1,408,000 8,441,472 5,766,260

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

18,526,558.9 1,507,645.3 438,492.0 20,906,599.3 2,927,251.2 668,514.4 9,165,833.7 2,580,736.3 10,626,037.6

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

19,082,355.6 1,552,874.6 451,646.7 21,533,797.3 2,865,016.6 688,569.9 9,440,808.8 2,652,946.3 694,750.0 16,662,000.0 10,940,600.1

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

21,611,414.2 13,684,837.6 20,602,075.5 670,166.3 4,266,663.3 11,174,370.5 9,125,164.9 3,062,760.6 24,130,245.5

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

22,259,756.6 14,095,382.7 21,220,137.7 690,271.3 4,394,663.2 10,936,092.2 9,398,919.8 3,134,722.3 863,800.0 7,335,500.0 24,838,029.0

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

2,672,504.1 10,177,895.6 20,530,231.9 960,102.9 5,135,051.6 4,252,282.1 3,560,162.5 12,424,124.9 2,413,447.9 23,524,534.2

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

2,752,679.2 10,483,232.4 21,146,138.9 988,906.0 5,289,103.1 4,379,850.6 3,484,025.4 12,796,848.6 2,479,496.8 24,225,126.9

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

2,923,300 $ 53,819,000 $ 6% $ $ $ 2,923,300 $

$

80,902,743 $

67,347,669 $

86,565,366 $

108,327,698 $

119,167,275 $

85,650,338 $

88,025,408 $

2,656,100 $ 53,819,000 $

2,656,100 $ 53,819,000 $

35,806,492 $ 127,606,383 $

31,181,706 $ 131,434,574 $

47,054,163 $ 246,877,012 $

55,785,032 $ 254,283,322 $

112,327,150 $ 426,561,840 $

83,491,750 $ 439,358,696 $

92,137,271 670,814 6,910,295 (81,900,062)

80,902,743 447,209 12,978,001 (64,821,432)

67,347,669 57,302 5,051,075 (26,432,800)

86,565,366 118,678 11,543,478 (43,721,504)

108,327,698 253,634 8,124,577 (52,895,324)

119,167,275 396,072 17,062,123 (45,924,047)

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $

85,650,338 546,218 6,423,775 33,646,806

$ $ $ $

88,025,408 704,301 13,025,681 9,196,325

$ $ $ $

7,977,920 75,998,471 9,387,813 2,234,563 442,132 6,165,396 5,131,817 23,274,727 24,395,646 1,231,112 2,431,468 158,671,065

2025 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

-

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

-

$

158,671,065 $ 566,845,029 $ $ $ 870,561 $ $ 159,541,625 $

107,309,491 583,850,380 35,031,023 1,045,242 657,174,089

(6,910,295) $

(12,978,001) $

(5,051,075) $

(11,543,478) $

(8,124,577) $

(17,062,123) $

(6,423,775) $

(13,025,681) $

$ $

$ 69,102,954 $

$ 60,677,057 $

(7,658,309) $ 50,510,752 $

(7,658,309) $ 64,924,024 $

(14,421,866) $ 81,245,774 $

(14,421,866) $ 89,375,456 $

(31,652,414) $ 64,237,753 $

(31,652,414) $ 66,019,056 $

(35,673,996) $ $

(487,901,444) -

2,923,300 $ (290,306) 100,869 75% 16.4% 47.8%

(19,707,404) $

(17,122,376) $

11,368,567 $

2,000,733 $

5,804,007 $

11,967,420 $

59,808,370 $

30,537,286

123,867,629

169,272,645

Current Site Value (start of Year 0) Projected Site Value (end of Year 10)

Unit Cost (per Sqft)

Public

PHASE 2 2018

2017

$ $ PHASE 3 2020

2019

PHASE 4 2022

2021

2023

28 19 160 138 48 90 508 -

90 167 164 169 114 508 76 82

152 174 190 290 138 508 152 164

220 52 264 228 313 230 508 500 164

288 52 354 266 336 322 508 848 164

296 36 439 317 21 358 351 508 1,175 164

304 36 524 368 42 380 380 508 1,502 164

18,323 19,910 93,254 62,550 21,279 40,034 76,185 25,309 40,968 55,106 452,917

18,323 19,910 93,254 62,550 21,279 40,034 76,185 25,309 40,968 55,106 452,917

79,108 8,160 23,733 107,690 21,578 17,261 116,024 373,554

79,108 8,160 23,733 107,690 21,578 17,261 116,024 373,554

86,983 54,204 105,106 34,190 20,716 81,709 108,879 491,786

86,983 54,204 105,106 34,190 20,716 81,709 108,879 491,786

10,139 37,999 98,727 46,170 18,676 19,461 25,825 139,731 396,728

10,139 37,999 98,727 46,170 18,676 19,461 25,825 139,731 396,728

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Total Costs

Private

$

31,578,717 160,008,050 49,776,019 13,364,351 995,113 40,425,120 25,143,674 166,698,256 105,558,493 9,068,848 18,127,230 23,007,827 643,751,699 194,880 36,705 7,669,362 28,000 115,011 2,765,295.00 723,267 11,532,520

4. Equity and Financing Sources Initial Equity Sources (total) 1st Equity Owner -51% $ 2nd Equity Owner-49% $ (Loan Payoff) Total Equity $ Financing Sources (total)

Public Subsidies

Total

-

$

$

53,819,000 657,174,089

14 19 80 69 24 45 254 -

195.00 210.00 153.84 153.84 203.41 161.65 122.43 177.75 70.19 5.57 122.43 5.00

$

-

8,217,258 16,645,412 9,669,447 2,234,563 552,981 6,350,358 5,279,786 23,972,969 30,608,217 1,274,087 2,504,412 107,309,491

$

610,493 333,286 37,351 338,291 338,291 186,892 779,885 81,935 110,212 3,429,966

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

PHASE 4 2022

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Units Units Units Units Units Units Units Units Units Units N/A (S.F)

Rental Housing For-Sale Housing Rental Housing REnTAL HousIng Senior Living Office Retail Hotel Structured Parking Surface Parking Special Use/Other Total

2021

2,152,100 262,900 177,700 63,400 2,656,100

Year-by-Year Cumulative Absorption PHASE I Total Buildout 2016

Rental Housing For-Sale Housing Rental Housing Rental Housing Senior Living Office Retail Hotel Structured Parking Surface Parking Special Use/Other

PHASE 3 2020

2019

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $

$ $ $

2. Multiyear Development Program

Project Buildout by Development Units

3%

PHASE 2 2018

2017

2024

2025

304 524 368 42 380 380 508 1,921 164

304 524 368 42 380 380 508 2,340 164

-

-

End Percent of Total $ 335,158,786 12.75% 12.25% $ 322,015,304 $ (487,901,444) 163,821,055 $ 169,272,645 25.0% Initial 83,548,738 80,272,317

Phase 1: Construction Loan Phase 1: Long Term Financing Phase 2: Construction Loan Phase 2: Long Term Financing Phase 3: Construction Loan Phase 3: Long Term Financing Phase 4: Construction Loan Phase 4: Long Term Financing Total Financing Each Phase

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

129,780,010 129,780,010 115,434,776 115,434,776 170,621,230 170,621,230 130,256,809 130,256,809 491,463,164

17.82%

TDHA LIHTC Federal Historic Rehabilitation Tax Incentive Nashville Historic Easement Program MDHA TIFa Total

$ $ $ $ $ $

641,094 526,267 479,513 1,045,242 2,692,116 655,284,218

0.10% 0.08% 0.07% 0.16% 0.41% 100%

15.85% 23.43% 17.89% 75.00%

25

SOUND CENTRAL DESIGN SECTIONS

AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

TYPICAL BUILDING TYPOLOGY & SOUNDSCAPE

A-1

SCALE: 1”=1’

BIOSWALE STREETSCAPE

C-1

ROOFTOP GARDENS

EXPANDED PEDESTRIAN / BIKEWAY

MUSIC CITY SOUND SCAPE

MARKET ADDITION SECTION SCALE: 3/8”=1’

SLOPED GREEN SURFACE

SUBTERRANEAN PARKING

MARKET SQUARE RESIDENTIAL UNITS

MARKET PROMENADE SHOPS

MARKET DISTRICT

B-1

WATERFRONT TO BALLPARK SECTION IRONWORKS CHIMNEY OBSERVATION TOWER

VARYING BUILDING HEIGHTS TO MAXIMIZE DENSITY

SECOND AVENUE

THIRD AVENUE

ATHLETICS DISTRICT

INTERIOR PARKING STRUCTURE RE-CONNECTED 1ST AVENUE LOFTWORKS RE-PURPOSED RESIDENTIAL

STORE FRONT

PRIVATE GREEN SPACES

LIGHT WELL

FIRST AVENUE

1ST BASE SHOPS PLAZA HOME PLATE APARTMENTS

WATERFRONT HERITAGE DISTRICT

SOUND CENTRAL AREAS

26 AREA ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS SITE PLAN PRO-FORMA RENDERS

27 COLLABORATIVE PROJECT WITH: MADELYN MCCLELLAN & ABDUL SAMUT ENGIN PROFESSOR STEPHANIE DAVIDSON, SPRING 2014

Ceramic techniques investigated the investigation and re-application of the masonry stove, represented through differend module units called the Kacheln.

the heat output of the masonry stove.

The Kacheln units were re-analyzed utilizing modern production methods to speculate and improve upon their design.

These different ceramic modules provided both form and function, extending the surface area of a particular unit to increase

From this analysis, new forms were generated through the production of several full scale models slip cast from

TOPFKACHEL KUGELTOPF

13TH CENTURY

plaster formwork.

The result was an comprehensive study in the history, methods of fabrication, design and assemblage of a ceramic masonry unit to provide new ideas and designs for a modern day kachelofen (masonry oven).

- Created using local clay materials - Spherical ball shape increased amount of surface area for heat to air contact - Convex application allowed users to warm their hands inside the vessels

PLAN 4”

2-1/2”

6”

SECTION

ELEVATION

6” 2-1/2”

+ 2-1/2”

4”

CLAY BASE MATERIAL; FOUND LOCALLY, USED TO SUPPORT THE KACHEL UNITS

KACHEL UNITS BEYOND; ORGANIZED IN A CONICAL ARRANGEMENT TO OPTIMIZE NUMBER OF UNITS AND ALLOW MAXIMUM HEAT TRANSFER

TOPKACHELOFEN SECTION

HEAT CAPTURED FROM FIRE HEAT EXCHANGE WITHIN THE UNIT

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT

28

PROTOTYPES AGGREGATION MODELS

BECHERKACHEL EARLY 14TH CENTURY The Becherkachel was one of the earliest Kachel stove tiles being introduced around the early 14th Century. The reliefs were modeled by a variety of artisans, making distinction of the tile whereabouts difficult to determine. The process to create the Becherkachel involved recycled clay formed by hand in thin sheets placed over a negative form of manufactured tile created from baked clay or wood.

Once the tile is created, it is placed inside the oven and sometimes anchored through wires that crossed the oven to secure it. Depending on the firing technique and ornament the tile was pre-baked at 500 degrees in an elongated barrel-vaulted oven in bisque firing , coated with a glaze and a second time completed at about 1000 degrees. The tiles were assembled usually by the same potters who had prepared the stoves .

AXON

PLAN OD: 17CM 6.69 IN ID: 9 CM 3.54 IN

SECTION

FIREBOX (IN OTHER ROOM) H:13.5CM 5.31 IN

ISO

CLAY BASE MATERIAL; FOUND LOCALLY, USED TO SUPPORT THE KACHEL UNITS

BECHERKACHEL SECTION

FIREBOX (IN OTHER ROOM)

29

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

AGGREGATION MODELS

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION EARLY 21ST CENTURY

DAVIDSON RAFILIDIS

MATERIAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN The Masonry heater at Cafe Fargo is crafted with concrete masonry units, held together by high temperature mortar and clad with concrete tiles. The concrete tiles were chosen as opposed to ceramic because of the non-beveled edge that they encompass giving the overall design a unique, continuous surface as opposed to a gridded, ceramic or porcelain surface with grout lines. Speculation is that because of the similar qualities of the concrete masonry units and the concrete tiles there exists a stronger bond between the expansion and contraction qualities of the overall system.

Exterior formal typology is represented vertically and horizontally to provide radiating heat in two different functions, as a seating area and contact point in the horizontal and as a contact point and commanding radiant structure in the vertical.

MASONRY STOVE

SMOKE CIRCULATION

D: 3/8 IN

W: 8 IN

L: 8 IN

CONCRETE WITH CLAY BASED AGGREGATE TO WITHSTAND HIGHER TEMPERATURES

AIR INTAKE

FIRE BOX

CEMENT TILES ADHERED THROUGH SPECIALIZED MORTAR

MATERIAL DETAILS OF DESIGN The heater was designed with an extensive flue length to loop through a bench, integrated as part of the heating body. The heater is meant to be, through its radiant warmth, a magnetic feature of the space in the chilly months, when visitors would gravitate to the warm surface to lean against, sit on, and cluster around

.FUEL SOURCE: Dry, seasoned wood HEAT EMISSION: Convection heats concrete, concrete radiates heat STORAGE: Adjacement basement level BURN CYLCE: About 8 logs every 12 hours INTERNAL TYPOLOGY: Long, single flute under bench portion channels smoke / waste heat

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

TOPFKACHEL RE-FABRICATION

30

AGGREGATION MODELS

TOPFKACHEL EDIT V.1 : DUOKACHEL

The re-fabrication of the original Topfkachel was explored through throwing pottery methods as well as slip-cast methods, with ultimately the slip cast method being chosen for mass fabrication.

The first edit of the original topfkachel sought to expand the inner volume area to possibly increase heat flow.

This strategy was thought to be able to produce more heat through its increas in volume on the interior and increase in surface area to be heated on the exterior.

THROWN ATTEMPTS

PL AN

PL AN

E LE VAT I ON

PA R T I A L SE CT I ON

EL EVATI O N

SE C T IO N

PARTIAL SECTION

SECTI O N

MASSI NG DI FFE R E N CE S POSSIBLE NEW AGGREGATION SECTION

POSSIBLE NEW AGGREGATION SECTION

31

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

TOPFKACHEL EDIT V.2 : TANGENTKACHEL

PLAN

PARTIAL SECTION

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

The second edit to the original TopfKachel form made the edges tangent to the mouth, suggesting a easier form of aggregation, and allowing them to be stacked utilizing much less mortar.

AGGREGATION MODELS

TOPFKACHEL EDIT V.3 : BLOCKACHEL

The third edit of the original Topfkachel took cues from the more rigidized Becherkachel by cutting off the excess edges and making them flat planes where the mouth is tangent to the bell.

This allowed for easier storage, and a more rigid compact assembly.

PL AN

ELEVATI ON

SECTI ON

PARTIAL SECTION

POSSIBLE NEW AGGREGATION SECTION

EL EVATION

SECTION

POSSIBLE NEW AGGREGATION SECTION

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

TOPFKACHEL FINAL EDIT V.4 : INFINITYKACHEL

AGGREGATION MODELS

INFINITYKACHEL AGGREGATION V.1

The final edit of the original Topfkachel that optimized the form while minimizing the amount of mortar needed reciprocated the bell of the kachel unit into the neck, to create optimal nesting and allow for further massing of thickness to vary the upon the placement of the unit.

The units, once nested can be then carve and capped to form smoke flue systems that radiate the heat from the smoke, without necessitating a dramatic change in the overall aggregation.

N E ISOM ETRIC

P LAN

E LE VATION

PARTI AL SECTI ON

32

SECTION

PL AN

SMOKE FLUE SECTION

POSSIBLE NEW AGGREGATION SECTION

SECTION

33

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

INFINITYKACHEL AGGREGATION V.2

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

AGGREGATION MODELS

INFINITYKACHEL EDIT AGGREGATION V.3

NE ISOMETRIC

NE I SO M E TRI C

PLAN

PLA N

E LE VATION

SEC TI O N

34

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

O RIG INAL KACHEL W OOD INSERT

O RIG INAL KACHEL PLASTER MOLD

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

AGGREGATION

EXPERIM EN TAL WOOD INSERT

EXPERIM EN TAL 4 PIECE PL ASTER M OL D

S LIP CAST AND RESULTANT GREENWARE

GREEN WARE

35

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

AGGREGATION

TANGENT KACHEL WOOD IN SERT

BLO C K ACHEL WOOD INSERT

BLO C K ACHEL PLAST ER MOLD

TAN GENT KACHEL PL ASTER M OL D

GREENWARE

GREEN WARE

QUARTER SIZE GREENWARE, VARIOUS

CERAMIC TECHNIQUES

PRECEDENT PROTOTYPES

AGGREGATION

36

QU A R T E R S I ZE K AC H E L M OL D S , VA R IO U S

I NFINIT Y KACHEL WOOD INSERT

OV E R 10 0 FI R E D P I E C E S P R OD U C E D OF VA RYIN G T YP E S INFINIT Y KACHEL PLASTER MOLD

GREENWA RE

D RY I N G / FI R I N G

37

P.O.O.C.H. PORTABLE ORGANIZED OCTAGONAL CANINE HOUSING AIAS ANIMAL HOUSE COMPETITION ENTRY, MARCH 2014

A descendent from the Grey Wolf, the domesticated canine still experiences space through markings and scents mostly invisible to the senses of their owners. How then, can humans connect to this hidden world of extra sensory perception so that we may begin to understand canines better?

P.O.O.C.H. units intend to begin this conversations while inherently solving problems with current canine housing. The units derive their form from the requirements of

crate spaces per dog size, but manipulate them to build on conventional approaches to better serve their inhabitants.

Their modularity allows them to be deployed with ease in areas of necessity; an aggregation of P.O.O.C.H. units could be utilized as a temporary art installation that helps reign in wild, overpopulated urban dogs in a humane way.

The modular panel sides of the unit allow the spaces to be

changed for seasonal, interior or exterior placement. The eight panel designs are meant to provide inspiration for limitless additional types, allowing it to adapting to the differing spatial & cultural relationships that exist between human and canine in different cultures. The concept for the spatial arrangement of the P.O.O.C.H. unit strongly echoes the adaptability of the wolf in its path to domestication, suggesting that the relationship between canine and human can advance as well.

38

P.O.O.C.H. UNIT DETAILS

G A

G ALTERNATE ROOF MODULE-TRANSPARENT

E F

D

KEY

H

F

A REPLACEABLE WALL PANELS B CUSTOM CONCEALED HINGES C 1/2” STEEL SUPPORT ROD D FOOD MODULE INSERT E STORAGE MODULE INSERT F REST / SLEEP MODULE INSERT G ROOF MODULE INSERT H FLOOR MODULE INSERT

E A D

H

C B

STORAGE + TRAVEL

TR

AN

SP

AR

EN

HA TR LF AN SP T

MODULAR PROGRAM PIECES DETACH

ROOF UNITS STACK

PANEL UNITS STACK FOR TRAVEL

A SAMPLE PANEL TYPES TR AR

EN

T

AN

SL

PE UC

EN

T

RF

OR

RE AT

ED

CY

CL

RE ED

W

OO

FL

EC

D

TIV

RA EM ET A

L

W

HI

W DE

AT

ER

ROOF MODULE

FOOD MODULE

SINGLE P.O.O.C.H. UNIT

MULTIPLE UNITS AGGREGATED

39 COLLABORATIVE PROJECT WITH: ANDREW KOUDLAI PROFESSOR SEAN BURKHOLDER, SPRING 2014

Urban Ecology: Huron-Erie Transect investigated the ecological impact the shipping industry has had on the waterway between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, analyzing the continued impact on its ecology.

The primary focus was to understand and represent hidden environmental information in new and dynamic ways through illustration, collage, sketching and multimedia applications.

The final project, shown below, represent-

ed the geology of the Great Lakes area, represented on corrugated cardboard through the layering of 4 different colors of spray paint , applied at varying pressures over laser cut stencils of the corresponding geological layer.

40

THE GREATER OUTER HARBOR PROFESSOR SEAN BURKHOLDER, SPRING 2014

The Greater Outer Harbor is a project that reflects real-life development problems in Buffalo, NY. As the city sees a resurgence of money, and influx of people, Buffalo looks at all possible open space for development, including valuable green space on the Outer Harbor.

between Buffalo’s rich park history of Frederick Law Olmsted and the needs of a growing city, offering solutions for development that satisfy the ecological and human factors existent while creating a co-habitating series of programs and spaces in which ecology and human beings can interact.

This approach, taking advantage of the current smaller areas in development, creates a more rich, diverse inclusive environment that weaves the existing separated Outer Harbor elements into one unifying series of spaces and programs, The Greater Outer Harbor.

The Greater Outer Harbor mediates

PRECEDENT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS TORONTO, ONTARIO • BUFFALO, NY

PRECEDENT COLLABORATION WITH:

Madelyn McClellan

WHITE CITY, CHICAGO To understand how Frederick Law Olmsted designed his landscapes, several of his projects were analyzed.

More profoundly, his design for Chicago’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 was studied as an ideal study to derive principles of waterfront development from.

W H IT E C IT Y , C HIC A GO LOCATION: JACKSON PARK, CHICAGO SIZE: 1,055 ACRES LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: FREDERICK LAW OLMSTEAD CONSULTING ARCHITECTS: BURNHAM & ROOT ARCHITECTS: RICHARD M. HUNT SS BEMAN GEORGE B. POST ADLER & SULLIVAN MUCIM, MEAD & WHITE HENRY IVES COBB PEABODY & STEARNS BURLING & WHITEHOUSE VAN BRUNT & HONE JENNEY & MUNDIE

SITE ELEMENTS A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S

ART GALLERIES ILLINOIS BUILDING FISHERIES WOMEN’S BUILDING HORTICULTURE U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUFACTURES & ARTS TRANSPORTATION MINES ELECTRICITY STATION ADMINISTRATION ANNEX MACHINERY AGRICULTURE STOCK PAVILION STOCK EXHIBIT ANTHROPOLOGY FORESTRY WOODED ISLAND

CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

LINE APPROXIMATELY PERPENDICULAR TO SHORE LAKE MICHIGAN

MICHIGAN

LAKE

N

STRONG ARCHITECTURAL PRESENCE ON LINE

R LAKE

Utilizing a “Genius of place” Mantra, Frederick Law Olmsted carved the landscape to create perspectives of pastoral picturesque and sublime to offset the oppression of dense urban life.

While the buildings of the Exposition have crumbled, Olmsted’s landscape is still intact and relevant today.

DATES: 1892-1893

LAKE MICHIGAN

Q

MICHIGAN

N

O

P

G

F

C

J

L

I

S

A B D

M

CANALS EXTENDED OFF OF CENTRAL AT 90 DEGREES LEAD TO NATURAL WOODED ISLAND AND NORTH SITE LINE LAKE MICHIGAN

K

H

E

CANALWAYS GUIDED TERRACE & ROADWAY PLACEMENT

LAKE MICHIGAN

LAKE MICHIGAN

1

2

HOW IT WORKS:

1 JACKSON PARK (SHORELINE) + 2 MIDWAY PLAISANCE(FORMAL WATERWAY)+ 3 WASHINGTON PARK (SOUTH)

3

1871- WHOLE PARK PROPOSED 1891- JACKSON / MIDWAY AWARDED FOR COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION

PRECEDENT TORONTO, ONTARIO

PRECEDENT

42

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

TORONTO, ONTARIO Using principles studied from many of Olmsted’s work, a hypothetical park was designed in Toronto, Ontario.

the park combines ideas derived from many of Olmsteds works including The Emeral Necklace in Boston, Jackson Park in Chicago and parks in Buffalo and Rochester NY.

Sharing waters with the eventual site in Buffalo, NY,

The design served to connect existing green areas of Toronto into one comprehensive chain of park and pastoral landscape, meant to relieve the public from the oppresive nature of the urban density of Toronto.

EXISTING

CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION

PROPOSED

DEVELOPMENT AREA

IDENTIFICATION OF 3 MAJOR PARK ELEMENTS ON OUTSKIRTS

CONNECTION BETWEEN 3 MAJOR ELEMENTS THROUGH CITY CORE

HOUSING UNIT SECTIONS ADMINISTRATIVE

ADMIN SPACE

RESIDENTIAL

UNIT 1 UNIT 2

SECTION A-A 3

4

2

2

1

1

43 PRECEDENT BUFFALO, NEW YORK PRECEDENT

PRECEDENT

TORONTO, ONTARIO • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

BUFFALO, NEW YORK

TORONTO, ONTARIO • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

B U F FAL O , N Y

DELAWARE PARK

BUFFALO STATE COLLEGE

FOREST LAWN CEMETARY

ELMWOOD VILLAGE

ECONOMIC POINTS OF GROWTH & ACTIVITY

ECOLOGICALLARGE PARK / GREEN SPACE

ALLEN STREET

CANISIUS COLLEGE

UB MEDICAL CAMPUS

LASALLE PARK

DIRECT SOCIAL IMPACT

LAKE ERIE

CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

WATERFRONT PARK DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO

25%

INCREASE IN PHYSICAL 1 ACTIVITY WHEN PEOPLE LIVE NEAR PARKS 1

OLD FIRST WARD

10% 30% INCREASE IN COMMERCIAL PROPERTY VALUES

21ST CENTURY PARK

INCREASE IN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES 2

$35,000,000,000 SPENT BY BIRDERS WATCHING WILDLIFE ANNUALLY

SILO CITY

3

L

$2.60

A

+$126 RETURN ON INITIAL INVESTMENT OF $2.60

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

4

K

SPENT ON NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM BY TAXPAYERS

JOBS ARE EXPECTED TO BE MADE BY ECOTOURISM 5 BY 2020

E

1 IN 11

QUALITY OF LIFE IMPACTS MORE ON ATTRACTING BUSINESSES & JOBS TO AN AREA THAN TAX INCENTIVES

OPEN SPACE

GALLAGHER BEACH

6

E

$ $$ $

LARKIN DISTRICT

TIMES BEACH

R

DEMANDS FEWER MUNICIPAL SERVICES THAN OTHER LAND USES. IN COMPARISON, LANDS USED FOR RESIDENTIAL NEEDS TYPICALLY CONSUME SERVICES OF GREATER VALUE THAN THE PROPERTY TAX REVENUE GENERATED BY THEM. OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION HELPS

I

KEEPS TAXES LOWER.

7

E 1: Center for Disease Control 2: Hara Associates 3: Buffalo Audubon Society 4: National Park Service 5: World Trade Organization 6: Brookings institute 7: Smart Growth Network

N

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

44

PRECEDENT BUFFALO, NEW YORK

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

BUFFALO, NY

TORONTO, ONTARIO • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

ORIGINAL SOUTH PARK MASTER PLAN CARVE LAND TO CREATE PICTURESQUE VIEWS AND BRING LAKE ERIE DIRECTLY INTO SITE

CURRENT SOUTH PARK BOUNDARY

CONNECT INLAND WITH WATERFRONT THROUGH CANALS IN SITE

CONCEPTUALIZATION + STRATEGY DIVIDING ELEMENTS + EXISTING PROGRAM SITES

ORIGINAL PARK AREA

ESTABLISHMENT OF HABITATION ZONES

DOWNTOWN BUFFALO

DOWNTOWN BUFFALO

DOWNTOWN BUFFALO

3

1 2

TIMES BEACH

TIMES BEACH

N

E E

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

K

R

N

R

R

I

I R R

E

R

E E

E

GALLAGHER BEACH

A

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

L

E

E

R

N

SILO CITY

N MA L HU L+ ICA ICA OG OL EC

E

E E

K

E

E

GALLAGHER BEACH

K K

K

E

N

OG

A

K

K

N

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

21ST CENTURY PARK

AA

A

A

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

OL

L

A

SILO CITY

MA

EC

HU

L

L L

L

L

21ST CENTURY PARK

PRESERVE HABITATS & LAND THROUGH MANIPULATION

I

I

I

E I

E

I

E E

E

E

E

CLASSIFICATION + ADDITION OF PROGRAM $

ECOLOGICAL WARMER MONTHS

NEUTRAL MONTHS

$ $

$

ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

HUMAN

$

COOLER MONTHS

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$

FIRE PIT / PARKS ICE CLIMBING OUTER BIRDWATCHING CANOING / OUTER HARBOR YACHT / BOAT SLEDDING / LABATT POND BREAKWALK “ETERNAL FLAME” HARBOR AT TIMES BEACH KAYAKING SEASONAL DRY DOCK WINTER-LAND HOCKEY TOURN. AREA CONCERT FESTIVAL SERIES MOORING ACTIVITIES SERIES RESTAURANTS & TIFFT FARM TIFFT SMALL BOAT CITY OF NIGHT SUNBATHING / BREAKWALK RECREATIONAL ICE FISHING SNOW HIKING DINING AREAS SATELLITE AREA FARM MARINA TRAVEL/ AT SILO CITY TRAIL WALKING 5K WINTER SPORTS RECREATION

SHOPS & RESTAURANTS

45

BUFFALO

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

PRECEDENT

PROJECT RESEARCH & DESIGN

BY ADAM SCHIFFMACHER

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

ECOLOGICAL

VARYING STRATIFICATIONS OF CORRIDORS

SIMPLIFIED CORRIDORS IND

IND

UST

800’ RAI

L SP

1600’ SHI

PPI

RA

IL S

NG

RIA

RAI

L SP

AC

AC

SHI

E

E

NS

PO

RTA

SPA

TRA

CE

NS

PUB BIK LIC S P EP ATH ACE PU BLI CS PA CE

PO

CE

HA

NS

AT

CO

RR

NG

RIA

AC

E

L SP

SPA

PA

RTA

T

TIO

NS

PA

CE

IDO

R

CE

TER

HA

RBO

PEDESTRIAN TRANSIT HUB THROUGH SKYWAY-CONCEPTUAL PROPOSAL RC

HA

NN

EL

PR O OF POSE D HA BIT BUIL AT ISLA D-UP ND

NEW EDGE CONDITION PROPOSAL WATERSIDE STEPS WITH CANALWAY CUT IN

PROPOSED EDGE CONDITIONS EDGE AMPHITHEATRE

CONSTRUCTED DUNE BEACH

EXISTING EDGE CONDITIONS STEEL BULKHEAD OBSERVATION DECK ON WATER

CONCRETE BULKHEAD

E

PA

OU

RIPRAP REVETMENT

AC

CE CE ( TO SCEN SILO ICCIT CON Y) NE C

IL S

PA

TIO

PPI

RA

BIT

TRA

UST

L SP

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

AMPHITHEATRE BURIED

NEW WATERWAY CREATION

BUFFALO

PROJECT RESEARCH & DESIGN

BY ADAM SCHIFFMACHER

46

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

ECOLOGICAL HABITAT ACCESS KEY

AVIAN

POLLINATOR

Avian species are abundant in the Outer Harbor, these areas encourage avian habitat development as well as provide a larger population with more dedicated zones for birdwatchers to experience while building on existing infrastructure.

Floral fauna and specialized plants such as milkweed would attract pollinators to the area. Monarch Butterfly & Bee species look to provide natural “boundary” areas to discourage passage of humans in certain areas.

HUMAN

These areas showcase the zones that are accessible by humans. This access and area creates revenue that allows the park to be self-sustaining in regards to maintenance costs.

TERRESTRIAL

Nearby nature preserve terrestrial populations already bleed into the site, these spaces allow for creation of new terrestrial corridors as well as connect & strengthen the existing ones.

AQUATIC

With Lake Erie already being a major recreational fishing zone, these areas create aquatic habitat for smaller, lower current dwelling species, as well as foster spawning of other aquatic life.

TIMES BEACH

TIMES BEACH

SILO CITY

SILO CITY

21ST CENTURY PARK TIMES BEACH

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

GALLAGHER BEACH

SILO CITY

1

TIMES BEACH

1

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

21ST CENTURY PARK

21ST CENTURY PARK

SMALL BOAT HARBOR

GALLAGHER BEACH

LA

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

21ST CENTURY PARK

KE

ER

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

LA

KE

ER

IE

GALLAGHER BEACH

SILO CITY

1 SMALL BOAT HARBOR

GALLAGHER BEACH

IE

LA

CIRCULATION DIAGRAMS

NEW INTENDED CIRCULATION ROUTE EXISTING CIRCULATION ROUTE

KE

ER

IE

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

LA

KE

ER

IE

TIFFT FARM NATURE PRESERVE

47

BUFFALO

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

$

HUMAN

THE SKYLINE Riding the momentum of moves such as the SKYRIDE and the re-construction of Ohio Street, a portion of the Skyway is reclaimed for pedestrian access to the Greater Outer Harbor. The SKyline provides green space and pedestrian-only access through trails, walkways and bike paths integrated directly into building & commercial development..

MIXED-USE HOUSING

Mixed use housing integrates directly into the Skyline for bike or pedestrian access, while the lower 2 floors leave themselves open for a central semi-public greenspace that acts as a natural corridor for terrestrial animals. the mesh rainscreen allows for a green wall condition, allowing growth of various species of vegetation to lower the overall carbon footprint of Buffalo.

BUFFALO

48

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

$

HUMAN MILLENNIUM CANAL Echoing Olmsteadian principles, a canalway is carved into the landscape naturally connecting two water inlets to secure the main portion of 21st Century Park from future development. The canal also allows for low-current spawning pools for smaller species of aquatic life that may not have been able to live in Lake Erie’s currents.

HABITAT ISLANDS Utiizing dredged materials from sites throughout Buffalo & Lake Erie, the islands create a bridge to bird habitat from Tifft nature preserve to Times Beach. The dense vegetation of Poplar & Aspen trees on the island also provides a natural windbreak for residents of the Greater Outer Harbor and the Old First Ward.

49

BUFFALO

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL OUTER HARBOR CONCERT SERIES

POLLINATOR HABITAT SPACE AVIAN HABITAT SPACE TERRESTRIAL HABITAT SPACE

SEASONAL FESTIVAL SPACE

SUNBATHING

AQUATIC HABITAT SPACE

GATHERING PLAZA SPACE AMPHITHEATRE RESIDENTIAL PLAZA / SHOPS

CITY OF BUFFALO

CITY OF NIGHT ART INSTALLATION

BIRDWATCHING CANOEING / KAYAKING

OUTDOOR FURNITURE COMPANY

YACHT CLUB MOORING RESTAURANTS & SHOPS MIXED USE / MIXED INCOME HOUSING

ECONOMIC

LACKAWANNA / HAMBURG

21ST CENTURY PLAZA 21st Century Plaza is formulated for varying types of habitats, deriving the form based on the existing conditions of the environment and the strategic placement of program and habitat elements to create a cohesive plaza space that accommodates the diverse ecology of the Greater Outer Harbor.

N

TERRESTRIAL +

AQUATIC +

POLLINATORS +

AVIAN +

BUFFALO

50

PRECEDENT

ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

GREATER OUTER HARBOR STRATEGY

ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

POLLINATOR +

AVIAN +

TERRESTRIAL +

AQUATIC +

OUTER HARBOR AMPHITHEATRE

The Outer Harbor Amphitheatre is formulated as well for varying types of habitat, deriving its form from the implementation of habitat elements that allow the building to be utilized year round when not in use for concerts. It’s structure is designed for holding lighting equipment and provide an attraction point for the public to interact with different avian populations.

HABITAT ISLAND FORMATION EXISTING BREAKWALL

BUILDUP THROUGH DREDGING

TOTAL SQ. FOOTAGE: 8,111,375 sq. ft.

TOTAL VOLUME: 186,607,625 cubic ft.

OR

TOTAL VOLUME: 6,911,393.52 cubic yds.

ESTIMATED time of 13 years for intial build up

ESTIMATED 15 years until growth planted

POLLINATORS begin habitation in 17 years

AROUND 550,000 cubic yds. dredged per year

AVIAN SPECIES begin habitation in 19 years

51

7

6 1 9

3

4

4 13

12 13

5

14

3

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

TIMES BEACH NATURE PRESERVE OUTER HARBOR AMPHITHEATRE BREAKWALL HABITAT ISLAND MIXED USED / MIXED INCOME RESIDENTIAL + MOORING SILO CITY CANALSIDE / HARBOCENTER LIGHTHOUSE SIDE PARK FUTURE GRACIOUS LIVING OUTDOOR FURNITURE GENERAL MILLS SMALL BOAT HARBOR TIFFT FARMS NATURE PRESERVE SKYLINE GREENWAY GATHERING ZONES / TRAILS 21ST CENTURY PLAZA MEDIUM DENSITY FOREST LAND CORRIDOR FOR TERRESTRIAL HABITAT CONNECTIVITY

ZONES

HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICAL + HUMAN

N

SITE PLAN

SCALE: 1”=500’

15 16

8 10

11

52

MEMORIAL DESIGN IN THE AGE OF TERROR THESIS, 2014-2015, PROF. HADAS STEINER-CHAIR, PROF. SEAN BURKHOLDER, ADVISOR

En Memoriam is an exploration of the relationship between architectural design and memorial culture in the United States.

It investigates the memorial as a repository of the values of society expressed through a designed object or space, analyzing specifically the impact and evolution of the memorial since Abraham Lincoln’s commemoration of Gettysburg field as the nations first war memorial.

Empirical and historical research create an objective process that determiens the effectiveness of a memorial’s design by comparing the subject it represents against the space and design decisions made. This

process informed strategies on how to design a memorial to the War on Terror, a vague, endless campaign began by the United States after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001.

am attempts to understand a relevant complex socio-political issue while suggesting manners in which to improve monument and memorial fabrication, planning and design.

These attacks on the United States have effected the country economically, politically, and socially ushering in a new Age of Terror, where policy and military decisions are made in fear against an obscure, vague enemy. This thesis analyzes this present day struggle in designing a memorial to something that has no definitive resolution, and a multitude of valid conflicting perspectives. En Memori-

Pictured below are final renderings and diagrams of the final stage of the thesis, a memorial to the War on Terror situated on the border of Washington D.C. and Arlington V.A. The full thesis is available at the QR code and link below.

LINK TO FULL THESIS

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