085278

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ESTHER

BIBLIA HEBRAICA QUINTA 18 MEGILLOTH

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INTRODUCTIONS

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ybwtkw yaybn hrwt

BIBLIA HEBRAICA quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato participantibus R. Althann, P.B. Dirksen, N. Fern ndez Marcos, A. Gelston, A. Gianto, L. Greenspoon, I. Himbaza, J. Lust, D. Marcus, C. McCarthy, M. R sel, M. Sæbø, R. Sch fer, S. Sipil , P. Schwagmeier, A. Tal, Z. Talshir consultis A. Dotan pro masora, A. Groves et Soetjianto pro impressione electronica, R. Omanson pro redactione et stylo communiter ediderunt A. SCHENKER (praeses), Y.A.P. GOLDMAN, A. VAN DER KOOIJ, G.J. NORTON, S. PISANO, J. DE WAARD, R.D. WEIS

General Introduction and

MEGILLOTH twlgm RUTH twr J. de Waard CANTICLES yryMh ryM P.B. Dirksen QOHELETH tlhq Y.A.P. Goldman LAMENTATIONS hkya R. Sch fer ESTHER rtsa M. Sæbø

DEUTSCHE BIBELGESELLSCHAFT

INTRODUCTIONS

ISBN 3-438-05278-4 Biblia Hebraica Quinta, Fascicle 18: General Introduction and Megilloth 2004 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Printed in Germany All rights reserved www.scholarly-bibles.com

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CONTENTS General Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VII

Allgemeine Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XXVII

Introducci n General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

Figure 1: Sample of an Apparatus Entry Illustrating the Presentation of the Text Critical Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LXXIII

Figure 2: Sample Page Illustrating the Features of the Layout . . . . . . . . .

LXXIV

Sigla, Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LXXVI

Definitions of the Terms Used to Characterize Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . LXXXV Glossary of Common Terms in the Masorah Parva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XCV

Table of Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XCIX

The Text of the Megilloth Ruth twr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Canticles yryMh ryM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Qoheleth tlhq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

Lamentations hkya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54

Esther rtsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Introductions and Commentaries on the Megilloth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Works Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ESTHER

MEGILLOTH twlgm

RUTH twr prepared by J. de Waard CANTICLES yryMh ryM prepared by P.B. Dirksen QOHELETH tlhq prepared by Y.A.P. Goldman LAMENTATIONS hkya prepared by R. Sch fer ESTHER rtsa prepared by M. Sæbø

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1:1–9

RUTH

1

RUTH twr ‥ hW sWj djw lWm dj bW lW

j,lâ&#x20AC; ¢ tyBÂŤGmi vyai Ĺ l,YE!w" ÂŻr<a -B; b[ â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;r: yhiHy w" yfi+p]Vohâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fp o v] y meyBi yhi%y w" 1 vyai¢h; v¢w .wyn:Pb; ynEOv]W /T`v]aiw aWhO ba;+/m ydE c]Bi r~Wgl; hd: %Why

2

yti+r:p]a, /yl]kiw /lÂĽj]mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; { wyn: b;AynEPv] vÂŤHw ymi [ n: /T v]ai *vew Ĺ l,m,^ylia^â&#x20AC; Ĺ l,mâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ylia tm;YOw: " . v IAWyh]YIPw" ba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;/mAydE c] WaboOY:w" hd: â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Why j,lâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; tyBÂŤHmi

3

â&#x20AC;Ą g\mW â&#x20AC;Ą bW sWjw lW

vÂŤĆ&#x2019; t/Yâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;b ia}moP ~yvin: h,%l; Wa c ]YIw" .h yn<Pb; ynEOv]W ayhiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; raÂŤH V;Tiw" ymi-[ n: vyai¢

4

lW

WtWmOY:w" . ynIPv; rc,[ â&#x20AC; HK] v â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Wbv]YEOw" tWr= tynI `Vehâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; vÂŤHw hP;+r [; t~jâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;hI

5

lW

.Hv Iya)imeW h;yd< `l;y ynEOV]mi hV;+aihI r~aeV;Tiw" /y=l]kiw /l j]mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ynEv]A g"

â&#x20AC;Ą sWjw lW hW btk bW

ba;+/m hdE c]Bi h~[;m]vI yKiĆ&#x2019; ba -/m ydE C]mi bv;T â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;w" h;yt,+L Âżkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;w a~yhi q;T Ć&#x2019;w"

6

rvâ&#x20AC; ¢a} ~/qM;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;A mi axe%Tew" . j,l I hâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;l; ttÂŤHl; /M+[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ata, h~w:hy dqp; Ć&#x2019; AyKiI

7

lWm dj bW â&#x20AC;Ą bW â&#x20AC;Ą bW ytnb ytnb bW M[y qW bW

ÂŻr<aâ&#x20AC; HAla, bWv`l; Ĺ r<D<+bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hn:k]l ¢Tew" HM -[i h;yt)â&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;LÂżkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yTÂŤHv]W hM;v;+Aht;y h; HM -ai tyb¢l] hV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ai hn:b ]Vo+ hn:k ]l¢ h;y t,+LÂżkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yT¢v]li y mi[ n: rm,aT¿¼w" .hd:P Why

8

TÂŤĆ&#x2019;yI .ydI PM;[iw ytiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Mehâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;A [i tâ&#x20AC; yZ ci[} rvâ&#x20AC; Ga}Kâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ds,j,+ ~k,M;[i hw:ÂĽhy hc [â&#x20AC;&#x2122;y"

9

hn:aCâ&#x20AC; HTiw" h,+l; qV ¢Tiw" Hv -yai tyB¢ hV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ai hj;+Wnm] ;axâ&#x20AC; ¢m]W k,+l; h~w:hy .o. Mya Ă&#x;lyw â&#x20AC;Ą rba dryw [Wfb bW ÂŻrab b[r yhyw hgwz tylw ydjym qWwsp yrt [1:1]

1:1 yfi+p]Vohâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fpo v] y meyBi 4QRutha GMss (V) (T) | ejn twâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;/ krivnein tou;" kritav" G | an\yOd Ymw\yb S (facil-synt) C .wyn:Pb; ynEOv]W 4QRutha 4QRuthb GMss V T | kai; oiJ uiJoi; aujtouâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; G S (implic) 2 v¢w1 4QRutha G S T | ]M 4QRuthb | ipse vocabatur V (transl) Ĺ l,m,^ylia^â&#x20AC; GMss V S T | Ë&#x2DC;Abimevlec G AWyh]YIPw" G T | wbMyw 4QRutha (assim-1:4?) | morabantur V (transl) | rm[ml S (transl) C 3 ymi-[ n: vyai¢ G V S T | vir eius La 5 .Hv IyaimeW h;yd< `l;y ynEOV]mi 4QRutha V T | ajpo; touâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ajndro;" aujthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; " kai; ajpo; twâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; n duvo uiJwâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;n aujthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; " G S (harm-chron) C 6 h;yt,+LÂżkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;w T | prec duvo G (V) S 7 Ĺ r<D<+bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; G V (T) | > La S C 8 yT¢v]li GMss T | > G S | V (indet) HM -ai G T | touâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; patro;" aujthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; " GMss (assim-cultur) | matris vestrae La V (assim-ctext) | patris vestri VMss (assim-cultur + assim-ctext) | Nykyc\na S (assim-cultur + assimctext) hc[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; y" | hc[y Mket | c[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; y" Mqere | G V S T (indet) 9 k,+l; G V | foll e[leon GL S (ampl) | foll ... ylM bf rga T (midr) C

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4

twr

1:10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;20

rm,aT¿¼w" .Ĺ MÂŤI[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;l] bWv`n: Ĺ T HaiAyKi HL -A hn:r m â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;aTÂżw" .hn:yKâ&#x20AC; Ib]Tiw" l / â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; q

â&#x20AC;Ą lWmw bW [Wfb jW

WySh;w y[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; +meBI] ~ynIb; yliĆ&#x2019;Ad/[PhI yMi-[i hn:k]l â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;te hM;l H ytâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;+nOb] hn:b ]vo y mi[ n:

g\

12

y Tir mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;~a; yKiĆ&#x2019; vyai-l] t/yâ &#x201E;h]mi yTin qz â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; : yKiH ;k ]le+ y tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;nOb] hn:b ]voÂĽ . yv)Ini :a}lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; kâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;l;

bW â&#x20AC;Ą g\ â&#x20AC;Ą w\

13

{ h¢l ;h} . ynIPb; yTid l Hy: g"w` vyai+l] h~l;y L ! â&#x20AC;&#x2122;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ytiyyIÂĽh; G" hw:â&#x20AC;&#x201C;q]ti yli¢Avy<

bW

la ¢ vyai-l] t/yâ &#x201E;h yTiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;l]bil] hn:gEâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;[ ;TIÂŤ hel ;h} WlD: +g yI rvâ&#x20AC; ¢a} d[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;â&#x20AC;Ś hn:r Be%câ&#x20AC;&#x2122;T]

lW â&#x20AC;Ą bW â&#x20AC;Ą lW

14

l;+/q hn:C â&#x20AC; ¢Tiw" .hw:Phy Ady" ybiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; ha Hx]y:AyKiI K,+mi d~aom] yliĆ&#x2019;Armâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;AyKiI ytâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;%nOB]

aW sWj bW

15

rm,aTÂż%w" .HB I hq;b]DO: tWrâ&#x20AC;&#x153;w Ht;+/mj} lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; h~P;r [; qV Ć&#x2019;Tiw" d/[â&#x20AC;&#x201D; hn:yKâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;b]Tiw"

10 11

.Ĺ TÂŤIm ]biy yrEOj}aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ybiWv` h;yhâ&#x20AC; -lÂża Ala,w HM â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ala, Ĺ Te+m ]biy hb;v ¢ h~NEhi 16

rv, a}Ala, yKiĂ&#x2020; Ĺ yIr:â&#x20AC;&#x201D;j}aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;me bWv l; Ĺ bÂŤâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;z [;l] ybi+Ay[iG p]TiAlaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; t~Wr rm,aT¿¼w"

17

rv â&#x20AC; Ć&#x2019;a}Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; .yh IlÂża Ĺ yIh â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lÂżawE yMi+[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Ĺ M ¢[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; yli+a; y nIyli T; rvâ&#x20AC; Ć&#x2019;a}bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;W Ĺ le%ae yki l]Te

bW â&#x20AC;Ą bW â&#x20AC;Ą lW

â&#x20AC;Ą Ă&#x;m[w djw hW sWp aWr bW

tw<M;+hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yKi¢ â&#x20AC;&#x17E;ysi+yO hko w y li hw:Ohy hc, [}y" h*Ko rbÂŤ-Q;a, v â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;w tWm+a; y tiWm~T; 18

lD`"j]T,w" HT -ai tk,lâ&#x20AC; ¢l; ayhiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; tx,MHa â&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2122;t]miAyKiI ar<TeĂ&#x2DC;w" .Ĺ nEPybeW ynIOyBe dyr I`p]y"

â&#x20AC;Ą ymwx[ ybw bW lW

19

h~n:a;~boK] yhi%y w" j,l - tyB¢ hn:a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;BoAd[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; h,+y Tev] hn:k]l ¢Tew" .h ylâ&#x20AC; Iae rBÂŤHd"l]

bW â&#x20AC;Ą bW

20

rm,aTÂż w" .ymiI[ n: tazOSh} hn:r m â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;aTÂżw" h,+yle[} r~y[ih;AlK; h oÂĽTew" j,l,+ tyB¢

g\

wabw â&#x20AC;Ą hmM tabw â&#x20AC;Ą ab hdpq â&#x20AC;Ą hylpam â&#x20AC;Ą kyt[bMb â&#x20AC;Ą jn axyw hWnmysw [Wfb jW [10] w\ yMnal [11] .o. rybjw â&#x20AC;Ą hb alkl wzmw yrtw .o. hl hnrmatw â&#x20AC;Ą hb wbMyw â&#x20AC;Ą hmM â&#x20AC;Ą wdylwhw yMn wjq â&#x20AC;Ą yMnal wqxyw â&#x20AC;Ą ymjl ta ytjqlw â&#x20AC;Ą wb bW wqzjth n\mysw jtp â&#x20AC;Ą hjn Ă&#x;l ht[w whnmysw hW rMa la [16] .o. rnbal dwd M[yw djw â&#x20AC;Ą yMnal kl wyhw ytM tyM[w w\ la rMa hypwljw .o. Ă&#x;la yklt â&#x20AC;Ą wbrqw â&#x20AC;Ą jwrh hmM hyhy â&#x20AC;Ą tljnthw .o. r[Ml hxwjmw â&#x20AC;Ą rMa ynbhw â&#x20AC;Ą yta abyw â&#x20AC;Ą ydwhy arqk yhyw â&#x20AC;Ą wrybjw â&#x20AC;Ą bhz t[bf g\ htw [19] .o. twr â&#x20AC;Ą yjkMw â&#x20AC;Ą yMn â&#x20AC;Ą twsrpb â&#x20AC;Ą hkh [ybMhw whnmysw hW Ă&#x;m[ .o. ry[h lk â&#x20AC;Ą hyrqh â&#x20AC;Ą ÂŻrah

9 l â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;/q G S T | lwq 4QRutha | prec eJkavsth GL | quae elevata voce V C 12 ;k]le+ V T | > G S | dia; touâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;to GMss (differ-vocal: kel); C h~l;y !Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; V T | > G S (euphem) | lelai>kwmevnhn GMss (via hl;ylij} ?) | bebhlwmevnh aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (via hl;ylij} ?) | odie La (euphem) C . ynIPb; G V S T | prec t y_n\MW 4QRuthb 14 Ht;+/mj} lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 4QRuthb | foll kai; ejpevstreyen eij" to;n lao;n aujthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; " G (explic) | foll et habiit La (explic) | foll ac reversa V (explic) | foll tlzaw tkphw S (explic) | foll jrwal tlzaw T (explic) C 15 HM â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ala, | h]m [[]l 4QRuthb | G V S T (indet) h;yhâ&#x20AC; -lÂża Ala,w | hyhl]alw 4QRuthb | > S | G V T (indet) ybiWv` (V) T | foll dh; kai; suv G S (emph) C 19 j,l,+ tyB¢ h~n:a;~boK] yhi%y w" GMss (V) S T | > G (homtel) hoÂĽTew" T | kai; h[chsen G (via hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;w" ?) | audibit La (interp) | velox ... fama percrebuit V (interp) | tydj S (interp) C

1:21â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2:9 â&#x20AC;Ą sWj lW â&#x20AC;Ą hW aW tWk lW

[rhw bMw djw dW

RUTH

5

yliâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; yD"_ vâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; rm HheAyKi ar:+m ; y li ;ar <ÂĽq] ymi-[ n: yliâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; hn:ar<Oq]TiAlaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; h,+y lea} y li hn:ar<ÂĽq]ti hM;l ¢ hw:â&#x20AC;&#x201D;hy ynIb ¢yvih qy â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; rEw yTik]lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;+h; ha ¢lem] y nIa} .daoPm]

21

hY:ÂĽbia}/Mhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tWr w ymi%[ n: bv;T ¢w" .yliI [r "OhHÂŤ yD" `vâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;w ybi+ hn:[ ¢ h~w:hyw"P ymi+[ n:

22

tL â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;jit]Bi j,l,+ tyB¢ WaB;â&#x20AC;Ś hM;he%w ba -/m ydE C]mi hb;V â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; HM;+[i H~t;L;kâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; [dwm qW

tjâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; P â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;v]Mimi lyIjâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;+ r/B GI vyaiâ&#x20AC;Ś Hv;%yail] [d " yOm ymi|[ n:l]WY . yrIP[oc] ryxiHq] 2 aN:ÂĽAhk;l]aÂŤI ymi%[ n:Alaâ&#x20AC; I hY:@bia}/Mhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tWr r*m,aTÂżw" .z[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; BoP /m`v]W Ĺ l,mâ&#x20AC; -ylia

2

aWn\ â&#x20AC;Ą lW â&#x20AC;Ą lW

rm,aTÂżOw" wyn:â&#x20AC;&#x201D;y [eB] jÂŤâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Aax;m]a, rvâ&#x20AC; Ha} rjâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Ă&#x2DC;aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yli+B vibâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hF ¢q lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;a}w" h~d<C;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

lW

rq ,YI w" yrIâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;x]Qohâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yrE`j}aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hd< +C;Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fQlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ÂŤ ¢ T]w" a~/bT;w" Ĺ l,TÂŤĆ&#x2019;w" .yTiIbi ykiHl] Hl â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;

3

lW

z[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; boA % hNEhiw .Ĺ l,mIyâ&#x20AC; lia tjâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; PHv ]Mimi rvâ&#x20AC; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;a} z[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; bl o+ ] h~d<C;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tql] Ć&#x2019; j, h;r<+q ]mi

4

lWm dW

Hk]r<b;y /l` Wrm]aYoSw" kâ&#x20AC; -M;[i hw: hy yrI`x ]/Qlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; rm,aYoSw" j,l,+ tyB¢mi aB;â&#x20AC;Ś

lWm dW

.taZOThâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hr:O[}N"hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ymiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;l] yrIâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;x ]/QPhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Al[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; bX â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;NIhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; /r+[}n"l] z [â&#x20AC;&#x2122;Bo rm,aYoÂťw" .hw:Phy

5

ayhi+ h~Y:bia}/mP hr:ÂĽ[}n" rm -aYow" yrI`x]/Qhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Al[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; bX HNIhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; r[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; N"_hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; [â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Y" w"

6

lW

yTi¢p]sâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;a;w a~N:Ahf;q lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;a} rm,aTÂż%w" .ba I/m hdEO C]mi ymiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;[ n:A [iI hb;V Hhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

7

lWm dW

hT;[â&#x20AC;&#x2122;+Ad[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; w r~q,Bo hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; za Ć&#x2019;me d/m%[}Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;wP" a/b T;w" yrIâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;x ]/Qhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yrE`j}aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; yrI+m;[ b I

tWkb lWm fW

yTi%Bi T][â&#x20AC;&#x2122;m ¢v; a/l Nh} tWr Ala, z[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Bo r*m,aYow" .f[ Im] tyIB â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; HT Hb]vi hz<_

bW â&#x20AC;Ą hW

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jQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;|YIw" .bv ÂŤIYEw" rsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Yw: ` " ynIâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;mol]aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ynI lÂżP] hPo`Ahb;v] hr :WsO rm,aYo w" z[â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Bo+ArB,DI

lW â&#x20AC;Ą g\ â&#x20AC;Ą [Wfb lW

3

lae+GOlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; r~m,aYo w" .Wbv ÂŤIYEw" hpoâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;AWbv] rm,aYoâ &#x201E;w" ry[iâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;h; ynEOq]ZImi yvinZ :a} hr:Nc;[}

lW

hd OC E ]mi hb;V â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ymi+[ n: hr: k]m; Ĺ l,mâ&#x20AC; -ylia l, Wnyjiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;a;l] rvâ&#x20AC; Ha} hd< +C;hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; t~qâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;l]j,

pWysb k tWk bW

.o. rMak â&#x20AC;Ą wqmb â&#x20AC;Ą bgnd Mmj â&#x20AC;Ą Ă&#x;rdy â&#x20AC;Ą ta â&#x20AC;Ą an n\mysw yrq alw bWtk yla [12] â&#x20AC;Ą rqwb yk â&#x20AC;Ą ynymy â&#x20AC;Ą yrxm â&#x20AC;Ą ywl â&#x20AC;Ą yrbd â&#x20AC;Ą r[ yk whnmysw wnb [Wfb jW ykna [13] wl whnmysw w\ tMyw [15] .o. mW bW tWwk qwsp pWwsw n\taw â&#x20AC;&#x17E;qz lkw â&#x20AC;Ą ynyl â&#x20AC;Ą blk Marh MM â&#x20AC;Ą ym trMj â&#x20AC;Ą lbt hyl[ tMyw â&#x20AC;Ą wynp rbdmh la â&#x20AC;Ą rWpa Mar l[ â&#x20AC;Ą yrd[ .o. yr[M

11 yrI`m]aTo G | foll prov" me GMss V S T (explic) 12 a yKiH | a yk Mket (ditt) | yKi Mqere T | > G V S || pref omit a yKiH see G V S C 14 / t;lÂżG r mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ML | wt;lÂżG r mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; MA MY h / t;lÂżG r mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; | wtlgrm Mket (err-graph) | wyt;lÂżG r mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Mqere 2QRuthb G V S T wr< fâ&#x20AC; B Z ] | wrfb Mket (err-graph) | r<f,B] Mqere | G V S T (indet) r~m,aYo w" | foll Bovo" G V (explic) | foll Bovo " aujthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; / GMss (explic) | hl trm,aw S (assim-ctext) | foll ywmylw[l T (explic) C hV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;aih; T | > 2QRuthb V S | gunhv G (hapl?)

15 dm;Y:ÂĽw" G V T | foll M 2QRuthb | foll hOl S abo`Y:w" G T | kai; eijshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lqen Rouvq GMss (V) (S) (harm-synt, cf KR) C 16 Aymi G S T | hm 2QRuthb* GMss V 17 â&#x20AC;&#x2122;+ E | > Mket V (hapl?) | yl+â&#x20AC;&#x2122;ae Mqere G (S) T (explic?)

¤¥

INTRODUCTIONS

INTRODUCTIONS AND COMMENTARIES ON THE MEGILLOTH

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1*

INTRODUCTIONS

3*

CONTENTS OF THE COMMENTARY SECTION Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5*

Ruth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5*

Canticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8*

Qoheleth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13* Lamentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17* Esther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20* Notes on the Masorah Parva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25* Ruth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25* Canticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26* Qoheleth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28* Lamentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30* Esther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34* Notes on the Masorah Magna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37* Ruth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37* Canticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38* Qoheleth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40* Lamentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43* Esther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46* Commentaries on the Critical Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51* Ruth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51* Canticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56* Qoheleth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64* Lamentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113* Esther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136* Works Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151*

RUTH

25*

NOTES ON THE MASORAH PARVA RUTH 1:4 Wa c]YIw " g\mW — Com.: Cf. Ginsburg, 2, g, ⁄⁄ 401a and 401b.

6 hdE c]Bi hW btk bW — Com.: The reference is only to Ruth. The other instance is 4:3.

7 h;yt†‘L¿k’ lWm dj bW — Com.: This Mp is not correct in so far as ML is concerned, in which both cases are defective, but it does agree with, for example, the text of MA. 8 hn:b]Vo+ ytnb ytnb bW Twice (followed by) ytnb: Ruth 1:11; 1:12. — Com.: The total number of instances is therefore three. Cf. also Mp Ruth 1:11; 1:12.

10 HL -Ahn:r m ‘aTow " [Wfb jW — Com.: Cf. Yeivin, Tiberian Massorah, ⁄ 216; and also Weil, ⁄ 3661.

11 . yviIn:a}l’ w\ — Com.: For waw being an error for zayin, see Ginsburg, 1, a, ⁄ 926.

16 ŁM«¢[’ ßm[w djw hW Five times, and once ßm[w (Isa 60:21).

17 dyrI `p]y" ymwx[ ybw bW Twice: Prov 18:18.

19 hn:a ‘Bo bW Twice (in the book). — Com.: A third occurrence is found in Jer 8:7.

20 ;ar<¥q] sWj lW — Com.: arq occurring only here, the Mp is equal to sOjw lO. 21 [rO "h«H [rhw bMw djw dW Four times and once [rhw: Josh 24:20.

2:12 h~w:hy [iƒme fW — Com.: This Mp does not take into account the three cases in 1 Kings. Cf. Weil, ⁄ 3417.

13 ynIT;+m]j’n I P yntrz[ djw lW Once (like this) and once (preceded by a conjunction): Ps 86:17.

14 b~v,Te~w " bWy\ — Com.: Cf. Weil, ⁄140.

22 wyt;/+ r[} n " lWm bW — Com.: wytwr[n occurring only here and in Ruth 3:2, the Mp is equal to lOmw bO. hd<Oc;B] pWr hW — Com.: See Mm on the same word in 2:8.

23 bv, T«‘w " bWy\ — Com.: Cf. Weil, ⁄140.

3:7 fL;b + ’ tWkb bW — Com.: The placing of the circellus is in error in ML. The Mp should refer to aboT;w " as is shown by the Mp in MA. 9 ~p,~n:k] bWr[ml sWj lW — Com.: Westerners read ßpnk defective (see Yeivin, Tiberian Masorah, ⁄153).

10 hk; WrB] hkwrbw djw lW 1 Sam 25:33 lD"` bWy\ — Com.: See Ginsburg, 4, d, ⁄163.

13 la;g+ yI MWnrb wM lwkw lW — Com.: In all other occurrences, a personal name: Num 13:7; 2 Sam 23:36 and 1 Chr 3:22.

15 ybih;Æ [Wfb lW — Com.: There are no other occurrences of this verbal form with a different accent.

4:9 [;%h;Alk;w qwsp xWmab n\ — Com.: Cf. Frensdorff, Massorah, 142; and also Ginsburg, 2, k, ⁄ 265. /l—j]m’W /y“l]kil] „wlj y\rq lwkw lW Once and everywhere else read in the reversed order (Ruth 1:2; 1:5).

10 /l j]m’ tv,ae tmh tMa raMw lW Once (like this) and otherwise Ruth 4:5.

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26*

NOTES ON THE MASORAH PARVA

15 Ł~l; hy:h ƒw lW — Com.: Once, namely in the Writings. According to Weil (⁄ 2431), the other case is Isa 60:19.

17 dbe+/[ bWr[ml lWm bW — Com.: Westerners read dbw[ plene (see Yeivin, Tiberian Masorah, ⁄153).

CANTICLES 1:2 t/q yviN mi twqyMn twrt[nw djw lW — Com.: For the reference twqyMn twrt[nw, see Prov 27:6.

4 wyr:%d:j} wyrdjw djw lW — Com.: For the reference wyrdjw, see 1 Chr 28:11.

7 h~b;h}a;v†ƒ bW — Com.: “Twice” must be a mistake since this form occurs five times, viz. here and in 3:1, 2, 3, 4.

8 al¿¥A ai qwsp aWr jW — Com.: Not included are the occurrences in Job, viz.

17:2; 22:20; 30:25; 31:20, 31, 36.

15 ŁN¥h : i pWysb lW — Com.: Either this is an error, since the word occurs four times in Canticles (twice here and twice in 4:1), or it refers to this word with the accent mahpa3; in the other three occurrences, the word has a different accent.

16 y dI/d hp†ƒy: hW — Com.: Although the circellus seems to be over the combination of two words, the number “five” must refer to hpy only (2 Sam 14:25; Ezek 31:9; Cant 1:16; Qoh 3:11; 5:17).

17 Wnf«‘yjir" qW wnfyhr — Com.: There is no circellus.

2:4 y nIa’~ybih hW — Com.: This must be a mistake for “four times,” as Mp has correctly at 1:4. MA has “four times.” Cp. Mm at 1:4.

9 t/n– L¿j}h I sWj g\ — Com.: “Three times” must be a mistake since there are four occurences of the defective form; see Mm. 10 yli- rm’a ¢w rbda hm bW — Com.: For the reference rbda hm, see Isa 38:15.

13 yk]l Z rq ßlW — Com.: There is a dot over ßl, but no dot is discernible over (the resh of) rq.

3:4 w ytiaybeh}v†ƒ lW — Com.: The first person perfect hifil with this form of the third person singular masculine suffix occurs five times (cp. Mp in BHS): Gen 43:9; Num 14:24; 1 Sam 1:22; Isa 48:15; Cant 3:4, but only in the last verse with be.

In the other places the form is wytaoybih.

5 Wry[iGT; bW — Com.: The circellus is above the t. If indeed this is meant, then “twice” is a mistake since the form occurs three times, viz., here and in 2:7 and 8:4. “Twice” would be correct if the circellus refers to the combination A aiWry[iT;, which occurs here and in 2:7. In 8:4 we have the combination wry[tAhm with the circellus over the maqqe4, and the Mp “once.” MA and MY have no Mp at 3:5.

8 ydE`M]lum] lW — Com.: This must be a mistake since the word occurs also in 1 Chr 25:7, though with a different accent; cp. Mm. MA and MY have “twice”, although in MA there is at best only a trace of a circellus visible over ydmlm.

4:1 d[’ B ‘mi bW — Com.: “Twice” must be a mistake since the word, in the same combination with ßtmxl, occurs three times, viz. here, in v. 3 and 6:7. In neither of the latter two places is there a Mp. Łt«-M;x’l] bW — Com.: See previous comment.

2 hx -j]r"h; lW — Com.: The word also occurs in the same expression in 6:6, where Mp has correctly “twice.”

CANTICLES

27*

3 /MrIh I jl’p†ƒK] g\ — Com.: The circellus is positioned over the space between the two words. Since this combination occurs only twice (here and 6:7), the circellus probably belongs to jlpk, which does occur three times (here, 6:7 and Job 41:16).

4 d~ywID: lWm hW — Com.: The plene writing occurs five times outside the Dodekapropheton, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles, viz., 1 Kgs 3:14; 11:4, 36; Ezek 34:22; Cant 4:4.

6 rh ¢Ala, tWwk lmrkh lmrk lkw w\y\ Sixteen times and all occurrences with “Karmel/the Karmel” likewise. — Com.: The combination with “Karmel” (without the article) does not occur.

9 ynITi‘b]B’li sWjw bW — Com.: This does not hold good for ML, where the second occurrence in the same verse is plene. In MY both occurrences are defective. .ŁyInPr : oW X’mi MWylb aW sWj bW Twice defective, once in this form. — Com.: The dot on the b is lacking. The defective form, without a, occurs here and in Neh 3:5. Only here does the word occur in the form roW:x’.

10 WbFo¥ ßylha bW — Com.: The reference, ßylha, is to Num 24:5. The circellus is over the b, but although the form wbf occurs twice, the circellus should probably have been over wbfAhm as in the same expression in Num 24:5, where Mp refers to Cant 4:10.

11 tp,nO wn pWwsw wn w\sp MWar aWy\ — Com.: See Mm. 13 sD E r P’ sdrph rmwM djw lW — Com.: For the reference sdrph rmwM, see Neh 2:8 (with defective rmM).

15 y [ " ]m’ dW" — Com.: “Four times” refers to the construct form (with pa5aœ).

5:3 hk;kHy ae [Wfb bW — Com.: There is no clear circellus. There may be a trace of a circellus over the h.

4 WmOh; lW — Com.: No circellus can be discerned.

5 y t’[oB]x]a,w yt[bxa djw lW — Com.: For the reference yt[bxa, see Ps 144:1 (with the word written plene). Mp is divided over the right margin of the third column (lW) and the left margin.

7 ynIWK hi g\ — Com.: Either this is an error, since the form occurs twice, here and in Prov 23:35, or it includes Gen 34:30 with ynwkhw. .t/mPjoh’ bWtk z\ Seven times (thus) written. — Com.: The word seems to have the most complicated Masoretic tradition in Canticles. The plural form, including the occurrences without article and with a preposition, occurs fourteen times. In ML the word is written as tmwj four times: 2 Kgs 25:10; Jer 51:12; Lam 2:7; Neh 2:13; three times the form is twmwj: Isa 26:1; Ps 51:20; 2 Chr 8:5); the remaining seven places, with the form twmj, are Jer 1:18; 39:8; 51:58; 52:14; Ezek 26:4; Neh 4:1; Cant 5:7. These seven places must be referred to by Mp at Cant 5:7, which means that the note bWtk z\ must be understood as tWk z\ k, seven times thus written, as at Jer 39:8; 52:14 (cp. 51:12 with Mp as tWk dW k). A different Masorah in ML sorts out the cases where the word is a plural form to distinguish it from the singular form tmwj, viz., at Ezek 26:4: twmj: eight times, 2 Kgs 25:10; Isa 26:1; Ezek 26:4; Neh 2:13; 4:1; Lam 2:7; Ps 51:20; 2 Chr 8:5, and all of Jeremiah likewise, except for three, Jer 15:20; 49:27; 51:44. In this list, Cant 5:7 should have been included, which would bring the total number of plural forms outside Jeremiah to nine. The number “eight” is also mentioned in a Mp-note, besides Ezek 26:4, at 2 Kgs 25:10; Ps 51:20 (with the addition: “and all of Jeremiah likewise, except for three”); Lam 2:7; Neh 4:1. See Ginsburg, 4, j, ⁄ 69.

28*

NOTES ON THE MASORAH PARVA

1 bW — Com.: Either the note refers to this verse only, or is a mistake, 9 ŁdE /D since the word occurs four times, twice here, and twice in 6:1. Another possibility is that the circellus, over first d, is misplaced and actually refers to the combination ßdwdAhm, which occurs twice in this verse. ŁdE /D2 pWysb lWm g\ — Com.: This must be a mistake for “four times”; see previous comment. At 6:1 Mp has correctly “four times.”

11 .brEP/[K; br[k djw lW — Com.: For the reference br[k, “as Oreb,” see Ps 83:12.

14 . yrIPyPis’ yrypsb djw lW — Com.: For the reference yrypsb, see Isa 54:11.

15 . yzIPr:a}K; yzrak’ djw lW — Com.: For the reference yzrak’, see Num 24:6.

6:4 hw: `an: hW — Com.: If this is not an error, it must include 1:5, where this word occurs with copula; at that place Mp has “once.”

6 t/m+yait]m’ lWmw lW — Com.: This must be a mistake since this word occurs also at 4:1, where Mp gives “twice and plene.”

10 rj’ v - z\ — Com.: This form (qame§; no article) occurs, however, eight times, viz. Isa 8:20; 14:12; Ps 57:9; 108:3; 139:9; Job 3:9; 41:10; Cant 6:10. Ginsburg (2:617—18) gives two lists, ⁄⁄ 332 and 333, one: four times (the first four references), one: eight times (all references). .t/lPG:d NIK’ lW — Com.: It should be “twice,” since the word also occurs in v. 4, where Mp has correctly “twice.”

11 . ynM I P orIh; tWkb sWj lW — Com.: In 7:13 the form occurs plene.

7:1 W zj T, lW — Com.: The same form also occurs in Isa 30:10, though without accent. “Once” may be an error for “once in the book” as given by Weil in BHS. 5 r~[’v’~Al[’ bW — Com.: In ML the circellus is over v, but there is virtually no space for a circellus above the maqqe4, where it belongs in view of the number “twice” (here and 2 Chr 26:9).

13 yd"`Do bW — Com.: The word with this suffix, however, occurs only here.

8:7 W lk]WyT aWy\ — Com.: This number (“eleven times”) includes the two occurrences where the form is defective, viz., Josh 7:12; Ps 18:39. Apart from these eleven instances, the form occurs with different vowels in Jer 5:22; 20:11; Ps 21:12. — Com.: ML has a circellus over the word, but there is no Mp-note. The form Wntejoa} occurs three times defective, viz. here, in Gen 34:14 (Mp: g\) and in Gen 24:60, where Mp has “four times”, including Gen 34:31, where the word is written plene. The four places are listed in Mm at Gen 34:14.

11 yrI—f]NOl’ lW’ — Com.: This occurrence (with pa5aœ) is to be distinguished from v. 12, where we have yrfnl].

12 „l,a†ƒh; g\ — Com.: Josh 18:28 is not included; see Mm.

QOHELETH 1:7 ~ylij;N h’ v†ƒ lW — Com.: The word lacks a corresponding circellus above it in ML. 12 tl,h,%qo hW — Com.: In fact, the word occurs six times in the book: 1:1, 2, 12; 7:27; 12:9, 10, and once more with the article in 12:8. The Mp “five times” occurs at 1:12 and 12:10. In 1:1, the word is found in a cstr. chain, so is perhaps excluded from this counting, unless the Masorah records an old form with the article in 7:27, which therefore would be excluded; see the apparatus there.

15 tW:`[um] lW — Com.: An erasure appears under the l of this Mp.